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<title>bioRxiv Channel: University of California, San Diego</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "University of California, San Diego"
</description>

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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient synergistic single-cell genome assembly 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/002972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the vast majority of all microbes are unculturable, single-cell sequencing has become a significant method to gain insight into microbial physiology. Single-cell sequencing methods, currently powered by multiple displacement genome amplification (MDA), have passed important milestones such as finishing and closing the genome of a prokaryote. However, the quality and reliability of genome assemblies from single cells are still unsatisfactory due to uneven coverage depth and the absence of scattered chunks of the genome in the final collection of reads caused by MDA bias. In this work, our new algorithm Hybrid De novo Assembler (HyDA) demonstrates the power of co-assembly of multiple single-cell genomic data sets through significant improvement of the assembly quality in terms of predicted functional elements and length statistics. Co-assemblies contain significantly more base pairs and protein coding genes, cover more subsystems, and consist of longer contigs compared to individual assemblies by the same algorithm as well as state-of-the-art single-cell assemblers SPAdes and IDBA-UD. Hybrid De novo Assembler (HyDA) is also able to avoid chimeric assemblies by detecting and separating shared and exclusive pieces of sequence for input data sets. By replacing one deep single-cell sequencing experiment with a few single-cell sequencing experiments of lower depth, the co-assembly method can hedge against the risk of failure and loss of the sample, without significantly increasing sequencing cost. Application of the single-cell coassembler HyDA to the study of three uncultured members of an alkane-degrading methanogenic community validated the usefulness of the co-assembly concept.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narjes S. Movahedi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeinab Taghavi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallory Embree</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harish Nagarajan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karsten Zengler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamidreza Chitsaz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/002972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient synergistic single-cell genome assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of protein translation by the DISC1-Boymaw fusion gene from a Scottish family with major psychiatric disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The t(1; 11) translocation appears to be the causal genetic lesion with 70% penetrance for schizophrenia, major depression, and other psychiatric disorders in a Scottish family. Molecular studies identified the disruption of the DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) gene by chromosome translocation at chromosome 1q42. Our previous studies, however, revealed that the translocation also disrupted another gene, Boymaw (also termed DISC1FP1), on chromosome 11. After translocation, two fusion genes (the DISC1-Boymaw (DB7) and the Boymaw-DISC1 (BD13)) are generated between the DISC1 and Boymaw genes. In the present study, we report that expression of the DB7 fusion gene inhibits both intracellular NADH oxidoreductase activities and protein translation. We generated humanized DISC1-Boymaw mice with gene targeting to examine the in vivo functions of the fusion genes. Consistent with the in vitro studies on the DB7 fusion gene, protein translation activity is decreased in the hippocampus and in cultured primary neurons from the brains of the humanized mice. Expression of Gad67, Nmdar1, and Psd95 proteins are also reduced. The humanized mice display prolonged and increased responses to the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine, on various mouse genetic backgrounds. Abnormal information processing of acoustic startle and depressive-like behaviors are also observed. In addition, the humanized mice display abnormal erythropoiesis, which was reported to associate with depression in humans. Expression of the DB7 fusion gene may reduce protein translation to impair brain functions and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baohu Ji</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerin Higa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minjung Kim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynn Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jared Young</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Geyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xianjin Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of protein translation by the DISC1-Boymaw fusion gene from a Scottish family with major psychiatric disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Boymaw, Overexpressed in Brains with Major Psychiatric Disorders, May Encode a Small Protein to Inhibit Mitochondrial Function and Protein Translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The t(1,11) chromosome translocation co-segregates with major psychiatric disorders in a large Scottish family. The translocation disrupts the DISC1 and Boymaw (DISC1FP1) genes on chromosomes 1 and 11, respectively. After translocation, two fusion genes are generated. Our recent studies found that the DISC1-Boymaw fusion protein is localized in mitochondria and inhibits oxidoreductase activity, rRNA expression, and protein translation. Mice carrying the DISC1-Boymaw fusion genes display intermediate behavioral phenotypes related to major psychiatric disorders. Here, we report that the Boymaw gene encodes a small protein predominantly localized in mitochondria. The Boymaw protein inhibits oxidoreductase activity, rRNA expression, and protein translation in the same way as the DISC1-Boymaw fusion protein. Interestingly, Boymaw expression is up-regulated by different stressors at RNA and/or protein translational levels. In addition, we found that Boymaw RNA expression is significantly increased in the postmortem brains of patients with major psychiatric disorders. Our studies therefore suggest that the Boymaw gene is a potential susceptibility gene for major psychiatric disorders in both the Scottish t(1,11) family and the general population of patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baohu Ji</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minjung Kim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerin Higa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xianjin Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Boymaw, Overexpressed in Brains with Major Psychiatric Disorders, May Encode a Small Protein to Inhibit Mitochondrial Function and Protein Translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Carriers of Ongoing Selective Sweeps Without Knowledge of the Favored Allele 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methods for detecting the genomic signatures of natural selection have been heavily studied, and they have been successful in identifying many selective sweeps. For most of these sweeps, the favored allele remains unknown, making it difficult to distinguish carriers of the sweep from non-carriers. In an ongoing selective sweep, carriers of the favored allele are likely to contain a future most recent common ancestor. Therefore, identifying them may prove useful in predicting the evolutionary trajectory -- for example, in contexts involving drug-resistant pathogen strains or cancer subclones. The main contribution of this paper is the development and analysis of a new statistic, the Haplotype Allele Frequency (HAF) score. The HAF score, assigned to individual haplotypes in a sample, naturally captures many of the properties shared by haplotypes carrying a favored allele. We provide a theoretical framework for computing expected HAF scores under different evolutionary scenarios, and we validate the theoretical predictions with simulations. As an application of HAF score computations, we develop an algorithm (PreCIOSS: Predicting Carriers of Ongoing Selective Sweeps) to identify carriers of the favored allele in selective sweeps, and we demonstrate its power on simulations of both hard and soft sweeps, as well as on data from well-known sweeps in human populations.nnAuthor summaryMethods for detecting the genomic signatures of natural selection have been heavily studied, and they have been successful in identifying genomic regions under positive selection. However, methods that detect positive selective sweeps do not typically identify the favored allele, or even the haplotypes carrying the favored allele. The main contribution of this paper is the development and analysis of a new statistic (the HAF score), assigned to individual haplotypes. Using both theoretical analyses and simulations, we describe how the HAF scores differ for carriers and non-carriers of the favored allele, and how they change dynamically during a selective sweep. We also develop an algorithm, PreCIOSS, for separating carriers and non-carriers. Our tool has broad applicability as carriers of the favored allele are likely to contain a future most recent common ancestor. Therefore, identifying them may prove useful in predicting the evolutionary trajectory -- for example, in contexts involving drug-resistant pathogen strains or cancer subclones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy Ronen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn Tesler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Akbari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shay Zakov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noah A Rosenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vineet Bafna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/017871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Carriers of Ongoing Selective Sweeps Without Knowledge of the Favored Allele]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/018606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selection for Intermediate Genotypes Enables a Key Innovation in Phage Lambda 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/018606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of qualitatively new functions is fundamental for shaping the diversity of life. Such innovations are rare because they require multiple coordinated changes. We sought to understand the evolutionary processes involved in a particular key innovation, whereby phage {lambda} evolved the ability to exploit a novel receptor, OmpF, on the surface of Escherichia coli cells. Previous work has shown that this transition repeatedly evolves in the laboratory, despite requiring four mutations in specific regions of a single gene. Here we examine how this innovation evolved by studying six intermediate genotypes that arose during independent transitions to use OmpF. In particular, we tested whether these genotypes were favored by selection, and how a coevolved change in the hosts influenced the fitness of the phage genotypes. To do so, we measured the fitness of the intermediate types relative to the ancestral {lambda} when competing for either ancestral or coevolved host cells. All six intermediates had improved fitness on at least one host, and four had higher fitness on the coevolved host than on the ancestral host. These results show that the evolution of the phages new ability to use OmpF was repeatable because the intermediate genotypes were adaptive and, in many cases, because coevolution of the host favored their emergence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alita Burmeister</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Lenski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin Meyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/018606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selection for Intermediate Genotypes Enables a Key Innovation in Phage Lambda]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of organismal stoichiometry in a 50,000-generation experiment with Escherichia coli 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organismal stoichiometry refers to the relative proportion of chemical elements in the biomass of organisms, and it can have important effects on ecological interactions from population to ecosystem scales. Although stoichiometry has been studied extensively from an ecological perspective, little is known about rates and directions of evolutionary changes in elemental composition in response to nutrient limitation. We measured carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of Escherichia coli evolved under controlled carbon-limited conditions for 50,000 generations. The bacteria evolved higher relative nitrogen and phosphorus content, consistent with selection for increased use of the more abundant elements. Total carbon assimilated also increased, indicating more efficient use of the limiting element. Altogether, our study shows that stoichiometry evolved over a relatively short time-period, and that it did so in a predictable direction given the carbon-limiting environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caroline B. Turner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian D. Wade</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin R. Meyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard E. Lenski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/021360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of organismal stoichiometry in a 50,000-generation experiment with Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SSCM: A method to analyze and predict the pathogenicity of sequence variants 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/021527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe advent of cost-effective DNA sequencing has provided clinics with high-resolution information about patients genetic variants, which has resulted in the need for efficient interpretation of this genomic data. Traditionally, variant interpretation has been dominated by many manual, time-consuming processes due to the disparate forms of relevant information in clinical databases and literature. Computational techniques promise to automate much of this, and while they currently play only a supporting role, their continued improvement for variant interpretation is necessary to tackle the problem of scaling genetic sequencing to ever larger populations. Here, we present SSCM-Pathogenic, a genome-wide, allele-specific score for predicting variant pathogenicity. The score, generated by a semi-supervised clustering algorithm, shows predictive power on clinically relevant mutations, while also displaying predictive ability in noncoding regions of the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharad Vikram</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew D Rasmussen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric A Evans</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imran S Haque</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/021527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SSCM: A method to analyze and predict the pathogenicity of sequence variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remodeling of the interphase chromatin domain structures in embryonic stem cells by targeted placement of human-specific regulatory loci 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide proximity placement analysis of diverse families of human-specific genomic regulatory loci (HSGRL) identified topologically-associating domains (TADs) that are significantly enriched for HSGRL and termed rapidly-evolving in humans TADs (revTADs; Genome Biol Evol. 2016 8; 2774-88). Here, human-specific genomic features of pluripotency regulatory networks in hESC have been analyzed. The primary focus was on identification of human-specific elements of the interphase chromatin architecture of TADs responsible for transcriptional regulatory control of the NANOG, POU5F1, and POU3F2 genes. Comparative analyses of the four adjacent TADs spanning ~3.3 Mb NANOG locus-associated genomic region were carried-out to highlight primate-specific genomic features. Lastly, the putative mechanisms of the genome-wide regulatory effects of human-specific NANOG-binding sites (HSNBS) on expression of genes implicated in the fetal and adult brain development have been examined. Acquisition of primate-specific regulatory loci appears to rewire TADs exerting transcriptional control on pluripotency regulators, revealing a genomic placement pattern consistent with the enhanced regulatory impact of NANOG in primates. Proximity placement analysis of HSNBS identified a large expression signature in the human fetal neocortex temporal lobe comprising 4,957 genes, which appear to retain acquired in the embryo expression changes for many years of human brain development and maintain highly concordant expression profiles in the neocortex and prefrontal cortex regions of adult human brain. Collectively, reported herein observations indicate that genomic elements of pluripotency regulatory circuitry associated with HSNBS, specifically proteins of the classical NurD chromatin remodeling complex, contribute to transcriptional regulation of a large set of genes implicated in development and function of human brain.nnList of abbreviations5hmC, 5-HydromethylcytosinennCTCF, CCCTC-binding factornnDHS, DNase hypersensitivity sitesnnFHSRR, fixed human-specific regulatory regionsnnGRNs, genomic regulatory networksnnHAR, human accelerated regionsnnhCONDEL, human-specific conserved deletionsnnhESC, human embryonic stem cellsnnHSGRL, human-specific genomic regulatory locinnHSNBS, human-specific NANOG-binding sitesnnHSTFBS, human-specific transcription factor-binding sitesnnLAD, lamina-associated domainnnLINE, long interspersed nuclear elementnnlncRNA, long non-coding RNAnnLTR, long terminal repeatnnMADE, methylation-associated DNA editingnnmC, methylcytosinennmESC, mouse embryonic stem cellsnnNANOG, Nanog homeoboxnnnt, nucleotidennPOU5F1, POU class 5 homeobox 1nnPSDS, partial strand displacement statennTAD, topologically associating domainsnnTE, transposable elementsnnTF, transcription factornnTSC, triple-stranded complexnnTSS, transcription start sitesnnSE, super-enhancersnnSED, super-enhancer domainsnnsncRNA, small non coding RNA
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gennadi Glinsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/022913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remodeling of the interphase chromatin domain structures in embryonic stem cells by targeted placement of human-specific regulatory loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous human stem cell-associated retroviruses 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent discoveries of endogenous human stem cell-associated retroviruses (SCARs) revealed consistent activation of specific endogenous retroviral elements in human preimplantation embryos and documented the essential role of the sustained retroviral activities in the maintenance of pluripotency, functional identity and integrity of naive-state embryonic stem cells, and anti-viral resistance of the early-stage human embryos. SCARs activity have been implicated in seeding thousands human-specific regulatory sequences in the hESC genome. Activation of specific SCARs, namely LTR7/HERVH and LTR5_Hs/HERVK, has been demonstrated in patients diagnosed with multiple types of cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and it is likely associated with the emergence of clinically lethal therapy resistant death-from-cancer phenotypes in a sub-set of cancer patients diagnosed with different types of malignant tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gennadi Glinsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/024273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous human stem cell-associated retroviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of reference databases’ refinements on the validity of molecular definitions of 15,371 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thousands of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) have been identified, supporting the idea that unique to human phenotypes result from human-specific changes to genomic regulatory networks (GRNs). The sequence quality of reference genome databases is essential for the accurate definition of regulatory DNA segments as candidate HSRS. It is unclear how database improvements would affect the validity of the HSRS definition. Sequence conservation analysis of 15,371 candidate HSRS was carried out using the most recent releases of reference genomes databases of humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) defining the conservation threshold as the minimum ratio of bases that must remap of 1.00. This analysis identifies 3,793 regulatory DNA segments that lack evidence of human-specific mutations and represent regulatory sequences highly conserved in humans, Bonobo, and Chimpanzee. Present analysis revealed a major database refinements effect on the validity of HSRS definition and suggests that human-specific phenotypes may evolve as a results of integration into human-specific GRNs of both conserved in NHP and human-specific genomic regulatory elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gennadi Glinsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/026435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of reference databases’ refinements on the validity of molecular definitions of 15,371 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/027912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular stripping in the NFκB/IκB/DNA genetic regulatory network 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/027912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic switches based on the NF{kappa}B/I{kappa}B/DNA system are master regulators of an array of cellular responses. Recent kinetic experiments have shown that I{kappa}B can actively remove NF{kappa}B bound to its genetic sites via a process called "molecular stripping". This allows the NF{kappa}B/I{kappa}B/DNA switch to function under kinetic control rather than the thermodynamic control contemplated in the traditional models of gene switches. Using molecular dynamics simulations of coarse grained predictive energy landscape models for the constituent proteins by themselves and interacting with the DNA we explore the functional motions of the transcription factor NF{kappa}B and its various binary and ternary complexes with DNA and the inhibitor I{kappa}B. These studies show that the function of the NF{kappa}B/I{kappa}B/DNA genetic switch is realized via an allosteric mechanism. Molecular stripping occurs through the activation of a domain twist mode by the binding of I{kappa}B which occurs through conformational selection. Free energy calculations for DNA binding show that the binding of I{kappa}B not only results in a significant decrease of the affinity of the transcription factor for the DNA but also kinetically speeds DNA release. Projections of the free energy onto various reaction coordinates reveal the structural details of the stripping pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davit Potoyan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihua Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizabeth Komives</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Wolynes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/027912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular stripping in the NFκB/IκB/DNA genetic regulatory network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/029975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation patterns’ analysis of 18,364 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences revealed two distinct pathways of the human regulatory DNA divergence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/029975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thousands of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) have been identified, supporting the idea that unique to human phenotypes result from human-specific alterations of genomic regulatory networks. Here, conservation patterns analysis of 18,364 regulatory DNA segments comprising candidate HSRS was carried out using the most recent releases of the reference genomes databases of humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) and defining the sequence conservation threshold as the minimum ratio of bases that must remap of 1.00. Present analyses identified 5,535 candidate HSRS defined by either the acceleration of mutation rates on the human lineage or the functional divergence from chimpanzee that are highly conserved in NHP and appear to evolve by the exaptation of ancestral DNA pathway. This pathway seems mechanistically distinct from the evolution of regulatory DNA driven by the species-specific expansion of transposable elements. It is proposed that phenotypic divergence of Homo sapiens is driven by the evolution of human-specific genomic regulatory networks via at least two mechanistically distinct pathways of creation of divergent sequences of regulatory DNA: i) exaptation of the highly conserved ancestral regulatory DNA segments; ii) human-specific insertions of transposable elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gennadi Glinsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/029975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation patterns’ analysis of 18,364 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences revealed two distinct pathways of the human regulatory DNA divergence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frequency and complexity of de novo structural mutation in autism 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic studies of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have established that de novo duplications and deletions contribute to risk. However, ascertainment of structural variation (SV) has been restricted by the coarse resolution of current approaches. By applying a custom pipeline for SV discovery, genotyping and de novo assembly to genome sequencing of 235 subjects, 71 cases, 26 sibling controls and their parents, we present an atlas of 1.2 million SVs (5,213/genome), comprising 11 different classes. We demonstrate a high diversity of de novo mutations, a majority of which were undetectable by previous methods. In addition, we observe complex mutation clusters where combinations of de novo SVs, nucleotide substitutions and indels occurred as a single event. We estimate a high rate of structural mutation in humans (20%). Genetic risk for ASD is attributable to an elevated frequency of gene-disrupting de novo SVs but not an elevated rate of genome rearrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>William M Brandler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danny Antaki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhusudan Gujral</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amina Noor</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel Rosanio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy R Chapman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel J Barrera</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan Ning Lin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dheeraj Malhotra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amanda C Watts</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence C Wong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasper A Estabillo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Therese E Gadomski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oanh Hong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin V Fuentes Fajardo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abhishek Bhandari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renius Owen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Baughn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey Yuan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terry Solomon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandra G Moyzis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan J Sanders</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gail E Reiner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keith K Vaux</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles M Strom</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alysson R Muotri</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natacha Akshoomoff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzanne M Leal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karen Pierce</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Courchesne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilia M Iakoucheva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Corsello</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan Sebat</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frequency and complexity of de novo structural mutation in autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of CO2 regulation of SLAC1 anion channel and function of CO2-permeable PIP2;1 aquaporin as carbonic anhydrase 4 interactor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daily dark periods cause an increase in the leaf CO2 concentration (Ci) and the continuing atmospheric [CO2] rise also increases Ci. Elevated Ci causes closing of stomatal pores thus regulating gas exchange of plants. The molecular signaling mechanisms leading to CO2-induced stomatal closure are only partially understood. Here we demonstrate that high intracellular [Formula] enhances currents mediated by the guard cell S-type anion channel SLAC1 when co-expressing either of the protein kinases OST1, CPK6 or CPK23 in Xenopus oocytes. Split-ubiquitin screening identified the PIP2;1 aquaporin as an interactor of the {beta}CA4 carbonic anhydrase, which was confirmed in split luciferase, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. PIP2;1 exhibited CO2 permeability. Co-expression of {beta}CA4 and PIP2;1 with OST1-SLAC1 or CPK6/23-SLAC1 enabled extracellular CO2 enhancement of SLAC1 anion channel activity. An inactive PIP2;1 point mutation was identified which abrogated water and CO2 permeability and extracellular CO2 regulation of SLAC1 activity in Xenopus oocytes. These findings identify the CO2-permeable PIP2;1 aquaporin as key interactor of carbonic anhydrases, show functional reconstitution of extracellular CO2 signaling to ion channel regulation and implicate SLAC1 as a bicarbonate-responsive protein in CO2 regulation of S-type anion channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cun Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honghong Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue Qin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian Zeise</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danyun Xu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wouter-Jan Rappel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter F Boron</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian I Schroeder</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of CO2 regulation of SLAC1 anion channel and function of CO2-permeable PIP2;1 aquaporin as carbonic anhydrase 4 interactor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ethnicities generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). The resulting catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We show that this catalogue can be used to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; we identify 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of truncating variants, 72% of which have no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human "knockout" variants in protein-coding genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Exome Aggregation Consortium</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monkol Lek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konrad Karczewski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Minikel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaitlin Samocha</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Banks</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy Fennell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne O'Donnell-Luria</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Ware</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Hill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beryl Cummings</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taru Tukiainen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Birnbaum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack Kosmicki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laramie Duncan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karol Estrada</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fengmei Zhao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Zou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emma Pierce-Hoffman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanne Berghout</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Cooper</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicole Deflaux</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark DePristo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ron Do</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason Flannick</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menachem Fromer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura Gauthier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackie Goldstein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namrata Gupta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Howrigan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Kiezun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitja Kurki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ami Levy Moonshine</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradeep Natarajan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorena Orozco</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gina Peloso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan Poplin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel Rivas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentin Ruano-Rubio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel Rose</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted mutations on 3D hub loci alter spatial interaction environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many disease-related genotype variations (GVs) reside in non-gene coding regions and the mechanisms of their association with diseases are largely unknown. A possible impact of GVs on disease formation is to alter the spatial organization of chromosome. However, the relationship between GVs and 3D genome structure has not been studied at the chromosome scale. The kilobase resolution of chromosomal structures measured by Hi-C have provided an unprecedented opportunity to tackle this problem. Here we proposed a network-based method to capture global properties of the chromosomal structure. We uncovered that genome organization is scale free and the genomic loci interacting with many other loci in space, termed as hubs, are critical for stabilizing local chromosomal structure. Importantly, we found that cancer-specific GVs target hubs to drastically alter the local chromosomal interactions. These analyses revealed the general principles of 3D genome organization and provided a new direction to pinpoint genotype variations in non-coding regions that are critical for disease formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bo Ding</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lina Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Medovoy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted mutations on 3D hub loci alter spatial interaction environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of corticosteroid specificity for human, chicken, alligator and frog glucocorticoid receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigated the evolution of the response of human, chicken, alligator and frog glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) to dexamethasone, cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and aldosterone. We find significant differences among these vertebrates in the transcriptional activation of their full length GRs by these steroids, indicating that there were changes in the specificity of the GR for steroids during the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates. To begin to study the role of interactions between different domains on the GR in steroid sensitivity and specificity for terrestrial GRs, we investigated transcriptional activation of truncated GRs containing their hinge domain and ligand binding domain (LBD) fused to a GAL4 DNA binding domain (GAL4 DBD). Compared to corresponding full length GRs, transcriptional activation of GAL4 DBD-GR hinge/LBD constructs required higher steroid concentrations and displayed altered steroid specificity, indicating that interactions between the hinge/LBD and other domains are important in glucocorticoid activation of these terrestrial GRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoshinao Katsu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satomi Kohno</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaori Oka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael E Baker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/036665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of corticosteroid specificity for human, chicken, alligator and frog glucocorticoid receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Best Practices in Docking and Activity Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the last decade we witnessed how computational docking methods became a crucial tool in the search for new drug candidates. The  central dogma of small molecule docking is that compounds that dock correctly into the receptor are more likely to display biological activity than those that do not dock. This  dogma, however, possesses multiple twists and turns that may not be obvious to novice dockers. The first premise is that the compounds must dock; this implies: (i) availability of data, (ii) realistic representation of the chemical entities in a form that can be understood by the computer and the software, and, (iii) exhaustive sampling of the protein-ligand conformational space. The second premise is that, after the sampling, all docking solutions must be ranked correctly with a score representing the physico-chemical foundations of binding. The third premise is that  correctness must be defined unambiguously, usually by comparison with  static experimental data (or lack thereof). Each of these premises involves some degree of simplification of reality, and overall loss in the accuracy of the docking predictions.nnIn this chapter we will revise our latest experiences in receptor-based docking when dealing with all three above-mentioned issues. First, we will explain the theoretical foundation of ICM docking, along with a brief explanation on how we measure performance. Second, we will contextualize ICM by showing its performance in single and multiple receptor conformation schemes with the Directory of Useful Decoys (DUD) and the Pocketome. Third, we will describe which strategies we are using to represent protein plasticity, like using multiple crystallographic structures or Monte Carlo (MC) and Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) sampling methods, emphasizing how to overcome the associated pitfalls (e.g., increased number of false positives). In the last section, we will describe ALiBERO, a new tool that is helping us to improve the discriminative power of X-ray structures and homology models in screening campaigns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manuel Rueda</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruben Abagyan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/039446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Best Practices in Docking and Activity Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tunable bet hedging in yeast responses to osmotic stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/039982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes limit risk by stochastic bet hedging - low frequency expression of less fit, slow growing cells constitutively preadapted against many stresses including antibiotics. By contrast, here we report continuous variation in the induced frequency of cells with slow osmotic stress signaling, survival and proliferation among 50 ecologically-distinct strains of budding yeast challenged by sudden hyperosmotic stress. Despite extensive variation in early mortality, strains displayed robust perfect adaptation and recovery of steady-state viability in moderate stress. In severe stress survival depended on strain-specific proportions of cells with divergent strategies.  Cautious cells survived without dividing;  reckless cells attempted to divide too soon and failed, killing both mother and daughter. We show that heritable frequencies of cautious and reckless cells produce a rapidly diversifying template for microbial bet hedging that mimics natural variation in stress responses whose timing, amplitude and frequency could evolve - be  tuned by - different patterns of environmental stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoshikazu Hirate</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel Bottani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyming Lee Pang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzannah Rutherford</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/039982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tunable bet hedging in yeast responses to osmotic stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combating Chagas Disease Through Inhibition of Tiam1, a Rho GTPase Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chagas disease is a major cardiovascular affliction primarily endemic to Latin American countries, affecting some ten to twelve million people worldwide. The currently available drugs, Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, are ineffective in the chronic stages and induce severe side effects. In an attempt to improve this situation we use an in silico drug repurposing strategy to correlate drug-protein interactions with positive clinical outcomes. The strategy involves a protein functional site similarity search, along with computational docking studies and, given the findings, a phosphatidylinositol (PIP) strip test to determine the activity of Posaconazole, a recently developed antifungal triazole, in conjunction with Tiam1, a Rho GTPase Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor. The results from both computational and in vitro studies indicate possible inhibition of phosphoinositides via Posaconazole, preventing Rho GTPase-induced proliferation of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas Disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chirag Krishna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li Xie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip Bourne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celine DerMarderossian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/040121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combating Chagas Disease Through Inhibition of Tiam1, a Rho GTPase Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A contribution of novel CNVs to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, apart from a small number of risk variants, elucidation of the CNV contribution to risk has been difficult due to the rarity of risk alleles, all occurring in less than 1% of cases. We sought to address this obstacle through a collaborative effort in which we applied a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. We observed a global enrichment of CNV burden in cases (OR=1.11, P=5.7e-15), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR=1.07, P=1.7e-6). CNV burden is also enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8e-11) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P=7.3e-5). We identified genome-wide significant support for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. We find support at a suggestive level for nine additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consist predominantly of CNVs mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christian Marshall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Howrigan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniele Merico</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenting Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas Greer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Antaki</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aniket Shetty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Holmans</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalila Pinto</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhusudan Gujral</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Brandler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dheeraj Malholtra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhouzhi Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin Fuentes Fajarado</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan Ripke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingrid Agartz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esben Agerbo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margot Albus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madeline Alexander</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farooq Amin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua Atkins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silviu Bacanu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Belliveau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah Bergen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcelo Bertalan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizabeth Bevilacqua</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tim Bigdeli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donald Black</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Bruggeman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nancy Buccola</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randy Buckner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brendan Bulik-Sullivan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Byerley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiepke Cahn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guiqing Cai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray Cairns</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominique Campion</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rita Ca</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/040493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A contribution of novel CNVs to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microarray analysis identifies malignant field signatures in biopsy samples at diagnosis predicting the likelihood of lethal disease in patients with localized Gleason 6 and 7 prostate cancer. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Overtreatment of early-stage low-risk prostate cancer patients represents a significant problem in disease management and has significant socio-economic implications. Development of genetic and molecular markers of clinically significant disease in patients diagnosed with low grade localized prostate cancer would have a major impact in disease management. A gene expression signature (GES) is reported for lethal prostate cancer in biopsy specimens obtained at the time of diagnosis from patients with Gleason 6 and Gleason 7 tumors in a Swedish watchful waiting cohort with up to 30 years follow-up. A 98-genes GES identified 89% and 100% of all death events 4 years after diagnosis in Gleason 7 and Gleason 6 patients, respectively; at 6 years follow-up, 83% and 100% of all deaths events were captured in Gleason 7 and Gleason 6 patients, respectively. Remarkably, the 98-genes GES appears to perform successfully in patients stratification with as little as 2% of cancer cells in a specimen, strongly indicating that it captures a malignant field effect in human prostates harboring cancer cells of different degrees of aggressiveness. In Gleason 6 and Gleason 7 tumors from prostate cancer patients of age 65 or younger, GES identified 86% of all death events during the entire follow-up period. In Gleason 6 and Gleason 7 tumors from prostate cancer patients of age 70 or younger, GES identified 90% of all death events 6 years after diagnosis. Classification performance of the reported in this study 98-genes GES of lethal prostate cancer appeared suitable to meet design and feasibility requirements of a prospective 4 to 6 years clinical trial, which is essential for regulatory approval of diagnostic and prognostic tests in clinical setting. Prospectively validated GES of lethal PC in biopsy specimens of Gleason 6 and Gleason 7 tumors will help physicians to identify, at the time of diagnosis, patients who should be considered for exclusion from active surveillance programs and who would most likely benefit from immediate curative interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gennadi Glinsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/040519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microarray analysis identifies malignant field signatures in biopsy samples at diagnosis predicting the likelihood of lethal disease in patients with localized Gleason 6 and 7 prostate cancer.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/042937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical cortical transcriptome disorganization in autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/042937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are etiologically heterogeneous and complex. Functional genomics work has begun to identify a diverse array of dysregulated transcriptomic programs (e.g., synaptic, immune, cell cycle, DNA damage, WNT signaling, cortical patterning and differentiation) potentially involved in ASD brain abnormalities during childhood and adulthood. However, it remains unclear whether such diverse dysregulated pathways are independent of each other or instead reflect coordinated hierarchical systems-level pathology.nnMethodsTwo ASD cortical transcriptome datasets were re-analyzed using consensus weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify common coexpression modules across datasets. Linear mixed-effect models and Bayesian replication statistics were used to identify replicable differentially expressed modules. Eigengene network analysis was then utilized to identify between-group differences in how co-expression modules interact and cluster into hierarchical meta-modular organization. Protein-protein interaction analyses were also used to determine whether dysregulated co-expression modules show enhanced interactions.nnResultsWe find replicable evidence for 10 gene co-expression modules that are differentially expressed in ASD cortex. Rather than being independent non-interacting sources of pathology, these dysregulated co-expression modules work in synergy and physically interact at the protein level. These systems-level transcriptional signals are characterized by downregulation of synaptic processes coordinated with upregulation of immune/inflammation, response to other organism, catabolism, viral processes, translation, protein targeting and localization, cell proliferation, and vasculature development. Hierarchical organization of meta-modules (clusters of highly correlated modules) is also highly affected in ASD.nnConclusionsThese findings highlight that dysregulation of the ASD cortical transcriptome is characterized by the dysregulation of multiple coordinated transcriptional programs producing synergistic systems-level effects that cannot be fully appreciated by studying the individual component biological processes in isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael V Lombardo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Courchesne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan E Lewis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiziano Pramparo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/042937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical cortical transcriptome disorganization in autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A method for downstream analysis of gene set enrichment results facilitates the biological interpretation of vaccine efficacy studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is a widely employed method for analyzing gene expression profiles. The approach uses annotated sets of genes, identifies those that are coordinately up- or down-regulated in a biological comparison of interest, and thereby elucidates underlying biological processes relevant to the comparison. As the number of gene sets available in various collections for enrichment analysis has grown, the resulting lists of significant differentially regulated gene sets may also become larger, leading to the need for additional downstream analysis of GSEA results. Here we present a method that allows the rapid identification of a small number of co-regulated groups of genes - "leading edge metagenes" (LEMs) - from high scoring sets in GSEA results. LEM are sub-signatures which are common to multiple gene sets and that "explain" their enrichment specific to the experimental dataset of interest. We show that LEMs contain more refined lists of context-dependent and biologically meaningful genes than the parental gene sets. LEM analysis of the human vaccine response using a large database of immune signatures identified core biological processes induced by five different vaccines in datasets from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Further study of these biological processes over time following vaccination showed that at day 3 post-vaccination, vaccines derived from viruses or viral subunits exhibit patterns of biological processes that are distinct from protein conjugate vaccines; however, by day 7 these differences were less pronounced. This suggests that the immune response to diverse vaccines eventually converge to a common transcriptional response. LEM analysis can significantly reduce the dimensionality of enriched gene sets, improve the identification of core biological processes active in a comparison of interest, and simplify the biological interpretation of GSEA results.nnAuthor SummaryGenome-wide expression profiling is a widely used tool to identify biological mechanisms in a comparison of interest. One analytic method, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) uses annotated sets of genes and identifies those that are coordinately up- or down-regulated in a biological comparison of interest. This approach capitalizes on the fact that alternations in biological processes often cause the coordinated change of a large number of genes. However, as the number of gene sets available in various collections for enrichment analysis has grown, the resulting lists of significant differentially regulated gene sets may also become larger, leading to the need for additional downstream analysis of GSEA results. Here we present a method that allows the identification of a small number of co-regulated groups of genes - "leading edge metagenes" (LEMs) - from high scoring sets in GSEA results. We show that LEMs contain more refined lists of context-dependent biologically meaningful genes than the parental gene sets and demonstrate the utility of this approach in analyzing the transcriptional response to vaccination. LEM analysis can significantly reduce the dimensionality of enriched gene sets, improve the identification of core biological processes active in a comparison of interest, and facilitate the biological interpretation of GSEA results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan Tan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernej Godec</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo Tamayo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jill P Mesirov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W Nicholas Haining</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/043158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A method for downstream analysis of gene set enrichment results facilitates the biological interpretation of vaccine efficacy studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Finding De novo methylated DNA motifs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/043810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing evidence has shown that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as methylation and hydroxymethylation on cytosine would greatly impact the binding of transcription factors (TFs). However, there is a lack of motif finding algorithms with the function to search for motifs with PTMs. In this study, we expend on our previous motif finding pipeline Epigram to provide systematic de novo motif discovery and performance evaluation on methylated DNA motifs. Using the tool, we were able to identified methylated motifs in Arabidopsis DAP-seq data that were previously demonstrated to contain such motifs1. When applied to TF ChIP-seq and DNA methylome data in H1 and GM12878, our method successfully identified novel methylated motifs that can be recognized by the TFs or their co-factors. We also observed spacing constraint between the canonical motif of the TF and the newly discovered methylated motifs, which suggests operative recognition of these cis-elements by collaborative proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vu Ngo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/043810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Finding De novo methylated DNA motifs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing pseudo-linear models of responses to natural scenes in primate retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal of systems neuroscience is to develop accurate quantitative models of how neural circuits process information. Prevalent models of light response in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) usually begin with linear filtering over space and time, which reduces the high-dimensional visual stimulus to a simpler and more tractable scalar function of time that in turn determines the model output. Although these pseudo-linear models can accurately replicate RGC responses to stochastic stimuli, it is unclear whether the strong linearity assumption captures the function of the retina in the natural environment. This paper tests how accurately one pseudo-linear model, the generalized linear model (GLM), explains the responses of primate RGCs to naturalistic visual stimuli. Light responses from macaque RGCs were obtained using large-scale multi-electrode recordings, and two major cell types, ON and OFF parasol, were examined. Visual stimuli consisted of images of natural environments with simulated saccadic and fixational eye movements. The GLM accurately reproduced RGC responses to white noise stimuli, as observed previously, but did not generalize to predict RGC responses to naturalistic stimuli. It also failed to capture RGC responses when fitted and tested with naturalistic stimuli alone. Fitted scalar nonlinearities before and after the linear filtering stage were insufficient to correct the failures. These findings suggest that retinal signaling under natural conditions cannot be captured by models that begin with linear filtering, and emphasize the importance of additional spatial nonlinearities, gain control, and/or peripheral effects in the first stage of visual processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexander Heitman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nora Brackbill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Greschner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander Sher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alan M. Litke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>E.J. Chichilnisky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/045336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing pseudo-linear models of responses to natural scenes in primate retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zfp423 regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling via primary cilium function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zfp423 encodes a 30-zinc finger transcription factor that intersects several canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations result in ciliopathy-related phenotypes, including agenesis of the cerebellar vermis in mice and Joubert syndrome (JBTS19) and nephronophthisis (NPHP14) in humans. Unlike most ciliopathy genes, Zfp423 encodes a nuclear protein and its developmental expression is complex, leading to alternative proposals for cellular mechanisms. Here we show that Zfp423 is expressed by cerebellar granule cell precursors, that loss of Zfp423 in these precursors leads to cell-intrinsic reduction in proliferation, loss of response to Shh, and primary cilia abnormalities that include diminished frequency of both Smoothened and IFT88 localization. Loss of Zfp423 alters expression of several genes encoding key cilium components, including increased expression of Tulp3. Tulp3 is a direct binding target of Zfp423 and reducing the overexpression of Tulp3 in Zfp423-deficient cells suppresses Smoothened translocation defects. These results define Zfp423 deficiency as a bona fide ciliopathy, acting upstream of Shh signaling, and indicate a mechanism intrinsic to granule cell precursors for the resulting cerebellar hypoplasia.nnAuthor SummaryCiliopathies are a broad group of individually rare genetic disorders that share overlapping phenotypes and mutations in genes that make components of the primary cilium. Mutations in ZNF423 are an exception. Patients and mouse models show characteristic hypoplasia of the cerebellar midline (Joubert syndrome), but the gene encodes a nuclear transcription factor. The mouse gene, Zfp423, is expressed in a dynamic developmental pattern, leaving the cellular mechanism for this brain malformation unresolved. One report suggested reduced Purkinje cell expression of Shh, a key mitogen for cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) whose signal transduction occurs at the primary cilium, as the key event. We show that Zfp423 mutants expressed normal Shh levels, but that Zfp423-depleted GCPs were unable to respond. Primary cilia on Zfp423-mutant GCPs in situ typically had a wider base and longer extension. ZNF423-depletion in a human cell culture model resulted in defective translocation of Smoothened, a key event in Shh signaling, and of the intraflagellar transport protein IFT88. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR experiments identified known ciliopathy genes as potential conserved targets of ZNF423 and Zfp423. One of these, TULP3, was both up-regulated in ZNF423/Zfp423-deficient cells and directly bound by Zfp423 in granule cell precursors. Reversing the overexpression of TULP3 in ZNF423-depleted human cell culture model reversed the defect in Smoothened translocation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>CHEN-JEI HONG</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce A. Hamilton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/046961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zfp423 regulates Sonic hedgehog signaling via primary cilium function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assembly of Long Error-Prone Reads Using de Bruijn Graphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent breakthroughs in assembling long error-prone reads (such as reads generated by Single Molecule Real Time technology) were based on the overlap-layout-consensus approach and did not utilize the strengths of the alternative de Bruijn graph approach to genome assembly. Moreover, these studies often assume that applications of the de Bruijn graph approach are limited to short and accurate reads and that the overlap-layout-consensus approach is the only practical paradigm for assembling long error-prone reads. Below we show how to generalize de Bruijn graphs to assemble long error-prone reads and describe the ABruijn assembler, which results in more accurate genome reconstructions than the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu Lin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey Yuan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhail Kolmogorov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Max W. Shen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavel A. Pevzner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assembly of Long Error-Prone Reads Using de Bruijn Graphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
plasmidSPAdes: Assembling Plasmids from Whole Genome Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationPlasmids are stably maintained extra-chromosomal genetic elements that replicate independently from the host cells chromosomes. Although plasmids harbor biomedically important genes, (such as genes involved in virulence and antibiotics resistance), there is a shortage of specialized software tools for extracting and assembling plasmid data from whole genome sequencing projects.nnResultsWe present the plasmidSPAdes algorithm and software tool for assembling plasmids from whole genome sequencing data and benchmark its performance on a diverse set of bacterial genomes.nnAvailability and implementationO_SCPCAPPLASMIDC_SCPCAPSPAO_SCPCAPDESC_SCPCAP is publicly available at http://spades.bioinf.spbau.ru/plasmidSPAdes/nnContactd.antipov@spbu.ru
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dmitry Antipov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan Hartwick</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Max Shen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhail Raiko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alla Lapidus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavel Pevzner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[plasmidSPAdes: Assembling Plasmids from Whole Genome Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/049205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Omics Discovery Index - Discovering and Linking Public Omics Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/049205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomedical data, in particular omics datasets are being generated at an unprecedented rate. This is due to the falling costs of generating experimental data, improved accuracy and better accessibility to different omics platforms such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics1,2. As a result, the number of deposited datasets in public repositories originating from various omics approaches has increased dramatically in recent years. With strong support from scientific journals and funders, public data sharing is increasingly considered to be a good scientific practice, facilitating the confirmation of original results, increasing the reproducibility of the analyses, enabling the exploration of new or related hypotheses, and fostering the identification of potential errors, discouraging fraud3. This increase in public data deposition of omics results is a good starting point, but opens up a series of new challenges. For example the research community must now find more efficient ways for storing, organizing and providing access to biomedical data across platforms. These challenges range from achieving a common representation framework for the datasets and the associated metadata from different omics fields, to the availability of efficient methods, protocols and file formats for data exchange between multiple repositories. Therefore, there is a great need for development of new platforms and applications to make possible to search datasets across different omics fields, making such information accessible to the end-user. The FAIR paradigm describes a set of guiding principles to address many of these issues, and aims to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable(https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yasset Perez-Riverol</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingze Bai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felipe Leprevost</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvano Squizzato</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young Mi Park</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ove Kenneth Haug</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam J. Carroll</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dylan Spalding</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin Paschall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingxun Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noemi del-Toro</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobias Ternent</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicola Buso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuno Bandeira</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Deutsch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David S. Campbell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronald C. Beavis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reza Salek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexey Nesvizhskii</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanna-Assunta Sansone</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoph Steinbeck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigo Lopez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juan Antonio Vizcaino</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peipei Ping</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henning Hermjakob</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/049205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Omics Discovery Index - Discovering and Linking Public Omics Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/049304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonsinusoidal oscillations underlie pathological phase-amplitude coupling in the motor cortex in Parkinson’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/049304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is associated with abnormal beta oscillations (13-30 Hz) in the basal ganglia and motor cortex (M1). Recent reports show that M1 beta-high gamma (50-200 Hz) phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is exaggerated in PD and is reduced following acute deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here we analyze invasive M1 electrocorticography recordings in PD patients on and off DBS, and in isolated cervical dystonia patients, and show that M1 beta oscillations are nonsinusoidal, having sharp and asymmetric features. These sharp oscillatory beta features underlie the previously reported PAC, providing an alternative to the standard interpretation of PAC as an interaction between two distinct frequency components. Specifically, the ratio between peak and trough sharpness is nearly perfectly correlated with beta-high gamma PAC (r = 0.96) and predicts PD-related motor deficit. Using a simulation of the local field potential, we demonstrate that sharp oscillatory waves can arise from synchronous synaptic activity. We propose that exaggerated beta-high gamma PAC may actually reflect such synchronous synaptic activity, manifesting as sharp beta oscillations that are "smoothed out" with DBS. These results support the "desynchronization" hypothesis of DBS wherein DBS counteracts pathological synchronization throughout the basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop. We argue that PAC can be influenced by more than one mechanism. In this case synaptic synchrony, rather than the often assumed spike-field coherence, may underlie exaggerated PAC. These often overlooked temporal features of the oscillatory waveform carry critical physiological information about neural processes and dynamics that may lead to better understanding of underlying neuropathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott R Cole</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erik J Peterson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roemer van der Meij</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coralie de Hemptinne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip A Starr</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley Voytek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/049304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonsinusoidal oscillations underlie pathological phase-amplitude coupling in the motor cortex in Parkinson’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/050484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane tension is a key determinant of bud morphology in clathrin-mediated endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/050484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A critical step in cellular trafficking pathways is the budding of membranes by protein coats, which recent experiments have demonstrated can be inhibited by elevated membrane tension. The robustness of processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) across a diverse range of organisms and mechanical environments suggests that the protein machinery in this process has evolved to take advantage of some set of physical design principles to ensure robust vesiculation against opposing forces like membrane tension. Using a theoretical model for membrane mechanics and membrane protein interaction, we have systematically investigated the influence of membrane rigidity, curvature induced by the protein coat, area covered by the protein coat, membrane tension and force from actin polymerization on bud formation. Under low tension, the membrane smoothly evolves from a flat to budded morphology as the coat area or spontaneous curvature increases, whereas the membrane remains essentially flat at high tensions. At intermediate, physiologically relevant, tensions, the membrane undergoes a snapthrough instability in which small changes in the coat area, spontaneous curvature or membrane tension cause the membrane to "snap" from an open, U-shape to a closed bud. This instability can be smoothed out by increasing the bending rigidity of the coat, allowing for successful budding at higher membrane tensions. Additionally, applied force from actin polymerization can bypass the instability by inducing a smooth transition from an open to a closed bud. Finally, a combination of increased coat rigidity and force from actin polymerization enables robust vesiculation even at high membrane tensions.nnSignificance statementPlasma membrane tension plays an important role in various biological processes. In particular, recent experimental studies have shown that membrane tension inhibits membrane budding processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We have identified a mathematical relationship between the curvature-generating capability of the protein coat and membrane tension that can predict whether the coat alone is sufficient to produce closed buds. Additionally, we show that a combination of increased coat rigidity and applied force from actin polymerization can produce closed buds at high membrane tensions. These findings are general to any membrane budding process, suggesting that biology has evolved to take advantage of a set of physical design principles to ensure robust vesicle formation across a range of organisms and mechanical environments.nnAuthor ContributionsJ.E.H., G.O., and P.R. designed research. J.E.H. performed research. J.E.H., D.G.D., and P.R. analyzed data. J.E.H., G.O., D.G.D., and P.R. wrote the paper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Julian E. Hassinger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Oster</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David G. Drubin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmini Rangamani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/050484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane tension is a key determinant of bud morphology in clathrin-mediated endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/050641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subiculum neurons map the current axis of travel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/050641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Travel constrained to paths, a common navigational context, demands knowledge of spatial relationships between routes, their components, and their positioning in the larger environment. During traversal of an environment composed of multiple interconnected paths, a subpopulation of subiculum neurons robustly encoded the animals current axis of travel. The firing of these axis-tuned neurons peaked bimodally at head orientations approximately 180 degrees apart. Track rotation experiments revealed that axis encoding carried the spatial reference frame of the larger environment as opposed to the track itself. However, axis-tuned activity of the same subpopulation was largely absent during unconstrained movement about a circular arena. Thus, during navigation in a path-rich environment, subpopulations of subiculum neurons encode the animals current axis of travel relative to environmental boundaries - providing a powerful mechanism for mapping of specific relationships between routes, route components, and the larger environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jacob M Olson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanyanat Tongprasearth</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas M Nitz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/050641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subiculum neurons map the current axis of travel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced spatial integration in the ventral visual cortex underlies face recognition deficits in developmental prosopagnosia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is characterized by deficits in face recognition without gross brain abnormalities. However, the neural basis of DP is not well understood. We measured population receptive fields (pRFs) in ventral visual cortex of DPs and typical adults to assess the contribution of spatial integration to face processing. While DPs showed typical retinotopic organization of ventral visual cortex and normal pRF sizes in early visual areas, we found significantly reduced pRF sizes in face-selective regions and in intermediate areas hV4 and VO1. Across both typicals and DPs, face recognition ability correlated positively with pRF size in both face-selective regions and VO1, whereby participants with larger pRFs perform better. However, face recognition ability is correlated with both pRF size and ROI volume only in face-selective regions. These findings suggest that smaller pRF sizes in DP may reflect a deficit in spatial integration affecting holistic processing required for face recognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nathaniel Witthoft</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonia Poltoratski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai Nguyen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golijeh Golarai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alina Liberman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karen F LaRocque</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mary E Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalanit Grill-Spector</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/051102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced spatial integration in the ventral visual cortex underlies face recognition deficits in developmental prosopagnosia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Separating spandrels from phenotypic targets of selection in adaptive molecular evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are many examples of adaptive molecular evolution in natural populations, but there is no existing method to verify which phenotypic changes were directly targeted by selection. The problem is that correlations between traits make it difficult to distinguish between direct and indirect selection. A phenotype is a direct target of selection when that trait in particular was shaped by selection to better perform a function. An indirect target of selection, also known as an evolutionary spandrel, is a phenotype that changes only because it is correlated with another trait under direct selection. Studies that mutate genes and examine the phenotypic consequences are increasingly common, and these experiments could estimate the mutational accessibility of the phenotypic changes that arise during an instance of adaptive molecular evolution. Under indirect selection, we expect phenotypes to evolve toward states that are more accessible by mutation. Deviation from this null expectation (evolution toward a phenotypic state rarely produced by mutation) would be compelling evidence of adaptation, and could be used to distinguish direct selection from indirect selection on correlated traits. To be practical, this molecular test of adaptation requires phenotypic differences that are caused by changes in a small number of genes. These kinds of genetically simple traits have been observed in many empirical studies of adaptive evolution. Here we describe how to use mutational accessibility to separate spandrels from direct targets of selection and thus verify adaptive hypotheses for phenotypes that evolve by adaptive molecular changes at one or a few genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevan A Springer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Manhart</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre V Morozov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/051862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Separating spandrels from phenotypic targets of selection in adaptive molecular evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Corticosteroid and progesterone transactivation of mineralocorticoid receptors from Amur sturgeon and tropical gar 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The response to a panel of steroids by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) from Amur sturgeon and tropical gar, two basal ray-finned fish, expressed in HEK293 cells was investigated. Half-maximal responses (EC50s) for transcriptional activation of sturgeon MR by 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol and aldosterone, and progesterone were between 13 pM and 150 pM. For gar MR, EC50s were between 8 pM and 55 pM. Such low EC50s support physiological regulation by these steroids of the MR in sturgeon and gar. Companion studies with human MR and zebrafish MR found higher EC50s compared to EC50s for sturgeon and gar MR, with EC50s for zebrafish MR closer to gar and sturgeon MR than was human MR. For zebrafish MR, EC50s were between 75 pM and 740 pM; for human MR, EC50s were between 65 pM and 2 nM. In addition to progesterone, spironolactone and 19nor-progesterone were agonists for all three fish MRs, in contrast to their antagonist activity for human MR, which is hypothesized to involve serine-810 in human MR because all three steroids are agonists for a mutant human Ser810Leu-MR. Paradoxically, sturgeon, gar and zebrafish MRs contain a serine corresponding to serine-810 in human MR. Our data suggests alternative mechanism(s) for progesterone, spironolactone and 19nor-progesterone as MR agonists in these three ray-finned fishes and the need for caution in applying data for progesterone signaling in zebrafish to human physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akira Sugimoto</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaori Oka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rui Sato</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinji Adachi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael E. Baker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshinao Katsu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Corticosteroid and progesterone transactivation of mineralocorticoid receptors from Amur sturgeon and tropical gar]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transformation of Independent Oscillatory Inputs into Temporally Precise Rate Codes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex behaviors demand temporal coordination among functionally distinct brain regions. The basal forebrains afferent and efferent structure suggests a capacity for mediating such coordination. During performance of a selective attention task, synaptic activity in this region was dominated by four amplitude-independent oscillations temporally organized by the phase of the slowest, a theta rhythm. Further, oscillatory amplitudes were precisely organized by task epoch and a robust input/output transform, from synchronous synaptic activity to spiking rates of basal forebrain neurons, was identified. For many neurons, spiking was temporally organized as phase precessing sequences against theta band field potential oscillations. Remarkably, theta phase precession advanced in parallel to task progression, rather than absolute spatial location or time. Together, the findings reveal a process by which associative brain regions can integrate independent oscillatory inputs and transform them into sequence-specific, rate-coded outputs that are adaptive to the pace with which organisms interact with their environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David Tingley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Alexander</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laleh Quinn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Chiba</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas Nitz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transformation of Independent Oscillatory Inputs into Temporally Precise Rate Codes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scanning the Horizon: challenges and solutions for neuroimaging research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional neuroimaging techniques have transformed our ability to probe the neurobiological basis of behaviour and are increasingly being applied by the wider neuroscience community. However, concerns have recently been raised that the conclusions drawn from some human neuroimaging studies are either spurious or not generalizable. Problems such as low statistical power, flexibility in data analysis, software errors, and lack of direct replication apply to many fields, but perhaps particularly to fMRI. Here we discuss these problems, outline current and suggested best practices, and describe how we think the field should evolve to produce the most meaningful answers to neuroscientific questions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russell Poldrack</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chris I Baker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joke Durnez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krzysztof Gorgolewski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul M Matthews</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcus Munafo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas Nichols</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Baptiste Poline</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward Vul</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tal Yarkoni</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/059188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scanning the Horizon: challenges and solutions for neuroimaging research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/060756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No evidence for phylostratigraphic bias impacting inferences on patterns of gene emergence and evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/060756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylostratigraphy is a computational framework for dating the emergence of sequences (usually genes) in a phylogeny. It has been extensively applied to make inferences on patterns of genome evolution, including patterns of disease gene evolution, ontogeny and de novo gene origination. Phylostratigraphy typically relies on BLAST searches along a species tree, but new simulation studies have raised concerns about the ability of BLAST to detect remote homologues and its impact on phylostratigraphic inferences. These simulations called into question some of our previously published work on patterns of gene emergence and evolution inferred from phylostratigraphy. Here, we re-assessed these simulations and found major problems including unrealistic parameter choices, irreproducibility, statistical flaws and partial representation of results. We found that, even with a possible overall BLAST false negative rate between 5-15%, the large majority (>74%) of sequences assigned to a recent evolutionary origin by phylostratigraphy is unaffected by technical concerns about BLAST. Where the results of the simulations did cast doubt on our previous findings, we repeated our analyses but now excluded all questionable sequences. The originally described patterns remained essentially unchanged. These new analyses strongly support our published inferences, including: genes that emerged after the origin of eukaryotes are more likely to be expressed in the ectoderm than in the endoderm or mesoderm in Drosophila, and the de novo emergence of protein-coding genes from non-genic sequences occurs through proto-gene intermediates in yeast. We conclude that BLAST is an appropriate and sufficiently sensitive tool in phylostratigraphic analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tomislav Domazet-Loso</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne-Ruxanda Carvunis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Mar Alba</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matin S Sestak</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Bakaric</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafik Neme</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diethard Tautz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/060756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No evidence for phylostratigraphic bias impacting inferences on patterns of gene emergence and evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the diagnostic utility of applying a machine learning algorithm to diffusion tensor MRI measures in individuals with major depressive disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using MRI to diagnose mental disorders has been a long-term goal. Despite this, the vast majority of prior neuroimaging work has been descriptive rather than predictive. The current study applies support vector machine (SVM) learning to MRI measures of brain white matter to classify adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. In a precisely matched group of individuals with MDD (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25), SVM learning accurately (70%) classified patients and controls across a brain map of white matter fractional anisotropy values (FA). The study revealed three main findings: 1) SVM applied to DTI derived FA maps can accurately classify MDD vs. healthy controls; 2) prediction is strongest when only right hemisphere white matter is examined; and 3) removing FA values from a region identified by univariate contrast as significantly different between MDD and healthy controls does not change the SVM accuracy. These results indicate that SVM learning applied to neuroimaging data can classify the presence versus absence of MDD and that predictive information is distributed across brain networks rather than being highly localized. Finally, MDD group differences revealed through typical univariate contrasts do not necessarily reveal patterns that provide accurate predictive information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David M Schnyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter G Clasen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher Gonzalez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher G Beevers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/061119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the diagnostic utility of applying a machine learning algorithm to diffusion tensor MRI measures in individuals with major depressive disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preparatory encoding of the fine scale of human spatial attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our attentional focus is constantly shifting: in one moment our vision may be intently concentrated on a specific spot, while in another moment we might spread our attention more broadly. While much is known about the mechanisms by which we shift our visual attention from place to place, relatively little is know about how we shift the aperture of attention from more narrowly-to more broadly-focused. Here we introduce a novel attentional distribution task to examine the neural mechanisms underlying this process. In this task, participants are presented with an informative cue that indicates the location of an upcoming target. This cue can be perfectly predictive of the exact target location, or it can indicate--with varying degrees of certainty--approximately where the target might appear. This cue is followed by a preparatory period in which there is nothing on the screen except a central fixation cross. Using scalp EEG, we examined neural activity during this preparatory period. We find that with decreasing certainty regarding the precise location of the impending target, participant response times increased while target identification accuracy decreased. Additionally, N1 amplitude in response to the cue parametrically increased with spatial certainty while the multivariate pattern of preparatory period visual cortical alpha (8-12 Hz) activity encoded attentional distribution. Both of these electrophysiological parameters were predictive of behavioral performance nearly one second later. These results offer insight into the neural mechanisms underlying how we use information to guide our attentional distribution, and how that influences behavior.nnAuthors contributionsB.V. and A.G. conceived of the study; B.V. and A.G. designed the experimental task; B.V. and J.S. analyzed the EEG data; B.V., J.S., Z.G., N.G., S.P., T.K., S.R., and R.M. collected and analyzed behavioral data; all co-authors assisted in writing the manuscript.nnB.V. is funded by an NIH IRACDA (Institutional Research and Academic Career Development Award), a University of California Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship, the University of California, San Diego CalIt2 Strategic Research Opportunities Program, and a Sloan Research Fellowship. A.G. is funded by the National Institutes of Health Grant R01-AG30395.nnSignificant StatementAnimals--including humans--frequently shift their visual attentional focus more narrowly or broadly depending on expectations. For example, a predator feline may focus their visual attention on a burrow hole, waiting for their prey to emerge. In contrast, a grizzly bear hunting salmon doesn't know precisely where the fish will jump out of the water, so it must spread its attention more broadly. In a series of novel experiments, we show that this broadening of attention comes at a behavioral cost. We find that multivariate changes in preparatory visual cortical oscillatory alpha (8-12 Hz) encode attentional distribution. These results shed light on the potential neural mechanisms by which preparatory information is used to guide attentional focus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradley Voytek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason Samaha</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camarin E Rolle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachery Greenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navdeep Gill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shai Porat</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahim Kader</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabahat Rahman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rick Malzyner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Gazzaley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/061259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preparatory encoding of the fine scale of human spatial attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/064329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of single cell RNA-seq normalization methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/064329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have assessed the performance of seven normalization methods for single cell RNA-seq using data generated from dilution of RNA samples. Our analyses showed that methods considering spike-in ERCC RNA molecules significantly outperformed those not considering ERCCs. This work provides a guidance of selecting normalization methods to remove technical noise in single cell RNA-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bo Ding</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lina Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/064329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of single cell RNA-seq normalization methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/064683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal immune activation dysregulation of the fetal brain transcriptome and relevance to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/064683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maternal immune activation (MIA) via infection during pregnancy is known to increase risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear how MIA disrupts fetal brain gene expression in ways that may explain this increased risk. Here we examine how MIA dysregulates fetal brain gene expression near the end of the first trimester of human gestation in ways relevant to ASD-associated pathophysiology. MIA downregulates expression of ASD-associated genes, with the largest enrichments in genes known to harbor rare highly penetrant mutations. MIA also downregulates expression of many genes also known to be persistently downregulated in ASD cortex later in life and which are canonically known for roles in affecting prenatally-late developmental processes at the synapse. Transcriptional and translational programs that are downstream targets of highly ASD-penetrant FMR1 and CHD8 genes are also heavily affected by MIA. MIA strongly upregulates expression of a large number of genes involved in translation initiation, cell cycle, DNA damage, and proteolysis processes that affect multiple key neural developmental functions. Upregulation of translation initiation is common to and preserved in gene network structure with the ASD cortical transcriptome throughout life and has downstream impact on cell cycle processes. The cap-dependent translation initiation gene, EIF4E, is one of the most MIA-dysregulated of all ASD-associated genes and targeted network analyses demonstrate prominent MIA-induced transcriptional dysregulation of mTOR and EIF4E-dependent signaling. This dysregulation of translation initiation via alteration of the Tsc2-mTor-Eif4e-axis was further validated across MIA rodent models. MIA may confer increased risk for ASD by dysregulating key aspects of fetal brain gene expression that are highly relevant to pathophysiology affecting ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael V Lombardo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyang Mi Moon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer Su</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theo D Palmer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Courchesne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiziano Pramparo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/064683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal immune activation dysregulation of the fetal brain transcriptome and relevance to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/067454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutations in EBF3 disturb transcriptional profiles and underlie a novel syndrome of intellectual disability, ataxia and facial dysmorphism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/067454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From a GeneMatcher-enabled international collaboration, we identified ten individuals with intellectual disability, speech delay, ataxia and facial dysmorphism and a mutation in EBF3, encoding a transcription factor required for neuronal differentiation. Structural assessments, transactivation assays, in situ fractionation, RNA-seq and ChlP-seq experiments collectively show that the mutations are deleterious and impair EBF3 transcriptional regulation. These findings demonstrate that EBF3-mediated dysregulation of gene expression has profound effects on neuronal development in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frederike Leonie Harms</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katta Mohan Girisha</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Alexander Hardigan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanny Kortum</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anju Shukla</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik Alawi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashwin Dalal</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauren Brady</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Tarnopolsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynne M. Bird</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sophia Ceulemans</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martina Bebin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevin M. Bowling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan M. Hiatt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward J. Lose</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelle Primiano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendy K. Chung</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jane Juusola</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeynep C. Akdemir</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew Bainbridge</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu-Lin Charng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margaret Drummond-Borg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad K. Eldomery</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayman W. El-Hattab</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed A.M. Saleh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephane Bezieau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin Cogne</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand Isidor</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastien Kury</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James R. Lupski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard M. Myers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory M. Cooper</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerstin Kutsche</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/067454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutations in EBF3 disturb transcriptional profiles and underlie a novel syndrome of intellectual disability, ataxia and facial dysmorphism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/072470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Annotation of Protein Function across Diverse Bacteria from Mutant Phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/072470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryThe function of nearly half of all protein-coding genes identified in bacterial genomes remains unknown. To systematically explore the functions of these proteins, we generated saturated transposon mutant libraries from 25 diverse bacteria and we assayed mutant phenotypes across hundreds of distinct conditions. From 3,903 genome-wide mutant fitness assays, we obtained 14.9 million gene phenotype measurements and we identified a mutant phenotype for 8,487 proteins with previously unknown functions. The majority of these hypothetical proteins (57%) had phenotypes that were either specific to a few conditions or were similar to that of another gene, thus enabling us to make informed predictions of protein function. For 1,914 of these hypothetical proteins, the functional associations are conserved across related proteins from different bacteria, which confirms that these associations are genuine. This comprehensive catalogue of experimentally-annotated protein functions also enables the targeted exploration of specific biological processes. For example, sensitivity to a DNA-damaging agent revealed 28 known families of DNA repair proteins and 11 putative novel families. Across all sequenced bacteria, 14% of proteins that lack detailed annotations have an ortholog with a functional association in our data set. Our study demonstrates the utility and scalability of high-throughput genetics for large-scale annotation of bacterial proteins and provides a vast compendium of experimentally-determined protein functions across diverse bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morgan N Price</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly M Wetmore</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert Jordan Waters</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Callaghan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayashree Ray</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer V Kuehl</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan A Melnyk</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob S Lamson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yumi Suh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuelma Esquivel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harini Sadeeshkumar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romy Chakraborty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin E Rubin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Bristow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew J Blow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam P Arkin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam M Deutschbauer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/072470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Annotation of Protein Function across Diverse Bacteria from Mutant Phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A living vector field reveals constraints on galactose network induction in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/073817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When a cell encounters a new environment, its transcriptional response can be constrained by its history. For example, yeast cells in galactose induce GAL genes with a speed and unanimity that depends on previous nutrient conditions. To investigate how cell-level gene expression dynamics produce population-level phenotypes, we built living vector fields from thousands of single-cell timecourses of the inducers Gal3p and Gal1p as cells switched to galactose from various nutrient histories. We show that, after sustained glucose exposure, the lack of GAL inducers leads to induction delays that are long but also variable; that cellular resources constrain induction; and that bimodally distributed expression levels arise from lineage selection - a subpopulation of cells induces more quickly and outcompetes the rest. Our results illuminate cellular memory in this important model system and illustrate how resources and randomness interact to shape the response of a population to a new environment.nnOne Sentence SummarySingle-cell galactose induction timecourses reveal that cellular resources and stochastic events determine which yeast cells outcompete their peers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarah R. Stockwell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott A. Rifkin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/073817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A living vector field reveals constraints on galactose network induction in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing data quality in citizen science - preprint 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecological and environmental citizen science projects have enormous potential to advance science, influence policy, and guide resource management by producing datasets that are otherwise infeasible to generate. This potential can only be realized, though, if the datasets are of high quality. While scientists are often skeptical of the ability of unpaid volunteers to produce accurate datasets, a growing body of publications clearly shows that diverse types of citizen science projects can produce data with accuracy equal to or surpassing that of professionals. Successful projects rely on a suite of methods to boost data accuracy and account for bias, including iterative project development, volunteer training and testing, expert validation, replication across volunteers, and statistical modeling of systematic error. Each citizen science dataset should therefore be judged individually, according to project design and application, rather than assumed to be substandard simply because volunteers generated it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Margaret Kosmala</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Wiggins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandra Swanson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooke Simmons</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing data quality in citizen science - preprint]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAPPING OF LONG-RANGE CHROMATIN INTERACTIONS BY PROXIMITY LIGATION ASSISTED CHIP-SEQ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report a highly sensitive and cost-effective method for genome-wide identification of chromatin interactions in eukaryotic cells. Combining proximity ligation with chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, the method outperforms the state of art approach in sensitivity, accuracy and ease of operation. Application of the method to mouse embryonic stem cells improves mapping of enhancer-promoter interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rongxin Fang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guoqiang Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sora Chee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tristin Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Schmitt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bing Ren</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAPPING OF LONG-RANGE CHROMATIN INTERACTIONS BY PROXIMITY LIGATION ASSISTED CHIP-SEQ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting binding free energies: Frontiers and benchmarks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Binding free energy calculations based on molecular simulations provide predicted affinities for biomolecular complexes. These calculations begin with a detailed description of a system, including its chemical composition and the interactions between its components. Simulations of the system are then used to compute thermodynamic information, such as binding affinities. Because of their promise for guiding molecular design, these calculations have recently begun to see widespread applications in early stage drug discovery. However, many challenges remain to make them a robust and reliable tool. Here, we briefly explain how the calculations work, highlight key challenges, and argue for the development of accepted benchmark test systems that will help the research community generate and evaluate progress.nnManuscript version 1.1.1 pre-release See https://github.com/mobleylab/benchmarksets for all versions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>David L. Mobley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael K. Gilson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting binding free energies: Frontiers and benchmarks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A large collection of novel nematode-infecting microsporidia and their diverse interactions with C. elegans and other related nematodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microsporidia are fungi-related intracellular pathogens that may infect virtually all animals, but are poorly understood. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has recently become a model host for studying microsporidia through the identification of its natural microsporidian pathogen Nematocida parisii. However, it was unclear how widespread and diverse microsporidia infections are in C. elegans or other related nematodes in the wild. Here we describe the isolation and culture of 47 nematodes with microsporidian infections. N. parisii is found to be the most common microsporidia infecting C. elegans in the wild. In addition, we further describe and name six new species in the Nematocida genus. Our sampling and phylogenetic analysis further identify two subclades that are genetically distinct from Nematocida, and we name them Enteropsectra and Pancytospora. Interestingly, unlike Nematocida, these two genera belong to the main clade of microsporidia that includes human pathogens. All of these microsporidia are horizontally transmitted and most specifically infect intestinal cells, except Pancytospora epiphaga that replicates mostly in the epidermis of its Caenorhabditis host. At the subcellular level in the infected host cell, spores of the novel genus Enteropsectra show a characteristic apical distribution and exit via budding off of the plasma membrane, instead of exiting via exocytosis as spores of Nematocida. Host specificity is broad for some microsporidia, narrow for others: indeed, some microsporidia can infect Oscheius tipulae but not its sister species, and conversely. We also show that N. ausubeli fails to strongly induce in C. elegans the transcription of genes that are induced by other Nematocida species, suggesting it has evolved mechanisms to prevent induction of this host response. Altogether, these newly isolated species illustrate the diversity and ubiquity of microsporidian infections in nematodes, and provide a rich resource to investigate host-parasite coevolution in tractable nematode hosts.nnAuthor SummaryMicrosporidia are microbial parasites that live inside their host cells and can cause disease in humans and many other animals. The small nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has recently become a convenient model host for studying microsporidian infections. In this work, we sample Caenorhabditis and other small nematodes and 47 associated microsporidian strains from the wild. We characterize the parasites for their position in the evolutionary tree of microsporidia and for their lifecycle and morphology. We find several new species and genera, especially some that are distantly related to the previously known Nematocida parisii and instead closely related to human pathogens. We find that some of these species have a narrow host range. We studied two species in detail using electron microscopy and uncover a new likely mode of exit from the host cell, by budding off the host cell plasma membrane rather than by fusion of a vesicle to the plasma membrane as in N. parisii. We also find a new species that infects the epidermis and muscles of Caenorhabditis rather than the host intestinal cells and is closely related to human pathogens. Finally, we find that one Nematocida species fails to elicit the same host response that other Nematocida species do. These new microsporidia open up many windows into microsporidia biology and opportunities to investigate host-parasite coevolution in the C. elegans system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaotian Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Sachse</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie-Christine Prevost</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert J Luallen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily Troemel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie-Anne Felix</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A large collection of novel nematode-infecting microsporidia and their diverse interactions with C. elegans and other related nematodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Personalized genetic assessment of age associated Alzheimers disease risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/074864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceIdentifying individuals at risk for developing Alzheimers disease (AD) is of utmost importance. Although genetic studies have identified APOE and other AD associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genetic information has not been integrated into an epidemiological framework for personalized risk prediction.nnObjectiveTo develop, replicate and validate a novel polygenic hazard score for predicting age-specific risk for AD.nnSettingMulti-center, multi-cohort genetic and clinical data.nnParticipantsWe assessed genetic data from 17,008 AD patients and 37,154 controls from the International Genetics of Alzheimers Project (IGAP), and 6,409 AD patients and 9,386 older controls from Phase 1 Alzheimers Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC). As independent replication and validation cohorts, we also evaluated genetic, neuroimaging, neuropathologic, CSF and clinical data from ADGC Phase 2, National Institute of Aging Alzheimers Disease Center (NIA ADC) and Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (total n = 20,680)nnMain Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Use the IGAP cohort to first identify AD associated SNPs (at p < 10-5). Next, integrate these AD associated SNPs into a Cox proportional hazards model using ADGC phase 1 genetic data, providing a polygenic hazard score (PHS) for each participant. Combine population based incidence rates, and genotype-derived PHS for each individual to derive estimates of instantaneous risk for developing AD, based on genotype and age. Finally, assess replication and validation of PHS in independent cohorts.nnResultsIndividuals in the highest PHS quantiles developed AD at a considerably lower age and had the highest yearly AD incidence rate. Among APOE {varepsilon}3/3 individuals, PHS modified expected age of AD onset by more than 10 years between the lowest and highest deciles. In independent cohorts, PHS strongly predicted empirical age of AD onset (p = 1.1 x 10-26), longitudinal progression from normal aging to AD (p = 1.54 x 10-10) and associated with markers of AD neurodegeneration.nnConclusionsWe developed, replicated and validated a clinically usable PHS for quantifying individual differences in age-specific risk of AD. Beyond APOE, polygenic architecture plays an important role in modifying AD risk. Precise quantification of AD genetic risk will be useful for early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahul S. Desikan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun Chieh Fan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunpeng Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew J. Schork</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard J. Cabral</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrienne Cupples</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesley K. Thompson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilah Besser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter A. Kukull</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominic Holland</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi-Hua Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James B. Brewer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David S. Karow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karolina Kauppi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aree Witoelar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celeste M. Karch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luke W. Bonham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer S. Yokoyama</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard J. Rosen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce L. Miller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William P. Dillon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David M. Wilson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher P. Hess</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margaret Pericak-Vance</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan L. Haines</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay A. Farrer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Mayeux</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Hardy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alison M. Goate</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley T. Hyman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerard D. Schellenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linda K. McEvoy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ole A. Andreassen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anders N. Dale</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/074864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Personalized genetic assessment of age associated Alzheimers disease risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lessons learned from comparing molecular dynamics engines on the SAMPL5 dataset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We describe our efforts to prepare common starting structures and models for the SAMPL5 blind prediction challenge. We generated the starting input files and single configuration potential energies for the host-guest in the SAMPL5 blind prediction challenge for the GROMACS, AMBER, LAMMPS, DESMOND and CHARMM molecular simulation programs. All conversions were fully automated from the originally prepared AMBER input files using a combination of the ParmEd and InterMol conversion programs.nnWe find that the energy calculations for all molecular dynamics engines for this molecular set agree to a better than 0.1% relative absolute energy for all energy components, and in most cases an order of magnitude better, when reasonable choices are made for different cutoff parameters. However, there are some surprising sources of statistically significant differences. Most importantly, different choices of Coulombs constant between programs are one of the largest sources of discrepancies in energies. We discuss the measures required to get good agreement in the energies for equivalent starting configurations between the simulation programs, and the energy differences that occur when simulations are run with program-specific default simulation parameter values. Finally, we discuss what was required to automate this conversion and comparison.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael R. Shirts</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoph Klein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason M. Swails</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian Yin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael K. Gilson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David L. Mobley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David A. Case</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellen D. Zhong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lessons learned from comparing molecular dynamics engines on the SAMPL5 dataset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide profiling of heritable and de novo STR variations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are highly variable elements that play a pivotal role in multiple genetic diseases, population genetics applications, and forensic casework. However, STRs have proven problematic to genotype from high-throughput sequencing data. Here, we describe HipSTR, a novel haplotype-based method for robustly genotyping, haplotyping, and phasing STRs from whole genome sequencing data and report a genome-wide analysis and validation of de novo STR mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas Willems</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dina Zielinski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assaf Gordon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melissa Gymrek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaniv Erlich</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide profiling of heritable and de novo STR variations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/079137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive Horizontal Gene Transfer in Cheese-Associated Bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/079137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquisition of genes through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows microbes to rapidly gain new capabilities and adapt to new or changing environments. Identifying widespread HGT regions within multispecies microbiomes can pinpoint the molecular mechanisms that play key roles in microbiome assembly. We sought to identify horizontally transferred genes within a model microbiome, the cheese rind. Comparing 31 newly-sequenced and 134 previously sequenced bacterial isolates from cheese rinds, we identified over 200 putative horizontally transferred genomic regions containing 4,844 protein coding genes. The largest of these regions are enriched for genes involved in siderophore acquisition, and are widely distributed in cheese rinds in both Europe and the US. These results suggest that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is prevalent in cheese rind microbiomes, and the identification of genes that are frequently transferred in a particular environment may provide insight into the selective forces shaping microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kevin S Bonham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin E Wolfe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachel J Dutton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/079137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive Horizontal Gene Transfer in Cheese-Associated Bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems assessment of transcriptional regulation on central carbon metabolism by Cra and CRP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two major transcriptional regulators of carbon metabolism in bacteria are Cra and CRP. CRP is considered to be the main mediator of catabolite repression. Unlike for CRP, available in vivo DNA binding information of Cra is scarce. Here we generate and integrate ChIP-exo and RNA-seq data to identify 39 binding sites for Cra and 97 regulon genes that are regulated by Cra in Escherichia coli. An integrated metabolic-regulatory network was formed by including experimentally-derived regulatory information and a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction. Applying analysis methods of systems biology to this integrated network showed that Cra enables the optimal bacterial growth on poor carbon sources by redirecting and repressing the glycolysis flux, by activating the glyoxylate shunt pathway, and by activating the respiratory pathway. In these regulatory mechanisms, the overriding regulatory activity of Cra over CRP is fundamental. Thus, elucidation of interacting transcriptional regulation of core carbon metabolism in bacteria by two key transcription factors was possible by combining genome-wide experimental measurement and simulation with a genome-scale metabolic model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/080929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems assessment of transcriptional regulation on central carbon metabolism by Cra and CRP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Field Potential Reflects the Balance of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural circuits sit in a dynamic balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Fluctuations in this E:I balance have been shown to influence neural computation, working memory, and information processing. While more drastic shifts and aberrant E:I patterns are implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, current methods for measuring E:I dynamics require invasive procedures that are difficult to perform in behaving animals, and nearly impossible in humans. This has limited the ability to examine the full impact that E:I shifts have in neural computation and disease. In this study, we develop a computational model to show that E:I ratio can be estimated from the power law exponent (slope) of the electrophysiological power spectrum, and validate this relationship using previously published datasets from two species (rat local field potential and macaque electrocorticography). This simple method--one that can be applied retrospectively to existing data--removes a major hurdle in understanding a currently difficult to measure, yet fundamental, aspect of neural computation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/081125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Field Potential Reflects the Balance of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p53 dynamically directs TFIID assembly on target gene promoters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a central regulator that turns on vast gene networks to maintain cellular integrity upon various stimuli. p53 activates transcription initiation in part by aiding recruitment of TFIID to the promoter. However, the precise means by which p53 dynamically interacts with TFIID to facilitate assembly on target gene promoters remains elusive. To address this key question, we have undertaken an integrated approach involving single molecule fluorescence microscopy, single particle cryo-electron microscopy, and biochemistry. Our real-time single molecule imaging demonstrates that TFIID alone binds poorly to native p53 target promoters. p53 unlocks TFIIDs ability to bind DNA by increasing TFIID contacts with both the core promoter and a region surrounding p53s response element (RE). Analysis of single molecule dissociation kinetics reveals that TFIID interacts with promoters via transient and prolonged DNA binding modes that are each regulated by p53. Importantly, our structural work reveals that TFIIDs conversion from a canonical form to a rearranged DNA-binding conformation is enhanced in the presence of DNA and p53. Notably, TFIIDs interaction with DNA induces p53 to rapidly dissociate, effectively liberating the RE on the promoter. Collectively, these findings indicate that p53 dynamically escorts and loads the basal transcription machinery onto its target promoters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coleman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cianfrocco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piasecka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldeborgh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basishvili, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/083014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p53 dynamically directs TFIID assembly on target gene promoters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial tuning shifts increase the discriminability and fidelity of population codes in visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AcknowledgementsMany thanks to the lab and particularly to Rosanne Rademaker and Edward Vul for comments on analyses and on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships to V.A.V. and T.C.S., a grant from the National Eye Institute (R01-EY025872) and a Scholar Award from the James S. McDonnell Foundation to J.T.S.nnABSTRACTSelective visual attention enables organisms to enhance the representation of behaviorally relevant stimuli by altering the encoding properties of single receptive fields (RFs). Yet we know little about how the attentional modulations of single RFs contribute to the encoding of an entire visual scene. Addressing this issue requires (1) measuring a group of RFs that tile a continuous portion of visual space, (2) constructing a population-level measurement of spatial representations based on these RFs, and (3) linking how different types of RF attentional modulations change the population-level representation. To accomplish these aims, we used fMRI to characterize the responses of thousands of voxels in retinotopically organized human cortex. First, we found that the response modulations of voxel RFs (vRFs) depend on the spatial relationship between the RF center and the visual location of the attended target. Second, we used two analyses to assess the spatial encoding quality of a population of voxels. We found that attention increased fine spatial discriminability and representational fidelity near the attended target. Third, we linked these findings by manipulating the observed vRF attentional modulations and recomputing our population measures. Surprisingly, we discovered that attentional enhancements of population-level representations largely depend on position shifts of vRFs, rather than changes in size or gain. Our data suggest that position shifts of single RFs are a principal mechanism by which attention enhances population-level representations in visual cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/086892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial tuning shifts increase the discriminability and fidelity of population codes in visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of Body Mass Composition using Vestibular Nerve Stimulation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is increasing evidence of a "set-point" for body weight in the brain, that is regulated by the hypothalamus. This system modifies feeding behavior and metabolic rate, to keep body fat within predetermined parameters. It is also known that animals subjected to chronic centrifugation show a reduction in body fat. Experiments with mutant mice found that this loss of fat appears to be mediated by a vestibulo-hypothalamic pathway. Vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS), also known as galvanic vestibular stimulation, involves non-invasively stimulating the vestibular system by applying a small electrical current between two electrodes placed over the mastoid processes. We suggest that any means of repeatedly stimulating the otolith organs in humans would cause a reduction in total body fat, and that VeNS would be a useful technique to use in this regard. Below we provide pilot data to support this idea.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGeoch, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKeown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of Body Mass Composition using Vestibular Nerve Stimulation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals First Locus for Anorexia Nervosa and Metabolic Correlations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, resulting in abnormally low body weight. It has a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1%, disproportionately affects females1,2, and has no well replicated evidence of effective pharmacological or psychological treatments despite high morbidity and mortality2. Twin studies support a genetic basis for the observed aggregation of AN in families3, with heritability estimates of 48%-74%4. Although initial genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were underpowered5,6, evidence suggested that signals for AN would be detected with increased power5. We present a GWAS of 3,495 AN cases and 10,982 controls with one genome-wide significant locus (index variant rs4622308, p=4.3x10-9) in a region (chr12:56,372,585-56,482,185) which includes six genes. The SNP-chip heritability [Formula] of AN from these data is 0.20 (SE=0.02), suggesting that a substantial fraction of the twin-based heritability stems from common genetic variation. Using these GWAS results, we also find significant positive genetic correlations with schizophrenia, neuroticism, educational attainment, and HDL cholesterol, and significant negative genetic correlations with body mass, insulin, glucose, and lipid phenotypes. Our results support the reconceptualization of AN as a disorder with both psychiatric and metabolic components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duncan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antilla, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulik-Sullivan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfredsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aschauer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bencko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrettini, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birgegard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraska Perica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bughardt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clementi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen-Woods, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zaan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedoussis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degortes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSocio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikeos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dina, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Docampo</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/088815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals First Locus for Anorexia Nervosa and Metabolic Correlations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/089383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic risk score to guide age-specific, personalized prostate cancer screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/089383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundProstate-specific-antigen (PSA) screening resulted in reduced prostate cancer (PCa) mortality in a large clinical trial, but due to a high false-positive rate, among other concerns, many guidelines do not endorse universal screening and instead recommend an individualized decision based on each patients risk. Genetic risk may provide key information to guide the decisions of whether and at what age to screen an individual man for PCa.nnMethodsGenotype, PCa status, and age from 34,444 men of European ancestry from the PRACTICAL consortium database were analyzed to select single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer diagnosis. These SNPs were then incorporated into a survival analysis to estimate their effects on age at PCa diagnosis. The resulting polygenic hazard score (PHS) is an assessment of individual genetic risk. The final model was validated in an independent dataset comprised of 6,417 men with screening PSA and genotype data. PHS was calculated for these men to test for prediction of PCa-free survival. PHS was also combined with age-specific PCa incidence data from the U.S. population to generate a PCa-Risk (PCaR) age that relates a given mans risk to that of the population average. PHS and PCaR age were evaluated for prediction of positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA screening.nnFindingsPHS calculated from 54 SNPs was very highly predictive of age at PCa diagnosis for men in the validation set (p =10-53). PPV of PSA screening varied from 0.18 to 0.52 for men with low and high genetic risk, respectively. PHS modulates PCa-free survival curves by an estimated 20 years between men in the 1st or 99th percentiles of genetic risk.nnInterpretationPolygenic hazard scores give personalized genetic risk estimates and can inform the decisions of whether and at what age to screen a man for PCa.nnFundingDepartment of Defense #W81XWH-13-1-0391
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seibert, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeles, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kote-Jarai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin Al Olama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlloch Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiklund, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleutker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipeky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tammela, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordestgaard, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weischer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisbjerg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roder, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdy, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashayan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedeke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herkommer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibel, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wokolorczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluzniak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon-Albright, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/089383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic risk score to guide age-specific, personalized prostate cancer screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals Technical Artifacts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Germline Variant Calls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The degree to which germline variation drives cancer development and shapes tumor phenotypes remains largely unexplored, possibly due to a lack of large scale publicly available germline data for a cancer cohort. Here we called germline variants on 9,618 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database representing 31 cancer types. We identified batch effects affecting loss of function (LOF) variant calls that can be traced back to differences in the way the sequence data were generated both within and across cancer types. Overall, LOF indel calls were more sensitive to technical artifacts than LOF Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) calls. In particular, whole genome amplification of DNA prior to sequencing led to an artificially increased burden of LOF indel calls, which confounded association analyses relating germline variants to tumor type despite stringent indel filtering strategies. Due to the inherent noise we chose to remove all 614 amplified DNA samples, including all acute myeloid leukemia and virtually all ovarian cancer samples, from the final dataset. This study demonstrates how insufficient quality control can lead to false positive germlinetumor type associations and draws attention to the need to be sensitive to problems associated with a lack of uniformity in data generation in TCGA data.nnAuthor SummaryCancer research to date has largely focused on genetic aberrations specific to tumor tissue. In contrast, the degree to which germline, or inherited, variation contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear, possibly due to a lack of accessible germline variant data. In this study we identify germline variants in 9,618 samples using raw germline exome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). There are substantial differences in the way exome sequence data was generated both across and within cancer types in TCGA. We observe that differences in sequence data generation introduced batch effects, or variation that is due to technical factors not true biological variation, in our variant data. Most notably, we observe that amplification of DNA prior to sequencing resulted in an excess of predicted damaging indel variants. We show how these batch effects can confound germline association analyses if not properly addressed. Our study highlights the difficulties of working with large public genomic datasets like TCGA where samples are collected over time and across data centers, and particularly cautions the use of amplified DNA samples for genetic association analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buckley, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standish, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhutani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/092163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals Technical Artifacts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Germline Variant Calls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/093807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incorporating the Rate of Transcriptional Change Improves Construction of Transcription Factor Regulatory Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/093807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) can be developed by computational approaches that infer regulator-target gene interactions from transcriptional assays. Successful algorithms that generate predictive, accurate TRNs enable the identification of regulator-target relationships in conditions where experimentally determining regulatory interactions is a challenge. Improving the ability of TRNs to successfully predict known regulator-target relationships in model species will enhance confidence in applying these approaches to determine regulator-target interactions in non-model species where experimental validation is challenging. Many transcriptional profiling experiments are performed across multiple time points; therefore we sought to improve regulator-target predictions by adjusting how time is incorporated into the network. We created ExRANGES, which incorporates Expression in a Rate-Normalized GEne Specific manner that adjusts how expression data is provided to the network algorithm. We tested this on a two different network construction approaches and found that ExRANGES prioritizes targets differently than traditional expression and improves the ability of these networks to accurately predict known regulator targets. ExRANGES improved the ability to correctly identify targets of transcription factors in large data sets in four different model systems: mouse, human, Arabidopsis, and yeast. Finally, we examined the performance of ExRANGES on a small data set from field-grown Oryza sativa and found that it also improved the ability to identify known targets even with a limited data set.nnAuthor SummaryTo understand how organisms can turn a collection of genes into a physiological response, we need to understand how certain genes are turned on and off. In model organisms, the ability to identify direct targets of transcription factors via ChIP-Seq in a high-throughput manner has advanced our understanding of transcriptional regulatory networks and how organisms regulate gene expression. However, for non-model organisms, it remains a challenge to identify TF-target relationships through experimental approaches such as ChIP-Seq. Without this information, the ability to understand regulatory control is limited. Computational approaches to identify regulator-target relationships in silico from easily attainable transcriptional data offer a solution. Several approaches exist for identifying gene regulatory networks, including many that take advantage of time series data. Most of these approaches weigh the relationship between regulators and putative targets at all time points equally. However, many regulators may control a single target in response to different inputs. In our approach, we focus on the association between regulators and targets primarily at times when there is a significant change in expression. ExRANGES essentially weights the expression value of each time point by the slope change after that time point so that relationships between regulators and targets are emphasized at the time points when the transcript levels are changing. This change in input into network identification algorithms improves the ability to predict regulator-target interactions and could be applied to many different algorithms We hope this improvement will increase the ability to identify regulators of interest in non-model species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartor, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawas, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagadish SV, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/093807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incorporating the Rate of Transcriptional Change Improves Construction of Transcription Factor Regulatory Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/097196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Data Citation Roadmap for Scholarly Data Repositories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/097196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This article presents a practical roadmap for scholarly data repositories to implement data citation in accordance with the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles, a synopsis and harmonization of the recommendations of major science policy bodies. The roadmap was developed by the Repositories Expert Group, as part of the Data Citation Implementation Pilot (DCIP) project, an initiative of FORCE11.org and the NIH BioCADDIE (https://biocaddie.org) program. The roadmap makes 11 specific recommendations, grouped into three phases of implementation: a) required steps needed to support the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles, b) recommended steps that facilitate article/data publication workflows, and c) optional steps that further improve data citation support provided by data repositories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fenner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermjakob, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocca-Serra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berjon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karcher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/097196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Data Citation Roadmap for Scholarly Data Repositories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polymer dynamics of Alp7A reveals two ‘critical’ concentrations that govern dynamically unstable actin-like proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098954v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTDynamically unstable polymers capture and move cellular cargos in both bacteria and eukaryotes, but the regulation of their assembly remains poorly understood. Here we describe polymerization of Alp7A, a bacterial Actin-Like Protein (ALP) that segregates the low copy-number plasmid pLS20 in Bacillus subtilis. Purified Alp7A forms dynamically unstable polymers with two critical points: an intrinsic critical concentration (0.6 M), observed when ATP hydrolysis is blocked, and a dynamic critical concentration (10.3 M), observed when ATP hydrolysis occurs. From biochemical and kinetic analysis, the intrinsic critical concentration reflects a balance between filament elongation and shortening, while the dynamic critical concentration reflects a balance between filament nucleation and catastrophic disassembly. Although Alp7A does not form stable polymers at physiological concentrations, rapid nucleation by an accessory factor, Alp7R, decreases the dynamic critical concentration into the physiological range. Intrinsic and dynamic critical concentrations are fundamental parameters that can be used to describe the behavior of all dynamically unstable polymers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petek, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derman, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royal, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/098954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polymer dynamics of Alp7A reveals two ‘critical’ concentrations that govern dynamically unstable actin-like proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/100198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive characterization of neutrophil genome topology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/100198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are responsible for the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Their nuclei are uniquely structured as multiple lobes that establish a highly constrained nuclear environment. Here we found that neutrophil differentiation was not associated with large-scale changes in the number and sizes of topologically associating domains. However, neutrophil genomes were enriched for long-range genomic interactions that spanned multiple topologically associating domains. Population-based simulation of spherical and toroid genomes revealed declining radii of gyration for neutrophil chromosomes. We found that neutrophil genomes were highly enriched for heterochromatic genomic interactions across vast genomic distances, a process named super-contraction. Super-contraction involved genomic regions located in the heterochromatic compartment in both progenitors and neutrophils or genomic regions that switched from the euchromatic to the heterochromatic compartment during neutrophil differentiation. Super-contraction was accompanied by the repositioning of centromeres, pericentromeres and Long-Interspersed Nuclear Elements (LINEs) to the neutrophil nuclear lamina. We found that Lamin-B Receptor expression was required to attach centromeric and pericentromeric repeats but not LINE-1 elements to the lamina. Differentiating neutrophils also repositioned ribosomal DNA and mini-nucleoli to the lamina: a process that was closely associated with sharply reduced ribosomal RNA expression. We propose that large-scale chromatin reorganization involving super-contraction and recruitment of heterochromatin and nucleoli to the nuclear lamina facilitate the folding of the neutrophil genome into a confined geometry imposed by a multi-lobed nuclear architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denholtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamps, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/100198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive characterization of neutrophil genome topology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uniform Resolution of Compact Identifiers for Biomedical Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/101279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most biomedical data repositories issue locally-unique accessions numbers, but do not provide globally unique, machine-resolvable, persistent identifiers for their datasets, as required by publishers wishing to implement data citation in accordance with widely accepted principles. Local accessions may however be prefixed with a namespace identifier, providing global uniqueness. Such "compact identifiers" have been widely used in biomedical informatics to support global resource identification with local identifier assignment.nnWe report here on our project to provide robust support for machine-resolvable, persistent compact identifiers in biomedical data citation, by harmonizing the Identifiers.org and N2T.net (Name-To-Thing) meta-resolvers and extending their capabilities. Identifiers.org services hosted at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory - European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), and N2T.net services hosted at the California Digital Library (CDL), can now resolve any given identifier from over 600 source databases to its original source on the Web, using a common registry of prefix-based redirection rules.nnWe believe these services will be of significant help to publishers and others implementing persistent, machine-resolvable citation of research data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wimalaratne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunze, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurry, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermjakob, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/101279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uniform Resolution of Compact Identifiers for Biomedical Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/102327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paternally inherited noncoding structural variants contribute to autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/102327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to consist of contributions from gene-disrupting de novo mutations and common variants of modest effect. We hypothesize that the unexplained heritability of ASD also includes rare inherited variants with intermediate effects. We investigated the genome-wide distribution and functional impact of structural variants (SVs) through whole genome analysis ([&ge;]30X coverage) of 3,169 subjects from 829 families affected by ASD. Genes that are intolerant to inactivating variants in the exome aggregation consortium (ExAC) were depleted for SVs in parents, specifically within fetal-brain promoters, UTRs and exons. Rare paternally-inherited SVs that disrupt promoters or UTRs were over-transmitted to probands (P = 0.0013) and not to their typically-developing siblings. Recurrent functional noncoding deletions implicate the gene LEO1 in ASD. Protein-coding SVs were also associated with ASD (P = 0.0025). Our results establish that rare inherited SVs predispose children to ASD, with differing contributions from each parent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brandler, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gujral, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiber, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maile, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tandon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaux, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingsmore, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakaradov, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venter, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corominas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cormand, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueda, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arranz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hervas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/102327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paternally inherited noncoding structural variants contribute to autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/104398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A toolkit for tissue-specific protein degradation in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/104398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins essential for embryo production, cell division, and early embryonic events are frequently re-utilized later in embryogenesis, during organismal development, or in the adult. Examining protein function across these different biological contexts requires tissue-specific perturbation. Here, we describe a method that utilizes expression of a fusion between a GFP-targeting nanobody and SOCS-box containing ubiquitin ligase adaptor to target GFP tagged proteins for degradation. When combined with endogenous locus GFP tagging by CRISPR-Cas9 or rescue of a null mutant with a GFP fusion, this approach enables routine and efficient tissue-specific protein ablation. We show that this approach works in multiple tissues--the epidermis, intestine, body wall muscle, sensory neurons, and touch neurons--where it recapitulates expected loss-of-function mutant phenotypes. The transgene toolkit and the strain set described here will complement existing approaches to enable routine analysis of the tissue-specific roles of C. elegans proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prevo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheerambathur, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/104398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A toolkit for tissue-specific protein degradation in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preprint: Environmentally-Friendly Workflow Based on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Molecular Networking For the Discovery of Potent Anti-Viral Leads From Plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A supercritical fluid chromatography-based targeted purification workflow using tandem mass spectrometry and molecular networking was developed to analyze, annotate and isolate secondary metabolites from complex mixture. This approach was applied for targeted isolation of new antiviral diterpene esters from Euphorbia semiperfoliata whole plant extract. The analysis of bioactive fractions revealed that unknown diterpene esters, including jatrophane esters and phorboids esters, were present in the samples. The purification procedure using semi-preparative-supercritical fluid chromatography led to the isolation and identification of two jatrophane esters (13 and 14) and four 4-deoxyphorbol esters (15-18). Compound 16 was found to display antiviral activity against chikungunya virus (EC50 = 0.45 {micro}M), while compound 15 was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in a recombinant virus assay (EC50 = 13 nM). This study showed that supercritical fluid chromatography-based workflow and molecular networking can facilitate and accelerate the discovery of bioactive small molecules by targeted molecules of interest, while minimizing the use of toxic solvents.nnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=104 SRC="FIGDIR/small/106153_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (23K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@191802aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1755ab8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@196edf5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e0a1e0_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutet-Mercey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cachet, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Torre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laboureur, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallard, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Retailleau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedoya, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roussi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leyssen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcami, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litaudon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touboul, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/106153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preprint: Environmentally-Friendly Workflow Based on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Molecular Networking For the Discovery of Potent Anti-Viral Leads From Plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topological and Kinetic Determinants of the Modal Matrices of Dynamic Models of Metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linear analysis of kinetic models of metabolism can help in understanding the dynamic response of metabolic networks. Central to linear analysis of these models are two key matrices: the Jacobian matrix (J) and its modal matrix (M-1). The modal matrix contains dynamically independent motions of the kinetic model, and it is sparse in practice. Understanding the sparsity structure of the modal matrix provides insight into metabolic network dynamics. In this study, we analyze the relationship between J and M-1. First, we show that diagonal dominance occurs in a substantial fraction of the rows of J, resulting in simple modal structures within M-1. Dominant diagonal elements in J approximate the eigenvalues corresponding to these simple modes, in which a single metabolite is driven back to its reference state on a characteristic timescale. Second, we analyze more complicated mode structures in M-1, in which two or more variables move in a certain ratio relative to one another on defined time scales. We show that complicated modes originate from sub-matrices of topologically connected elements of similar magnitude in J. Third, we describe the origin of these mode structure features based on the network stoichiometric matrix S and the reaction kinetic gradient matrix G. We demonstrate that the topologically-connected reaction sensitivities of similar magnitude in G play a central role in determining the mode structure. Ratios of these reaction sensitivities represent equilibrium balances of half reactions that are defined by linearization of the bilinear mass action rate laws followed by enzymatic reactions. These half-reaction equilibrium ratios are key determinants of modal structure for both simple and complicated modes. The work presented here helps to establish a foundation for understanding the dynamics of kinetic models of metabolism, which are rooted in the network structure and the kinetic properties of reactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/107425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topological and Kinetic Determinants of the Modal Matrices of Dynamic Models of Metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling prediction error improves power of transcriptome-wide association studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) test for associations between imputed gene expression levels and phenotypes in GWAS cohorts using models of transcriptional regulation learned from reference transcriptomes. However, current methods for TWAS only use point estimates of imputed expression and ignore uncertainty in the prediction. We develop a novel two-stage Bayesian regression method which incorporates uncertainty in imputed gene expression and achieves higher power to detect TWAS genes than existing TWAS methods as well as standard methods based on missing value and measurement error theory. We apply our method to GTEx whole blood transcriptomes and GWAS cohorts for seven diseases from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium and find 45 TWAS genes, of which 17 do not overlap previously reported case-control GWAS or differential expression associations. Surprisingly, we replicate only 2 of 40 previously reported TWAS genes after accounting for uncertainty in the prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhutani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/108316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling prediction error improves power of transcriptome-wide association studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/109389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Significance estimation for large scale untargeted metabolomics annotations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/109389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The annotation of small molecules in untargeted mass spectrometry relies on the matching of fragment spectra to reference library spectra. While various spectrum-spectrum match scores exist, the field lacks statistical methods for estimating the false discovery rates (FDR) of these annotations. We present empirical Bayes and target-decoy based methods to estimate the false discovery rate. Relying on estimations of false discovery rates, we explore the effect of different spectrum-spectrum match criteria on the number and the nature of the molecules annotated. We show that the spectral matching settings needs to be adjusted for each project. By adjusting the scoring parameters and thresholds, the number of annotations rose, on average, by +139% (ranging from -92% up to +5705%) when compared to a default parameter set available at GNPS. The FDR estimation methods presented will enable a user to define the scoring criteria for large scale analysis of untargeted small molecule data that has been essential in the advancement of large scale proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics science.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheubert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufsky, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duehrkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boecker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/109389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Significance estimation for large scale untargeted metabolomics annotations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accuracy, Reproducibility And Bias Of Next Generation Sequencing For Quantitative Small RNA Profiling: A Multiple Protocol Study Across Multiple Laboratories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small RNA-seq is increasingly being used for profiling of small RNAs. Quantitative characteristics of long RNA-seq have been extensively described, but small RNA-seq involves fundamentally different methods for library preparation, with distinct protocols and technical variations that have not been fully and systematically studied. We report here the results of a study using common references (synthetic RNA pools of defined composition, as well as plasma-derived RNA) to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility and bias of small RNA-seq library preparation for five distinct protocols and across nine different laboratories. We observed protocol-specific and sequence-specific bias, which was ameliorated using adapters for ligation with randomized end-nucleotides, and computational correction factors. Despite this technical bias, relative quantification using small RNA-seq was remarkably accurate and reproducible, even across multiple laboratories using different methods. These results provide strong evidence for the feasibility of reproducible cross-laboratory small RNA-seq studies, even those involving analysis of data generated using different protocols.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giraldez, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spengler, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etheridge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barczak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Hoff, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanriverdi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtright, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoory, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driedonks, T. A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buermans, H. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolte-'t Hoen, E. N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghiran, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Keuren-Jensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erle, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galas, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tewari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/113050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accuracy, Reproducibility And Bias Of Next Generation Sequencing For Quantitative Small RNA Profiling: A Multiple Protocol Study Across Multiple Laboratories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A yield-cost tradeoff governs Escherichia coli's decision between fermentation and respiration in carbon-limited growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many microbial systems are known to actively reshape their proteomes in response to changes in growth conditions induced e.g. by nutritional stress or antibiotics. Part of the re-allocation accounts for the fact that, as the growth rate is limited by targeting specific metabolic activities, cells simply respond by fine-tuning their proteome to invest more resources into the limiting activity (i.e. by synthesizing more proteins devoted to it). However, this is often accompanied by an overall re-organization of metabolism, aimed at improving the growth yield under limitation by re-wiring resource through different pathways. While both effects impact proteome composition, the latter underlies a more complex systemic response to stress. By focusing on E. coli's  acetate switch, we use mathematical modeling and a re-analysis of empirical data to show that the transition from a predominantly fermentative to a predominantly respirative metabolism in carbon-limited growth results from the trade-off between maximizing the growth yield and minimizing its costs in terms of required the proteome share. In particular, E. coli's metabolic phenotypes appear to be Pareto-optimal for these objective functions over a broad range of dilutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinari, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Martino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/113183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A yield-cost tradeoff governs Escherichia coli's decision between fermentation and respiration in carbon-limited growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoys reveal the genetic and biochemical roles of redundant plant E3 ubiquitin ligases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/115071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular route for protein degradation in plants and is important for a wide range of biological processes including daily and seasonal timing. The UPS relies on the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases to specifically recognize substrate proteins and facilitate their ubiquitylation. In plants, there are three major challenges that inhibit studies of E3 ligase function: 1) rampant genetic redundancy, 2) labile interactions between an E3 ligase and its cognate substrates, and 3) a lack of tools for rapid validation of bona fide substrates. To overcome these 3 challenges, we have developed a decoy method that allows for rapid genetic analysis of E3 ligases, in vivo identification of substrates using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, and reconstitution of the ubiquitylation reaction in mammalian cells to rapidly validate potential substrates. We employ the strategy to study the plant F-box proteins, ZTL, LKP2, and FKF1 revealing differential genetic impacts on circadian clock period and seasonal flowering. We identify a group of circadian clock transcriptional regulators that interact with ZTL, LKP2, and FKF1 in vivo providing a host of potential substrates that have not been seen previously. We then validate one substrate of ZTL, the plant circadian clock transcription factor CHE, and show that ZTL mediates CHE ubiquitylation and that the levels of the CHE protein cycle in daily timecourses. This work further untangles the complicated genetic roles of this family of E3 ligases and suggests that ZTL is a master regulator of a diverse set of critical clock transcription factors. Furthermore, the method that is validated here can be tool employed widely to overcome traditional challenges in studying redundant plant E3 ubiquitin ligases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamchek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruneda-Paz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/115071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoys reveal the genetic and biochemical roles of redundant plant E3 ubiquitin ligases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing Pedigrees: Using a Biasing System to Determine Likely Inheritance Systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pedigrees, though straightforward and versatile, lack the ability to tell us information about many individuals. Though numerical systems have been developed, there is currently no system to quantify the probability of a pedigree following certain inheritance systems. My system intends to fulfill that chasm by creating a flexible numerical system and testing it for variance. First, my system attempts to adapt inheritance system to known pedigree data. Then, it calculates the difference between the calculated values and the known pedigree data. It aggregates these values, then it uses a chi-squared analysis in order to determine the likelihood of said inheritance system. This is done for many different systems, until we have a general idea of which systems are probable and which are not.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ang, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/116160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing Pedigrees: Using a Biasing System to Determine Likely Inheritance Systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cysteine Proteases Of Hookworm Necator Americanus As Virulence Factors And Implications For Future Drug Design: A Bioinformatics-Based Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human hookworm Necator Americanus (NA) causes iron deficiency anemia, as the parasite ingests blood from the gastrointestinal tract of its human host. This bioinformatics-based study focuses on eight of the cathepsin B-like cysteine proteases (CPs) of the worm to explore their pathogenic potential. CP1 - CP6, which harbored the active site cysteine residue for enzymatic activity, were relevantly observed to have N-terminal signal peptide for extracellular localization. The secretory CPs could be releasing indigenous worm heparin at the host-pathogen interface for anticoagulation purposes. CP2 and CP3 showed a novel hemoglobinase motif that could be a prerequisite for hemoglobin degradation. CP1 and CP6 shared similar enzymatic-pocket features with cathepsin B and cruzain that cleave high molecular weight kininogen for blood-thinning activity. CP1, CP2, CP3, CP5 and CP6 were predicted to bind heparin, at their C terminal domain, like human cathepsin B and cruzain non-covalently bind heparin to enhance their activity. NA CPs action in concert with heparin, have implications for anti-heparin and heparin analog design against hookworm infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/116921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cysteine Proteases Of Hookworm Necator Americanus As Virulence Factors And Implications For Future Drug Design: A Bioinformatics-Based Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guiding the design of bacterial signaling interactions using a coevolutionary landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/116947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The selection of amino acid identities that encode new interactions between two-component signaling (TCS) proteins remains a significant challenge. Recent work constructed a co-evolutionary landscape that can be used to select mutations to maintain signal transfer interactions between partner TCS proteins without introducing signal transfer between non-partners (crosstalk). A bigger challenge is to introduce mutations between non-natural partner TCS proteins using the landscape to enhance, suppress, or have a neutral effect on their basal signal transfer rates. This study focuses on the selection of mutations to a response regulator (RR) from Bacilus subtilis and its effect on phosphotransfer with a histidine kinase (HK) from Escherichia Coli. Twelve single-point mutations of the RR protein are selected from the landscape and experimentally expressed to directly test the theoretical predictions on the effect of signal transfer. Differential Scanning Calorimetry is used to monitor any protein stability effects caused by the mutations, which could be detrimental to proper protein function. Of these proteins, seven mutants successfully perturb phosphoryl transfer activity in the computationally predicted manner between the TCS proteins. Furthermore, brute-force exhaustive mutagenesis approaches indicate that only 1% of mutations result in enhanced activity. In comparison, of the six mutations predicted to enhance phosphotransfer, two mutations exhibit a significant enhancement while two mutations are comparable to the wild-type. Thus co-evolutionary landscape theory offers significant improvement over traditional large-scale mutational studies in the efficiency of selecting mutations for protein engineering and design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haglund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morcos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onuchic, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/116947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guiding the design of bacterial signaling interactions using a coevolutionary landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Variation In Adaptability And Pleiotropy In Budding Yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolution can favor organisms that are more adaptable, provided that genetic variation in adaptability exists. Here, we quantify this variation among 230 offspring of a cross between diverged yeast strains. We measure the adaptability of each offspring genotype, defined as its average rate of adaptation in a specific environmental condition, and analyze the heritability, predictability, and genetic basis of this trait. We find that initial genotype strongly affects adaptability and can alter the genetic basis of future evolution. Initial genotype also affects the pleiotropic consequences of adaptation for fitness in a different environment. This genetic variation in adaptability and pleiotropy is largely determined by initial fitness, according to a rule of declining adaptability with increasing initial fitness, but several individual QTLs also have a significant idiosyncratic role. Our results demonstrate that both adaptability and pleiotropy are complex traits, with extensive heritable differences arising from naturally occurring variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jerison, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruglyak, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/121749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Variation In Adaptability And Pleiotropy In Budding Yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ubiquity of directional and reciprocating motion in enzymes out of equilibrium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular motors are thought to generate force and directional motion via nonequilibrium switching between energy surfaces. Because all enzymes can undergo such switching, we hypothesized that the ability to generate rotary motion and torque is not unique to highly adapted biological motor proteins, but is instead a common feature of enzymes. We used molecular dynamics simulations to compute energy surfaces for hundreds of torsions in three enzymes, adenosine kinase, protein kinase A, and HIV-1 protease, and used these energy surfaces within a kinetic model that accounts for intersurface switching and intrasurface probability flows. When substrate is out of equilibrium with product, we find computed torsion rotation rates up ~140 cycle s-1, with stall torques up to ~2 kcal mol-1 cycle-1, and power outputs up to ~50 kcal mol-1 s-1. We argue that these enzymes are instances of a general phenomenon of directional probability flows on asymmetric energy surfaces for systems out of equilibrium. Thus, we conjecture that cyclic probability fluxes, corresponding to rotations of torsions and higher-order collective variables, exist in any chiral molecule driven between states in a non-equilibrium manner; we call this the Asymmetry-Directionality conjecture. This is expected to apply as well to synthetic chiral molecules switched in a nonequilibrium manner between energy surfaces by light, redox chemistry, or catalysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slochower, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/121848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ubiquity of directional and reciprocating motion in enzymes out of equilibrium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/122689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MMTF - an efficient file format for the transmission, visualization, and analysis of macromolecular structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/122689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in experimental techniques have led to a rapid growth in complexity, size, and number of macromolecular structures that are made available through the Protein Data Bank. This creates a challenge for macromolecular visualization and analysis. Macromolecular structure files, such as PDB or PDBx/mmCIF files can be slow to transfer, parse, and hard to incorporate into third-party software tools. Here, we present a new binary and compressed data representation, the MacroMolecular Transmission Format, MMTF, as well as software implementations in several languages that have been developed around it, which address these issues. We describe the new format and its APIs and demonstrate that it is several times faster to parse, and about a quarter of the file size of the current standard format, PDBx/mmCIF. As a consequence of the new data representation, it is now possible to visualize structures with millions of atoms in a web browser, keep the whole PDB archive in memory or parse it within few minutes on average computers, which opens up a new way of thinking how to implement efficient algorithms in structural bioinformatics. The PDB archive is available in MMTF file format through web services and data are updated on a weekly basis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavelka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valasatava, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duarte, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prlic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/122689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MMTF - an efficient file format for the transmission, visualization, and analysis of macromolecular structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Four-Sphere Head Model For EEG Signals Revisited 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/124875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electric potential recorded at the scalp (EEG) is dominated by contributions from current dipoles set by active neurons in the cortex. Estimation of these currents, called inverse modeling, requires a forward model, which gives the potential when the positions, sizes, and directions of the current dipoles are known. Di[ff]erent models of varying complexity and realism are used in the field. An important analytical example is the four-sphere model which assumes a four-layered spherical head where the layers represent brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skull, and scalp, respectively. This model has been used extensively in the analysis of EEG recordings. Since it is analytical, it can also serve as a benchmark against which numerical schemes, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM), can be tested. While conceptually clear, the mathematical expression for the scalp potentials in the four-sphere model is quite cumbersome, and we observed the formulas presented in the literature to contain errors. We here derive and present the correct analytical formulas for future reference. They are compared with the results of FEM simulations of four-sphere model. We also provide scripts for computing EEG potentials in this model with the correct analytical formula and using FEM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naess, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chintaluri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einevoll, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojcik, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/124875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Four-Sphere Head Model For EEG Signals Revisited]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/130120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Versatile Genetic Tool For Post-Translational Control Of Gene Expression With A Small Molecule In Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/130120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several techniques have been developed in Drosophila to control gene expression temporally. While some of these techniques are incompatible with existing GAL4 lines, others suffer from side effects on physiology or behavior. Here, we describe a method of post-translational temporal control of gene expression which is compatible with the current library of transgenic reagents. We adopted a strategy to regulate protein degradation by fusing a protein of interest to a destabilizing domain (DD) derived from the Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR). Trimethoprim (TMP), a stabilizing small molecule, binds to DD and blocks degradation of the chimeric protein. With a GFP-DD reporter, we show that this system is effective across different tissues and developmental stages in the fly. Notably, feeding flies with TMP can increase the expression level of GFP-DD up to 34 times in a dosage-dependent and reversible manner without altering the lifespan or behavior of the animal. To broaden the utility of our method, we engineered GAL80-DD flies that can be crossed to the available GAL4 lines to control the temporal pattern of gene expression with TMP. We also developed an inducible recombinase, FLP-DD, for high-efficiency sparse labeling and intersectional lineage analysis. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of the DD system in manipulating neuronal activity of sensory neurons. In summary, we have developed a system to control in vivo gene expression levels with negligible background, large dynamic range, and in a reversible manner, all by feeding a small molecule to Drosophila melanogaster.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sethi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/130120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Versatile Genetic Tool For Post-Translational Control Of Gene Expression With A Small Molecule In Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionarily Conserved Roles For Blood-Brain Barrier Xenobiotic Transporters In Endogenous Steroid Partitioning And Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optimal brain function depends upon efficient control over the brain entry of blood components; this is provided by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Curiously, some brain-impermeable drugs can still cause behavioral side effects.nnTo investigate this phenomenon, we asked whether the promiscuous drug efflux transporter Mdr1 has dual functions in transporting drugs and endogenous molecules. If this is true, brain-impermeable drugs may cause behavioral side effects by affecting brain levels of endogenous molecules.nnUsing computational, genetic and pharmacologic approaches across diverse organisms we demonstrate that BBB-localized efflux transporters are critical for regulating brain levels of endogenous steroids, and steroid-regulated behaviors (sleep in Drosophila and anxiety in mice). Furthermore, we show that Mdr1-interacting drugs are associated with anxiety-related behaviors in humans.nnWe propose a general mechanism for common behavioral side effects of prescription drugs: pharmacologically challenging BBB efflux transporters disrupts brain levels of endogenous substrates, and implicates the BBB in behavioral regulation.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hindle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolghih, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaskins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishimoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSalvo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitamoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bainton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/131698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionarily Conserved Roles For Blood-Brain Barrier Xenobiotic Transporters In Endogenous Steroid Partitioning And Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diagnostic, Infection Timing and Incidence Surveillance Applications of High Dynamic Range Chemiluminescent HIV Immuno-Assay Platforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCustom staging assays, including the Sedia HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity EIA (LAg) and avidity modifications of the Ortho VITROS anti-HIV-1+2 and Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assays, are used to identify  recent infections in clinical settings and for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation. However, the high dynamic range of chemiluminescent platforms allows differentiating recent and longstanding infection on signal intensity, and this raises the prospect of using unmodified diagnostic assays for infection timing and surveillance applications.nnMethodsWe tested a panel of 2,500 well-characterised specimens with estimable duration of HIV infection with the three assays and the unmodified ARCHITECT. Regression models were used to estimate mean durations of recent infection (MDRI), context-specific false-recent rates (FRR) and correlation between signal intensity and LAg measurements. A hypothetical epidemiological scenario was constructed to evaluate utility in surveillance applications.nnResultsOver a range of MDRIs (reflecting recency discrimination thresholds), a diluted ARCHITECT-based RITA produced lower FRRs than the VITROS platform (FRR {approx} 0.5% and 1.5% respectively at MDRI of 200 days) and the unmodified diagnostic ARCHITECT produces incidence estimates with comparable precision to LAg (RSE {approx} 17.5% and 15% respectively at MDRI of 200 days). ARCHITECT S/CO measurements were highly correlated with LAg ODn measurements (r = 0.80) and values below 200 are strongly predictive of LAg recency and duration of infection less than one year.nnConclusionsLow quantitative measurements from the unmodified ARCHITECT obviate the need for additional recency testing and its use is feasible in clinical staging and incidence surveillance applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grebe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Facente, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallas, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilcher, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CEPHIA,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diagnostic, Infection Timing and Incidence Surveillance Applications of High Dynamic Range Chemiluminescent HIV Immuno-Assay Platforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FCS In Closed Systems And Application For Membrane Nanotubes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the present study, we developed the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy theory for closed systems with either periodic or reflective boundaries. The illumination could be any arbitrary function. We tested our theory with simulated data of both boundary conditions. We also tested the theory with experimental data of membrane nanotubes, whose circular direction is a closed system. The result shows that the correlation function for nanotubes falls between 1D and 2D diffusion model. The fitting with our model gives an accurate recovery of the diffusion time and nanotube radius. We also give some examples of single molecule experiments for which our theory can be potentially useful.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnykov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FCS In Closed Systems And Application For Membrane Nanotubes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergence of Wnt, Growth Factor and Trimeric G protein signals on Daple 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis are shaped by multiple signaling cascades; their concurrent dysregulation plays an integral role in cancer progression and is a common feature of many malignancies. Three such cascades that contribute to the oncogenic potential are the Wnt/Frizzled(FZD), growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and G-proteins/GPCRs. Here we identify Daple, a modulator of trimeric G-proteins and a Dishevelled (Dvl)-binding protein as an unexpected point of convergence for all three cascades. Daple-dependent activation of Gi and enhancement of non-canonical Wnt signals is not just triggered by Wnt5a/FZD to suppress tumorigenesis, but also hijacked by growth factor-RTKs to stoke tumor progression. Phosphorylation of Daple by both RTKs and non-RTKs triggers Gi activation and potentiates non-canonical Wnt signals that trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In patients with colorectal cancers, concurrent upregulation of Daple and the prototype RTK, EGFR, carried poor prognosis. Thus, this work defines a novel growth factor{leftrightarrow}G-protein{leftrightarrow}Wnt crosstalk paradigm in cancer biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aznar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunkel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterfield, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sanchez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/137125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergence of Wnt, Growth Factor and Trimeric G protein signals on Daple]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/139386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping The Malaria Parasite Drug-Able Genome Using In Vitro Evolution And Chemogenomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/139386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemogenetic characterization through in vitro evolution combined with whole genome analysis is a powerful tool to discover novel antimalarial drug targets and identify drug resistance genes. Our comprehensive genome analysis of 262 Plasmodium falciparum parasites treated with 37 diverse compounds reveals how the parasite evolves to evade the action of small molecule growth inhibitors. This detailed data set revealed 159 gene amplifications and 148 nonsynonymous changes in 83 genes which developed during resistance acquisition. Using a new algorithm, we show that gene amplifications contribute to 1/3 of drug resistance acquisition events. In addition to confirming known multidrug resistance mechanisms, we discovered novel multidrug resistance genes. Furthermore, we identified promising new drug target-inhibitor pairs to advance the malaria elimination campaign, including: thymidylate synthase and a benzoquinazolinone, farnesyltransferase and a pyrimidinedione, and a dipeptidylpeptidase and an arylurea. This deep exploration of the P. falciparum resistome and drug-able genome will guide future drug discovery and structural biology efforts, while also advancing our understanding of resistance mechanisms of the deadliest malaria parasite.nnOne Sentence SummaryWhole genome sequencing reveals how Plasmodium falciparum evolves resistance to diverse compounds and identifies new antimalarial drug targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cowell, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Istvan, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukens, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Lorenzo, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanaerschot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakata-Kato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannery, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magistrado, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamonte, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arriago, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linares, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bopp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corey, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnadig, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coburn-Flynn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murithi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaseichuk, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otillie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamo, F.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/139386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping The Malaria Parasite Drug-Able Genome Using In Vitro Evolution And Chemogenomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMO E3 ligase Mms21 prevents spontaneous DNA damage induced genome rearrangements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/141028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mms21, a subunit of the Smc5/6 complex, possesses an E3 ligase activity for the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO), which has a major, but poorly understood role in genome maintenance. Here we show mutations that inactivate the E3 ligase activity of Mms21 cause Rad52- and Pol32-dependent break-induced replication (BIR), which specifically requires the Rrm3 DNA helicase. Interestingly, mutations affecting both Mms21 and the Sgs1 helicase, but not sumoylation of Sgs1, cause further accumulation of genome rearrangements, indicating the distinct roles of Mms21 and Sgs1 in suppressing genome rearrangements. Whole genome sequencing further revealed that the Mre11 endonuclease prevents microhomology-mediated translocations and hairpin-mediated inverted duplications in the mms21 mutant. Consistent with the accumulation of endogenous DNA lesions, mms21 cells accumulate spontaneous Ddc2 foci and display a hyper-activated DNA damage checkpoint. Together, these findings support a new paradigm that Mms21 prevents the accumulation of spontaneous DNA lesions that cause diverse genome rearrangements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolodner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putnam, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.-z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/141028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMO E3 ligase Mms21 prevents spontaneous DNA damage induced genome rearrangements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Forces driving cell sorting in Hydra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell sorting, whereby a heterogeneous cell mixture organizes into distinct tissues, is a fundamental patterning process in development. So far, most studies of cell sorting have relied either on 2-dimensional cellular aggregates, in vitro situations that do not have a direct counterpart in vivo, or were focused on the properties of single cells. Here, we report the first multiscale experimental study on 3-dimensional regenerating Hydra aggregates, capable of reforming a full animal. By quantifying the kinematics of single cell and whole aggregate behaviors, we show that no differences in cell motility exist among cell types and that sorting dynamics follow a power law. Moreover, we measure the physical properties of separated tissues and determine their viscosities and surface tensions. Based on our experimental results and numerical simulations, we conclude that tissue interfacial tensions are sufficient to explain Hydra cell sorting. Doing so, we illustrate DArcy Thompsons central idea that biological organization can be understood through physical principles, an idea which is currently re-shaping the field of developmental biology.nnSummary statementHydra regenerates after dissociation into single cells. We show how physical mechanisms can explain the first step of regeneration, whereby ectodermal and endodermal cells sort out to form distinct tissue layers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cochet-Escartin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, E.-M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Forces driving cell sorting in Hydra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/145235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Intracellular Pathogen Response Pathway Promotes Proteostasis In C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/145235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintenance of proteostasis is critical for organismal health. Here we describe a novel pathway that promotes proteostasis, identified through the analysis of C. elegans genes upregulated by intracellular infection. We named this distinct transcriptional signature the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), and it includes upregulation of several predicted ubiquitin ligase complex components such as the cullin cul-6. Through a forward genetic screen we found pals-22, a gene of previously unknown function, to be a repressor of the cul-6/Cullin gene and other IPR gene expression. Interestingly, pals-22 mutants have increased thermotolerance and reduced levels of stress-induced polyglutamine aggregates, likely due to upregulated IPR expression. We found the enhanced stress resistance of pals-22 mutants to be dependent on cul-6, suggesting that pals-22 mutants have increased activity of a CUL-6/Cullin-containing ubiquitin ligase complex. pals-22 mutant phenotypes are distinct from the well-studied heat shock and insulin signaling pathways, indicating that the IPR is a novel pathway that protects animals from proteotoxic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowa, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/145235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Intracellular Pathogen Response Pathway Promotes Proteostasis In C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LSD1/KDM1A Maintains Genome-wide Homeostasis of Transcriptional Enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional enhancers enable exquisite spatiotemporal control of gene expression in metazoans. Enrichment of mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) is a major chromatin signature that distinguishes enhancers from gene promoters. Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1, aka KDM1A), an enzyme specific for demethylating H3K4me2/me1, has been shown to "decommission" stem cell enhancers during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). However, the roles of LSD1 in undifferentiated mESC remain obscure. Here, we show that LSD1 occupies a large fraction of enhancers (63%) that are primed with binding of transcription factors (TFs) and H3K4me1 in mESC. In contrast, LSD1 is largely absent at latent enhancers, which are not yet primed by TF binding. Unexpectedly, LSD1 levels at enhancers exhibited a clear positive correlation with its substrate, H3K4me2 and enhancer activity. These enhancers gain additional H3K4 methylation upon the loss of LSD1 in mESC. The aberrant increase in H3K4me at enhancers was accompanied with increases in enhancer H3K27 acetylation and expression of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) and their target genes. In post-mitotic neurons, loss of LSD1 resulted in premature activation of enhancers and genes that are normally induced after neuronal activation. These results demonstrate that LSD1 is a versatile suppressor of primed enhancers, and is involved in homeostasis of enhancer activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garay, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brookes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murata-Nakamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macfarlan, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwase, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/146357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LSD1/KDM1A Maintains Genome-wide Homeostasis of Transcriptional Enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homology-based hydrogen bond information improves crystallographic structures in the PDB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crystallographic structure models in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) are optimized against the crystal diffraction data and geometrical restraints. This process of crystallographic refinement typically ignored hydrogen bond (H-bond) distances as a source of information. However, H-bond restraints can improve structures, especially at low resolution where diffraction data are limited. To improve low-resolution structure refinement, we present methods for deriving H-bond information either globally from well-refined high-resolution structures from the PDB-REDO databank, or specifically from on-the-fly constructed sets of homologous high-resolution structures. Refinement incorporating HOmology DErived Restraints (HODER), improves geometrical quality and the fit to the diffraction data for many low-resolution structures. Using approximately 60 years of CPU-time in massively parallel computing, we constructed a new instance of the PDB-REDO databank, a novel resource to help biologists gain insight on protein families or on specific structures, as we demonstrate with examples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van Beusekom, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touw, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatineni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajagopal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliland, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrakis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joosten, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/147231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homology-based hydrogen bond information improves crystallographic structures in the PDB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PinAPL-Py: a web-service for the analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 Screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLarge-scale genetic screens using CRISPR/Cas9 technology have emerged as a major tool for functional genomics. With its increased popularity, experimental biologists frequently acquire large sequencing datasets for which they often do not have an easy analysis option. While a few bioinformatic tools have been developed for this purpose, their utility is still hindered either due to limited functionality or the requirement of bioinformatic expertise.nnResultsTo make sequencing data analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 screens more accessible to a wide range of scientists, we developed a Platform-independent Analysis of Pooled Screens using Python (PinAPL-Py), which is operated as an intuitive web-service. PinAPL-Py implements state-of-the-art tools and statistical models, assembled in a comprehensive workflow covering sequence quality control, automated sgRNA sequence extraction, alignment, sgRNA enrichment/depletion analysis and gene ranking. The workflow is set up to use a variety of popular sgRNA libraries as well as custom libraries that can be easily uploaded. Various analysis options are offered, suitable to analyze a large variety of CRISPR/Cas9 screening experiments. Analysis output includes ranked lists of sgRNAs and genes, and publication-ready plots.nnConclusionsPinAPL-Py helps to advance genome-wide screening efforts by combining comprehensive functionality with user-friendly implementation. PinAPL-Py is freely accessible at http://pinapl-py.ucsd.edu with instructions, documentation and test datasets. The source code is available at https://github.com/LewisLabUCSD/PinAPL-Py
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spahn, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bath, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/147462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PinAPL-Py: a web-service for the analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 Screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Akt/PKB enhances non-canonical Wnt signals by compartmentalizing β-Catenin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular proliferation is antagonistically regulated by canonical and non-canonical Wnt signals; their dysbalance triggers cancers. It is widely believed that the PI3-K[-&gt;] Akt pathway enhances canonical Wnt signals by affecting transcriptional activity and stability of {beta}-catenin. Here we demonstrate that the PI3-K[-&gt;]Akt pathway also enhances non-canonical Wnt signals by compartmentalizing {beta}-catenin. By phosphorylating the phosphoinositide(PI)-binding domain of a multimodular signal transducer, Daple, Akt abolishes Daples ability to bind PI3-P-enriched endosomes that engage dynein motor complex for long-distance trafficking of {beta}-catenin/E-cadherin complexes to pericentriolar recycling endosomes (PCREs). Phosphorylation compartmentalizes Daple/{beta}-catenin/E-cadherin complexes to cell-cell contact sites, enhances non-canonical Wnt signals, and thereby, suppresses colony growth. Dephosphorylation compartmentalizes {beta}-catenin on PCREs, a specialized compartment for prolonged unopposed canonical Wnt signaling, and enhances colony growth. Cancer-associated Daple mutants that are insensitive to Akt mimic a constitutively dephosphorylated state. This work not only identifies Daple as a platform for crosstalk between Akt and the non-canonical Wnt pathway, but also reveals the impact of such crosstalk during cancer initiation and progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aznar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunkel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buschman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/149351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Akt/PKB enhances non-canonical Wnt signals by compartmentalizing β-Catenin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phenotypic consequences of RNA polymerase dysregulation in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many bacterial adaptive responses to changes in growth conditions due to biotic and abiotic factors involve reprogramming of gene expression at the transcription level. The bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP), which catalyzes transcription, can thus be considered as the major mediator of cellular adaptive strategies. But how do bacteria respond if a stress factor directly compromises the activity of the RNAP? We used a phage-derived small protein to specifically perturb bacterial RNAP activity in exponentially growing Escherichia coli. Using cytological profiling, tracking RNAP behavior at single-molecule level and transcriptome analysis, we reveal that adaptation to conditions that directly perturb bacterial RNAP performance can result in a biphasic growth behavior and thereby confer the  adapted bacterial cells an enhanced ability to tolerate diverse antibacterial stresses. The results imply that while synthetic transcriptional rewiring may confer bacteria with the intended desirable properties, such approaches may also collaterally allow them to acquire undesirable traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Switzer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wigneshweraraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/150581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phenotypic consequences of RNA polymerase dysregulation in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amyloid accumulation drives proteome-wide alterations in mouse models of Alzheimers disease like pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid beta (A{beta}) peptides impair multiple cellular pathways in the brain and play a causative role in Alzheimers disease (AD) pathology, but how the brain proteome is remodeled during this process is unknown. To identify new protein networks associated with AD-like pathology, we performed global quantitative proteomic analysis in three mouse models at pre- and post-symptomatic ages. Our analysis revealed a robust and consistent increase in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels in nearly all transgenic brain regions with increased A{beta} levels. Taken together with prior findings on ApoE driving A{beta} accumulation, this analysis points to a pathological dysregulation of the ApoE-A{beta} axis. We also found dysregulation of protein networks involved in excitatory synaptic transmission consistent with AD pathophysiology. Targeted analysis of the AMPA receptor complex revealed a specific loss of TARP{gamma}-2, a key AMPA receptor trafficking protein. Expression of TARP{gamma}-2 in vivo in hAPP transgenic mice led to a restoration of AMPA currents. This database of proteome alterations represents a unique resource for the identification of protein alterations responsible for AD.nnHighlightsO_LIProteomic analysis of mouse brains with AD-like pathology reveals stark remodelingnC_LIO_LIProteomic evidence points to a dysregulation of ApoE levels associated with A{beta} clearance rather than productionnC_LIO_LICo-expression analysis found distinctly impaired synapse and mitochondria modulesnC_LIO_LIIn-depth analyses of AMPAR complex points to loss of TARP{gamma}-2, which may compromise synapses in ADnC_LInneTOC BlurbProteome-wide profiling of brain tissue from three mouse models of AD-like pathology reveals A{beta}, brain region, and age dependent alterations of protein levels. This resource provides a new global protein expression atlas for the Alzheimers disease research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Savas, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNardo, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Bartolome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClatchy, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hark, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanks, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cozzolino, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavallee-Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smukowski, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masliah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/150623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amyloid accumulation drives proteome-wide alterations in mouse models of Alzheimers disease like pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced cross-modal activation of sensory cortex in mouse models of autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/150839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYSynesthesia is a condition wherein one sense is evoked by another. Recent studies suggested a higher incidence of synesthesia among people with autism. However, the underlying circuit mechanism of the comorbidity remains unknown partly due to lack of animal models. Here, we measured auditory response of primary visual cortex (V1) in mouse models to estimate the mixture level of their senses. We found that the V1 auditory response exhibits bidirectional cross-modal plasticity and depends on the level of GABA-mediated inhibition. Analysis of the V1 auditory response in autistic BTBR strain revealed its contralateral bias as in primary auditory cortex, and the auditory evoked field potential was enhanced at gamma range. Furthermore, early sound-driven spike modulation of V1 was commonly shifted toward enhancement in three different autism models (BTBR, NL3 R451C, SCN1A R1407X). Disruption of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) circuit balance is prevalent among autistic people and mouse models. Thus, our results suggest that E/I imbalance may be the common circuit dysfunction for both autism and synesthesia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hattori, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Südhof, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamakawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensch, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/150839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced cross-modal activation of sensory cortex in mouse models of autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of steroid specificity in human, chicken, alligator, frog and zebrafish mineralocorticoid receptors: Allosteric interactions affect steroid specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We studied the response to aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, corticosterone, progesterone, 19-norprogesterone and spironolactone of human, chicken, alligator, frog and zebrafish full-length mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and truncated MRs, lacking the N-terminal domain (NTD) and DNA-binding domain (DBD), in which the hinge domain and ligand binding domain (LBD) were fused to a GAL4-DBD. Compared to full-length MRs, some vertebrate MRs required higher steroid concentrations to activate GAL4-DBD-MR-hinge/LBD constructs. For example, 11-deoxycortisol activated all full-length vertebrate MRs, but did not activate truncated terrestrial vertebrate MRs and was an agonist for truncated zebrafish MR. Progesterone, 19-norProgesterone and spironolactone did not activate full-length and truncated human, alligator and frog MRs. However, at 10 nM, these steroids activated full-length chicken and zebrafish MRs; at 100 nM, these steroids had little activity for truncated chicken MRs, while retaining activity for truncated zebrafish MRs, evidence that regulation of progestin activation of chicken MR resides in NTD/DBD and of zebrafish MR in hinge-LBD. Zebrafish and chicken MRs contain a serine corresponding to Ser810 in human MR, required for its antagonism by progesterone, suggesting novel regulation of progestin activation of chicken and zebrafish MRs. Progesterone may be a physiological activator of chicken and zebrafish MRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/151233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of steroid specificity in human, chicken, alligator, frog and zebrafish mineralocorticoid receptors: Allosteric interactions affect steroid specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximity labeling reveals an extensive steady-state stress granule interactome and insights to neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stress granules (SGs) are transient ribonucleoprotein (RNP) aggregates that form in response to proteotoxic stress. Although SGs are distinct from aggregates observed in neurodegenerative disorders, they share protein components. We used APEX-mediated proximity labeling combined with quantitative mass spectrometry and high-throughput imaging to identify >100 previously unknown SG proteins in human cells, about 10% of which localize to SGs in a cell type- or stress type-dependent manner. Supporting a link between SG proteins and neurodegeneration, we demonstrate aberrant SG composition and subcellular distribution in iPSC-derived motor neurons from ALS patients, and identify several known and previously unidentified SG proteins that modify toxicity of mutant FUS and TDP-43 overexpression in Drosophila. We show that even in an unstressed steady-state, SG proteins form a densely-connected protein interaction network (PIN) and propose a model in which existing RNPs coalesce rapidly into microscopically visible granules that can act as gateways to pathological protein aggregation.nnHighlights O_LIAPEX proximity labeling of dynamic RNP granules identifies over 100 novel SG proteinsnC_LIO_LISG proteins form a densely-connected protein interaction network in unstressed cellsnC_LIO_LISystematic immunofluorescence analysis reveals stress- and cell type-specific SG compositionnC_LIO_LIALS motor neurons contain SGs with distinct content and subcellular distributionnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markmiller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltanieh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Server, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kankel, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecuyer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/152520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximity labeling reveals an extensive steady-state stress granule interactome and insights to neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lis1 has two opposing modes of regulating cytoplasmic dynein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/152645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation is central to the functional versatility of cytoplasmic dynein, a motor involved in intracellular transport, cell division, and neurodevelopment. Previous work established that Lis1, a conserved and ubiquitous regulator of dynein, binds to its motor domain and induces a tight microtubule-binding state in dynein. The work we present here--a combination of biochemistry, single-molecule assays, cryo-electron microscopy and in vivo experiments--led to the surprising discovery that Lis1 has two opposing modes of regulating dynein, being capable of inducing both low and high affinity for the microtubule. We show that these opposing modes depend on the stoichiometry of Lis1 binding to dynein and that this stoichiometry is regulated by the nucleotide state of dyneins AAA3 domain. We present data on the in vitro and in vivo consequences of abolishing the novel Lis1-induced weak microtubule-binding state in dynein and propose a new model for the regulation of dynein by Lis1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeSantis, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cianfrocco, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Htet, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/152645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lis1 has two opposing modes of regulating cytoplasmic dynein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/153007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential roles of sleep spindles and sleep slow oscillations in memory consolidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/153007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep plays an important role in consolidation of recent memories. However, the mechanisms of consolidation remain poorly understood. In this study, using a realistic computational model of the thalamocortical network, we demonstrated that sleep spindles (the hallmark of N2 stage sleep) and slow oscillations (the hallmark of N3 stage sleep) both facilitate spike sequence replay as necessary for consolidation. When multiple memories were trained, the local nature of spike sequence replay during spindles allowed replay of the memories independently, while during slow oscillations replay of the weak memory was competing to the strong memory replay. This led to the weak memory extinction unless when sleep spindles (N2 sleep) preceded slow oscillations (N3 sleep), as observed during natural sleep. Our study presents a mechanistic explanation for the role of sleep rhythms in memory consolidation and proposes a testable hypothesis how the natural structure of sleep stages provides an optimal environment to consolidate memories.nnSignificant StatementNumerous studies suggest importance of NREM sleep rhythms - spindles and slow oscillations - in sleep related memory consolidation. However, synaptic mechanisms behind the role of these rhythms in memory and learning are still unknown. Our new study predicts that sleep replay - the neuronal substrate of memory consolidation - is organized within the sleep spindles and coordinated by the Down to Up state transitions of the slow oscillation. For multiple competing memories, slow oscillations facilitated only strongest memory replay, while sleep spindles allowed a consolidation of the multiple competing memories independently. Our study predicts how the basic structure of the natural sleep stages provides an optimal environment for consolidation of multiple memories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/153007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential roles of sleep spindles and sleep slow oscillations in memory consolidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/153056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predator-secreted sulfolipids induce fear-like defense responses in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/153056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals respond to predators by altering their behavior and physiological states, but the underlying signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. Using the interactions between Caenorhabditis elegans and its predator, Pristionchus pacificus, we show that neuronal perception by C. elegans of a predator-specific molecular signature induces instantaneous escape behavior and a prolonged reduction in oviposition. Chemical analysis revealed this predator-specific signature to consist of a class of sulfolipids, produced by a biochemical pathway required for developing predacious behavior and specifically induced by starvation. These sulfolipids are detected by four pairs of C. elegans amphid sensory neurons that act redundantly and recruit cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to drive both escape and reduced oviposition. Specific abolishment of predator-evoked C. elegans responses by the anti-anxiety drug sertraline as well as functional homology of the delineated signaling pathways suggests a conserved or convergent strategy for managing predator threats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kariya, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chute, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribadi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinwand, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/153056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predator-secreted sulfolipids induce fear-like defense responses in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic hazard scores in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/156331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying asymptomatic older individuals at elevated risk for developing Alzheimers disease (AD) is of clinical importance. Among 1,081 asymptomatic older adults, a recently validated polygenic hazard score (PHS) significantly predicted time to AD dementia and steeper longitudinal cognitive decline, even after controlling for APOE {varepsilon}4 carrier status. Older individuals in the highest PHS percentiles showed the highest AD incidence rates. PHS predicted longitudinal clinical decline among older individuals with moderate to high CERAD (amyloid) and Braak (tau) scores at autopsy, even among APOE {varepsilon}4 non-carriers. Beyond APOE, PHS may help identify asymptomatic individuals at highest risk for developing Alzheimers neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broce, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovici, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besser, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukull, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/156331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic hazard scores in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune-related genetic enrichment in frontotemporal dementia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundConverging evidence suggests that immune-mediated dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Although genetic studies have shown that immune-associated loci are associated with increased FTD risk, a systematic investigation of genetic overlap between immune-mediated diseases and the spectrum of FTD-related disorders has not been performed.nnMethods and findingsUsing large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (total n = 192,886 cases and controls) and recently developed tools to quantify genetic overlap/pleiotropy, we systematically identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) jointly associated with  FTD-related disorders namely FTD, corticobasal degeneration (CBD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - and one or more immune-mediated diseases including Crohns disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), celiac disease (CeD), and psoriasis (PSOR). We found up to 270-fold genetic enrichment between FTD and RA and comparable enrichment between FTD and UC, T1D, and CeD. In contrast, we found only modest genetic enrichment between any of the immune-mediated diseases and CBD, PSP or ALS. At a conjunction false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, we identified numerous FTD-immune pleiotropic SNPs within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6. By leveraging the immune diseases, we also found novel FTD susceptibility loci within LRRK2 (Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2), TBKBP1 (TANK-binding kinase 1 Binding Protein 1), and PGBD5 (PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 5). Functionally, we found that expression of FTD-immune pleiotropic genes (particularly within the HLA region) is altered in postmortem brain tissue from patients with frontotemporal dementia and is enriched in microglia compared to other central nervous system (CNS) cell types.nnConclusionsWe show considerable immune-mediated genetic enrichment specifically in FTD, particularly within the HLA region. Our genetic results suggest that for a subset of patients, immune dysfunction may contribute to risk for FTD. These findings have potential implications for clinical trials targeting immune dysfunction in patients with FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broce, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höglinger, G. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>- International FTD-Genomics Consortium (IFGC),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momeni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovici, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldink, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/157875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune-related genetic enrichment in frontotemporal dementia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/161133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Positive Feedback Between Contractile Ring Myosin and Ring-Directed Cortical Flow Drives Cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/161133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cytokinesis, an equatorial actomyosin contractile ring constricts at a relatively constant overall rate despite its progressively decreasing size. Thus, the per-unit-length rate of ring closure increases as ring perimeter decreases. To understand this acceleration, we monitored cortical surface and ring component dynamics during the first division of the C. elegans embryo. We show that the polar cortex expands during ring constriction to provide the cortical surface area required for division. Polar expansion also allows ring myosin to compress cortical surface along the pole-to-pole axis, leading to a continuous flow of cortical surface into the ring. We propose that feedback between ring myosin and compression-driven cortical flow drives an exponential increase in the amount of ring myosin that maintains the high overall closure rate as ring perimeter decreases. We further show that an analytical mathematical formulation of the proposed feedback, called the Compression Feedback model, recapitulates the experimental observations.nnIMPACT STATEMENTDuring cytokinesis, positive feedback between myosin motors in the contractile ring and compression-driven cortical flow along the axis perpendicular to the ring drives constriction rate acceleration to ensure timely cell separation.nnMAJOR SUBJECT AREASCell biology, Computational and Systems Biology
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khaliullin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berns, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Cavazos, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/161133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Positive Feedback Between Contractile Ring Myosin and Ring-Directed Cortical Flow Drives Cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting Population Substructure in India via Correlation Optimization of Genetics and Geodemographics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
India represents an intricate tapestry of population substructure shaped by geography, language, culture and social stratification. While geography closely correlates with genetic structure in other parts of the world, the strict endogamy imposed by the Indian caste system and the large number of spoken languages add further levels of complexity to understand Indian population structure. To date, no study has attempted to model and evaluate how these factors have interacted to shape the patterns of genetic diversity within India. We merged all publicly available data from the Indian subcontinent into a data set of 891 individuals from 90 well-defined groups. Bringing together geography, genetics and demographic factors, we developed COGG (Correlation Optimization of Genetics and Geodemographics) to build a model that explains the observed population genetic substructure. We show that shared language along with social structure have been the most powerful forces in creating paths of gene flow in the subcontinent. Furthermore, we discover the ethnic groups that best capture the diverse genetic substructure highlighted by COGG. Integrating data from India with a data set of additional 1,323 individuals from 50 populations we find that Europeans show shared genetic drift with the Indo-European and Dravidian speakers of India, whereas the East Asians have the maximum shared genetic drift with Tibeto-Burman speaking tribal groups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parida, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paschou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drineas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/164640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting Population Substructure in India via Correlation Optimization of Genetics and Geodemographics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating inflation in GWAS summary statistics due to variance distortion from cryptic relatedness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptic relatedness is inherently a feature of large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and can give rise to considerable inflation in summary statistics for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with phenotypes. It has proven difficult to disentangle these inflationary effects from true polygenic effects. Here we present results of a model that enables estimation of polygenicity, mean strength of association, and residual inflation in GWAS summary statistics. We show that there is substantial residual inflation in recent large GWAS of height and schizophrenia; correcting for this reduces the number of independent genome-wide significant loci from the reported values of 697 for height and 108 for schizophrenia to 368 and 61, respectively. In contrast, a larger GWAS of educational attainment shows no residual inflation. Additionally, we find that height has a relatively low polygenicity, with approximately 8k SNPs having causal association, more than an order of magnitude less than has been reported. The residual inflation in GWAS summary statistics can be corrected using the standard genomic control procedure with the estimated residual inflation factor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/164939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating inflation in GWAS summary statistics due to variance distortion from cryptic relatedness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/165373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic hazard score: an enrichment marker for Alzheimer’s associated amyloid and tau deposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/165373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThere is an urgent need for the early identification of nondemented individuals at the highest risk of progressing to Alzheimers disease (AD) dementia for early therapeutic interventions. Our goal was to evaluate whether a recently validated polygenic hazard score (PHS) can be integrated with known in vivo CSF or PET biomarkers of amyloid or tau pathology to prospectively predict cognitive decline and clinical progression to AD dementia in nondemented older individuals.nnMethodsWe evaluated 347 cognitive normal (CN) and 599 mild cognitively impaired (MCI) individuals. We first investigated whether PHS can predict CSF or PET amyloid and tau deposition. We evaluated differences in positive and negative predictive values of biomarker status, as a function of PHS risk. Next, we used linear mixed-effects (LME) to examine if PHS and biomarker status in conjunction, best predict longitudinal cognitive and clinical progression. Lastly, we used survival analysis to investigate whether a combination of PHS and biomarker positivity predicts progression to AD dementia better than using PHS or biomarker positivity alone.nnFindingsIn CN and MCI individuals, we found that amyloid and total tau positivity systematically varies as a function of PHS. For individuals in greater than the 50th percentile PHS, the positive predictive value for amyloid approached 100%. Similarly, for individuals in less than the 25th percentile PHS, the negative predictive value for total tau approached 85%. Beyond APOE, high PHS individuals with amyloid and tau pathology showed the fastest rate of longitudinal cognitive decline and time to AD dementia progression. Among the CN subgroup, we similarly found that PHS was strongly associated with amyloid positivity and the combination of PHS and biomarker status significantly predicted longitudinal clinical progression.nnInterpretationAmong asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic older individuals, PHS considerably improves the predictive value of CSF or PET amyloid and tau biomarkers. Beyond APOE, PHS may be useful for risk stratification and cohort enrichment for MCI and preclinical AD therapeutic trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mormino, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broce, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillion, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovici, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/165373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic hazard score: an enrichment marker for Alzheimer’s associated amyloid and tau deposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/165506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ssbio: A Python Framework for Structural Systems Biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/165506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryWorking with protein structures at the genome-scale has been challenging in a variety of ways. Here, we present ssbio, a Python package that provides a framework to easily work with structural information in the context of genome-scale network reconstructions, which can contain thousands of individual proteins. The ssbio package provides an automated pipeline to construct high quality genome-scale models with protein structures (GEM-PROs), wrappers to popular third-party programs to compute associated protein properties, and methods to visualize and annotate structures directly in Jupyter notebooks, thus lowering the barrier of linking 3D structural data with established systems workflows.nnAvailability and Implementationssbio is implemented in Python and available to download under the MIT license at http://github.com/SBRG/ssbio. Documentation and Jupyter notebook tutorials are available at http://ssbio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. Interactive notebooks can be launched using Binder at https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/SBRG/ssbio/master?filepath=Binder.ipynb.nnContactnmih@ucsd.edunnSupplementary InformationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catoiu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavvas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/165506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ssbio: A Python Framework for Structural Systems Biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic mapping of chromatin state landscapes during mouse development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryogenesis requires epigenetic information that allows each cell to respond appropriately to developmental cues. Histone modifications are core components of a cells epigenome, giving rise to chromatin states that modulate genome function. Here, we systematically profile histone modifications in a diverse panel of mouse tissues at 8 developmental stages from 10.5 days post conception until birth, performing a total of 1,128 ChIP-seq assays across 72 distinct tissue-stages. We combine these histone modification profiles into a unified set of chromatin state annotations, and track their activity across developmental time and space. Through integrative analysis we identify dynamic enhancers, reveal key transcriptional regulators, and characterize the role of chromatin-based repression in developmental gene regulation. We also leverage these data to link enhancers to putative target genes, revealing connections between coding and non-coding sequence variation in disease etiology. Our study provides a compendium of resources for biomedical researchers, and achieves the most comprehensive view of embryonic chromatin states to date.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strattan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plajzer-Frick, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickle, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garvin, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, Q. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannion, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuda-Yuzawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trout, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrhein, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherry, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic mapping of chromatin state landscapes during mouse development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal expression divergence of network modules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we propose new module-based approaches to identify differentially regulated network sub-modules combining temporal trajectories of expression profiles with static network skeletons. Starting from modules identified by network clustering of static networks, our analysis refines pre-defined genesets by partitioning them into smaller homogeneous sets by non-paramettric Bayesian methods. Especially for case-control time series data we developed multi-time point discriminative models and identified each network module as a mixture or admixture of dynamic discriminative functions. Our results shows that our proposed approach outperformed existing geneset enrichment methods in simulation studies. Moreover we applied the methods to neural stem cell differentiation data, and discovered novel modules differentially perturbed in different developmental stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/167734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal expression divergence of network modules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Category learning biases sensory representations in visual cortex. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/170845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Categorization allows organisms to generalize existing knowledge to novel stimuli and to discriminate between physically similar yet conceptually different stimuli. Humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents can readily learn arbitrary categories defined by low-level visual features, and learning distorts perceptual sensitivity for category-defining features such that differences between physically similar yet categorically distinct exemplars are enhanced while differences between equally similar but categorically identical stimuli are reduced. We report a basis for these distortions in human occipitoparietal cortex. In three experiments, we used an inverted encoding model to recover population-level representations of stimuli from multivoxel and multi-electrode patterns of human brain activity while human participants (both sexes) classified continuous stimulus sets into discrete groups. In each experiment, reconstructed representations of to-be-categorized stimuli were systematically biased towards the center of the appropriate category. These biases were largest for exemplars near a category boundary, predicted participants overt category judgments, emerged shortly after stimulus onset, and could not be explained by mechanisms of response selection or motor preparation. Collectively, our findings suggest that category learning can influence processing at the earliest stages of cortical visual processing.

Significance StatementCategory learning enhances perceptual sensitivity for physically similar yet categorically different stimuli. We report a possible mechanism for these distortions in human occipitoparietal cortex.. In three experiments, we used an inverted encoding model to recover population-level representations of stimuli from multivariate patterns in occipitoparietal cortex while participants categorized sets of continuous stimuli into discrete groups. The recovered representations were systematically biased by category membership, with larger biases for exemplars adjacent to a category boundary. These results suggest that mechanisms of categorization shape information processing at the earliest stages of the visual system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ester, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/170845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Category learning biases sensory representations in visual cortex.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of KCC2-Dependent Potassium Efflux in 4-Aminopyridine-Induced Epileptiform Synchronization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/171488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A balance between excitation and inhibition is required to maintain stable brain network dynamics. Traditionally, seizure activity is believed to arise from the breakdown of this delicate balance in favor of excitation with loss of inhibition. Surprisingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that this conventional view may be untrue, and that inhibition plays a prominent role in the development of epileptiform synchronization. Here, we explored the role of the co-transporter KCC2 in the onset of inhibitory network-induced seizures. Our experiments in acute mouse brain slices of either sex revealed that optogenetic stimulation of either parvalbumin- or somatostatin-expressing interneurons induced ictal discharges in rodent entorhinal cortex during 4-aminopyridine application. These data point to a proconvulsive role of GABAA receptor signaling that is independent of the inhibitory input location (i.e., dendritic vs. somatic). Further, we developed a biophysically realistic network model implementing complex dynamics of the ion concentrations to explore the mechanisms leading to inhibitory network-induced seizures. In agreement with experimental results, we found that stimulation of inhibitory interneurons induced seizure-like activity in a network with reduced potassium A-current. Model predicted that interneuron stimulation triggered interneuron firing that was accompanied by an increase in intracellular chloride and a subsequent KCC2-dependent gradual accumulation of extracellular potassium promoting epileptiform ictal activity. When the KCC2 activity was reduced, stimulation of the interneurons was no longer able to induce ictal events. Overall, our study provides evidence for a proconvulsive role of GABAA receptor signaling that depends on the involvement of the KCC2 co-transporter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiri, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avoli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/171488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of KCC2-Dependent Potassium Efflux in 4-Aminopyridine-Induced Epileptiform Synchronization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/172320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable components of the reward circuit are involved in appraisal versus choice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/172320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
People can evaluate a set of options as a whole, or they can approach those same options with the purpose of making a choice between them. A common network has been implicated across these two types of evaluations, including regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the posterior midline. We test the hypothesis that sub-components of this reward circuit are differentially involved in triggering more automatic appraisal of ones options (Dorsal Value Network) versus explicitly comparing between those options (Ventral Value Network). Participants undergoing fMRI were instructed to appraise how much they liked a set of products (Like) or to choose the product they most preferred (Choose). Activity in the Dorsal Value Network consistently tracked set liking, across both task-relevant (Like) and task-irrelevant (Choose) trials. In contrast, the Ventral Value Network was sensitive to evaluation condition (more active during Choose than Like trials). Within vmPFC, anatomically distinct regions were dissociated in their sensitivity to choice (ventrally, in medial OFC) versus appraisal (dorsally, in pregenual ACC). Dorsal regions additionally tracked decision certainty across both types of evaluation. These findings suggest that separable mechanisms drive decisions about how good ones options are versus decisions about which option is best.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shenhav, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmarkar, U. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/172320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable components of the reward circuit are involved in appraisal versus choice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/176768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The antibody repertoire of colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/176768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3Immunotherapy is becoming increasingly important in the fight against cancers, utilizing and manipulating the bodys immune response to treat tumors. Understanding the immune repertoire - the collection of immunological proteins - of treated and untreated cells is possible at the genomic, but technically difficult at the protein level. Standard protein databases do not include the highly divergent sequences of somatic rearranged immunoglobulin genes, and may lead to missed identifications in a mass spectrometry search. We introduce a novel proteogenomic approach, AbScan, to identify these highly variable antibody peptides, by developing a customized antibody database construction method using RNA-seq reads aligned to immunoglobulin (Ig) genes.nnAbScan starts by filtering transcript (RNA-seq) reads that match the template for Ig genes. The retained reads are used to construct a repertoire graph using the  split de Bruijn graph: a graph structure that improves upon the standard de Bruijn graph to capture the high diversity of Ig genes in a compact manner. AbScan corrects for sequencing errors, and converts the graph to a format suitable for searching with MS/MS search tools. We used AbScan to create an antibody database from 90 RNA-seq colorectal tumor samples. Next, we used proteogenomics analysis to search MS/MS spectra of matched colorectal samples from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) against the AbScan generated database. AbScan identified 1, 940 distinct antibody peptides. Correlating with previously identified Single Amino-Acid Variants (SAAVs) in the tumor samples, we identified 163 pairs (antibody peptide, SAAV) with significant co-occurrence pattern in the 90 samples. The presence of co-expressed antibody and mutated peptides was correlated with survival time of the individuals. Our results suggest that AbScan(https://github.com/csw407/AbScan.git) is an effective tool for a proteomic exploration of the immune response in cancers.nnnnO_TBL View this table:norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@62001corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f542faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10048d0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ac5a75org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@66db0f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_TBL C_TBL
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cha, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonissone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/176768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The antibody repertoire of colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When conflict cannot be avoided: executive control dominates early selective sensory modulations during cognitive conflict 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When different sources of sensory information suggest competing behavioral responses, the efficiency of decision-making is impaired. Prior work suggests that at least two mechanisms may play a role in mitigating this interference: using early selective attention to extract the most relevant sensory inputs to avoid conflict or increasing the efficiency of the executive control network to resolve conflict during post-perceptual processing. To test these alternatives, we combined a stimulus-frequency tagging technique with a classic color-word Stroop paradigm, where color-bar targets and letter-string distractors were simultaneously flickered at different frequencies. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we measured the quality of early sensory processing by assessing the amplitude of steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) elicited by the targets and distractors. We also measured the engagement of the executive control network by assessing changes in frontal theta (4-7Hz) and posterior alpha oscillations (8-14Hz). Counter to the  early selective sensory modulation account, the amplitude of the SSVEP response was not modulated by manipulations of color/word congruency, while the frontal theta activity increased and the posterior alpha activity decreased in response to conflict. Moreover, target-related SSVEP amplitude was not correlated with response times (RTs) and a higher (not lower) distractor-related SSVEP amplitude predicted faster RTs. On the other hand, the amplitude of the frontal theta and alpha activity was highly correlated with RTs, irrespective of conflict levels. Over all, these results highlight the dominant role of the executive control network in conflict resolution during post-perceptual processing.nnSignificance StatementConflicting information interferes with decision-making. However, this interference can be mitigated either by extracting the most relevant inputs during early sensory processing or by increasing the efficiency of the executive control processes to resolve conflict. By measuring electroencephalography (EEG) in humans performing a modified color-word Stroop task, we examined early sensory responses evoked by targets and distractors while simultaneously monitoring frontal theta and posterior alpha oscillations to index the activation of the executive control network. We found evidence that the executive control network played a more prominent role in resolving conflict.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Itthipuripat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deering, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When conflict cannot be avoided: executive control dominates early selective sensory modulations during cognitive conflict]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building a genome browser with GIVE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growing popularity and diversity of genomic data demands portable and versatile genome browsers. Here, we present an open source programming library, called GIVE that facilitates creation of personalized genome browsers without requiring a system administrator. By inserting HTML tags, one can add to a personal webpage interactive visualization of multiple types of genomics data, including genome annotation, "linear" quantitative data (wiggle), and genome interaction data. GIVE includes a graphical interface called HUG (HTML Universal Generator) that automatically generates HTML code for displaying user chosen data, which can be copy-pasted into users personal website or saved and shared with collaborators. The simplicity of use was enabled by encapsulation of novel data communication and visualization technologies, including new data structures, a memory management method, and a double layer display method. GIVE is available at: http://www.givengine.org/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building a genome browser with GIVE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/179127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome-scale study of metabolic complementation in endosymbiotic consortia: the case of the cedar aphid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/179127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial endosymbionts and their insect hosts establish an intimate metabolic relationship. Bacteria offer a variety of essential nutrients to their hosts, whereas insect cells provide the necessary sources of matter and energy to their tiny metabolic allies. These nutritional complementations sustain themselves on a diversity of metabolite exchanges between the cell host and the reduced yet highly specialized bacterial metabolism -which, for instance, overproduces a small set of essential amino acids and vitamins. A well-known case of metabolic complementation is provided by the cedar aphid Cinara cedri that harbors two co-primary endosymbionts, Buchnera aphidicola BCc and Ca. Serratia symbiotica SCc, and in which some metabolic pathways are partitioned between different partners. Here we present a genome scale metabolic network (GEM) for the bacterial consortium from the cedar aphid iBSCc. The analysis of this GEM allows us the confirmation of cases of metabolic complementation previously described by genome analysis (i.e. tryptophan and biotin biosynthesis) and the proposal of a hitherto unnoticed event of metabolic pathway sharing between the two endosymbionts, namely the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate. In silico knock-out experiments with iBSCc showed that the consortium metabolism is a highly integrated yet fragile network. We also have explored the evolutionary pathways leading to the emergence of metabolic complementation between reduced metabolisms starting from individual, complete networks. Our results suggest that, during the establishment of metabolic complementation in endosymbionts, adaptive evolution is more significant than previously thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ponce-de-Leon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamarit, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calle-Espinosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latorre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montero, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/179127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome-scale study of metabolic complementation in endosymbiotic consortia: the case of the cedar aphid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural algorithm for a fundamental computing problem 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Similarity search, such as identifying similar images in a database or similar documents on the Web, is a fundamental computing problem faced by many large-scale information retrieval systems. We discovered that the flys olfac-tory circuit solves this problem using a novel variant of a traditional computer science algorithm (called locality-sensitive hashing). The flys circuit assigns similar neural activity patterns to similar input stimuli (odors), so that behav-iors learned from one odor can be applied when a similar odor is experienced. The flys algorithm, however, uses three new computational ingredients that depart from traditional approaches. We show that these ingredients can be translated to improve the performance of similarity search compared to tra-ditional algorithms when evaluated on several benchmark datasets. Overall, this perspective helps illuminate the logic supporting an important sensory function (olfaction), and it provides a conceptually new algorithm for solving a fundamental computational problem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural algorithm for a fundamental computing problem]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systemic post-translational control of bacterial metabolism regulates adaptation in dynamic environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/180646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Across all domains of life, elaborate control mechanisms regulate proteins, pathways, and cell phenotypes as organisms adapt to ever-changing environments. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow cells to rapidly and reversibly regulate molecular pathways, but it remains unclear how individual PTMs regulate fitness. Here, we studied >130 PTM sites in Escherichia coli to unravel how PTMs regulate cell metabolism and fitness in response to environmental changes, such as the glucose-acetate diauxie. Using a new metabolic modeling approach, we found a significant fraction of post-translationally modified enzymes are predicted to control shifts in pathway usage following evolutionarily-important environmental changes. Genetic screens using Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering confirmed that these PTMs impact cellular fitness, especially under dynamically changing environments. Finally, mechanisms of how individual PTMs impact protein function were detailed using molecular dynamics simulations and enzyme assays for enolase, transaldolase, and serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Thus, by integrating whole-cell data and pathway modeling with detailed biochemical analysis, we unraveled how individual PTMs regulate enzymes, pathways, and phenotypes to adapt to sudden environmental changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brunk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckmiller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/180646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systemic post-translational control of bacterial metabolism regulates adaptation in dynamic environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CXCR4 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/181693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases likely share common underlying pathobiology. Although prior work has identified susceptibility loci associated with various dementias, few, if any, studies have systematically evaluated shared genetic risk across several neurodegenerative diseases. Using genome-wide association data from large studies (total n = 82,337 cases and controls), we utilized a previously validated approach to identify genetic overlap and reveal common pathways between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinsons disease (PD) and Alzheimers disease (AD). In addition to the MAPT H1 haplotype, we identified a variant near the chemokine receptor CXCR4 that was jointly associated with increased risk for PSP and PD. Using bioinformatics tools, we found strong physical interactions between CXCR4 and four microglia related genes, namely CXCL12, TLR2, RALB and CCR5. Evaluating gene expression from post-mortem brain tissue, we found that expression of CXCR4 and microglial genes functionally related to CXCR4 was dysregulated across a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in a mouse model of tauopathy, expression of CXCR4 and functionally associated genes was significantly altered in regions of the mouse brain that accumulate neurofibrillary tangles most robustly. Beyond MAPT, we show dysregulation of CXCR4 expression in PSP, PD, and FTD brains, and mouse models of tau pathology. Our multi-modal findings suggest that abnormal signaling across a  network of microglial genes may contribute to neurodegeneration and may have potential implications for clinical trials targeting immune dysfunction in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geier, E</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, N</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broce, I</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkovich, M</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, R</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momeni, P</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höeglinger, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, U</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkovich, A</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/181693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CXCR4 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization of 3D-protein structures informed by human genetic diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence variation data of the human proteome can be used to analyze 3-dimensional (3D) protein structures to derive functional insights. We used genetic variant data from nearly 150,000 individuals to analyze 3D positional conservation in 4,390 protein structures using 481,708 missense and 264,257 synonymous variants. Sixty percent of protein structures harbor at least one intolerant 3D site as defined by significant depletion of observed over expected missense variation. We established an Angstrom-scale distribution of annotated pathogenic missense variants and showed that they accumulate in proximity to the most intolerant 3D sites. Structural intolerance data correlated with experimental functional read-outs in vitro. The 3D structural intolerance analysis revealed characteristic features of ligand binding pockets, orthosteric and allosteric sites. The identification of novel functional 3D sites based on human genetic data helps to validate, rank or predict drug target binding sites in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hicks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>di Iulio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venter, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/182287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization of 3D-protein structures informed by human genetic diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/183764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual RNAseq shows the human mucosal immunity protein, MUC13, is a hallmark of Plasmodium exoerythrocytic infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/183764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The exoerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium malaria infection is a critical window for prophylactic intervention. Using a genome-wide dual RNA sequencing of flow-sorted infected and uninfected hepatoma cells we identify the human mucosal immunity gene, Mucin13 (MUC13), as strongly upregulated during Plasmodium exoerythrocytic hepatic-stage infection. We confirm that MUC13 expression is upregulated in hepatoma cell lines and primary hepatocytes. In immunofluorescence assays, host MUC13 protein expression distinguishes infected cells from adjacent uninfected cells and shows similar colocalization with parasite biomarkers such as UIS4 and HSP70. We further show that localization patterns are species independent, distinguishing both P. berghei and P. vivax infected cells, and that MUC13 can be used to identify compounds that inhibit parasite replication in hepatocytes across all Human-infecting Plasmodium species. This data presents a novel interface of host-parasite interactions in Plasmodium, in that a component of host mucosal immunity is reprogrammed to assist the progression of infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaMonte, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orjuela-Sanchez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdel- Haleem Mohamed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa-Galarce, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong-Rios, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinetz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/183764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual RNAseq shows the human mucosal immunity protein, MUC13, is a hallmark of Plasmodium exoerythrocytic infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/184408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reversal of molecular pathology by RNA-targeting Cas9 in a myotonic dystrophy mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/184408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dominantly inherited, multi-systemic disease myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is caused by triplet repeat CTG expansions in the DMPK gene and is the most common form of adult-onset muscular dystrophy. Elimination of the toxic, repetitive CUG RNA constitutes a therapeutic for this disease. We report an RNA-targeting Cas9 (RCas9) system that supports efficient reversal of DM1 phenotypes via delivery to adult poly(CUG) DM1 mouse muscle using adeno-associated virus (AAV). We observe elimination of CUG RNA, restoration of CUG foci-associated Mbnl1 protein to wild-type subcellular localization, correction of DM1-type alternative splicing patterns in candidate genes including the voltage-gated chloride channel 1 (Clcn1) responsible for characteristic myotonia, recovery of Clcn1 staining, and reduction in centralized myonuclei. Our results establish RCas9 as a potential long-term in vivo therapeutic for DM1.nnOne Sentence SummaryA repurposed CRISPR system termed RNA-targeting Cas9 reverses the molecular pathology associated with the most common type of adult onset muscular dystrophy in adult mouse muscle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelles, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snjader, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/184408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reversal of molecular pathology by RNA-targeting Cas9 in a myotonic dystrophy mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/185074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alpha oscillations control cortical gain by modulating excitatory-inhibitory background activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/185074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The first recordings of human brain activity in 1929 revealed a striking 8-12 Hz oscillation in the visual cortex. During the intervening 90 years, these alpha oscillations have been linked to numerous physiological and cognitive processes. However, because of the vast and seemingly contradictory cognitive and physiological processes to which it has been related, the physiological function of alpha remains unclear. We identify a novel neural circuit mechanism--the modulation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a balanced configuration--by which alpha can modulate gain. We find that this model naturally unifies the prior, highly diverse reports on alpha dynamics, while making the novel prediction that alpha rhythms have two functional roles: a sustained high-power mode that suppresses scortical gain and a weak, bursting mode that enhances gain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/185074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alpha oscillations control cortical gain by modulating excitatory-inhibitory background activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/186098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Origin of Slow Spontaneous Resting-State Neuronal Fluctuations in Brain Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/186098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resting or baseline state low frequency (0.01-0.2 Hz) brain activity has been observed in fMRI, EEG and LFP recordings. These fluctuations were found to be correlated across brain regions, and are thought to reflect neuronal activity fluctuations between functionally connected areas of the brain. However, the origin of these infra-slow fluctuations remains unknown. Here, using a detailed computational model of the brain network, we show that spontaneous infra-slow (< 0.05 Hz) fluctuations could originate due to the ion concentration dynamics. The computational model implemented dynamics for intra and extracellular K+ and Na+ and intracellular Cl- ions, Na+/K+ exchange pump, and KCC2 co-transporter. In the network model representing resting awake-like brain state, we observed slow fluctuations in the extracellular K+ concentration, Na+/K+ pump activation, firing rate of neurons and local field potentials. Holding K+ concentration constant prevented generation of these fluctuations. The amplitude and peak frequency of this activity were modulated by Na+/K+ pump, AMPA/GABA synaptic currents and glial properties. Further, in a large-scale network with long-range connections based on CoCoMac connectivity data, the infra-slow fluctuations became synchronized among remote clusters similar to the resting-state networks observed in vivo. Overall, our study proposes that ion concentration dynamics mediated by neuronal and glial activity may contribute to the generation of very slow spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity that are observed as the resting-state fluctuations in fMRI and EEG recordings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/186098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Origin of Slow Spontaneous Resting-State Neuronal Fluctuations in Brain Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/190892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of human pancreatic islet genomic data refines regulatory mechanisms at Type 2 Diabetes susceptibility loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/190892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human genetic studies have emphasised the dominant contribution of pancreatic islet dysfunction to development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, limited annotation of the islet epigenome has constrained efforts to define the molecular mechanisms mediating the, largely regulatory, signals revealed by Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). We characterised patterns of chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq, n=17) and DNA methylation (whole-genome bisulphite sequencing, n=10) in human islets, generating high-resolution chromatin state maps through integration with established ChIP-seq marks. We found enrichment of GWAS signals for T2D and fasting glucose was concentrated in subsets of islet enhancers characterised by open chromatin and hypomethylation, with the former annotation predominant. At several loci (including CDC123, ADCY5, KLHDC5) the combination of fine-mapping genetic data and chromatin state enrichment maps, supplemented by allelic imbalance in chromatin accessibility pinpointed likely causal variants. The combination of increasingly-precise genetic and islet epigenomic information accelerates definition of causal mechanisms implicated in T2D pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thurner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Bunt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nylander, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakyan, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloyn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/190892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of human pancreatic islet genomic data refines regulatory mechanisms at Type 2 Diabetes susceptibility loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-platform discovery of haplotype-resolved structural variation in human genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The incomplete identification of structural variants (SVs) from whole-genome sequencing data limits studies of human genetic diversity and disease association. Here, we apply a suite of long-read, short-read, and strand-specific sequencing technologies, optical mapping, and variant discovery algorithms to comprehensively analyze three human parent-child trios to define the full spectrum of human genetic variation in a haplotype-resolved manner. We identify 818,054 indel variants (<50 bp) and 27,622 SVs ([&ge;]50 bp) per human genome. We also discover 156 inversions per genome--most of which previously escaped detection. Fifty-eight of the inversions we discovered intersect with the critical regions of recurrent microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. Taken together, our SV callsets represent a sevenfold increase in SV detection compared to most standard high-throughput sequencing studies, including those from the 1000 Genomes Project. The method and the dataset serve as a gold standard for the scientific community and we make specific recommendations for maximizing structural variation sensitivity for future large-scale genome sequencing studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaisson, M. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porubsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rausch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handsaker, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronenberg, Z. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hormozdiari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hastie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantsilieris, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerveira, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galeev, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gujral, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guryev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynes-Heaton, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korlach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-platform discovery of haplotype-resolved structural variation in human genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CYK-4 functions independently of its centralspindlin partner ZEN-4 to cellularize oocytes in germline syncytia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Throughout metazoans, germ cells undergo incomplete cytokinesis to form syncytia connected by intercellular bridges. Formation of gametes ultimately requires bridge closure. Here, we investigate the contribution of the conserved bridge component centralspindlin to oocyte production in C. elegans. Centralspindlin is composed of the Rho family GTPase-activating protein (GAP) CYK-4/MgcRacGAP and the microtubule motor ZEN-4/kinesin-6, which are both essential for cytokinesis. In contrast, we show that oocyte production by the syncytial germline requires CYK-4 but not ZEN-4. Longitudinal imaging after conditional CYK-4 inactivation revealed a role in oocyte cellularization, rather than in generation of syncytial compartments. CYK-4s lipid-binding C1 domain and the GTPase-binding interface of its GAP domain were individually important for oocyte cellularization and for targeting CYK-4 to bridges, where it contributes to enrichment of active RhoA. These results identify a C1-GAP module in CYK-4 that recruits it to bridges in the germline and directs their closure to produce oocytes.nnIMPACT STATEMENTThe CYK-4 subunit of centralspindlin, a broadly conserved component of intercellular bridges across metazoa, is required for the cytokinesis-like closure of intercellular bridges that cellularizes oocytes to separate them from germline syncytia.nnMAJOR SUBJECT AREASCell Biology, Developmental Biology & Stem Cells
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Cavazos, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolotuev, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CYK-4 functions independently of its centralspindlin partner ZEN-4 to cellularize oocytes in germline syncytia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemispheric asymmetry is a cardinal feature of human brain organization. Altered brain asymmetry has also been linked to some cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the ENIGMA consortium presents the largest ever analysis of cerebral cortical asymmetry and its variability across individuals. Cortical thickness and surface area were assessed in MRI scans of 17,141 healthy individuals from 99 datasets worldwide. Results revealed widespread asymmetries at both hemispheric and regional levels, with a generally thicker cortex but smaller surface area in the left hemisphere relative to the right. Regionally, asymmetries of cortical thickness and/or surface area were found in the inferior frontal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex. These regions are involved in lateralized functions, including language and visuospatial processing. In addition to population-level asymmetries, variability in brain asymmetry was related to sex, age, and brain size (indexed by intracranial volume). Interestingly, we did not find significant associations between asymmetries and handedness. Finally, with two independent pedigree datasets (N = 1,443 and 1,113, respectively), we found several asymmetries showing modest but highly reliable heritability. The structural asymmetries identified, and their variabilities and heritability provide a reference resource for future studies on the genetic basis of brain asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.nnSignificance StatementLeft-right asymmetry is a key feature of the human brain's structure and function. It remains unclear which cortical regions are asymmetrical on average in the population, and how biological factors such as age, sex and genetic variation affect these asymmetries. Here we describe by far the largest ever study of cerebral cortical brain asymmetry, based on data from 17,141 participants. We found a global anterior-posterior 'torque' pattern in cortical thickness, together with various regional asymmetries at the population level, which have not been previously described, as well as effects of age, sex, and heritability estimates. From these data, we have created an on-line resource that will serve future studies of human brain anatomy in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guadalupe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akudjedu, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batalla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baune, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baur, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biederman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaine, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boedhoe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bralten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bröhl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bürger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bülow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canive, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caparelli, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalleri, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim-Avancini, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chant</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Cortical Brain Asymmetry in 17,141 Healthy Individuals Worldwide via the ENIGMA Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolving building blocks of rhythm: How human cognition creates music via cultural transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Musical rhythm, in all its cross-cultural diversity, exhibits several commonalities across world cultures. Traditionally, music research has been split in two fields. Some scientists focused on musicality, namely the human biocognitive predispositions for music, with an emphasis on cross-cultural similarities. Other scholars investigated music, seen as cultural product, focusing on the large variation in world musical cultures. Recent experiments found deep connections between music and musicality, reconciling these opposing views. Here we address the question of how individual cognitive biases affect the process of cultural evolution of music. Data from two experiments is analyzed using two different, complementary techniques. In the experiments, participants hear drumming patterns and imitate them. These patterns are then given to the same or another participant to imitate. The structure of these - initially random - patterns is tracked down to later experimental  generations. Frequentist statistics show how participants biases are amplified by cultural transmission, making drumming patterns more structured. Structure is achieved faster than in transmission within, rather than between, participants. A Bayesian model approximates the motif structures participants learned and created. Overall, our data and model show that individual biases for musicality play a central role in shaping cultural transmission of musical rhythm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravignani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirby, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/198390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolving building blocks of rhythm: How human cognition creates music via cultural transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.10.871905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting microbe-metabolite interactions: doing better than random 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.10.871905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I.Recently, Quinn and Erb et al [1] made the case that when used correctly, correlation and proportionality can outperform MMvec when identifying microbe-metabolite interactions. We revisit this comparison and show that the proposed correlation and proportionality are outperformed by MMvec on real data due to their inability to deal with sparsity commonly observed in microbiome and metabolome datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias-Scaglia, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foulds, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swenson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Goethem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bokulich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watters, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.10.871905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting microbe-metabolite interactions: doing better than random]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.873398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single nucleus multi-omics links human cortical cell regulatory genome diversity to disease risk variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.873398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell technologies enable measure of unique cellular signatures, but are typically limited to a single modality. Computational approaches allow integration of diverse single-cell datasets, but their efficacy is difficult to validate in the absence of authentic multi-omic measurements. To comprehensively assess the molecular phenotypes of single cells in tissues, we devised single-nucleus methylCytosine, Chromatin accessibility and Transcriptome sequencing (snmC2T-seq) and applied it to post-mortem human frontal cortex tissue. We developed a computational framework to validate fine-grained cell types using multi-modal information and assessed the effectiveness of computational integration methods. Correlation analysis in individual cells revealed distinct relations between methylation and gene expression. Our integrative approach enabled joint analyses of the methylome, transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and conformation for 63 human cortical cell types. We reconstructed regulatory lineages for cortical cell populations and found specific enrichment of genetic risk for neuropsychiatric traits, enabling prediction of cell types with causal roles in disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siletti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mash, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.11.873398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single nucleus multi-omics links human cortical cell regulatory genome diversity to disease risk variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.873711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput screening of the ReFRAME library identifies potential drug repurposing candidates for Trypanosoma cruzi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.873711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chagas disease, caused by the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects between 6 and 7 million people worldwide, with an estimated 300,000 to 1 million of these cases in the United States. In the chronic phase of infection, T. cruzi can cause severe gastrointestinal and cardiac disease, which can be fatal. Currently, only benznidazole is clinically-approved by the FDA for pediatric use to treat this infection in the USA. Toxicity associated with this compound has driven the search for new anti-Chagas agents. Drug repurposing is a particularly attractive strategy for neglected diseases, as pharmacological parameters and toxicity are already known for these compounds, reducing costs and saving time in the drug development pipeline. Here, we screened ~ 12,000 compounds from the ReFRAME library, a collection of drugs or compounds with confirmed clinical safety, against T. cruzi. We identified 7 compounds of interest with potent in vitro activity against the parasite with a therapeutic index of 10 or greater, including the previously-unreported activity of the antiherpetic compound 348U87. These results provide the framework for further development of new T. cruzi leads that can potentially move quickly to the clinic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamara, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.11.873711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput screening of the ReFRAME library identifies potential drug repurposing candidates for Trypanosoma cruzi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Voluntary and involuntary orienting of attention elicit similar lateralized changes in alpha activity and slow potential shifts over visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial attention can be oriented endogenously, based on current task goals, or exogenously, triggered by salient events in the environment. Based upon literature demonstrating differences in the time course and neural substrates of each type of orienting, these two attention systems are often treated as fundamentally distinct. However, recent studies suggest that rhythmic neural activity in the alpha band (8-13Hz) and slow waves in the event-related potential (ERP) may emerge over parietal-occipital cortex following both endogenous and exogenous attention cues. To assess whether these neural changes index common processes of spatial attention, we conducted two within-subject experiments varying the two main dimensions over which endogenous and exogenous attention tasks typically differ: cue informativity (spatially predictive vs. non-predictive) and cue format (centrally vs. peripherally presented). This task design allowed us to tease apart neural changes related to top-down goals and those driven by the reflexive orienting of spatial attention, as well as examine their interactions in a novel hybrid cross-modal attention task. Our data demonstrate that both central and peripheral cues elicit lateralized ERPs over parietal-occipital cortex, though at different points in time, consistent with these ERPs reflecting the orienting of spatial attention. Lateralized alpha activity was also present across all tasks, emerging rapidly for peripheral cues and sustaining only for spatially informative cues. Overall, these data indicate that distinct slow-wave ERPs index the spatial orienting of endogenous and exogenous attention, while lateralized alpha activity represents a common signature of visual enhancement in anticipation of potential targets across both types of attention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keefe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoermer, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.12.874818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Voluntary and involuntary orienting of attention elicit similar lateralized changes in alpha activity and slow potential shifts over visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.883694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polycomb-mediated repression compensates for loss of postnatal DNA methylation in excitatory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.883694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two epigenetic pathways of repression, DNA methylation and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediated gene silencing, regulate neuron development and function, but their respective contributions are unknown. We found that conditional loss of the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in mouse excitatory neurons altered expression of synapse-related genes, stunted synapse maturation, and impaired working memory and social interest. Loss of Dnmt3a abolished postnatal accumulation of CG and non-CG DNA methylation, leaving neurons with an unmethylated, fetal-like epigenomic pattern at -140,000 genomic regions. The PRC2-associated histone modification H3K27me3 increased at many of these sites, partially compensating for the loss of DNA methylation. Our data support a dynamic interaction between two fundamental modes of epigenetic repression during postnatal maturation of excitatory neurons, which together confer robustness on neuronal regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto-Duarte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Castanon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva-Garcia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.883694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polycomb-mediated repression compensates for loss of postnatal DNA methylation in excitatory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HIV Care Prioritization using Phylogenetic Branch Length 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWIn HIV epidemics, the structure of the transmission network can be dictated by just a few individuals. Public health intervention, such as ensuring people living with HIV adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are continually virally-suppressed, can help control the spread of the virus. However, such intervention requires utilizing the limited public health resource allocations. As a result, the ability to determine which individuals are most at-risk of transmitting HIV could allow public health officials to focus their limited resources on these individuals. Molecular epidemiology suggests an approach: prioritizing people living with HIV based on patterns of transmission inferred from their sampled viral sequences. In this paper, we introduce ProACT (Prioritization using AnCesTral edge lengths), a phylogenetic approach for prioritizing individuals living with HIV. ProACT uses a simple idea: ordering individuals by their terminal branch length in the phylogeny of their virus. In simulations and also on a dataset of HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences obtained in San Diego, we show that this simple strategy improves the effectiveness of prioritization compared to state-of-the-art methods that rely on monitoring the growth of transmission clusters defined based on genetic distance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.885202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HIV Care Prioritization using Phylogenetic Branch Length]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TandemMapper and TandemQUAST: mapping long reads and assessing/improving assembly quality in extra-long tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extra-long tandem repeats (ETRs) are widespread in eukaryotic genomes and play an important role in fundamental cellular processes, such as chromosome segregation. Although emerging long-read technologies have enabled ETR assemblies, the accuracy of such assemblies is difficult to evaluate since there is no standard tool for their quality assessment. Moreover, since the mapping of long error-prone reads to ETR remains an open problem, it is not clear how to polish draft ETR assemblies. To address these problems, we developed the tandemMapper tool for mapping reads to ETRs and the tandemQUAST tool for polishing ETR assemblies and their quality assessment. We demonstrate that tandemQUAST not only reveals errors in and evaluates ETR assemblies, but also improves them. To illustrate how tandemMapper and tandemQUAST work, we apply them to recently generated assemblies of human centromeres.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikheenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.23.887158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TandemMapper and TandemQUAST: mapping long reads and assessing/improving assembly quality in extra-long tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reclassification of SLC22 Transporters: Analysis of OAT, OCT, OCTN, and other Family Members Reveals 8 Functional Subgroups 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among transporters, the SLC22 family is emerging as a central hub of endogenous physiology. The family consists of organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporters (OCTs) and zwitterion transporters (OCTNs). Despite being known as "drug" transporters, these multi-specific, oligo-specific, and relatively mono-specific transporters facilitate the movement of metabolites and key signaling molecules. An in-depth reanalysis supports a reassignment of these proteins into eight functional subgroups with four new subgroups arising from the previously defined OAT subclade. These OAT subgroups are: OATS1 (SLC22A6, SLC22A8, and SLC22A20), OATS2 (SLC22A7), OATS3 (SLC22A11, SLC22A12, and Slc22a22), and OATS4 (SLC22A9, SLC22A10, SLC22A24, and SLC22A25). We propose merging the OCTN (SLC22A4, SLC22A5, and Slc22a21) and OCT-related (SLC22A15 and SLC22A16) subclades into the OCTN/OCTN-related subgroup. Functional support for the eight subgroups comes from network analysis of data from GWAS, in vivo models, and in vitro assays. These data emphasize shared substrate specificity of SLC22 transporters for characteristic metabolites such as prostaglandins, uric acid, carnitine, creatinine, and estrone sulfate. Some important subgroup associations include: OATS1 with metabolites, signaling molecules, uremic toxins and odorants, OATS2 with cyclic nucleotides, OATS3 with uric acid, OATS4 with conjugated sex hormones, particularly etiocholanolone glucuronide, OCT with monoamine neurotransmitters, and OCTN/OCTN-related with ergothioneine and carnitine derivatives. The OAT-like and OAT-related subgroups remain understudied and therefore do not have assigned functionality. Relatedness within subgroups is supported by multiple sequence alignments, evolutionarily conserved protein motifs, genomic localization, and tissue expression. We also highlight low level sequence similarity of SLC22 members with other non-transport proteins. Our data suggest that the SLC22 family can work among itself, as well as with other transporters and enzymes, to optimize levels of numerous metabolites and signaling molecules, as proposed by the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Engelhart, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granados, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigam, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saier, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.23.887299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reclassification of SLC22 Transporters: Analysis of OAT, OCT, OCTN, and other Family Members Reveals 8 Functional Subgroups]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.895367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parkinson's Disease-linked LRRK2 structure and model for microtubule interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.895367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most commonly mutated gene in familial Parkinsons disease. LRRK2 is proposed to function in membrane trafficking and co-localizes with microtubules. We report the 3.5[A] structure of the catalytic half of LRRK2, and an atomic model of microtubule-associated LRRK2 built using a reported 14[A] cryo-electron tomography in situ structure. We propose that the conformation of LRRK2s kinase domain regulates its microtubule interaction, with a closed conformation favoring binding. We show that the catalytic half of LRRK2 is sufficient for microtubule binding and blocks the motility of the microtubule-based motors kinesin and dynein in vitro. Kinase inhibitors that stabilize an open conformation relieve this interference and reduce LRRK2 filament formation in cells, while those that stabilize a closed conformation do not. Our findings suggest that LRRK2 is a roadblock for microtubule-based motors and have implications for the design of therapeutic LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deniston, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salogiannis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snead, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donosa, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böhning, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiau, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.895367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parkinson's Disease-linked LRRK2 structure and model for microtubule interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Latent Genetic Structure of Impulsivity and its Relation to Internalizing Psychopathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Factor analyses suggest that impulsivity traits that capture tendencies to act prematurely or take risks tap partially distinct constructs. We applied genomic structure equation modeling to evaluate the genetic factor structure of two well-established impulsivity questionnaires, using published genome-wide association study statistics from up to 22,861 participants. We also tested the hypotheses that delay discounting would be genetically separable from other impulsivity factors, and that emotionally-triggered facets of impulsivity (urgency) would be those most strongly genetically correlated with an internalizing latent factor. A five-factor model best fit the impulsivity data. Delay discounting was genetically distinct from these five factors. As expected, the two urgency subscales were most strongly related to an Internalizing Psychopathology latent factor. These findings provide empirical genetic evidence that impulsivity can be disarticulated into distinct categories of differential relevance for internalizing psychopathology. They also demonstrate how measured genetic markers can be used to inform theories of psychology/personality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the 23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.897231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Latent Genetic Structure of Impulsivity and its Relation to Internalizing Psychopathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.902312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially compartmentalized phase regulation of a Ca2+-cAMP-PKA oscillatory circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.902312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling networks are spatiotemporally organized in order to sense diverse inputs, process information, and carry out specific cellular tasks. In pancreatic {beta} cells, Ca2+, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and Protein Kinase A (PKA) exist in an oscillatory circuit characterized by a high degree of feedback, which allows for specific signaling controls based on the oscillation frequencies. Here, we describe a novel mode of regulation within this circuit involving a spatial dependence of the relative phase between cAMP, PKA, and Ca2+. We show that nanodomain clustering of Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases drives oscillations of local cAMP levels to be precisely in-phase with Ca2+ oscillations, whereas Ca2+-sensitive phosphodiesterases maintain out-of-phase oscillations outside of the nanodomain, representing a striking example and novel mechanism of cAMP compartmentation. Disruption of this precise in-phase relationship perturbs Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting that the relative phase within an oscillatory circuit can encode specific functional information. This example of a signaling nanodomain utilized for localized tuning of an oscillatory circuit has broad implications for the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tenner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohadi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohrer, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.10.902312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially compartmentalized phase regulation of a Ca2+-cAMP-PKA oscillatory circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.11.900977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrophysiological Frequency Band Ratio Measures Conflate Periodic and Aperiodic Neural Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.11.900977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A common analysis measure for neuro-electrophysiological recordings is to compute the power ratio between two frequency bands. Applications of band ratio measures include investigations of cognitive processes as well as biomarkers for conditions such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Band ratio measures are typically interpreted as reflecting quantitative measures of periodic, or oscillatory, activity, which implicitly assumes that a ratio is measuring the relative powers of two distinct periodic components that are well captured by predefined frequency ranges. However, electrophysiological signals contain periodic components and a 1/f-like aperiodic component, which contributes power across all frequencies. In this work, we investigate whether band ratio measures reflect power differences between two oscillations, as intended. We examine to what extent ratios may instead reflect other periodic changes--such as in center frequency or bandwidth--and/or aperiodic activity. We test this first in simulation, exploring how band ratio measures relate to changes in multiple spectral features. In simulation, we show how multiple periodic and aperiodic features affect band ratio measures. We then validate these findings in a large electroencephalography (EEG) dataset, comparing band ratio measures to parameterizations of power spectral features. In EEG, we find that multiple disparate features influence ratio measures. For example, the commonly applied theta / beta ratio is most reflective of differences in aperiodic activity, and not oscillatory theta or beta power. Collectively, we show how periodic and aperiodic features can drive the same observed changes in band ratio measures. Our results demonstrate how ratio measures reflect different features in different contexts, inconsistent with their typical interpretations. We conclude that band ratio measures are non-specific, conflating multiple possible underlying spectral changes. Explicit parameterization of neural power spectra is better able to provide measurement specificity, elucidating which components of the data change in what ways, allowing for more appropriate physiological interpretations.

Materials Descriptions & Availability StatementsO_ST_ABSProject RepositoryC_ST_ABSThis project is also made openly available through an online project repository in which the code and data are made available, with step-by-step guides through the analyses.

Project Repository: http://github.com/voytekresearch/BandRatios

DatasetsThis project uses simulated data, literature text mining data, and electroencephalography data.

Simulated DataThe simulations used in this project are created with openly available software packages. Settings and code to re-generate simulated data is available with the open-access code for the project. Copies of the simulated data that were used in this investigation are available in the project repository.

Literature DataLiterature data for this project was collected from the PubMed database. Exact search terms used to collect the data are available in the project repository. The exact data collected from the literature and meta-data about the collection are saved and available in the project repository.

EEG DataThe EEG data used in this project is from the openly available dataset, the  Multimodal Resource for Studying Information processing in the Developing Brain (MIPDB) database. This dataset is created and released by the Childmind Institute. This dataset was released and is re-used here under the terms of the Creative Commons-Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share-Alike License (CC-BY-NC-SA), and is described in (Langer et al., 2017).

Child Mind Institute: https://childmind.org

Data Portal: http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/cmi_eeg/

SoftwareCode used and written for this project was written in the Python programming language. All the code used within this project is deposited in the project repository and is made openly available and licensed for re-use.

As well as standard library Python, this project uses 3rd party software packages numpy and pandas for data management, scipy for data processing, matplotlib and seaborn for data visualization and MNE for managing and pre-processing data.

This project also uses open-source Python packages developed and released by the authors:

Simulations and spectral parameterization were done using the FOOOF toolbox.

Code Repository: https://github.com/fooof-tools/fooof

Literature collection and analyses were done using the LISC toolbox.

Code Repository: https://github.com/lisc-tools/lisc
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.11.900977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrophysiological Frequency Band Ratio Measures Conflate Periodic and Aperiodic Neural Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.905091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Algorithmic Learning for Auto-deconvolution of GC-MS Data to Enable Molecular Networking within GNPS. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.905091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) represents an analytical technique with significant practical societal impact. Spectral deconvolution is an essential step for interpreting GC-MS data. No public GC-MS repositories that also enable repository-scale analysis exist, in part because deconvolution requires significant user input. We therefore engineered a scalable machine learning workflow for the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) analysis platform to enable the mass spectrometry community to store, process, share, annotate, compare, and perform molecular networking of GC-MS data. The workflow performs auto-deconvolution of compound fragmentation patterns via unsupervised non-negative matrix factorization, using a Fast Fourier Transform-based strategy to overcome scalability limitations. We introduce a "balance score" that quantifies the reproducibility of fragmentation patterns across all samples. We demonstrate the utility of the platform with breathomics analysis applied to the early detection of oesophago-gastric cancer, and by creating the first molecular spatial map of the human volatilome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laponogov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belluomo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veselkov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias-Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carazzone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amézquita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callewaert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouslimani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albarracin Orio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smania, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvillion, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnet, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicora, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zink, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metz, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artaev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humston-Fulmer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijler, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.905091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Algorithmic Learning for Auto-deconvolution of GC-MS Data to Enable Molecular Networking within GNPS.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.909333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strong intracellular signal inactivation produces sharper and more robust signaling from cell membrane to nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.909333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For a chemical signal to propagate across a cell, it must navigate a tortuous environment involving a variety of organelle barriers. In this work we study mathematical models for a basic chemical signal, the arrival times at the nuclear membrane of proteins that are activated at the cell membrane and diffuse throughout the cytosol. Organelle surfaces within human B cells are reconstructed from soft X-ray tomographic images, and modeled as reflecting barriers to the molecules diffusion. We show that signal inactivation sharpens signals, reducing variability in the arrival time at the nuclear membrane. Inactivation can also compensate for an observed slowdown in signal propagation induced by the presence of organelle barriers, leading to arrival times at the nuclear membrane that are comparable to models in which the cytosol is treated as an open, empty region. In the limit of strong signal inactivation this is achieved by filtering out molecules that traverse non-geodesic paths.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gros, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peskin, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larabell, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.16.909333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strong intracellular signal inactivation produces sharper and more robust signaling from cell membrane to nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.17.909937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical Instability of Adherens Junctions Overrides Intrinsic Quiescence of Hair Follicle Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.17.909937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vinculin, a mechanotransducer associated with both adherens junctions (AJ) and focal adhesions (FA) plays a central role in force transmission through these cell-cell and cell-substratum contacts. Here we describe the conditional knock out (KO) of vinculin in murine skin. Remarkably, we find that the loss of vinculin function results in the loss of bulge stem cell (BuSC) quiescence. We demonstrate that vinculin KO cells are impaired in force generation resulting in mechanically weak AJs. Mechanistically, vinculin functions by keeping -catenin in a stretched conformation, which in turn regulates the retention of YAP1, another potent mechanotransducer and regulator of cell proliferation, to the junctions. Conditional KO of -catenin specifically in the BuSCs further corroborates the importance of stable AJs in the maintenance of quiescence and stemness. Altogether, our data provides definitive mechanistic insights into the hitherto unexplored regulatory link between the mechanical stability of cell-junctions and the maintenance of BuSC quiescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biswas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lembo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakasaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutyavin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palakodeti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasioukhin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghavan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.17.909937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical Instability of Adherens Junctions Overrides Intrinsic Quiescence of Hair Follicle Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.913350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid Sponge Droplets as Programmable Synthetic Organelles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.913350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Living cells segregate molecules and reactions in various subcellular compartments known as organelles. Spatial organization is likely essential for expanding the biochemical functions of synthetic reaction systems, including artificial cells. Many studies have attempted to mimic organelle functions using lamellar membrane-bound vesicles. However, vesicles typically suffer from highly limited transport across the membranes and an inability to mimic the dense membrane networks typically found in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we describe programmable synthetic organelles based on highly stable nonlamellar sponge phase droplets that spontaneously assemble from a single-chain galactolipid and non-ionic detergents. Due to their nanoporous structure, lipid sponge droplets readily exchange materials with the surrounding environment. In addition, the sponge phase contains a dense network of lipid bilayers and nanometric aqueous channels, which allows different classes of molecules to partition based on their size, polarity, and specific binding motifs. The sequestration of biologically relevant macromolecules can be programmed by the addition of suitably functionalized amphiphiles to the droplets. We demonstrate that droplets can harbor functional soluble and transmembrane proteins, allowing for the co-localization and concentration of enzymes and substrates to enhance reaction rates. Droplets protect bound proteins from proteases, and these interactions can be engineered to be reversible and optically controlled. Our results show that lipid sponge droplets permit the facile integration of membrane-rich environments and self-assembling spatial organization with biochemical reaction systems.

Significance statementOrganelles spatially and temporally orchestrate biochemical reactions in a cell to a degree of precision that is still unattainable in synthetic reaction systems. Additionally, organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contain highly interconnected and dense membrane networks that provide large reaction spaces for both transmembrane and soluble enzymes. We present lipid sponge droplets to emulate the functions of organelles such as the ER. We demonstrate that lipid sponge droplets can be programmed to internally concentrate specific proteins, host and accelerate biochemical transformations, and to rapidly and reversibly sequester and release proteins to control enzymatic reactions. The self-assembled and programmable nature of lipid sponge droplets will facilitate the integration of complex functions for bottom up synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederholtmeyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolsky, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brea, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.20.913350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid Sponge Droplets as Programmable Synthetic Organelles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.916031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AmpliconReconstructor: Integrated analysis of NGS and optical mapping resolves the complex structures of focal amplifications in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.916031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogene amplification, a major driver of cancer pathogenicity, is often mediated through focal amplification of genomic segments. Recent results implicate extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) as the primary mechanism driving focal copy number amplification (fCNA) - enabling gene amplification, rapid tumor evolution, and the rewiring of regulatory circuitry. Resolving an fCNAs structure is a first step in deciphering the mechanisms of its genesis and the subsequent biological consequences. Here, we introduce a powerful new computational method, AmpliconReconstructor (AR), for integrating optical mapping (OM) of long DNA fragments (>150kb) with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to resolve fCNAs at single-nucleotide resolution. AR uses an NGS-derived breakpoint graph alongside OM scaffolds to produce high-fidelity reconstructions. After validating performance by extensive simulations, we used AR to reconstruct fCNAs in seven cancer cell lines to reveal the complex architecture of ecDNA, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, and other complex rearrangements. By distinguishing between chromosomal and extrachromosomal origins, and by reconstructing the rearrangement signatures associated with a given fCNAs generative mechanism, AR enables a more thorough understanding of the origins of fCNAs, and their functional consequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coruh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehkordi, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.916031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AmpliconReconstructor: Integrated analysis of NGS and optical mapping resolves the complex structures of focal amplifications in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematically gap-filling the genome-scale model of CHO cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the leading cell factories for producing recombinant proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry. In this regard, constraint-based metabolic models are useful platforms to perform computational analysis of cell metabolism. These models need to be regularly updated in order to include the latest biochemical data of the cells, and to increase their predictive power. Here, we provide an update to iCHO1766, the metabolic model of CHO cells.

ResultsWe expanded the existing model of Chinese hamster metabolism with the help of four gap-filling approaches, leading to the addition of 773 new reactions and 335 new genes. We incorporated these into an updated genome-scale metabolic network model of CHO cells, named iCHO2101. In this updated model, the number of reactions and pathways capable of carrying flux is substantially increased.

ConclusionsThe present CHO model is an important step towards more complete metabolic models of CHO cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fouladiha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marashi, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaziri, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.27.921296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematically gap-filling the genome-scale model of CHO cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.925917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAGGIE: leveraging genetic variation to identify DNA sequence motifs mediating transcription factor binding and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.925917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variation in regulatory elements can alter transcription factor (TF) binding by mutating a TF binding motif, which in turn may affect the activity of the regulatory elements. However, it is unclear which TFs are prone to be affected by a given variant. Current motif analysis tools either prioritize TFs based on motif enrichment without linking to a function or are limited in their applications due to the assumption of linearity between motifs and their functional effects. Here, we present MAGGIE, a novel method for identifying motifs mediating TF binding and function. By leveraging measurements from diverse genotypes, MAGGIE uses a statistical approach to link mutation of a motif to changes of an epigenomic feature without assuming a linear relationship. We benchmark MAGGIE across various applications using both simulated and biological datasets and demonstrate its improvement in sensitivity and specificity compared to the state-of-the-art motif analysis approaches. We use MAGGIE to reveal insights into the divergent functions of distinct NF-{kappa}B factors in the pro-inflammatory macrophages, showing its promise in discovering novel functions of TFs. The Python package for MAGGIE is freely available at https://github.com/zeyang-shen/maggie.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoeksema, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.925917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAGGIE: leveraging genetic variation to identify DNA sequence motifs mediating transcription factor binding and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell RNAseq atlas of the pathogenic stage of Schistosoma mansoni identifies a key regulator of blood feeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schistosomiasis is an ancient and chronic neglected tropical disease that infects over 240 million people and kills over 200,000 of the worlds poorest people every year1, 2. There are no vaccines and because there is only one drug available, the need for new therapeutics is great. The causative agents of this disease are flatworm parasites that dwell inside the hosts circulation, often for decades, where they feed on blood and lay eggs which are primarily responsible for disease pathology. As metazoans comprised of multiple tissue types, understanding the schistosomes tissues on a molecular level and their functions during what can be decades of successful parasitism could suggest novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we employ single-cell RNAseq to characterize 43,642 cells from the pathogenic (adult) stage of the schistosome lifecycle. From these data, we characterize 68 molecularly distinct cell populations that comprise nearly all tissues described morphologically, including the nervous and reproductive systems. We further uncover a lineage of somatic stem cells responsible for producing and maintaining the parasites gut - the primary tissue responsible for digestion of host blood. Finally, we show that a homologue of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (hnf4) is expressed in this gut lineage and required for gut maintenance, blood feeding and inducing egg-associated pathology in vivo. Together, the data highlight the utility of this single-cell RNAseq atlas to understand schistosome biology and identify potential therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wendt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell RNAseq atlas of the pathogenic stage of Schistosoma mansoni identifies a key regulator of blood feeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.933192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Periodicity Scoring of Time Series Encodes Dynamical Behavior of the Tumor Suppressor p53 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.933192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this paper, we analyze the dynamical behavior of the tumor suppressor protein p53, an essential player in the cellular stress response, which prevents a cell from dividing if severe DNA damage is present. When this response system is malfunctioning, e.g. due to mutations in p53, uncontrolled cell proliferation may lead to the development of cancer. Understanding the behavior of p53 is thus crucial to prevent its failing. It has been shown in various experiments that periodicity of the p53 signal is one of the main descriptors of its dynamics, and that its pulsing behavior (regular vs. spontaneous) indicates the level and type of cellular stress. In the present work, we introduce an algorithm to score the local periodicity of a given time series (such as the p53 signal), which we call Detrended Autocorrelation Periodicity Scoring (DAPS). It applies pitch detection (via autocorrelation) on sliding windows of the entire time series to describe the overall periodicity by a distribution of localized pitch scores. We apply DAPS to the p53 time series obtained from single cell experiments and establish a correlation between the periodicity scoring of a cells p53 signal and the number of cell division events. In particular, we show that high periodicity scoring of p53 is correlated to a low number of cell divisions and vice versa. We show similar results with a more computationally intensive state-of-the-art periodicity scoring algorithm based on topology known as Sw1PerS. This correlation has two major implications: It demonstrates that periodicity scoring of the p53 signal is a good descriptor for cellular stress, and it connects the high variability of p53 periodicity observed in cell populations to the variability in the number of cell division events.

AMS subject classification92C42, 92C37, 62M10
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moosmueller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tralie, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooshkbaghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhatir, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouryahya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deasy, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tannenbaum, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevrekidis, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.04.933192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Periodicity Scoring of Time Series Encodes Dynamical Behavior of the Tumor Suppressor p53]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.937011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-function analysis of the maize bulliform cell cuticle and its role in dehydration and leaf rolling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.937011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cuticle is a hydrophobic layer on the outer surface plant shoots, which serves as an important interaction interface with the environment. It consists of the lipid polymer cutin, embedded with and covered by waxes, and provides protection against stresses including desiccation, UV radiation, and pathogen attack. Bulliform cells form in longitudinal strips on the adaxial leaf surface, and have been implicated in the leaf rolling response observed in drought stressed grass leaves. In this study, we show that bulliform cells of the adult maize leaf epidermis have a specialized cuticle, and we investigate its function along with that of bulliform cells themselves. Analysis of natural variation was used to relate bulliform strip pattering to leaf rolling rate, providing evidence of a role for bulliform cells in leaf rolling. Bulliform cells displayed increased shrinkage compared to other epidermal cell types during dehydration of the leaf, providing a potential mechanism to facilitate leaf rolling. Comparisons of cuticular conductance between adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and between bulliform-enriched mutants vs. wild type siblings, provided evidence that bulliform cells lose water across the cuticle more rapidly than other epidermal cell types. Bulliform cell cuticles have a distinct ultrastructure, and differences in cutin monomer content and composition, compared to other leaf epidermal cells. We hypothesize that this cell type-specific cuticle is more water permeable than the epidermal pavement cell cuticle, facilitating the function of bulliform cells in stress-induced leaf rolling observed in grasses.

One sentence summaryBulliform cells in maize have a specialized cuticle, lose more water than other epidermal cell types as the leaf dehydrates, and facilitate leaf rolling upon dehydration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgault, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbach, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczmar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.06.937011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-function analysis of the maize bulliform cell cuticle and its role in dehydration and leaf rolling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.948422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generating realistic null hypothesis of cancer mutational landscapes using SigProfilerSimulator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.948422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Performing a statistical test requires a null hypothesis. In cancer genomics, a key challenge is the fast generation of accurate somatic mutational landscapes that can be used as a realistic null hypothesis for making biological discoveries. Here we present SigProfilerSimulator, a powerful tool that is capable of simulating the mutational landscapes of thousands of cancer genomes at different resolutions within seconds. Applying SigProfilerSimulator to 2,144 whole-genome sequenced cancers reveals: (i) that most doublet base substitutions are not due to two adjacent single base substitutions but likely occur as single genomic events; (ii) that an extended sequencing context of +/-2bp is required to more completely capture the patterns of substitution mutational signatures in human cancer; (iii) information on false-positive discovery rate of commonly used bioinformatics tools for detecting driver genes. SigProfilerSimulators breadth of features allows one to construct a tailored null hypothesis and use it for evaluating the accuracy of other bioinformatics tools or for downstream statistical analysis for biological discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martincorena, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.948422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generating realistic null hypothesis of cancer mutational landscapes using SigProfilerSimulator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.948596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluid and crystallised intelligence are associated with distinct regionalisation patterns of cortical morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.948596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive performance in children is predictive of academic and social outcomes; therefore, understanding neurobiological mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition during development may be important for improving quality of life. The belief that a single, psychological construct underlies many cognitive processes is pervasive throughout society. However, it is unclear if there is a consistent neural substrate underlying many cognitive processes. Here we show that a distributed configuration of cortical surface area and apparent thickness, when controlling for global imaging measures, is differentially associated with cognitive performance on different types of tasks in a large sample (N=10,145) of 9-11 year old children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) study. The minimal overlap in these regionalization patterns of association has implications for competing theories about developing intellectual functions. Surprisingly, not controlling for sociodemographic factors increased the similarity between these regionalization patterns. This highlights the importance of understanding the shared variance between sociodemographic factors, cognition and brain structure, particularly with a population-based sample such as ABCD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.948596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluid and crystallised intelligence are associated with distinct regionalisation patterns of cortical morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.955245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural network features distinguish chemosensory stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.955245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nervous systems extract and process information from their environment to alter animal behavior and physiology. Despite progress in understanding how different stimuli are represented by changes in neuronal activity, less is known about how they affect broader neural network properties. We developed a framework to use graph-theoretic features of neural network activity and predict ecologically-relevant stimulus properties - namely, stimulus identity and valence. Specifically, we used the transparent nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, with its small nervous system, to define neural network features associated with various chemosensory stimuli. We trapped animals using a microfluidic device and exposed their noses to chemical stimuli known to be attractive or repellent, while monitoring changes in neural activity in more than 40 neurons in their heads. We found that repellents trigger higher average neural activity across the network, and that the tastant salt increases neural variability. In contrast, graph-theoretic features, which capture patterns of interactions between neurons, are better suited to decode stimulus identity than measures of neural activity. Furthermore, we show that a simple machine learning classifier trained using graph-theoretic features alone or in combination with neural activity features can accurately predict stimulus identity. These results indicate that graph theory reveals network characteristics that are distinct from neural activity, confirming its utility in extracting stimulus properties from neural population data.

Significance StatementChanges in the external environment (stimuli) alter patterns of neural activity in animal nervous systems. A central challenge in computational neuroscience is to identify how stimulus properties alter interactions between neurons. We recorded neural activity data from C. elegans head neurons while the animal experienced various chemosensory stimuli. We then used a combination of activity statistics (i.e., average, standard deviation, and several frequency-based measures) and graph-theoretic features of network structure (e.g., modularity - the extent to which a network can be divided into independent clusters) to define neural properties that can accurately predict stimulus identity. Our method is general and can be used across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>How, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.955245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural network features distinguish chemosensory stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.955989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novelty-seeking impairment in addiction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.19.955989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As massive amounts of information are becoming available to people understanding the mechanisms underlying information-seeking is more pertinent today than ever. In this study, we investigate the underlying motivations to seek out information in healthy and addicted individuals. We developed a novel decision-making task and a novel computational model which allow to dissociate the relative contribution of two motivating factors to seek out information: a desire for novelty and a desire to reduce uncertainty. To investigate whether/how the motivations to seek out information vary between healthy and addicted individuals, in addition to healthy controls we included a sample of individuals with gambling disorder- a form of addiction without the confound of substance consumption and characterized by compulsive gambling. Our results indicate that healthy subjects and problem gamblers adopt distinct information-seeking "modes". Healthy information-seeking behavior was mostly motivated by a desire for novelty. Problem gamblers, on the contrary, displayed reduced novelty-seeking and an increased desire to reduce uncertainty (general information-seeking) compared to healthy controls. Our findings not only shed new light on the motivations driving healthy and addicted individuals to seek out information, but they also have important implications for treatment and diagnosis of behavioral addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cogliati Dezza, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleeremans, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.955989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novelty-seeking impairment in addiction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.958140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Slow Axonal Transport and Presynaptic Targeting of Clathrin Packets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.958140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin has established roles in endocytosis, with clathrin-cages enclosing membrane infoldings, followed by rapid disassembly and reuse of monomers. However, in neurons, clathrin synthesized in cell-bodies is conveyed into axons and synapses via slow axonal transport; as shown by classic pulse-chase radiolabeling. What is the cargo-structure, and mechanisms underlying transport and presynaptic-targeting of clathrin? What is the precise organization at synapses? Combining live-imaging, mass-spectrometry (MS), Apex-labeled EM-tomography and super-resolution, we found that unlike dendrites where clathrin transiently assembles/disassembles as expected, axons contain stable  transport-packets that move intermittently with an anterograde bias; with actin/myosin-VI as putative tethers. Transport-packets are unrelated to endocytosis, and the overall kinetics generate a slow biased flow of axonal clathrin. Synapses have integer-numbers of clathrin-packets circumferentially abutting the synaptic-vesicle cluster, advocating a model where delivery of clathrin-packets by slow axonal transport generates a radial organization of clathrin at synapses. Our experiments reveal novel trafficking mechanisms, and an unexpected nanoscale organization of synaptic clathrin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BOASSA, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caillol, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leterrier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.958140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Slow Axonal Transport and Presynaptic Targeting of Clathrin Packets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.21.959452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic functional analysis of Rab GTPasesreveals limits of neuronal robustness in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.21.959452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rab GTPases are molecular switches that regulate membrane trafficking in all cells. Neurons have particular demands on membrane trafficking and express numerous Rab GTPases of unknown function. Here we report the generation and characterization of molecularly defined null mutants for all 26 rab genes in Drosophila. In addition, we created a transgenic fly collection for the acute, synchronous release system RUSH for all 26 Rabs. In flies, all rab genes are expressed in the nervous system where at least half exhibit particularly high levels compared to other tissues. Surprisingly, loss of any of these 13 nervous-system enriched Rabs yields viable and fertile flies without obvious morphological defects. However, 9 of these 13 affect either developmental timing when challenged with different temperatures, or neuronal function when challenged with continuous stimulation. These defects are non-lethal under laboratory conditions, but represent sensitized genetic backgrounds that reveal limits of developmental and functional robustness to environmental challenges. Interestingly, the neuronal rab26 was previously proposed to function in synaptic maintenance by linking autophagy and synaptic vesicle recycling and we identified rab26 as one of six rab mutants with reduced synaptic function under continuous stimulation conditions. However, we found no changes to autophagy or synaptic vesicle markers in the rab26 mutant, but instead a cell-specific role in membrane receptor turnover associated with cholinergic synapses in the fly visual system. Our systematic functional analyses suggest that several Rabs ensure robust development and function under varying environmental conditions. The mutant and transgenic fly collections generated in this study provide a basis for further studies of Rabs during development and homeostasis in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kohrs, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daumann, I.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Port, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiral, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfenberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathejczyk, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiesinger, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.21.959452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic functional analysis of Rab GTPasesreveals limits of neuronal robustness in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.969527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved reference genome of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.969527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is globally expanding and has become the main vector for human arboviruses in Europe. Here we present AalbF2, a dramatically improved assembly of the Ae. albopictus genome that has revealed widespread viral insertions, novel microRNAs and piRNA clusters, the sex determining locus, new immunity genes, and has enabled genome-wide studies of geographically diverse Ae. albopictus populations and analyses of the developmental and stage-dependent network of expression data. Additionally, we built the first physical map for this species with 75% of the assembled genome anchored to the chromosomes. These up-to-date resources of the genome provide a foundation to improve understanding of the adaptation potential and the epidemiological relevance of this species and foster the development of innovative control measures.

One Sentence SummaryLong-read and Hi-C-based de novo assembly of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus genome fosters deeper understanding of its biological features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palatini, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosme, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibaud-Nissen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biedler, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krsticevic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halbach, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Failloux, A.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pischedda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconcini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghurye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagodin, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jentette, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miesen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharakhova, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papathanos, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rij, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonizzoni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.28.969527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved reference genome of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.970558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of mouse primary motor cortex cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.970558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomics has transformed the characterization of brain cell identity by providing quantitative molecular signatures for large, unbiased samples of brain cell populations. With the proliferation of taxonomies based on individual datasets, a major challenge is to integrate and validate results toward defining biologically meaningful cell types. We used a battery of single-cell transcriptome and epigenome measurements generated by the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) to comprehensively assess the molecular signatures of cell types in the mouse primary motor cortex (MOp). We further developed computational and statistical methods to integrate these multimodal data and quantitatively validate the reproducibility of the cell types. The reference atlas, based on more than 600,000 high quality single-cell or -nucleus samples assayed by six molecular modalities, is a comprehensive molecular account of the diverse neuronal and non-neuronal cell types in MOp. Collectively, our study indicates that the mouse primary motor cortex contains over 55 neuronal cell types that are highly replicable across analysis methods, sequencing technologies, and modalities. We find many concordant multimodal markers for each cell type, as well as thousands of genes and gene regulatory elements with discrepant transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures. These data highlight the complex molecular regulation of brain cell types and will directly enable design of reagents to target specific MOp cell types for functional analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldrige, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van den Berge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biancalani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booeshaghi, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrada Bravo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colantuoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabtree, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creasy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crichton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudoit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giglio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezieux, H. R. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herb, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertzano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancherla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahurkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadaf, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ner</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.29.970558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of mouse primary motor cortex cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.991927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid availability influences the metabolic maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.991927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesPluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are phenotypically immature, which limits their utility in downstream applications. Metabolism is dramatically reprogramed during cardiac maturation in vivo and presents a potential avenue to drive in vitro maturation. We aimed to identify and address metabolic bottlenecks in the generation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes.

MethodshPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using an established, chemically-defined differentiation protocol. We applied 13C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and targeted transcriptomics to characterize cardiomyocyte metabolism in during differentiation in the presence or absence of exogenous lipids.

ResultshPSC-derived cardiomyocytes induced some cardiometabolic pathways (i.e. ketone body and branched-chain amino acid oxidation) but failed to effectively activate fatty acid oxidation. MFA studies indicated that lipid availability in cultures became limited during differentiation, suggesting potential issues with nutrient availability. Exogenous supplementation of lipids improved cardiomyocyte morphology, mitochondrial function, and promoted increased fatty acid oxidation in hPSC-derivatives.

ConclusionhPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are dependent upon exogenous sources of lipids for metabolic maturation. Proper supplementation removes a potential roadblock in the generation of metabolically mature cardiomyocytes. These studies further highlight the importance of considering and exploiting metabolic phenotypes in the in vitro production and utilization of functional hPSC-derivatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badur, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiering, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divakaruni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meurs, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colas, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.14.991927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid availability influences the metabolic maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.982181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovering biomarkers of chemotherapy resistance using in vitro evolution in haploid human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.982181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn vitro evolution and whole genome analysis has proven to be a powerful method for studying the mechanism of action of small molecules in many haploid microbes but has generally not been applied to human cell lines in part because their diploid state complicates the identification of variants that confer drug resistance. To determine if haploid human cell could be used in MOA studies, we evolved resistance to five different anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, etoposide, topotecan, and paclitaxel) using a near-haploid cell line (HAP1) and then analyzed the genomes of the drug resistant clones, developing a bioinformatic pipeline that involved filtering for high frequency alleles predicted to change protein sequence, or alleles which appeared in the same gene for multiple independent selections with the same compound. Applying the filter to sequences from 28 drug resistant clones identified a set of 21 genes which was strongly enriched for known resistance genes or known drug targets (TOP1, TOP2A, DCK, WDR33, SLCO3A1). In addition, some lines carried structural variants that encompassed additional known resistance genes (ABCB1, WWOX and RRM1). Gene expression knockdown and knockout experiments of 10 validation targets showed a high degree of specificity and accuracy in our calls and demonstrates that the same drug resistance mechanisms found in diverse clinical samples can be evolved, discovered and studied in an isogenic background.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jado, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carolino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.982181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovering biomarkers of chemotherapy resistance using in vitro evolution in haploid human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.995290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CHOmics: a web-based tool for multi-omics data analysis and interactive visualization in CHO cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.995290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are widely used in industry for biological drug production. During cell culture development, considerable effort is invested to understand the factors that greatly impact cell growth, specific productivity and product qualities of the biotherapeutics. High-throughput omics approaches have been increasingly utilized to reveal cellular mechanisms associated with cell line phenotypes and guide process optimization, comprehensive omics data analysis and management have been a challenge. Here we developed CHOmics, a web-based tool for integrative analysis of CHO cell line omics data that provides an interactive visualization of omics analysis outputs and efficient data management. CHOmics has a built-in comprehensive pipeline for RNA sequencing data processing and multilayer statistical modules to explore relevant genes or pathways. Moreover, advanced functionalities were provided to enable users to customize their analysis and visualize the output systematically and interactively. The tool was also designed with the flexibility to allow other omics data input and thereby enabling multi-omics comparison and visualization at both gene and pathway levels. Collectively, CHOmics is an integrative platform for data analysis, visualization and management with expectations to promote the broader use of omics in CHO cell research. The open-source tool is freely available at http://www.chomics.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yalamanchili, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnsdorf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson Bjorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rude Voldborg, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.995290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CHOmics: a web-based tool for multi-omics data analysis and interactive visualization in CHO cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.996082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitrogen starvation and stationary phase lipophagy have distinct molecular mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.996082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In yeast, the selective autophagy of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) or lipophagy can be induced by either nitrogen (N) starvation or carbon limitation (e.g. in the stationary (S) phase). We developed the yeast, Komagataella phaffii (formerly Pichia pastoris), as a new lipophagy model and compared the N-starvation and S-phase lipophagy in over 30 autophagy-related mutants using the Erg6-GFP processing assay. Surprisingly, two lipophagy pathways had hardly overlapping stringent molecular requirements. While the N-starvation lipophagy strictly depended on the core autophagic machinery (Atg1-Atg9, Atg18 and Vps15), vacuole fusion machinery (Vam7 and Ypt7) and vacuolar proteolysis (proteinases A and B), only Atg6 and proteinases A and B were essential for the S-phase lipophagy. The rest of the proteins were only partially required in the S-phase. Moreover, we isolated the prl1 (for positive regulator of lipophagy 1) mutant affected in the S-phase lipophagy but not N-starvation lipophagy. The prl1 defect was at a stage of delivery of the LDs from the cytoplasm to the vacuole further supporting mechanistically different nature of the two lipophagy pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that N-starvation and S-phase lipophagy have distinct molecular mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazarko, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.996082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitrogen starvation and stationary phase lipophagy have distinct molecular mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.18.997296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing 29 sets of independently modulated genes in Staphylococcus aureus, their regulators and role in key physiological responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.18.997296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to infect many different tissue sites is enabled, in part, by its Transcriptional Regulatory Network (TRN) that coordinates its gene expression to respond to different environments. We elucidated the organization and activity of this TRN by applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to a compendium of 108 RNAseq expression profiles from two S. aureus clinical strains (TCH1516 and LAC). ICA decomposed the S. aureus transcriptome into 29 independently modulated sets of genes (i-modulons) that revealed (1) high confidence associations between 21 i-modulons and known regulators; (2) an association between an i-modulon and {sigma}S, whose regulatory role was previously undefined; (3) the regulatory organization of 65 virulence factors in the form of three i-modulons associated with AgrR, SaeR and Vim-3, (4) the roles of three key transcription factors (codY, Fur and ccpA) in coordinating the metabolic and regulatory networks; and (5) a low dimensional representation, involving the function of few transcription factors, of changes in gene expression between two laboratory media (RPMI, CAMHB) and two physiological media (blood and serum). This representation of the TRN covers 842 genes representing 76% of the variance in gene expression that provides a quantitative reconstruction of transcriptional modules in S. aureus, and a platform enabling its full elucidation.

Significance StatementStaphylococcus aureus infections impose an immense burden on the healthcare system. To establish a successful infection in a hostile host environment, S. aureus must coordinate its gene expression to respond to a wide array of challenges. This balancing act is largely orchestrated by the Transcriptional Regulatory Network (TRN). Here, we present a model of 29 independently modulated sets of genes that form the basis for a segment of the TRN in clinical USA300 strains of S. aureus. Using this model, we demonstrate the concerted role of various cellular systems (e.g. metabolism, virulence and stress response) underlying key physiological responses, including response during blood infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.18.997296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing 29 sets of independently modulated genes in Staphylococcus aureus, their regulators and role in key physiological responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.997478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome-wide profiles of circular RNA and RNA binding protein interactions reveal effects on circular RNA biogenesis and cancer pathway expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.997478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable, often highly expressed RNA transcripts with potential to modulate other regulatory RNAs. A few circRNAs have been shown to bind RNA binding proteins (RBPs), however, little is known about the prevalence and strength of these interactions in different biological contexts. Here, we comprehensively evaluate the interplay between circRNAs and RBPs in the ENCODE cell lines, HepG2 and K562, by profiling the expression of circRNAs in fractionated total RNA-sequencing samples and analyzing binding sites of 150 RBPs in large eCLIP data sets. We show that KHSRP binding sites are enriched in flanking introns of circRNAs in both HepG2 and K562 cells, and that KHSRP depletion affects circRNA biogenesis. Additionally, we show that exons forming circRNAs are generally enriched with RBP binding sites compared to non-circularizing exons. To detect individual circRNAs with regulatory potency, we computationally identify circRNAs that are highly covered by RBP binding sites and experimentally validate circRNA-RBP interactions by RNA immunoprecipitations. We characterize circCDYL, a highly expressed circRNA with clinical and functional implications in bladder cancer, which is covered with GRWD1 binding sites. We confirm that circCDYL binds GRWD1 in vivo and functionally characterizes the effect of circCDYL-GRWD1 interactions on target genes in HepG2. Furthermore, we confirm interactions between circCDYL and RBPs in bladder cancer cells and demonstrate that circCDYL depletion affects hallmarks of cancer and perturbs the expression of key cancer genes, e.g. TP53 and MYC. Finally, we show that elevated levels of highly RBP-covered circRNAs, including circCDYL, are associated with overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Our study demonstrates transcriptome-wide and cell-type-specific circRNA-RBP interactions that could play important regulatory roles in tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okholm, T. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamstrup, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fristrup, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyrskjoet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damgaard, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.997478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome-wide profiles of circular RNA and RNA binding protein interactions reveal effects on circular RNA biogenesis and cancer pathway expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed photo-activation of mRNA with single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We demonstrate sequential optical activation of two types of mRNAs in the same mammalian cell through the sequential photocleavage of small molecule caging groups ( photo-cages) tethered to the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of an mRNA. Synthetic  photo-cages were conjugated onto target mRNA using RNA-TAG, an enzymatic site-specific RNA modification technique. Translation of mRNA was severely reduced upon conjugation of the  photo-cages onto the 5'-UTR. However, subsequent photo-release of the  cages from the mRNA transcript triggered activation of translation with single-cell spatiotemporal resolution. To achieve sequential photo-activation of two mRNAs in the same cell, we synthesized a pair of  photo-cages which can be selectively cleaved from mRNA upon photo-irradiation with different wavelengths of light. Sequential photo-activation of two mRNAs enabled precise optical control of translation of two unique transcripts. We believe that this modular approach to precisely and rapidly control gene expression will serve as a powerful tool in future biological studies that require controlling translation of multiple transcripts with high spatiotemporal resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.999631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed photo-activation of mRNA with single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.001693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF Promotes Long-range Enhancer-promoter Interactions and Lineage-specific Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.001693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topologically associating domains (TAD) and insulated neighborhoods (INs) have been proposed to constrain enhancer-promoter communications to enable cell-type specific transcription programs, but recent studies show that disruption of TADs and INs resulted in relatively mild changes in gene expression profiles. To better understand the role of chromatin architecture in dynamic enhancer-promoter contacts and lineage-specific gene expression, we have utilized the auxin-inducible degron system to acutely deplete CTCF, a key factor involved in TADs and IN formation, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and examined chromatin architecture and gene regulation during neural differentiation. We find that while CTCF depletion leads to global weakening of TAD boundaries and loss of INs, only a minor fraction of enhancer-promoter contacts are lost, affecting a small subset of genes. The CTCF-dependent enhancer-promoter contacts tend to be long-range, spanning hundreds of kilobases, and are established directly by CTCF binding to promoters. Disruption of CTCF binding at the promoter reduces enhancer-promoter contacts and transcription, while artificial tethering of CTCF to the promoter restores the enhancer-promoter contacts and gene activation. Genome-wide analysis of CTCF binding and gene expression across multiple mouse tissues suggests that CTCF-dependent promoter-enhancer contacts may regulate expression of additional mouse genes, particularly those expressed in the brain. Our results uncover both CTCF-dependent and independent enhancer-promoter contacts, and highlight a distinct role for CTCF in promoting enhancer-promoter contacts and gene activation in addition to its insulator function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hocker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.001693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF Promotes Long-range Enhancer-promoter Interactions and Lineage-specific Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.006361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into assembly and function of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.006361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin remodelers regulate the position and composition of nucleosomes throughout the genome, producing different remodeling outcomes despite a shared underlying mechanism based on a conserved RecA DNA translocase. How this functional diversity is achieved remains unknown despite recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions of several remodelers, including the yeast RSC complex. To address this, we have focused on a RSC subcomplex comprising its ATPase (Sth1), the essential actin-related proteins (ARPs) Arp7 and Arp9, and the fungal-specific protein Rtt102. Combining cryo-EM and biochemistry of this subcomplex, which exhibits regulation of remodeling by the ARPs, we show that ARP binding induces a helical conformation in the HSA domain of Sth1, which bridges the ATPase domain with the bulk of the complex. Surprisingly, the ARP module is rotated by 120{degrees} in the subcomplex relative to full RSC about a pivot point previously identified as a regulatory hub in Sth1, suggesting that large conformational changes are part of Sth1 regulation and RSC assembly. We also show that an interaction between Sth1 and the nucleosome acidic patch, which appears to be conserved among SWI/SNF remodelers, enhances remodeling. Taken together, our structural data shed light on the assembly and function of the RSC complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carman, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.006361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into assembly and function of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.006668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DDX5 targets tissue-specific RNAs to promote intestine tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.006668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumorigenesis in different segments of the intestinal tract involves tissue-specific oncogenic drivers. In the colon, complement component 3 (C3) activation is a major contributor to inflammation and malignancies. By contrast, tumorigenesis in the small intestine involves fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1). However, little is known of the upstream mechanisms driving their expressions in different segments of the intestinal tract. Here, we report that an RNA binding protein DDX5 augments C3 and FABP1 expressions post-transcriptionally to promote tumorigenesis in the colon and small intestine, respectively. Mice with epithelial-specific knockout of DDX5 are protected from intestine tumorigenesis. The identification of DDX5 as the common upstream regulator of tissue-specific oncogenic molecules provides a new therapeutic target for intestine cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.006668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DDX5 targets tissue-specific RNAs to promote intestine tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incorporation of a nucleoside analog maps genome repair sites in post-mitotic human neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons are the longest-living cells in our bodies, becoming post-mitotic in early development upon terminal differentiation. Their lack of DNA replication makes them reliant on DNA repair mechanisms to maintain genome fidelity. These repair mechanisms decline with age, potentially giving rise to genomic dysfunction that may influence cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite this challenge, our knowledge of how genome instability emerges and what mechanisms neurons and other long-lived cells may have evolved to protect their genome integrity over the human life span is limited. Using a targeted sequencing approach, we demonstrate that neurons consolidate much of their DNA repair efforts into well-defined hotspots that protect genes that are essential for their identity and function. Our findings provide a basis to understand genome integrity as it relates to aging and disease in the nervous system.

One Sentence SummaryRecurrent DNA repair hotspots in neurons are linked to genes essential for identity and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reid, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClain, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linker, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsui, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricciardulli, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.008490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incorporation of a nucleoside analog maps genome repair sites in post-mitotic human neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.016725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-administration of heroin by vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.016725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the last two decades the United States has experienced a significant increase in the medical and non-medical use of opioid drugs, resulting in record numbers of opioid-related overdoses and deaths. There was an initial increase in non-medical use of prescription opioids around 2002, followed later by increased heroin use and then most recently fentanyl. Inhalation is a common route of administration for opioids, with a documented history spanning back to Mediterranean antiquity and up through modern use with e-cigarette devices. Unfortunately, preclinical studies using inhalation as the route of administration remain relatively few. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of e-cigarette vapor inhalation of heroin in rats. Non-contingent exposure to heroin or methadone vapor produced anti-nociceptive efficacy in male and female rats. Female rats were trained to self-administer heroin vapor; the most-preferring half of the distribution obtained more vapor reinforcers when the concentration of heroin was reduced in the vapor vehicle and when pre-treated with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. The anti-nociceptive effect of heroin self-administered by vapor was identical in magnitude to that produced by intravenous self-administration. Finally, anxiety-like behavior increased 24-48 hours after last heroin vapor access, consistent with withdrawal signs observed after intravenous self-administration. In sum, these studies show that rewarding and anti-nociceptive effects of heroin are produced in rats by vapor inhalation using e-cigarette technology. Importantly, self-administration models by this route can be deployed to determine health effects of inhaled heroin or other opioids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.016725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-administration of heroin by vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.016972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of cellular diversity in primary motor cortex of human, marmoset monkey, and mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.016972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary motor cortex (M1) is essential for voluntary fine motor control and is functionally conserved across mammals. Using high-throughput transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of over 450,000 single nuclei in human, marmoset monkey, and mouse, we demonstrate a broadly conserved cellular makeup of this region, whose similarity mirrors evolutionary distance and is consistent between the transcriptome and epigenome. The core conserved molecular identity of neuronal and non-neuronal types allowed the generation of a cross-species consensus cell type classification and inference of conserved cell type properties across species. Despite overall conservation, many species specializations were apparent, including differences in cell type proportions, gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin state. Few cell type marker genes were conserved across species, providing a short list of candidate genes and regulatory mechanisms responsible for conserved features of homologous cell types, such as the GABAergic chandelier cells. This consensus transcriptomic classification allowed the Patch-seq identification of layer 5 (L5) corticospinal Betz cells in non-human primate and human and characterization of their highly specialized physiology and anatomy. These findings highlight the robust molecular underpinnings of cell type diversity in M1 across mammals and point to the genes and regulatory pathways responsible for the functional identity of cell types and their species-specific adaptations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorstad, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalmbach, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggermont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aevermann, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crichton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daigle, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dembrow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graybuck, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herb, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kancherla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroll, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, B. v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahurkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moussa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orvis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ow</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.016972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of cellular diversity in primary motor cortex of human, marmoset monkey, and mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.019372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Granadaene Photobleaching Reduces the Virulence and Increases Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.019372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is increasingly recognized as a major cause of soft tissue and invasive diseases in the elderly and diabetic populations. Antibiotics like penicillin are used with great frequency to treat these infections, although antimicrobial resistance is increasing among GBS strains and underlines a need for alternative methods not reliant on traditional antibiotics. GBS hemolysin/cytolysin and granadaene pigment are two major linked virulence factors that contribute to GBS pathogenicity. Here we show that photobleaching of the antioxidant granadaene renders the pathogen more susceptible to killing by mouse macrophages and to hydrogen peroxide killing. Photo-treatment also leads to loss of activity of the linked hemolysin/cytolysin although photobleaching disproportionally affected the activity of the two factors. Treatment with light also affected GBS membrane permeability and contribute to increased susceptibility to the cell membrane active antibiotic daptomycin and to penicillin. Overall our study demonstrates a dual effect of photobleaching on the virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS and suggests a novel approach for the treatment of GBS infection. Our findings further provide new insight on the relationship between GBS hemolysin and the granadaene pigment.

ImportanceFor elderly individuals or those with chronic underlying conditions (such as diabetes), skin infections caused by Streptococcus agalactiae represent a significant risk for the development of invasive disease. S. agalactiae strains are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. By utilizing blue light to neutralize the granadaene pigment present in S. agalactiae, this paper presents a non-invasive and non-antibiotic reliant process capable of reducing GBS virulence while increasing the antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterium. The differential effect of blue light on the linked GBS hemolysin/cytolysin and granadene pigment further provides new insight on the relationship between the two virulence factors. Overall photo-treatment represents a novel strategy for the treatment of S. agalactiae infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jusuf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulloa, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.019372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Granadaene Photobleaching Reduces the Virulence and Increases Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.019612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenomic Diversity of Cortical Projection Neurons in the Mouse Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.019612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal cell types are classically defined by their molecular properties, anatomy, and functions. While recent advances in single-cell genomics have led to high-resolution molecular characterization of cell type diversity in the brain, neuronal cell types are often studied out of the context of their anatomical properties. To better understand the relationship between molecular and anatomical features defining cortical neurons, we combined retrograde labeling with single-nucleus DNA methylation sequencing to link epigenomic properties of cell types to neuronal projections. We examined 11,827 single neocortical neurons from 63 cortico-cortical (CC) and cortico-subcortical long-distance projections. Our results revealed unique epigenetic signatures of projection neurons that correspond to their laminar and regional location and projection patterns. Based on their epigenomes, intra-telencephalic (IT) cells projecting to different cortical targets could be further distinguished, and some layer 5 neurons projecting to extra-telencephalic targets (L5-ET) formed separate subclusters that aligned with their axonal projections. Such separation varied between cortical areas, suggesting area-specific differences in L5-ET subtypes, which were further validated by anatomical studies. Interestingly, a population of CC projection neurons clustered with L5-ET rather than IT neurons, suggesting a population of L5-ET cortical neurons projecting to both targets (L5-ET+CC). We verified the existence of these neurons by labeling the axon terminals of CC projection neurons and observed clear labeling in ET targets including thalamus, superior colliculus, and pons. These findings highlight the power of single-cell epigenomic approaches to connect the molecular properties of neurons with their anatomical and projection properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchgessner, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyazaki, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggeman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.01.019612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenomic Diversity of Cortical Projection Neurons in the Mouse Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.020792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple freeze-thaw cycles lead to a loss of consistency in poly(A)-enriched RNA sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.01.020792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-Seq is ubiquitous, but depending on the study, sub-optimal sample handling may be required, resulting in repeated freeze-thaw cycles. However, little is known about how each cycle impacts downstream analyses, due to a lack of study and known limitations in common RNA quality metrics, e.g., RIN, at quantifying RNA degradation following repeated freeze-thaws. Here we quantify the impact of repeated freeze-thaw on the reliability of downstream RNA-Seq analysis. To do so, we developed a method to estimate the relative noise between technical replicates independently of RIN. Using this approach we inferred the effect of both RIN and the number of freeze-thaw cycles on sample noise. We find that RIN is unable to fully account for the change in sample noise due to freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally, freeze-thaw is detrimental to sample quality and differential expression (DE) reproducibility, approaching zero after three cycles for poly(A)-enriched samples, wherein the inherent 3 bias in read coverage is more exacerbated by freeze-thaw cycles, while ribosome-depleted samples are less affected by freeze-thaws. The use of poly(A)-enrichment for RNA sequencing is pervasive in library preparation of frozen tissue, and thus, it is important during experimental design and data analysis to consider the impact of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on reproducibility.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=103 SRC="FIGDIR/small/020792v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramparo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazestani, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begzati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalabolu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.01.020792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple freeze-thaw cycles lead to a loss of consistency in poly(A)-enriched RNA sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.019075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid community-driven development of a SARS-CoV-2 tissue simulator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.019075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a pathogen of critical significance to international public health. Knowledge of the interplay between molecular-scale virus-receptor interactions, single-cell viral replication, intracellular-scale viral transport, and emergent tissue-scale viral propagation is limited. Moreover, little is known about immune system-virus-tissue interactions and how these can result in low-level (asymptomatic) infections in some cases and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in others, particularly with respect to presentation in different age groups or pre-existing inflammatory risk factors. Given the nonlinear interactions within and among each of these processes, multiscale simulation models can shed light on the emergent dynamics that lead to divergent outcomes, identify actionable "choke points" for pharmacologic interventions, screen potential therapies, and identify potential biomarkers that differentiate patient outcomes. Given the complexity of the problem and the acute need for an actionable model to guide therapy discovery and optimization, we introduce and iteratively refine a prototype of a multiscale model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in lung tissue. The first prototype model was built and shared internationally as open source code and an online interactive model in under 12 hours, and community domain expertise is driving regular refinements. In a sustained community effort, this consortium is integrating data and expertise across virology, immunology, mathematical biology, quantitative systems physiology, cloud and high performance computing, and other domains to accelerate our response to this critical threat to international health. More broadly, this effort is creating a reusable, modular framework for studying viral replication and immune response in tissues, which can also potentially be adapted to related problems in immunology and immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiland, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford Versypt, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cockrell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glazier, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macklin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.019075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid community-driven development of a SARS-CoV-2 tissue simulator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.026708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational profiling of micro-dissected pre-malignant lesions from archived specimens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.026708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSystematic cancer screening has led to the increased detection of pre-malignant lesions (PMLs). The absence of reliable prognostic markers has led mostly to over treatment resulting in potentially unnecessary stress, or potentially insufficient treatment and avoidable progression. Importantly, most mutational profiling studies have relied on PML synchronous to invasive cancer, or performed in patients without outcome information, hence limiting their utility for biomarker discovery. The limitations in comprehensive mutational profiling of PMLs are in large part due to the significant technical and methodological challenges: most PML specimens are small, fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded (FFPE) and lack matching normal DNA.

MethodsUsing test DNA from a highly degraded FFPE specimen, multiple targeted sequencing approaches were evaluated, varying DNA input amount (3-200 ng), library preparation strategy (BE: Blunt-End, SS: Single-Strand, AT: A-Tailing) and target size (whole exome vs cancer gene panel). Variants in high-input DNA from FFPE and mirrored frozen specimens were used for PML-specific variant calling training and testing, respectively. The resulting approach was applied to profile and compare multiple regions micro-dissected (mean area 5 mm2) from 3 breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

ResultsUsing low-input FFPE DNA, BE and SS libraries resulted in 4.9 and 3.7 increase over AT libraries in the fraction of whole exome covered at 20x (BE:87%, SS:63%, AT:17%). Compared to high-confidence somatic mutations from frozen specimens, PML-specific variant filtering increased recall (BE:85%, SS:80%, AT:75%) and precision (BE:93%, SS:91%, AT:84%) to levels expected from sampling variation. Copy number alterations were consistent across all tested approaches and only impacted by the design of the capture probe-set. Applied to DNA extracted from 9 micro-dissected regions (8 PML, 1 normal epithelium), the approach achieved comparable performance, illustrated the data adequacy to identify candidate driver events (GATA3 mutations, ERBB2 or FGFR1 gains, TP53 loss) and measure intra-lesion genetic heterogeneity.

ConclusionAlternate experimental and analytical strategies increased the accuracy of DNA sequencing from archived micro-dissected PML regions, supporting the deeper molecular characterization of early cancer lesions and achieving a critical milestone in the development of biology-informed prognostic markers and precision chemo-prevention strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nachmanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Keefe, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasteh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirst, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esserman, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.05.026708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational profiling of micro-dissected pre-malignant lesions from archived specimens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.007948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
POMK Regulates Dystroglycan Function via LARGE-mediated Elongation of Matriglycan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.007948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Matriglycan [-GlcA-{beta}1,3-Xyl-1,3-]n serves as a scaffold in many tissues for extracellular matrix proteins containing laminin-G domains including laminin, agrin, and perlecan. Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 (LARGE) synthesizes and extends matriglycan on -dystroglycan (-DG) during skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration; however, the mechanisms which regulate matriglycan elongation are unknown. Here, we show that Protein O-Mannose Kinase (POMK), which phosphorylates mannose of core M3 (GalNac-{beta}1,3-GlcNac-{beta}1,4-Man) preceding matriglycan synthesis, is required for LARGE-mediated generation of full-length matriglycan on -DG ([~]150 kDa). In the absence of POMK, LARGE synthesizes a very short matriglycan resulting in a [~]90 kDa -DG in mouse skeletal muscle which binds laminin but cannot prevent eccentric contraction-induced force loss or muscle pathology. Solution NMR spectroscopy studies demonstrate that LARGE directly interacts with core M3 and binds preferentially to the phosphorylated form. Collectively, our study demonstrates that phosphorylation of core M3 by POMK enables LARGE to elongate matriglycan on -DG, thereby preventing muscular dystrophy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walimbe, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yonekawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venzke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devereaux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuellar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prouty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Campo Landa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muntoni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.06.007948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[POMK Regulates Dystroglycan Function via LARGE-mediated Elongation of Matriglycan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physical and mental health characteristics of adults with subjective cognitive decline: A study of 3,407 people aged 18-81 years from an MTurk-based U.S. national sample 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), or internal feelings of reduced mental capacity, is of increasing interest in the scientific, clinical, and lay community. Much of the extant literature is focused on SCD as a risk factor for Alzheimers disease in older adults, while less attention has been paid to non-cognitive health correlates of SCD across adulthood. Consequently, we investigated physical and mental health correlates of SCD in younger, middle-aged, and older adults. We recruited 3,407 U.S. residents through Amazons Mechanical Turk, an online labor market. Participants completed a 90-item self-report survey questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, sleep, depression, anxiety, loneliness, wisdom, self-efficacy, and happiness. Overall, 493/1930 (25.5%) of younger adults (18-49) and 278/1032 (26.9%) of older adults (50 or older) endorsed the SCD item. Multivariate analysis of variance and follow-up t-tests revealed worse physical and mental health characteristics in people endorsing SCD compared to those who did not, with effect sizes primarily in the medium to large range. Additionally, age did not moderate relationships between SCD and physical and mental health. Results suggest that SCD is associated with a diverse set of negative health characteristics such as poor sleep and high body mass index, and lower levels of positive factors including happiness and wisdom. Effect sizes of psychological correlates of SCD were as large as (or larger than) those of physical correlates, indicating that mental health and affective symptoms may be critical to consider when evaluating SCD. Overall, findings from this large, national U.S. sample suggest the presence of relationships between SCD and multiple psychological and perceived health factors; our results also show that SCD may be highly prevalent in both younger and older adults, suggesting that it be assessed across the adult lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Patten, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmood, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeste, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twamley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.07.029553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physical and mental health characteristics of adults with subjective cognitive decline: A study of 3,407 people aged 18-81 years from an MTurk-based U.S. national sample]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.030981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual function restoration in genetically blind mice via endogenous cellular reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.030981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we developed an in-situ cellular reprogramming strategy for potent restoration of vision in advanced/end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Via repressing PTB, an RNA binding protein critical for converting non-neuronal cells to the neuronal lineage, we successfully reprogramed Muller glia to a retinal neuronal fate, and then to cones. We demonstrated that this cellular reprogramming approach was able to rescue retinal photoreceptor degeneration and restore visual functions in two RP mouse models with total blindness, suggesting a novel universal strategy for treating end-stage degenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.030981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual function restoration in genetically blind mice via endogenous cellular reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct evolutionary paths in chronic lymphocytic leukemia during resistance to graft-versus-leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance to the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect remains the major barrier to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for aggressive hematologic malignancies. The basis of GvL resistance for advanced lymphoid malignancies remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with allo-HSCT, leukemic cell-intrinsic features shape GvL outcomes by directing the evolutionary trajectories of CLL cells. Integrated genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of CLL cells from 10 patients revealed that the clinical kinetics of post- HSCT relapse are shaped by distinct molecular dynamics and suggest that the selection pressures of the GvL bottleneck are unlike those imposed by chemotherapy. No selective advantage for HLA loss was observed, even when present in pre-transplant subpopulations. Regardless of post-transplant relapse kinetics, gain of stem cell modules was a common signature associated with leukemia relapse. These data elucidate the biological pathways that underlie GvL resistance and post-transplant relapse.

One Sentence SummaryWe find that the clinical kinetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia relapse after stem cell transplant are underwritten by distinct genetic and epigenetic evolutionary trajectories and suggest that the selection pressures of the post-transplant, immunologic bottleneck are unlike those imposed by chemotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bachireddy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ennis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clement, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohil, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elagina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leshchiner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rassenti, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipps, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnirke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soiffer, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alyea, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.033555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct evolutionary paths in chronic lymphocytic leukemia during resistance to graft-versus-leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.028076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A New Form of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Treating Ischemic Tissue via Intravascular Infusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.028076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomaterials, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels, have been widely used in preclinical studies as injectable tissue engineering therapies; however, injectable therapies are limited as they can cause localized trauma or organ perforation. We have developed a new ECM therapy, the low molecular weight fraction derived from decellularized, digested ECM, for intravascular infusion. This new form of ECM can be infused after injury, specifically localize to injured tissues by coating the leaky microvasculature, and promote cell survival and tissue repair. In this study, we show the feasibility and targeting of intravascular ECM infusions using models of acute myocardial infarction (MI), traumatic brain injury, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Furthermore, safety and efficacy were demonstrated in small and large animal models of acute MI following intracoronary infusion, which included using a clinically-relevant catheter in the large animal model. Functional improvements, specifically reduced left ventricular volumes and improved wall motion scores were observed after ECM infusions post-MI. Genes related to tissue repair and inflammation were differential expressed in response to ECM infusions. This study shows proof-of-concept for a new paradigm of delivering pro-healing ECM biomaterials via intravascular infusion to heal tissue from the inside out.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spang, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazerson, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbitt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrales, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contijoch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMaria, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.028076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A New Form of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Treating Ischemic Tissue via Intravascular Infusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.036483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitivity to Monoclonal Antibody 447-52D and an Open Env Trimer Conformation Correlate Poorly with Inhibition of HIV-1 Infectivity by SERINC5 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.036483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The host protein SERINC5 inhibits the infectivity of HIV-1 virions in an Env-dependent manner and is counteracted by Nef. The conformation of the Env trimer reportedly correlates with sensitivity to SERINC5. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the "open" conformation of the Env trimer revealed by sensitivity to the V3-loop specific antibody 447-52D directly correlates with sensitivity to SERINC5. Of five Envs tested, SF162 was the most sensitive to neutralization by 447-52D, but it was not the most sensitive to SERINC5; instead the Env of LAI was substantially more sensitive to SERINC5 than all the other Envs. Mutational opening of the trimer by substitution of two tyrosines that mediate interaction between the V2 and V3 loops sensitized the Envs of JRFL and LAI to 447-52D as previously reported, but only BaL was sensitized to SERINC5. These data suggest that trimer "openness" is not sufficient for sensitivity to SERINC5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Angerstein, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollbrecht, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.036483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitivity to Monoclonal Antibody 447-52D and an Open Env Trimer Conformation Correlate Poorly with Inhibition of HIV-1 Infectivity by SERINC5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.041210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An aptamer-based magnetic flow cytometer using matched filtering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.041210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Facing unprecedented population-ageing, the management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) urgently needs a point-of-care (PoC) testing infrastructure. Magnetic flow cytometers are one such solution for rapid cancer cellular detection in a PoC setting. In this work, we report a giant magnetoresistive spin-valve (GMR SV) biosensor array with a multi-stripe sensor geometry and matched filtering to improve detection accuracy without compromising throughput. The carefully designed sensor geometry generates a characteristic signature when cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) pass by thus enabling multi-parametric measurement like optical flow cytometers (FCMs). Enumeration and multi-parametric information were successfully measured across two decades of throughput. 10-{micro}m polymer microspheres were used as a biomimetic model where MNPs and MNP-decorated polymer conjugates were flown over the GMR SV sensor array and detected with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as 2.5 dB due to the processing gain afforded by the matched filtering. The performance was compared against optical observation, exhibiting a 92% detection efficiency. The system achieved a 95% counting accuracy for biomimetic models and 98% for aptamer-based pancreatic cancer cell detection. This system demonstrates the ability to perform reliable PoC diagnostics towards the benefit for NCD control plans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.041210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An aptamer-based magnetic flow cytometer using matched filtering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Autophagy-Dependent Tubular Lysosomal Network Synchronizes Degradative Activity Required for Muscle Remodeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previously, we reported that autophagy is critical for Drosophila muscle remodeling during metamorphosis (Fujita et al., 2017). However, little is known about how lysosomes meet increased degradative demand upon cellular remodeling. Here, we found an extensive tubular autolysosomal network in remodeling muscle. The tubular network transiently appeared and exhibited the capacity to degrade autophagic cargoes. The tubular autolysosomal network was uniquely marked by the autophagic SNARE protein, Syntaxin 17, and its formation depended on both autophagic flux and degradative function, with the exception of the Atg12 and Atg8 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems. Among ATG-deficient mutants, the efficiency of lysosomal tubulation correlated with the phenotypic severity in muscle remodeling. The lumen of the tubular network was continuous and homogeneous across a broad region of the remodeling muscle. Altogether, we revealed that the dynamic expansion of a tubular autolysosomal network synchronizes the abundant degradative activity required for developmentally regulated muscle remodeling.

Impact StatementAnalysis of developmentally-regulated Drosophila muscle remodeling revealed autophagy-dependent formation of an extensive, Syntaxin 17-marked, tubular network that synchronizes the abundant degradative activity across a broad region of the remodeling muscle
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murakawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiger, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakamaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.043075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Autophagy-Dependent Tubular Lysosomal Network Synchronizes Degradative Activity Required for Muscle Remodeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incremental language comprehension difficulty predicts activity in the language network but not the multiple demand network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
What role do domain-general executive functions play in human language comprehension? To address this question, we examine the relationship between behavioral measures of comprehension and neural activity in the domain-general "multiple demand" (MD) network, which has been linked to constructs like attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and selection, and implicated in diverse goal-directed behaviors. Specifically, fMRI data collected during naturalistic story listening are compared to theory-neutral measures of online comprehension difficulty and incremental processing load (reading times and eye-fixation durations). Critically, to ensure that variance in these measures is driven by features of the linguistic stimulus rather than reflecting participant-or trial-level variability, the neuroimaging and behavioral datasets were collected in non-overlapping samples. We find no behavioral-neural link in functionally localized MD regions; instead, this link is found in the domain-specific, fronto-temporal "core language network", in both left hemispheric areas and their right hemispheric homologues. These results argue against strong involvement of domain-general executive circuits in language comprehension.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wehbe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blank, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Futrell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von der Malsburg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.043844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incremental language comprehension difficulty predicts activity in the language network but not the multiple demand network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Large-scale Drug Repositioning Survey for SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of novel SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 has triggered an ongoing global pandemic of severe pneumonia-like disease designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, more than 2.1 million confirmed cases and 139,500 deaths have been reported worldwide, and there are currently no medical countermeasures available to prevent or treat the disease. As the development of a vaccine could require at least 12-18 months, and the typical timeline from hit finding to drug registration of an antiviral is >10 years, repositioning of known drugs can significantly accelerate the development and deployment of therapies for COVID-19. To identify therapeutics that can be repurposed as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals, we profiled a library of known drugs encompassing approximately 12,000 clinical-stage or FDA-approved small molecules. Here, we report the identification of 30 known drugs that inhibit viral replication. Of these, six were characterized for cellular dose-activity relationships, and showed effective concentrations likely to be commensurate with therapeutic doses in patients. These include the PIKfyve kinase inhibitor Apilimod, cysteine protease inhibitors MDL-28170, Z LVG CHN2, VBY-825, and ONO 5334, and the CCR1 antagonist MLN-3897. Since many of these molecules have advanced into the clinic, the known pharmacological and human safety profiles of these compounds will accelerate their preclinical and clinical evaluation for COVID-19 treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Sancho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsunaga, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgstaller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jesus, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J. F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok-Man Poon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herbert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Sobrido, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miorin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.044016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Large-scale Drug Repositioning Survey for SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.052068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ViralMSA: Massively scalable reference-guided multiple sequence alignment of viral genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.052068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motivation In molecular epidemiology, the identification of clusters of transmissions typically requires the alignment of viral genomic sequence data. However, existing methods of multiple sequence alignment scale poorly with respect to the number of sequences.Results ViralMSA is a user-friendly reference-guided multiple sequence alignment tool that leverages the algorithmic techniques of read mappers to enable the multiple sequence alignment of ultra-large viral genome datasets. It scales linearly with the number of sequences, and it is able to align tens of thousands of full viral genomes in seconds.Availability ViralMSA is freely available at https://github.com/niemasd/ViralMSA as an open-source software project.Contact a1moshir{at}ucsd.eduCompeting Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.052068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ViralMSA: Massively scalable reference-guided multiple sequence alignment of viral genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.054007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Basis of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Nef 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.054007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The HIV-1 protein Nef suppresses multiple immune surveillance mechanisms to promote viral pathogenesis1. Individuals infected with HIV-1 encoding defective nef genes do not develop AIDS for decades2,3. A key target of Nef is the cellular receptor CD4. Although essential for viral entry into host cells, CD4 is problematic for the virus later in its replication cycle: CD4 disrupts processing of the viral glycoprotein, Env, inhibiting infectivity4; it interferes with the release of new virions5,6; and it causes vulnerability to superinfection, causing premature cell death and limiting viral productivity7. Furthermore, binding of CD4 to Env exposes otherwise-concealed Env epitopes, rendering infected cells more susceptible to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and virus particles more susceptible to neutralizing antibodies8-10. HIV-1 has evolved strategies to mitigate these problems. Newly synthesized CD4 is targeted in the endoplasmic reticulum by the viral Vpu protein for proteasomal degradation11. Surface-expressed CD4, in contrast, is targeted by Nef for endocytosis and lysosomal degradation12-15. Nefs effect on CD4 involves hijacking of clathrin adaptor complex 2 (AP2)-dependent endocytosis16,17. Although how Nef associates with a part of the tetrameric AP2 is understood18, a complete understanding of the interaction, especially how CD4 is sequestered by Nef into a complex with AP2, has remained elusive. Here, we present a high-resolution crystal structure that describes the underlying mechanism. An intricate combination of conformational changes occurs in both Nef and AP2 to enable CD4 binding and downregulation. Strikingly, a pocket on Nef previously identified as crucial for recruiting class I MHC is also responsible for recruiting CD4, revealing a potential approach to inhibit two of Nefs activities and sensitize the virus to immune clearance
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaake, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kress, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.054007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Basis of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Nef]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.060822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specialized and shared functions of diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases in Streptomyces development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.060822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Levels of the second messenger bis-3-5-cyclic di-guanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) determine when Streptomyces initiate sporulation to survive under adverse conditions. c-di-GMP signals are integrated into the genetic differentiation network by the regulator BldD and the sigma factor {sigma}WhiG. However, functions of the development-specific c-di-GMP diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) CdgB and CdgC, and the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) RmdA and RmdB, are poorly understood. Here, we provide biochemical evidence that the GGDEF-EAL domain protein RmdB from S. venezuelae is a monofunctional PDE that hydrolyzes c-di-GMP to 5pGpG. Despite having an equivalent GGDEF-EAL domain arrangement, RmdA cleaves c-di-GMP to GMP and exhibits residual DGC activity. We show that an intact EAL motif is crucial for the in vivo function of both enzymes since strains expressing protein variants with an AAA motif instead of EAL are delayed in development, similar to null mutants. Global transcriptome analysis of {Delta}cdgB, {Delta}cdgC, {Delta}rmdA and {Delta}rmdB strains revealed that the c-di-GMP specified by these enzymes has a global regulatory role, with about 20 % of all S. venezuelae genes being differentially expressed in the cdgC mutant. Our data suggest that the major c-di-GMP-controlled targets determining the timing and mode of sporulation are genes involved cell division and the production of the hydrophobic sheath that covers Streptomyces aerial hyphae and spores. Altogether, this study provides a global view of the c-di-GMP-dependent genes that contribute to the hyphae-to-spores transition and sheds light on the shared and specific functions of the key enzymes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism in S. venezuelae.

ImportanceStreptomyces are important producers of clinical antibiotics. The ability to synthesize these natural products is connected to their developmental biology, which includes a transition from filamentous cells to spores. The widespread bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP controls this complex switch and is a promising tool to improve antibiotic production. Here, we analyzed the enzymes that make and break c-di-GMP in S. venezuelae by studying the genome-wide transcriptional effects of the DGCs CdgB and CdgC and the PDEs RmdA and RmdB. We found that the c-di-GMP specified by these enzymes has a global regulatory role. However, despite shared enzymatic activities, the four c-di-GMP enzymes have specialized inputs into differentiation. Altogether, we demonstrate that altering c-di-GMP levels through the action of selected enzymes yields characteristically distinct transcriptional profiles; this can be an important consideration when modulating c-di-GMP for the purposes of natural product synthesis in Streptomyces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haist, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Bassam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliot, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschowri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.060822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specialized and shared functions of diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases in Streptomyces development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.25.061598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated mosquito small RNA genomics resource reveals dynamic evolution and host responses to viruses and transposons. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.25.061598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although mosquitoes are major transmission vectors for pathogenic arboviruses, viral infection has little impact on mosquito health. This immunity is due in part to mosquito RNA interference (RNAi) pathways that generate antiviral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). RNAi also maintains genome integrity by potently repressing mosquito transposon activity in the germline and soma. However, viral and transposon small RNA regulatory pathways have not been systematically examined together in mosquitoes. Therefore, we developed an integrated Mosquito Small RNA Genomics (MSRG) resource that analyzes the transposon and virus small RNA profiles in mosquito cell cultures and somatic and gonadal tissues across four medically important mosquito species. Our resource captures both somatic and gonadal small RNA expression profiles within mosquito cell cultures, and we report the evolutionary dynamics of a novel Mosquito-Conserved piRNA Cluster Locus (MCpiRCL) composed of satellite DNA repeats. In the larger culicine mosquito genomes we detected highly regular periodicity in piRNA biogenesis patterns coinciding with the expansion of Piwi pathway genes. Finally, our resource enables detection of crosstalk between piRNA and siRNA populations in mosquito cells during a response to virus infection. The MSRG resource will aid efforts to dissect and combat the capacity of mosquitoes to tolerate and spread arboviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastav, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feitosa-Suntheimer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brackney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colpitts, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasgon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.061598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated mosquito small RNA genomics resource reveals dynamic evolution and host responses to viruses and transposons.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.25.061994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pangenome analytics reveal two-component systems as conserved targets in ESKAPEE pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.25.061994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria sense and respond to environmental stimuli through two-component systems (TCSs), that are composed of histidine kinase sensing and response regulator elements. TCSs are ubiquitous and participate in numerous cellular functions. TCSs across the ESKAPEE pathogens, representing the leading causes of nosocomial infections, were characterized using pangenome analytics, including annotation, mapping, pangenomic status, gene orientation, sequence variation, and structure. Our findings fall into two categories. 1) phylogenetic distribution of TCSs: (i) the number and types of TCSs varies between species of the ESKAPEE pathogens; (ii) TCSs are group-specific, i.e., Gram-positive and Gram-negative, except for KdpDE; (iii) most TCSs are conserved among genomes of an ESKAPEE, except in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2) sequence variation: (i) at the operon level, the genomic architecture of a TCS operon stratifies into a few discrete classes; and (ii) at the gene sequence level, histidine kinases, responsible for signal sensing, show sequence and structural variability as compared to response regulators that show a high degree of conservation. Taken together, this first comprehensive pangenomic assessment of TCSs reveals a range of strategies deployed by the ESKAPEE pathogens to manifest pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. It further suggests that the conserved features of TCSs makes them an attractive group of potential targets with which to address antibiotic resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalldorf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.061994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pangenome analytics reveal two-component systems as conserved targets in ESKAPEE pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.057943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
What does your cell really do? Model-based assessment of mammalian cells metabolic functionalities using omics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.057943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale omics experiments have become standard in biological studies, leading to a deluge of data. However, researchers still face the challenge of connecting changes in the omics data to changes in cell functions, due to the complex interdependencies between genes, proteins and metabolites. Here we present a novel framework that begins to overcome this problem by allowing users to infer how metabolic functions change, based on omics data. To enable this, we curated and standardized lists of metabolic tasks that mammalian cells can accomplish. We then used genome-scale metabolic networks to define gene modules responsible for each specific metabolic task. We further developed a framework to overlay omics data on these modules to predict pathway usage for each metabolic task. The proposed approach allows one to directly predict how changes in omics experiments change cell or tissue function. We further demonstrated how this new approach can be used to leverage the metabolic functions of biological entities from the single cell to their organization in tissues and organs using multiple transcriptomic datasets (human and mouse). Finally, we created a web-based CellFie module that has been integrated into the list of tools available in GenePattern (www.genepattern.org) to enable adoption of the approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reagan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heirendt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trefois, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juarez, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bath, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robasky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.057943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[What does your cell really do? Model-based assessment of mammalian cells metabolic functionalities using omics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.062638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning uncovers independently regulated modules in the Bacillus subtilis transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.062638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of Bacillus subtilis coordinates cellular functions of fundamental interest, including metabolism, biofilm formation, and sporulation. Here, we use unsupervised machine learning to modularize the transcriptome and quantitatively describe regulatory activity under diverse conditions, creating an unbiased summary of gene expression. We obtain 83 independently modulated gene sets that explain most of the variance in expression, and demonstrate that 76% of them represent the effects of known regulators. The TRN structure and its condition-dependent activity uncover novel or recently discovered roles for at least 5 regulons, such as a relationship between histidine utilization and quorum sensing. The TRN also facilitates quantification of population-level sporulation states, revealing a putative anaerobic metabolism role for SigG. As this TRN covers the majority of the transcriptome and concisely characterizes the global expression state, it could inform research on nearly every aspect of transcriptional regulation in B. subtilis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.062638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning uncovers independently regulated modules in the Bacillus subtilis transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.064584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived motor neurons resolves early and predictive ALS signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.064584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neural cultures from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients can reflect disease phenotypes targetable by treatments. However, widely used differentiation protocols produce mixtures of progenitors, neurons, glia, and other cells at various developmental stages and rostrocaudal neural tube segments. Here we present a methodology using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to distinguish cell type expression in C9orf72 ALS, sporadic ALS, control, and genome-edited cultures across multiple subjects, experiments, and commercial platforms. Combinations of HOX and developmental gene expression with global clustering classified rostrocaudal, progenitor, and mantle zone fates. This demonstrated that iPSC-differentiated cells recapitulate fetal hindbrain and spinal cord development and resolved early, reproducible, and motor neuron-specific signatures of familial and sporadic ALS. This includes downregulated ELAVL3 expression, which persists into disease endstages. Single-cell analysis thus yielded predictive ALS markers in other human and mouse models which were otherwise undiscovered through bulk omics assays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ORourke, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellogg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banuelos, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aladesuyi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oheb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khrebtukova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baloh, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svendsen, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.064584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human iPSC-derived motor neurons resolves early and predictive ALS signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.065417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PtrR (YneJ) is a novel E. coli transcription factor regulating the putrescine stress response and glutamate utilization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.065417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although polyamines, such as putrescine (Ptr), induce envelope stress for bacteria, they are important as nitrogen and carbon sources. Ptr utilization in Escherichia coli involves protein glutamylation, and glutamate stands at a crossroads between catabolism and anabolism. This communication reports that the transcription factor YneJ, here renamed PtrR, is involved in the regulation of a small regulatory RNA gene, fnrS, and an operon, yneIHGF, encoding succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Sad (YneI), glutaminase, GlsB (YneH), and several other genes. The yneI promoter is activated during putrescine utilization under nitrogen/carbon starvation conditions, and we show that PtrR is important for the putrescine stress response. It is also a repressor of fnrS gene expression, involved in the cascade regulation of mRNA synthesis for the marA and sodB genes, involved in antibiotic responses. PtrR transcriptional regulation of fnrS leads to a regulatory cascade induced by this small RNA that affects mRNA levels of ompF and the multidrug resistance regulator, MarA. We propose that PtrR functions as a dual activator/repressor, and that its regulation is important for the responses to different stress conditions involving L-glutamine/L-glutamate and putrescine utilization.

IMPORTANCEPutrescine is an important source of nitrogen for many organisms, but it also induces stress. Although its metabolism has been studied extensively, the regulatory mechanisms that control the stress response are still poorly understood. This study reveals that the HTH-type transcriptional regulator, YneJ in Escherichia coli, here re-named PtrR, is important for the putrescine stress response, in part because it plays a role in outer membrane porin regulation as a sensor in a regulatory cascade. Direct PtrR transcriptional regulation of the fnrS, yneI (sad), gltS and ptrR genes is documented and rationalized, and nine PtrR binding sites were identified using ChIP-Exo. A ptrR mutant exhibited altered resistance to a tetracycline group of antibiotics under microaerophilic conditions, suggesting that PtrR indirectly controls expression of porin genes such as ompF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodionova, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wong, n.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saier, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.065417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PtrR (YneJ) is a novel E. coli transcription factor regulating the putrescine stress response and glutamate utilization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The TAT Protein Transduction Domain as an Intra-articular Drug-Delivery Technology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveIntra-articular drug delivery holds great promise for the treatment of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the TAT peptide transduction domain (TAT-PTD) as a potential intra-articular drug delivery technology for synovial joints.

DesignExperiments examined the ability of TAT conjugates to associate with primary chondrocytes and alter cellular function both in vitro and in vivo. Further experiments examined the ability of the TAT-PTD to bind to human osteoarthritic cartilage.

ResultsThe results show that the TAT-PTD associates with chondrocytes, is capable of delivering siRNA for chondrocyte gene knockdown, and that the recombinant enzyme TAT-Cre is capable of inducing in vivo genetic recombination within the knee joint in a reporter mouse model. Lastly, binding studies show that osteoarthritic cartilage preferentially uptakes the TAT-PTD from solution.

ConclusionsThe results suggest that the TAT-PTD is a promising delivery strategy for intra-articular therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mailhiot, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eguchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinkel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowdy, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>June, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.066902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The TAT Protein Transduction Domain as an Intra-articular Drug-Delivery Technology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.067124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-selective reconstruction of causal and direct connectivity with application to in-vitro iPSC neuronal networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.067124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advancements in the development of cell-based in-vitro neuronal network models, the lack of appropriate computational tools limits their analyses. Methods aimed at deciphering the effective connections between neurons from extracellular spike recordings would increase utility of in-vitro local neural circuits, especially for studies of human neural development and disease based on induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Current techniques allow statistical inference of functional couplings in the network but are fundamentally unable to correctly identify indirect and apparent connections between neurons, generating redundant maps with limited ability to model the causal dynamics of the network. In this paper, we describe a novel mathematically rigorous, model-free method to map effective - direct and causal - connectivity of neuronal networks from multi-electrode array data. The inference algorithm uses a combination of statistical and deterministic indicators which, first, enables identification of all existing functional links in the network and then, reconstructs the directed and causal connection diagram via a super-selective rule enabling highly accurate classification of direct, indirect and apparent links. Our method can be generally applied to the functional characterization of any in-vitro neuronal networks. Here, we show that, given its accuracy, it can offer important insights into the functional development of in-vitro iPSC-derived neuronal cultures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puppo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PrTh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.067124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-selective reconstruction of causal and direct connectivity with application to in-vitro iPSC neuronal networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.068544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determinants of Selective Fidelity in Diversity-Generating Retroelements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.068544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) vary protein sequences to the greatest extent known in the natural world. These elements are encoded by constituents of the human microbiome and the microbial  dark matter. Variation occurs through adenine-mutagenesis, in which genetic information in RNA is reverse transcribed faithfully to cDNA for all template bases but adenine. We investigated the determinants of adenine-mutagenesis in the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR through an in vitro system composed of the reverse transcriptase bRT, Avd protein, and a specific RNA. We found that the catalytic efficiency for correct incorporation during reverse transcription by the bRT-Avd complex was strikingly low for all template bases, with the lowest occurring for adenine. Misincorporation across a template adenine was only somewhat lower in efficiency than correct incorporation. We found that the C6, but not the N1 or C2, purine substituent was a key determinant of adenine-mutagenesis. bRT-Avd was insensitive to the C6 amine of adenine but recognized the C6 carbonyl of guanine. We also identified two bRT amino acids predicted to nonspecifically contact incoming dNTPs, R74 and I181, as promoters of adenine-mutagenesis. Our results suggest that the overall low catalytic efficiency of bRT-Avd is intimately tied to its ability to carry out adenine-mutagenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiryaman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.068544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determinants of Selective Fidelity in Diversity-Generating Retroelements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.069377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA Methylation Atlas of the Mouse Brain at Single-Cell Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.069377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian brain cells are remarkably diverse in gene expression, anatomy, and function, yet the regulatory DNA landscape underlying this extensive heterogeneity is poorly understood. We carried out a comprehensive assessment of the epigenomes of mouse brain cell types by applying single nucleus DNA methylation sequencing to profile 110,294 nuclei from 45 regions of the mouse cortex, hippocampus, striatum, pallidum, and olfactory areas. We identified 161 cell clusters with distinct spatial locations and projection targets. We constructed taxonomies of these epigenetic types, annotated with signature genes, regulatory elements, and transcription factors. These features indicate the potential regulatory landscape supporting the assignment of putative cell types, and reveal repetitive usage of regulators in excitatory and inhibitory cells for determining subtypes. The DNA methylation landscape of excitatory neurons in the cortex and hippocampus varied continuously along spatial gradients. Using this deep dataset, an artificial neural network model was constructed that precisely predicts single neuron cell-type identity and brain area spatial location. Integration of high-resolution DNA methylomes with single-nucleus chromatin accessibility data allowed prediction of high-confidence enhancer-gene interactions for all identified cell types, which were subsequently validated by cell-type-specific chromatin conformation capture experiments. By combining multi-omic datasets (DNA methylation, chromatin contacts, and open chromatin) from single nuclei and annotating the regulatory genome of hundreds of cell types in the mouse brain, our DNA methylation atlas establishes the epigenetic basis for neuronal diversity and spatial organization throughout the mouse brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clock, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggeman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.069377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA Methylation Atlas of the Mouse Brain at Single-Cell Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.070904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling the effect of nafcillin on HA-MRSA D592 using bacteriological and physiological media 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.070904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading human pathogen associated with both hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. The bacterium has steadily gained resistance to {beta}-lactams and other important first-line antibiotics culminating in its categorization as an urgent threat by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Observations of a varying response to antimicrobial exposure as a function of media type has revealed that clinical susceptibility testing performed in standard bacteriological media might not adequately represent pharmacological responses in the patient. Such observations have encouraged research designed to identify media types that more closely mimic the in vivo environment. In this study, we examine the response of a hospital-acquired USA100 lineage methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (MRSA/VISA) strain (D592) to nafcillin in a bacteriological compared to a more physiological tissue culture-based medium. We performed multi-dimensional analysis including growth and bacterial cytological profiling, RNA sequencing, and exo-metabolomics measurements (both HPLC and LC/MS) to shed light on the media-dependent activity of the commonly prescribed {beta}-lactam antibiotic nafcillin.



O_TBL View this table:
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@85b95borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14c1504org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f7e976org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@100598dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f770e9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_TBL C_TBL
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamsa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.070904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling the effect of nafcillin on HA-MRSA D592 using bacteriological and physiological media]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.053983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep Deficits and Cannabis Use Behaviors: An Analysis of Shared Genetics Using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Polygenic Risk Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.053983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Study ObjectivesEstimate the genetic relationship of cannabis use with sleep deficits and eveningness chronotype.

MethodsWe used linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to analyze genetic correlations between sleep deficits and cannabis use behaviors. Secondly, we generated sleep deficit polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and estimated their ability to predict cannabis use behaviors using logistic regression. Summary statistics came from existing genome wide association studies (GWASs) of European ancestry that were focused on sleep duration, insomnia, chronotype, lifetime cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder (CUD). A target sample for PRS prediction consisted of high-risk participants and participants from twin/family community-based studies (n = 796, male = 66%; mean age = 26.81). Target data consisted of self-reported sleep (sleep duration, feeling tired, and taking naps) and cannabis use behaviors (lifetime use, number of lifetime uses, past 180-day use, age of first use, and lifetime CUD symptoms).

ResultsSignificant genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and eveningness chronotype (rG = 0.24, p < 0.01), as well as between CUD and both short sleep duration (<7 h) (rG = 0.23, p = 0.02) and insomnia (rG = 0.20, p = 0.02). Insomnia PRS predicted earlier age of first cannabis use ({beta} = -0.09, p = 0.02) and increased lifetime CUD symptom count use ({beta} = 0.07, p = 0.03).

ConclusionCannabis use is genetically associated with both sleep deficits and an eveningness chronotype, suggesting that there are genes that predispose individuals to both cannabis use and sleep deficits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Winiger, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellingson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corley, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopfer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.02.053983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep Deficits and Cannabis Use Behaviors: An Analysis of Shared Genetics Using Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Polygenic Risk Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decomposition of transcriptional responses provides insights into differential antibiotic susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Responses of bacteria to antibiotic treatments depend on their environments. Differences between in vitro testing conditions and the physiological environments inside patients have resulted in poor antibiotic susceptibility predictions, contributing to treatment failures in the clinic. Here, we investigate how media composition affects antibiotic susceptibility in the laboratory strain E. coli K-12 MG1655, and contextualize these changes through machine learning of transcriptomics data. We show that complex transcriptional changes induced by different media or antibiotic treatment can be traced back to a few key regulators. Integration of results from machine learning with biochemical knowledge reveals fundamental shifts in respiration and iron availability that may explain media-dependent differential susceptibility to antibiotics. The data generation and analytical workflow used here can interrogate the regulatory state of a pathogen under any condition, and can be extended to additional strains and organisms for which data is available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.077271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decomposition of transcriptional responses provides insights into differential antibiotic susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemically-informed Analyses of Metabolomics Mass Spectrometry Data with Qemistree 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.077636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Untargeted mass spectrometry is employed to detect small molecules in complex biospecimens, generating data that are difficult to interpret. We developed Qemistree, a data exploration strategy based on hierarchical organization of molecular fingerprints predicted from fragmentation spectra, represented in the context of sample metadata and chemical ontologies. By expressing molecular relationships as a tree, we can apply ecological tools, designed around the relatedness of DNA sequences, to study chemical composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhrkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito-Nothias, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handelsman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NOTHIAS, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.077636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemically-informed Analyses of Metabolomics Mass Spectrometry Data with Qemistree]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many walking insects use vision for long-distance navigation, but the influence of vision in detecting close-range obstacles and directing the limbs to maintain stability remains largely untested. We compared Argentine ant workers in light versus darkness while traversing flat and uneven terrain. In darkness, ants reduced flat-ground walking speeds by only 5%. Similarly, neither the approach speed nor the time to cross a step obstacle was affected by lighting. To determine if tactile sensing might compensate for vision loss, we tracked antennal motion and observed shifts in spatiotemporal activity due to terrain structure but not illumination. Together, these findings suggest that vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ant workers. Our results help contextualize eye variation across ants, including subterranean, nocturnal, and eyeless species that walk in complete darkness. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of integrating vision, proprioception, and tactile sensing for robust locomotion in unstructured environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clifton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holway, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.079582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.079640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying the effect of vancomycin on HA-MRSA strains using bacteriological and physiological media 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.079640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) USA100 strains are of major concern due to their evolving antibiotic resistant. They are resistant to a broad class of antibiotics like macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and many more. The selection of appropriate antibiotic susceptibility examination media is very important. Thus, we use bacteriological (CA-MHB) as well as physiological (R10LB) media to determine the effect of vancomycin on USA100 strains. The study includes the profiling behaviour of HA-MRSA USA100 D592 and D712 strains in the presence of vancomycin through various high-throughput assays. The US100 D592 and D712 strains were characterized at sub-inhibitory concentrations through growth curves, RNA sequencing, bacterial cytological profiling, and exo-metabolomics high throughput experiments. The study reveals the vancomycin resistance behavior of USA100 strains in dual media conditions using wide-ranging experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamsa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.079640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying the effect of vancomycin on HA-MRSA strains using bacteriological and physiological media]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.081885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In situ detection of protein interactions for recombinant therapeutic enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.06.081885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite their therapeutic potential, many protein drugs remain inaccessible to patients since they are difficult to secrete. Each recombinant protein has unique physicochemical properties and requires different machinery for proper folding, assembly, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here we aimed to identify the machinery supporting recombinant protein secretion by measuring the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of four different recombinant proteins (SERPINA1, SERPINC1, SERPING1 and SeAP) with various PTMs and structural motifs using the proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) method. We identified PPIs associated with specific features of the secreted proteins using a Bayesian statistical model, and found proteins involved in protein folding, disulfide bond formation and N-glycosylation were positively correlated with the corresponding features of the four model proteins. Among others, oxidative folding enzymes showed the strongest association with disulfide bond formation, supporting their critical roles in proper folding and maintaining the ER stability. Knockdown of disulfide-isomerase PDIA4, a measured interactor with significance for SERPINC1 but not SERPINA1, led to the decreased secretion of SERPINC1, which relies on its extensive disulfide bonds, compared to SERPINA1, which has no disulfide bonds. Proximity-dependent labeling successfully identified the transient interactions supporting synthesis of secreted recombinant proteins and refined our understanding of key molecular mechanisms of the secretory pathway during recombinant protein production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samoudi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shams-Ud-Doha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinn, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen Bjorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa Campos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.081885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In situ detection of protein interactions for recombinant therapeutic enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.081604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A metabolic CRISPR-Cas9 screen in Chinese hamster ovary cells identifies glutamine-sensitive genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.081604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past decades, optimization of media formulation and feeding strategies have fueled a many-fold improvement in CHO-based biopharmaceutical production. While Design of Experiments (DOE) and media screens have led to many advances, genome editing offers another avenue for enhancing cell metabolism and bioproduction. However the complexity of metabolism, involving thousands of genes, makes it unclear which engineering strategies will result in desired traits. Here we developed a comprehensive pooled CRISPR screen for CHO cell metabolism, including [~]16,000 gRNAs against [~]2500 metabolic enzymes and regulators. We demonstrated the value of this screen by identifying a glutamine response network in CHO cells. Glutamine is particularly important since it is often substantially over-fed to drive increased TCA cycle flux but can lead to accumulation of toxic ammonia. Within the glutamine-response network, the deletion of a novel and poorly characterized lipase, Abhd11, was found to substantially increase growth in glutamine-free media by altering the regulation of the TCA cycle. Thus, the screen provides an invaluable targeted platform to comprehensively study genes involved in any metabolic trait.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karottki, K. J. l. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spahn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruckerbauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bort, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kildegaard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.07.081604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A metabolic CRISPR-Cas9 screen in Chinese hamster ovary cells identifies glutamine-sensitive genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.084376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comment on 'Initiation of chromosome replication controls both division and replication cycles in E. coli through a double-adder mechanism' 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.084376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Witz et al. recently performed single-cell mother machine experiments to track growth and the replication cycle in E. coli. They analyzed the correlation structure of selected parameters using both their data and published data, and concluded that E. coli cell-size control is implemented at replication initiation, which challenged the newly emerged division-centric mechanism of cell-size control in bacteria. We repeated Witz et al.s analysis, and performed additional experiments and analytical calculations. These results explain Witz et al.s observation and in fact support the division-centric model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le Treut, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.084376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comment on 'Initiation of chromosome replication controls both division and replication cycles in E. coli through a double-adder mechanism']]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.085191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computing temporal sequences associated with dynamic patterns on the C. elegans connectome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.08.085191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how the structural connectivity of a network constrains the dynamics it is able to support is a very active and open area of research. We simulated the plausible dynamics resulting from the known C. elegans connectome using a recent model and theoretical analysis that computes the dynamics of neurobiological networks by focusing on how local interactions among connected neurons give rise to the global dynamics in an emergent way, independent of the biophysical or molecular details of the cells themselves. We studied the dynamics which resulted from stimulating a chemosensory neuron (ASEL) in a known feeding circuit, both in isolation and embedded in the full connectome. We show that contralateral motor neuron activations in ventral (VB) and dorsal (DB) classes of motor neurons emerged from the simulations, which are qualitatively similar to rhythmic motor neuron firing pattern associated with locomotion of the worm. One interpretation of these results is that there is an inherent - and we propose - purposeful structural wiring to the C. elegans connectome that has evolved to serve specific behavioral functions. To study network signaling pathways responsible for the dynamics we developed an analytic framework that constructs Temporal Sequences (TSeq), time-ordered walks of signals on graphs. We found that only 5% of TSeq are preserved between the isolated feeding network relative to its embedded counterpart. The remaining 95% of signaling pathways computed in the isolated network are not present in the embedded network. This suggests a cautionary note for computational studies of isolated neurobiological circuits and networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>George, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puppo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.08.085191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computing temporal sequences associated with dynamic patterns on the C. elegans connectome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.087494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline mutagenesis of Nasonia vitripennis through ovarian delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.087494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is a powerful technology to study the genetics of rising model organisms, such as the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis. However, current methods involving embryonic microinjection of CRISPR reagents are challenging. Delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into female ovaries is an alternative that has only been explored in a small handful of insects, such as mosquitoes and whiteflies. Here, we developed a simple protocol for germline gene editing by injecting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein in adult N. vitripennis females using either ReMOT control (Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo) or BAPC (Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules) as ovary delivery methods. We demonstrate efficient delivery of protein cargo such as EGFP and Cas9 into developing oocytes via P2C peptide and BAPC. Additionally, somatic and germline gene editing have been demonstrated. This approach will greatly facilitate CRISPR-applied genetic manipulation in this and other rising model organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaverra-Rodriguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalla Benetta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heu, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasgon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferree, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.10.087494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline mutagenesis of Nasonia vitripennis through ovarian delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.087585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Atlas of Gene Regulatory Elements in Adult Mouse Cerebrum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.087585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian cerebrum performs high level sensory, motor control and cognitive functions through highly specialized cortical networks and subcortical nuclei. Recent surveys of mouse and human brains with single cell transcriptomics1-3 and high-throughput imaging technologies4,5 have uncovered hundreds of neuronal cell types and a variety of non-neuronal cell types distributed in different brain regions, but the cell-type-specific transcriptional regulatory programs responsible for the unique identity and function of each brain cell type have yet to be elucidated. Here, we probe the accessible chromatin in >800,000 individual nuclei from 45 regions spanning the adult mouse isocortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebral nuclei, and use the resulting data to define 491,818 candidate cis regulatory DNA elements in 160 distinct sub-types. We link a significant fraction of them to putative target genes expressed in diverse cerebral cell types and uncover transcriptional regulators involved in a broad spectrum of molecular and cellular pathways in different neuronal and glial cell populations. Our results provide a foundation for comprehensive analysis of gene regulatory programs of the mammalian brain and assist in the interpretation of non-coding risk variants associated with various neurological disease and traits in humans. To facilitate the dissemination of information, we have set up a web portal (http://catlas.org/mousebrain).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.10.087585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Atlas of Gene Regulatory Elements in Adult Mouse Cerebrum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.090688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoproteomics identifies microglial Siglec-F inflammatory response during neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.090688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is characterized by the appearance of amyloid-{beta} plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammation in brain regions involved in memory. Using mass spectrometry, we have quantified the phosphoproteome of the CK-p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models of neurodegeneration. We identified a shared response involving Siglec-F which was upregulated on a subset of reactive microglia. The human paralog Siglec-8 was also upregulated on microglia in AD. Siglec-F and Siglec-8 were upregulated following microglial activation with interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}) in BV-2 cell line and human stem-cell derived microglia models. Siglec-F overexpression activates an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response in BV-2 cells, dependent on its sialic acid substrates and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) phosphorylation sites. Related human Siglecs induced a similar response in BV-2 cells. Collectively, our results point to an important role for mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 in regulating microglial activation during neurodegeneration.

HighlightsO_LIPhosphoproteomics analysis of CK-p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models finds dysregulated signaling networks associated with Alzheimers disease pathologies.
C_LIO_LIA phosphorylation site on Siglec-F is found to be upregulated across all three models of disease.
C_LIO_LIExpression of Siglec-F and its human paralog Siglec-8 is increased in reactive microglia.
C_LIO_LIOverexpression of Siglec-F and Siglec-8 in vitro drives an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response.
C_LI

In BriefPhosphoproteome signaling changes associated with Alzheimers disease (AD) are poorly characterized. Here, Morshed et al. apply phosphoproteomics to mouse models of AD to uncover a novel microglial receptor, Siglec-F, that is upregulated on a subset of inflammatory microglia across models of neurodegeneration. The human paralog, Siglec-8 is also found to be upregulated in late-onset AD microglia. Overexpression of Siglec-F and related human Siglecs activates pro-inflammatory signaling responses in BV-2 cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morshed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralvenius, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akay, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joughin, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaRocque, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastroeni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.090688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoproteomics identifies microglial Siglec-F inflammatory response during neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.092254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin (CST) is a key mediator of the immunoendocrine regulation of cardiovascular function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.092254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypertension (HTN) is associated with inflammation and excessive production of catecholamines. Hypertensive patients have reduced plasma levels of Catestatin (CST), a bioactive cleavage product of the prohormone Chromogranin A (CgA). In mouse models, HTN symptoms can be reduced by administration of CST, but the role of CST in the regulation of cardiovascular function is unknown. In this study, we generated mice with knockout (KO) of the region of the CgA gene coding for CST (CST-KO) and found that CST-KO mice are not only hypertensive as predicted, but also display left ventricular hypertrophy, have marked macrophage infiltration of the heart and adrenal gland, and have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and catecholamines. Intraperitoneal injection with CST reversed these phenotypes, and ischemic pre-conditioning-induced cardioprotection was also abolished in CST-KO mice. Experiments with chlodronate depletion of macrophages and bone-marrow transfer showed that macrophages produce CST and that the anti-hypertensive effects of CST are mediated in part via CSTs immunosuppression of macrophages as a form of feedback inhibition. The data thus implicate CST as a key autocrine attenuator of the cardiac inflammation in HTN by reducing macrophage inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avolio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasqua, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.092254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin (CST) is a key mediator of the immunoendocrine regulation of cardiovascular function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.098798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and Dynamic Basis of Molecular Recognition between Acyltransferase and Carrier Protein in E. coli Fatty Acid Synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.098798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) iteratively elongate and often reduce two-carbon ketide units in de novo fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. Cycles of chain extensions in FAS and PKS are initiated by an acyltransferase (AT), which loads monomer units onto acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), small, flexible proteins that shuttle covalently linked intermediates between catalytic partners. Formation of productive ACP-AT interactions is required for catalysis and specificity within primary and secondary FAS and PKS pathways. Here, we use the Escherichia coli FAS AT, FabD, and its cognate ACP, AcpP, to interrogate type II FAS ACP-AT interactions. We utilize a covalent crosslinking probe to trap transient interactions between AcpP and FabD to elucidate the first x-ray crystal structure of a type II ACP-AT complex. Our structural data are supported using a combination of mutational, crosslinking, and kinetic analyses, and long timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Together, these complementary approaches reveal key catalytic features of FAS ACP-AT interactions. These mechanistic inferences suggest that AcpP adopts multiple, productive conformations at the AT binding interface, allowing the complex to sustain high transacylation rates. Furthermore, MD simulations support rigid body subdomain motions within the FabD structure that may play a key role in AT activity and substrate selectivity.

Significance StatementThe essential role of acyltransferases (ATs) in fatty acid synthase (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways, namely the selection and loading of starter and extender units onto acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), relies on catalytically productive ACP-AT interactions. Here, we describe and interrogate the first structure of a type II FAS malonyl-CoA:ACP-transacylase (MAT) in covalent complex with its cognate ACP. We combine structural, mutational, crosslinking and kinetic data with molecular dynamics simulations to describe a highly flexible and robust protein-protein interface, substrate-induced active site reorganization, and key subdomain motions that likely govern FAS function. These findings strengthen a mechanistic understanding of molecular recognitions between ACPs and partner enzymes and provide new insights for engineering AT-dependent biosynthetic pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Misson, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mindrebo, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.098798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and Dynamic Basis of Molecular Recognition between Acyltransferase and Carrier Protein in E. coli Fatty Acid Synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.17.100685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture and self-assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.17.100685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-2019 pandemic is the most severe acute public health threat of the twenty-first century. To properly address this crisis with both robust testing and novel treatments, we require a deep understanding of the life cycle of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Here, we examine the architecture and self-assembly properties of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, which packages viral RNA into new virions. We determined a 1.4 [A] resolution crystal structure of this proteins N2b domain, revealing a compact, intertwined dimer similar to that of related coronaviruses including SARS-CoV. While the N2b domain forms a dimer in solution, addition of the C-terminal spacer B/N3 domain mediates formation of a homotetramer. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we find evidence that at least part of this putatively disordered domain is structured, potentially forming an -helix that self-associates and cooperates with the N2b domain to mediate tetramer formation. Finally, we map the locations of amino acid substitutions in the N protein from over 38,000 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. We find that these substitutions are strongly clustered in the proteins N2a linker domain, and that substitutions within the N1b and N2b domains cluster away from their functional RNA binding and dimerization interfaces. Overall, this work reveals the architecture and self-assembly properties of a key protein in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, with implications for both drug design and antibody-based testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, A. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.17.100685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture and self-assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreatic progenitor epigenome maps prioritize type 2 diabetes risk genes with roles in development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk affect gene regulation in metabolically relevant tissues, such as pancreatic islets. Here, we investigated contributions of regulatory programs active during pancreatic development to T2D risk. Generation of chromatin maps from developmental precursors throughout pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) identifies enrichment of T2D variants in pancreatic progenitor-specific stretch enhancers that are not active in islets. Genes associated with progenitor-specific stretch enhancers are predicted to regulate developmental processes, most notably tissue morphogenesis. Through gene editing in hESCs, we demonstrate that progenitor-specific enhancers harboring T2D-associated variants regulate cell polarity genes LAMA1 and CRB2. Knockdown of lama1 or crb2 in zebrafish embryos causes a defect in pancreas morphogenesis and impairs islet cell development. Together, our findings reveal that a subset of T2D risk variants specifically affects pancreatic developmental programs, suggesting that dysregulation of developmental processes can predispose to T2D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geusz, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetton, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefalopoulou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, P. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.101071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreatic progenitor epigenome maps prioritize type 2 diabetes risk genes with roles in development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.104992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory evolution of multiple E. coli strains reveals unifying principles of adaptation but diversity in driving genotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.104992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fitness landscapes are a central concept in evolutionary biology and have been thoroughly detailed in terms of genotypes. However, our understanding of the selected metabolic and gene expression adaptations, and their dependence on genetic background, remains limited. Here, we reveal multi-scale adaptation principles in the E. coli species by taking multi-omics measurements of six different strains throughout their adaptive evolution to glucose minimal media. Statistics and matrix factorization is applied to yield four key results. First, analysis of the metabolic and physiological data shows evolutionary convergence in growth rate, glucose uptake rate, glycolytic ATP and NADH production but divergence in NADPH production strategies. Second, factorization-based analysis of the transcriptome revealed six conserved transcriptomic adaptations describing increased expression of ribosome and amino acid biosynthetic genes and decreased expression of stress response and structural genes. Third, correlation analysis identifies five tradeoffs underlying the transcriptomic profiles. Fourth, statistical tests leveraging ALE design identify four mutation-flux correlates and eight mutation-transcriptomic correlates that link mutations to systems level adaptation principles. Our total results reveal the dominant metabolic and regulatory constraints governing E. coli growth adaptation that either distinguish strains or are conserved principles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kavvas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoniewicz, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.104992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory evolution of multiple E. coli strains reveals unifying principles of adaptation but diversity in driving genotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.079152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Travelling spindles create necessary conditions for spike-timing-dependent plasticity in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.079152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep spindles facilitate memory consolidation in the cortex during mammalian non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In rodents, phase-locked firing during spindles may facilitate spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) by grouping pre- and post-synaptic cell firing within [~]25ms. Currently, microphysiological evidence in humans for conditions conducive for STDP during spindles is absent. We analyzed local field potentials and supragranular unit spiking during spindles from 10x10 arrays of microelectrodes at 400{micro}m pitch in humans. We found strong tonic and phase-locked increases in firing and co-firing within 25ms during spindles. Co-firing, spindle co-occurrence, and spindle coherence were greatest between sites within [~]2mm, and high co-firing of units on different electrodes was largely restricted to moments of high spindle coherence between those electrodes. Spindles propagated at [~]0.23m/s in distinct patterns, with correlated cell co-firing sequences. These results suggest that spindles may organize spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal co-firing which promote memory consolidation during NREM sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargsyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskandar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.079152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Travelling spindles create necessary conditions for spike-timing-dependent plasticity in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.108761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Confidence Sets for Standardized Effect Size Images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.108761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current statistical inference methods for task-fMRI suffer from two fundamental limitations. First, the focus is solely on detection of non-zero signal or signal change, a problem that is exasperated for large scale studies (e.g. UK Biobank, N = 40, 000+) where the  null hypothesis fallacy causes even trivial effects to be determined as significant. Second, for any sample size, widely used cluster inference methods only indicate regions where a null hypothesis can be rejected, without providing any notion of spatial uncertainty about the activation. In this work, we address these issues by developing spatial Confidence Sets (CSs) on clusters found in thresholded Cohens d effect size images. We produce an upper and lower CS to make confidence statements about brain regions where Cohens d effect sizes have exceeded and fallen short of a non-zero threshold, respectively. The CSs convey information about the magnitude and reliability of effect sizes that is usually given separately in a t-statistic and effect estimate map. We expand the theory developed in our previous work on CSs for %BOLD change effect maps (Bowring et al., 2019) using recent results from the bootstrapping literature. By assessing the empirical coverage with 2D and 3D Monte Carlo simulations resembling fMRI data, we find our method is accurate in sample sizes as low as N = 60. We compute Cohens d CSs for the Human Connectome Project working memory taskfMRI data, illustrating the brain regions with a reliable Cohens d response for a given threshold. By comparing the CSs with results obtained from a traditional statistical voxelwise inference, we highlight the improvement in activation localization that can be gained with the Confidence Sets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bowring, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telschow, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.108761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Confidence Sets for Standardized Effect Size Images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.109694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstruction of Fur pan-regulon uncovers the complexity and diversity of transcriptional regulation in E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.109694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulons for many transcription factors have been elucidated in model strains leading to an understanding of their role in producing physiological states. Comparative analysis of a regulon and its target genes between different strains of the same species is lacking. Ferric uptake regulator (Fur), involved in iron homeostasis, is one of the most conserved TFs, and is present in a wide range of bacteria. Using ChIP-exo experiments, we performed a comprehensive study of Fur binding sites in nine Escherichia coli strains with different lifestyles. 79 of the 431 target genes (18%) found belong to Fur core regulon, comprising genes involved in ion transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, and amino acid metabolism and transport. 179 of the target genes (42%) comprise the accessory regulon, most of which were related to cell wall structure and biogenesis, and virulence factor pathways. The remaining target genes (173 or 40%) were in the unique regulon, with gene functions that were largely unknown. Furthermore, deletion of the fur gene led to distinct phenotypes in growth, motility, antibiotic resistance, and the change of siderophore production. These results provide a more complete understanding of how Fur regulates a set of target genes with surprising variation in closely related bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.109694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstruction of Fur pan-regulon uncovers the complexity and diversity of transcriptional regulation in E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.110833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.110833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-quality and complete reference genome assemblies are fundamental for the application of genomics to biology, disease, and biodiversity conservation. However, such assemblies are only available for a few non-microbial species1-4. To address this issue, the international Genome 10K (G10K) consortium5,6 has worked over a five-year period to evaluate and develop cost-effective methods for assembling the most accurate and complete reference genomes to date. Here we summarize these developments, introduce a set of quality standards, and present lessons learned from sequencing and assembling 16 species representing major vertebrate lineages (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, teleost fishes and cartilaginous fishes). We confirm that long-read sequencing technologies are essential for maximizing genome quality and that unresolved complex repeats and haplotype heterozygosity are major sources of error in assemblies. Our new assemblies identify and correct substantial errors in some of the best historical reference genomes. Adopting these lessons, we have embarked on the Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP), an effort to generate high-quality, complete reference genomes for all ~70,000 extant vertebrate species and help enable a new era of discovery across the life sciences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedrigo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uliano-Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gedman, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantin, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibaud-Nissen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haggerty, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bista, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mountcastle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernes, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lama, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grutzner, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biegler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iorns, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Digby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eason, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kautt, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franchini, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detrich, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svardal, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naylor, G. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pippel, M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.110833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.111468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Explication of CB1 receptor contributions to the hypothermic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) when delivered by vapor inhalation or parenteral injection in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.111468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by inhalation using e-cigarette technology grows increasingly popular for medical and recreational purposes. This has led to development of e-cigarette based techniques to study the delivery of THC by inhalation in laboratory rodents. Inhaled THC reliably produces hypothermic and antinociceptive effects in rats, similar to effects of parenteral injection of THC. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which the hypothermic response depends on interactions with the CB1 receptor, using pharmacological antagonist (SR141716, AM-251) approaches. Groups of rats were implanted with radiotelemetry devices capable of reporting activity and body temperature, which were assessed after THC inhalation or injection. SR141716 (4 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked or attenuated antinociceptive effects of acute THC inhalation in male and female rats. SR141716 was unable to block the initial hypothermia caused by THC inhalation, but temperature was restored to normal more quickly. Alterations in antagonist pre-treatment time, dose and the use of a rat strain with less sensitivity to THC-induced hypothermia did not change this pattern. Pre-treatment with SR141716 (4 mg/kg, i.p.) blocked hypothermia induced by i.v. THC and reversed hypothermia when administered 45 or 90 minutes after THC (i.p.). SR141716 and AM-251 (4 mg/kg, i.p.) sped recovery from, but did not block, hypothermia caused by vapor THC in female rats made tolerant by prior repeated THC vapor inhalation. The CB2 antagonist AM-630, had no effect. These results suggest that hypothermia consequent to THC inhalation is induced by other mechanisms in addition to CB1 receptor activation.Competing Interest StatementAuthor SAV has consulted for La Jolla Alcohol Research, Inc., the vendor that supplies our vapor inhalation equipment.AbbreviationsPGpropylene glycol;SR141716 (SR)5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide;AM-251N-(Piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide;AM-6306-Iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone;THCΔ9-tetrahydrocannabinol;View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandewater, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.111468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Explication of CB1 receptor contributions to the hypothermic effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) when delivered by vapor inhalation or parenteral injection in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.23.112623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autism genetics perturb prenatal neurodevelopment through a hierarchy of broadly-expressed and brain-specific genes 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.23.112623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous genes are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, it remains unclear how most ASD risk genes influence neurodevelopment and result in similar traits. Recent genetic models of complex traits suggest non-tissue-specific genes converge on core disease genes; so we analyzed ASD genetics in this context. We found ASD risk genes partition cleanly into broadly-expressed and brain-specific genes. The two groups show sequential roles during neurodevelopment with broadly-expressed genes modulating chromatin remodeling, proliferation, and cell fate, while brain-specific risk genes are involved in neural maturation and synapse functioning. Broadly-expressed risk genes converge onto brain-specific risk genes and core neurodevelopmental genes through regulatory networks including PI3K/AKT, RAS/ERK, and WNT/{beta}-catenin signaling pathways. Broadly-expressed and brain-specific risk genes show unique properties, wherein the broadly-expressed risk gene network is expressed prenatally and conserved in non-neuronal cells like microglia. However, the brain-specific gene network expression is limited to excitatory and inhibitory neurons, spanning prenatal to adulthood. Furthermore, the two groups are linked differently to comorbidities associated with ASD. Collectively, we describe here the organization of the genetic architecture of ASD as a hierarchy of broadly-expressed and brain-specific genes that disrupt successive stages of core neurodevelopmental processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gazestani, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.23.112623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autism genetics perturb prenatal neurodevelopment through a hierarchy of broadly-expressed and brain-specific genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.113001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence and Propagation of Epistasis in Metabolic Networks 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.113001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epistasis is often used to probe functional relationships between genes, and it plays an important role in evolution. However, we lack theory to understand how functional relationships at the molecular level translate into epistasis at the level of whole-organism phenotypes, such as fitness. Here, I derive two rules for how epistasis between mutations with small effects propagates from lower-to higher-level phenotypes in a hierarchical metabolic network with first-order kinetics and how such epistasis depends on topology. Most importantly, weak epistasis at a lower level may be distorted as it propagates to higher levels. Computational analyses show that epistasis in more realistic models likely follows similar, albeit more complex, patterns. These results suggest that pairwise inter-gene epistasis should be common and it should generically depend on the genetic background and environment. Furthermore, the epistasis coefficients measured for high-level phenotypes may not be sufficient to fully infer the underlying functional relationships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.24.113001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence and Propagation of Epistasis in Metabolic Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.114082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variable Number Tandem Repeats mediate the expression of proximal genes 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.114082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) account for a significant amount of human genetic variation. VNTRs have been implicated in both Mendelian and Complex disorders, but are largely ignored by whole genome analysis pipelines due to the complexity of genotyping and the computational expense. We describe adVNTR-NN, a method that uses shallow neural networks for fast read recruitment. On 55X whole genome data, adVNTR-NN genotyped each VNTR in less than 18 cpu-seconds, while maintaining 100% accuracy on 76% of VNTRs.

We used adVNTR-NN to genotype 10,264 VNTRs in 652 individuals from the GTEx project and associated VNTR length with gene expression in 46 tissues. We identified 163  eVNTR loci that were significantly associated with gene expression. Of the 22 eVNTRs in blood where independent data was available, 21 (95%) were replicated in terms of significance and direction of association. 49% of the eVNTR loci showed a strong and likely causal impact on the expression of genes and 80% had maximum effect size at least 0.3. The impacted genes have important role in complex phenotypes including Alzheimers, obesity and familial cancers. Our results point to the importance of studying VNTRs for understanding the genetic basis of complex diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bakhtiari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shleizer-Burko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhausen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halldorsson, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefansson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.114082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variable Number Tandem Repeats mediate the expression of proximal genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.115378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal timescales are functionally dynamic and shaped by cortical microarchitecture 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.115378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex cognitive functions such as working memory and decision-making require information maintenance over many timescales, from transient sensory stimuli to long-term contextual cues. While theoretical accounts predict the emergence of a corresponding hierarchy of neuronal timescales, direct electrophysiological evidence across the human cortex is lacking. Here, we infer neuronal timescales from invasive intracranial recordings. Timescales increase along the principal sensorimotor-to-association axis across the entire human cortex, and scale with single-unit timescales within macaques. Cortex-wide transcriptomic analysis shows direct alignment between timescales and expression of excitation- and inhibition-related genes, as well as genes specific to voltage-gated transmembrane ion transporters. Finally, neuronal timescales are functionally dynamic: prefrontal cortex timescales expand during working memory maintenance and predict individual performance, while cortex-wide timescales compress with aging. Thus, neuronal timescales follow cytoarchitectonic gradients across the human cortex, and are relevant for cognition in both short- and long-terms, bridging microcircuit physiology with macroscale dynamics and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Brink, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeffer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.115378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal timescales are functionally dynamic and shaped by cortical microarchitecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.119784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional reconstitution of a bacterial CO2 concentrating mechanism in E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.119784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many photosynthetic organisms employ a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) to increase the rate of CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle. CCMs catalyze ≈50% of global photosynthesis, yet it remains unclear which genes and proteins are required to produce this complex adaptation. We describe the construction of a functional CCM in a non-native host, achieved by expressing genes from an autotrophic bacterium in an engineered E. coli strain. Expression of 20 CCM genes enabled E. coli to grow by fixing CO2 from ambient air into biomass, with growth depending on CCM components. Bacterial CCMs are therefore genetically compact and readily transplanted, rationalizing their presence in diverse bacteria. Reconstitution enabled genetic experiments refining our understanding of the CCM, thereby laying the groundwork for deeper study and engineering of the cell biology supporting CO2 assimilation in diverse organisms.One Sentence Summary A bacterial CO2 concentrating mechanism enables E. coli to fix CO2 from ambient air.Competing Interest StatementD.F.S. is a co-founder of Scribe Therapeutics and a scientific advisory board member of Scribe Therapeutics and Mammoth Biosciences. A.B.-E. is co-founder of b.fab. These companies were not involved in this research in any way. All other authors declare no competing interests.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flamholz, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blikstad, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleizer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Nissan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonovsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravishankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bar-Even, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.119784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional reconstitution of a bacterial CO2 concentrating mechanism in E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.126623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A consensus-based and readable extension of Linear Code for Reaction Rules (LiCoRR) 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.126623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systems glycobiology aims to provide models and analysis tools that account for the biosynthesis, regulation, and interactions with glycoconjugates. To facilitate these methods, there is a need for a clear glycan representation accessible to both computers and humans. Linear Code, a linearized and readily parsable glycan structure representation, is such a language. For this reason, Linear Code was adapted to represent reaction rules, but the syntax has drifted from its original description to accommodate new and originally unforeseen challenges. Here, we delineate the consensuses and inconsistencies that have arisen through this adaptation. We recommend options for a consensus-based extension of Linear Code that can be used for reaction rule specification going forward. Through this extension and specification of Linear Code to reaction rules, we aim to minimize inconsistent symbology thereby making glycan database queries easier. With a clear guide for generating reaction rule descriptions, glycan synthesis models will be more interoperable and reproducible thereby moving glycoinformatics closer to compliance with FAIR standards. Reaction rule-extended Linear Code is an unambiguous representation for describing glycosylation reactions in both literature and code.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logomasini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhardt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LIang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akases, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sogabe, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuoka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neelamegham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krambeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki-Kinoshita, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.31.126623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A consensus-based and readable extension of Linear Code for Reaction Rules (LiCoRR)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.127092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep sncRNA-seq of the PPMI cohort to study Parkinson's disease progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.127092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coding and non-coding RNAs have diagnostic and prognostic importance in Parkinsons diseases (PD). We studied circulating small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in 7, 003 samples from two longitudinal PD cohorts (Parkinsons Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) and Luxembourg Parkinsons Study (NCER-PD)) and modelled their influence on the transcriptome. First, we sequenced sncRNAs in 5, 450 blood samples of 1, 614 individuals in PPMI. The majority of 323 billion reads (59 million reads per sample) mapped to miRNAs. Other covered RNA classes include piRNAs, rRNAs, snoRNAs, tRNAs, scaRNAs, and snRNAs. De-regulated miRNAs were associated with the disease and disease progression and occur in two distinct waves in the third and seventh decade of live. Originating mostly from a characteristic set of immune cells they resemble a systemic inflammation response and mitochondrial dysfunction, two hallmarks of PD. By profiling 1, 553 samples from 1, 024 individuals in the NCER-PD cohort using an independent technology, we validate relevant findings from the sequencing study. Finally, network analysis of sncRNAs and transcriptome sequencing of the original cohort identified regulatory modules emerging in progressing PD patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kern, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehlmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Violich, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsop, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grammes, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimaraes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Backes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poston, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balling, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geffers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galasko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollenhauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meese, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Keuren-Jensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.01.127092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep sncRNA-seq of the PPMI cohort to study Parkinson's disease progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.130740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionarily related small viral fusogens hijack distinct but modular actin nucleation pathways to drive cell-cell fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.130740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins are a diverse family of non-structural viral proteins that, once expressed on the plasma membrane of infected cells, drive fusion with neighboring cells, increasing viral spread and pathogenicity. Unlike viral fusogens with tall ectodomains that pull two membranes together through conformational changes, FAST proteins have short fusogenic ectodomains that cannot bridge the inter-membrane gap between neighboring cells. One orthoreovirus FAST protein, p14, has been shown to hijack the actin cytoskeleton to drive cell-cell fusion, but the actin adaptor-binding motif identified in p14 is not found in any other FAST protein. Here, we report that an evolutionarily divergent FAST protein, p22 from aquareovirus, also hijacks the actin cytoskeleton but does so through different adaptor proteins, Intersectin-1 and Cdc42, that trigger N-WASP-mediated branched actin assembly. We show that despite using different pathways, the cytoplasmic tails of p22 and p14 can be exchanging to create a potent chimeric fusogen, suggesting they are modular and play similar functional roles. When we replace p22s branched actin nucleator, N-WASP, with the parallel filament nucleator, formin, its ability to drive fusion is maintained, indicating that localized mechanical pressure on the plasma membrane coupled to a membrane-disruptive ectodomain is sufficient to drive cell-cell fusion. This work points to a common biophysical strategy used by FAST proteins to push rather than pull membranes together to drive fusion, one that may be harnessed by other short fusogens responsible for physiological cell-cell fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlesinger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drubin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletcher, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.03.130740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionarily related small viral fusogens hijack distinct but modular actin nucleation pathways to drive cell-cell fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.138933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental conditions dictate differential evolution of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.07.138933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While microbiological resistance to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus is rare, clinical vancomycin treatment failures are common, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from patients after prolonged vancomycin treatment failure remain susceptible. Adaptive laboratory evolution was utilized to uncover mutational mechanisms associated with MRSA vancomycin resistance in a bacteriological medium used in clinical susceptibility testing and a physiological medium. Sequencing of resistant clones revealed shared and media-specific mutational outcomes, with an overlap in cell wall regulons (walKRyycHI, vraSRT). Evolved strains displayed similar genetic and phenotypic traits to resistant clinical isolates. Importantly, resistant phenotypes that developed in physiological media did not translate into resistance in bacteriological media. Further, a bacteriological media-specific mechanism for vancomycin resistance enabled by a mutated mprF was confirmed. This study bridges the gap of understanding between clinical and microbiological vancomycin resistance in S. aureus and expands the number of allelic variants that result in vancomycin resistance phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Machado, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakoulas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.07.138933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental conditions dictate differential evolution of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.147033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Outcomes of the 2019 EMDataResource model challenge: validation of cryo-EM models at near-atomic resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.147033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper describes outcomes of the 2019 Cryo-EM Map-based Model Metrics Challenge sponsored by EMDataResource (www.emdataresource.org). The goals of this challenge were (1) to assess the quality of models that can be produced using current modeling software, (2) to check the reproducibility of modeling results from different software developers and users, and (3) compare the performance of current metrics used for evaluation of models. The focus was on near-atomic resolution maps with an innovative twist: three of four target maps formed a resolution series (1.8 to 3.1 [A]) from the same specimen and imaging experiment. Tools developed in previous challenges were expanded for managing, visualizing and analyzing the 63 submitted coordinate models, and several novel metrics were introduced. The results permit specific recommendations to be made about validating near-atomic cryo-EM structures both in the context of individual laboratory experiments and holdings of structure data archives such as the Protein Data Bank. Our findings demonstrate the relatively high accuracy and reproducibility of cryo-EM models derived from these benchmark maps by 13 participating teams, representing both widely used and novel modeling approaches. We also evaluate the pros and cons of the commonly used metrics to assess model quality and recommend the adoption of multiple scoring parameters to provide full and objective annotation and assessment of the model, reflective of the observed density in the cryo-EM map.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawson, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryshtafovych, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afonine, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barad, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bond, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chojnowski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowtan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dill, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiMaio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoh, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igaev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kihara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monastyrskyy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patwardhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pintilie, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, L. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shekhar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singharoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terashi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terwilliger, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaiana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.147033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Outcomes of the 2019 EMDataResource model challenge: validation of cryo-EM models at near-atomic resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipose tissue macrophages orchestrate β cell adaptation in obesity through secreting miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity induces an adaptive expansion of β cell mass and insulin secretion abnormality. Here, we explore a novel role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mediating obesity-induced β cell function and proliferation through releasing miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs). ATM EVs derived from obese mice notably suppress insulin secretion in both in vivo and in vitro experiments, whereas there are more proliferating β cells in the islets treated with obese ATM EVs. Depletion of miRNAs blunts the ability of obese ATM EVs to regulate β cell responses. miR-155, a highly enriched miRNA within obese ATM EVs, exerts profound regulation on β cell functions, as evidenced by impaired insulin secretion and increased β cell proliferation after miR-155 overexpression in β cells. By contrast, knockout of miR-155 can attenuate the regulation of obese ATM EVs on β cell responses. We further demonstrate that the miR-155-Mafb axis plays a critical role in controlling β cell responses. Taken together, these studies show a novel mechanism by which ATM-derived EVs act as endocrine cargoes delivering miRNAs and subsequently mediating β cell adaptation and functional dysfunction in obesity.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipose tissue macrophages orchestrate β cell adaptation in obesity through secreting miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.151555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding of persistent multiscale structures in complex biological networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.151555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In any  omics study, the scale of analysis can dramatically affect the outcome. For instance, when clustering single-cell transcriptomes, is the analysis tuned to discover broad or specific cell types? Likewise, protein communities revealed from protein networks can vary widely in sizes depending on the method. Here we use the concept of "persistent homology", drawn from mathematical topology, to identify robust structures in data at all scales simultaneously. Application to mouse single-cell transcriptomes significantly expands the catalog of identified cell types, while analysis of SARS-COV-2 protein interactions suggests hijacking of WNT. The method, HiDeF, is available via Python and Cytoscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.151555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding of persistent multiscale structures in complex biological networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.154765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning Models Identify Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.154765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there is an urgent need for the discovery of a treatment for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Drug repurposing is one of the most rapid strategies for addressing this need and numerous compounds have been selected for in vitro testing by several groups already. These have led to a growing database of molecules with in vitro activity against the virus. Machine learning models can assist drug discovery through prediction of the best compounds based on previously published data. Herein we have implemented several machine learning methods to develop predictive models from recent SARS-CoV-2 in vitro inhibition data and used them to prioritize additional FDA approved compounds for in vitro testing selected from our in-house compound library. From the compounds predicted with a Bayesian machine learning model, CPI1062 and CPI1155 showed antiviral activity in HeLa-ACE2 cell-based assays and represent potential repurposing opportunities for COVID-19. This approach can be greatly expanded to exhaustively virtually screen available molecules with predicted activity against this virus as well as a prioritization tool for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug discovery programs. The very latest model for SARS-CoV-2 is available at www.assaycentral.org.Competing Interest StatementSE is CEO and owner of Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc. DHF, KMZ, TRL, AP are employees of Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gawriljuk, V. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyaw Zin, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foil, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricketts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puhl, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorn, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madrid, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.154765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning Models Identify Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.17.158394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural mimicry confers robustness in the cyanobacterial circadian clock 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.17.158394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The histidine kinase SasA enhances robustness of circadian rhythms in the cyanobacterium S. elongatus by temporally controlling expression of the core clock components, kaiB and kaiC. Here we show that SasA also engages directly with KaiB and KaiC proteins to regulate the period and enhance robustness of the reconstituted circadian oscillator in vitro, particularly under limiting concentrations of KaiB. In contrast to its role regulating gene expression, oscillator function does not require SasA kinase activity; rather, SasA uses structural mimicry to cooperatively recruit the rare, fold-switched conformation of KaiB to the KaiC hexamer to form the nighttime repressive complex. Cooperativity gives way to competition with increasing concentrations of SasA to define a dynamic window by which SasA directly modulates clock robustness.

One Sentence SummarySasA controls the assembly of clock protein complexes through a balance of cooperative and competitive interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heisler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palacios, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sancar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spangler, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagshaw, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosby, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partch, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LiWang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.17.158394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural mimicry confers robustness in the cyanobacterial circadian clock]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.158576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of an intact clock that generates circadian DNA binding in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.158576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian clocks control gene expression in the complex milieu of cells. Here, we reconstituted under defined conditions in vitro the cyanobacterial circadian clock system which includes an oscillator, signal-transduction pathways, transcription factor, and promoter DNA. The system oscillates autonomously with a near 24 h period, remains phase coherent for many days, and allows real-time observation of each component simultaneously without user intervention. This reassembled clock system provides new insights into how a circadian clock exerts control over gene expression and can serve in the area of synthetic biology as a new platform upon which to build even more complexity.

One Sentence SummaryAn autonomously oscillating circadian clock-controlled gene regulatory circuit is studied in vitro using a real-time high-throughput assay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chavan, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sancar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partch, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LiWang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.158576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of an intact clock that generates circadian DNA binding in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.163162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Using ViReport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.163162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Given the current lack of treatments or vaccines available, it may be useful to trace the evolu-tion and spread of the virus to better develop methods of preventative intervention. In this study, we analyzed over 4,000 full genome sequences of human SARS-CoV-2 using novel tool ViReport [13], an automated workflow for performing phylogenetic analyses on viral sequences and generating comprehensive molecular epidemiologi-cal reports. The complete ViReport output can be found at https://github.com/mirandajsong/ViReport-SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.20.163162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Using ViReport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.164640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoproteomics after nitrate treatments reveal an important role for PIN2 phosphorylation in control of root system architecture. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.164640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nitrate is an important signaling molecule that commands genome-wide gene expression changes that impact metabolism, physiology, plant growth and development. Although gene expression responses to nitrate at the mRNA level have been characterized in great detail, the impact of nitrate signaling at the proteome level has been much less explored. Most signaling pathways involve post-translational modifications of key protein factors and chiefly among these modifications is protein phosphorylation. In an effort to identify new components involved in nitrate responses in plants, we performed analyses of the Arabidopsis thaliana root phosphoproteome in response to nitrate treatments via liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 268 phosphoproteins that show significant changes at 5 min or 20 min after nitrate treatments. The large majority of these proteins (96%) are coded by genes that are not modulated at the expression level in response to nitrate treatments in publicly available transcriptome data. Proteins identified by 5 min include potential signaling-components such as kinases or transcription factors. In contrast, by 20 min, proteins identified were associated with protein binding, transporter activity or hormone metabolism functions. Interestingly, the phosphorylation profile of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1 (NRT1.1) mutant plants in response to nitrate at 5 min was significantly different (95%) as compared to wild-type plants. This result is consistent with the role of NRT1.1 as a key component of a nitrate signaling pathway that involves phosphoproteomic changes. Our integrative bioinformatics analysis highlights auxin transport as an important mechanism modulated by nitrate signaling at the post-translational level. We experimentally validated the role of PIN2 phosphorylation in both primary and lateral root growth responses to nitrate. Our data provide new insights into the phosphoproteome and identifies novel protein components that are regulated post-translationally, such as PIN2, in nitrate responses in Arabidopsis thaliana roots.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fredes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otvos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.164640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoproteomics after nitrate treatments reveal an important role for PIN2 phosphorylation in control of root system architecture.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.162792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ReCodLiver0.9: Overcoming challenges in genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of a non-model species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.162792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The availability of genome sequences, annotations and knowledge of the biochemistry underlying metabolic transformations has led to the generation of metabolic network reconstructions for a wide range of organisms in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. When modeled using mathematical representations, a reconstruction can simulate underlying genotype-phenotype relationships. Accordingly, genome-scale models (GEMs) can be used to predict the response of organisms to genetic and environmental variations. A bottom-up reconstruction procedure typically starts by generating a draft model from existing annotation data on a target organism. For model species, this part of the process can be straightforward, due to the abundant organism-specific biochemical data. However, the process becomes complicated for non-model less-annotated species. In this paper, we present a draft liver reconstruction, ReCodLiver0.9, of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a non-model teleost fish, as a practicable guide for cases with comparably few resources. Although the reconstruction is considered a draft version, we show that it already has utility in elucidating metabolic response mechanisms to environmental toxicants by mapping gene expression data of exposure experiments to the resulting model.Author summary Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are constructed based upon reconstructed networks that are carried out by an organism. The underlying biochemical knowledge in such networks can be transformed into mathematical models that could serve as a platform to answer biological questions. The availability of high-throughput biological data, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data, supports the generation of such models for a large number of organisms. Nevertheless, challenges arise for non-model species which are typically less annotated. In this paper, we discuss these challenges and possible solutions in the context of generation of a draft liver reconstruction of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). We also show how experimental data, here gene expression data, can be mapped to the resulting model to understand the metabolic response of cod liver to environmental toxicants.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanna, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eide, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallahi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furmanek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadetie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goksoyr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonassen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.162792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ReCodLiver0.9: Overcoming challenges in genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of a non-model species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.168344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidation of regulatory modes for five two-component systems in Escherichia coli reveals novel relationships 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.168344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Escherichia coli uses two-component systems (TCSs) to respond to environmental signals. TCSs affect gene expression and are parts of E. coli’s global transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). Here, we identified the regulons of five TCSs in E. coli MG1655: BaeSR and CpxAR, which were stimulated by ethanol stress; KdpDE and PhoRB, induced by limiting potassium and phosphate, respectively; and ZraSR, stimulated by zinc. We analyzed RNA-seq data using independent component analysis (ICA). ChIP-exo data was used to validate condition-specific target gene binding sites. Based on this data we (1) identify the target genes for each TCS; (2) show how the target genes are transcribed in response to stimulus; and (3) reveal novel relationships between TCSs, which indicate non-cognate inducers for various response regulators, such as BaeR to iron starvation, CpxR to phosphate limitation, and PhoB and ZraR to cell envelope stress. Our understanding of the TRN in E. coli is thus notably expanded.Importance E. coli is a common commensal microbe found in human gut microenvironment; however, some strains cause diseases like diarrhea, urinary tract infections and meningitis. E. coli’s two-component system (TCS) modulates target gene expression, specially related to virulence, pathogenesis and anti-microbial peptides, in response to environmental stimuli. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the transcriptional regulation of the TCSs to infer its environmental adaptation and disease pathogenicity. Utilizing a combinatorial approach integrating RNAseq, independent component analysis, ChIP-exo and data mining, we show that TCSs have five different modes of transcriptional regulation. Our data further highlights non-cognate inducers of TCSs emphasizing cross-regulatory nature of TCSs in E. coli and suggests that TCSs may have a role beyond their cognate functionalities. In summary, these results when further incorporated with genome scale metabolic models can lead to understanding of metabolic capabilities of bacteria and correctly predict complex phenotype under diverse conditions.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinmanns, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.168344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidation of regulatory modes for five two-component systems in Escherichia coli reveals novel relationships]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.169938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic evaluation of parameterization for genome-scale metabolic models of cultured mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.169938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale metabolic models describe cellular metabolism with mechanistic detail. Given their high complexity, such models need to be parameterized correctly to yield accurate predictions and avoid overfitting. Effective parameterization has been well-studied for microbial models, but it remains unclear for higher eukaryotes, including mammalian cells. To address this, we enumerated model parameters that describe key features of cultured mammalian cells - including cellular composition, bioprocess performance metrics, mammalian-specific pathways, and biological assumptions behind model formulation approaches. We tested these parameters by building thousands of metabolic models and evaluating their ability to predict the growth rates of a panel of phenotypically diverse Chinese Hamster Ovary cell clones. We found the following considerations to be most critical for accurate parameterization: (1) cells limit metabolic activity to maintain homeostasis, (2) cell morphology and viability change dynamically during a growth curve, and (3) cellular biomass has a particular macromolecular composition. Depending on parameterization, models predicted different metabolic phenotypes, including contrasting mechanisms of nutrient utilization and energy generation, leading to varying accuracies of growth rate predictions. Notably, accurate parameter values broadly agreed with experimental measurements. These insights will guide future investigations of mammalian metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schinn, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.24.169938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation of parameterization for genome-scale metabolic models of cultured mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.172403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Virus-Receptor Interactions of Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.172403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus, which utilizes its highly glycosylated trimeric Spike protein to bind to the cell surface receptor ACE2 glycoprotein and facilitate host cell entry. We utilized glycomics-informed glycoproteomics to characterize site-specific microheterogeneity of glycosylation for a recombinant trimer Spike mimetic immunogen and for a soluble version of human ACE2. We combined this information with bioinformatic analyses of natural variants and with existing 3D-structures of both glycoproteins to generate molecular dynamics simulations of each glycoprotein alone and interacting with one another. Our results highlight roles for glycans in sterically masking polypeptide epitopes and directly modulating Spike-ACE2 interactions. Furthermore, our results illustrate the impact of viral evolution and divergence on Spike glycosylation, as well as the influence of natural variants on ACE2 receptor glycosylation that, taken together, can facilitate immunogen design to achieve antibody neutralization and inform therapeutic strategies to inhibit viral infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Praissman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbalm, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barouch, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brindley, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.172403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Virus-Receptor Interactions of Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.181164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue specific muscle extracellular matrix hydrogel improves skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo over non-matched tissue source 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.181164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels present a novel, clinical intervention for a myriad of regenerative medicine applications. The source of ECM is typically the same tissue to which the treatment is applied; however, the need for tissue specific ECM sources has not been rigorously studied. We hypothesized that tissue specific ECM would improve regeneration through preferentially stimulating physiologically relevant processes (e.g. progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation). One of two decellularized hydrogels (tissue specific skeletal muscle or non mesoderm-derived lung) or saline were injected intramuscularly two days after notexin injection in mice (n=7 per time point) and muscle was harvested at days 5 and 14 for histological and gene expression analysis. Both injectable hydrogels were decellularized using the same detergent and were controlled for donor characteristics (i.e. species, age). At day 5, the skeletal muscle ECM hydrogel significantly increased the density of Pax7+ satellite cells in the muscle. Gene expression analysis at day 5 showed that skeletal muscle ECM hydrogels increased expression of genes implicated in muscle contractility. By day 14, skeletal muscle ECM hydrogels improved muscle regeneration over saline and lung ECM hydrogels as shown through a shift in fiber cross sectional area distribution towards larger fibers. This data indicates a potential role for muscle-specific regenerative capacity of decellularized, injectable muscle hydrogels. Further transcriptomic analysis of whole muscle mRNA indicates the mechanism of tissue specific ECM-mediated tissue repair may be immune and metabolism pathway-driven. Taken together, this suggests there is benefit in using tissue specific ECM for regenerative medicine applications.Competing Interest StatementKLC is co-founder, board member, consultant, receives income, and has equity interest in Ventrix, Inc.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ungerleider, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzieciatkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.181164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue specific muscle extracellular matrix hydrogel improves skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo over non-matched tissue source]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.183459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-Fast Homomorphic Encryption Models enable Secure Outsourcing of Genotype Imputation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.183459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTGenotype imputation is a fundamental step in genomic data analysis such as GWAS, where missing variant genotypes are predicted using the existing genotypes of nearby ‘tag’ variants. Imputation greatly decreases the genotyping cost and provides high-quality estimates of common variant genotypes. As population panels increase, e.g., the TOPMED Project, genotype imputation is becoming more accurate, but it requires high computational power. Although researchers can outsource genotype imputation, privacy concerns may prohibit genetic data sharing with an untrusted imputation service. To address this problem, we developed the first fully secure genotype imputation by utilizing ultra-fast homomorphic encryption (HE) techniques that can evaluate millions of imputation models in seconds. In HE-based methods, the genotype data is end-to-end encrypted, i.e., encrypted in transit, at rest, and, most importantly, in analysis, and can be decrypted only by the data owner. We compared secure imputation with three other state-of-the-art non-secure methods under different settings. We found that HE-based methods provide full genetic data security with comparable or slightly lower accuracy. In addition, HE-based methods have time and memory requirements that are comparable and even lower than the non-secure methods. We provide five different implementations and workflows that make use of three cutting-edge HE schemes (BFV, CKKS, TFHE) developed by the top contestants of the iDASH19 Genome Privacy Challenge. Our results provide strong evidence that HE-based methods can practically perform resource-intensive computations for high throughput genetic data analysis. In addition, the publicly available codebases provide a reference for the development of secure genomic data analysis methods.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmanci, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossuat, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheon, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilotti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froelicher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgieva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubaux, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohno-Machado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofia, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troncoso-Pastoriza, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.183459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-Fast Homomorphic Encryption Models enable Secure Outsourcing of Genotype Imputation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.186148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alcohol Dependence Differentially Alters Orbitofrontal Cortex Representations of Inferred Decision-Making and Outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.03.186148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alcohol dependence results in long-lasting deficits in decision-making and behavioral control. Neurobiological investigations have identified orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as important for value contributions to decision-making as well as action control, and alcohol dependence induces long-lasting changes to OFC function that persist into protracted withdrawal. However, it is unclear which contributing OFC computations are disrupted in alcohol dependence. Here, we combined a well-validated mouse model of alcohol dependence with in vivo extracellular recordings during an instrumental task in which lever press duration serves as the contingency, and lever pressing is sensitive to outcome devaluation. We found prior alcohol dependence did not impair use of duration contingency control but did reduce sensitivity to outcome devaluation. Further, alcohol dependence increased OFC activity associated with lever-pressing but decreased OFC activity during outcome-related epochs. Hence, alcohol dependence induces a long-lasting disruption to OFC function such that activity associated with actions is enhanced, but OFC activity in relation to outcomes is diminished. This has important implications for hypotheses regarding compulsive and habitual phenotypes observed in addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gremel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.186148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alcohol Dependence Differentially Alters Orbitofrontal Cortex Representations of Inferred Decision-Making and Outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.185066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome sequencing analysis identifies new loci associated with Lewy body dementia and provides insights into the complex genetic architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.185066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic basis of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is not well understood. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing in large cohorts of LBD cases and neurologically healthy controls to study the genetic architecture of this understudied form of dementia and to generate a resource for the scientific community. Genome-wide association analysis identified five independent risk loci, whereas genome-wide gene-aggregation tests implicated mutations in the gene GBA. Genetic risk scores demonstrate that LBD shares risk profiles and pathways with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, providing a deeper molecular understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this age-related neurodegenerative condition.Competing Interest StatementThomas G. Beach is a consultant for Prothena, Vivid Genomics and Avid Radiopharmaceuticals. He is a scientific advisory board member for Vivid Genomics. John A. Hardy, Huw R. Morris, Stuart Pickering-Brown, Andrew B. Singleton, and Bryan J. Traynor hold US, EU and Canadian patents on the clinical testing and therapeutic intervention for the hexanucleotide repeat expansion of C9orf72. Michael A. Nalls is supported by a consulting contract between Data Tecnica International and the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; as a possible conflict of interest Dr. Nalls also consults for Neuron23 Inc., Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Illumina Inc., the Michael J. Fox Foundation and Vivid Genomics among others. Jose A. Palma is an editorial board member of Movement Disorders, Parkinsonism &amp; Related Disorders, BMC Neurology, and Clinical Autonomic Research. Bradley F. Boeve, James Leverenz, and Sonja W. Scholz serve on the Scientific Advisory Council of the Lewy Body Dementia Association. Sonja W. Scholz is an editorial board member for the Journal of Parkinson's Disease. Bryan J. Traynor is an editorial board member for JAMA Neurology; Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry; Brain; and Neurobiology of Aging. Zbigniew K. Wszolek serves as a principal investigator or co-principal investigator on Abbvie, Inc. (M15-562 and M15-563), Biogen, Inc. (228PD201) grant, and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (BHV4157-206 and BHV3241-301). Zbigniew K. Wszolek serves as the principal investigator of the Mayo Clinic American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA) Information and Referral Center, and as co-principal investigator of the Mayo Clinic APDA Center for Advanced Research. All other authors report no competing interests.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabir, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandres-Ciga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez-Atienzar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walton, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viollet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarious, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diez-Fairen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portley, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramzon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blauwendraat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eicher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkkinen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansorge, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honig, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marder, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemstra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. George-Hyslop, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Londos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lashley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaunmuktane, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galasko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santana, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tienari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myllykangas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oinas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halliday, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Deerlin, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trojanowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.185066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome sequencing analysis identifies new loci associated with Lewy body dementia and provides insights into the complex genetic architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.190322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repurposed Drugs Block Toxin-Driven Platelet Clearance by the Hepatic Ashwell-Morell Receptor to Clear Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.190322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus (SA) bloodstream infections cause high morbidity and mortality (20-30%) despite modern supportive care. In a human bacteremia cohort, development of thrombocytopenia was correlated to increased mortality and increased α-toxin expression by the pathogen. Platelet-derived antibacterial peptides are important in bloodstream defense against SA, but α-toxin decreased platelet viability, induced platelet sialidase to cause desialylation of platelet glycoproteins, and accelerated platelet clearance by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor (AMR). Ticagrelor (Brilinta®), a commonly prescribed P2Y12 receptor inhibitor used post-myocardial infarction, blocked α-toxin-mediated platelet injury and resulting thrombocytopenia, thus providing protection from lethal SA infection in a murine intravenous challenge model. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of AMR stabilized platelet counts and enhanced resistance to SA infection, and the anti-influenza sialidase inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) provided similar therapeutic benefit. Thus a “toxin-platelet-AMR” regulatory pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SA bloodstream infection, and its elucidation provides proof-of-concept for repurposing two FDA-approved drugs as adjunctive therapies to improve patient outcomes.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morodomi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornax, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohno, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyaw, M. M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haste, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanaji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanaji, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakoulas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marth, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.190322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repurposed Drugs Block Toxin-Driven Platelet Clearance by the Hepatic Ashwell-Morell Receptor to Clear Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.07.192526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF Mediates Dosage and Sequence-context-dependent Transcriptional Insulation through Formation of Local Chromatin Domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.07.192526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulators play a critical role in spatiotemporal gene expression in metazoans by separating active and repressive chromatin domains and preventing inappropriate enhancer-promoter contacts. The evolutionarily conserved CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is required for insulator function in mammals, but not all of its binding sites act as insulators. Here, we explore the sequence requirements of CTCF-mediated transcriptional insulation with the use of a sensitive insulator reporter assay in mouse embryonic stem cells. We find that insulation potency depends on the number of CTCF binding sites in tandem. Furthermore, CTCF-mediated insulation is dependent on DNA sequences flanking its core binding motifs, and CTCF binding sites at topologically associating domain(TAD) boundaries are more likely to function as insulators than those outside TAD boundaries, independent of binding strength. Using chromosomal conformation capture assays and high-resolution chromatin imaging techniques, we demonstrate that insulators form local chromatin domain boundaries and reduce enhancer-promoter contacts. Taken together, our results provide strong genetic, molecular, and structural evidence connecting chromatin topology to the action of insulators in the mammalian genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hui Huang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan Zhu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Jussila</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuanyuan Han</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdan Bintu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colin Kern</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattia Conte</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanxiao Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simona Bianco</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrea Chiariello</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivan Juric</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ming Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mario Nicodemi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaowei Zhuang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bing Ren</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.192526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF Mediates Dosage and Sequence-context-dependent Transcriptional Insulation through Formation of Local Chromatin Domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.194159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reference data based insights expand understanding of human metabolomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.08.194159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human metabolome has remained largely unknown, with most studies annotating [~]10% of features. In nucleic acid sequencing, annotating transcripts by source has proven essential for understanding gene function. Here we generalize this concept to stool, plasma, urine and other human metabolomes, discovering that food-based annotations increase the interpreted fraction of molecular features 7-fold, providing a general framework for expanding the interpretability of human metabolomic "dark matter."
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Julia M Gauglitz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wout Bittremieux</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candace L Williams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly C Weldon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan W Panitchpakdi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesca Di Ottavio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christine M Aceves</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizabeth Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicole C Sikora</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alan K. Jarmusch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron Martino</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anupriya Tripathi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erfan Sayyari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin Shaffer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roxana Coras</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernando Vargas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay DeRight Goldasich</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tara Schwartz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKenzie Bryant</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory Humphrey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abigail J. Johnson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katharina Spengler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedro Belda-Ferre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgar Diaz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel McDonald</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiyun Zhu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominic S. Nguyen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanuel O. Elijah</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingxun Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarisse Marotz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kate E. Sprecher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniela Vargas-Robles</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dana Withrow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gail Ackerm</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.08.194159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reference data based insights expand understanding of human metabolomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.198069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformation and dynamics of the kinase domain drive subcellular location and activation of LRRK2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.198069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a multi-tiered approach, we explored how Parkinsons Disease-related mutations hijack the finely tuned activation process of Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) using a construct containing the ROC, Cor, Kinase and WD40 domains (LRRK2RCKW). We hypothesized that the N-terminal domains shield the catalytic domains in an inactive state. PD mutations, type-I LRRK2 inhibitors, or physiological Rab GTPases can unleash the catalytic domains while the active kinase conformation, but not kinase activity, is essential for docking onto microtubules. Mapping solvent accessible regions of LRRK2RCKW employing hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) revealed how inhibitor binding is sensed by the entire protein. Molecular Dynamics simulations of the kinase domain elucidated differences in conformational dynamics between wt and mutants of the DYG{psi} motif. While all domains contribute to regulating kinase activity and spatial distribution, the kinase domain, driven by the DYG{psi} motif, coordinates domain crosstalk and serves as an intrinsic hub for LRRK2 regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoto, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallbott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herberg, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.198069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformation and dynamics of the kinase domain drive subcellular location and activation of LRRK2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.201616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.14.201616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We show that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its Receptor Binding Domain. Docking studies suggest a putative heparin/heparan sulfate-binding site adjacent to the domain that binds to ACE2. In vitro, binding of ACE2 and heparin to spike protein ectodomains occurs independently and a ternary complex can be generated using heparin as a template. Contrary to studies with purified components, spike protein binding to heparan sulfate and ACE2 on cells occurs codependently. Unfractionated heparin, non-anticoagulant heparin, treatment with heparin lyases, and purified lung heparan sulfate potently block spike protein binding and infection by spike protein-pseudotyped virus and SARS-CoV-2 virus. These findings support a model for SARS-CoV-2 infection in which viral attachment and infection involves formation of a complex between heparan sulfate and ACE2. Manipulation of heparan sulfate or inhibition of viral adhesion by exogenous heparin may represent new therapeutic opportunities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spliid, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pihl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thacker, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majowicz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garretson, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laubach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caradonna, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordts, P. L. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jose, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.14.201616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Infection Depends on Cellular Heparan Sulfate and ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.205757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nef enhances HIV-1 replication and infectivity independently of SERINC3 and SERINC5 in CEM T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.205757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lentiviral nef gene encodes several discrete activities aimed at co-opting or antagonizing cellular proteins and pathways to defeat host defenses and maintain persistent infection. Primary functions of Nef include downregulation of CD4 and MHC class-I from the cell surface, disruption or mimicry of T-cell receptor signaling, and enhancement of viral infectivity by counteraction of the host antiretroviral proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5. In the absence of Nef, SERINC5 incorporates into virions and inhibits viral fusion with target cells, decreasing infectivity. However, whether Nefs counteraction of SERINC5 is the cause of its positive influence on viral growth-rate in CD4-positive T cells is unclear. Here, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout SERINC3 and SERINC5 in a leukemic CD4-positive T cell line (CEM) that displays relatively robust nef-related infectivity and growth-rate phenotypes. As previously reported, viral replication was attenuated in CEM cells infected with HIV-1 lacking Nef (HIV-1{Delta}Nef). This attenuated growth-rate phenotype was observed regardless of whether the coding regions of the serinc3 or serinc5 genes were intact. Moreover, knockout of serinc3 or serinc5 failed to restore the infectivity of HIV1{Delta}Nef virions produced from infected CEM cells. Taken together, our results corroborate a similar study using another T-lymphoid cell line (MOLT-3) and indicate that the antagonism of SERINC3 and SERINC5 cannot fully explain the virology of HIV-1 lacking Nef.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angerstein, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollbrecht, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.205757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nef enhances HIV-1 replication and infectivity independently of SERINC3 and SERINC5 in CEM T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.206680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulations support the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and suggest subtype specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.206680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changeux et al. recently suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein may interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Such interactions may be involved in pathology and infectivity. Here, we use molecular simulations of validated atomically detailed structures of nAChRs, and of the S protein, to investigate this  nicotinic hypothesis. We examine the binding of the Y674-R685 loop of the S protein to three nAChRs, namely the human 4{beta}2 and 7 subtypes and the muscle-like {beta}{gamma}d receptor from Tetronarce californica. Our results indicate that Y674-R685 has affinity for nAChRs and the region responsible for binding contains the PRRA motif, a four-residue insertion not found in other SARS-like coronaviruses. In particular, R682 has a key role in the stabilisation of the complexes as it forms interactions with loops A, B and C in the receptors binding pocket. The conformational behaviour of the bound Y674-R685 region is highly dependent on the receptor subtype, adopting extended conformations in the 4{beta}2 and 7 complexes and more compact ones when bound to the muscle-like receptor. In the 4{beta}2 and {beta}{gamma}d complexes, the interaction of Y674-R685 with the receptors forces the loop C region to adopt an open conformation similar to other known nAChR antagonists. In contrast, in the 7 complex, Y674-R685 penetrates deeply into the binding pocket where it forms interactions with the residues lining the aromatic box, namely with TrpB, TyrC1 and TyrC2. Estimates of binding energy suggest that Y674-R685 forms stable complexes with all three nAChR subtypes. Analyses of the simulations of the full-length S protein show that the Y674-R685 region is accessible for binding, and suggest a potential binding orientation of the S protein with nAChRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermudez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaieb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemark, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sessions, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.16.206680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulations support the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and suggest subtype specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.209403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Argo: A 65,536 channel recording system for high density neural recording in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.209403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we demonstrate the Argo System, a massively parallel neural recording system based on platinum-iridium microwire electrode arrays bonded to a CMOS voltage amplifier array. The Argo system is the highest channel count in vivo neural recording system built to date, supporting simultaneous recording from 65,536 channels, sampled at over 32 kHz and 12-bit resolution. This system is designed for cortical recordings, compatible with both penetrating and surface microelectrodes. We have validated this system by recording spiking activity from 791 neurons in rats and cortical surface Local Field Potential (LFP) activity from over 30,000 channels in sheep. While currently adapted for head-fixed recording, the microwire-CMOS architecture is well suited for clinical translation. Thus, this demonstration helps pave the way for a future high data rate intracortical implant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahasrabuddhe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaReau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouzzner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boergens, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shivakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopper, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, M.-E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgington, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamara, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babaie-Fishani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veijalainen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klekachev, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuckey, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luyssaert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozai, T. D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dierickx, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohal, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angle, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.209403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Argo: A 65,536 channel recording system for high density neural recording in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.209536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biased orientation representations can be explained by experience with non-uniform training set statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.209536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual acuity is better for vertical and horizontal compared to other orientations. This cross-species phenomenon is often explained by "efficient coding", whereby more neurons show sharper tuning for the orientations most common in natural vision. However, it is unclear if experience alone can account for such biases. Here, we measured orientation representations in a convolutional neural network, VGG-16, trained on modified versions of ImageNet (rotated by 0{degrees}, 22.5{degrees}, or 45{degrees} counter-clockwise of upright). Discriminability for each model was highest near the orientations that were most common in the networks training set. Furthermore, there was an over-representation of narrowly tuned units selective for the most common orientations. These effects emerged in middle layers and increased with depth in the network. Biases emerged early in training, consistent with the possibility that non-uniform representations may play a functional role in the networks task performance. Together, our results suggest that biased orientation representations can emerge through experience with a non-uniform distribution of orientations, supporting the efficient coding hypothesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.209536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biased orientation representations can be explained by experience with non-uniform training set statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Siderophore-mediated zinc acquisition enhances enterobacterial colonization of the inflamed gut. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zinc is an essential cofactor for bacterial metabolism, and many Enterobacteriaceae express the zinc transporters ZnuABC and ZupT to acquire this metal in the host. Unexpectedly, the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 exhibited appreciable growth in zinc-limited media even when these transporters were deleted. By utilizing in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as native spray metal infusion mass spectrometry and ion identity molecular networking, we discovered that Nissle utilizes yersiniabactin as a zincophore. Indeed, yersiniabactin enables Nissle to scavenge zinc in zinc-limited media, to resist calprotectin-mediated zinc sequestration, and to thrive in the inflamed gut. Moreover, we discovered that yersiniabactins affinity for iron or zinc changes in a pH-dependent manner, with higher affinity for zinc as the pH increased. Altogether, we demonstrate that siderophore metal affinity can be influenced by the local environment and reveal a mechanism of zinc acquisition available to many commensal and pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjokrosurjo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montaldo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treacy-Abarca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilston, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skaar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chazin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garneau-Tsodikova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrenz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuccio, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.212498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Siderophore-mediated zinc acquisition enhances enterobacterial colonization of the inflamed gut.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein increases infectivity in an ACE2 receptor dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV2 coronavirus responsible for the current COVID19 pandemic has been reported to have a relatively low mutation rate. Nevertheless, a few prevalent variants have arisen that give the appearance of undergoing positive selection as they are becoming increasingly widespread over time. Most prominent among these is the D614G amino acid substitution in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein, which mediates viral entry. The D614G substitution, however, is in linkage disequilibrium with the ORF1b P314L mutation where both mutations almost invariably co-occur, making functional inferences problematic. In addition, the possibility of repeated new introductions of the mutant strain does not allow one to distinguish between a founder effect and an intrinsic genetic property of the virus. Here, we synthesized and expressed the WT and D614G variant SARS-Cov2 Spike protein, and report that using a SARS-CoV2 Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral vector we observe that the D614G variant Spike has >1/2 log10 increased infectivity in human cells expressing the human ACE2 protein as the viral receptor. The increased binding/fusion activity of the D614G Spike protein was corroborated in a cell fusion assay using Spike and ACE2 proteins expressed in different cells. These results are consistent with the possibility that the Spike D614G mutant increases the infectivity of SARS-CoV2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonnu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan (Firth), A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.21.214932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein increases infectivity in an ACE2 receptor dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A zebrafish model of Granulin deficiency reveals essential roles in myeloid cell differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Granulin (GRN) is a pleiotropic protein involved in inflammation, wound healing, neurodegenerative disease, and tumorigenesis. These roles in human health have prompted research efforts to utilize Granulin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, frontotemporal dementia, and to enhance wound healing. How granulin contributes to each of these diverse biological functions, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we have uncovered a new role for granulin during myeloid cell differentiation. Using a zebrafish model of granulin deficiency, we reveal that in the absence of granulin a (grna), myeloid progenitors are unable to terminally differentiate into neutrophils and macrophages during normal and emergency myelopoiesis. In addition, macrophages fail to recruit to the wound, resulting in abnormal healing. Our CUT&RUN experiments identify Pu.1, which together with Irf8 positively regulate grna expression. Importantly, we demonstrate functional conservation between the mammalian granulin and the zebrafish orthologue grna. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized role for granulin during myeloid cell differentiation, opening a new field of study that has the potential to impact different aspects of the human health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Espin Palazon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fursova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snella, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCune, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solchenberger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.217067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A zebrafish model of Granulin deficiency reveals essential roles in myeloid cell differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.218784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidation of cryptic and allosteric pockets within the SARS-CoV-2 protease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.218784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly spread across the globe, posing an urgent health concern. Many quests to computationally identify treatments against the virus rely on in silico small molecule docking to experimentally determined structures of viral proteins. One limit to these approaches is that protein dynamics are often unaccounted for, leading to overlooking transient, druggable conformational states. Using Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics to enhance sampling of conformational space, we identified cryptic pockets within the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, including some within regions far from the active site and assed their druggability. These pockets can aid in virtual screening efforts to identify a protease inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19.

O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sztain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.218784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidation of cryptic and allosteric pockets within the SARS-CoV-2 protease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.219881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell type resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.219881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human cerebral cortex contains many cell types that likely underwent independent functional changes during evolution. However, cell type-specific regulatory landscapes in the cortex remain largely unexplored. Here we report epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses of the two main cortical neuronal subtypes, glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons, in human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. Using genome-wide profiling of the H3K27ac histone modification, we identify neuron-subtype-specific regulatory elements that previously went undetected in bulk brain tissue samples. Human-specific regulatory changes are uncovered in multiple genes, including those associated with language, autism spectrum disorder and drug addiction. We observe preferential evolutionary divergence in neuron-subtype-specific regulatory elements and show that a substantial fraction of pan-neuronal regulatory elements undergo subtype-specific evolutionary changes. This study sheds light on the interplay between regulatory evolution and cell-type-dependent gene expression programs, and provides a resource for further exploration of human brain evolution and function.

SIGNIFICANCEThe cerebral cortex of the human brain is a highly complex, heterogeneous tissue that contains many cell types which are exquisitely regulated at the level of gene expression by non-coding regulatory elements, presumably, in a cell-type-dependent manner. However, assessing the regulatory elements in individual cell types is technically challenging, and therefore, most of the previous studies on gene regulation were performed with bulk brain tissue. Here we analyze two major types of neurons isolated from the cerebral cortex of humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques, and report complex patterns of cell-type-specific evolution of the regulatory elements in numerous genes. Many genes with evolving regulation are implicated in language abilities as well as psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kozlenkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermunt, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apontes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherwood, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hof, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ely, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creyghton, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koonin, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dracheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.24.219881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of regulatory signatures in primate cortical neurons at cell type resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.227348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
E-cigarettes compromise the gut barrier and trigger gut inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.227348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
E-cigarette and vaping device use continue to rise, particularly in adolescents and young adults, but the safety of inhaling the multitude of chemicals within e-cigarette aerosols has been questioned. While several studies have evaluated vaping effects on the lungs and heart; effects on the gastrointestinal tract remain unknown. Using established murine models of acute (1 week) and chronic (3 month) daily e-cigarette aerosol inhalation, both with nicotine-containing and vehicle control e-liquids, murine colon transcriptomics and organoid co-culture models, we assessed the effects of e-cigarette use on the gut barrier and mucosal health. Histologic analyses revealed that chronic exposure to nicotine-free e-cigarette aerosols induced mucosal inflammation. Transcriptome analyses revealed that chronic, but not acute, nicotine-free e-cigarette use significantly reduced expression of tight junction markers, including occluding, and drove expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exposure of murine and human enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) to nicotine-free e-cigarette aerosols alone, or in co-culture with invasive E. coli, confirmed that repetitive exposure was sufficient to recapitulate the key findings observed in vivo, i.e., barrier-disruption, downregulation of occludin, inflammation, and an accentuated risk of and response to bacterial infection. These data highlight an unexpected harmful effect of e-cigarette use on the gut barrier and pinpoint non-nicotine chemical components common across >90% of e-cigarette e-liquids as the source of harm. Given the ever-expanding importance of the integrity of the gut barrier for host fitness, and impact of gut mucosal inflammation on a multitude of chronic diseases, these findings are broadly relevant to medicine and public health.

SIGNIFICANCEThe safety of electronic cigarettes has been questioned amidst emerging evidence that they may derail our immune system and increase our susceptibility to infections. Despite these insights, their impact on the most critical entity that separates trillions of microbes from the largest immune system in our body, i.e., the gut barrier, remains unexplored. Using a combination of mouse models, gut transcriptomics, and murine and human gut-derived organoids, here we show that chronic exposure to aerosols of electronic-cigarette disrupts the gut barrier, increases its susceptibility to bacterial infections and triggers inflammation. Given the importance of the gut barrier in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential long-term harmful effects of electronic cigarettes on health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothari, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pranadinata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty-Alexander, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.227348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[E-cigarettes compromise the gut barrier and trigger gut inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.228023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein forms mutually exclusive condensates with RNA and the membrane-associated M protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.228023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The multifunctional nucleocapsid (N) protein in SARS-CoV-2 binds the ~30 kb viral RNA genome to aid its packaging into the 80-90 nm membrane-enveloped virion. The N protein is composed of N-terminal RNA-binding and C-terminal dimerization domains that are flanked by three intrinsically disordered regions. Here we demonstrate that a centrally located 40 amino acid intrinsically disordered domain drives phase separation of N protein when bound to RNA, with the morphology of the resulting condensates affected by inclusion in the RNA of the putative SARS-CoV-2 packaging signal. The SARS-CoV-2 M protein, normally embedded in the virion membrane with its C-terminus extending into the virion core, independently induces N protein phase separation that is dependent on the N proteins C-terminal dimerization domain and disordered region. Three-component mixtures of N+M+RNA form condensates with mutually exclusive compartments containing N+M or N+RNA, including spherical annular structures in which the M protein coats the outside of an N+RNA condensate. These findings support a model in which phase separation of the N protein with both the viral genomic RNA and the SARS-CoV-2 M protein facilitates RNA packaging and virion assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.228023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein forms mutually exclusive condensates with RNA and the membrane-associated M protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic probe for visualizing glutamatergic synapses and vesicles by 3D electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communication between neurons relies on the release of diverse neurotransmitters, which represent a key-defining feature of a neurons chemical and functional identity. Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles by specific vesicular transporters. However, tools for labeling and imaging synapses and synaptic vesicles based on their neurochemical identity remain limited. We developed a genetically encoded probe to identify glutamatergic synaptic vesicles at the levels of both light and electron microscopy (EM) by fusing the mini singlet oxygen generator (miniSOG) probe to an intra-lumenal loop of the vesicular glutamate transporter-2. We then used a 3D imaging method, serial block face scanning EM, combined with a deep learning approach for automatic segmentation of labeled synaptic vesicles to assess the subcellular distribution of transporter-defined vesicles at nanometer scale. These tools represent a new resource for accessing the subcellular structure and molecular machinery of neurotransmission and for transmitter-defined tracing of neuronal connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madany, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberl, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BOASSA, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.230995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic probe for visualizing glutamatergic synapses and vesicles by 3D electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient population modification gene-drive rescue system in the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of Cas9/gRNA-mediated gene-drive systems has bolstered the advancement of genetic technologies for controlling vector-borne pathogen transmission. These include population suppression approaches, genetic analogs of insecticidal techniques that reduce the number of vector insects, and population modification (replacement/alteration) approaches, which interfere with competence to transmit pathogens. We developed a recoded gene-drive rescue system for population modification in the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, that relieves the load in females caused by integration of the drive into the kynurenine hydroxylase gene by rescuing its function. Non-functional resistant alleles are eliminated via a dominantly-acting maternal effect combined with slower-acting standard negative selection, and a functional resistant allele does not prevent drive invasion. Small cage trials show that single releases of gene-drive males robustly result in efficient population modification with [&ge;]95% of mosquitoes carrying the drive within 5-11 generations over a range of initial release ratios.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adolfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasinskiene, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulger, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaiah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terradas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.02.233056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient population modification gene-drive rescue system in the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.234146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially-resolved correlative microscopy and microbial identification reveals dynamic depth- and mineral-dependent anabolic activity in salt marsh sediment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.234146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coastal salt marshes are key sites of biogeochemical cycling and ideal systems in which to investigate the community structure of complex microbial communities. Here, we clarify structural-functional relationships among microorganisms and their mineralogical environment, revealing previously undescribed metabolic activity patterns and precise spatial arrangements within salt marsh sediment. Following 3.7-day in situ incubations with a non-canonical amino acid that was incorporated into new biomass, samples were embedded and analyzed by correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy to map the microscale arrangements of anabolically active and inactive organisms alongside mineral grains. Parallel sediment samples were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to link anabolic activity to taxonomic identity. Both approaches demonstrated a rapid decline in the proportion of anabolically active cells with depth into salt marsh sediment, from [~]60% in the top cm to 10-25% between 2-7 cm. From the top to the bottom, the most prominent active community members shifted from sulfur cycling phototrophic consortia, to sulfate-reducing bacteria likely oxidizing organic compounds, to fermentative lineages. Correlative microscopy revealed more abundant (and more anabolically active) organisms around non-quartz minerals including rutile, orthoclase, and plagioclase. Microbe-mineral relationships appear to be dynamic and context-dependent arbiters of biogeochemical cycling.

Statement of SignificanceMicroscale spatial relationships dictate critical aspects of a microbiomes inner workings and emergent properties, such as evolutionary pathways, niche development, and community structure and function. However, many commonly used methods in microbial ecology neglect this parameter - obscuring important microbe-microbe and microbe-mineral interactions - and instead employ bulk-scale methodologies that are incapable of resolving these intricate relationships.

This benchmark study presents a compelling new approach for exploring the anabolic activity of a complex microbial community by mapping the precise spatial configuration of anabolically active organisms within mineralogically heterogeneous sediment through in situ incubation, resin embedding, and correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy. In parallel, active organisms were identified through fluorescence-activated cell sorting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, enabling a powerful interpretive framework connecting location, identity, activity, and putative biogeochemical roles of microbial community members.

We deploy this novel approach in salt marsh sediment, revealing quantitative insights into the fundamental principles that govern the structure and function of sediment-hosted microbial communities. In particular, at different sediment horizons, we observed striking changes in the proportion of anabolically active cells, the identities of the most prominent active community members, and the nature of microbe-mineral affiliations. Improved approaches for understanding microscale ecosystems in a new light, such as those presented here, reveal environmental parameters that promote or constrain metabolic activity and clarify the impact that microbial communities have on our world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marlow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spietz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girguis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzenpichler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.234146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially-resolved correlative microscopy and microbial identification reveals dynamic depth- and mineral-dependent anabolic activity in salt marsh sediment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.221960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ventral Pallidum GABA Neurons Mediate Motivation Underlying Risky Choice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.221960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pursuing rewards while avoiding danger is an essential function of any nervous system. Here, we examine a new mechanism helping rats negotiate the balance between risk and reward when making high-stakes decisions. Specifically, we focus on GABA neurons within an emerging mesolimbic circuit nexus--the ventral pallidum (VP). These neurons play a distinct role from other VP neurons in simple motivated behaviors in mice, but their roles in more complex motivated behaviors is unknown. Here, we interrogate the behavioral functions of VPGABA neurons in male and female transgenic GAD1:Cre rats (and wildtype littermates), using a reversible chemogenetic inhibition approach. Employing a behavioral assay of risky decision making, and of the food-seeking and shock-avoidance components of this task, we show that engaging inhibitory Gi/o signaling specifically in VPGABA neurons suppresses motivation to pursue highly salient palatable foods, and possibly also motivation to avoid being shocked. In contrast, inhibiting these neurons did not affect seeking of low-value food, free consumption of palatable food, or unconditioned affective responses to shock. Accordingly, when rats considered whether to pursue food despite potential for shock in a risky decision-making task, inhibiting VPGABA neurons caused them to more readily select a small but safe reward over a large but dangerous one--an effect not seen in the absence of shock threat. Together, results indicate that VPGABA neurons are critical for high-stakes adaptive responding that is necessary for survival, but which may also malfunction in psychiatric disorders.

Significance StatementIn a dynamic world, it is essential to implement appropriate behaviors under circumstances involving rewards, threats, or both. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role for VPGABA neurons in high-stakes motivated behavior of several types. We show that this VPGABA role in motivation impacts decision making, as inhibiting these neurons yields a conservative, risk-averse strategy not seen when the task is performed without threat of shock. These new roles for VPGABA neurons in behavior may inform future strategies for treating addiction, and other disorders of maladaptive decision making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farrell, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteban, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faget, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floresco, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahler, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.04.221960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ventral Pallidum GABA Neurons Mediate Motivation Underlying Risky Choice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.05.238758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of innate defense responses by endoglycosidase HPSE promotes cell survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.05.238758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The drive to withstand environmental stresses and defend against invasion is a universal trait extant in all forms of life. While numerous canonical signaling cascades have been characterized in detail, it remains unclear how these pathways interface to generate coordinated responses to diverse stimuli. To dissect these connections, we follow heparanase (HPSE), a protein best known for its endoglycosidic activity at the extracellular matrix but recently recognized to drive various forms of late stage disease through unknown mechanisms. Using herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection as a model cellular perturbation, we demonstrate that HPSE acts beyond its established enzymatic role to restrict multiple forms of cell-intrinsic defense and facilitate host cell reprogramming by the invading pathogen. We reveal that cells devoid of HPSE are innately resistant to infection and counteract viral takeover through multiple amplified defense mechanisms. With a unique grasp of the fundamental processes of transcriptional regulation and cell death, HPSE represents a potent cellular intersection with broad therapeutic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agelidis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turturice, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suryawanshi, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadavalli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaishankar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koujah, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patil, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadigal, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyzar, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campeau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlodavsky, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-p.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.05.238758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of innate defense responses by endoglycosidase HPSE promotes cell survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.237271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
White Matter Disruption in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Results from ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.237271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Annually, approximately 3 million children around the world experience traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), of which up to 20% are characterized as moderate to severe (msTBI) and/or have abnormal imaging findings. Affected children are vulnerable to long-term cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, as injury can disrupt or alter ongoing brain maturation. Post-injury outcomes are highly variable, and there is only limited understanding of how inter-individual differences in outcomes arise. Small sample sizes have also complicated efforts to better understand factors influencing the impact of TBI on the developing brain. White matter (WM) disruption is a critical aspect of TBI neuropathology and diffusion MRI (dMRI) is particularly sensitive to microstructural abnormalities. Here we present the results of a coordinated analysis of dMRI data across ten cohorts from three countries. We had three primary aims: (1) to characterize the nature and extent of WM disruption across key post-injury intervals (acute/subacute - within 2 months, post-acute - 2-6 months, chronic - 6+ months); (2) evaluate the impact of age and sex on WM in the context of injury; and (3) to examine associations between WM and neurobehavioral outcomes. Based on data from 507 children and adolescents (244 with complicated mild to severe TBI and 263 control children), we report widespread WM disruption across all post-injury intervals. As expected, injury severity was a significant contributor to the pattern and extent of WM degradation, but explained less variance in dMRI measures with increasing time since injury, supporting other research indicating that other factors contribute increasingly to outcomes over time. The corpus callosum appears to be particularly vulnerable to injury, an effect that persists years post-TBI. We also report sex differences in the effect of TBI on the uncinate fasciculus (UNC), a structure with a key role in emotion regulation. Females with a TBI had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the UNC than those with no TBI, and this phenomenon was further associated with more frequent parent-reported behavioral problems as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). These effects were not detected in males. With future harmonization of imaging and neurocognitive data, more complex modeling of factors influencing outcomes will be possible and help to identify clinically-meaningful patient subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caeyenberghs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoskinson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkley, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suskauer, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asarnow, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babikian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartnik-Olson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickart, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigler, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewing-Cobbs, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figaji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giza, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunsaker-Goodrich, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovenden, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irimia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Königs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Max, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newsome, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spruiell, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeates, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochunov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tate, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilde, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.237271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[White Matter Disruption in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Results from ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.09.229716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Receptor tyrosine kinases activate heterotrimeric G proteins via phosphorylation within the interdomain cleft of Gαi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.09.229716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular mechanisms by which receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heterotrimeric G proteins, two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes, independently relay signals across the plasma membrane have been extensively characterized. How these hubs crosstalk has been a long-standing question, but answers remain elusive. Using linear-ion-trap mass spectrometry in combination with biochemical, cellular, and computational approaches, we unravel a mechanism of activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by RTKs and chart the key steps that mediate such activation. Upon growth factor stimulation, the guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator, GIV, dissociates Gi*{beta}{gamma} trimers, scaffolds monomeric Gi with RTKs, and facilitates the phosphorylation on two tyrosines located within the inter-domain cleft of Gi. Phosphorylation triggers the activation of Gi and inhibits second messengers (cAMP). Tumor-associated mutants reveal how constitutive activation of this pathway impacts cells decision to  go vs.  grow. These insights define a tyrosine-based G protein signaling paradigm and reveal its importance in eukaryotes.

Significance StatementGrowth factors and heterotrimeric G proteins are two of the most widely studied signaling pathways in eukaryotes; their crosstalk shapes some of the most fundamental cellular responses in both health and disease. Although mechanisms by which G protein pathways transactivate growth factor RTKs has been well-defined, how the reverse may happen is less understood. This study defines the key steps and cellular consequences of a fundamental mechanism of signal crosstalk that enables RTKs to transactivate heterotrimeric G protein, Gi. Mutations found in tumors shed light on how derailing this mechanism impacts tumor cell behavior. Thus, findings not only show how cells integrate extracellular signals via pathway crosstalk, but also demonstrate the relevance of this pathway in cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalogriopoulos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sanchez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midde, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aznar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Marcos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.09.229716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Receptor tyrosine kinases activate heterotrimeric G proteins via phosphorylation within the interdomain cleft of Gαi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.243634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dysregulation of the secretory pathway connects Alzheimer's disease genetics to aggregate formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.243634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of amyloid disorders, such as Alzheimers disease, is aggregation of secreted proteins. However, it is largely unclear how the hundreds of secretory pathway proteins contribute to amyloid formation. We developed a systems biology framework that integrates expression data with protein-protein interaction networks to successfully estimate a tissues fitness for producing specific secreted proteins. Using this framework, we analyzed the fitness of the secretory pathway of various brain regions and cell types for synthesizing the Alzheimers disease-associated amyloid-precursor protein (APP). While none of the key amyloidogenic pathway components were differentially expressed in AD brain, we found the deposition of A{beta} is associated with repressed expression of the secretory pathway components proximal to APP. Concurrently, we detected systemic up-regulation of the secretory pathway components proximal to {beta}- and {gamma}-secretases in AD brains. Our analyses suggest that perturbations from 3 high confidence AD risk genes cascade through the secretory machinery support network for APP and into the endocytosis pathway. Thus, we present a model where amyloidogenesis is associated with dysregulation of dozens of secretory pathway components supporting APP, which could yield novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.243634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dysregulation of the secretory pathway connects Alzheimer's disease genetics to aggregate formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.244665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tomato spotted wilt virus benefits its thrips vector by modulating metabolic and plant defense pathways in tomato 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.244665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several plant viruses modulate vector fitness and behavior in ways that may enhance virus transmission. Previous studies have documented indirect, plant-mediated effects of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on the fecundity, growth and survival of its principal thrips vector, Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. In this study, we conducted thrips performance and preference experiments combined with plant gene expression, phytohormone and total free amino acid analyses to identify tomato host responses to single and dual challenge with TSWV and F. occidentalis, compared to F. occidentalis alone, to address the question: do systemically-infected, symptomatic tomato plants modulate primary metabolic (photosynthesis and related physiological functions) and defense-related pathways to culminate into a more favorable environment for the vector. In a greenhouse setting, we documented a significant increase in the number of offspring produced by F. occidentalis on TSWV-infected tomato plants compared to mock-inoculated plants, and in choice test assays, females exhibited enhanced settling on TSWV-infected leaves. Microarray analysis combined with phytohormone signaling pathway analysis revealed that TSWV infection, regardless of thrips activity, robustly upregulated salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and downstream defense signaling pathway genes typically known to be associated with execution of defense against pathogens. TSWV alone downregulated a few jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive, anti-herbivore defense genes, however these were limited to wound-induced proteinase inhibitors. While this may indicate a subtle SA-JA antagonistic cross-talk in response to the virus, abscisic acid (ABA, upregulated) and auxin pathways (downregulated) were also perturbed by TSWV infection, regardless of F. occidentalis colonization, and may play roles in coordinating and dampening defense against the vector on infected plants. Frankliniella occidentalis alone triggered JA and ET pathways, phytohormones that have been reported to work cooperatively to enhance induced resistance to microbes and herbivores; however, on infected plants, ET remained unperturbed by the thrips vector. TSWV infection, alone or in combination with thrips, suppressed genes associated with photosynthesis and chloroplast function thereby significantly impacting primary metabolism of the host plant, and hierarchical cluster analysis and network analysis revealed that many of these genes were co-regulated with phytohormone defense signaling genes. Virus infection also altered genes related to cell wall organization which may render plants more susceptible to the penetration of thrips mouthparts. Lastly, TSWV infection increased expression of genes related to protein synthesis and degradation which is reflected in the increased total free amino acid content in virus-infected plants that harbored higher thrips populations. These results suggest coordinated gene networks that regulate plant primary metabolism and defense responses rendering virus-infected plants more conducive host for vectors, a relationship that is beneficial to the vector and the virus when considered within the context of the complex transmission biology of TSWV. To our knowledge this is the first study to identify global transcriptional networks that underlie the TSWV-thrips interaction as compared to a single mechanistic approach. Findings of this study increase our fundamental knowledge of host plant-virus-vector interactions and identifies underlying mechanisms of induced host susceptibility to the insect vector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nachappa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challacombe, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolies, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nechols, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitfield, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotenberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.244665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tomato spotted wilt virus benefits its thrips vector by modulating metabolic and plant defense pathways in tomato]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.244814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic mosaicism in the mature brain reveals clonal cellular distributions during cortical development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.244814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The structure of the human neocortex underlies species-specific features and is a reflection of intricate developmental programs. Here we analyzed neocortical cellular lineages through a comprehensive assessment of brain somatic mosaicism--which acts as a neutral recorder of lineage history. We employed deep whole genome and variant sequencing in a single postmortem neurotypical human brain across 25 anatomic regions and three distinct modalities: bulk geographies, sorted cell types, and single nuclei. We identified 259 mosaic variants, revealing remarkable differences in localization, clonal abundance, cell type specificity, and clade distribution. We identified a set of hierarchical cellular diffusion barriers, whereby the left-right axis separation of the neocortex occurs prior to anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axis separation. We also found that stochastic distribution is a driver of clonal dispersion, and that rules regarding cellular lineages and anatomical boundaries are often ignored. Our data provides a comprehensive analysis of brain somatic mosaicism across the human cerebral cortex, deconvolving clonal distributions and migration patterns in the human embryo.

One Sentence SummaryComprehensive evaluation of brain somatic mosaicism in the adult human identifies rules governing cellular distribution during embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lana, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang Newmeyer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy-Venneri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasillas, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nahas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Der Kraan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NIMH Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.244814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic mosaicism in the mature brain reveals clonal cellular distributions during cortical development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heavy and frequent use of cannabis during adolescence increases the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this vulnerability remain largely unknown. Here, we explore whether adolescent vulnerability to long-term behavioral effects of cannabis is modulated by Reelin, a gene implicated in the development of the brain and of psychiatric disorders. To this aim, heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice, that express reduced level of Reelin, were chronically exposed during adolescence to high doses (10mg/kg) of {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a major psychoactive component of cannabis. Mice were tested in early adulthood with multiple behavioral assays, including working memory, social interaction, locomotor activity, anxiety-like responses, stress reactivity, and pre-pulse inhibition. Compared to wild-type (WT), HR mice treated with THC showed impaired social behaviors, elevated disinhibitory phenotypes and increased responsiveness to aversive situations, in a sex-specific manner. Independent of THC exposure, HR mice also spent more time exploring unfamiliar objects, indicating that Reelin modulates novelty seeking behavior. To identify the neuronal ensemble underlying this elevated novelty seeking in HR mice, we mapped the regional brain expression of the immediate early gene, Fos, in mice exposed to novel objects. HR mice exhibited reduced neuronal activation in the lateral septum, a subcortical brain structure implicated in emotions, cognition and reward processes. Overall, these findings show that (1) Reelin deficiency influences behavioral abnormalities caused by heavy consumption of THC during adolescence, and (2) that Reelin plays a role in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying disinhibitory behaviors, such as novelty seeking.

Significant StatementThe link between cannabis abuse and the development psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescents, makes understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cannabis effects on the brain a significant biomedical problem. Reelin is a key signaling molecule in the development of the adolescent brain and of psychiatric disorders, but its role in modulating the behavioral changes induced by cannabis remain unknown. Here, we report an interaction between Reelin deficiency and chronic adolescent exposure to THC, a major psychoactive component of cannabis. This interaction led to cognitive deficits, disinhibitory behaviors and altered emotional reactivity in mice, in a sex-specific manner. These experiments are the first to establish a link between Reelin signaling and the endocannabinoid system targeted by THC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iemolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.245449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reelin deficiency contributes to long-term behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.247122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cohesin-independent mechanism modulates recombination activity along meiotic chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.247122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful meiotic recombination, and thus fertility, depends on conserved axis proteins that organize chromosomes into arrays of anchored chromatin loops and provide a protected environment for DNA exchange. Here, we show that the stereotypic chromosomal distribution of axis proteins in S. cerevisiae is the additive result of two independent pathways: a cohesin-dependent pathway, which was previously identified and mediates focal enrichment of axis proteins at gene ends, and a parallel cohesin-independent pathway that recruits axis proteins to broad genomic islands with high gene density. These islands exhibit elevated markers of crossover recombination as well as increased nucleosome density, which we show is a direct consequence of the underlying DNA sequence. A predicted PHD domain in the center of the axis factor Hop1 specifically mediates cohesin-independent axis recruitment. Intriguingly, other chromosome organizers, including cohesin, condensin, and topoisomerases, are differentially depleted from the same regions even in non-meiotic cells, indicating that these DNA sequence-defined chromatin islands exert a general influence on the patterning of chromosome structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heldrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowitz, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vale-Silva, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochwagen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.11.247122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cohesin-independent mechanism modulates recombination activity along meiotic chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.250159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iModulonDB: a knowledgebase of microbial transcriptional regulation derived from machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.250159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Independent component analysis (ICA) of bacterial transcriptomes has emerged as a powerful tool for obtaining co-regulated, independently-modulated gene sets (iModulons), inferring their activities across a range of conditions, and enabling their association to known genetic regulators. By grouping and analyzing genes based on observations from big data alone, iModulons can provide a novel perspective into how the composition of the transcriptome adapts to environmental conditions. Here, we present iModulonDB (imodulondb.org), a knowledgebase of prokaryotic transcriptional regulation computed from high-quality transcriptomic datasets using ICA. Users select an organism from the home page and then search or browse the curated iModulons that make up its transcriptome. Each iModulon and gene has its own interactive dashboard, featuring plots and tables with clickable, hoverable, and downloadable features. This site enhances research by presenting scientists of all backgrounds with co-expressed gene sets and their activity levels, which lead to improved understanding of regulator-gene relationships, discovery of transcription factors, and the elucidation of unexpected relationships between conditions and genetic regulatory activity. The current release of iModulonDB covers three organisms (E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis) with 204 iModulons, and can be expanded to cover many additional organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.250159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iModulonDB: a knowledgebase of microbial transcriptional regulation derived from machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.238444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial modification of the host glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate modulates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.238444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human microbiota has a close relationship with human disease and it remodels components of the glycocalyx including heparan sulfate (HS). Studies of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein receptor binding domain suggest that infection requires binding to HS and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in a codependent manner. Here, we show that commensal host bacterial communities can modify HS and thereby modulate SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding and that these communities change with host age and sex. Common human-associated commensal bacteria whose genomes encode HS-modifying enzymes were identified. The prevalence of these bacteria and the expression of key microbial glycosidases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was lower in adult COVID-19 patients than in healthy controls. The presence of HS-modifying bacteria decreased with age in two large survey datasets, FINRISK 2002 and American Gut, revealing one possible mechanism for the observed increase in COVID-19 susceptibility with age. In vitro, bacterial glycosidases from unpurified culture media supernatants fully blocked SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to human H1299 protein lung adenocarcinoma cells. HS-modifying bacteria in human microbial communities may regulate viral adhesion, and loss of these commensals could predispose individuals to infection. Understanding the impact of shifts in microbial community composition and bacterial lyases on SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to new therapeutics and diagnosis of susceptibility.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=136 SRC="FIGDIR/small/238444v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (35K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14ff1ecorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@193d84corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15d6f9eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14b16c6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical Abstract. Diagram of hypothesis for bacterial mediation of SARS-CoV-2 infection through heparan sulfate (HS).It is well known that host microbes groom the mucosa where they reside. Recent investigations have shown that HS, a major component of mucosal layers, is necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study we examine the impact of microbial modification of HS on viral attachment.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaramela, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salido Benitez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schifanella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klatt, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havulinna, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jousilahti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiminen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parida, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inouye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niiranen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomaa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.238444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial modification of the host glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate modulates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.253443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical genomic patterning of the cerebral cortex in autism with poor early language outcome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.253443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical regional identities develop through anterior-posterior (A-P) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) prenatal genomic patterning gradients. Here we find that A-P and D-V genomic patterning of cortical surface area (SA) and thickness (CT) is intact in typically developing and autistic toddlers with good language outcome, but is absent in autistic toddlers with poor early language outcome. Genes driving this effect are prominent in midgestational A-P and D-V gene expression gradients and prenatal cell types driving SA and CT variation (e.g., progenitor cells versus excitatory neurons). These genes are also important for vocal learning, human-specific evolution, and prenatal co-expression networks enriched for high-penetrance autism risk genes. Autism with poor early language outcome may be linked to atypical genomic cortical patterning starting in prenatal periods and which impacts later development of regional functional specialization and circuit formation.

One Sentence SummaryGenomic patterning of the cortex is atypical in autistic toddlers with poor early language outcome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramparo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazestani, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidlitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethlehem, R. A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelsen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter Barnes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.253443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical genomic patterning of the cerebral cortex in autism with poor early language outcome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal changes in aperiodic and periodic activity in electrophysiological recordings in the first seven months of life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal oscillations emerge in early human development. These periodic oscillations are thought to rapidly change in infancy and stabilize during maturity. Given their numerous connections to physiological and cognitive processes, as well as their pathological divergence, understanding the trajectory of oscillatory development is important for understanding healthy human brain development. This understanding is complicated by recent evidence that assessment of periodic neuronal oscillations is confounded by aperiodic neuronal activity, which is an inherent feature of electrophysiological neuronal recordings. Recent cross-sectional evidence shows that this aperiodic signal progressively shifts from childhood through early adulthood, and from early adulthood into later life. None of these studies, however, have been performed in infants, nor have they been examined longitudinally. Here, we analyzed non-invasive EEG data from 22 typically developing infants, across multiple time points, ranging between 38 and 203 days old. We show that the progressive flattening of the EEG power spectrum begins in very early development, continuing through the first several months of life. These results highlight the importance of separating the periodic and aperiodic neuronal signals, because the aperiodic signal can bias measurement of neuronal oscillations. Given the infrequent, bursting nature of oscillations in infants, we recommend the use of quantitative time domain approaches that isolate bursts and uncover changes in waveform properties of oscillatory bursts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaworonkow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal changes in aperiodic and periodic activity in electrophysiological recordings in the first seven months of life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Color compensation in anomalous trichromats assessed with fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.18.256701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anomalous trichromacy is a common form of congenital color-deficiency resulting from a genetic alteration in the photopigments of the eyes light receptors. The changes reduce sensitivity to reddish and greenish hues, yet previous work suggests that these observers may experience the world to be more colorful than their altered receptor sensitivities would predict, potentially indicating an amplification of post-receptoral signals. However, past evidence suggesting such a gain adjustment rests on subjective measures of color appearance or salience. We directly tested for neural amplification by using fMRI to measure cortical responses in color-anomalous and normal control observers. Color contrast response functions were measured in two experiments with different tasks to control for attentional factors. Both experiments showed a predictable reduction in chromatic responses for anomalous trichromats in primary visual cortex. However, in later areas V2v and V3v, chromatic responses in the two groups were indistinguishable. Our results provide direct evidence for neural plasticity that compensates for the deficiency in the initial receptor color signals and suggest that the site of this compensation is in early visual cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tregillus, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isherwood, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanston, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLeod, D. I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuriki, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.18.256701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Color compensation in anomalous trichromats assessed with fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.19.256792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-range sequential dependencies precede complex syntactic production in language acquisition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.19.256792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To convey meaning, human language relies on hierarchically organized, long-range relationships spanning words, phrases, sentences, and discourse. The strength of the relationships between sequentially ordered elements of language (e.g., phonemes, characters, words) decays following a power law as a function of sequential distance. To understand the origins of these relationships, we examined long-range statistical structure in the speech of human children at multiple developmental time points, along with non-linguistic behaviors in humans and phylogenetically distant species. Here we show that adult-like power-law statistical dependencies precede the production of hierarchically-organized linguistic structures, and thus cannot be driven solely by these structures. Moreover, we show that similar long-range relationships occur in diverse non-linguistic behaviors across species. We propose that the hierarchical organization of human language evolved to exploit pre-existing long-range structure present in much larger classes of non-linguistic behavior, and that the cognitive capacity to model long-range hierarchical relationships preceded language evolution. We call this the Statistical Scaffolding Hypothesis for language evolution.

1 Significance StatementHuman language is uniquely characterized by semantically meaningful hierarchical organization, conveying information over long timescales. At the same time, many non-linguistic human and animal behaviors are also often characterized by richly hierarchical organization. Here, we compare the long-timescale statistical dependencies present in language to those present in non-linguistic human and animal behaviors as well as language production throughout childhood. We find adult-like, long-timescale relationships early in language development, before syntax or complex semantics emerge, and we find similar relationships in non-linguistic behaviors like cooking and even housefly movement. These parallels demonstrate that long-range statistical dependencies are not unique to language and suggest a possible evolutionary substrate for the long-range hierarchical structure present in human language.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sainburg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentner, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.256792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-range sequential dependencies precede complex syntactic production in language acquisition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.22.262923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BDNF/TrkB signaling endosomes mediate long-distance dendritic growth by activating CREB/PI3K-mTOR-dependent translation in neuronal cell bodies. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.22.262923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) are the primary regulators of dendritic growth in the central nervous system (CNS). After being bound by BDNF, TrkB and p75 are endocytosed into endosomes and continue signaling within the cell soma, dendrites, and axons. We studied the functional role of BDNF axonal signaling in cortical neurons derived from different transgenic mice using compartmentalized cultures in microfluidic devices. We found that axonal BDNF increased dendritic growth from the neuronal cell body in a cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent manner. These effects were dependent on axonal TrkB but not p75 activity. Dynein-dependent BDNF-TrkB-containing endosome transport was required for long-distance induction of dendritic growth. Axonal signaling endosomes increased CREB and mTOR kinase activity in the cell body, and this increase in the activity of both proteins was required for general protein translation and the expression of Arc, a plasticity-associated gene, indicating a role for BDNF-TrkB axonal signaling endosomes in coordinating the transcription and translation of genes whose products contribute to learning and memory regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bronfman, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moya-Alvarado, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.22.262923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BDNF/TrkB signaling endosomes mediate long-distance dendritic growth by activating CREB/PI3K-mTOR-dependent translation in neuronal cell bodies.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.24.265504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of an N-acetylneuraminic acid-presenting bacteria isolated from a healthy human microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.24.265504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-acetylneuraminic acid is the most abundant sialic acid in humans and is generally expressed as the terminal sugar on intestinal mucus glycans. Several pathogenic bacterial species harvest sialic acid from the mucus, diet, as well as other intestinal sources and display this sugar on their own surface to evade sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (Siglec)-mediated host immune surveillance. While previous studies have identified bacterial enzymes associated with sialic acid catabolism, no reported methods permit the selective labeling, tracking, and quantitation of sialic acid-presenting microbes within complex multi-microbial systems. Here, we apply an interdisciplinary approach combining metabolic labeling, click chemistry, metagenomic, and whole-genome sequencing to selectively track and identify sialic acid-presenting microbes from a cultured healthy human fecal microbiome. We isolated and identified a new strain of Escherichia coli that incorporates sialic acid onto its own surface. Analysis of the sequence data reveals that this E. coli strain encodes for the NanT, NeuA, and NeuS genes necessary for harvesting environmental sialic acid and generating the capsular polysialic acid. We envision that this method is applicable to the detection and quantitation of sialic acid-presenting bacteria from human, animal, and environmental microbiomes, as well as investigating the importance of other carbohydrates to commensal and pathogenic bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuy-Boun, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartabedian, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torkamani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teijaro, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolan, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.24.265504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of an N-acetylneuraminic acid-presenting bacteria isolated from a healthy human microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.267179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterologous expression of cryptomaldamide in a cyanobacterial host 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.267179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Filamentous marine cyanobacteria make a variety of bioactive molecules that are produced by polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, and hybrid pathways that are encoded by large biosynthetic gene clusters. These cyanobacterial natural products represent potential drugs leads; however, thorough pharmacological investigations have been impeded by the limited quantity of compound that is typically available from the native organisms. Additionally, investigations of the biosynthetic gene clusters and enzymatic pathways have been difficult due to the inability to conduct genetic manipulations in the native producers. Here we report a set of genetic tools for the heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters in the cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and Anabaena (Nostoc) PCC 7120. To facilitate the transfer of gene clusters in both strains, we engineered a strain of Anabaena that contains S. elongatus homologous sequences for chromosomal recombination at a neutral site and devised a CRISPR-based strategy to efficiently obtain segregated double recombinant clones of Anabaena. These genetic tools were used to express the large 28.7 kb cryptomaldamide biosynthetic gene cluster from the marine cyanobacterium Moorena (Moorea) producens JHB in both model strains. S. elongatus did not produce cryptomaldamide, however high-titer production of cryptomaldamide was obtained in Anabaena. The methods developed in this study will facilitate the heterologous expression of biosynthetic gene clusters isolated from marine cyanobacteria and complex metagenomic samples.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leao, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simkovsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.26.267179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterologous expression of cryptomaldamide in a cyanobacterial host]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.269282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of Vacuole Morphology by PIEZO Channels in Spreading Earth Moss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.269282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The perception of mechanical force is a fundamental property of most, if not all cells. PIEZO channels are plasma membrane-embedded mechanosensitive calcium channels that play diverse and essential roles in mechanobiological processes in animals1,2. PIEZO channel homologs are found in plants3,4, but their role(s) in the green lineage are almost completely unknown. Plants and animals diverged approximately 1.5 billion years ago, independently evolved multicellularity, and have vastly different cellular mechanics5. Here, we investigate PIEZO channel function in the moss Physcomitrium patens, a representative of one of the first land plant lineages. PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 were redundantly required for normal growth, size, and shape of tip-growing caulonema cells. Both were localized to vacuolar membranes and facilitated the release of calcium into the cytosol in response to hypoosmotic shock. Loss-of-function ({Delta}Pppiezo1/2) and gain-of-function (PpPIEZO2-R2508K and -R2508H) mutants revealed a role for moss PIEZO homologs in regulating vacuole morphology. Our work here shows that plant and animal PIEZO homologs have diverged in both subcellular localization and in function, likely co-opted to serve different needs in each lineage. The plant homologs of PIEZO channels thus provide a compelling lens through which to study plant mechanobiology and the evolution of mechanoperceptive strategies in multicellular eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiner, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bascom, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezanilla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.269282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of Vacuole Morphology by PIEZO Channels in Spreading Earth Moss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.270264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyperbolic geometry of gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.270264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the patterns of gene expression is key to elucidating the differences between cell types and across disease conditions. The overwhelmingly large number of genes involved generally makes this problem intractable. Yet, we find that gene expression patterns in five different data datasets can all be described using a small number of variables. These variables describe differences between cells according to a hyperbolic metric. We reach this conclusion by developing methods that, starting with an initial assumption of a Euclidean geometry, can detect the presence of other geometries in the data. The Euclidean metric is used in most of current studies of gene expression, primarily because it is difficult to use other non-linear metrics in high dimensional spaces. The hyperbolic metric is much more suitable for describing data produced by a hierarchically organized network, which is relevant for many biological processes. We find that the hyperbolic effects, but not the space dimensionality, increase with the number of genes that are taken into account. The hyperbolic curvature was the smallest for mouse embryonic stem cells, stronger for mouse kidney, lung and brain cells, and reached the largest value in a set of human cells integrated from multiple sources. We show that taking into account hyperbolic geometry strongly improves the visualization of gene expression data compared to leading visualization methods. These results demonstrate the advantages of knowing the underlying geometry when analyzing high-dimensional data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.270264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyperbolic geometry of gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.263020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual mechanism of enhancer activation by FOXA pioneer factors induces endodermal organ fates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.263020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
FOXA pioneer transcription factors (TFs) displace nucleosomes and prime chromatin across enhancers of different endodermal organs in multipotent precursors before lineage induction. Here, we examined patterns and mechanisms of FOXA target site engagement using human pluripotent stem cell models of endodermal organ development. Unexpectedly, we find that only a subset of pancreatic, hepatic, and alveolar enhancers are FOXA-primed, whereas the majority are unprimed and engage FOXA only upon lineage induction. Analysis of sequence architecture revealed more abundant and stronger FOXA motifs at primed than unprimed enhancers and enrichment for lineage-specific TF motifs at unprimed enhancers. We show that FOXA recruitment to unprimed enhancers specifically depends on lineage-specific TFs, suggesting that regulatory DNA sequence logic governs temporal FOXA recruitment. Our findings suggest that FOXA-mediated enhancer priming broadly facilitates initiation of organ lineage programs, while secondary FOXA recruitment by lineage-specific TFs to the majority of enhancers confers organ specificity to gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geusz, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinckier, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alysandratos, K.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefalopoulou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotton, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.263020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual mechanism of enhancer activation by FOXA pioneer factors induces endodermal organ fates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.273516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TLR4 signaling and macrophage inflammatory responses are dampened by GIV/Girdin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.273516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensing of pathogens by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) induces an inflammatory response; controlled responses confer immunity but uncontrolled responses cause harm. Here we define how a multi-modular scaffold, GIV (a.k.a Girdin) titrates such inflammatory response in macrophages. Upon challenge with either live microbes or microbe-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS, a ligand for TLR4), macrophages with GIV mount a more tolerant (hypo-reactive) transcriptional response and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways (i.e., NFkB and CREB) downstream of TLR4 compared to their GIV-depleted counterparts. Myeloid-specific gene depletion studies confirmed that the presence of GIV ameliorates DSS-induced colitis and sepsis-induced death. The anti-inflammatory actions of GIV are mediated via its C-terminally located TIR-like BB-loop (TILL)-motif which binds the cytoplasmic TIR-modules of TLR4 in a manner that precludes receptor dimerization; the latter is a pre-requisite for pro-inflammatory signaling. Binding of GIVs TILL motif to other TIR modules inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling via other TLRs, suggesting a convergent paradigm for fine-tuning macrophage inflammatory responses.

SignificanceTo ensure immunity, and yet limit pathology, inflammatory responses must be confined within the proverbial  Goldilocks zone. TLR4 is the prototypical sensor that orchestrates inflammatory responses through a series of well characterized downstream cascades. How TLR4 signals are confined remain incompletely understood. Using trans-scale approaches ranging from disease modeling in live animals, through cell-based interventional studies, to structure-guided biochemical studies that offer an atomic-level resolution, this study unravels the existence of a  brake within the TLR4 signaling cascade, i.e., GIV; the latter is a prototypical member of an emerging class of scaffold proteins. By showing that GIV uses conserved mechanisms to impact multi-TLR signaling, this work unravels a multi-scale point of convergence of immune signaling of broader impact beyond TLR4.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swanson, L. A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pranadinata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chareddy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coates, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.29.273516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TLR4 signaling and macrophage inflammatory responses are dampened by GIV/Girdin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.275867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Identifies Host Factors Essential for Optimal Plasmodium Liver Stage Development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.275867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prior to initiating symptomatic malaria, a single Plasmodium sporozoite infects a hepatocyte and develops into thousands of merozoites, in part by scavenging host resources. We show that host microtubules dynamically reorganize around the developing liver stage (LS) parasite. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified host regulators of cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, ER/Golgi stress and lipid biogenesis that regulate Plasmodium LS development. These novel regulators of infection, including Centromere Protein J (CENPJ), led us to interrogate how microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) are regulated during infection. Foci of {gamma}-tubulin localized to the parasite periphery; depletion of CENPJ exacerbated this re-localization and increased infection. Further, we show that the Golgi acts as a non-centrosomal MTOC by organizing {gamma}-tubulin and stimulating microtubule nucleation at the parasite periphery. Collectively, we show that the Plasmodium LS recruits the host Golgi to form MT mediated conduits along which host organelles are recruited to the PVM, to support liver stage development. Our findings suggest many host-targeted pharmacological inhibitors may inhibit LS infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vijayan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parks, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mast, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglass, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kain, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitchison, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aderem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushansky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.275867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Identifies Host Factors Essential for Optimal Plasmodium Liver Stage Development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.276287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupled Control of Distal Axon Integrity and Somal Responses to Axonal Damage by the Palmitoyl Acyltransferase ZDHHC17 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.276287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After optic nerve crush (ONC), the cell bodies and distal axons of most retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degenerate. RGC somal and distal axon degeneration were previously thought to be controlled by two distinct pathways, involving activation of the kinase DLK and loss of the axon survival factor NMNAT2, respectively. However, we found that mutual palmitoylation by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC17 couples the DLK and NMNAT2 signals, which together form a "trust, but verify system". In healthy optic nerves, ZDHHC17-dependent palmitoylation ensures NMNAT-dependent distal axon integrity, while following ONC, ZDHHC17-dependent palmitoylation is critical for DLK-dependent somal degeneration. We found that ZDHHC17 also controls survival-versus-degeneration decisions in sensory neurons and identified motifs in NMNAT2 and DLK that govern their ZDHHC17-dependent regulation. These findings suggest that the control of somal and distal axon integrity should be considered as a single, holistic process, involving two palmitoylation-dependent pathways acting in concert.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.276287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupled Control of Distal Axon Integrity and Somal Responses to Axonal Damage by the Palmitoyl Acyltransferase ZDHHC17]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.276451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meaningful Effects in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.276451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is the largest single-cohort prospective longitudinal study of neurodevelopment and childrens health in the United States. A cohort of n= 11,880 children aged 9-10 years (and their parents/guardians) were recruited across 22 sites and are being followed with in-person visits on an annual basis for at least 10 years. The study approximates the US population on several key sociodemographic variables, including sex, race, ethnicity, household income, and parental education. Data collected include assessments of health, mental health, substance use, culture and environment and neurocognition, as well as geocoded exposures, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and whole-genome genotyping. Here, we describe the ABCD Study aims and design, as well as issues surrounding estimation of meaningful associations using its data, including population inferences, hypothesis testing, power and precision, control of covariates, interpretation of associations, and recommended best practices for reproducible research, analytical procedures and reporting of results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeringa, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pariyadath, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulus, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.276451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meaningful Effects in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Neuron Phenotype Ontology: A FAIR Approach to Proposing and Classifying Neuronal Types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.278879v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The challenge of defining and cataloging the building blocks of the brain requires a standardized approach to naming neurons and organizing knowledge about their properties. The US Brain Initiative Cell Census Network, Human Cell Atlas, Blue Brain Project, and others are generating vast amounts of data and characterizing large numbers of neurons throughout the nervous system. The neuroscientific literature contains many neuron names (e.g. parvalbumin-positive interneuron or layer 5 pyramidal cell) that are commonly used and generally accepted. However, it is often unclear how such common usage types relate to the many proposed evidence-based types that are based on the results of new techniques. Further, comparing different models across labs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose an interoperable knowledge representation, the Neuron Phenotype Ontology (NPO) that provides a standardized and machine computable approach for naming and normalizing phenotypes in cell types by using community ontology identifiers as a common language. The NPO provides a framework for systematically organizing knowledge about cellular properties and enables interoperability with existing neuron naming schemes. We evaluate the NPO by populating a knowledge base with three independent cortical neuron classifications derived from published data sets that describe neurons according to molecular, morphological, electrophysiological and synaptic properties. Competency queries to this knowledge base demonstrate that this knowledge model enables interoperability between the three test cases and common usage neuron names from the literature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sy, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.278879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Neuron Phenotype Ontology: A FAIR Approach to Proposing and Classifying Neuronal Types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.278663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidating Human Milk Oligosaccharide biosynthetic genes through network-based multi-omics integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.278663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWHuman Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant carbohydrates fundamental to infant health and development. Although these oligosaccharides were discovered more than half a century ago, their biosynthesis in the mammary gland remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we used a systems biology framework that integrated glycan and RNA expression data to construct an HMO biosynthetic network and predict glycosyltransferases involved. To accomplish this, we constructed models describing the most likely pathways for the synthesis of the oligosaccharides accounting for >95% of the HMO content in human milk. Through our models, we propose candidate genes for elongation, branching, fucosylation, and sialylation of HMOs. We further explored selected enzyme activities through kinetic assay and their co-regulation through transcription factor analysis. These results provide the molecular basis of HMO biosynthesis necessary to guide progress in HMO research and application with the ultimate goal of understanding and improving infant health and development.

SO_SCPLOWIGNIFICANCEC_SCPLOWO_SCPCAP C_SCPCAPO_SCPLOWSTATEMENTC_SCPLOWWith the HMO biosynthesis network resolved, we can begin to connect genotypes with milk types and thereby connect clinical infant, child and even adult outcomes to specific HMOs and HMO modifications. Knowledge of these pathways can simplify the work of synthetic reproduction of these HMOs providing a roadmap for improving infant, child, and overall human health with the specific application of a newly limitless source of nutraceuticals for infants and people of all ages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapla, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruntse, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haymond, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.278663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidating Human Milk Oligosaccharide biosynthetic genes through network-based multi-omics integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and developmental disorders share specific disruptive coding mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genes enriched for rare disruptive coding variants in schizophrenia overlap those in which disruptive mutations are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. However, it is unclear whether this implicates the same specific variants, or even variants with the same functional effects on shared risk genes. Here, we show that de novo mutations in schizophrenia are generally of the same functional category as those that confer risk for NDDs, and that the specific de novo mutations in NDDs are enriched in schizophrenia. These findings indicate that, in part, NDDs and schizophrenia have shared molecular aetiology, and therefore likely overlapping pathophysiology. We also observe pleiotropic effects for variants known to be pathogenic for several syndromic developmental disorders, suggesting that schizophrenia should be included among the phenotypes associated with these mutations. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that at least some forms of schizophrenia lie within a continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rees, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creeth, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmans, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.279265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and developmental disorders share specific disruptive coding mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genome-scale metabolic network model synergizes with statistical learning to predict amino acid concentrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.279687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The control of nutrient availability is critical to large-scale manufacturing of biotherapeutics. However, the quantification of proteinogenic amino acids is time-consuming and thus is difficult to implement for real-time in situ bioprocess control. Genome-scale metabolic models describe the metabolic conversion from media nutrients to proliferation and recombinant protein production, and therefore are a promising platform for in silico monitoring and prediction of amino acid concentrations. This potential has not been realized due to unresolved challenges: (1) the models assume an optimal and highly efficient metabolism, and therefore tend to underestimate amino acid consumption, and (2) the models assume a steady state, and therefore have a short forecast range. We address these challenges by integrating machine learning with the metabolic models. Through this we demonstrate accurate and time-course dependent prediction of individual amino acid concentration in culture medium throughout the production process. Thus, these models can be deployed to control nutrient feeding to avoid premature nutrient depletion or provide early predictions of failed bioreactor runs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schinn, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.279687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genome-scale metabolic network model synergizes with statistical learning to predict amino acid concentrations in Chinese Hamster Ovary cell cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.868505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A balance between matrix deformation and the coordination of turning events governs directed neutrophil migration in 3-D matrices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.02.868505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional (3-D) neutrophil migration is essential for immune surveillance and inflammatory responses. During 3-D migration, especially through extravascular spaces, neutrophils rely on frontal protrusions and rear contractions to squeeze and maneuver through extracellular matrices containing narrow pores. However, the role of matrix density and the cells ability to probe and remodel matrix pores during 3-D chemotaxis are far from being understood. We investigated these processes by tracking the trajectories of over 20,000 neutrophils in a 3-D migration device containing collagen matrices of varying concentrations and analyzing the shape of these trajectories at multiple scales. Additionally, we quantified the transient 3-D matrix deformations caused by the migrating cells. The mean pore size of our reconstituted collagen matrices decreased when the collagen concentration ([col]) was increased. In low-[col] matrices, neutrophils exerted large transient deformations and migrated in relatively straight trajectories. In contrast, they were not able to appreciably deform high- [col] matrices and adapted to this inability by turning more often to circumvent these narrow matrix pores. While this adaptation resulted in slower migration, the cells were able to balance the more frequent turning with the long-range directional bias necessary for chemotaxis. Based on our statistical analysis of cell trajectories, we postulate that neutrophils achieve this balance by using matrix obstacles as pivoting points to steer their motion towards the chemoattractant. Inhibiting myosin-II contractility or Arp2/3-mediated pseudopod protrusions not only compromised the cells ability to deform the matrix, but also made them switch to increased turning in more restrictive matrices when compared to untreated control cells. Both myosin-II contractility and Arp2/3-mediated branched polymerization of actin played a role in fast migration, but Arp2/3 was also crucial for neutrophils when coordinating the orientations of successive turns to prevent veering away from the chemotactic path. These results may contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanisms employed by migrating neutrophils in confined 3-D environments, as well as the molecular and environmental regulators for maintaining persistent motion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandasamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meili, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasheras, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.02.868505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A balance between matrix deformation and the coordination of turning events governs directed neutrophil migration in 3-D matrices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A vapor inhalation method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe ongoing crisis related to non-medical use of opioids makes it of continued importance to understand the risk factors for opioid addiction, the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of opioid exposure and to seek potential avenues for therapy. Pre-clinical rodent models have been critical to advancing understanding of opioid consequences for decades, but have been mostly limited to drug delivery by injection or by oral dosing. Inhalation, a significant route for many human users, has not been as well-established.

MethodWe adapted an e-cigarette based exposure system, previously shown efficacious for delivery of other drugs to rats, to deliver heroin vapor. Effects in vivo were assessed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using a warm-water assay for anti-nociception and an implanted radiotelemetry system for evaluating changes in body temperature and spontaneous activity rate.

ResultsInhalation of vapor created by heroin 100 mg/mL in the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle significantly slowed tail-withdrawal from a 52{degrees}C water bath, bi-phasically altered activity, and increased temperature in male and female rats. Inhalation of heroin 50 mg/mL for 15 minutes produced significant effects, as the lower bound on efficacy, whereas inhalation of heroin 100 mg/mL for 30 minutes produced robust effects across all endpoints and groups.

ConclusionsThis work shows that e-cigarette devices deliver psychoactive doses of heroin to rats, using concentrations of [~]50-100 mg/mL and inhalation durations of 15-30 minutes. This technique may be useful to assess the health consequences of inhaled heroin and other opioid drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.03.281857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A vapor inhalation method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.285395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structure, function, and evolution of a complete human chromosome 8 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.285395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complete assembly of each human chromosome is essential for understanding human biology and evolution. Using complementary long-read sequencing technologies, we complete the first linear assembly of a human autosome, chromosome 8. Our assembly resolves the sequence of five previously long-standing gaps, including a 2.08 Mbp centromeric -satellite array, a 644 kbp defensin copy number polymorphism important for disease risk, and an 863 kbp variable number tandem repeat at chromosome 8q21.2 that can function as a neocentromere. We show that the centromeric -satellite array is generally methylated except for a 73 kbp hypomethylated region of diverse higher-order -satellite enriched with CENP-A nucleosomes, consistent with the location of the kinetochore. Using a dual long-read sequencing approach, we complete the assembly of the orthologous chromosome 8 centromeric regions in chimpanzee, orangutan, and macaque for the first time to reconstruct its evolutionary history. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses show that the higher-order -satellite structure evolved specifically in the great ape ancestor, and the centromeric region evolved with a layered symmetry, with more ancient higher-order repeats located at the periphery adjacent to monomeric -satellites. We estimate that the mutation rate of centromeric satellite DNA is accelerated at least 2.2-fold, and this acceleration extends beyond the higher-order -satellite into the flanking sequence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liskovykh, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercuri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dishuck, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porubsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremitzki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves-Lindsay, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekzema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorenson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerton, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larionov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.08.285395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structure, function, and evolution of a complete human chromosome 8]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.273011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protecting synapses from amyloid β-associated degeneration by manipulations of Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.273011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synapse loss is an early event in Alzheimers disease and is thought to be associated with amyloid pathology and caused by Amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) oligomers. Whether and how A{beta} oligomers directly target signaling pathways for glutamatergic synapse maintenance is unknown. Glutamatergic synapse development is controlled by the opposing functions of Celsr3 and Vangl2, core components of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway, functioning directly in the synapses. Celsr3 promotes synapse formation, whereas Vangl2 inhibits synapse formation. Here we show that oligomeric A{beta} binds to Celsr3 and assists Vangl2 in disassembling synapses by disrupting the intercellular Celsr3/Frizzled3-Celsr3 complex, essential for PCP signaling. Together with Vangl2, a Wnt receptor, Ryk, is also required for A{beta} oligomer-induced synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimers disease, 5XFAD, where conditional Ryk knockout protected synapses and preserved cognitive function. Our study reveals a fine balance of Wnt/PCP signaling components in glutamatergic synapse maintenance and suggests that overproduced A{beta} oligomers may lead to excessive synapse loss by tipping this balance. Together with previous reports that an inhibitor of Wnt/Ryk signaling, WIF1, is found reduced in Alzheimers disease patients, our results suggest that the imbalance of PCP signaling in these patients may contribute to synapse loss in Alzheimers disease and manipulating Wnt/PCP signaling may preserve synapses and cognitive function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grewal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.273011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protecting synapses from amyloid β-associated degeneration by manipulations of Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.291724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiac Cell Type-Specific Gene Regulatory Programs and Disease Risk Association 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.291724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCis-regulatory elements such as enhancers and promoters are crucial for directing gene expression in the human heart. Dysregulation of these elements can result in many cardiovascular diseases that are major leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, genetic variants associated with cardiovascular disease risk are enriched within cis-regulatory elements. However, the location and activity of these cis-regulatory elements in individual cardiac cell types remains to be fully defined.

MethodsWe performed single nucleus ATAC-seq and single nucleus RNA-seq to define a comprehensive catalogue of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) and gene expression patterns for the distinct cell types comprising each chamber of four non-failing human hearts. We used this catalogue to computationally deconvolute dynamic enhancers in failing hearts and to assign cardiovascular disease risk variants to cCREs in individual cardiac cell types. Finally, we applied reporter assays, genome editing and electrophysiogical measurements in in vitro differentiated human cardiomyocytes to validate the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease risk variants.

ResultsWe defined >287,000 candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in human hearts at single-cell resolution, which notably revealed gene regulatory programs controlling specific cell types in a cardiac region/structure-dependent manner and during heart failure. We further report enrichment of cardiovascular disease risk variants in cCREs of distinct cardiac cell types, including a strong enrichment of atrial fibrillation variants in cardiomyocyte cCREs, and reveal 38 candidate causal atrial fibrillation variants localized to cardiomyocyte cCREs. Two such risk variants residing within a cardiomyocyte-specific cCRE at the KCNH2/HERG locus resulted in reduced enhancer activity compared to the non-risk allele. Finally, we found that deletion of the cCRE containing these variants decreased KCNH2 expression and prolonged action potential repolarization in an enhancer dosage-dependent manner.

ConclusionsThis comprehensive atlas of human cardiac cCREs provides the foundation for not only illuminating cell type-specific gene regulatory programs controlling human hearts during health and disease, but also interpreting genetic risk loci for a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hocker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.291724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiac Cell Type-Specific Gene Regulatory Programs and Disease Risk Association]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.293977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time structural motif searching in proteins using an inverted index strategy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.293977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biochemical and biological functions of proteins are the product of both the overall fold of the polypeptide chain, and, typically, structural motifs made up of smaller numbers of amino acids constituting a catalytic center or a binding site. Detection of such structural motifs can provide valuable insights into the function(s) of previously uncharacterized proteins. Technically, this remains an extremely challenging problem because of the size of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive. Existing methods depend on a clustering by sequence similarity and can be computationally slow. We have developed a new approach that uses an inverted index strategy capable of analyzing >160,000 PDB structures with unmatched speed. The efficiency of the inverted index method depends critically on identifying the small number of structures containing the query motif and ignoring most of the structures that are irrelevant. Our approach (implemented at motif.rcsb.org) enables real-time retrieval and superposition of structural motifs, either extracted from a reference structure or uploaded by the user. Herein, we describe the method and present five case studies that exemplify its efficacy and speed for analyzing 3D structures of both proteins and nucleic acids.

Author summaryThe Protein Data Bank (PDB) provides open access to more than 160,000 three-dimensional structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and biological complexes. Similarities between PDB structures give valuable functional and evolutionary insights but such resemblance may not be evident at sequence or global structure level. Throughout the database, there are recurring structural motifs - groups of modest numbers of residues in proximity that, for example, support catalytic activity. Identification of common structural motifs can unveil subtle similarities between proteins and serve as fingerprints for configurations such as the His-Asp-Ser catalytic triad found in serine proteases or the zinc coordination site found in Zinc Finger DNA-binding domains. We present a highly efficient yet flexible strategy that allows users for the first time to search for arbitrary structural motifs across the entire PDB archive in real-time. Our approach scales favorably with the increasing number and complexity of deposited structures, and, also, has the potential to be adapted for other applications in a macromolecular context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittrich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burley, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.293977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time structural motif searching in proteins using an inverted index strategy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing Mitochondrial Maintenance in Extended Neuronal Projections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons rely on localized mitochondria to fulfill spatially heterogeneous metabolic demands. Mitochondrial aging occurs on timescales shorter than the neuronal lifespan, necessitating transport of fresh material from the soma. Maintaining an optimal distribution of healthy mitochondria requires an interplay between a stationary pool localized to sites of high metabolic demand and a motile pool capable of delivering new material. Interchange between these pools can occur via transient fusion / fission events or by halting and restarting entire mitochondria. Our quantitative model of neuronal mitostasis identifies key parameters that govern steady-state mitochondrial health at discrete locations. Very infrequent exchange between stationary and motile pools optimizes this system. Exchange via transient fusion allows for robust maintenance, which can be further improved by selective recycling through mitophagy. These results provide a framework for quantifying how perturbations in organelle transport and interactions affect mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons, a key aspect underlying many neurodegenerative disorders.

Author summaryNeurons contain long projections termed axons and dendrites and a small central body that is responsible for much of cellular biosynthesis. Mitochondria, the energy hubs of a cell, are synthesized in the soma and actively transported to distant sites of high energy demand. Given the extreme distances between these sites and the soma, maintaining distal mitochondrial health poses a substantial challenge. Defects in mitochondrial transport and maintenance are associated with several neurological disorders.

Fortunately, mitochondria stationed at distant sites can be  serviced by passing mitochondria that emerge from the soma and move around the neuron, as well as through low levels of local protein synthesis. We develop mathematical models for two strategies of mitochondrial maintenance: one with direct protein exchange between moving and stationary mitochondria ( Space Station) and the other with moving mitchondria occasionally replacing stationary ones at the demand sites ( Changing of the Guard). We find that only a few servicing events and a small motile pool form optimal conditions for maintaining mitochondrial health. The system can be improved further by selectively removing and recycling some unhealthy mitochondria. Our results are consistent with observations of mitochondrial behavior in neurons and form a basis for future quantitative study of mitochondrial maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.294207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing Mitochondrial Maintenance in Extended Neuronal Projections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.292391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context influences how individuals with misophonia respond to sounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.292391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Misophonia is a newly researched condition in which specific sounds cause an intense, aversive response in individuals, characterized by negative emotions and autonomic arousal. Although virtually any sound can become a misophonic "trigger," the most common sounds appear to be bodily sounds related to chewing and eating as well as other repetitive sounds. An intriguing aspect of misophonia is the fact that many misophonic individuals report that they are triggered more, or even only, by sounds produced by specific individuals, and less, or not at all, by sounds produced by animals (although there are always exceptions).

In general, anecdotal evidence suggests that misophonic triggers involve a combination of sound stimuli and contextual cues. The aversive stimulus is more than just a sound and can be thought of as a Gestalt of features which includes sound as a necessary component as well as additional contextual information. In this study, we explore how contextual information influences misophonic responses to human chewing, as well as sonically similar sounds produced by non-human sources. The current study revealed that the exact same sound can be perceived as being much more or less aversive depending on the contextual information presented alongside the auditory information. The results of this study provide a foundation for potential cognitive based therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edelstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouw, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.12.292391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context influences how individuals with misophonia respond to sounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.294827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the postsynaptic calcium-mediated energy homeostasis through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites using systems modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.12.294827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal compartmentation of calcium dynamics is critical for neuronal function, particularly in post-synaptic spines. This exquisite level of Ca2+ compartmentalization is achieved through the storage and release of Ca2+ from various intracellular organelles particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria. Mitochondria and ER are established storage organelles controlling Ca2+ dynamics in neurons. Mitochondria also generate a majority of energy used within postsynaptic spines to support the downstream events associated with neuronal stimulus. Recently, high resolution microscopy has unveiled direct contact sites between the ER and the mitochondria, which directly channel Ca2+ release from the ER into the mitochondrial membrane. In this study, we develop a computational 3D reaction-diffusion model to investigate the role of MERCs in regulating Ca2+ and ATP dynamics. This spatiotemporal model accounts for Ca2+ oscillations initiated by glutamate stimulus of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors and Ca2+ changes in four different compartments: cytosol, ER, mitochondria, and the MERC microdomain. Our simulations predict that the organization of these organelles and differential distribution of key Ca2+ channels such as IP3 receptor and ryanodine receptor modulate Ca2+ dynamics in response to different stimuli. We further show that the crosstalk between geometry (mitochondria and MERC) and metabolic parameters (cytosolic ATP hydrolysis, ATP generation) influences the cellular energy state. Our findings shed light on the importance of organelle interactions in predicting Ca2+ dynamics in synaptic signaling. Overall, our model predicts that a combination of MERC linkage and mitochondria size is necessary for optimal ATP production in the cytosol.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leung, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohadi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.12.294827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the postsynaptic calcium-mediated energy homeostasis through mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites using systems modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.276923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-dependent regulation of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry genes and cell death programs correlates with COVID-19 disease severity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.276923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) maintains cardiovascular and renal homeostasis but also serves as the entry receptor for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1. COVID-19 disease severity, while highly variable, is typically lower in pediatric patients than adults (particularly the elderly), but increased rates of hospitalizations requiring intensive care are observed in infants than in older children. The reasons for these differences are unknown. To detect potential age-based correlates of disease severity, we measured ACE2 protein expression at the single cell level in human lung tissue specimens from over 100 donors from [~]4 months to 75 years of age. We found that expression of ACE2 in distal lung epithelial cells generally increases with advancing age but exhibits extreme intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity. Notably, we also detected ACE2 expression on neonatal airway epithelial cells and within the lung parenchyma. Similar patterns were found at the transcript level: ACE2 mRNA is expressed in the lung and trachea shortly after birth, downregulated during childhood, and again expressed at high levels in late adulthood in alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, we find that apoptosis, which is a natural host defense system against viral infection, is also dynamically regulated during lung maturation, resulting in periods of heightened apoptotic priming and dependence on pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins including MCL-1. Infection of human lung cells with SARS-CoV-2 triggers an unfolded protein stress response and upregulation of the endogenous MCL-1 inhibitor Noxa; in juveniles, MCL-1 inhibition is sufficient to trigger apoptosis in lung epithelial cells - this may limit virion production and inflammatory signaling. Overall, we identify strong and distinct correlates of COVID-19 disease severity across lifespan and advance our understanding of the regulation of ACE2 and cell death programs in the mammalian lung. Furthermore, our work provides the framework for potential translation of apoptosis modulating drugs as novel treatments for COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Inde, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yapp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spetz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deskin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghelfi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodhi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobzik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brownfield, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarosiek, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.13.276923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-dependent regulation of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry genes and cell death programs correlates with COVID-19 disease severity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.16.300459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The flexibility of ACE2 in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.16.300459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic has swept over the world in the past months, causing significant loss of life and consequences to human health. Although numerous drug and vaccine developments efforts are underway, many questions remain outstanding on the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 viral association to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), its main host receptor, and entry in the cell. Structural and biophysical studies indicate some degree of flexibility in the viral extracellular Spike glycoprotein and at the receptor binding domain-receptor interface, suggesting a role in infection. Here, we perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the glycosylated, full-length membrane-bound ACE2 receptor, in both an apo and spike receptor binding domain (RBD) bound state, in order to probe the intrinsic dynamics of the ACE2 receptor in the context of the cell surface. A large degree of fluctuation in the full length structure is observed, indicating hinge bending motions at the linker region connecting the head to the transmembrane helix, while still not disrupting the ACE2 homodimer or ACE2-RBD interfaces. This flexibility translates into an ensemble of ACE2 homodimer conformations that could sterically accommodate binding of the spike trimer to more than one ACE2 homodimer, and suggests a mechanical contribution of the host receptor towards the large spike conformational changes required for cell fusion. This work presents further structural and functional insights into the role of ACE2 in viral infection that can be exploited for the rational design of effective SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.

Statement of SignificanceAs the host receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 has been the subject of extensive structural and antibody design efforts in aims to curtail COVID-19 spread. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of the homodimer ACE2 full-length structure to study the dynamics of this protein in the context of the cellular membrane. The simulations evidence exceptional plasticity in the protein structure due to flexible hinge motions in the head-transmembrane domain linker region and helix mobility in the membrane, resulting in a varied ensemble of conformations distinct from the experimental structures. Our findings suggest a dynamical contribution of ACE2 to the spike glycoprotein shedding required for infection, and contribute to the question of stoichiometry of the Spike-ACE2 complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barros, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaieb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dommer, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raguette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belfon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmerling, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.16.300459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The flexibility of ACE2 in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.302505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable Models of Antibody Evolution and Benchmarking of Clonal Tree Reconstruction Methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.302505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWAffinity maturation (AM) of antibodies through somatic hypermutations (SHMs) enables the immune system to evolve to recognize diverse pathogens. The accumulation of SHMs leads to the formation of clonal trees of antibodies produced by B cells that have evolved from a common naive B cell. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled deep scans of antibody repertoires, paving the way for reconstructing clonal trees. However, it is not clear if clonal trees, which capture micro-evolutionary time scales, can be reconstructed using traditional phylogenetic reconstruction methods with adequate accuracy. In fact, several clonal tree reconstruction methods have been developed to fix supposed shortcomings of phylogenetic methods. Nevertheless, no consensus has been reached regarding the relative accuracy of these methods, partially because evaluation is challenging. Benchmarking the performance of existing methods and developing better methods would both benefit from realistic models of clonal tree evolution specifically designed for emulating B cell evolution. In this paper, we propose a model for modeling B cell clonal tree evolution and use this model to benchmark several existing clonal tree reconstruction methods. Our model, designed to be extensible, has several features: by evolving the clonal tree and sequences simultaneously, it allows modelling selective pressure due to changes in affinity binding; it enables scalable simulations of millions of cells; it enables several rounds of infection by an evolving pathogen; and, it models building of memory. In addition, we also suggest a set of metrics for comparing clonal trees and for measuring their properties. Our benchmarking results show that while maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction methods can fail to capture key features of clonal tree expansion if applied naively, a very simple postprocessing of their results, where super short branches are contracted, leads to inferences that are better than alternative methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.302505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable Models of Antibody Evolution and Benchmarking of Clonal Tree Reconstruction Methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromogranin A regulates gut permeability via the antagonistic actions of its proteolytic peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimA  leaky gut barrier has been implicated in the initiation and progression of a multitude of diseases, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and colorectal cancers. Here we show how pro-hormone Chromogranin A (CgA), produced by the enteroendocrine cells, and Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372), the most abundant CgA-derived proteolytic peptide, affect the gut barrier.

MethodsColon tissues from region-specific CST-knockout (CST-KO) mice, CgA-knockout (CgA-KO) and WT mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural and flowcytometry studies. FITC-dextran assays were used to measure intestinal barrier function. Mice were supplemented with CST or CgA fragment pancreastatin (PST: CgA250-301). The microbial composition of cecum was determined. CgA and CST levels were measured in blood of IBD patients.

ResultsCST-KO mice displayed (i) elongated tight, adherens junctions and desmosomes similar to IBD patients, and (ii) gut inflammation. Consistently, plasma FITC-dextran measurements showed increased intestinal paracellular permeability in the CST-knockout mice. This correlated with a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, a dysbiotic pattern commonly encountered in various diseases. Supplementation of CST-knockout mice with recombinant CST restored paracellular permeability and reversed inflammation, whereas CgA-knockout mice supplementation with CST and/or PST in CgA-KO mice showed that intestinal paracellular permeability is regulated by the antagonistic roles of these two peptides: CST reduces and PST increases permeability.

ConclusionThe pro-hormone CgA regulates the intestinal paracellular permeability. CST is both necessary and sufficient to reduce permeability and primarily acts via antagonizing the effects of PST.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muntjewerff, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoffersson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolasen, M. J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beest, M. t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Aidy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldenburg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bogaart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.19.304303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromogranin A regulates gut permeability via the antagonistic actions of its proteolytic peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.305698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-guided discovery of the invariant host response to viral pandemics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.305698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We sought to define the host immune response, a.k.a, the "cytokine storm" that has been implicated in fatal COVID-19 using an AI-based approach. Over 45,000 transcriptomic datasets of viral pandemics were analyzed to extract a 166-gene signature using ACE2 as a  seed gene; ACE2 was rationalized because it encodes the receptor that facilitates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) into host cells. Surprisingly, this 166-gene signature was conserved in all viral pandemics, including COVID-19, and a subset of 20-genes classified disease severity, inspiring the nomenclatures ViP and severe-ViP signatures, respectively. The ViP signatures pinpointed a paradoxical phenomenon wherein lung epithelial and myeloid cells mount an IL15 cytokine storm, and epithelial and NK cell senescence and apoptosis determines severity/fatality. Precise therapeutic goals were formulated and subsequently validated in high-dose SARS-CoV-2-challenged hamsters using neutralizing antibodies that abrogate SARS-CoV-2*ACE2 engagement or a directly acting antiviral agent, EIDD-2801. IL15/IL15RA were elevated in the lungs of patients with fatal disease, and plasma levels of the cytokine tracked with disease severity. Thus, the ViP signatures provide a quantitative and qualitative framework for titrating the immune response in viral pandemics and may serve as a powerful unbiased tool to rapidly assess disease severity and vet candidate drugs.

One Sentence SummaryThe host immune response in COVID-19.

PANEL: RESEARCH IN CONTEXTO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has inspired many groups to find innovative methodologies that can help us understand the host immune response to the virus; unchecked proportions of such immune response have been implicated in fatality. We searched GEO and ArrayExpress that provided many publicly available gene expression data that objectively measure the host immune response in diverse conditions. However, challenges remain in identifying a set of host response events that are common to every condition. There are no studies that provide a reproducible assessment of prognosticators of disease severity, the host response, and therapeutic goals. Consequently, therapeutic trials for COVID-19 have seen many more  misses than  hits. This work used multiple (> 45,000) gene expression datasets from GEO and ArrayExpress and analyzed them using an unbiased computational approach that relies upon fundamentals of gene expression patterns and mathematical precision when assessing them.

Added value of this studyThis work identifies a signature that is surprisingly conserved in all viral pandemics, including Covid-19, inspiring the nomenclature ViP-signature. A subset of 20-genes classified disease severity in respiratory pandemics. The ViP signatures pinpointed the nature and source of the  cytokine storm mounted by the host. They also helped formulate precise therapeutic goals and rationalized the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs.

Implications of all the available evidenceThe ViP signatures provide a quantitative and qualitative framework for assessing the immune response in viral pandemics when creating pre-clinical models; they serve as a powerful unbiased tool to rapidly assess disease severity and vet candidate drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandelwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behroozikhah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claire, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pretorius, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.21.305698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-guided discovery of the invariant host response to viral pandemics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid changes in chromatin structure during dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary hepatocytes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to screen drug candidates for hepatotoxicity, but isolated hepatocytes quickly dedifferentiate and lose their mature metabolic function in culture. Attempts have been made to better recapitulate the in vivo liver environment in culture, but the full spectrum of signals required to maintain hepatocyte function in vitro remains elusive. Here we studied the dedifferentiation process in detail through RNA-sequencing of hepatocytes cultured over eight days. We identified three distinct phases of dedifferentiation. An early phase, where mature hepatocyte genes are rapidly downregulated in a matter of hours. A middle phase, where fetal genes are activated, leading to hepatocytes with a fetal phenotype. A late phase, where initially rare contaminating non-parenchymal cells over-grow the culture as the hepatocytes gradually die. Using genetically tagged hepatocytes, we demonstrate that the cells reactivating fetal marker alpha-fetoprotein arise from cells previously expressing the mature hepatocyte marker albumin, and not from albumin negative precursor cells, proving that hepatocytes undergo true dedifferentiation. To better understand the signaling events that result in the rapid down-regulation of mature hepatocyte genes, we examined changes in chromatin accessibility of hepatocytes during the first 24h of culture using ATAC-seq. We find that drastic and rapid changes in chromatin accessibility occurs immediately upon start of culture. Using binding motif analysis of the areas of open chromatin sharing similar temporal profiles, we identify several candidate transcription factors potentially involved in the dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in culture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seirup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.21.307363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid changes in chromatin structure during dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinical interpretation of integrative molecular profiles to guide precision cancer medicine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual tumor molecular profiling is routinely used to detect single gene-variant ("first-order") genomic alterations that may inform therapeutic actions -- for instance, a tumor with a BRAF p.V600E variant might be considered for RAF/MEK inhibitor therapy. Interactions between such first-order events (e.g., somatic-germline) and global molecular features (e.g. mutational signatures) are increasingly associated with clinical outcomes, but these "second order" alterations are not yet generally accounted for in clinical interpretation algorithms and knowledge bases. Here, we introduce the Molecular Oncology Almanac (MOAlmanac), a clinical interpretation algorithm paired with a novel underlying knowledge base to enable integrative interpretation of genomic and transcriptional cancer data for point-of-care treatment decision-making and translational hypothesis generation. We compared MOAlmanac to first-order interpretation methodology in multiple retrospective patient cohorts and observed that the inclusion of preclinical and inferential evidence as well as second-order molecular features increased the number of nominated clinical hypotheses. MOAlmanac also performed matchmaking between patient molecular profiles and cancer cell lines to further expand individualized clinical actionability. When applied to a prospective precision oncology trial cohort, MOAlmanac nominated a median of two therapies per patient and identified therapeutic strategies administered in 46% of patient profiles. Overall, we present a novel computational method to perform integrative clinical interpretation of individualized molecular profiles. MOAlmanc increases clinical actionability over conventional approaches by considering second-order molecular features and additional evidence sources, and is available as an open-source framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reardon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kofman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldubayan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmarakeby, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imamovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamran, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keenan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keliher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konieczkowski, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouw, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vokes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietlein, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Allen, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinical interpretation of integrative molecular profiles to guide precision cancer medicine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-reactive serum and memory B cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pre-existing immune responses to seasonal endemic coronaviruses could have profound consequences for antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, either induced in natural infection or through vaccination. Such consequences are well established in the influenza and flavivirus fields. A first step to establish whether pre-existing responses can impact SARS-CoV-2 infection is to understand the nature and extent of cross-reactivity in humans to coronaviruses. We compared serum antibody and memory B cell responses to coronavirus spike (S) proteins from pre-pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors using a series of binding and functional assays. We found weak evidence of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive serum antibodies in pre-pandemic donors. However, we found stronger evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells that were activated on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from the donors showed varying degrees of cross-reactivity with betacoronaviruses, including SARS and endemic coronaviruses. None of the cross-reactive mAbs were neutralizing except for one that targeted the S2 subunit of the S protein. The results suggest that pre-existing immunity to endemic coronaviruses should be considered in evaluating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, W.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzanello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricketts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignacio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemazee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-reactive serum and memory B cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.313254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impacted Spike Frequency Adaptation Associated with Reduction of KCNQ2/3 Promotes Seizure Activity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.313254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although numerous epilepsy-related genes have been identified by unbiased genome-wide screening based on samples from both animal models and patients, the druggable targets for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are still limited. Meanwhile, a large number of candidate genes that might promote or inhibit seizure activities are waiting for further validation. In this study, we first analyzed two public databases and determined the significant down-regulations of two M-type potassium channel genes (KCNQ2/3) expressions in hippocampus samples from TLE patients. Then we reproduced the similar pathological changes in the pilocarpine mouse model of TLE and further detected the decrease of spike frequency adaptation driven by impacted M-currents on dentate gyrus granule neurons. Finally, we employed a small-scale simulation of dentate gyrus network to investigate potential functional consequences of disrupted neuronal excitability. We demonstrated that the impacted spike frequency adaptation of granule cells facilitated the epileptiform activity among the entire network, including prolonged seizure duration and reduced interictal intervals. Our results identify a new mechanism contributing to ictogenesis in TLE and suggest a novel target for the anti-epileptic drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rong, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, W. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.313254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impacted Spike Frequency Adaptation Associated with Reduction of KCNQ2/3 Promotes Seizure Activity in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.27.316117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue topography steers migrating Drosophila border cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.27.316117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Moving cells can sense and respond to physical features of the microenvironment, however in vivo the significance of tissue topography is mostly unknown. Here we use the Drosophila border cells, an established model for in vivo cell migration, to study how chemical and physical information influence migration path selection. Live imaging, genetics, modeling, and simulations show that, although chemical cues were thought to be sufficient, microtopography is also important. Chemoattractants promote predominantly posterior movement, whereas tissue architecture presents orthogonal information, a path of least resistance concentrated near the center of the egg chamber. E-cadherin supplies a permissive haptotactic cue. Our results provide insight into how cells integrate and prioritize topographical, adhesive, and chemoattractant cues to choose one path amongst many.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campanale, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montell, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrous, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streichan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.27.316117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue topography steers migrating Drosophila border cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of Modularity, Interactome and Functions of GIV/Girdin (CCDC88A) from Invertebrates to Vertebrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PDZ domains are one of the most abundant protein domains in eukaryotes and frequently found on junction-localized scaffold proteins. Various signaling molecules bind to PDZ proteins via PDZ-binding motifs (PBM) and finetune cellular signaling. Here we describe the presence of a PBM on GIV/Girdin (CCDC88A) that is conserved throughout evolution, from invertebrates to vertebrates, and is generated as a long isoform-variant in humans, which we named GIV-L. Unlike GIV, which lacks PBM and is cytosolic, GIV-L localizes to the cell junctions, and has a unique PDZ-interactome, which impacts GIV-Ls ability to bind and activate trimeric G-protein, Gi through its guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM) module; the GEM module is found exclusively in vertebrates. Thus, the two functional modules in GIV evolved sequentially: the ability to bind PDZ proteins via the PBM evolved earlier in invertebrates, whereas G-protein binding and activation may have evolved later only among vertebrates. Phenotypic studies in Caco-2 cells revealed that GIV and GIV-L may have antagonistic effects on cell growth, proliferation (cell cycle), and survival. Immunohistochemical analyses in human colon tissues showed that GIV expression increases with a concomitant decrease in GIV-L during cancer initiation. Taken together, these findings reveal how GIV/CCDC88A in humans displays evolutionary flexibility in modularity, which allows the resultant isoforms to play opposing roles either as a tumor suppressor (GIV-L) or as an oncogene (GIV).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Abd El-Hafeez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapakse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandelwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCaffrey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.317172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of Modularity, Interactome and Functions of GIV/Girdin (CCDC88A) from Invertebrates to Vertebrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.319566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Restriction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.319566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A deficient interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been implicated as a determinant of severe COVID-19. To identify the molecular effectors that govern interferon control of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a large-scale gain-of-function analysis that evaluated the impact of human interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) on viral replication. A limited subset of ISGs were found to control viral infection, including endosomal factors that inhibited viral entry, nucleic acid binding proteins that suppressed viral RNA synthesis, and a highly enriched cluster of ER and Golgi-resident ISGs that inhibited viral translation and egress. These included the type II integral membrane protein BST2/tetherin, which was found to impede viral release, and is targeted for immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Orf7a protein. Overall, these data define the molecular basis of early innate immune control of viral infection, which will facilitate the understanding of host determinants that impact disease severity and offer potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin-Sancho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewinski, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YIN, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jesus, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gounder, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oom, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miorin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Frandsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultquist, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.319566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Cellular Restriction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.321729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
History-driven modulations of population codes in early visual cortex during visual search 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.321729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To find important objects, we must focus on our goals, ignore distractions, and take our changing environment into account. This is formalized in models of visual search whereby goal-driven, stimulus-driven and history-driven factors are integrated into a priority map that guides attention. Stimulus history robustly influences where attention is allocated even when the physical stimulus is the same: when a salient distractor is repeated over time, it captures attention less effectively. A key open question is how we come to ignore salient distractors when they are repeated. Goal-driven accounts propose that we use an active, expectation-driven mechanism to attenuate the distractor signal (e.g., predictive coding), whereas stimulus-driven accounts propose that the distractor signal is attenuated due to passive changes to neural activity and inter-item competition (e.g., adaptation). To test these competing accounts, we measured item-specific fMRI responses in human visual cortex during a visual search task where trial history was manipulated (colors unpredictably switched or were repeated). Consistent with a stimulus-driven account of history-based distractor suppression, we found that repeated singleton distractors were suppressed starting in V1, and distractor suppression did not increase in later visual areas. In contrast, we observed signatures of goal-driven target enhancement that were absent in V1, increased across visual areas, and were not modulated by stimulus history. Our data suggest that stimulus history does not alter goal-driven expectations, but rather modulates canonically stimulus-driven sensory responses to contribute to a temporally-integrated representation of priority.

Significance StatementVisual search refers to our ability to find what we are looking for in a cluttered visual world (e.g., finding your keys). To perform visual search, we must integrate information about our goals (e.g.,  find the red key-chain), the environment (e.g., salient items capture your attention), and changes to the environment (i.e., stimulus history). Although stimulus history impacts behavior, the neural mechanisms that mediate history-driven effects remain debated. Here, we leveraged fMRI and multivariate analysis techniques to measure history-driven changes to the neural representation of items during visual search. We found that stimulus history influenced the representation of a salient  pop-out distractor starting in V1, suggesting that stimulus history operates via modulations in early sensory processing rather than goal-driven expectations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam, K. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.321729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[History-driven modulations of population codes in early visual cortex during visual search]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.322701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut metabolites are more predictive of disease- and cohoused- states than gut bacterial features in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.322701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts [~]10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. In addition to infertility, women with PCOS suffer from metabolic dysregulation which increases their risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Studies have shown differences in the gut microbiome of women with PCOS compared to controls, a pattern replicated in mouse models. Recently, using a letrozole-induced mouse model of PCOS, we demonstrated that cohousing was protective against development of metabolic and reproductive phenotypes and showed via 16S amplicon sequencing that this protection correlated with time-dependent shifts in gut bacteria. Here, we applied untargeted metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics approaches to further analyze the longitudinal samples from the cohousing experiment. Analysis of beta diversity found that untargeted metabolites had the strongest correlation to both disease and cohoused states and that shifts in metabolite diversity were detected prior to shifts in bacterial diversity. In addition, log2-fold analyses found numerous metabolite features, particularly bile acids (BA), to be highly differentiated between placebo (P) and letrozole (LET), as well as cohoused LET versus LET. Our results indicate that changes in gut metabolites, particularly BAs, are associated with a PCOS-like phenotype in the LET mouse model as well as the protective effect of cohousing. Our results also suggest that transfer of metabolites via coprophagy occurs rapidly and may precipitate changes in bacterial diversity. This study joins a growing body of research highlighting changes in primary and secondary bile acids that may provide a link between host metabolism and gut microbes relevant to the pathology of PCOS.

IMPORTANCEUsing a combination of untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics, we performed a comparative longitudinal analysis of the feces collected in a cohousing study with a PCOS mouse model. Our results showed that gut metabolite composition experienced earlier and more pronounced differentiation in both the disease model and cohoused mice compared with the microbial composition. Notably, statistical and machine learning approaches identified shifts in the relative abundance of primary and secondary BA, which have been implicated as modifiers of gut microbial growth and diversity. Network correlation analysis showed strong associations between particular BA and bacterial species, particularly members of Lactobacillus, and that these correlations were time and treatment dependent. Our results provide novel insights into host/microbe relationships related to hyperandrogenism in females and indicate that focused research into small molecule control of gut microbial diversity and host physiology may provide new therapeutic options for the treatment of PCOS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryback, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.01.322701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut metabolites are more predictive of disease- and cohoused- states than gut bacterial features in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular Anatomy of the Mouse Primary Motor Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An essential step toward understanding brain function is to establish a cellular-resolution structural framework upon which multi-scale and multi-modal information spanning molecules, cells, circuits and systems can be integrated and interpreted. Here, through a collaborative effort from the Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN), we derive a comprehensive cell type-based description of one brain structure - the primary motor cortex upper limb area (MOp-ul) of the mouse. Applying state-of-the-art labeling, imaging, computational, and neuroinformatics tools, we delineated the MOp-ul within the Mouse Brain 3D Common Coordinate Framework (CCF). We defined over two dozen MOp-ul projection neuron (PN) types by their anterograde targets; the spatial distribution of their somata defines 11 cortical sublayers, a significant refinement of the classic notion of cortical laminar organization. We further combine multiple complementary tracing methods (classic tract tracing, cell type-based anterograde, retrograde, and transsynaptic viral tracing, high-throughput BARseq, and complete single cell reconstruction) to systematically chart cell type-based MOp input-output streams. As PNs link distant brain regions at synapses as well as host cellular gene expression, our construction of a PN type resolution MOp-ul wiring diagram will facilitate an integrated analysis of motor control circuitry across the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This work further provides a roadmap towards a cellular resolution description of mammalian brain architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zingg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matho, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirokawa, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korobkova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bienkowski, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chon, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attili, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bludova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Orazi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elowsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbavy, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groblewski, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatfield, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hintiryan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesnar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrachi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nae</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.323154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular Anatomy of the Mouse Primary Motor Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multiscale Coarse-grained Model of the SARS-CoV-2 Virion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.323915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Computer simulations of complete viral particles can provide theoretical insights into large-scale viral processes including assembly, budding, egress, entry, and fusion. Detailed atomistic simulations, however, are constrained to shorter timescales and require billion-atom simulations for these processes. Here, we report the current status and on-going development of a largely "bottom-up" coarse-grained (CG) model of the SARS-CoV-2 virion. Structural data from a combination of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), x-ray crystallography, and computational predictions were used to build molecular models of structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which were then assembled into a complete virion model. We describe how CG molecular interactions can be derived from all-atom simulations, how viral behavior difficult to capture in atomistic simulations can be incorporated into the CG models, and how the CG models can be iteratively improved as new data becomes publicly available. Our initial CG model and the detailed methods presented are intended to serve as a resource for researchers working on COVID-19 who are interested in performing multiscale simulations of the SARS-CoV-2 virion.

Significance StatementThis study reports the construction of a molecular model for the SARS-CoV-2 virion and details our multiscale approach towards model refinement. The resulting model and methods can be applied to and enable the simulation of SARS-CoV-2 virions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monje-Galvan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaieb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dommer, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voth, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.323915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multiscale Coarse-grained Model of the SARS-CoV-2 Virion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.324343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking ensemble docking methods as a scientific outreach project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.02.324343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of new drugs is a time consuming and expensive process. Methods such as virtual screening, which can filter out ineffective compounds from drug libraries prior to expensive experimental study, have become popular research topics. As the computational drug discovery community has grown, in order to benchmark the various advances in methodology, organizations such as the Drug Design Data Resource have begun hosting blinded grand challenges seeking to identify the best methods for ligand pose-prediction, ligand affinity ranking, and free energy calculations. Such open challenges offer a unique opportunity for researchers to partner with junior students (e.g., high school and undergraduate) to validate basic yet fundamental hypotheses considered to be uninteresting to domain experts. Here, we, a group of high school-aged students and their mentors, present the results of our participation in Grand Challenge 4 where we predicted ligand affinity rankings for the Cathepsin S protease, an important protein target for autoimmune diseases. To investigate the effect of incorporating receptor dynamics on ligand affinity rankings, we employed the Relaxed Complex Scheme, a molecular docking method paired with molecular dynamics-generated receptor conformations. We found that CatS is a difficult target for molecular docking and we explore some advanced methods such as distance-restrained docking to try to improve the correlation with experiments. This project has exemplified the capabilities of high school students when supported with a rigorous curriculum, and demonstrates the value of community-driven competitions for beginners in computational drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagger, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.02.324343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking ensemble docking methods as a scientific outreach project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.315820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell data and correlation analysis support the independent double adder model in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.315820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The reference point for cell-size control in the cell cycle is a fundamental biological question. We previously reported that we were unable to reproduce the conclusions of Witz et al.s eLife paper (Witz, van Nimwegen, and Julou 2019) entitled, "Initiation of chromosome replication controls both division and replication cycles in E. coli through a double-adder mechanism", despite extensive efforts. In this  replication double adder (RDA) model, both replication and division cycles are determined via replication initiation as the sole implementation point of size control. Witz et al. justified the RDA model using a type of correlation analysis (the "I-value analysis") that they developed. By contrast, we previously showed that, in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, replication initiation and cell division are determined by balanced biosynthesis of key cell cycle proteins (e.g., DnaA for initiation and FtsZ for cell division) and their accumulation to their respective threshold numbers, which Witz et al. coined the  independent double adder (IDA) model. The adder phenotype is a natural quantitative consequence of these mechanistic principles. In a recent bioRxiv response to our report, Witz and colleagues explicitly confirmed two important limitations of the I-value analysis: (1) it is only applicable to non-overlapping cell cycles, wherein E. coli is known to deviate from the adder principle, and (2) it is only applicable to select biological models and, for example, cannot evaluate the IDA model. These limitations of the I-value analysis were not explained in the original eLife paper and were overlooked during the review process. In this report, we show using data analysis, mathematical modeling, and experiments why the I-value analysis - in its current implementation - cannot compare different biological models. Furthermore, the RDA model is incompatible with the adder principle and is not broadly supported by experimental data. For completeness, we also provide a detailed point-by-point response to Witz et al.s response (Witz, Julou, and van Nimwegen 2020) in the Supplemental Information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le Treut, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.315820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell data and correlation analysis support the independent double adder model in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EMPress enables tree-guided, interactive, and exploratory analyses of multi-omic datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Standard workflows for analyzing microbiomes often include the creation and curation of phylogenetic trees. Here we present EMPress, an interactive tool for visualizing trees in the context of microbiome, metabolome, etc. community data scalable beyond modern large datasets like the Earth Microbiome Project. EMPress provides novel functionality--including ordination integration and animations--alongside many standard tree visualization features, and thus simplifies exploratory analyses of many forms of  omic data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cantrell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedarko, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaw, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiminen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayyari, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matteson, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>martino, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrieri, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PARIDA, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.327080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EMPress enables tree-guided, interactive, and exploratory analyses of multi-omic datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.328740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polo-like kinase 1 independently controls microtubule-nucleating capacity and size of the centrosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.328740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrosomes are composed of a centriolar core surrounded by a pericentriolar material (PCM) matrix that docks microtubule-nucleating {gamma}-tubulin complexes. During mitotic entry, the PCM matrix increases in size and nucleating capacity in a process called centrosome maturation. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) localizes to centrosomes and phosphorylates PCM matrix proteins to drive their self-assembly, which leads to PCM expansion; this expansion has been assumed to passively increase microtubule nucleation to support spindle assembly. Here, we show that PLK1 directly controls the generation of binding sites for {gamma}-tubulin complexes on the PCM matrix, independently of PCM expansion. Selective inhibition of PLK1-dependent {gamma}-tubulin docking leads to spindle defects and impaired chromosome segregation, without affecting PCM expansion, highlighting the importance of phospho-regulated centrosomal {gamma}-tubulin docking sites in spindle assembly. Inhibiting both {gamma}-tubulin docking and PCM expansion by mutating substrate target sites fully accounts for the actions of PLK-1 in transforming the centrosome during mitotic entry.

Summary StatementPolo-like kinase 1-mediated physical expansion of centrosomes during mitotic entry is proposed to passively increase their microtubule nucleating capacity. Ohta et al. show instead that generation of microtubule-nucleating sites is directly controlled by Polo-like kinase 1, independently of centrosome size.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ohta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Cavazos, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.07.328740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polo-like kinase 1 independently controls microtubule-nucleating capacity and size of the centrosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.332510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unbiased identification of nanoparticle cell uptake mechanism via a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.332510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major bottleneck in nanocarrier and macromolecule development for therapeutic delivery is our limited understanding of the processes involved in their uptake into target cells. This includes their active interactions with membrane transporters that co-ordinate cellular uptake and processing. Current strategies to elucidate the mechanism of uptake, such as painstaking manipulation of individual effectors with pharmacological inhibitors or specific genetic knockdowns, are limited in scope and biased towards previously studied pathways or the intuition of the investigators. Furthermore, each of these approaches present significant off-target effects, clouding the outcomes. We set out to develop and examine an unbiased whole-genome screening approach using pooled CRISPR/Cas9 libraries for its ability to provide a robust and rapid approach to identify novel effectors of material uptake. Enabling this, we developed a methodology termed fast-library of inserts (FLI)-seq for library preparation and quantitative readout of pooled screens that shows improved technical reproducibility and is easier to perform than existing methods. In this proof-of-concept study we use FLI-seq to identify a solute carrier protein family member, SLC18B1, as a transporter for polymeric micellar nanoparticles, confirming the viability for this approach to yield novel insights into uptake mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnhill, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelles, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byeon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, Y. C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianneschi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.332510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unbiased identification of nanoparticle cell uptake mechanism via a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.332940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of MAP3K DLK and LZK in Purkinje Cells Causes Rapid and Slow Degeneration Depending on Signaling Strength 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.332940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conserved MAP3K Dual leucine zipper kinases can activate JNK via MKK4 or MKK7. Vertebrate DLK and LZK share similar biochemical activities and undergo auto-activation upon increased expression. Depending on cell-type and nature of insults DLK and LZK can induce pro-regenerative, pro-apoptotic or pro-degenerative responses, although the mechanistic basis of their action is not well understood. Here, we investigated these two MAP3Ks in cerebellar Purkinje cells using loss- and gain-of function mouse models. While loss of each or both kinases does not cause discernible defects in Purkinje cells, activating DLK causes rapid death and activating LZK leads to slow degeneration. Each kinase induces JNK activation and caspase-mediated apoptosis independent of each other. Significantly, deleting CELF2, which regulates alternative splicing of Mkk7, strongly attenuates Purkinje cell degeneration induced by activation of LZK, but not DLK. Thus, controlling the activity levels of DLK and LZK is critical for neuronal survival and health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinke, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.332940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of MAP3K DLK and LZK in Purkinje Cells Causes Rapid and Slow Degeneration Depending on Signaling Strength]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.333815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fetal innate immunity contributes to the induction of atypical behaviors in a mouse model of maternal immune activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.333815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maternal immune activation (MIA) increases likelihood of altered neurodevelopmental outcomes. Maternal cytokines are proposed to affect fetal brain development in mice; however, the contribution of fetal immunity to neurodevelopmental disorders is largely unexplored. Here, we show that MIA mediated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), but not other TLRs, induces a specific set of behavioral phenotypes including decreased sociability and increased restricted repetitive behavior in offspring. Accordingly, these behavioral phenotypes were absent when offspring were deficient for Trif, the downstream adapter molecule of TLR3. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified clusters of border-associated macrophages that were significantly enriched in the fetal brain following TLR3-MIA, and these clusters were diminished in Trif-/- fetal brains.Moreover, we found that triggering TLR3-TRIF in offspring can occur through transplacental viral infection, resulting in altered behavioral phenotypes. Collectively, our data indicate that fetal innate immunity contributes to MIA-induced atypical behaviors in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nichols, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiger, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coscoy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saijo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.333815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fetal innate immunity contributes to the induction of atypical behaviors in a mouse model of maternal immune activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.334045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Chinese hamster transcription start site atlas that enables targeted editing of CHO cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.334045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with their human-compatible glycosylation and high protein titers, are the most widely used cells for producing biopharmaceuticals. Engineering gene expression in CHO is key to improving drug quality and affordability. However, engineering gene expression or activating silent genes requires accurate annotation of the underlying regulatory elements and transcription start sites (TSSs). Unfortunately, most TSSs in the Chinese hamster genome were computationally predicted and are frequently inaccurate. Here, we revised TSS annotations for 15,308 Chinese hamster genes and 4,478 non-coding RNAs based on experimental data from CHO-K1 cells and 10 hamster tissues. The experimental realignment and discovery of TSSs now expose previously hidden motifs, such as the TATA box. We further demonstrate, by targeting the glycosyltransferase gene Mgat3, how accurate annotations readily facilitate activating silent genes by CRISPRa to obtain more human-like glycosylation. Together, we envision our annotation and data will provide a rich resource for the CHO community, improve genome engineering efforts and aid comparative and evolutionary studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duttke, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>la Cour Karottki, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kildegaard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.334045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Chinese hamster transcription start site atlas that enables targeted editing of CHO cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.12.330522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant Epithelial Differentiation Contributes to Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.12.330522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsCongenital Tufting Enteropathy (CTE) is an intractable diarrheal disease of infancy caused by mutation of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). The cellular and molecular basis of CTE pathology has been elusive. We hypothesized that the loss of EpCAM in CTE results in altered lineage differentiation and defects in absorptive enterocytes thereby contributing to CTE pathogenesis.

MethodsIntestine from CTE mice was evaluated for specific markers by RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunostaining. Body weight, blood glucose and intestinal enzyme activity were also investigated. A CTE enteroid model was used to assess whether the decreased census of secretory cells could be rescued.

ResultsCTE mice exhibited alterations in brush-border function, disaccharidase activity and glucose absorption, potentially contributing to nutrient malabsorption and impaired weight gain. Altered cell differentiation in CTE mice led to decreased secretory cells and increased numbers of absorptive cells, though the absorptive enterocytes lacked key features, causing brush border malfunction. Further, treatment with Notch signaling inhibitor, DAPT, increased the numbers of major secretory cell types in CTE enteroids (Graphical abstract 1).

ConclusionsAlterations in intestinal epithelial cell differentiation in CTE mice favor an increase in absorptive cells at the expense of secretory cells. Although the proportion of absorptive enterocytes is increased, they lack key functional properties. We conclude that these effects underlie pathogenic features of CTE such as malabsorption and diarrhea, and ultimately the failure to thrive seen in patients. The ability of DAPT to reverse aberrant differentiation suggests a possible therapeutic strategy.

SynopsisA murine model of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy exhibits altered intestinal cell differentiation, leading to increased absorptive and decreased secretory cells, which can be reversed with DAPT. Absorptive enterocytes in these mice are also dysfunctional, contributing to disease pathogenesis.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=196 SRC="FIGDIR/small/330522v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6700d7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6855b9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d41207org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1eb9f05_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Das, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabalais, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivagnanam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.12.330522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant Epithelial Differentiation Contributes to Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.338210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-modal orienting of exogenous attention results in visual-cortical facilitation, not suppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.338210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Attention may be oriented exogenously (i.e., involuntarily) to the location of salient stimuli, resulting in improved perception. However, it is unknown whether exogenous attention improves perception by facilitating processing of attended information, suppressing processing of unattended information, or both. To test this question, we measured behavioral performance and cue-elicited neural changes in the electroencephalogram as participants (N = 19) performed a task in which a spatially non-predictive auditory cue preceded a visual target. Critically, this cue was either presented at a peripheral target location or from the center of the screen, allowing us to isolate spatially specific attentional activity. We find that both behavior and attention-mediated changes in visual-cortical activity are enhanced at the location of a cue prior to the onset of a target, but that behavior and neural activity at an unattended target location are equivalent to that following a central cue that does not direct attention (i.e., baseline). These results suggest that exogenous attention operates solely via facilitation of information at an attended location.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keefe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoermer, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.13.338210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-modal orienting of exogenous attention results in visual-cortical facilitation, not suppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.338699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted millisecond-scale activation of cells using non-invasive Sonogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.338699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultrasound has been used to non-invasively manipulate neuronal functions in humans and other animals1-4. However, this approach is limited as it has been challenging to target specific cells within the brain or body5-8. Here, we identify human Transient Receptor Potential A1 (hsTRPA1) as a candidate that confers ultrasound sensitivity to mammalian cells. Ultrasound-evoked gating of hsTRPA1 specifically requires its N-terminal tip region and cholesterol interactions; and target cells with an intact actin cytoskeleton, revealing elements of the sonogenetic mechanism. Next, we use calcium imaging and electrophysiology to show that hsTRPA1 potentiates ultrasound-evoked responses in primary neurons. Furthermore, unilateral expression of hsTRPA1 in mouse layer V motor cortical neurons leads to c-fos expression and contralateral limb responses in response to ultrasound delivered through an intact skull. Collectively, we demonstrate that hsTRPA1-based sonogenetics can effectively manipulate neurons within the intact mammalian brain, a method that could be used across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duque, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee-Kubli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tufail, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magaram, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edsinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.338699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted millisecond-scale activation of cells using non-invasive Sonogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal stability of human sperm mosaic mutations results in life-long threat of transmission to offspring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.339796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Every newborn harbors scores of new single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that may impact health and disease1-4; the majority of these are contributed by the paternal germ cells5. In some cases, these mutations are identifiable in a subset of the parents cells--a phenomenon called mosaicism, which is capable of producing disease recurrence6-8. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of male gonadal mosaic mutations, employing 300x whole genome sequencing (WGS) of blood and sperm in 17 healthy individuals, including assessment across multiple samples and age groups. Approximately 1 in 15 healthy males is predicted to harbor a transmissible, likely pathogenic exonic variant that is mosaic in his sperm. In general, only a third of sperm mosaic mutations were detectable in blood cells, all were remarkably stable over the course of months to years, and 23% were present in 5% or more of sperm cells. There was no evidence of age-dependent clonal expansion or collapse, as seen in hematopoiesis. Thus, despite the observed increase of mutations in offspring of men with advanced paternal age, detectable sperm mosaicism remains stable, represents a life-long transmission risk to offspring, and suggests a testis stem cell niche that prevents widespread clonality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy-Venneri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nahas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Der Kraan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.339796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal stability of human sperm mosaic mutations results in life-long threat of transmission to offspring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.343426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse viral proteases activate the NLRP1 inflammasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.343426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NLRP1 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that is a potent activator of inflammation. Mouse NLRP1B can be activated through proteolytic cleavage by the bacterial Lethal Toxin (LeTx) protease, resulting in degradation of the N-terminal domains of NLRP1B and liberation of the bioactive C-terminal domain, which includes the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD). However, a natural pathogen-derived effector that can activate human NLRP1 remains unknown. Here, we use an evolutionary model to identify several proteases from diverse picornaviruses that cleave human NLRP1 within a rapidly evolving region of the protein, leading to host-specific and virus-specific activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome. Our work demonstrates that NLRP1 acts as a "tripwire" to recognize the enzymatic function of a wide range of viral proteases, and suggests that host mimicry of viral polyprotein cleavage sites can be an evolutionary strategy to activate a robust inflammatory immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsu, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beierschmitt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.343426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse viral proteases activate the NLRP1 inflammasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.343129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.343129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the generation of a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex (MOp or M1) as the initial product of the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN). This was achieved by coordinated large-scale analyses of single-cell transcriptomes, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylomes, spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes, morphological and electrophysiological properties, and cellular resolution input-output mapping, integrated through cross-modal computational analysis. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge and understanding of brain cell type organization: First, our study reveals a unified molecular genetic landscape of cortical cell types that congruently integrates their transcriptome, open chromatin and DNA methylation maps. Second, cross-species analysis achieves a unified taxonomy of transcriptomic types and their hierarchical organization that are conserved from mouse to marmoset and human. Third, cross-modal analysis provides compelling evidence for the epigenomic, transcriptomic, and gene regulatory basis of neuronal phenotypes such as their physiological and anatomical properties, demonstrating the biological validity and genomic underpinning of neuron types and subtypes. Fourth, in situ single-cell transcriptomics provides a spatially-resolved cell type atlas of the motor cortex. Fifth, integrated transcriptomic, epigenomic and anatomical analyses reveal the correspondence between neural circuits and transcriptomic cell types. We further present an extensive genetic toolset for targeting and fate mapping glutamatergic projection neuron types toward linking their developmental trajectory to their circuit function. Together, our results establish a unified and mechanistic framework of neuronal cell type organization that integrates multi-layered molecular genetic and spatial information with multi-faceted phenotypic properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascoli, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bateup, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berens, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernabucci, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernaerts, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertagnolli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biancalani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggeman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booeshaghi, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadwell, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chance, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colantuoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabtree, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creasy, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cric</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.343129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.344077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive deletion landscape of CRISPR-Cas9 identifies minimal RNA-guided DNA-binding modules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.344077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins evolve through the modular rearrangement of elements known as domains. It is hypothesized that extant, multidomain proteins are the result of domain accretion, but there has been limited experimental validation of this idea. Here, we introduce a technique for genetic minimization by iterative size-exclusion and recombination (MISER) that comprehensively assays all possible deletions of a protein. Using MISER, we generated a deletion landscape for the CRISPR protein Cas9. We found that Cas9 can tolerate large single deletions to the REC2, REC3, HNH, and RuvC domains, while still functioning in vitro and in vivo, and that these deletions can be stacked together to engineer minimal, DNA-binding effector proteins. In total, our results demonstrate that extant proteins retain significant modularity from the accretion process and, as genetic size is a major limitation for viral delivery systems, establish a general technique to improve genome editing and gene therapy-based therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakes, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukarska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staahl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.344077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive deletion landscape of CRISPR-Cas9 identifies minimal RNA-guided DNA-binding modules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Markov State Models and NMR Uncover an Overlooked Allosteric Loop in p53 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer, and thus reactivation of mutated p53 is a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Analysis of wildtype p53 and the Y220C cancer mutant long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations with Markov state models and validation by NMR relaxation studies has uncovered the involvement of loop L6 in the slowest motions of the protein. Due to its distant location from the DNA-binding surface, the conformational dynamics of this loop has so far remained largely unexplored. We observe mutation-induced stabilization of alternate L6 conformations, distinct from all experimentally-determined structures, in which the loop is both extended and located further away from the DNA-interacting surface. Additionally, the effect of the L6-adjacent Y220C mutation on the conformational landscape of the functionally-important loop L1 suggests an allosteric role to this dynamic loop and the inactivation mechanism of the mutation. Finally, the simulations reveal a novel Y220C cryptic pocket that can be targeted for p53 rescue efforts. Our approach exemplifies the power of the MSM methodology for uncovering intrinsic dynamic and kinetic differences among distinct protein ensembles, such as for the investigation of mutation effects on protein function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barros, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cocco, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Markov State Models and NMR Uncover an Overlooked Allosteric Loop in p53]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking changes in behavioural dynamics using prediction error 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Automated analysis of video can now generate extensive time series of pose and motion in freely-moving organisms. This requires new quantitative tools to characterize behavioural dynamics. For the model roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, body pose can be accurately quantified from video as coordinates in a single low-dimensional space. We focus on this well-established case as an illustrative example and propose a method to reveal subtle variations in behaviour at high time resolution. Our data-driven method, based on empirical dynamic modeling, quantifies behavioural change as prediction error with respect to a time-delay-embedded  attractor of behavioural dynamics. Because this attractor is constructed from a user-specified reference data set, the approach can be tailored to specific behaviours of interest at the individual or group level. We validate the approach by detecting small changes in the movement dynamics of C. elegans at the initiation and completion of delta turns. We then examine an escape response initiated by an aversive stimulus and find that the method can track return to baseline behaviour in individual worms and reveal variations in the escape response between worms. We suggest that this general approach - defining dynamic behaviours using reference attractors and quantifying dynamic changes using prediction error - may be of broad interest and relevance to behavioural researchers working with video-derived time series.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorimer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodridge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saberski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugihara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking changes in behavioural dynamics using prediction error]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346189v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Connectome Fingerprinting Using Shallow Feedforward Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346189v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although individual subjects can be identified with high accuracy using correlation matrices computed from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data, the performance significantly degrades as the scan duration is decreased. Recurrent neural networks can achieve high accuracy with short duration (72s) data segments but are designed to use temporal features not present in the correlation matrices. Here we show that shallow feedforward neural networks that rely solely on the information in rsfMRI correlation matrices can achieve state-of-the-art identification accuracies ([&ge;] 99.5%) with data segments as short as 20s and across a range of input data-size combinations when the total number of data points (# regions x # time points) is on the order of 10,000.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346189</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Connectome Fingerprinting Using Shallow Feedforward Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.340364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher-order hub cells involved in feedforward motifs as critical factors in epileptic network instability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.340364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurological and psychiatric disorders are associated with pathological neural dynamics. The fundamental connectivity patterns of cell-cell communication networks that enable pathological dynamics to emerge remain unknown. We studied epileptic circuits using a newly developed integrated computational pipeline applied to cellular resolution functional imaging data. Control and preseizure neural dynamics in larval zebrafish and in chronically epileptic mice were captured using large-scale cellular-resolution calcium imaging. Biologically constrained effective connectivity modeling extracted the underlying cell-cell communication network. Novel analysis of the higher-order network structure revealed the existence of  superhub cells that are unusually richly connected to the rest of the network through feedforward motifs. Instability in epileptic networks was causally linked to superhubs whose involvement in feedforward motifs critically enhanced downstream excitation. Disconnecting individual superhubs was significantly more effective in stabilizing epileptic networks compared to disconnecting hub cells defined traditionally by connection count. Collectively, these results predict a new, maximally selective and minimally invasive cellular target for seizure control.

HighlightsO_LIHigher-order connectivity patterns of large-scale neuronal communication networks were studied in zebrafish and mice
C_LIO_LIControl and epileptic networks were modeled from in vivo cellular resolution calcium imaging data
C_LIO_LIRare  superhub cells unusually richly connected to the rest of the network through higher-order feedforward motifs were identified
C_LIO_LIDisconnecting single superhub neurons more effectively stabilized epileptic networks than targeting conventional hub cells defined by high connection count.
C_LIO_LIThese data predict a maximally selective novel single cell target for minimally invasive seizure control
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadjiabadi, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovett-Barron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raikov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baraban, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leskovec, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Losonczy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deisseroth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltesz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.340364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher-order hub cells involved in feedforward motifs as critical factors in epileptic network instability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.336578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The E3 ligase TRIM1 ubiquitinates LRRK2 and controls its localization, degradation, and toxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.336578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Missense mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinsons Disease (PD); however, pathways regulating LRRK2 subcellular localization, function, and turnover are not fully defined. We performed quantitative mass spectrometry-based interactome studies to identify 48 novel LRRK2 interactors, including the microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM1 (Tripartite Motif Family 1). TRIM1 recruits LRRK2 to the microtubule cytoskeleton for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by binding LRRK2911-920, a nine amino acid segment within a flexible interdomain region (LRRK2853-981), which we designate the "Regulatory Loop" (RL). Phosphorylation of LRRK2 Ser910/Ser935 within LRRK2 RL serves as a molecular switch controlling LRRK2s association with cytoplasmic 14-3-3 versus microtubule-bound TRIM1. Association with TRIM1 modulates LRRK2s interaction with Rab29 and prevents upregulation of LRRK2 kinase activity by Rab29 in an E3-ligase-dependent manner. Finally, TRIM1 rescues neurite outgrowth deficits caused by PD-driving mutant LRRK2 G2019S. Our data suggest that TRIM1 is a critical regulator of LRRK2, controlling its degradation, localization, binding partners, kinase activity, and cytotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stormo, A. E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FitzGibbon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shavarebi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earley, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lum, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verschueren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swaney, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skibinski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravisankar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Haren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Dollen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirescu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iaccarino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauer, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finkbeiner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakes, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiniker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.336578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The E3 ligase TRIM1 ubiquitinates LRRK2 and controls its localization, degradation, and toxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.347534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cysteine protease inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection of human and monkey cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.347534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
K777 is a di-peptide analog that contains an electrophilic vinyl-sulfone moiety and is a potent, covalent inactivator of cathepsins. Vero E6, HeLa/ACE2, Caco-2, A549/ACE2, and Calu-3, cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and then treated with K777. K777 reduced viral infectivity with EC50 values of inhibition of viral infection of: 74 nM for Vero E6, <80 nM for A549/ACE2, and 4 nM for HeLa/ACE2 cells. In contrast, Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells had EC50 values in the low micromolar range. No toxicity of K777 was observed for any of the host cells at 10-100 M inhibitor. K777 did not inhibit activity of the papain-like cysteine protease and 3CL cysteine protease, encoded by SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations of [&le;] 100 M. These results suggested that K777 exerts its potent anti-viral activity by inactivation of mammalian cysteine proteases which are essential to viral infectivity. Using a propargyl derivative of K777 as an activity-based probe, K777 selectively targeted cathepsin B and cathepsin L in Vero E6 cells. However only cathepsin L cleaved the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and K777 blocked this proteolysis. The site of spike protein cleavage by cathepsin L was in the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2, differing from the cleavage site observed in the SARS CoV-1 spike protein. These data support the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of K777 is mediated through inhibition of the activity of host cathepsin L and subsequent loss of viral spike protein processing.

SIGNIFICANCEThe virus causing COVID-19 is highly infectious and has resulted in a global pandemic. We confirm that a cysteine protease inhibitor, approved by the FDA as a clinical-stage compound, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of several human and monkey cell lines with notable(nanomolar) efficacy. The mechanism of action of this inhibitor is identified as a specific inhibition of host cell cathepsin L. This in turn inhibits host cell processing of the coronaviral spike protein, a step required for cell entry. Neither of the coronaviral proteases are inhibited, and the cleavage site of spike protein processing is different from that reported in other coronaviruses. Hypotheses to explain the differential activity of the inhibitor with different cell types are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mellott, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drelich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenna, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kostomiris, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katzfuss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardini, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirata, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berreta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maneval, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frueh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurst, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocurek, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raushel, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meek, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.347534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cysteine protease inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection of human and monkey cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.354282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep spindles coordinate corticostriatal reactivations during the emergence of automaticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.354282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasticity within the corticostriatal network is known to regulate the balance between behavioral flexibility and automaticity. Repeated training of an action has been shown to bias behavior towards automaticity, suggesting that training may trigger activity-dependent corticostriatal plasticity. However, surprisingly little is known about the natural activity patterns that may drive plasticity or when they occur during long-term training. Here we chronically monitored neural activity from primary motor cortex (M1) and the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) during both training and offline periods, i.e., time away from training including sleep, throughout the development of an automatic reaching action. We first show that blocking striatal NMDA receptors during offline periods prevents the emergence of behavioral consistency, a hallmark of automaticity. We then show that, throughout the development of an automatic reaching action, corticostriatal functional connectivity increases during offline periods. Such increases track the emergence of consistent behavior and predictable cross-area neural dynamics. We then identify sleep spindles during non-REM sleep (NREM) as uniquely poised to mediate corticostriatal plasticity during offline periods. We show that sleep spindles are periods of maximal corticostriatal transmission within offline periods, that sleep spindles in post-training NREM reactivate neurons across areas, and that sleep-spindle modulation in post-training NREM is linked to observable changes in spiking relationships between individual pairs of M1 and DLS neurons. Our results indicate that offline periods, in general, and sleep spindles, specifically, play an important role in regulating behavioral flexibility through corticostriatal network plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemke, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darevsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egert, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.25.354282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep spindles coordinate corticostriatal reactivations during the emergence of automaticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.356436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epitranscriptomic editing of the RNA N6-methyladenosine modification by dCasRx conjugated methyltransferase and demethylase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.356436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common modification on endogenous RNA transcripts in mammalian cells. Currently, the lack of precise single-nucleotide RNA modification tools makes it challenging to understand the relationship between site-specific RNA methylation and the corresponding phenotypic outcomes. Here, we developed a bidirectional dCasRx epitranscriptome editing platform composed of a nucleus-localized dCasRx conjugated with either a methyltransferase, METTL3, or a demethylase, ALKBH5, to manipulate methylation events at targeted m6A sites in HEK293T and glioma stem cells. This platform specifically and efficiently edited m6A modifications at targeted sites, modulating both gene expression and cell proliferation. We then employed the dCasRx epitranscriptomic editor to further elucidate the molecular function of m6A-binding proteins YTH (DF1, DF2, DF3) family and found that the YTH paralogs act together to mediate RNA degradation. These findings collectively demonstrate that the dCasRx epitranscriptome perturbation platform reported in this study can be employed as site-specific m6A editors for delineating the functional roles of individual m6A modifications in the mammalian epitranscriptome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimple, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prager, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.356436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epitranscriptomic editing of the RNA N6-methyladenosine modification by dCasRx conjugated methyltransferase and demethylase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.356766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BrainGENIE: The Brain Gene Expression and Network Imputation Engine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.356766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vivo experimental analysis of human brain tissue poses substantial challenges and ethical concerns. We developed a novel method called the Brain Gene Expression and Network Imputation Engine (BrainGENIE) that uses peripheral-blood transcriptomes to predict brain-tissue-specific gene-expression levels. BrainGENIE reliably predicted brain-tissue-specific expression levels for 1,733 - 11,569 genes (false-discovery rate-adjusted p<0.05), including many transcripts that cannot be predicted reliably by a transcriptome imputation method such as PrediXcan. We tested the generalizability of BrainGENIE in external within-individual data from ex vivo peripheral blood and postmortem brain samples from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project, wherein we validated 39% of predicted gene expression levels as concordant with observed expression levels in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and 23% in caudate. BrainGENIE recapitulated diagnosis-related gene expression changes in brain better than direct correlations from blood and predictions from PrediXcan. BrainGENIE complements and, in some ways, outperforms existing transcriptome-imputation tools, providing biologically meaningful predictions and opening new research avenues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hess, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuropsychiatric Consortium for Analysis and Sharing of Transcriptomes,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.356766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BrainGENIE: The Brain Gene Expression and Network Imputation Engine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.358390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards Biophysically-Based Neuromorphic Computing at Scale: Markov Abstractions of Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion in Synaptic Transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.358390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progress in computational neuroscience towards understanding brain function is challenged both by the complexity of molecular-scale electrochemical interactions at the level of individual neurons and synapses and the dimensionality of network dynamics across the brain covering a vast range of spatial and temporal scales. Our work abstracts an existing highly detailed, biophysically realistic 3D reaction-diffusion model of a chemical synapse to a compact internal state space representation that maps onto parallel neuromorphic hardware for efficient emulation at a very large scale and offers near-equivalence in input-output dynamics while preserving biologically interpretable tunable parameters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauwenberghs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.358390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards Biophysically-Based Neuromorphic Computing at Scale: Markov Abstractions of Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion in Synaptic Transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.363481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin reduces hyperglycemia in insulin-resistant mice by redirecting glucose-6-phosphate from the gluconeogenic to the glycogenic pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.363481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimDefects in hepatic glycogen synthesis contribute to postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. Chromogranin A (CgA) peptide Catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) has been shown to improve glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant mice. Here, we seek to determine whether CST also reduces hyperglycemia by increasing hepatic glycogen synthesis.

MethodsWe determined liver glycogen, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG), and glycogen synthase (GYS2) activities; plasma insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) levels in fed and fasted liver of lean and obese mice as well as in CST knockout (CST-KO) mice after treatments with saline, CST, or insulin. We also determined glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis in primary hepatocytes. In addition, we analyzed phosphorylation signals of Insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1), GYS2, glycogen synthase kinase-3{beta} (GSK-3{beta}), AKT (an enzyme in AKR mouse that produces Thymoma)/PKB (protein kinase B) and mTOR (mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin) by immunoblotting.

ResultsCST stimulated glycogen accumulation in fed and fasted liver and in primary hepatocytes. CST reduced plasma NE and EPI levels, suggesting that CST promotes glycogenesis by inhibiting catecholamine-induced glycogenolysis. CST also directly stimulated glycogenesis and inhibited NE and EPI-induced glycogenolysis in hepatocytes. CST elevated the levels of UDPG and increased GYS2 activity, thus redirecting G6P to the glycogenic pathway. CST-KO mice had decreased liver glycogen that was restored by treatment with CST, reinforcing the crucial role of CST in hepatic glycogenesis. CST can improve insulin signals downstream of insulin receptor IR and IRS-1 by enhancing phospho-AKT signals through stimulation of PDK-1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2) activities.

ConclusionsWe conclude that CST directly promotes the glycogenic pathway and reduces plasma glucose levels in insulin-resistant mice by (i) reducing glucose production, (ii) increasing glycogen synthesis from UDPG, and (iii) reducing glycogenolysis. This is achieved by enhancing downstream insulin signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bogaart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.363481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin reduces hyperglycemia in insulin-resistant mice by redirecting glucose-6-phosphate from the gluconeogenic to the glycogenic pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.362780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Associations between Early Midlife Lifestyle Behaviors, Young Adult Cognitive Reserve and Advanced Predicted Brain Age in Late Midlife 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.362780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceBoth cognitive reserve and modifiable lifestyle behaviors are associated with dementia risk. The effect of early lifestyle behaviors and cognitive reserve on late midlife brain aging could inform early identification and risk reduction of future dementia.

ObjectiveDetermine associations of young adult cognitive reserve, early midlife lifestyle behaviors, and the reserve-by-lifestyle interaction on late midlife brain age. Examine the relationship between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and brain age.

DesignParticipants were from the nationally representative Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). Cognitive reserve was assessed at median age 20 years (IQR=1.38) with the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). Lifestyle behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, and social engagement) were assessed at median age 41 (IQR=5.00). Structural brain imaging conducted at median age 69 (IQR=4.74) was used to construct predicted brain age difference scores (PBAD=chronological age minus predicted brain age) and MCI was ascertained.

SettingIn-person cognitive testing (ages 20 and 69); mailed survey (age 41); structural MRI, MCI diagnosis at University of California, San Diego (age 69).

Participants431 community-dwelling men.

ExposuresAFQT; self-reported health and lifestyle behaviors.

Main outcomes and measuresPBAD scores; MCI.

ResultsIn fully adjusted mixed linear models, age 20 cognitive reserve and the age 41 lifestyle composite were associated with age 69 PBAD [t (104)=2.62, p=0.01, 95%CI 0.874, 6.285; t (104)=3.37, p=0.001, 95%CI 0.583, 2.249 respectively] as was the reserve-by-lifestyle interaction [t (104) = -2.29, p=0.02, 95%CI -2.330, -0.167]. Unfavorable lifestyle predicted more advanced brain age, but only for those with lower young adult cognitive reserve. The MCI group had more advanced brain age (F (2,130) = 3.13; p=0.05).

Conclusions and relevanceFavorable lifestyle behaviors promoted resistance to accelerated brain aging 3 decades later for those with lower young adult cognitive reserve. High reserve appeared to be protective regardless of lifestyle. The association with MCI suggests that advanced PBAD scores reflect poorer brain integrity, although it is unclear if PBAD is related to Alzheimers dementia specifically. Lower cognitive reserve increases risk for dementia, but early lifestyle modification may promote healthier brain aging and dementia risk reduction, particularly in those with lower reserve.

Study TypeCohort Study

Key PointsO_ST_ABSQuestionC_ST_ABSDo modifiable lifestyle behaviors in early midlife predict later accelerated brain aging and is that association moderated by cognitive reserve?

FindingsA lifestyle composite of smoking, alcohol consumption and social engagement at age 41 was associated with estimated brain age in late midlife. There was a significant moderation effect whereby more unfavorable lifestyle behaviors predicted more advanced brain aging, but only in those with low-to-moderate cognitive reserve.

MeaningFavorable lifestyle behaviors appear to be protective for brain integrity especially among those with lower cognitive reserve. Early midlife efforts at prevention could be prioritized among those with lower cognitive reserve.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsel, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puckett, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyler, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennema-Notestine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauger, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson-Cimino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toomey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.362780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Associations between Early Midlife Lifestyle Behaviors, Young Adult Cognitive Reserve and Advanced Predicted Brain Age in Late Midlife]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms underlying divergent responses of genetically distinct macrophages to IL-4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms by which non-coding genetic variation influences gene expression remain only partially understood but are considered to be major determinants of phenotypic diversity and disease risk. Here, we evaluated effects of >50 million SNPs and InDels provided by five inbred strains of mice on the responses of macrophages to interleukin 4 (IL-4), a cytokine that plays pleiotropic roles in immunity and tissue homeostasis. Remarkably, of >600 genes induced >2-fold by IL-4 across the five strains, only 26 genes reached this threshold in all strains. By applying deep learning and motif mutation analyses to epigenetic data for macrophages from each strain, we identified the dominant combinations of lineage determining and signal-dependent transcription factors driving late enhancer activation. These studies further revealed mechanisms by which non-coding genetic variation influences absolute levels of enhancer activity and their dynamic responses to IL-4, thereby contributing to strain-differential patterns of gene expression and phenotypic diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoeksema, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtman, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.365742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms underlying divergent responses of genetically distinct macrophages to IL-4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synergistic Coding of Human Odorants in the Mosquito Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti employs olfaction to locate humans. We applied neural activity mapping to define the molecular and cellular logic of how the mosquito brain is wired to detect two human odorants that are attractive when blended together. We determined that the human breath volatile carbon dioxide (CO2) is detected by the largest unit of olfactory coding in the antennal lobe of the mosquito brain. Synergistically, CO2 detection gates pre-synaptic calcium signaling in olfactory sensory neuron axon terminals that innervate unique antennal lobe regions tuned to the human sweat odorant L-(+)-lactic acid. We propose that simultaneous detection of the signature human volatiles CO2 and L-(+)-lactic acid disinhibits a multimodal olfactory network for hunting humans in the mosquito brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauxe, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spikol, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraldo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMeniman, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.365916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synergistic Coding of Human Odorants in the Mosquito Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elemental Mapping of Labeled Biological Specimens at Intermediate Energy Loss in an Energy-Filtered TEM acquired using a Direct Detection Device 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The multi-color or single-color EM that was developed previously, by the pseudo-colored overlay of the core-loss or high-loss EFTEM elemental map/s of the lanthanide onto the conventional image, the lanthanide chelates conjugated to diaminobenzidine being sequentially deposited as a result of selective oxidization by orthogonal photosensitizers / peroxidases. The synthesis of the new second generation lanthanide DABs, which contains 4 times more lanthanide per DAB, gives significant signal amplification and enabling collection of elemental maps at much lower energy-loss regions more favorable. Under the same experimental conditions, acquiring EFTEM elemental maps for the lanthanides at the lower energy-loss of N4,5 edge instead of the core-loss M4,5 edge, provides ~4x increase in signal-to-noise and ~2x increase in resolution. The higher signal at the N4,5 edge, also allows for more sophisticated technique of EFTEM spectrum Image for the acquisition of elemental maps with very high signal fidelity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramachandra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peltier, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Huu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.365940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elemental Mapping of Labeled Biological Specimens at Intermediate Energy Loss in an Energy-Filtered TEM acquired using a Direct Detection Device]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.03.365932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein Structural Alignments From Sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.03.365932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computing sequence similarity is a fundamental task in biology, with alignment forming the basis for the annotation of genes and genomes and providing the core data structures for evolutionary analysis. Standard approaches are a mainstay of modern molecular biology and rely on variations of edit distance to obtain explicit alignments between pairs of biological sequences. However, sequence alignment algorithms struggle with remote homology tasks and cannot identify similarities between many pairs of proteins with similar structures and likely homology. Recent work suggests that using machine learning language models can improve remote homology detection. To this end, we introduce DeepBLAST, that obtains explicit alignments from residue embeddings learned from a protein language model integrated into an end-to-end differentiable alignment framework. This approach can be accelerated on the GPU architectures and outperforms conventional sequence alignment techniques in terms of both speed and accuracy when identifying structurally similar proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauss, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berenberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gligorijevic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.03.365932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein Structural Alignments From Sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.368654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically encoded ratiometric biosensor for probing lysosomal pH in mammalian cells and C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.368654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysosomes are important sites for macromolecular degradation, defined by an acidic lumenal pH of [~]4.5. To better understand lysosomal pH, we designed a novel, genetically encoded, fluorescent protein (FP) based pH biosensor called FIRE-pHLy (Fluorescence Indicator REporting pH in Lysosomes). This biosensor was targeted to lysosomes with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and reported lumenal pH between 3.5 and 6.0 with monomeric teal fluorescent protein 1 (mTFP1), a bright cyan pH sensitive FP variant with a pKa of 4.3. Ratiometric quantification was enabled with cytosolically oriented mCherry using high-content quantitative imaging. We expressed FIRE-pHLy in several cellular models and quantified the alkalinizing response to bafilomycin A1, a specific V-ATPase inhibitor. In summary, we have engineered FIRE-pHLy, a specific, robust and versatile lysosomal pH biosensor that has broad applications for investigating pH dynamics in aging and lysosome-related diseases, as well as in lysosome-based drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chin, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patwardhan, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alquezar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arkin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.368654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically encoded ratiometric biosensor for probing lysosomal pH in mammalian cells and C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NASA GeneLab RNA-Seq Consensus Pipeline: Standardized Processing of Short-Read RNA-Seq Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the development of transcriptomic technologies, we are able to quantify precise changes in gene expression profiles from astronauts and other organisms exposed to spaceflight. Members of NASA GeneLab and GeneLab-associated analysis working groups (AWGs) have developed a consensus pipeline for analyzing short-read RNA-sequencing data from spaceflight-associated experiments. The pipeline includes quality control, read trimming, mapping, and gene quantification steps, culminating in the detection of differentially expressed genes. This data analysis pipeline and the results of its execution using data submitted to GeneLab are now all publicly available through the GeneLab database. We present here the full details and rationale for the construction of this pipeline in order to promote transparency, reproducibility and reusability of pipeline data, to provide a template for data processing of future spaceflight-relevant datasets, and to encourage cross-analysis of data from other databases with the data available in GeneLab.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Overbey, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saravia-Butler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathi, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogle, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silveira, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bass, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beheshti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrios, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaber, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cekanaviciute, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davin, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gebre, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geniza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilroy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardiman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herranz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidane, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, C. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liefeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinsch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szewczyk, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahimic, C. G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenbrink, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villacampa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weging, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolverton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wya</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.371724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NASA GeneLab RNA-Seq Consensus Pipeline: Standardized Processing of Short-Read RNA-Seq Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.377358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The unfolded protein response links tumor aneuploidy to local immune dysregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.377358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aneuploidy is a chromosomal abnormality associated with poor prognosis in many cancer types. Here we tested the hypothesis that the unfolded protein response (UPR) links mechanistically aneuploidy and local immune dysregulation. Using a single somatic copy-number alteration (SCNA) score inclusive of whole-chromosome, arm and focal chromosome alterations in a pan-cancer analysis of 9,375 samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found an inverse correlation with a cytotoxicity (CYT) score across disease stages. Co-expression patterns of UPR genes changed substantially between SCNAlow and SCNAhigh groups. Pathway activity scores showed increased activity by multiple branches of the UPR in response to aneuploidy. The PERK branch showed the strongest association with a reduced CYT score. The conditioned medium of aneuploid cells transmitted XBP1 splicing and caused IL-6 and Arginase1 transcription in receiver bone marrow-derived macrophages. We propose the UPR as a mechanistic link between aneuploidy and immune dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment.

Statement of SignificanceAneuploidy accumulates over the life of a tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Tumor progression is also associated with a progressive immune dysregulation. To explain these complex and concurrent disorders we tested the hypothesis that the unfolded protein could represent the link between aneuploidy and a dysregulation of local immunity favoring tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Searles, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weller, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.377358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The unfolded protein response links tumor aneuploidy to local immune dysregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.377499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CoaTran: Coalescent tree simulation along a transmission network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.377499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe ability to simulate coalescent viral phylogenies constrained by a given transmission network can enable the benchmarking of computational tools used in molecular epidemiology as well as the ability to gain insights into unobservable aspects of the virology of a novel pathogen. However, such simulation experiments require generating a large number of technical simulation replicates, and existing tools for coalescent simulations along a transmission network are too slow to conduct such experiments at the scale of the global population.

ResultsCoaTran is a massively scalable tool that simulates a coalescent viral phylogeny constrained by a user-provided transmission network. CoaTran is written in highly-optimized C++ code and can generate global population scale phylogenetic coalescent simulations in seconds to minutes.

AvailabilityCoaTran is freely available at https://github.com/niemasd/CoaTran as an open-source software project.

Contactniema@ucsd.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.377499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CoaTran: Coalescent tree simulation along a transmission network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.11.379008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VGLUT modulates sex differences in dopamine neuron vulnerability to age-related neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.11.379008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age is the greatest risk factor for Parkinsons disease (PD) which causes progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons, with males at greater risk than females. We found that vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) expression mediates vulnerability to age-related DA neurodegeneration in a sex-dependent manner, providing a new mechanism for sex differences in selective DA neuron vulnerability. These findings lay the groundwork for novel therapeutic strategies to boost neuronal resilience throughout aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buck, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslanoglou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villeneuve, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatte, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Miranda, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neureiter, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogle, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palladino, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glausier, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fish, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenamyre, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheetham, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freyberg, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.11.379008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VGLUT modulates sex differences in dopamine neuron vulnerability to age-related neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ribosome quality control activity potentiates vaccinia virus protein synthesis during infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomes are highly abundant cellular machines that perform the essential task of translating the genetic code into proteins. Cellular translation activity is finely tuned and proteostasis insults, such as those incurred upon viral infection, activate stress signaling pathways that result in translation reprogramming. Viral infection selectively shuts down host mRNA while redistributing ribosomes for selective translation of viral mRNAs. The intricacies of this selective ribosome shuffle from host to viral mRNAs are poorly understood. Here, we uncover a role for the ribosome associated quality control (RQC) factor ZNF598, a sensor for collided ribosomes, as a critical factor for vaccinia virus mRNA translation. Collided ribosomes are sensed by ZNF598, which ubiquitylates 40S subunit proteins uS10 and eS10 and thereby initiates RQC-dependent nascent chain degradation and ribosome recycling. We show that vaccinia infection in human cells enhances uS10 ubiquitylation indicating an increased burden on RQC pathways during viral propagation. Consistent with an increased RQC demand, we demonstrate that vaccinia virus replication is impaired in cells which either lack ZNF598 or contain a ubiquitylation deficient version of uS10. Using SILAC-based proteomics and concurrent RNAseq analysis, we determine that host translation of vaccinia virus mRNAs is compromised in cells that lack RQC activity as compared to control cells whereas there was little evidence of differences in host or viral transcription. Additionally, vaccinia virus infection resulted in a loss of cellular RQC activity, suggesting that ribosomes engaged in viral protein production recruit ZNF598 away from its function in host translation. Thus, co-option of ZNF598 by vaccinia virus plays a critical role in translational reprogramming that is needed for optimal viral propagation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sundaramoorthy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.12.380634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ribosome quality control activity potentiates vaccinia virus protein synthesis during infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The blood system is supported by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) found in a specialized microenvironment called the niche. Many different niche cell types support HSPCs, however how they interact and their ultrastructure has been difficult to define. Here we show that single endogenous HSPCs can be tracked by light microscopy, then identified by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) at multiscale levels. Using the zebrafish larval kidney marrow (KM) niche as a model, we followed single fluorescently-labeled HSPCs by light sheet microscopy, then confirmed their exact location in a 3D SBEM dataset. Our approach allowed us to identify dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dbh) positive ganglia cells as a previously uncharacterized functional cell type in the HSPC niche. By integrating multiple imaging modalities, we could resolve the ultrastructure of single rare cells deep in live tissue and define all contacts between an HSPC and its surrounding niche cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agarwala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamplin, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.12.380790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.370387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparison of DNA/RNA extraction protocols for high-throughput sequencing of microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.370387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One goal among microbial ecology researchers is to capture the maximum amount of information from all organisms in a sample. The recent COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted a gap in traditional DNA-based protocols, including the high-throughput methods we previously established as field standards. To enable simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 and microbial community profiling, we compare the relative performance of two total nucleic acid extraction protocols and our previously benchmarked protocol. We included a diverse panel of environmental and host-associated sample types, including body sites commonly swabbed for COVID-19 testing. Here we present results comparing the cost, processing time, DNA and RNA yield, microbial community composition, limit of detection, and well-to-well contamination, between these protocols.

Accession numbersRaw sequence data were deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive (accession#: ERP124610) and raw and processed data are available at Qiita (Study ID: 12201). All processing and analysis code is available on GitHub (github.com/justinshaffer/Extraction_test_MagMAX).

Methods summaryTo allow for downstream applications involving RNA-based organisms such as SARS-CoV-2, we compared the two extraction protocols designed to extract DNA and RNA against our previously established protocol for extracting only DNA for microbial community analyses. Across 10 diverse sample types, one of the two protocols was equivalent or better than our established DNA-based protocol. Our conclusion is based on per-sample comparisons of DNA and RNA yield, the number of quality sequences generated, microbial community alpha- and beta-diversity and taxonomic composition, the limit of detection, and extent of well-to-well contamination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salido, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaramela, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraraccio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller-Montgomery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.370387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparison of DNA/RNA extraction protocols for high-throughput sequencing of microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.382473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepMosaic: Control-independent mosaic single nucleotide variant detection using deep convolutional neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.382473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory paragraphMosaic variants (MVs) reflect mutagenic processes during embryonic development1 and environmental exposure2, accumulate with aging, and underlie diseases such as cancer and autism3. The detection of MVs has been computationally challenging due to sparse representation in non-clonally expanded tissues. While heuristic filters and tools trained on clonally expanded MVs with high allelic fractions are proposed, they show relatively lower sensitivity and more false discoveries4-9. Here we present DeepMosaic, combining an image-based visualization module for single nucleotide MVs, and a convolutional neural networks-based classification module for control-independent MV detection. DeepMosaic achieved higher accuracy compared with existing methods on biological and simulated sequencing data, with a 96.34% (158/164) experimental validation rate. Of 932 mosaic variants detected by DeepMosaic in 16 whole genome sequenced samples, 21.89-58.58% (204/932-546/932) MVs were overlooked by other methods. Thus, DeepMosaic represents a highly accurate MV classifier that can be implemented as an alternative or complement to existing methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abyzov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.14.382473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepMosaic: Control-independent mosaic single nucleotide variant detection using deep convolutional neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.382994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Challenges in Benchmarking Metagenomic Profilers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.382994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate microbial identification and abundance estimation are crucial for metagenomics analysis. Various methods for classifying metagenomic data and estimating taxonomic profiles, broadly referred to as metagenomic profilers, have been developed. Yet, benchmarking metagenomic profilers remains challenging because some tools are designed to report relative sequence abundance while others report relative taxonomic abundance. Here, we show how misleading conclusions can be drawn by neglecting this distinction between relative abundance types when benchmarking metagenomic profilers. Moreover, we show compelling evidence that interchanging sequence abundance and taxonomic abundance will influence both per-sample summary statistics and cross-sample comparisons. We suggest that the microbiome research community should pay attention to potentially misleading biological conclusions arising from this issue when benchmarking metagenomic profilers, by carefully considering the type of abundance data that was analyzed and interpreted, and clearly stating the strategy used for metagenomic profiling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiminen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrieri, A.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parida, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.14.382994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Challenges in Benchmarking Metagenomic Profilers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.383141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
osr1 couples intermediate mesoderm cell fate with temporal dynamics of vessel progenitor cell differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.383141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulatory networks refine gene expression boundaries throughout embryonic development to define the precise dimensions of organ progenitor territories. Kidney progenitors originate within the intermediate mesoderm (IM), but the pathways that establish the boundary between the IM and its neighboring vessel progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we delineate new roles for the zinc finger transcription factor Osr1 in kidney and vessel progenitor development. Zebrafish osr1 mutants display decreased IM formation and premature emergence of neighboring lateral vessel progenitors (LVPs). These phenotypes contrast with the increased IM and absent LVPs observed with loss of the bHLH transcription factor Hand2, and loss of hand2 partially suppresses the osr1 mutant phenotypes. hand2 and osr1 are both expressed in the posterior lateral mesoderm, but osr1 expression decreases dramatically prior to LVP emergence. Overexpressing osr1 inhibits LVP development while enhancing IM formation. Together, our data demonstrate that osr1 modulates both the extent of IM formation and the temporal dynamics of LVP development, suggesting that a balance between levels of osr1 and hand2 expression is essential to demarcate the dimensions of kidney and vessel progenitor territories.

SUMMARY STATEMENTAnalysis of the osr1 mutant phenotype reveals roles in determining the extent of intermediate mesoderm formation while inhibiting premature differentiation of neighboring vessel progenitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quesnel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Askary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crump, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.14.383141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[osr1 couples intermediate mesoderm cell fate with temporal dynamics of vessel progenitor cell differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.15.383323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for greater than six months after infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.15.383323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines, and for assessing the likely future course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at [&ge;] 6 months post-infection. IgG to the Spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month post symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined with a half-life of 3-5 months. By studying antibody, memory B cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, we observed that each component of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory exhibited distinct kinetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hastie, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faliti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saphire, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.15.383323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for greater than six months after infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.385757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DrugOrchestra: Jointly predicting drug response, targets, and side effects via deep multi-task learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.385757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Massively accumulated pharmacogenomics, chemogenomics, and side effect datasets offer an unprecedented opportunity for drug response prediction, drug target identification and drug side effect prediction. Existing computational approaches limit their scope to only one of these three tasks, inevitably overlooking the rich connection among them. Here, we propose DrugOrchestra, a deep multi-task learning framework that jointly predicts drug response, targets and side effects. DrugOrchestra leverages pre-trained molecular structure-based drug representation to bridge these three tasks. Instead of directly fine-tuning on an individual task, DrugOrchestra uses deep multi-task learning to obtain a phenotype-based drug representation by simultaneously fine-tuning on drug response, target and side effect prediction. By coupling these three tasks together, DrugOrchestra is able to make predictions for unseen drugs by only knowing their molecular structures. We constructed a heterogeneous drug discovery dataset of over 21k drugs by integrating 8 datasets across three tasks. Our method obtained significant improvement in comparison to methods that were trained on a single task or a single dataset. We further revealed the transferability across 8 datasets and 3 tasks, providing novel insights for understanding drug mechanisms.

Availabilityhttps://github.com/jiangdada1221/DrugOrchestra
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>wang, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.385757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DrugOrchestra: Jointly predicting drug response, targets, and side effects via deep multi-task learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.387753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient genomic instability drives tumorigenesis through accelerated clonal evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.387753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abnormal numerical and structural chromosome content is frequently found in human cancer. To test the role of aneuploidy in tumor initiation and progression, we compared tumor development in mice with chronic chromosome instability (CIN) induced by inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (produced by Mad2 deficiency) and mice with transient CIN through transiently increased expression of polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a master regulator of centrosome number. Tumors forming under chronic CIN gradually trended toward chromosomal gains producing a specific karyotype profile that could only be partially maintained in end-stage tumors, as determined by single-cell whole genome DNA sequencing. Short term CIN from transient PLK4 induction generated significant centrosome amplification and aneuploidy resulting in formation of aggressive T cell lymphomas in mice with heterozygous inactivation of one p53 allele or accelerated tumor development in the absence of p53. Transient CIN increased the frequency of lymphomainitiating cells (as revealed by T cell receptor sequencing) with a specific karyotype profile containing triploid chromosomes 4, 5, 14, and 15 occurring early in tumorigenesis. Overall, our evidence demonstrates that distinct CIN mechanisms drive cancers presenting specific, complex chromosomal alterations with transient CIN rapidly enhancing tumor formation by accelerating the generation of such events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shoshani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarest, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artates, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhengyu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardenaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spierings, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foijer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.387753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient genomic instability drives tumorigenesis through accelerated clonal evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.387639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant gliogenesis and excitation in MEF2C autism patient hiPSC-neurons and cerebral organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.387639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MEF2C has been shown to be a critical transcription factor for neurodevelopment, whose loss-of-function mutation in humans results in MEF2C haploinsufficiency syndrome (MHS), a severe form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)/intellectual disability (ID). Here, we use patient hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neurons and cerebral organoids to characterize MHS deficits. Unexpectedly, we found an aberrant micro-RNA-mediated gliogenesis pathway that contributes to decreased neurogenesis. We also demonstrate network-level hyperexcitability in neurons, as evidenced by excessive synaptic and extrasynaptic activity contributing to excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance. Notably, the extrasynaptic NMDA receptor antagonist, NitroSynapsin, corrects this aberrant electrical activity associated with abnormal phenotypes. During neurodevelopment, MEF2C regulates many ASD-associated gene networks suggesting that our approach may lead to personalized therapy for multiple forms of ASD.

One sentence summaryAutism-like MEF2C+/- patient hiPSC models show miRNA-mediated overproduction of astrocytes and hyperactivity of neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trudler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talantova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabauskas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noveral, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teranaka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luevanos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolatabadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sultan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawaguchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stankiewicz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Bassets, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozbial, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakanishi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambasudhan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.387639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant gliogenesis and excitation in MEF2C autism patient hiPSC-neurons and cerebral organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.390187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-Driven Multiscale Simulations Illuminate Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.390187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We develop a generalizable AI-driven workflow that leverages heterogeneous HPC resources to explore the time-dependent dynamics of molecular systems. We use this workflow to investigate the mechanisms of infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the main viral infection machinery. Our workflow enables more efficient investigation of spike dynamics in a variety of complex environments, including within a complete SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope simulation, which contains 305 million atoms and shows strong scaling on ORNL Summit using NAMD. We present several novel scientific discoveries, including the elucidation of the spikes full glycan shield, the role of spike glycans in modulating the infectivity of the virus, and the characterization of the flexible interactions between the spike and the human ACE2 receptor. We also demonstrate how AI can accelerate conformational sampling across different systems and pave the way for the future application of such methods to additional studies in SARS-CoV-2 and other molecular systems.

ACM Reference FormatLorenzo Casalino1{dagger}, Abigail Dommer1{dagger}, Zied Gaieb1{dagger}, Emilia P. Barros1, Terra Sztain1, Surl-Hee Ahn1, Anda Trifan2,3, Alexander Brace2, Anthony Bogetti4, Heng Ma2, Hyungro Lee5, Matteo Turilli5, Syma Khalid6, Lillian Chong4, Carlos Simmerling7, David J. Hardy3, Julio D. C. Maia3, James C. Phillips3, Thorsten Kurth8, Abraham Stern8, Lei Huang9, John McCalpin9, Mahidhar Tatineni10, Tom Gibbs8, John E. Stone3, Shantenu Jha5, Arvind Ramanathan2*, Rommie E. Amaro1*. 2020. AI-Driven Multiscale Simulations Illuminate Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Dynamics. In Supercomputing 20: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14 pages. https://doi.org/finalDOI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dommer, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaieb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sztain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trifan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brace, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turilli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmerling, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCalpain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatineni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.390187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-Driven Multiscale Simulations Illuminate Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetENP/MetENPWeb: An R package and web application for metabolomics enrichment and pathway analysis in Metabolomics Workbench 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the advent of high throughput mass spectrometric methods, metabolomics has emerged as an essential area of research in biomedicine with the potential to provide deep biological insights into normal and diseased functions in physiology. However, to achieve the potential offered by metabolomics measures, there is a need for biologist-friendly integrative analysis tools that can transform data into mechanisms that relate to phenotypes. Here, we describe MetENP, an R package, and a user-friendly web application deployed at the Metabolomics Workbench site extending the metabolomics enrichment analysis to include species-specific pathway analysis, pathway enrichment scores, gene-enzyme information, and enzymatic activities of the significantly altered metabolites. MetENP provides a highly customizable workflow through various user-specified options and includes support for all metabolite species with available KEGG pathways. MetENPweb is a web application for calculating metabolite and pathway enrichment analysis.

Availability and ImplementationThe MetENP package is freely available from Metabolomics Workbench GitHub: (https://github.com/metabolomicsworkbench/MetENP), the web application, is freely available at (https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/data/analyze.php)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coakley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetENP/MetENPWeb: An R package and web application for metabolomics enrichment and pathway analysis in Metabolomics Workbench]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.392142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caenorhabditis elegans junctophilin has tissue-specific functions and regulates neurotransmission with extended-synaptotagmin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.392142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The junctophilin family of proteins tether together plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, and couple PM- and ER-localized calcium channels. Understanding in vivo functions of junctophilins is of great interest for dissecting the physiological roles of ER-PM contact sites. Here, we show that the sole C. elegans junctophilin JPH-1 localizes to discrete membrane contact sites in neurons and muscles and has important tissue-specific functions. jph-1 null mutants display slow growth and development due to weaker contraction of pharyngeal muscles, leading to reduced feeding. In the body wall muscle, JPH-1 co-localizes with the PM-localized EGL-19 voltage-gated calcium channel and ER-localized UNC-68/RyR calcium channel, and is required for animal movement. We also find an unexpected cell non-autonomous effect of jph-1 in axon regrowth after injury. In neurons, JPH-1 co-localizes with the membrane contact site protein Extended-SYnaptoTagmin 2 (ESYT-2) and modulates neurotransmission. Interestingly, jph-1 and esyt-2 null mutants display mutual suppression in their response to aldicarb, suggesting that JPH-1 and ESYT-1 have antagonistic roles in neuromuscular synaptic transmission. Our genetic double mutant analysis also reveals that jph-1 functions in overlapping pathways with two PM-localized voltage-gated calcium channels, egl-19 and unc-2, and unc-68/RyR for animal health and development. Finally, we show that unc-68/RyR is required for JPH-1 localization to ER-PM puncta. Our data demonstrate important roles for junctophilin in cellular physiology, and also provide insights into how junctophilin functions together with other calcium channels in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Piggott, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurrish, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.392142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caenorhabditis elegans junctophilin has tissue-specific functions and regulates neurotransmission with extended-synaptotagmin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.392217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring the spatial code of cell-cell interactions and communication across a whole animal body 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.392217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-cell interactions shape cellular function and ultimately organismal phenotype. However, the code embedded in the molecular interactions driving and sustaining the spatial organization of cells remains to be elucidated. Here we present a computational framework to infer the spatial code underlying cell-cell interactions from the transcriptomes of the cell types across the whole body of a multicellular organism. As core of this framework, we introduce our tool cell2cell, which uses the coexpression of ligand-receptor pairs to compute the potential for intercellular interactions, and we test it across the Caenorhabditis elegans body. Leveraging a 3D atlas of C. elegans cells, we also implement a genetic algorithm to identify the ligand-receptor pairs most informative of the spatial organization of cells. Validating the spatial code extracted with this strategy, the resulting intercellular distances are negatively correlated with the inferred cell-cell interactions. Furthermore, for selected cell-cell and ligand-receptor pairs, we experimentally confirm the communicatory behavior inferred with cell2cell and the genetic algorithm. Thus, our framework helps identify a code that predicts the spatial organization of cells across a whole-animal body.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghaddar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.392217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring the spatial code of cell-cell interactions and communication across a whole animal body]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SEPIA: Simulation-based Evaluation of Prioritization Algorithms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe ability to prioritize people living with HIV by risk of future transmissions could aid public health officials in optimizing epidemiological intervention. While methods exist to perform such prioritization based on molecular data, their effectiveness and accuracy are poorly understood, and it is unclear how one can directly compare the accuracy of different methods. We introduce SEPIA (Simulation-based Evaluation of PrIoritization Algorithms), a novel simulation-based framework for determining the effectiveness of prioritization algorithms. Under several metrics of effectiveness that we propose, we utilize various properties of the simulated contact networks and transmission histories to compare existing prioritization approaches: one phylogenetic (ProACT) and one distance-based (growth of HIV-TRACE transmission clusters).

ResultsUsing all metrics of effectiveness that we propose, ProACT consistently slightly outperformed the transmission cluster growth approach. However, both methods consistently performed just marginally better than random, suggesting that there is significant room for improvement in prioritization tools.

ConclusionWe hope that, by providing ways to quantify the effectiveness of prioritization methods in simulation, SEPIA will aid researchers in developing novel tools for prioritizing people living with HIV by risk of future transmissions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almaraz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.23.394890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SEPIA: Simulation-based Evaluation of Prioritization Algorithms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.396820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Evaluation of Phylogenetic Workflows in Viral Molecular Epidemiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.396820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of computational techniques to analyze viral sequence data and ultimately inform public health intervention has become increasingly common in the realm of epidemiology. These methods typically attempt to make epidemiological inferences based on multiple sequence alignments and phylogenies estimated from the raw sequence data. Like all estimation techniques, multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic inference tools are error-prone, and the impacts of such imperfections on downstream epidemiological inferences are poorly understood. To address this, we executed multiple commonly-used workflows for conducting viral phylogenetic analyses on simulated viral sequence data modeling HIV, HCV, and Ebola, and we computed multiple methods of accuracy motivated by transmission clustering techniques. For multiple sequence alignment, MAFFT consistently outperformed MUSCLE and Clustal Omega in both accuracy and runtime. For phylogenetic inference, FastTree 2, IQ-TREE, RAxML-NG, and PhyML had similar topological accuracies, but branch lengths and pairwise distances were consistently most accurate in phylogenies inferred by RAxML-NG. However, FastTree 2 was orders of magnitude faster than the other tools, and when the other tools were used to optimize branch lengths along a fixed topology provided by FastTree 2 (i.e., no tree search), the resulting phylogenies had accuracies that were indistinguishable from their original counterparts, but with a fraction of the runtime. Our results indicate that an ideal workflow for viral phylogenetic inference is to (1) use MAFFT to perform MSA, (2) use FastTree 2 under the GTR model with discrete gamma-distributed site-rate heterogeneity to quickly obtain a reasonable tree topology, and (3) use RAxML-NG to optimize branch lengths along the fixed FastTree 2 topology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.396820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Evaluation of Phylogenetic Workflows in Viral Molecular Epidemiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective transport of fluorescent proteins into the phage nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon infection of Pseudomonas cells, jumbo phages 201{Phi}2-1, {Phi}PA3, and {Phi}KZ assemble a phage nucleus. Viral DNA is enclosed within the phage-encoded proteinaceous shell along with proteins associated with DNA replication, recombination and transcription. Ribosomes and proteins involved in metabolic processes are excluded from the nucleus. RNA synthesis occurs inside the phage nucleus and messenger RNA is presumably transported into the cytoplasm to be translated. Newly synthesized proteins either remain in the cytoplasm or specifically translocate into the nucleus. The molecular mechanisms governing selective protein sorting and nuclear import in these phage infection systems are currently unclear. To gain insight into this process, we studied the localization of five reporter fluorescent proteins (GFP+, sfGFP, GFPmut1, mCherry, CFP). During infection with {Phi}PA3 or 201{Phi}2-1, all five fluorescent proteins were excluded from the nucleus as expected; however, we have discovered an anomaly with the {Phi}KZ nuclear transport system. The fluorescent protein GFPmut1, expressed by itself, was transported into the {Phi}KZ phage nucleus. We identified the amino acid residues on the surface of GFPmut1 required for nuclear targeting. Fusing GFPmut1 to any protein, including proteins that normally reside in the cytoplasm, resulted in transport of the fusion into the nucleus. Although the mechanism of transport is still unknown, we demonstrate that GFPmut1 is a useful tool that can be used for fluorescent labelling and targeting of proteins into the {Phi}KZ phage nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKennon, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkholz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beierschmitt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.398438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective transport of fluorescent proteins into the phage nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recurrent dynamics of prefrontal cortex during context-dependent decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key problem in systems neuroscience is to understand how neural populations integrate relevant sensory inputs during decision-making. Here, we address this problem by training a structured recurrent neural network to reproduce both psychophysical behavior and neural responses recorded from monkey prefrontal cortex during a context-dependent per-ceptual decision-making task. Our approach yields a one-to-one mapping of model neurons to recorded neurons, and explicitly incorporates sensory noise governing the animals performance as a function of stimulus strength. We then analyze the dynamics of the resulting model in order to understand how the network computes context-dependent decisions. We find that network dynamics preserve both relevant and irrelevant stimulus information, and exhibit a grid of fixed points for different stimulus conditions as opposed to a one-dimensional line attractor. Our work provides new insights into context-dependent decision-making and offers a powerful framework for linking cognitive function with neural activity within an artificial model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DePasquale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.401539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recurrent dynamics of prefrontal cortex during context-dependent decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent pallidal pathways underlying distinct Parkinsonian behavioral deficits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that regulates motor and cognitive functions1,2. Recent identification of neuronal heterogeneity in the basal ganglia suggests that functionally distinct neural circuits defined by their efferent projections exist even within the same nuclei3-5. This distinction may account for a multitude of symptoms associated with basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinsons disease (PD)6,7. However, our incomplete understanding of the basal ganglia functional organization has hindered further investigation of individual circuits that may underlie different behavioral symptoms in disease states. Here we functionally define two distinct classes of parvalbumin-expressing neurons in the mouse external globus pallidus (GPe-PV) embedded within discrete neural pathways and establish their contributions to different Parkinsonian behavioral deficits. We find that GPe-PV neurons projecting to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) or parafascicular thalamus (PF) undergo different electrophysiological adaptations in response to dopamine depletion. Furthermore, counteracting these adaptations in each population can selectively alleviate movement deficits or behavioral inflexibility in a Parkinsonian mouse model. Our findings provide a novel framework to understand the circuit basis of separate behavioral symptoms in Parkinsonian state which could provide better strategies for the treatment of PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilascharoen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E. H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pate, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.401554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent pallidal pathways underlying distinct Parkinsonian behavioral deficits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.28.402289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multielectrode Cortical Stimulation Selectively Induces Unidirectional Wave Propagation in Biophysical/Neural Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.28.402289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical stimulation is emerging as an experimental tool in basic research and a promising therapy for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. As multielectrode arrays enter clinical practice, the possibility of using spatiotemporal patterns of electrical stimulation to induce desired physiological patterns has become theoretically possible, but in practice can only be implemented by trial-and-error because of a lack of predictive models. Experimental evidence increasingly establishes travelling waves as fundamental to cortical information-processing, but we lack understanding how to control wave properties despite rapidly improving technologies. This study uses a hybrid biophysical-anatomical and neural-computational model to predict and understand how a simple pattern of cortical surface stimulation could induce directional traveling waves via asymmetric activation of inhibitory interneurons. It reveals local circuit mechanisms to control spatiotemporal cortical dynamics and predicts interventions that can be developed to treat a broad range of cognitive disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halgren, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.28.402289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multielectrode Cortical Stimulation Selectively Induces Unidirectional Wave Propagation in Biophysical/Neural Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.400614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Layers: Uncovering clustering structure and knowledge in unsupervised single-cell transcriptomic analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.29.400614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationUnsupervised clustering of single-cell transcriptomics is a powerful method for identifying cell populations. Static visualization techniques for single-cell clustering only display results for a single resolution parameter. Analysts will often evaluate more than one resolution parameter, but then only report one.

ResultsWe developed Cell Layers, an interactive Sankey tool for the quantitative investigation of gene expression, coexpression, biological processes, and cluster integrity across clustering resolutions. Cell Layers enhances the interpretability of single-cell clustering by linking molecular data and cluster evaluation metrics, to provide novel insight into cell populations.

Availability and implementationUpon request
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przytycki, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiriya, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.29.400614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Layers: Uncovering clustering structure and knowledge in unsupervised single-cell transcriptomic analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.405589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TAPER: Pinpointing errors in multiple sequence alignments despite varying rates of evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.405589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWErroneous data can creep into sequence datasets for reasons ranging from contamination to annotation and alignment mistakes. These errors can reduce the accuracy of downstream analyses such as tree inference and will diminish the confidence of the community in the results even when they do not impact the analysis. As datasets keep getting larger, it has become difficult to visually check for errors, and thus, automatic error detection methods are needed more than ever before. Alignment masking methods, which are widely used, completely remove entire aligned sites. Therefore, they may reduce signal as much as or more than they reduce the noise. An alternative is designing targeted methods that look for errors in small species-specific stretches of the alignment by detecting outliers. Crucially, such a method should attempt to distinguish the real heterogeneity, which includes signal, from errors. This type of error filtering is surprisingly under-explored. In this paper, we introduce TAPER, an automatic algorithm that looks for small stretches of error in sequence alignments. Our results show that TAPER removes very little data yet finds much of the error and cleans up the alignments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.405589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TAPER: Pinpointing errors in multiple sequence alignments despite varying rates of evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.405423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light-activated tetrazines enable live-cell spatiotemporal control of bioorthogonal reactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.405423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioorthogonal ligations encompass coupling chemistries that have considerable utility in living systems.1-3 Among the numerous bioorthogonal chemistries described to date, cycloaddition reactions between tetrazines and strained dienophiles are widely used in proteome, lipid, and glycan labeling due to their extremely rapid kinetics.4,5 In addition, a variety of functional groups can be released after the cycloaddition reaction,6,7 and drug delivery triggered by in vivo tetrazine ligation8 is in human phase I clinical trials.9 While applications of tetrazine ligations are growing in academia and industry, it has so far not been possible to control this chemistry to achieve the high degrees of spatial and temporal precision necessary for modifying mammalian cells with single-cell resolution. Here we demonstrate visible light-activated formation of tetrazines from photocaged dihydrotetrazines, which enables live-cell spatiotemporal control of rapid biorthogonal cycloaddition reactions between tetrazines and dienophiles such as trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs). Photocaged dihydrotetrazines are stable in conditions that normally degrade tetrazines, enabling efficient early-stage incorporation of bioorthogonal handles into biomolecules such as peptides. Photocaged dihydrotetrazines allow the use of non-toxic visible light to trigger tetrazine ligations on live mammalian cells. By tagging reactive phospholipids with fluorophores, we demonstrate modification of HeLa cell membranes with single-cell spatial resolution. Finally, we show that photo-triggered therapy is possible by coupling tetrazine photoactivation with strategies that uncage prodrugs in response to tetrazine ligation, opening up new methods for photopharmacology and precision drug delivery using bioorthogonal chemistry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.405423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light-activated tetrazines enable live-cell spatiotemporal control of bioorthogonal reactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disease related mutations in PI3Kγ disrupt regulatory C-terminal dynamics and reveals a path to selective inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are master regulators of cellular functions, with the p110{gamma} subunit playing a key role in immune signalling. PI3K{gamma} is a key factor in inflammatory diseases, and has been identified as a therapeutic target for cancers due to its immunomodulatory role. Using a combined biochemical/biophysical approach, we have revealed insight into regulation of kinase activity, specifically defining how immunodeficiency and oncogenic mutations of R1021 in the c-terminus can inactivate or activate enzyme activity. Screening of small molecule inhibitors using HDX-MS revealed that activation loop binding inhibitors induce allosteric conformational changes that mimic those seen for the R1021C mutant. Structural analysis of clinically advanced PI3K inhibitors revealed novel binding pockets that can be exploited for further therapeutic development. Overall this work provides unique insight into the regulatory mechanisms that control PI3K{gamma} kinase activity, and shows a framework for the design of PI3K isoform and mutant selective inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rathinaswamy, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaieb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borsari, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeller, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wymann, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.406264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disease related mutations in PI3Kγ disrupt regulatory C-terminal dynamics and reveals a path to selective inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.387894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping genetic effects on cell type-specific chromatin accessibility and annotating complex trait variants using single nucleus ATAC-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.03.387894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene regulation is highly cell type-specific and understanding the function of non-coding genetic variants associated with complex traits requires molecular phenotyping at cell type resolution. In this study we performed single nucleus ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and genotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 individuals. Clustering chromatin accessibility profiles of 66,843 total nuclei identified 14 immune cell types and sub-types. We mapped chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs) in each immune cell type and sub-type which identified 6,248 total caQTLs, including those obscured from assays of bulk tissue such as with divergent effects on different cell types. For 3,379 caQTLs we further annotated putative target genes of variant activity using single cell co-accessibility, and caQTL variants were significantly correlated with the accessibility level of linked gene promoters. We fine-mapped loci associated with 16 complex immune traits and identified immune cell caQTLs at 517 candidate causal variants, including those with cell type-specific effects. At the 6q15 locus associated with type 1 diabetes, in line with previous reports, variant rs72928038 was a naive CD4+ T cell caQTL linked to BACH2 and we validated the allelic effects of this variant on regulatory activity in Jurkat T cells. These results highlight the utility of snATAC-seq for mapping genetic effects on accessible chromatin in specific cell types and provide a resource for annotating complex immune trait loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newsome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.03.387894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping genetic effects on cell type-specific chromatin accessibility and annotating complex trait variants using single nucleus ATAC-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.409144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.409144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes the cardiovascular complications in addition to respiratory disease. SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs endothelial function and induces vascular inflammation, leading to endotheliitis. SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on the binding of Spike glycoprotein (S protein) to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the host cells. We show here that S protein alone can damage vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro and in vivo, manifested by impaired mitochondrial function, decreased ACE2 expression and eNOS activity, and increased glycolysis. The underlying mechanism involves S protein downregulation of AMPK and upregulation of MDM2, causing ACE2 destabilization. Thus, the S protein-exerted vascular endothelial damage via ACE2 downregulation overrides the decreased virus infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiavon, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadel, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hepokoski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J. X.- J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.409144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.411819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism for differential recruitment of orbitostriatal transmission during outcomes and actions in alcohol dependence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.411819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychiatric disease often produces symptoms that have divergent effects on neural activity. For example, in drug dependence, dysfunctional value-based decision-making and compulsive-like actions have been linked to hypo- and hyper-activity of orbital frontal cortex (OFC)-basal ganglia circuits, respectively, however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that alcohol dependence enhanced activity in OFC terminals in dorsal striatum (OFC-DS) associated with actions, but reduced activity of the same terminals during periods of outcome retrieval, corresponding with a loss of outcome control over decision-making. Disrupted OFC-DS terminal activity was due to a dysfunction of dopamine-type 1 receptors on spiny projection neurons (D1R SPNs) that resulted in increased retrograde endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling at OFC-D1R SPN synapses reducing OFC-DS transmission. Blocking CB1 receptors restored OFC-DS activity in vivo and rescued outcome-based control over decision-making. These findings demonstrate a circuit-, synapse-, and computation specific mechanism gating OFC activity following the induction of alcohol dependence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gremel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltz, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yalcinbas, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.411819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism for differential recruitment of orbitostriatal transmission during outcomes and actions in alcohol dependence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.412437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer-specific overmethylation of histone H3 lysines is necessary for methionine addiction and malignancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.412437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer and is an area of current intense interest. Methionine addiction results from the overuse of methionine by cancer cells for excess transmethylation reactions. In order to identify excess transmethylation reactions in cancer and further understand the basis of methionine addiction, we compared the histone H3 lysine-methylation status and malignancy between methionine-addicted cancer cells and their methionine-independent revertants which have regained the ability to grow on low levels of methionine or independently of exogenous methionine. The levels of trimethylated histone H3 lysine marks were reduced in methionine-independent revertants compared to parental cancer cells in vitro. Tumorigenicity and experimental metastatic potential in nude mice were also highly reduced in the methionine-independent revertants compared to the parental cells. Our present results demonstrate that overmethylation of histone H3 lysines is linked with methionine addiction of cancer and to malignancy which suggests a possible causal relationship.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inubushi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tashiro, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugisawa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishino, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyake, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuyama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.412437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer-specific overmethylation of histone H3 lysines is necessary for methionine addiction and malignancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.413781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hawkmoths use wingstroke-to-wingstroke frequency modulation for aerial recovery to vortex ring perturbations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.413781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centimeter-scale fliers that combine wings with springy elements must contend with the high power requirements and mechanical constraints of flapping wing flight. Insects utilize elastic energy exchange to reduce the inertial costs of flapping wing flight and potentially match wingbeat frequencies to a mechanical resonance. Flying at resonance may be energetically favorable under steady conditions, but it is difficult to modulate the frequency of a resonant system. Evidence suggests that insects utilize frequency modulation over long time scales to adjust aerodynamic forces, but it remains an open question the extent to which insects can modulate frequency on the wingstroke-to-wingstroke timescale. If wingbeat frequencies deviate from resonance, the musculature must work against the elastic flight system, thereby potentially increasing energetic costs. To assess how insects address the simultaneous needs for power and control, we tested the capacity for wingstroke-to-wingstroke wingbeat frequency modulation by perturbing free hovering Manduca sexta with vortex rings while recording high-speed video at 2000 fps. Because hawkmoth flight muscles are synchronous, there is at least the potential for the nervous system to modulate frequency on each wingstroke. We observed {+/-} 16% wingbeat frequency modulation in just a few wing strokes. Via instantaneous phase analysis of wing kinematics, we found that over 85% of perturbation responses required active changes in motor input frequency. Unlike their robotic counterparts that explicitly abdicate frequency modulation in favor of energy efficiency, we find that wingstroke-to-wingstroke frequency modulation is an underappreciated control strategies that complements other strategies for maneuverability and stability in insect flight.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gemilere, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LDS-VIP FM subteam,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.07.413781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hawkmoths use wingstroke-to-wingstroke frequency modulation for aerial recovery to vortex ring perturbations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying liquid-liquid phase separation property of chromatin under physiological conditions using Hi-MS and Hi-C 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important organizing principle for biomolecular condensation and chromosome compartmentalization. However, while many proteins have been reported to undergo LLPS, quantitative and global analysis of chromatin LLPS property remains absent.

ResultsHere, by combing chromatin associated protein pull-down, quantitative proteomics and 1,6-hexanediol treatment, we developed Hi-MS and defined anti-1,6-HD index of chromatin-associated proteins (AICAP) to quantitative measurement of LLPS property of chromatin-associated proteins in their endogenous state and physiological abundance. The AICAP values were verified by previously reported experiments and were reproducible across different MS platforms. Moreover, the AICAP values were highly correlate with protein functions. Proteins act in active/regulatory biological process often exhibit low AICAP values, while proteins act in structural and repressed biological process often exhibit high AICAP values. We further revealed that chromatin organization changes more in compartment A than B, and the changes in chromatin organization at various levels, including compartments, TADs and loops are highly correlated to the LLPS properties of their neighbor nuclear condensates.

ConclusionsOur work provided the first global quantitative measurement of LLPS properties of chromatin-associated proteins and higher-order chromatin structure, and demonstrate that the active/regulatory chromatin components, both protein (trans) and DNA (cis), exhibit more hydrophobicity-dependent LLPS properties than the repressed/structural chromatin components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.07.415489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying liquid-liquid phase separation property of chromatin under physiological conditions using Hi-MS and Hi-C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of T cell immunodominance and immunoprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 cases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells are involved in control of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To establish the patterns of immunodominance of different SARS-CoV-2 antigens, and precisely measure virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, we studied epitope-specific T cell responses of approximately 100 convalescent COVID-19 cases. The SARS-CoV-2 proteome was probed using 1,925 peptides spanning the entire genome, ensuring an unbiased coverage of HLA alleles for class II responses. For HLA class I, we studied an additional 5,600 predicted binding epitopes for 28 prominent HLA class I alleles, accounting for wide global coverage. We identified several hundred HLA-restricted SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes. Distinct patterns of immunodominance were observed, which differed for CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and antibodies. The class I and class II epitopes were combined into new epitope megapools to facilitate identification and quantification of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tarke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidd, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva Antunes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubiro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Methot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.416750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of T cell immunodominance and immunoprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 cases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.416586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a Novel Susceptibility Marker for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Subjects and Risk Mitigation with a Clinically Approved JAK Inhibitor in Human/Mouse Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.416586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has affected over 65 million individuals and killed over 1.5 million persons (December 8, 2020; www.who.int)1. While fatality rates are higher among the elderly and those with underlying comorbidities2, host factors that promote susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease are poorly understood. Although individuals with certain autoimmune/inflammatory disorders show increased susceptibility to viral infections, there is incomplete knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in these diseases.3-7 We report that the autoimmune PTPN2 risk variant rs1893217 promotes expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, and increases cellular entry mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Elevated ACE2 expression and viral entry were mediated by increased JAK-STAT signalling, and were reversed by the JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel risk biomarker for increased expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and viral entry, and identify a clinically approved therapeutic agent to mitigate this risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spalinger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordgren, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCole, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.416586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a Novel Susceptibility Marker for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Subjects and Risk Mitigation with a Clinically Approved JAK Inhibitor in Human/Mouse Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.417535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated scRNA-seq analysis identifies conserved transcriptomic features of mononuclear phagocytes in mouse and human atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.417535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleAccumulation of mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) in the vessel wall is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Although single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has shed new light on immune cell transcriptional diversity in atherosclerosis, it is still unknown whether the transcriptional states of mononuclear phagocytes are conserved between mouse and human atherosclerosis.

ObjectiveTo integrate and compare macrophage and dendritic cell transcriptomes in mouse and human atherosclerosis.

Methods and resultsWe integrated 12 scRNA-seq datasets of immune cells isolated from healthy or atherosclerotic mouse aortas, and scRNA-seq data from 11 patients (n=4 coronary vessels, n=7 carotid endarterectomy specimens) from two independent studies. Integration of mouse data recovered previously described macrophage populations and identified novel subpopulations with discrete transcriptomic signatures within populations of aortic resident (Lyve1), inflammatory (Il1b), as well as foamy (Trem2hi) macrophages. We identified unique transcriptomic features distinguishing aortic intimal resident macrophages from atherosclerosis-associated Trem2hi macrophages. Also, populations of Xcr1+ type 1 classical dendritic cells (cDC1), Cd209a+ cDC2 and mature DCs (Ccr7, Fscn1) were detected. In humans, we uncovered macrophage and dendritic cell populations with gene expression patterns similar to those observed in mice in both vascular beds. In particular, core transcripts of the foamy/Trem2hi signature (TREM2, SPP1, GPNMB, CD9) mapped to a specific population of macrophages in human lesions. Cross-species data integration demonstrated transcriptionally proximal macrophage and dendritic cell populations in mice and humans.

ConclusionsWe demonstrate conserved transcriptomics features of macrophages and dendritic cells in atherosclerosis in mice and humans, emphasizing the relevance of mouse models to study mononuclear phagocytes in atherosclerosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zernecke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erhard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, A.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.417535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated scRNA-seq analysis identifies conserved transcriptomic features of mononuclear phagocytes in mouse and human atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.418095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of early life adversity on maternal effort and glucocorticoids in wild olive baboons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.418095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adverse experiences during early life exert important effects on development, health, reproduction, and social bonds, with consequences often persisting across generations. A mothers early life experiences can impact her offsprings development through a number of pathways, such as maternal care, physiological signaling through glucocorticoids, or even intergenerational effects like epigenetic inheritance. Early life adversity in female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) predicts elevated glucocorticoids, reduced sociality, shortened lifespan, and higher offspring mortality. If baboon mothers with more early life adversity, experience poorer condition and struggle to provide for their offspring, this could contribute to the persisting transgenerational effects of adversity. Here, we examined the effects of mothers early life adversity on their maternal effort, physiology, and offspring survivability in a population of olive baboons, Papio anubis. Mothers who experienced more adversity in their own early development exerted greater maternal effort (i.e., spent more time nursing and carrying) and had higher glucocorticoid metabolites than mothers with less early life adversity. Offspring of mothers with more early life adversity had reduced survivability compared to offspring of mothers with less early life adversity. There was no evidence that high maternal social rank buffered against the effects of early life adversity. Our data suggest early life experiences can have lasting consequences on maternal effort and physiology, which may function as proximate mechanisms for intergenerational effects of maternal experience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patterson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinde, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bond, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trumble, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strum, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.11.418095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of early life adversity on maternal effort and glucocorticoids in wild olive baboons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.418426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TCRMatch: Predicting T-cell receptor specificity based on sequence similarity to previously characterized receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.11.418426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The adaptive immune system in vertebrates has evolved to recognize non-self-antigens, such as proteins expressed by infectious agents and mutated cancer cells. T cells play an important role in antigen recognition by expressing a diverse repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, which bind epitopes to mount targeted immune responses. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled the routine generation of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data. Identifying the specific epitopes targeted by different TCRs in these data would be valuable. To accomplish that, we took advantage of the ever-increasing number of TCRs with known epitope specificity curated in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) since 2004. We compared six metrics of sequence similarity to determine their power to predict if two TCRs have the same epitope specificity. We found that a comprehensive k-mer matching approach produced the best results, which we have implemented into TCRMatch, an openly accessible tool (http://tools.iedb.org/tcrmatch/) that takes TCR {beta}-chain CDR3 sequences as an input, identifies TCRs with a match in the IEDB, and reports the specificity of each match. We anticipate that this tool will provide new insights into T cell responses captured in receptor repertoire and single cell sequencing experiments and will facilitate the development of new strategies for monitoring and treatment of infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chronister, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crinklaw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vita, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosaloglu-Yalcin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowell, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.11.418426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TCRMatch: Predicting T-cell receptor specificity based on sequence similarity to previously characterized receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-coding loci without epigenomic signals can be essential for maintaining global chromatin organization and cell viability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The majority of the non-coding regions in the human genome do not harbor any annotated element and are even not marked with any epigenomic signal or protein binding. An understudied aspect of these regions is their possible roles in stabilizing the 3D chromatin organization. To illuminate their "structural importance", we chose to start with the non-coding regions forming many 3D contacts (referred to as hubs) and identified dozens of hubs essential for cell viability. Hi-C and single cell transcriptomic analyses showed that their deletion could significantly alter chromatin organization and impact gene expression located distal in the genome. This study revealed the 3D structural importance of non-coding loci that are not associated with any functional element, providing a new mechanistic understanding of the disease-associated genetic variations (GVs). Furthermore, our analyses also suggested a powerful approach to develop "one-drug-multiple-targets" therapeutics targeting the disease-specific non-coding regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-coding loci without epigenomic signals can be essential for maintaining global chromatin organization and cell viability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnapHiC: a computational pipeline to map chromatin contacts from single cell Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell Hi-C (scHi-C) analysis has been increasingly used to map the chromatin architecture in diverse tissue contexts, but computational tools to define chromatin contacts at high resolution from scHi-C data are still lacking. Here, we describe SnapHiC, a method that can identify chromatin loops at high resolution and accuracy from scHi-C data. We benchmark SnapHiC against HiCCUPS, a common tool for mapping chromatin contacts in bulk Hi-C data, using scHi-C data from 742 mouse embryonic stem cells. We further demonstrate its utility by analyzing single-nucleus methyl-3C-seq data from 2,869 human prefrontal cortical cells. We uncover cell-type-specific chromatin loops and predict putative target genes for non-coding sequence variants associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results suggest that SnapHiC could facilitate the analysis of cell-type-specific chromatin architecture and gene regulatory programs in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnapHiC: a computational pipeline to map chromatin contacts from single cell Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory elements can be essential for maintaining broad chromatin organization and cell viability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing evidence shows that promoters and enhancers could be related to 3D chromatin structure, thus affecting cellular functions. Except for functioning through the canonical chromatin loops formed by promoters and enhancers, their roles in maintaining broad chromatin organization have not been well studied. Here, we focused on the active promoters/enhancers (referred to as hotspots) predicted to form many 3D contacts with other active promoters/enhancers, and identified dozens of loci critical for cell survival. While the essentiality of hotspots is not resulted from their association with essential genes, deletion of an essential hotspot could lead to change of broad chromatin organization and expressions of distal genes. We demonstrated that multiple affected genes that are individually non-essential could have synergistic effects to cause cell death.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory elements can be essential for maintaining broad chromatin organization and cell viability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguishing the behavioral potencies of α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The -pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants first came to widespread attention because of bizarre behavior consequent to the use of -pyrrolidinopentiophenone (-PVP, "flakka") reported in the popular press. As with other designer drugs, diversification of cathiones has been driven by desireable subjective effects, but also by attempts to stay ahead of legal controls of specific molecules. The -pyrrolidinohexiophenone (-PHP) and -pyrrolidinopropiophenone (-PPP) compounds have been relatively under-investigated relative to -PVP and provide a key opportunity to also investigate structure-activity relationships, i.e., how the extension of the alpha carbon chain may affect potency or efficacy. Male and female rats were used to contrast the effects of -PHP and -PPP with those of -PVP in altering wheel activity and effects on spontaneous locomotion and body temperature were assessed in female rats. The -PHP and -PVP compounds (5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed wheel activity in female and male rats, whereas -PPP was only effective in female rats. Inhalation of -PHP or -PVP by female rats suppressed wheel activity for an abbreviated duration, compared with the injection route. Spontaneous activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner by all three compounds in female rats, and a small decrements in body temperature were observed after the highest dose of all three compounds. These data show that all three of the -pyrrolidino-phenone cathinones exhibit significant stimulant-like activity in both male and female rats. Differences were minor and were mostly in potency and the duration of activity. Abuse liability is therefore likely to be equivalent for all three pyrrolidino-phenones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandewater, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickerson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.422779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguishing the behavioral potencies of α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FOXO1 mitigates the SMAD3/FOXL2C134W Transcriptomic Effect in a Model of Human Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAdult granulosa cell tumor (aGCT) is a rare type of stromal cell malignant cancer of the ovary characterized by elevated estrogen levels. aGCTs ubiquitously harbor a somatic mutation in FOXL2 gene, Cys134Trp (c.402C<G); however, the general molecular effect of this mutation and its putative pathogenic role in aGCT tumorigenesis is not completely understood. We previously studied the role of FOXL2C134W, its partner SMAD3 and its antagonist FOXO1 in cellular models of aGCT.

MethodsIn this work, seeking more comprehensive profiling of FOXL2C134W transcriptomic effects, we performed an RNA-seq analysis comparing the effect of FOXL2WT/SMAD3 and FOXL2C143W/SMAD3 overexpression in an established human GC line (HGrC1), which is not luteinized, and bears normal alleles of FOXL2.

ResultsOur data shows that FOXL2C143W/SMAD3 overexpression alters the expression of 717 genes. These genes include known and novel FOXL2 targets (TGFB2, SMARCA4, HSPG2, MKI67, NFKBIA) and are enriched for neoplastic pathways (Proteoglycans in Cancer, Chromatin remodeling, Apoptosis, Tissue Morphogenesis, Tyrosine Kinase Receptors). We additionally expressed the FOXL2 antagonistic Forkhead protein, FOXO1. Surprisingly, overexpression of FOXO1 mitigated 40% of the altered genome-wide effects specifically related to FOXL2C134W, suggesting it can be a new target for aGCT treatment.

Conclusionsour transcriptomic data provide novel insights into potential genes (FOXO1 regulated) that could be used as biomarkers of efficacy in aGCT patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Secchi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stupack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimasaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FOXO1 mitigates the SMAD3/FOXL2C134W Transcriptomic Effect in a Model of Human Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Theory of Synaptic Transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid and precise neuronal communication is enabled through a highly synchronous release of signaling molecules neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft within just milliseconds of the action potential. Yet neurotransmitter release lacks a theoretical framework that is both phenomenologically accurate and mechanistically realistic. Here, we formulate an analytic theory of the action-potential-triggered neurotransmitter release at a chemical synapse. The theory captures general principles of synaptic transmission while generating concrete predictions for particular synapses. A universal scaling in synaptic transmission is established, and demonstrated through a collapse of experimental data from different synapses onto a universal curve. The theory shows how key characteristics of synaptic function - plasticity, fidelity, and efficacy - emerge from molecular mechanisms of neurotransmitter release machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.17.423159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Theory of Synaptic Transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive integration of self-motion and goals in posterior parietal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals engage in a variety of navigational behaviors that require different regimes of behavioral control. In the wild, rats readily switch between foraging and more complex behaviors such as chase, wherein they pursue other rats or small prey. These tasks require vastly different tracking of multiple behaviorally-significant variables including self-motion state. It is unknown whether changes in navigational context flexibly modulate the encoding of these variables. To explore this possibility, we compared self-motion processing in the multisensory posterior parietal cortex while rats performed alternating blocks of free foraging and visual target pursuit. Animals performed the pursuit task and demonstrated predictive processing by anticipating target trajectories and intercepting them. Relative to free exploration, pursuit sessions yielded greater proportions of parietal cortex neurons with reliable sensitivity to self-motion. Multiplicative gain modulation was observed during pursuit which increased the dynamic range of tuning and led to enhanced decoding accuracy of self-motion state. We found that self-motion sensitivity in parietal cortex was history-dependent regardless of behavioral context but that the temporal window of self-motion tracking was extended during target pursuit. Finally, many self-motion sensitive neurons conjunctively tracked the position of the visual target relative to the animal in egocentric coordinates, thus providing a potential coding mechanism for the observed gain changes to self-motion signals. We conclude that posterior parietal cortex dynamically integrates behaviorally-relevant information in response to ongoing task demands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelley, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasselmo, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.19.423589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive integration of self-motion and goals in posterior parietal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by gallinamide A and analogues via inhibition of cathepsin L 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.424111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, and the subsequent COVID-19 pandemic, has led to substantial mortality, together with mass global disruption. There is an urgent need for novel antiviral drugs for therapeutic or prophylactic application. Cathepsin L is a key host cysteine protease utilized by coronaviruses for cell entry and is recognized as a promising drug target. The marine natural product, gallinamide A and several synthetic analogues, were identified as potent inhibitors of cathepsin L activity with IC50 values in the picomolar range. Lead molecules possessed selectivity over cathepsin B and other related human cathepsin proteases and did not exhibit inhibitory activity against viral proteases Mpro and PLpro. We demonstrate that gallinamide A and two lead analogues potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, with EC50 values in the nanomolar range, thus further highlighting the potential of cathepsin L as a COVID-19 antiviral drug target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashhurst, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoye, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larance, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beretta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drelich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hook, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turville, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by gallinamide A and analogues via inhibition of cathepsin L]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The N-terminal Tail of C. elegans CENP-A Interacts with KNL-2 and is Essential for Centromeric Chromatin Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are epigenetically defined by the presence of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A. A specialized loading machinery, including the histone chaperone HJURP/Scm3, participates in CENP-A nucleosome assembly. However, Scm3/HJURP is missing from multiple lineages, including nematodes, which rely on a CENP-A-dependent centromere. Here, we show that the extended N-terminal tail of C. elegans CENP-A contains a predicted structured region that is essential for centromeric chromatin assembly. Removal of this region of the CENP-A N-Tail prevents loading, resulting in failure of kinetochore assembly and defective chromosome condensation. By contrast, the N-Tail mutant CENP-A localizes normally in the presence of endogenous CENP-A. The portion of the N-Tail containing the predicted structured region binds to KNL-2, a conserved SANTA and Myb domain-containing protein (referred to as M18BP1 in vertebrates), that is specifically involved in CENP-A chromatin assembly. This direct interaction is conserved in the related nematode C. briggsae, despite divergence of the N-Tail and KNL-2 primary sequences. Thus, the extended N-Tail of CENP-A is essential for CENP-A chromatin assembly in C. elegans and partially substitutes for the function of Scm3/HJURP, in that it mediates an interaction of the specialized histone fold of CENP-A with KNL-2. These results highlight an evolutionary variation on centromeric chromatin assembly in the absence of a dedicated CENP-A-specific chaperone/targeting factor of the Scm3/HJURP family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Groot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerson-Gurwitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiau, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.424576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The N-terminal Tail of C. elegans CENP-A Interacts with KNL-2 and is Essential for Centromeric Chromatin Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preventing post-surgical cardiac adhesions with a catechol-functionalized oxime hydrogel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-surgical cardiac adhesions represent a significant problem during routine cardiothoracic procedures. This fibrous tissue can impair heart function and inhibit surgical access in reoperation procedures. Here, we propose a novel hydrogel barrier composed of oxime crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with the inclusion of a catechol (Cat) group to improve retention on the heart for pericardial adhesion prevention. This three component system is comprised of aldehyde (Ald), aminooxy (AO), and Cat functionalized PEG mixed to form the final gel (Ald-AO-Cat). Ald-AO-Cat has favorable mechanical properties, degradation kinetics, and minimal swelling, as well as superior tissue retention compared to an initial Ald-AO gel formulation. We show that the material is cytocompatible, resists cell adhesion, and led to a reduction in the severity of adhesion in an in vivo rat model and a pilot porcine study. The Ald-AO-Cat hydrogel barrier may therefore serve as a promising solution for preventing post-surgical cardiac adhesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Policastro, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ungerleider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braden, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omens, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.29.424755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preventing post-surgical cardiac adhesions with a catechol-functionalized oxime hydrogel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An amiRNA screen uncovers redundant CBF & ERF34/35 transcription factors that differentially regulate arsenite and cadmium responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arsenic stress causes rapid transcriptional responses in plants. However, transcriptional regulators of arsenic-induced gene expression in plants remain less well known. To date, forward genetic screens have proven limited for dissecting arsenic response mechanisms. We hypothesized that this may be due to the extensive genetic redundancy present in plant genomes. To overcome this limitation, we pursued a forward genetics screen for arsenite tolerance using a randomized library of plants expressing >2,000 artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs). This library was designed to knock-down diverse combinations of homologous gene family members within sub-clades of transcription factor and transporter gene families. We identified six transformant lines showing an altered response to arsenite in root growth assays. Further characterization of an amiRNA line targeting closely homologous CBF and ERF transcription factors show that the CBF1,2 and 3 transcription factors negatively regulate arsenite sensitivity. Furthermore, the ERF34 and ERF35 transcription factors are required for cadmium resistance. Generation of CRISPR lines, higher-order T-DNA mutants, and gene expression analyses, further support our findings. These ERF transcription factors differentially regulate arsenite sensitivity and cadmium tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jobe, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.30.424898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An amiRNA screen uncovers redundant CBF & ERF34/35 transcription factors that differentially regulate arsenite and cadmium responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424868v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canonical features of human antibodies recognizing the influenza hemagglutinin trimer interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424868v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Broadly reactive antibodies targeting the influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) head domain are thought to be rare and to require extensive somatic mutations or unusual structural features to achieve breadth against divergent HA subtypes. Here we describe common genetic and structural features of diverse human antibodies from several individuals recognizing the trimer interface (TI) of the influenza HA head, a recently identified site of vulnerability1-3. We examined the sequence of TI-reactive antibodies, determined crystal structures for TI antibody-antigen complexes, and analyzed the contact residues of the antibodies on HA to discover common genetic and structural features of TI antibodies. Our data reveal that many TI antibodies are encoded by a light chain variable gene segment incorporating a shared somatic mutation. In addition, these antibodies have a shared acidic residue in the heavy chain despite originating from diverse heavy chain variable gene segments. These studies show that the TI region of influenza HA is a major antigenic site with conserved structural features that are recognized by a common human B cell public clonotype. The canonical nature of this antibody-antigen interaction suggests that the TI epitope might serve as an important new target for structure-based vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zost, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchuk, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilchuk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornburg, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bangaru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bombardi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nargi, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irving, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suryadevara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westover, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnahan, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.31.424868</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canonical features of human antibodies recognizing the influenza hemagglutinin trimer interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive multi-omics study of the molecular perturbations induced by simulated diabetes on coronary artery endothelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronary artery endothelial cells (CAEC) exert an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Dysfunction of CAEC is associated with cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, comprehensive studies of the effects that a diabetic environment exerts on this cellular type scarce. The present study characterized the molecular perturbations occurring on cultured bovine CAEC subjected to a prolonged diabetic environment (high glucose [HG] and high insulin [HI]). Changes at the metabolite and peptide level were assessed by untargeted metabolomics and chemoinformatics, and the results were integrated with proteomics data using published SWATH-based proteomics on the same in vitro model. Our findings were consistent with reports on other endothelial cell types, but also identified novel signatures of DNA/RNA, aminoacid, peptide, and lipid metabolism in cells under a diabetic environment. Manual data inspection revealed disturbances on tryptophan catabolism and biosynthesis of phenylalanine-based, glutathione-based, and proline-based peptide metabolites. Fluorescence microscopy detected an increase in binucleation in cells under treatment that also occurred when human CAEC were used. This multi-omics study identified particular molecular perturbations in an induced diabetic environment that could help unravel the mechanisms underlying the development of cardiovascular disease in subjects with T2DM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Ulloa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado De la Herran, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez Delgado, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza Porras, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carballo Castaneda, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.06.425584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive multi-omics study of the molecular perturbations induced by simulated diabetes on coronary artery endothelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoration of deficient DNA Repair Genes Mitigates Genome Instability and Increases Productivity of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are the primary host used for manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. However, production instability of high-titer cell lines is a major problem and is associated with genome instability, as chromosomal aberrations reduce transgene copy number and decrease protein titer. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 11 CHO cell lines and found deleterious single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes. Comparison with other mammalian cells confirmed DNA repair is compromised in CHO. Restoration of key DNA repair genes by SNP reversal or expression of intact cDNAs improved DNA repair and genome stability. Moreover, the restoration of LIG4 and XRCC6 in a CHO cell line expressing secreted alkaline phosphatase mitigated transgene copy loss and improved protein titer retention. These results show for the first time that correction of key DNA repair genes yields considerable improvements in stability and protein expression in CHO, and provide new opportunities for cell line development and a more efficient and sustainable production of therapeutic proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spahn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamaker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.07.425558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoration of deficient DNA Repair Genes Mitigates Genome Instability and Increases Productivity of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.426013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidating the CodY regulon in Staphylococcus aureus USA300 substrains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.426013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CodY is a conserved broad acting transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes related to amino acid metabolism and virulence in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). CodY target genes have been studied by using in vitro DNA affinity purification and deep sequencing (IDAP-Seq). Here we performed the first in vivo determination of CodY target genes using a novel CodY monoclonal antibody in established ChIP-exo protocols. Our results showed, 1) the same 135 CodY promoter binding sites regulating 165 target genes identified in two closely related virulent S. aureus USA300 TCH1516 and LAC strains; 2) The differential binding intensity for the same target genes under the same conditions was due to sequence differences in the same CodY binding site in the two strains; 3) Based on transcriptomic data, a CodY regulon comprising 72 target genes that are differentially regulated relative to a CodY deletion strain, representing genes that are mainly involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, transcription and translation, and virulence; and 4) CodY systematically regulated central metabolic flux to generate branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) by mapping the CodY regulon onto a genome-scale metabolic model of S. aureus. Our study performed the first system-level analysis of CodY in two closely related USA300 TCH1516 and LAC strains giving new insights into the similarities and differences of CodY regulatory roles between the closely related strains.

ImportanceWith the increasing availability of whole genome sequences for many strains within the same pathogenic species, a comparative analysis of key regulators is needed to understand how the different strains uniquely coordinate metabolism and expression of virulence. To successfully infect the human host, Staphylococcus aureus USA300 relies on the transcription factor CodY to reorganize metabolism and express virulence factors. While CodY is a known key transcription factor, its target genes are not characterized on a genome-wide basis. We performed a comparative analysis to describe the transcriptional regulation of CodY between two dominant USA300 strains. This study motivates the characterization of common pathogenic strains and an evaluation of the possibility of developing specialized treatments for major strains circulating in the population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.426013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidating the CodY regulon in Staphylococcus aureus USA300 substrains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.425739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleus accumbens neurons encode initiation and vigor of reward approach behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.425739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is considered an interface between motivation and action, with NAc neurons playing an important role in promoting reward approach. However, the encoding by NAc neurons that contribute to this role remains unknown. Here, we trained male rats to find rewards in an 8-arm radial maze. The activity of 62 neurons, mostly in the shell of the NAc, were recorded while rats ran towards each reward place. General linear model (GLM) analysis showed that variables related to the vigor of the locomotor approach, like speed and acceleration, and the fraction of the approach run completed were the best predictors of the firing rate for most NAc neurons. Nearly 23% of the recorded neurons, here named locomotion-off cells, were inhibited during the entire approach run, suggesting that reduction in firing of these neurons promotes initiation of locomotor approach. Another 24% of the neurons presented a peak of activity during acceleration followed by a valley during deceleration (peak-valley cells). Together, these neurons accounted for most of the speed and acceleration encoding identified in the GLM analysis. Cross-correlations between firing and speed indicated that the spikes of peak-valley cells were followed by increases in speed, suggesting that the activity of these neurons drives acceleration. In contrast, a further 19% of neurons presented a valley during acceleration followed by a peak just prior to or after reaching reward (valley-peak cells). These findings suggest that these three classes of NAc neurons control the initiation and vigor of the locomotor approach to reward.

Significance StatementDeciphering the mechanisms by which the NAc controls the vigor of motivated behavior is critical to better understand and treat psychiatric conditions in which motivation is dysregulated. Manipulations of the NAc profoundly impair subjects ability to spontaneously approach reward-associated locations, preventing them from exerting effort to obtain reward. Here, we identify for the first time specific activity of NAc neurons in relation to spontaneous approach behavior. We discover three classes of neurons that could control initiation of movement and the speed vs. time trajectory during locomotor approach. These results suggest a prominent but heretofore unknown role for the NAc in regulating the kinematics of reward approach locomotion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levcik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugi, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pochapski, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltazar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulido, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villas-Boas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Rivera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes-Flores, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicola, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Cunha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.425739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleus accumbens neurons encode initiation and vigor of reward approach behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SLIM1 transcription factor regulates arsenic sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulators of arsenic-induced gene expression remain largely unknown. Sulfur assimilation is tightly linked with arsenic detoxification. Here we report that mutant alleles in the SLIM1 transcription factor are substantially more sensitive to arsenic than cadmium. Arsenic treatment caused high levels of oxidative stress in the slim1 mutants, and slim1 alleles were impaired in both thiol and sulfate accumulation. We further found enhanced arsenic accumulation in roots of slim1 mutants. Transcriptome analyses indicate an important role for SLIM1 in arsenic-induced tolerance mechanisms. The present study identifies the SLIM1 transcription factor as an essential component in arsenic tolerance and arsenic-induced gene expression. Our results suggest that the severe arsenic sensitivity of the slim1 mutants is caused by altered redox status.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jobe, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maassen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopriva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.426316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SLIM1 transcription factor regulates arsenic sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale genetic association and single cell accessible chromatin mapping defines cell type-specific mechanisms of type 1 diabetes risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex disease into mechanistic insight requires a comprehensive understanding of risk variant effects on disease-relevant cell types. To uncover cell type-specific mechanisms of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk, we combined genetic association mapping and single cell epigenomics. We performed the largest to-date GWAS of T1D in 489,679 samples imputed into 59.2M variants, which identified 74 novel association signals including several large-effect rare variants. Fine-mapping of 141 total signals substantially improved resolution of causal variant credible sets, which primarily mapped to non-coding sequence. To annotate cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms of T1D risk variants, we mapped 448,142 candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in pancreas and peripheral blood mononuclear cell types using snATAC-seq of 131,554 nuclei. T1D risk variants were enriched in cCREs active in CD4+ T cells as well as several additional cell types including pancreatic exocrine acinar and ductal cells. High-probability T1D risk variants at multiple signals mapped to exocrine-specific cCREs including novel loci near CEL, GP2 and CFTR. At the CFTR locus, the likely causal variant rs7795896 mapped in a ductal-specific distal cCRE which regulated CFTR and the risk allele reduced transcription factor binding, enhancer activity and CFTR expression in ductal cells. These findings support a role for the exocrine pancreas in T1D pathogenesis and highlight the power of combining large-scale GWAS and single cell epigenomics to provide insight into the cellular origins of complex disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geusz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korgaonkar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale genetic association and single cell accessible chromatin mapping defines cell type-specific mechanisms of type 1 diabetes risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modality-specific tracking of attention and sensory statistics in the human electrophysiological spectral exponent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of electrophysiological brain activity is its 1/f-like spectrum - power decreases with increasing frequency. The steepness of this "roll-off" is approximated by the spectral exponent, which in invasively recorded neural populations reflects the balance of excitatory to inhibitory neural activity (E:I balance). Here, we first establish that the spectral exponent of non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is highly sensitive to general (i.e., anaesthesia-driven) changes in E:I balance. Building on the EEG spectral exponent as a viable marker of E:I, we then demonstrate its sensitivity to the focus of selective attention in an EEG experiment during which participants detected targets in simultaneous audio-visual noise. In addition to these endogenous changes in E:I balance, EEG spectral exponents over auditory and visual sensory cortices also tracked auditory and visual stimulus spectral exponents, respectively. Individuals degree of this selective stimulus-brain coupling in spectral exponents predicted behavioural performance. Our results highlight the rich information contained in 1/f-like neural activity, providing a window into diverse neural processes previously thought to be inaccessible in non-invasive human recordings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waschke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiedler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obleser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modality-specific tracking of attention and sensory statistics in the human electrophysiological spectral exponent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A triple-negative matrix-producing breast carcinoma is arrested by tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in a PDOX model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background/AimMatrix-producing breast carcinoma (MPBC), is a rare, recalcitrant and highly aggressive. The present study aimed to determine the efficacy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) A1-R on a triple-negative MPBC in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model.

MethodsThe PDOX model was established in the left second mammary gland of a nude mouse by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of the patient triple-negative MPBC PDOX models were randomized into two groups: G1, control group (n=6); G2, tumor-targeting S. typhimurium A1-R group (n=7, intravenous (i.v.) injection via tail vein, weekly, for two weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Tumor volume and body weight were measured one time per week.

ResultsS. typhimurium A1-R arrested tumor growth compared to the control group (P = 0.016).

ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R has future clinical potential in triple-negative MPBC patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hozumi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murata, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugisawa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishino, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.14.426747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A triple-negative matrix-producing breast carcinoma is arrested by tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in a PDOX model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
All-optical electrophysiology in hiPSC-derived neurons with synthetic voltage sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Voltage imaging and "all-optical electrophysiology" in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons have opened unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput phenotyping of activity in neurons possessing unique genetic backgrounds of individual patients. While prior all-optical electrophysiology studies relied on genetically encoded voltage indicators, viral transduction of human neurons with large or multiple expression vectors can impact cell function and often lead to massive cell death. Here, we demonstrate an alternative protocol using a synthetic voltage sensor and genetically encoded optogenetic actuator that generate robust and reproducible results. We demonstrate the functionality of this method by measuring spontaneous and evoked activity in three independent hiPSC-derived neuronal cell lines with distinct genetic backgrounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puppo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadegh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thunemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenberghe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkouh, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloodgood, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einevoll, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.18.427081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[All-optical electrophysiology in hiPSC-derived neurons with synthetic voltage sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alignment of biomedical data repositories with open, FAIR, citable and trustworthy principles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing attention is being paid to the operation of biomedical data repositories in light of efforts to improve how scientific data is handled and made available for the long term. Multiple groups have produced recommendations for functions that biomedical repositories should support, with many using requirements of the FAIR data principles as guidelines. However, FAIR is but one set of principles that has arisen out of the open science community. They are joined by principles governing open science, data citation and trustworthiness, all of which are important aspects for biomedical data repositories to support. Together, these define a framework for data repositories that we call OFCT: Open, FAIR, Citable and Trustworthy. Here we developed an instrument using the open source PolicyModels toolkit that attempts to operationalize key aspects of OFCT principles and piloted the instrument by evaluating eight biomedical community repositories listed by the NIDDK Information Network (dkNET.org). Repositories included both specialist repositories that focused on a particular data type or domain, in this case diabetes and metabolomics, and generalist repositories that accept all data types and domains. The goal of this work was both to obtain a sense of how much the design of current biomedical data repositories align with these principles and to augment the dkNET listing with additional information that may be important to investigators trying to choose a repository, e.g., does the repository fully support data citation? The evaluation was performed from March to November 2020 through inspection of documentation and interaction with the sites by the authors. Overall, although there was little explicit acknowledgement of any of the OFCT principles in our sample, the majority of repositories provided at least some support for their tenets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bar-Sinai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alignment of biomedical data repositories with open, FAIR, citable and trustworthy principles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MrHAMER yields highly accurate single molecule viral sequences enabling analysis of intra-host evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Technical challenges remain in the sequencing of RNA viruses due to their high intra-host diversity. This bottleneck is particularly pronounced when interrogating long-range co-evolution given the read-length limitations of next-generation sequencing platforms. This has hampered the direct observation of long-range genetic interactions that code for protein-protein interfaces with relevance in both drug and vaccine development. Here we overcome these technical limitations by developing a nanopore-based long-range viral sequencing pipeline that yields accurate single molecule sequences of circulating virions from clinical samples. We demonstrate its utility in observing the evolution of individual HIV Gag-Pol genomes in response to antiviral pressure. Our pipeline, called Multi-read Hairpin Mediated Error-correction Reaction (MrHAMER), yields >1000s viral genomes per sample at 99.9% accuracy, maintains the original proportion of sequenced virions present in a complex mixture, and allows the detection of rare viral genomes with their associated mutations present at <1% frequency. This method facilitates scalable investigation of genetic correlates of resistance to both antiviral therapy and immune pressure, and enable the identification of novel host-viral and viral-viral interfaces that can be modulated for therapeutic benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallardo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montiel-Garcia, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Routh, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torbett, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MrHAMER yields highly accurate single molecule viral sequences enabling analysis of intra-host evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phage Cocktails can Prevent the Evolution of Phage-Resistant Enterococcus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic resistant Enterococcus infections are a major health crisis that requires the development of alternative therapies. Phage therapy could be an alternative to antibiotics and has shown promise in in vitro and in early clinical studies. Phage therapy is often deployed as a cocktail of phages, but there is little understanding of how to most effectively combine phages. Here we utilized a collection of 20 Enterococcus phages to test principles of phage cocktail design and determine the phenotypic effects of evolving phage resistance in Enterococcus isolates that were susceptible or resistant to antibiotics (e.g., Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)). We tested the ability of each phage to clear Enterococcus host cultures and prevent the emergence of phage resistant Enterococcus. We found that some phages which were ineffective individually were effective at clearing the bacterial culture when used in cocktails. To understand the dynamics within phage cocktails, we used qPCR to track which phages increased in abundance in each cocktail, and saw dynamics ranging from one dominant phage to even phage growth. Further, we isolated several phage-resistant mutants to test for altered Vancomycin sensitivity. We found that mutants tended to have no change or slightly increased resistance to Vancomycin. By demonstrating the efficacy of phage cocktails in suppressing growth of antibiotic susceptible and VRE clinical isolates when exposed to phages, this work will help to inform cocktail design for future phage therapy applications.

IMPORTANCEAntibiotic resistant Enterococcus infections are a major health crisis that requires the development of alternative therapies. Phage therapy could be an alternative to antibiotics and has shown promise in in vitro and in early clinical studies. Phage therapy in the form of cocktails is often suggested, with similar goals as the combination therapy that has been successful in the treatment of HIV infection, but there is little understanding about how to combine phages most effectively. Here we utilized a collection of 20 Enterococcus phages to test whether several phage cocktails could prevent the host from evolving resistance to therapy and to determine whether evolving resistance to phages affected host susceptibility to antibiotics. We showed that cocktails of two or three unrelated phages often prevented the growth of phage-resistant mutants, when the same phages applied individually were not able to.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wandro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatbale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samillano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phage Cocktails can Prevent the Evolution of Phage-Resistant Enterococcus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomembranes undergo complex, non-axisymmetric deformations governed by Kirchhoff-Love kinematics and revealed by a three dimensional computational framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomembranes play a central role in various phenomena like locomotion of cells, cell-cell interactions, packaging and transport of nutrients, transmission of nerve impulses, and in maintaining organelle morphology and functionality. During these processes, the membranes undergo significant morphological changes through deformation, scission, and fusion. Modeling the underlying mechanics of such morphological changes has traditionally relied on reduced order axisymmetric representations of membrane geometry and deformation. Axisymmetric representations, while robust and extensively deployed, suffer from their inability to model symmetry breaking deformations and structural bifurcations. To address this limitation, a three-dimensional computational mechanics framework for high fidelity modeling of biomembrane deformation is presented. The proposed framework brings together Kirchhoff-Love thin-shell kinematics, Helfrich-energy based mechanics, and state-of-the-art numerical techniques for modeling deformation of surface geometries. Lipid bilayers are represented as spline-based surface discretizations immersed in a three-dimensional space; this enables modeling of a wide spectrum of membrane geometries, boundary conditions, and deformations that are physically admissible in a 3D space. The mathematical basis of the framework and its numerical machinery are presented, and their utility is demonstrated by modeling three classical, yet non-trivial, membrane deformation problems: formation of tubular shapes and their lateral constriction, Piezo1-induced membrane footprint generation and gating response, and the budding of membranes by protein coats during endocytosis. For each problem, the full three dimensional membrane deformation is captured, potential symmetry-breaking deformation paths identified, and various case studies of boundary and load conditions are presented. Using the endocytic vesicle budding as a case study, we also present a "phase diagram" for its symmetric and broken-symmetry states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Auddya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garikipati, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudraraju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomembranes undergo complex, non-axisymmetric deformations governed by Kirchhoff-Love kinematics and revealed by a three dimensional computational framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recombinant production of a functional SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant production of viral proteins can be used to produce vaccine antigens or reagents to identify antibodies in patient serum. Minimally, these proteins must be correctly folded and have appropriate post-translation modifications. Here we report the production of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) in the green algae Chlamydomonas. RBD fused to a fluorescent reporter protein accumulates as an intact protein when targeted for ER-Golgi retention or secreted from the cell, while a chloroplast localized version is truncated, lacking the amino terminus. The ER-retained RBD fusion protein was able to bind the human ACE2 receptor, the host target of SARS-CoV-2, and was specifically out-competed by mammalian cell-produced recombinant RBD, suggesting that the algae produced proteins are sufficiently post-translationally modified to act as authentic SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Because algae can be grown at large scale very inexpensively, this recombinant protein may be a low cost alternative to other expression platforms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berndt, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smalley, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sproles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Tiji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heredia, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recombinant production of a functional SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non cell-autonomous effect of astrocytes on cerebral cavernous malformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common neurovascular lesions caused by loss-of-function mutations in one of three genes, including KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2, and PDCD10 (CCM3), and generally regarded as an endothelial cell-autonomous disease. Here we report that proliferative astrocytes play a critical role in CCM pathogenesis by serving as a major source of VEGF during CCM lesion formation. An increase in astrocyte VEGF synthesis is driven by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generated as a consequence of KLF2 and KLF4-dependent elevation of eNOS in CCM endothelium. The increased brain endothelial production of NO stabilizes HIF-1 in astrocytes, resulting in increased VEGF production and expression of a "hypoxic" program under normoxic conditions. We show that the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a direct HIF-1 target gene and a known component of the hypoxic program, contributes to the development of CCM lesions because the administration of a COX-2 inhibitor significantly prevents progression of CCM lesions. Thus, non-cell-autonomous crosstalk between CCM endothelium and astrocytes propels vascular lesion development, and components of the hypoxic program represent potential therapeutic targets for CCMs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soliman, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCurdy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lightle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenkar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulsen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongol, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagarrigue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awad, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non cell-autonomous effect of astrocytes on cerebral cavernous malformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.428537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary Maps for Location and Environmental Structure in CA1 and Subiculum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.428537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dorsal subiculum lies among a network of interconnected brain regions that collectively map multiple spatial and orientational relationships between an organism and the boundaries and pathways composing its environment. A unique role of the subiculum in spatial information processing has yet to be defined despite reports of small neuron subpopulations that encode relationships to specific boundaries, axes of travel, or locations. We examined the activity patterns among populations of subiculum neurons during performance of a spatial working memory task performed within a complex network of interconnected pathways. Compared to neurons in hippocampal sub-region CA1, a major source of its afferents, subiculum neurons were far more likely to exhibit multiple firing fields at locations that were analogous with respect to path structure and function. Subiculum neuron populations were also found to exhibit a greater dynamic range in scale of spatial representation and for persistent patterns of spiking activity to be aligned to transitions between maze segments. Together, the findings indicate that the subiculum plays a unique role in spatial mapping, one that complements the location-specific firing of CA1 neurons with the encoding of emergent and recurring structural features of a complex path network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.428537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary Maps for Location and Environmental Structure in CA1 and Subiculum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potential global impact of the N501Y mutation on MHC-II presentation and immune escape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant, characterized by the N501Y mutation, is rapidly emerging, raising concerns about its effectiveness on natural as well as vaccine-induced adaptive viral immunity at the population level. Since CD4 T cell responses are of critical importance to the antibody response, we examined the global effects of N501Y mutation on MHC-II presentation compared to the N501 wildtype and found poorer presentation across the majority of MHC-II alleles. This suggests that the N501Y mutation may not only diminish binding of antibodies to the RBD but also interfere with their production by weakening the cooperation between T and B cells, facilitating immune escape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potential global impact of the N501Y mutation on MHC-II presentation and immune escape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PDE9 Inhibition Activates PPARa to Stimulate Mitochondrial Fat Metabolism and Reduce Cardiometabolic Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central obesity with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a major global contributor to human disease, and effective therapies are needed. Here, we show inhibiting cyclic-GMP selective phosphodiesterase-9A (PDE9-I) suppresses established diet-induced obesity and CMS in ovariectomized female and male mice. PDE9-I reduces abdominal, hepatic, and myocardial fat accumulation, stimulates mitochondrial activity in brown and white fat, and improves CMS, without altering activity or food intake. PDE9 localizes to mitochondria, and its inhibition stimulates lipolysis and mitochondrial respiration coupled to PPAR-dependent gene regulation. PPAR upregulation is required for PDE9-I metabolic efficacy and is absent in non-ovariectomized females that also display no metabolic benefits from PDE9-I. The latter is compatible with estrogen receptor- altering PPAR chromatin binding identified by ChIPSeq. In humans with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, myocardial expression of PPARA and its regulated genes is reduced versus control. These findings support testing PDE9-I to treat obesity/CMS in men and postmenopausal women.

SummaryOral inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 9 stimulates mitochondrial fat metabolism and lipolysis, reducing central obesity without changing appetite
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadagopan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunkerly-Eyring, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarver, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceddia, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashok, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oeing, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangoiti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kass, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PDE9 Inhibition Activates PPARa to Stimulate Mitochondrial Fat Metabolism and Reduce Cardiometabolic Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The purine nucleoside phosphorylase pnp-1 regulates epithelial cell resistance to infection  in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intestinal epithelial cells are subject to attack by a diverse array of microbes, including intracellular as well as extracellular pathogens. While defense in epithelial cells can be triggered by pattern recognition receptor-mediated detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns, there is much to be learned about how they sense infection via perturbations of host physiology, which often occur during infection. A recently described host defense response in the nematode C. elegans called the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) can be triggered by infection with diverse natural intracellular pathogens, as well as by perturbations to protein homeostasis. From a forward genetic screen, we identified the C. elegans ortholog of purine nucleoside phosphorylase pnp-1 as a negative regulator of IPR gene expression, as well as a negative regulator of genes induced by extracellular pathogens. Accordingly, pnp-1 mutants have resistance to both intracellular and extracellular pathogens. Metabolomics analysis indicates that C. elegans pnp-1 likely has enzymatic activity similar to its human ortholog, serving to convert purine nucleosides into free bases. Classic genetic studies have shown how mutations in human purine nucleoside phosphorylase cause immunodeficiency due to T-cell dysfunction. Here we show that C. elegans pnp-1 acts in intestinal epithelial cells to regulate defense. Altogether, these results indicate that perturbations in purine metabolism are likely monitored as a cue to promote defense against epithelial infection in the nematode C. elegans.

Author summaryAll life requires purine nucleotides. However, obligate intracellular pathogens are incapable of generating their own purine nucleotides and thus have evolved strategies to steal these nucleotides from host cells in order to support their growth and replication. Using the small roundworm C. elegans, we show that infection with natural obligate intracellular pathogens is impaired by loss of pnp-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the vertebrate purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which is an enzyme involved in salvaging purines. Loss of pnp-1 leads to altered levels of purine nucleotide precursors and increased expression of Intracellular Pathogen Response genes, which are induced by viral and fungal intracellular pathogens of C. elegans. In addition, we find that loss of pnp-1 increases resistance to extracellular pathogen infection and increases expression of genes involved in extracellular pathogen defense. Interestingly, studies from 1975 found that mutations in human PNP impair T-cell immunity, whereas our findings here indicate C. elegans pnp-1 regulates intestinal epithelial immunity. Overall, our work indicates that host purine homeostasis regulates resistance to both intracellular and extracellular pathogen infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tecle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhan, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Underwood, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna-Rose, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The purine nucleoside phosphorylase pnp-1 regulates epithelial cell resistance to infection  in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and Functional Characterization of Pro-growth Enhancers in Human Cancer Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precision medicine depends critically on developing treatment strategies that can selectively target cancer cells with minimal adverse effects. Identifying unique transcriptional regulators of oncogenic signaling, and targeting cancer-cell-specific enhancers that may be active only in specific tumor cell lineages, could provide the necessary high specificity, but a scarcity of functionally validated enhancers in cancer cells presents a significant hurdle to this strategy. We address this limitation by carrying out large-scale functional screens for pro-growth enhancers using highly multiplexed CRISPR-based perturbation and sequencing in multiple cancer cell lines. We used this strategy to identify 488 pro-growth enhancers in a colorectal cancer cell line and 22 functional enhancers for the MYC and MYB key oncogenes in an additional nine cancer cell lines. The majority of pro-growth enhancers are accessible and presumably active only in cancer cells but not in normal tissues, and are enriched for elements associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. We further identify master transcriptional regulators and demonstrate that the cancer pro-growth enhancers are modulated by lineage-specific transcription factors acting downstream of growth signaling pathways. Our results uncover context-specific, potentially actionable pro-growth enhancers from cancer cells, yielding insight into altered oncogenic transcription and revealing potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiaux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.04.429675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and Functional Characterization of Pro-growth Enhancers in Human Cancer Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.430027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Derived loss of signal complexity and plasticity in a genus of weakly electric fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.430027v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signal plasticity can maximize the usefulness of costly animal signals such as the electric organ discharges (EODs) of weakly electric fishes. Some species of the order Gymnotiformes rapidly alter their EOD amplitude and duration in response to circadian cues and social stimuli. How this plasticity is maintained across related species with different degrees of signal complexity is poorly understood. In one genus of weakly electric gymnotiform fish (Brachyhypopomus) only one species, B. bennetti, produces a monophasic signal while all other species emit complex biphasic or multiphasic EOD waveforms produced by two overlapping but asynchronous action potentials in each electric organ cell (electrocyte). One consequence of this signal complexity is the suppression of low-frequency signal content that is detectable by electroreceptive predators. In complex EODs, reduction of the EOD amplitude and duration during daytime inactivity can decrease both predation risk and the metabolic cost of EOD generation. We compared EOD plasticity and its underlying physiology in Brachyhypopomus focusing on B. bennetti. We found that B. bennetti exhibits minimal EOD plasticity, but that its electrocytes retained vestigial mechanisms of biphasic signaling and vestigial mechanisms for modulating the EOD amplitude. These results suggest that this species represents a transitional phenotypic state within a clade where signal complexity and plasticity were initially gained and then lost. We discuss potential the roles of signal mimicry, species recognition, and sexual selection in maintaining the monophasic EOD phenotype in the face of detection by electroreceptive predators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saenz, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ban, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winemiller, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markham, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.06.430027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Derived loss of signal complexity and plasticity in a genus of weakly electric fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPARC Data Structure: Rationale and Design of a FAIR Standard for Biomedical Research Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NIH Common Funds Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) initiative is a large-scale program that seeks to accelerate the development of therapeutic devices that modulate electrical activity in nerves to improve organ function. Integral to the SPARC program are the rich anatomical and functional datasets produced by investigators across the SPARC consortium that provide key details about organ-specific circuitry, including structural and functional connectivity, mapping of cell types and molecular profiling. These datasets are provided to the research community through an open data platform, the SPARC Portal. To ensure SPARC datasets are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR), they are all submitted to the SPARC portal following a standard scheme established by the SPARC Curation Team, called the SPARC Data Structure (SDS). Inspired by the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), the SDS has been designed to capture the large variety of data generated by SPARC investigators who are coming from all fields of biomedical research. Here we present the rationale and design of the SDS, including a description of the SPARC curation process and the automated tools for complying with the SDS, including the SDS validator and Software to Organize Data Automatically (SODA) for SPARC. The objective is to provide detailed guidelines for anyone desiring to comply with the SDS. Since the SDS are suitable for any type of biomedical research data, it can be adopted by any group desiring to follow the FAIR data principles for managing their data, even outside of the SPARC consortium. Finally, this manuscript provides a foundational framework that can be used by any organization desiring to either adapt the SDS to suit the specific needs of their data or simply desiring to design their own FAIR data sharing scheme from scratch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pine, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surles-Zeiglera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPARC Data Structure: Rationale and Design of a FAIR Standard for Biomedical Research Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adjuvanting a subunit SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccine to induce protective immunity in non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of a portfolio of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to vaccinate the global population remains an urgent public health imperative. Here, we demonstrate the capacity of a subunit vaccine under clinical development, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain displayed on a two-component protein nanoparticle (RBD-NP), to stimulate robust and durable neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. We evaluated five different adjuvants combined with RBD-NP including Essai O/W 1849101, a squalene-in-water emulsion; AS03, an alpha-tocopherol-containing squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion used in pandemic influenza vaccines; AS37, a TLR-7 agonist adsorbed to Alum; CpG 1018-Alum (CpG-Alum), a TLR-9 agonist formulated in Alum; or Alum, the most widely used adjuvant. All five adjuvants induced substantial nAb and CD4 T cell responses after two consecutive immunizations. Durable nAb responses were evaluated for RBD-NP/AS03 immunization and the live-virus nAb response was durably maintained up to 154 days post-vaccination. AS03, CpG-Alum, AS37 and Alum groups conferred significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pharynges, nares and in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The nAb titers were highly correlated with protection against infection. Furthermore, RBD-NP when used in conjunction with AS03 was as potent as the prefusion stabilized Spike immunogen, HexaPro. Taken together, these data highlight the efficacy of the RBD-NP formulated with clinically relevant adjuvants in promoting robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>S Arunachalam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walls, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atyeo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aye, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edara, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roltgen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirreff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrell, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrenn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pettie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydeman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunette, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiala, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trisal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell-Lodrigue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monjure, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dufour, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle-Meyer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohm, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maness, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontenot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Hagan, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Most, R. V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappuoli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffma</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adjuvanting a subunit SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccine to induce protective immunity in non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
What are housekeeping genes? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The concept of "housekeeping genes" has been used for four decades but remains loosely defined. Housekeeping genes are commonly described as "essential for cellular existence regardless of their specific function in the tissue or organism", and "stably expressed irrespective of tissue type, developmental stage, cell cycle state, or external signal". However, experimental support for the tenet that gene essentiality is linked to stable expression across cell types, conditions, and organisms has been limited. Here we use genome-scale functional genomic screens, bulk and single-cell sequencing technologies to test this link and optimize a quantitative and experimentally validated definition of housekeeping gene. Using the optimized definition, we identify, characterize, and provide as resources, housekeeping gene lists extracted from several human datasets, and 12 other animal species that include primates, chicken, and C. elegans. We find that stably expressed genes are not necessarily essential, and that the individual genes that are essential and stably expressed can considerably differ across organisms; yet the pathways enriched among these genes are conserved. Further, the level of conservation of housekeeping genes across the analyzed organisms captures their taxonomic groups, showing evolutionary relevance for our definition. Therefore, we here present a quantitative and experimentally validated definition of housekeeping genes that can contribute to better understanding of their unique biological and evolutionary characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drangowska-Way, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[What are housekeeping genes?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APPLES-2: Faster and More Accurate Distance-based Phylogenetic Placement using Divide and Conquer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic placement of query samples on an existing phylogeny is increasingly used in molecular ecology, including sample identification and microbiome environmental sampling. As the size of available reference trees used in these analyses continues to grow, there is a growing need for methods that place sequences on ultra-large trees with high accuracy. Distance-based placement methods have recently emerged as a path to provide such scalability while allowing flexibility to analyze both assembled and unassembled environmental samples. In this paper, we introduce a distance-based phylogenetic placement method, APPLES-2, that is more accurate and scalable than existing distance-based methods and even some of the leading maximum likelihood methods. This scalability is owed to a divide-and-conquer technique that limits distance calculation and phylogenetic placement to parts of the tree most relevant to each query. The increased scalability and accuracy enables us to study the effectiveness of APPLES-2 for placing microbial genomes on a data set of 10,575 microbial species using subsets of 381 marker genes. APPLES-2 has very high accuracy in this setting, placing 97% of query genomes within three branches of the optimal position in the species tree using 50 marker genes. Our proof of concept results show that APPLES-2 can quickly place metagenomic scaffolds on ultra-large backbone trees with high accuracy as long as a scaffold includes tens of marker genes. These results pave the path for a more scalable and widespread use of distance-based placement in various areas of molecular ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roush, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APPLES-2: Faster and More Accurate Distance-based Phylogenetic Placement using Divide and Conquer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A glycan gate controls opening of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection is controlled by the opening of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), which transitions from a glycan-shielded "down" to an exposed "up" state in order to bind the human ACE2 receptor and infect cells. While snapshots of the "up" and "down" states have been obtained by cryoEM and cryoET, details of the RBD opening transition evade experimental characterization. Here, over 130 s of weighted ensemble (WE) simulations of the fully glycosylated spike ectodomain allow us to characterize more than 300 continuous, kinetically unbiased RBD opening pathways. Together with ManifoldEM analysis of cryo-EM data and biolayer interferometry experiments, we reveal a gating role for the N-glycan at position N343, which facilitates RBD opening. Residues D405, R408, and D427 also participate. The atomic-level characterization of the glycosylated spike activation mechanism provided herein achieves a new high-water mark for ensemble pathway simulations and offers a foundation for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sztain, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogetti, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldsmith, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCool, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLellan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A glycan gate controls opening of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant trait heterosis is quantitatively associated with expression heterosis of plastid ribosomal proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of hybrids is widespread in agriculture, yet the molecular basis for hybrid vigor (heterosis) remains obscure. To identify molecular components that may contribute to the known higher photosynthetic capacity of maize hybrids, we analyzed proteomic and transcriptomic data from seedling leaf tissues of the hybrid, B73xMo17, and its inbred parents. Subunits of complexes required for protein synthesis in the chloroplast and for the light reactions of photosynthesis were expressed above mid-parent and high-parent levels, respectively. Nuclear and plastid-encoded subunits were expressed similarly and in a dominant pattern with B73 as the high-parent for most proteins. The reciprocal hybrid displayed the same pattern with B73 still the dominant parent. Protein expression patterns were mostly the same in the adult leaf blade. To rank the relevance of expression differences to trait heterosis, we compared seedling leaf protein levels to adult plant heights of 15 hybrids. Expression heterosis (hybrid/mid-parent expression levels) was most positively correlated with plant height heterosis (hybrid/mid-parent plant height) for the plastid-encoded and nuclear-encoded chloroplast ribosomal proteins; the cytosolic ribosomal proteins were slightly less correlated. Ethylene biosynthetic enzymes were expressed below mid-parent levels in the hybrids, and the ethylene biosynthesis mutant, acs2/acs6, largely phenocopied the hybrid proteome, indicating that a reduction in ethylene biosynthesis may mediate the differences between inbreds and their hybrids. Levels of jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzymes were reduced in both acs2/acs6 and the hybrid, and expression heterosis levels of these proteins were the most negatively correlated with plant height heterosis.

Significance StatementHeterosis (hybrid vigor) boosts the productivity and resilience of crops and livestock above the levels of both parents, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We analyzed expression patterns of proteins in maize hybrids and their inbred parents. Differences in several molecular machines and biochemical pathways were found and quantitatively assessed using a panel of 15 hybrids. Seedling leaf chloroplast ribosomal proteins were able to quantitatively infer levels of adult plant heterosis. Expression levels of biosynthetic enzymes for the stress hormone, ethylene, were reduced in hybrids as was previously reported for the dicot Arabidopsis. Mutation of these genes in a maize inbred caused the proteome to resemble a hybrid. Repression of ethylene biosynthesis may be a conserved component of heterosis physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birdseye, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Boer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.16.431485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant trait heterosis is quantitatively associated with expression heterosis of plastid ribosomal proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared long-term and short-term memory representational formats in occipital and parietal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current theories propose that the short-term retention of information in working memory (WM) and the recall of information from long-term memory (LTM) are supported by overlapping neural mechanisms in occipital and parietal cortex. Both are thought to rely on reinstating patterns of sensory activity evoked by the perception of the remembered item. However, the extent of the shared representations between WM and LTM are unclear, and it is unknown how WM and LTM representations may differ across cortical regions. We designed a spatial memory task that allowed us to directly compare the representations of remembered spatial information in WM and LTM. Critically, we carefully matched the precision of behavioral responses in these tasks. We used fMRI and multivariate pattern analyses to examine representations in (1) retinotopic cortex and (2) lateral parietal cortex (LPC) regions previously implicated in LTM. We show that visual memories were represented in a sensory-like code in both tasks across retinotopic regions in occipital and parietal cortex. LPC regions also encoded remembered locations in both WM and LTM, but in a format that differed from the sensory-evoked activity. These results suggest a striking correspondence in the format of WM and LTM representations across occipital and parietal cortex. On the other hand, we show that activity patterns in nearly all parietal regions, but not occipital regions, contained information that could discriminate between WM trials and LTM trials. Our data provide new evidence for theories of memory systems and the representation of mnemonic content.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutterer, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.16.431528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared long-term and short-term memory representational formats in occipital and parietal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cell atlas of chromatin accessibility across 25 adult human tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current catalogs of regulatory sequences in the human genome are still incomplete and lack cell type resolution. To profile the activity of human gene regulatory elements in diverse cell types and tissues in the human body, we applied single cell chromatin accessibility assays to 25 distinct human tissue types from multiple donors. The resulting chromatin maps comprising [~]500,000 nuclei revealed the status of open chromatin for over 750,000 candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in 54 distinct cell types. We further delineated cell type-specific and tissue-context dependent gene regulatory programs, and developmental stage specificity by comparing with a recent human fetal chromatin accessibility atlas. We finally used these chromatin maps to interpret the noncoding variants associated with complex human traits and diseases. This rich resource provides a foundation for the analysis of gene regulatory programs in human cell types across tissues and organ systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hocker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.17.431699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cell atlas of chromatin accessibility across 25 adult human tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pyrazinamide action is driven by the cell envelope stress response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pyrazinamide (PZA) plays a crucial role in first-line tuberculosis drug therapy. Unlike other antimicrobial agents, PZA is only active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at low pH. The basis for this conditional drug susceptibility remains undefined. In this study, we utilized a genome-wide approach to interrogate potentiation of PZA action. We find that mutations in numerous genes involved in central metabolism as well as cell envelope maintenance and stress response are associated with PZA resistance. Further, we demonstrate that constitutive activation of the cell envelope stress response can drive PZA susceptibility independent of environmental pH. Consequently, treatment with peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors, such as beta-lactams and D-cycloserine, potentiate PZA action through triggering this response. These findings illuminate a regulatory mechanism for conditional PZA susceptibility and reveals new avenues for enhancing potency of this important drug through targeting activation of the cell envelope stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thiede, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modlin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aflakpui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valafar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minato, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baughn, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.17.431758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pyrazinamide action is driven by the cell envelope stress response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constructing An Adult Orofacial Premotor Atlas In Allen Mouse CCF 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.18.431923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Premotor circuits in the brainstem control pools of orofacial motoneurons to execute essential functions such as drinking, eating, breathing, and in rodent, whisking. Previous transsynaptic tracing studies only mapped orofacial premotor circuits in neonatal mice but the adult circuits remain unknown due to technical difficulties. Here we developed a three-step monosynaptic transsynaptic tracing strategy to identify premotor neurons controlling whisker, tongue protrusion, and jaw-closing muscles in the adult. We registered these different groups of premotor neurons onto the Allen mouse brain common coordinate framework (CCF) and consequently generated a combined 3D orofacial premotor atlas, revealing unique spatial organizations of distinct premotor circuits. We also uncovered premotor neurons simultaneously innervating multiple motor nuclei and, thus, likely coordinating different muscles involved in the same orofacial behaviors. Our method for tracing adult premotor circuits and registering to Allen CCF is generally applicable and should facilitate the investigations of motor controls of diverse behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takatoh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, B.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constructing An Adult Orofacial Premotor Atlas In Allen Mouse CCF]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.431931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel Characterization of cis-Regulatory Elements for Multiple Genes UsingCRISPRpath 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.431931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current pooled CRISPR screens for cis-regulatory elements (CREs) can only accommodate one gene based on its expression level. Here, we describe CRISPRpath, a scalable screening strategy for parallelly characterizing CREs of genes linked to the same biological pathway and converging phenotypes. We demonstrate the ability of CRISPRpath for simultaneously identifying functional enhancers of six genes in the 6-thioguanine-induced DNA mismatch repair pathway using both CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR nuclease (CRISPRn) approaches. 60% of the identified enhancers are known promoters with distinct epigenomic features compared to other active promoters, including increased chromatin accessibility and interactivity. Furthermore, by imposing different levels of selection pressure, CRISPRpath can distinguish enhancers exerting strong impact on gene expression from those exerting weak impact. Our results offer a nuanced view of cis-regulation and demonstrate that CRISPRpath can be leveraged for understanding the complex gene regulatory program beyond transcriptional output at scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maliskova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.431931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel Characterization of cis-Regulatory Elements for Multiple Genes UsingCRISPRpath]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision Diffusion Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) aims to non-invasively characterize the anatomy and integrity of the brains white matter fibers. To establish individual-specific precision approaches for DTI, we defined its reliability and accuracy as a function of data quantity and analysis method, using both simulations and highly sampled individual-specific data (927-1442 diffusion weighted images [DWIs] per individual). DTI methods that allow for crossing fibers (BedpostX [BPX], Q-Ball Imaging [QBI]) estimated excess fibers when insufficient data was present and when the data did not match the model priors. To reduce such overfitting, we developed a novel crossing-fiber diffusion imaging method, Bayesian Multi-tensor Model-selection (BaMM), that is designed for high-quality repeated sampling data sets. BaMM was robust to overfitting, showing high reliability and the relatively best crossing-fiber accuracy with increasing amounts of diffusion data. Thus, the choice of diffusion imaging analysis method is important for the success of individual-specific diffusion imaging. Importantly, for potential clinical applications of individual-specific precision DTI, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), other forms of neuromodulation or neurosurgical planning, the data quantities required to achieve DTI reliability are lower than for functional MRI measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bretthorst, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.432023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision Diffusion Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial Cytological Profiling Identifies Rhodanine-containing PAINS Analogs as Specific Inhibitors of E. coli Thymidylate Kinase in Vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we conducted an activity screen of 31 structural analogs of rhodanine-containing pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). We identified nine active molecules inhibiting the growth of E. coli and classified them according to their in vivo mechanisms of action. The mechanisms of action of PAINS are generally difficult to identify due to their promiscuity. However, we leveraged bacterial cytological profiling, a fluorescence microscopy technique, to study these complex mechanisms. Ultimately, we found that although some of our molecules promiscuously inhibit multiple cellular pathways, a few molecules specifically inhibit DNA replication despite their structural similarity to related PAINS. A genetic analysis of resistant mutants revealed that thymidylate kinase (an enzyme essential for DNA synthesis) is an intracellular target of some of these rhodanine-containing antibiotics. This finding was supported by assays of in vitro activity as well as experiments utilizing a thymidylate kinase overexpression system. The analog that demonstrated the lowest IC50 in vitro and MIC in vivo displayed the greatest specificity for the inhibition of DNA replication in E. coli, despite containing a rhodamine moiety. While its generally thought that PAINS cannot be developed as antibiotics, this work highlights the utility of bacterial cytological profiling for studying the in vivo specificity of antibiotics, and it showcases novel inhibitors of E. coli thymidylate kinase.

ImportanceWe demonstrate that bacterial cytological profiling is a powerful tool for directing antibiotic discovery efforts because it can be used to determine the specificity of an antibiotics in vivo mechanism of action. By assaying analogs of PAINS, molecules that are notoriously intractable and non-specific, we (surprisingly) identify molecules with specific activity against E. coli thymidylate kinase. This suggests that structural modifications to PAINS can confer stronger inhibition by targeting a specific cellular pathway. While in vitro inhibition assays are susceptible to false positive results (especially from PAINS), bacterial cytological profiling provides the resolution to identify molecules with specific in vivo activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montano, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nideffer, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial Cytological Profiling Identifies Rhodanine-containing PAINS Analogs as Specific Inhibitors of E. coli Thymidylate Kinase in Vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinical Phage Microbiology:A suggested framework and recommendations for the in-vitro matching steps ‎of phage therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Personalized-phage-therapy is a promising solution for the emerging crisis of bacterial infections that fail to be eradicated by conventional antibiotics.

One of the most crucial elements of personalized-phage-therapy is the proper matching of phages and antibiotics to the target bacteria in a given clinical setting. However, to date, there is no consensus guideline for laboratory procedures that enable in vitro evaluation of phages intended for treatment.

In this work, we suggest a framework and strategies identify appropriate phages and combine them with antibiotics in clinical microbiology laboratories. This framework, which we term here "Clinical Phage Microbiology" is based on our experience and other previously reported cases of both, successful and failed phage treatments.

Additionally, we discuss troubleshooting methodologies for possible pitfalls and special cases that may need to be assessed before treatment including interactions with the host immune system, biofilms, and polymicrobial infections.

We believe that the "Clinical Phage Microbiology" pipeline presented here should serve as the basis for standardization of laboratory protocols to match phages for personalized therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gelman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerushalmy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Porat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakov, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkalay-Oren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalifa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdalrhman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppenhagen-Glazer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nir-Paz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinical Phage Microbiology:A suggested framework and recommendations for the in-vitro matching steps ‎of phage therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread ripples synchronize human cortical activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Declarative memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval require the integration of elements encoded in widespread cortical locations. The mechanism whereby such  binding of different components of mental events into unified representations occurs is unknown. The  binding-bysynchrony theory proposes that distributed encoding areas are bound by synchronous oscillations enabling enhanced communication. However, evidence for such oscillations is sparse. Brief high-frequency oscillations ( ripples) occur in the hippocampus and cortex, and help organize memory recall and consolidation. Here, using intracranial recordings in humans, we report that these ~70ms duration 90Hz ripples often couple (within {+/-}500ms), co-occur ([&ge;]25ms overlap), and crucially, phase-lock (have consistent phase-lags) between widely distributed focal cortical locations during both sleep and waking, even between hemispheres. Cortical ripple co-occurrence is facilitated through activation across multiple sites, and phaselocking increases with more cortical sites co-rippling. Ripples in all cortical areas co-occur with hippocampal ripples but do not phase-lock with them, further suggesting that cortico-cortical synchrony is mediated by cortico-cortical connections. Ripple phase-lags vary across sleep nights, consistent with participation in different networks. During waking, we show that hippocampo-cortical and cortico-cortical co-ripples increase preceding successful delayed memory recall, when binding between the cue and response is essential. Ripples increase and phase-modulate unit firing, and co-ripples increase high-frequency correlations between areas, suggesting synchronized unit-spiking facilitating information exchange. Co-occurrence, phasesynchrony, and high-frequency correlation are maintained with little decrement over very long distances (25cm). Hippocampo-cortico-cortical co-ripples appear to possess the essential properties necessary to support binding-by-synchrony during memory retrieval, and perhaps generally in cognition.

Significance StatementDifferent elements of a memory, or any mental event, are encoded in locations distributed across the cortex. A prominent hypothesis proposes that widespread networks are integrated with bursts of synchronized high-frequency oscillations called  ripples, but evidence is limited. Here, using recordings inside the human brain, we show that ripples occur simultaneously in multiple lobes in both cortical hemispheres, and the hippocampus, generally during sleep and waking, and especially during memory recall. Ripples phase-lock local cell firing, and phase-synchronize with little decay between locations separated by up to 25cm, enabling long-distance integration. Indeed, co-rippling sites have increased correlation of very high-frequency activity which reflects cell firing. Thus, ripples may help bind information across the cortex in memory and other mental events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzhbinsky, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajfez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stedelin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Haim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raslan, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskandar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread ripples synchronize human cortical activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Csf1r-GCaMP5 Reporter Mice Reveal Immune Cell Communication in Vitro and in Vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interconnected cells are responsible for emergent functions ranging from cognition in the brain to cyclic contraction in the heart. In electrically excitable cells, methods for studying cell communication are highly advanced, but in non-excitable cells, generalized methods for studying cell communication are less mature. Immune cells have generally been classified as non-excitable cells with diverse pathophysiologic roles that span every tissue in the body, yet little is known about their interconnectedness because assays are destructive and have low temporal resolution. In this work, we hypothesize that non-excitable immune cells are functionally interconnected in previously unrecognized cell communication networks. To test the hypothesis, we created a hematopoietic calcium reporter mouse (Csf1r-Cre x GCaMP5) and non-destructively quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular calcium in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, bone marrow derived macrophages calcium reporters reveal that fatal immune stimulatory DNA-sensing induces rapid intercellular communication to neighboring cells. In vivo, using intravital microscopy through a dorsal window chamber in the context of MC38-H2B-mCherry tumors, Csf1r-GCaMP5 reporters exhibit spatiotemporal dynamics consistent with cell communication. We present a theoretical framework and analysis pipeline for identifying spatiotemporal locations of "excess synchrony" of calcium spiking as a means of inferring previously unrecognized cell communication events. Together, these methods provide a toolkit for investigating known and as-yet-undiscovered cell communication events in vitro and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taghdiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcagno, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohler, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissleder, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Csf1r-GCaMP5 Reporter Mice Reveal Immune Cell Communication in Vitro and in Vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovering single nucleotide variants and indels from bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variants and de novo mutations in regulatory regions of the genome are typically discovered by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), however WGS is expensive and most WGS reads come from non-regulatory regions. The Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC-seq) generates reads from regulatory sequences and could potentially be used as a low-cost  capture method for regulatory variant discovery, but its use for this purpose has not been systematically evaluated. Here we apply seven variant callers to bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq data and evaluate their ability to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (indels). In addition, we develop an ensemble classifier, VarCA, which combines features from individual variant callers to predict variants. The Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) is the best-performing individual caller with precision/recall on a bulk ATAC test dataset of 0.92/0.97 for SNVs and 0.87/0.82 for indels. On bulk ATAC-seq reads, VarCA achieves superior performance with precision/recall of 0.99/0.95 for SNVs and 0.93/0.80 for indels. On single-cell ATAC-seq reads, VarCA attains precision/recall of 0.98/0.94 for SNVs and 0.82/0.82 for indels. In summary, ATAC-seq reads can be used to accurately discover non-coding regulatory variants in the absence of whole-genome sequencing data and our ensemble method, VarCA, has the best overall performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Massarat, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaureguy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyndale, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erikson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.433126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovering single nucleotide variants and indels from bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing oscillations in intracranial electrophysiological recordings with data-driven spatial filters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In invasive electrophysiological recordings, a variety of neuronal oscillations can be detected across the cortex, with overlap in space and time. This overlap complicates measurement of neuronal oscillations using standard referencing schemes, like common average or bipolar referencing. Here, we illustrate the effects of spatial mixing on measuring neuronal oscillations in invasive electrophysiological recordings and demonstrate the benefits of using data-driven referencing schemes in order to improve measurement of neuronal oscillations. We discuss referencing as the application of a spatial filter. Spatio-spectral decomposition is used to estimate data-driven spatial filters, a computationally fast method which specifically enhances signal-to-noise ratio for oscillations in a frequency band of interest. We show that application of these data-driven spatial filters has benefits for data exploration, investigation of temporal dynamics and assessment of peak frequencies of neuronal oscillations. We demonstrate multiple use cases, exploring between-participant variability in presence of oscillations, spatial spread and waveform shape of different rhythms as well as narrowband noise removal with the aid of spatial filters. We find high between-participant variability in the presence of neural oscillations, a large variation in spatial spread of individual rhythms and many non-sinusoidal rhythms across the cortex. Improved measurement of cortical rhythms will yield better conditions for establishing links between cortical activity and behavior, as well as bridging scales between the invasive intracranial measurements and noninvasive macroscale scalp measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaworonkow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.433127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing oscillations in intracranial electrophysiological recordings with data-driven spatial filters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tetraspanin immunocapture phenotypes extracellular vesicles according to biofluid source but may limit identification of multiplexed cancer biomarkers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tetraspanin expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is often used as a surrogate for their general detection and classification from background contaminants. This common practice typically assumes a consistent expression of tetraspanins across EV sources, thus obscuring subpopulations of variable or limited tetraspanin expression. While some recent studies indicate differential expression of tetraspanins across bulk isolated EVs, here we present analysis of single EVs isolated using various field-standard methods from a variety of in vitro and in vivo sources to identify distinct patterns in colocalization of tetraspanin expression. We report an optimized method for the use of antibodycapture single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) and fluorescence detection to identify subpopulations according to tetraspanin expression and compare our findings with nanoscale flow cytometry. Using SP-IRIS and immunofluorescence, we report that tetraspanin profile is consistent from a given EV source regardless of isolation method, but that tetraspanin profiles are distinct across various sources. Tetraspanin profiles as measured by flow cytometry do not share similar trends, suggesting that limitations in subpopulation detection significantly impact apparent protein expression. We further analyzed tetraspanin expression of single EVs captured non-specifically, revealing that tetraspanin capture can bias the apparent multiplexed tetraspanin profile. Finally, we demonstrate that this bias can have significant impact on diagnostic sensitivity for tumor-associated EV surface markers. Our findings may reveal key insights into the complexities of the EV biogenesis and signaling pathways and better inform EV capture and detection platforms for diagnostic or other downstream use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mizenko, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brostoff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojalin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koster, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swindell, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leiserowitz, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carney, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tetraspanin immunocapture phenotypes extracellular vesicles according to biofluid source but may limit identification of multiplexed cancer biomarkers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Biofilm of MDR Providencia stuartii by Phages Using a Catheter Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Providencia spp. are emerging pathogens mainly in nosocomial infections. Providencia stuartii in particular is involved in urinary tract infections and contributes significantly to the high incidence of biofilm-formation in catheterized patients. Furthermore, recent reports suggested a role for multiple drug resistant (MDR) P. stuartii in hospital-associated outbreaks which leads to excessive complications resulting in challenging treatments. Phage therapy is currently one of the most promising solutions to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. However, the number of available phages targeting Providencia spp. is extremely limited, restricting the use of phage therapy in such cases. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 17 lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages targeting clinical isolates of Providencia spp. as part of the Israeli Phage Bank (IPB). These phages, isolated from sewage samples, were evaluated for host range activity and effectively eradicated 95% of the tested bacterial strains isolated from different geographic locations and displaying a wide range of antibiotic resistance. Their lytic activity is demonstrated on agar plates, planktonic cultures, and biofilm formed in a catheter model. The results suggest that these bacteriophages can potentially be used for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Providencia spp. infections in general and of urinary tract infections in particular.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rakov, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Porat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkalay-Oren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerushalmy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdalrhman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronovich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppenhagen-Glazer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nir Paz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Biofilm of MDR Providencia stuartii by Phages Using a Catheter Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.433991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting functional consequences of mutations using molecular interaction network features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.433991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Variant interpretation remains a central challenge for precision medicine. Missense variants are particularly difficult to understand as they change only a single amino acid in protein sequence yet can have large and varied effects on protein activity. Numerous tools have been developed to identify missense variants with putative disease consequences from protein sequence and structure. However, biological function arises through higher order interactions among proteins and molecules within cells. We therefore sought to capture information about the potential of missense mutations to perturb protein interaction networks by integrating protein structure and interaction data. We developed 16 network-based annotations for missense mutations that provide orthogonal information to features classically used to prioritize variants. We then evaluated them in the context of a proven machine-learning framework for variant effect prediction across multiple benchmark datasets to demonstrate their potential to improve variant classification. Interestingly, network features resulted in larger performance gains for classifying somatic mutations than for germline variants, possibly due to different constraints on what mutations are tolerated at the cellular versus organismal level. Our results suggest that modeling variant potential to perturb context-specific interactome networks is a fruitful strategy to advance in silico variant effect prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.433991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting functional consequences of mutations using molecular interaction network features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.432323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antimicrobials from a feline commensal bacterium inhibit skin infection by drug-resistant S. pseudintermedius. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.432323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an important emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe skin infections. To combat infections from drug-resistant bacteria, the transplantation of commensal antimicrobial bacteria as a therapeutic has shown clinical promise. We screened a collection of diverse staphylococcus species from domestic dogs and cats for antimicrobial activity against MRSP. A unique strain (S. felis C4) was isolated from feline skin that inhibited MRSP and multiple gram-positive pathogens. Competition experiments in mice showed that S. felis significantly reduced MRSP skin colonization and an antimicrobial extract from S. felis significantly reduced necrotic skin injury from MRSP infection. Fluorescence and electron microscopy revealed that S. felis antimicrobials disrupted bacterial but not eukaryotic cell membranes. LC/MS identified several S. felis phenol-soluble modulin beta (PSM{beta}) peptides that exhibited antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. These findings indicate a feline commensal bacterium that could be utilized in bacteriotherapy against difficult-to-treat animal and human skin infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthing, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakatsuji, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.432323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antimicrobials from a feline commensal bacterium inhibit skin infection by drug-resistant S. pseudintermedius.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic H3K9ac is controlled by phase-specific activity of HDAC2, HDAC3 and SIRT1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone acetylation levels are reduced during mitosis. To study the mitotic regulation of H3K9ac we used an array of inhibitors targeting specific histone deacetylases. We evaluated the involvement of the targeted enzymes in regulating H3K9ac during all mitotic stages by immunofluorescence and immunoblots. We identified HDAC2, HDAC3 and SIRT1 as modulators of H3K9ac mitotic levels. HDAC2 inhibition increased H3K9ac levels in prophase, whereas HDAC3 or SIRT1 inhibition increased H3K9ac levels in metaphase. Next, we performed ChIP-seq on mitotic-arrested cells following targeted inhibition of these histone deacetylases. We found that both HDAC2 and HDAC3 have a similar impact on H3K9ac, and inhibiting either of these two HDACs substantially increases the levels of this histone acetylation in promoters, enhancers and insulators. Altogether, our results support a model in which H3K9 deacetylation is a stepwise process - at prophase HDAC2 modulates most transcription-associated H3K9ac-marked loci and at metaphase HDAC3 maintains the reduced acetylation, whereas SIRT1 potentially regulates H3K9ac by impacting HAT activity.

Summary blurbCombination of immunofluorescence, western blot and ChIP-seq revealed the interplay between HDAC2, HDAC3 and SIRT1 in H3K9 deacetylation during mitosis of mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitterhoff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapoport, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic H3K9ac is controlled by phase-specific activity of HDAC2, HDAC3 and SIRT1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of chronic JUUL aerosol inhalation on inflammatory states of the brain, lung, heart and colon in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While health effects of conventional tobacco are well defined, data on vaping devices, including the most popular e-cigarette JUUL, are less established. Prior acute e-cigarette studies demonstrated inflammatory and cardiopulmonary physiology changes while chronic studies demonstrated extra-pulmonary effects, including neurotransmitter alterations in reward pathways. In this study we investigated effects of chronic flavored JUUL aerosol inhalation on inflammatory markers in brain, lung, heart, and colon. JUUL induced upregulation of cytokine and chemokine gene expression and increased HMGB1 and RAGE in the nucleus accumbens. Inflammatory gene expression increased in colon, and cardiopulmonary inflammatory responses to acute lung injury with lipopolysaccharide were exacerbated in the heart. Flavor-dependent changes in several responses were also observed. Our findings raise concerns regarding long-term risks of e-cigarette use as neuroinflammation may contribute to behavioral changes and mood disorders, while gut inflammation has been tied to poor systemic health and cardiac inflammation to development of heart disease.

One Sentence SummaryChronic, daily inhalation of pod-based e-cigarette aerosols alters the inflammatory state across multiple organ systems in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhaddad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masso-Silva, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Advani, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilaad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almarghalani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Kolla, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sari, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heller Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty Alexander, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.434442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of chronic JUUL aerosol inhalation on inflammatory states of the brain, lung, heart and colon in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural connectome quantifies tumor invasion and predicts survival in glioblastoma patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma widely affects brain structure and function, and remodels neural connectivity. Characterizing the neural connectivity in glioblastoma may provide a tool to understand tumor invasion. Here, using a structural connectome approach based on diffusion MRI, we quantify the global and regional connectome disruptions in individual glioblastoma patients and investigate the prognostic value of connectome disruptions and topological properties. We show that the disruptions in the normal-appearing brain beyond the lesion could mediate the topological alteration of the connectome (P <0.001), associated with worse patient performance (P <0.001), cognitive function (P <0.001), and survival (overall survival: HR: 1.46, P = 0.049; progression-free survival: HR: 1.49, P = 0.019). Further, the preserved connectome in the normal-appearing brain demonstrates evidence of remodeling, where increased connectivity is associated with better overall survival (log-rank P = 0.005). Our approach reveals the glioblastoma invasion invisible on conventional MRI, promising to benefit patient stratification and precise treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayrand, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, A. L. K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matys, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schönlieb, C.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.434656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural connectome quantifies tumor invasion and predicts survival in glioblastoma patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The geometry of face memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to recognize familiar visual objects is critical to survival. A central assumption of neuroscience is that long-term memories are represented by the same brain areas that encode sensory stimuli (1). Neurons in inferotemporal (IT) cortex represent the sensory percept of visual objects using a distributed axis code (2-4). Whether and how the same IT neural population represents the long-term memory of visual objects remains unclear. Here, we examined how familiar faces are encoded in face patch AM and perirhinal cortex. We found that familiar faces were represented in a distinct subspace from unfamiliar faces. The familiar face subspace was shifted relative to the unfamiliar face subspace at short latency and then distorted to increase neural distances between familiar faces at long latency. This distortion enabled markedly improved discrimination of familiar faces in both AM and PR. Inactivation of PR did not affect these memory traces in AM, suggesting that the memory traces arise from intrinsic recurrent processes within IT cortex or interactions with downstream regions outside the medial temporal lobe (5, 6). Overall, our results reveal that memories of familiar faces are represented in IT and perirhinal cortex by a distinct long-latency code that is optimized to distinguish familiar identities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>She, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fusi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The geometry of face memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.432212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Covariance Networks in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.432212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionCortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are established biomarkers of brain pathology in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural covariance networks (SCN) constructed from CT and SA may represent developmental associations, or unique interactions between brain regions, possibly influenced by a common causal antecedent. The ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working Group aggregated PTSD and control subjects data from 29 cohorts in five countries (n=3439).

MethodsUsing Destrieux Atlas, we built SCNs and compared centrality measures between PTSD subjects and controls. Centrality is a graph theory measure derived using SCN.

ResultsNotable nodes with higher CT-based centrality in PTSD compared to controls were left fusiform gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and right inferior temporal gyrus. We found sex-based centrality differences in bilateral frontal lobe regions, left anterior cingulate, left superior occipital cortex and right ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Comorbid PTSD and MDD showed higher CT-based centrality in the right anterior cingulate gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus and lower SA-based centrality in left insular gyrus.

ConclusionUnlike previous studies with smaller sample sizes ([&le;]318), our study found differences in centrality measures using a sample size of 3439 subjects. This is the first cross-sectional study to examine SCN interactions with age, sex, and comorbid MDD. Although limited to group level inferences, centrality measures offer insights into a nodes relationship to the entire functional connectome unlike approaches like seed-based connectivity or independent component analysis. Nodes having higher centrality have greater structural or functional connections, lending them invaluable for translational treatments like neuromodulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rakesh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke-Rubright, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Leary, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Bellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Werff, S. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Wee, N. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeiren, R. R. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmahl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebois, L. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winternitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.13.432212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Covariance Networks in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.435270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using synthetic MR images for field map-less distortion correction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.13.435270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional MRI (fMRI) data acquired using echo-planar imaging (EPI) are highly distorted by magnetic field inhomogeneities. Distortion combined with underlying differences in image contrast between EPI and T1-weighted and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) structural images makes the alignment of functional and anatomical images a challenge. Typically, separately acquired field map data are used to correct fMRI distortions and a flexible cost function insensitive to cross-modal differences in image contrast and intensity is used for aligning fMRI and anatomical images. The quality of alignment achieved with this approach can vary greatly and depends on the quality of field map data. In addition, many publicly available datasets lack field map data entirely. To address this issue, we developed Synth, a software package for distortion correction and cross-modal image registration that does not require separately acquired field map data. Synth combines information from T1w and T2w anatomical images to construct an idealized undistorted synthetic image that has similar contrast properties to fMRI data. The undistorted synthetic image then serves as an effective reference for individual-specific nonlinear unwarping to correct fMRI distortions. We demonstrate, in both pediatric (ABCD: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) and adult (MSC: Midnight Scan Club) data that Synth performs comparably well to other leading distortion correction approaches that utilize field map data, and often outperforms them. Field map-less distortion correction with Synth allows accurate and precise registration of fMRI data with missing or corrupted field map information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrone, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda Dominguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jha, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tisdall, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Kouwe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.13.435270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using synthetic MR images for field map-less distortion correction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open Data Commons for Preclinical Traumatic Brain Injury Research: Empowering Data Sharing and Big Data Analytics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major unsolved public health problem worldwide with considerable preclinical research dedicated to recapitulating clinical TBI, deciphering the underlying pathophysiology, and developing therapeutics. However, the heterogeneity of clinical TBI and correspondingly in preclinical studies have made translation from bench to bedside difficult. Here, we present the potential of data sharing, data aggregation, and multivariate analytics to integrate heterogeneity and empower researchers. We introduce the Open Data Commons for Traumatic Brain Injury (ODC-TBI.org) as a user-centered web platform and cloudbased repository focused on preclinical TBI research that enables data citation with persistent identifiers, promotes data element harmonization, and follows FAIR data sharing principles. Importantly, the ODC-TBI implements data sharing at the level of individual subjects, thus enabling data reuse for granular big data analytics and data-hungry machine learning approaches. We provide use cases applying descriptive analytics and unsupervised machine learning on pooled ODC-TBI data. Descriptive statistics included subject-level data for 11 published papers (N = 1250 subjects) representing six distinct TBI models across mice and rats (implementing controlled cortical impact, closed head injury, fluid percussion injury, and CHIMERA TBI modalities). We performed principal component analysis (PCA) on cohorts of animals combined through the ODC-TBI to identify persistent inflammatory patterns across different experimental designs. Our workflow ultimately improved the sensitivity of our analyses in uncovering patterns of pro- vs anti-inflammation and oxidative stress without the multiple testing problems of univariate analyses. As the practice of open data becomes increasingly required by the scientific community, ODC-TBI provides a foundation that creates new scientific opportunities for researchers and their work, facilitates multi-dataset and multidimensional analytics, and drives collaboration across molecular and computational biologists to bridge preclinical research to the clinic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chou, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Espin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huie, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krukowski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guglielmetti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaumeil, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beattie, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bresnahan, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open Data Commons for Preclinical Traumatic Brain Injury Research: Empowering Data Sharing and Big Data Analytics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morphological principles of neuronal mitochondria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the highly dynamic metabolic landscape of a neuron, mitochondrial membrane architectures can provide critical insight into the unique energy balance of the cell. Current theoretical calculations of functional outputs like ATP and heat often represent mitochondria as idealized geometries and therefore can miscalculate the metabolic fluxes. To analyze mitochondrial morphology in neurons of mouse cerebellum neuropil, 3D tracings of complete synaptic and axonal mitochondria were constructed using a database of serial TEM tomography images and converted to watertight meshes with minimal distortion of the original microscopy volumes with a granularity of 1.6 nanometer isotropic voxels. The resulting in silico representations were subsequently quantified by differential geometry methods in terms of the mean and Gaussian curvatures, surface areas, volumes, and membrane motifs, all of which can alter the metabolic output of the organelle. Finally, we identify structural motifs that are present across this population of mitochondria; observations which may contribute to future modeling studies of mitochondrial physiology and metabolism in neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendelsohn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandelwal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skupin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morphological principles of neuronal mitochondria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meiotic Cas9 expression mediates genotype conversion in the male and female mouse germline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Highly efficient genotype conversion systems have potential to facilitate the study of complex genetic traits using laboratory mice and to limit loss of biodiversity and disease transmission caused by wild rodent populations. We previously showed that such a system of genotype conversion from heterozygous to homozygous after a sequence targeted CRISPR/Cas9 double strand DNA break is feasible in the female mouse germline. In the male germline, however, all double strand breaks were instead repaired by end joining mechanisms to form an  insertion/deletion (indel) mutation. These observations suggested that timing Cas9 expression to coincide with meiosis I is critical to favor conditions when homologous chromosomes are aligned and interchromosomal homology directed repair (HDR) mechanisms predominate. Here, using a Cas9 knock-in allele at the Spo11 locus, we show that meiotic expression of Cas9 does indeed mediate genotype conversion in the male as well as in the female germline. However, the low frequency of both HDR and indel mutation in both male and female germlines suggests that Cas9 may be expressed from the Spo11 locus at levels too low for efficient double strand DNA break formation. We suggest that more robust Cas9 expression initiated during early meiosis I may improve the efficiency of genotype conversion and further increase the rate of  super-Mendelian inheritance from both male and female mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weitzel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levina, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedrick, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meiotic Cas9 expression mediates genotype conversion in the male and female mouse germline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors are an optimal model system to study T2D regulatory variants active during fetal development of the pancreas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The impact of genetic regulatory variation active in early pancreatic development on adult pancreatic disease and traits is not well understood. Here, we generate a panel of 107 fetal-like iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells (iPSC-PPCs) from whole genome-sequenced individuals and identify 4,065 genes and 4,016 isoforms whose expression and/or alternative splicing are affected by regulatory variation. We integrate eQTLs identified in adult islets and whole pancreas samples, which reveal 1,805 eQTL associations that are unique to the fetal-like iPSC-PPCs and 1,043 eQTLs that exhibit regulatory plasticity across the fetal-like and adult pancreas tissues. Colocalization with GWAS risk loci for pancreatic diseases and traits show that some putative causal regulatory variants are active only in the fetal-like iPSC-PPCs and likely influence disease by modulating expression of disease-associated genes in early development, while others with regulatory plasticity likely exert their effects in both the fetal and adult pancreas by modulating expression of different disease genes in the two developmental stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salgado, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors are an optimal model system to study T2D regulatory variants active during fetal development of the pancreas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic Organellar Mapping Reveals Modulation of Peroxisomes by HIV-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As systems biology approaches to virology have become more tractable, highly studied viruses such as HIV can now be analyzed in new, unbiased ways, including spatial proteomics. We employed here a differential centrifugation protocol to fractionate Jurkat T cells for proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry; these cells contain inducible HIV-1 genomes, enabling us to look for changes in the spatial proteome induced by viral gene expression. Using these proteomics data, we evaluated the merits of several reported machine learning pipelines for classification of the spatial proteome and identification of protein translocations. From these analyses we found that classifier performance in this system was organelle-dependent, with Bayesian t-augmented Gaussian mixture modeling outperforming support vector machine (SVM) learning for mitochondrial and ER proteins, but underperforming on cytosolic, nuclear, and plasma membrane proteins by QSep analysis. We also observed a generally higher performance for protein translocation identification using a Bayesian model, BANDLE, on SVM-classified data. Comparative BANDLE analysis of cells induced to express the wild-type viral genome vs. cells induced to express a genome unable to express the accessory protein Nef identified known Nef-dependent interactors such as TCR signaling components and coatomer complex. Lastly, we found that SVM classification showed higher consistency and was less sensitive to HIV-dependent noise. These findings illustrate important considerations for studies of the spatial proteome following viral infection or viral gene expression and provide a reference for future studies of HIV-gene-dropout viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oom, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewinski, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic Organellar Mapping Reveals Modulation of Peroxisomes by HIV-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONSULT: Accurate contamination removal using locality-sensitive hashing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental question appears in many bioinformatics applications: Does a sequencing read belong to a large dataset of genomes from some broad taxonomic group, even when the closest match in the set is evolutionarily divergent from the query? For example, low-coverage genome sequencing (skimming) projects either assemble the organelle genome or compute genomic distances directly from unassembled reads. Using unassembled reads needs contamination detection because samples often include reads from unintended groups of species. Similarly, assembling the organelle genome needs distinguishing organelle and nuclear reads. While k-mer-based methods have shown promise in read-matching, prior studies have shown that existing methods are insufficiently sensitive for contamination detection. Here, we introduce a new read-matching tool called CONSULT that tests whether k-mers from a query fall within a user-specified distance of the reference dataset using locality-sensitive hashing. Taking advantage of large memory machines available nowadays, CONSULT libraries accommodate tens of thousands of microbial species. Our results show that CONSULT has higher true-positive and lower false-positive rates of contamination detection than leading methods such as Kraken-II and improves distance calculation from genome skims. We also demonstrate that CONSULT can distinguish organelle reads from nuclear reads, leading to dramatic improvements in skims-based mitochondrial assemblies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rachtman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.436035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONSULT: Accurate contamination removal using locality-sensitive hashing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EMBED: a low dimensional reconstruction of gut microbiome dynamics based on ecological normal modes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dimensionality reduction can offer unique insights into high dimensional microbiome dynamics by leveraging collective abundance fluctuations of multiple bacteria driven by similar ecological perturbations. However, methods providing lower-dimensional representations of microbiome dynamics both at the community and individual taxa level are not currently available. To that end, we present EMBED: Essential MicroBiomE Dynamics, a probabilistic non-linear tensor factorization approach. Similar to normal mode analysis in structural biophysics, EMBED infers ecological normal modes (ECNs), which represent the unique orthogonal modes capturing the collective behavior of microbial communities. A very small number of ECNs can accurately approximate microbiome dynamics across multiple data sets. Inferred ECNs reflect specific ecological behaviors, providing natural templates along which the dynamics of individual bacteria may be partitioned. Moreover, the multi-subject treatment in EMBED systematically identifies subject-specific and universal abundance dynamics that are not detected by traditional approaches. Collectively, these results highlight the utility of EMBED as a versatile dimensionality reduction tool for studies of microbiome dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shahin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.436036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EMBED: a low dimensional reconstruction of gut microbiome dynamics based on ecological normal modes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Closed-Loop Control between Two GTPase Switches makes the Secretory Functions of the Golgi Responsive to Growth Factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers represent complex autonomous systems, displaying self-sufficiency in growth signaling. Autonomous growth is fueled by a cancer cells ability to  secrete-and-sense growth factors: a poorly understood phenomenon. Using an integrated systems and experimental approach, here we dissect the impact of a feedback-coupled GTPase circuit within the secretory pathway that imparts secretion-coupled autonomy. The circuit is assembled when the Ras-superfamily monomeric GTPase Arf1, and the heterotrimeric GTPase Gi{beta}{gamma} and their corresponding GAPs and GEFs are coupled by GIV/Girdin, a protein that is known to fuel aggressive traits in diverse cancers. One forward and two key negative feedback loops within the circuit create closed-loop control (CLC), allow the two GTPases to coregulate each other, and convert the expected switch-like behavior of Arf1-dependent secretion into an unexpected dose response alignment behavior of sensing and secretion. Such behavior translates into cell survival that is self-sustained by stimulus-proportionate secretion. Proteomic studies and protein-protein interaction network analyses pinpoint growth factors (e.g., the epidermal growth factor; EGF) as a key stimuli for such self-sustenance. Findings highlight how enhanced coupling of two biological switches in cancer cells is critical for multiscale feedback control to achieve secretion-coupled autonomy of growth factors.

SYNOPSIS IMAGE O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY

STANDFIRST TEXTThis work defines the inner workings of a Golgi-localized molecular circuitry comprised of coupled GTPases, which empowers cells to achieve self-sufficiency in growth factor signaling by creating a secrete-and-sense autocrine loop.

HIGHLIGHTS/MAIN FINDINGSO_LIModeling and experimental approaches were used to dissect a coupled GTPase circuit.
C_LIO_LICoupling enables closed loop feedback and mutual control of GTPases.
C_LIO_LICoupling generates dose response alignment behavior of sensing and secretion of growth factors.
C_LIO_LICoupling is critical for multiscale feedback control to achieve secretion-coupled autonomy.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midde, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aznar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abd El-Hafeez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sanchez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farquhar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.436048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Closed-Loop Control between Two GTPase Switches makes the Secretory Functions of the Golgi Responsive to Growth Factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.436197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCL28 modulates neutrophil responses and impacts the trajectory of mucosal infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.436197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chemokine CCL28 is highly expressed in mucosal tissues, but its role during infection is not well understood. Here we show that CCL28 promotes neutrophil accumulation to the gut of mice infected with Salmonella and to the lung of mice infected with Acinetobacter. Neutrophils isolated from the infected mucosa expressed the CCL28 receptors CCR3 and, to a lesser extent, CCR10, on their surface. The functional consequences of CCL28 deficiency were different between the two infections, as Ccl28-/- mice were highly susceptible to Salmonella gut infection, but highly resistant to otherwise lethal Acinetobacter lung infection. In vitro, unstimulated neutrophils harbored pre-formed intracellular CCR3 that was rapidly mobilized to the cell surface following phagocytosis or inflammatory stimuli. Moreover, CCL28 stimulation enhanced neutrophil antimicrobial activity, production of reactive oxygen species, and formation of extracellular traps, all processes that were largely dependent on CCR3. Consistent with the different outcomes in the two infection models, neutrophil stimulation with CCL28 boosted the killing of Salmonella but not of Acinetobacter. CCL28 thus plays a critical role in the immune response to mucosal pathogens by increasing neutrophil accumulation and activation, which can enhance pathogen clearance but also exacerbate disease depending on the mucosal site and the infectious agent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perez-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melchior, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Ruiz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosa-Hernandez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervantes-Diaz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Fragoso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero-Ramirez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maravillas-Montero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuccio, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.19.436197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCL28 modulates neutrophil responses and impacts the trajectory of mucosal infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novelty-related engagement of VTA and anterior hippocampus propagate changes in cortical network plasticity at different scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The detection of novelty indicates changes in the environment and the need to update existing representations. In response to novelty, interactions across the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-hippocampal circuit support experience-dependent plasticity in the hippocampus. While theories have broadly suggested plasticity-related changes are also instantiated in the cortex, research has also shown evidence for functional heterogeneity in cortical networks. It therefore remains unclear how the hippocampal-VTA circuit engages cortical networks, and whether novelty targets specific cortical regions or diffuse, large-scale cortical networks. To adjudicate the role of the VTA and hippocampus in cortical network plasticity, we used human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare resting state functional coupling before and following exposure to novel scene images. Functional coupling between right anterior hippocampus and VTA was enhanced following novelty exposure. However, we also found evidence for a double dissociation, with anterior hippocampus and VTA showing distinct patterns of post-novelty functional coupling enhancements, targeting task-relevant regions versus large-scale networks, respectively. Further, significant correlations between these networks and the novelty-related plasticity in the anterior hippocampal-VTA functional network suggest the central hippocampal-VTA network may facilitate the interactions with the cortex. These findings support an extended model of novelty-induced plasticity, in which novelty elicits plasticity-related changes in both local and global cortical networks.

Significance StatementNovelty detection is critical for adaptive behavior, signaling the need to update existing representations. By engaging the bi-directional hippocampal-VTA circuit, novelty has been shown to induce plasticity-related changes in the hippocampus. However, it remains an open question how novelty targets such plasticity-related changes in cortical networks. We show that anterior hippocampus and VTA target cortical networks at different spatial scales, with respective enhancements in post-novelty functional coupling with a task-relevant cortical region and a large-scale memory network. The results presented here support an extended model of novelty-related plasticity, in which engaging the anterior hippocampal-VTA circuit through novelty exposure propagates cortical plasticity through hippocampal and VTA functional pathways at distinct scales, targeting specific or diffuse cortical networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cowan, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fain, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellman, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murty, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novelty-related engagement of VTA and anterior hippocampus propagate changes in cortical network plasticity at different scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor Halofuginone Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary ParagraphWe identify the prolyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS) inhibitor halofuginone1, a compound in clinical trials for anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory applications2, as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. The interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) promotes viral entry3. We find that halofuginone reduces HS biosynthesis, thereby reducing spike protein binding, SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus, and authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Halofuginone also potently suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication post-entry and is 1,000-fold more potent than Remdesivir4. Inhibition of HS biosynthesis and SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on specific inhibition of PRS, possibly due to translational suppression of proline-rich proteins. We find that pp1a and pp1ab polyproteins of SARS-CoV-2, as well as several HS proteoglycans, are proline-rich, which may make them particularly vulnerable to halofuginones translational suppression. Halofuginone is orally bioavailable, has been evaluated in a phase I clinical trial in humans and distributes to SARS-CoV-2 target organs, including the lung, making it a near-term clinical trial candidate for the treatment of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandel Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magida, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribbs, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denardo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garretson, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coker, J. K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majowicz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spliid, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowell, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffis, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piermatteo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunddal, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caradonna, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicar, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimikas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballatore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jose, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazitsch</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Prolyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitor Halofuginone Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parasitic nematode fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins compromise host immunity by interfering with host lipid signaling pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parasitic nematodes cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) such as fatty acid- and retinol- binding proteins (FARs) are hypothesized to suppress host immunity during infection, yet little is known about their interactions with host tissues. Leveraging the insect parasitic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, we provide the first in vivo study that shows FARs modulate animal immunity, causing an increase in susceptibility to bacterial infection. Next we determined that FARs dampen various aspects of the fly immune response including the phenoloxidase cascade and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Finally, we found that FARs deplete lipid signaling precursors in vivo as well as bind to these fatty acids in vitro, suggesting that FARs elicit their immunomodulatory effects by altering the availability of lipid signaling molecules necessary for a functional immune response. Collectively, these data reveal a complex role for FARs in immunosuppression and provide detailed mechanistic insight into parasitism in phylum Nematoda.

SignificanceA central aspect of parasitic nematode success is their ability to modify host biology, including evasion and/or subversion of host immunity. Modulation of host biology and the pathology caused by parasitic nematodes is largely effected through the release of proteins and small molecules. There are hundreds of proteins released by nematodes during an infection and few have been studied in detail. Fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins (FARs) are a unique protein family released during infection. We report that nematode FARs from S. carpocapsae, C. elegans and A. ceylanicum dampen fly immunity decreasing resistance to infection. Mechanistically, this is achieved through modulation of the phenoloxidase cascade and antimicrobial peptide production. Furthermore, FARs alter the availability of lipid immune signaling precursors in vivo and show binding specificity in vitro.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=187 SRC="FIGDIR/small/436866v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@48f582org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ee4292org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1548248org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13574d6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical Abstract

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasrolahi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juncaj, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaswamy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamanaka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulanger, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.436866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parasitic nematode fatty acid- and retinol-binding proteins compromise host immunity by interfering with host lipid signaling pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.27.437291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
aPC/PAR1 confers endothelial anti-apoptotic activity via a discrete β-arrestin-2 mediated SphK1-S1PR1-Akt signaling axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.27.437291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with multiple vascular diseases and lacks effective treatments. Activated Protein C (aPC) is a promising biotherapeutic that signals via protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) to promote diverse cytoprotective responses, including endothelial barrier stabilization, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, which is facilitated by co-receptors. We showed that aPC-activated PAR1 signals preferentially via {beta}-arrestin-2 ({beta}-arr2) and dishevelled-2 (Dvl2) scaffolds rather than G proteins to enhance barrier protection. However, the mechanisms by which aPC/PAR1 promotes other cytoprotective responses are poorly understood. Here we define a novel {beta}-arr2-mediated sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1)-sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1)-Akt signaling axis that confers aPC/PAR1-mediated protection against cell death. We show that PAR1 and S1PR1 co-exist in caveolin-1-rich microdomains basally and aPC markedly increases S1PR1-caveolin-1 co-association. Moreover, aPC stimulates {beta}-arr2-dependent SphK1 activation independent of Dvl2, which is critical for S1PR1 transactivation. These studies reveal that different aPC/PAR1 cytoprotective responses are mediated by discrete {beta}-arr2-driven signaling pathways in caveolae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molinar-Inglis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birch, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisneros-Aguirre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patwardhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimsey, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Menzies, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coronel, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.27.437291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[aPC/PAR1 confers endothelial anti-apoptotic activity via a discrete β-arrestin-2 mediated SphK1-S1PR1-Akt signaling axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A protective broadly cross-reactive human antibody defines a conserved site of vulnerability on beta-coronavirus spikes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to coronaviruses (CoVs) are valuable in their own right as prophylactic and therapeutic reagents to treat diverse CoVs and, importantly, as templates for rational pan-CoV vaccine design. We recently described a bnAb, CC40.8, from a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-convalescent donor that exhibits broad reactivity with human beta-coronaviruses ({beta}-CoVs). Here, we showed that CC40.8 targets the conserved S2 stem-helix region of the coronavirus spike fusion machinery. We determined a crystal structure of CC40.8 Fab with a SARS-CoV-2 S2 stem-peptide at 1.6 [A] resolution and found that the peptide adopted a mainly helical structure. Conserved residues in {beta}-CoVs interacted with CC40.8 antibody, thereby providing a molecular basis for its broad reactivity. CC40.8 exhibited in vivo protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in two animal models. In both models, CC40.8-treated animals exhibited less weight loss and reduced lung viral titers compared to controls. Furthermore, we noted CC40.8-like bnAbs are relatively rare in human COVID-19 infection and therefore their elicitation may require rational structure-based vaccine design strategies. Overall, our study describes a target on {beta}-CoV spike proteins for protective antibodies that may facilitate the development of pan-{beta}-CoV vaccines.

SUMMARYA human mAb isolated from a COVID-19 donor defines a protective cross-neutralizing epitope for pan-{beta}-CoV vaccine design strategies
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaabani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, W.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzanello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricketts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemazee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teijaro, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A protective broadly cross-reactive human antibody defines a conserved site of vulnerability on beta-coronavirus spikes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ammonium transporter is a non-canonical olfactory receptor for ammonia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two families of ligand-gated ion channels function as olfactory receptors in insects. Here, we show that these canonical olfactory receptors are not necessary for responses to ammonia, a key ecological odor that is attractive to many insects including disease vectors and agricultural pests. Instead, we show that a member of the ancient electrogenic ammonium transporter family, Amt, is a new type of olfactory receptor. We report two hitherto unidentified olfactory neuron populations that mediate neuronal and behavioral responses to ammonia. Their endogenous ammonia responses are Amt-dependent, and ectopic expression of either Drosophila or Anopheles Amt confers ammonia sensitivity. Amt is the first transporter known to function as an olfactory receptor in animals, and its role may be conserved across insect species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vulpe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabe, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava Gonzales, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeanne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menuz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ammonium transporter is a non-canonical olfactory receptor for ammonia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SPARC DRC: Building a resource for the autonomic nervous system community 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Data and Resource Center (DRC) of the NIH-funded SPARC program is developing databases, connectivity maps and simulation tools for the mammalian autonomic nervous system. The experimental data and mathematical models supplied to the DRC by the SPARC consortium are curated, annotated and semantically linked via a single knowledgebase. A data portal has been developed that allows discovery of data and models both via semantic search and via an interface that includes Google Map-like 2D flatmaps for displaying connectivity, and 3D anatomical organ scaffolds that provide a common coordinate framework for cross-species comparisons. We discuss examples that illustrate the data pipeline, which includes data upload, curation, segmentation (for image data), registration against the flatmaps and scaffolds, and finally display via the web portal, including the link to freely available online computational facilities that will enable neuromodulation hypotheses to be investigated by the autonomic neuroscience community and device manufacturers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osanlouy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bono, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassara, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahimi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guercio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuster, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neufeld, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickerson, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltani, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tappan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagenaar, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SPARC DRC: Building a resource for the autonomic nervous system community]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 proofreading exoribonuclease ExoN 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-fidelity replication of the large RNA genome of coronaviruses (CoVs) is mediated by a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) in non-structural protein 14 (nsp14), which excises nucleotides including antiviral drugs mis-incorporated by the low-fidelity viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and has also been implicated in viral RNA recombination and resistance to innate immunity. Here we determined a 1.6-[A] resolution crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 ExoN in complex with its essential co-factor, nsp10. The structure shows a highly basic and concave surface flanking the active site, comprising several Lys residues of nsp14 and the N-terminal amino group of nsp10. Modeling suggests that this basic patch binds to the template strand of double-stranded RNA substrates to position the 3' end of the nascent strand in the ExoN active site, which is corroborated by mutational and computational analyses. Molecular dynamics simulations further show remarkable flexibility of multi-domain nsp14 and suggest that nsp10 stabilizes ExoN for substrate RNA-binding to support its exoribonuclease activity. Our high-resolution structure of the SARS-CoV-2 ExoN-nsp10 complex serves as a platform for future development of anti-coronaviral drugs or strategies to attenuate the viral virulence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moeller, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belica, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durfee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.02.438274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 proofreading exoribonuclease ExoN]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OGUs enable effective, phylogeny-aware analysis of even shallow metagenome community structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce Operational Genomic Unit (OGU), a metagenome analysis strategy that directly exploits sequence alignment hits to individual reference genomes as the minimum unit for assessing the diversity of microbial communities and their relevance to environmental factors. This approach is independent from taxonomic classification, granting the possibility of maximal resolution of community composition, and organizes features into an accurate hierarchy using a phylogenomic tree. The outputs are suitable for contemporary analytical protocols for community ecology, differential abundance and supervised learning while supporting phylogenetic methods, such as UniFrac and phylofactorization, that are seldomly applied to shotgun metagenomics despite being prevalent in 16S rRNA gene amplicon studies. As demonstrated in one synthetic and two real-world case studies, the OGU method produces biologically meaningful patterns from microbiome datasets. Such patterns further remain detectable at very low metagenomic sequencing depths. Compared with taxonomic unit-based analyses implemented in currently adopted metagenomics tools, and the analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants, this method shows superiority in informing biologically relevant insights, including stronger correlation with body environment and host sex on the Human Microbiome Project dataset, and more accurate prediction of human age by the gut microbiomes in the Finnish population. We provide Woltka, a bioinformatics tool to implement this method, with full integration with the QIIME 2 package and the Qiita web platform, to facilitate OGU adoption in future metagenomics studies.

ImportanceShotgun metagenomics is a powerful, yet computationally challenging, technique compared to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing for decoding the composition and structure of microbial communities. However, current analyses of metagenomic data are primarily based on taxonomic classification, which is limited in feature resolution compared to 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variant analysis. To solve these challenges, we introduce Operational Genomic Units (OGUs), which are the individual reference genomes derived from sequence alignment results, without further assigning them taxonomy. The OGU method advances current read-based metagenomics in two dimensions: (i) providing maximal resolution of community composition while (ii) permitting use of phylogeny-aware tools. Our analysis of real-world datasets shows several advantages over currently adopted metagenomic analysis methods and the finest-grained 16S rRNA analysis methods in predicting biological traits. We thus propose the adoption of OGU as standard practice in metagenomic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiminen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuczynski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepich-Poore, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lejzerowicz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havulinna, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meric, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niiranen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomaa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inouye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.04.438427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OGUs enable effective, phylogeny-aware analysis of even shallow metagenome community structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.05.438475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GNPS Dashboard: Collaborative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Data in the Web Browser 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.05.438475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Access to web-based platforms has enabled scientists to perform research remotely. A critical aspect of mass spectrometry data analysis is the inspection, analysis, and visualization of the raw data to validate data quality and confirm statistical observations. We developed the GNPS Dashboard, a web-based data visualization tool, to facilitate synchronous collaborative inspection, visualization, and analysis of private and public mass spectrometry data remotely.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelan, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belle-Oudry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boecker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummings, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handelsman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro-Hoyos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louie, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marty, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meijler, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina-Santiago, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neve, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puri, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thukral, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez-Castro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.05.438475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GNPS Dashboard: Collaborative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Data in the Web Browser]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory readout accounts for adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory responses and behavior are strongly shaped by stimulus history. For instance, perceptual reports are sometimes biased towards previously viewed stimuli (serial dependence). While behavioral studies have pointed to both perceptual and post-perceptual origins of this phenomenon, neural data that could elucidate where these biases emerge is limited. We recorded fMRI responses while human participants (male and female) performed a delayed orientation discrimination task. While behavioral reports were attracted to the previous stimulus, response patterns in visual cortex were repelled. We reconciled these opposing neural and behavioral biases using a model where both sensory encoding and readout are shaped by stimulus history. First, neural adaptation reduces redundancy at encoding and leads to the repulsive biases that we observed in visual cortex. Second, our modeling work suggest that serial dependence is induced by readout mechanisms that account for adaptation in visual cortex. According to this account, the visual system can simultaneously improve efficiency via adaptation while still optimizing behavior based on the temporal structure of natural stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory readout accounts for adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubiquitin specific protease 1 expression and function in T cell immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells are essential mediators of the immune responses against infectious diseases and provide long-lived protection from reinfection. The differentiation of naive T cells to effector T cells and subsequent differentiation and persistence of memory T cell populations in response to infection is a highly regulated process. E protein transcription factors and their inhibitors, Id proteins, are important regulators of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses; however, their regulation at the protein level has not been explored. Recently, the deubiquitinase USP1 was shown to stabilize Id2 and modulate cellular differentiation in osteosarcomas. Here, we investigated a role for Usp1 in posttranslational control of Id2 and Id3 in T cells. We show that Usp1 was upregulated in T cells following activation in vitro or following infection in vivo, and the extent of Usp1 expression correlated with the degree of T cell expansion. Usp1 directly interacted with Id2 and Id3 following T cell activation. However, Usp1-deficiency did not impact Id protein abundance in effector T cells or alter effector CD8+ T cell expansion or differentiation following a primary infection. Usp1 deficiency did result in a gradual loss of memory cells over time and impaired accumulation and altered differentiation following a secondary infection. Together, these results identify Usp1 as a player in modulating recall responses at the protein level and highlight differences in regulation of T cell responses between primary and subsequent infection encounters. Finally, our observations reveal that differential regulation of Id2/3 proteins between immune vs non-immune cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Omilusik, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadjsombati, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goulding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitin specific protease 1 expression and function in T cell immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PRECISE 2.0: an expanded high-quality RNA-seq compendium for Escherichia coli K-12 reveals high-resolution transcriptional regulatory structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptomic data is accumulating rapidly; thus, development of scalable methods for extracting knowledge from this data is critical. We assembled a top-down transcriptional regulatory network for Escherichia coli from a 1035-sample, single-protocol, high-quality RNA-seq compendium. The compendium contains diverse growth conditions, including: 4 temperatures; 9 media; 39 supplements, including antibiotics; and 76 unique gene knockouts. Using unsupervised machine learning, we extracted 117 regulatory modules that account for 86% of known regulatory network interactions. We also identified two novel regulons. After expanding the compendium with 1675 publicly available samples, we extracted similar modules, highlighting the methods scalability and stability. We provide workflows to enable analysis of new user data against this knowledge base, and demonstrate its utility for experimental design. This work provides a blueprint for top-down regulatory network elucidation across organisms using existing data, without any prior annotation and using existing data.

Highlights- Single protocol, high quality RNA-seq dataset contains 1035 samples from Escherichia coli covering a wide range of growth conditions
- Machine learning identifies 117 regulatory modules that capture the majority of known regulatory interactions
- Resulting knowledge base combines expression levels and module activities to enable regulon discovery and empower novel experimental design
- Standard workflows provided to enable application of knowledge base to new user data


Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConn, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PRECISE 2.0: an expanded high-quality RNA-seq compendium for Escherichia coli K-12 reveals high-resolution transcriptional regulatory structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NaCT (SLC13A5) facilitates citrate import and metabolism under nutrient-limited conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.439058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Citrate lies at a critical node of metabolism linking tricarboxylic acid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis via acetyl-coenzyme A. Recent studies have linked the sodium citrate transporter (NaCT), encoded by SLC13A5, to dysregulated hepatic metabolism and pediatric epilepsy. To examine how NaCT-mediated citrate metabolism contributes to the pathophysiology of these diseases we applied 13C isotope tracing to SLC13A5-deficient hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and primary rat cortical neurons. Exogenous citrate contributed to intermediary metabolism at appreciable levels only under hypoxic conditions. In the absence of glutamine, citrate supplementation increased de novo lipogenesis and growth of HCC cells. Knockout of SLC13A5 in Huh7 cells compromised citrate uptake and catabolism. Citrate supplementation rescued Huh7 cell viability in response to glutamine deprivation and Zn2+ treatment, and these effects were mitigated by NaCT deficiency. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NaCT-mediated citrate uptake is metabolically important under nutrient limited conditions and may facilitate resistance to metal toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalacker-Mercer, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pajor, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.439058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NaCT (SLC13A5) facilitates citrate import and metabolism under nutrient-limited conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
State dependence of neural networks on past history and stimulus presentation in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons represent changes in external and internal environments by altering their activity patterns. While coherent brain-wide patterns of neural activity have been observed in neuronal populations, very little is known about their dimensionality, geometry, and how they are correlated with sensory inputs. Here, we recorded the activity of most head neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans experiencing changes in bacterial or control buffer stimuli around their nose. We first classified active neurons into six functional clusters: two sensory neuron clusters (ON and OFF responding to addition and removal of stimuli, respectively) and four motor/command neuron clusters (AVA, RME, SMDD and SMDV). Next, we estimated stimulus selectivity for each cluster and found that while sensory neurons exhibit their maximal responses within 15 seconds, changes in bacterial stimuli drive maximal responses in command and motor neuron clusters after tens of seconds. Furthermore, we show that bacterial stimuli induce neural dynamics that are best described by a hyperbolic, not Euclidean, space, of dimensionality eight. The hyperbolic space provided a better description of neural activity than the standard Euclidean space. This space can be separated into three components - one sensory, and two motor directions (forward-backward and dorsal-ventral). Collectively, we show that C. elegans neural activity can be effectively represented in low-dimensional hyperbolic space to describe a sensorimotor transformation.

Significance statementA major function of a nervous system is to transform sensory information into behavioral outputs. As the first receiver of sensory input, sensory neuronal activity is often most correlated with stimulus features. However, this sensory activity is modified as it travels to other neurons, where it integrates with network activity before altering motor neurons and driving corresponding behavior. Activity in non-sensory neurons is driven by ongoing network activity and sensory input, but distinguishing between their relative contributions is often difficult. Here, we identify two sensory and four command/motor neuron clusters in the C. elegans neural network responding to bacterial stimuli and define their receptive fields. We then use a hyperbolic embedding to identify how these clusters interact with each other and identify the relevant dimensions that might alter behavior. Our method is fully scalable to other systems, including those without neuronal identities, and allows us to attribute neural activity to network states and behavioral outputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cecere, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yemini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.09.439242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[State dependence of neural networks on past history and stimulus presentation in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted Neuronal Activation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Shapes the Environment of the Gut in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is extensively innervated by intrinsic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and extrinsic neurons of the central nervous system and peripheral ganglia, which together regulate gut physiology. The GI tract also harbors a diverse microbiome, but interactions between the ENS and the microbiome remain poorly understood. Herein, we activate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing gut-associated neurons in mice to determine effects on intestinal microbial communities and their metabolites, as well as on host physiology. The resulting multi-omics datasets support broad roles for discrete peripheral neuronal subtypes in shaping microbiome structure, including modulating bile acid profiles and fungal colonization. Physiologically, activation of either ChAT+ or TH+ neurons increases fecal output, while only ChAT+ activation results in increased colonic migrating motor complexes and diarrhea-like fluid secretion. These findings suggest that specific subsets of peripherally-activated ENS neurons differentially regulate the gut microbiome and GI physiology in mice, without involvement of signals from the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoo, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuy-Boun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweredoski, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thron, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolan, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gradinaru, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazmanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted Neuronal Activation of the Gastrointestinal Tract Shapes the Environment of the Gut in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.13.439749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adolescent Binge Drinking is Associated with Accelerated Decline of Gray Matter Volume 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.13.439749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The age- and time-dependent effects of binge-drinking on adolescent brain development have not been well characterized even though binge drinking is a health crisis among adolescents. The impact of binge drinking on gray matter volume development was examined using longitudinal data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). Non-binge drinkers (n=177) were matched to binge drinkers (n=164) on potential confounders. Number of binge drinking episodes in the past year was linked to decreased volumes for total gray matter, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes (ps<.001). Interactions of binge drinking episodes and age demonstrated stronger effects in younger subjects for total gray matter, frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes (ps<.001). Subsequent models included binge drinking coded in multiple ways. Models sensitive to number of episodes and temporal proximity to outcomes provided the best fits. Declines in gray matter volume association with binge drinking are potentially related to changes in cognition frequently reported among binge drinking adolescents. Results underscore the potential importance of delaying initiation of binge drinking and provide evidence for a dose-response relationship of binge drinking to gray matter decline. Temporally proximal binge drinking was associated more strongly with gray matter decline, suggesting the potential for recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Infante, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumback, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colrain, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldston, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nooner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfefferbaum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.439749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adolescent Binge Drinking is Associated with Accelerated Decline of Gray Matter Volume]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.436660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline variants that influence the tumor immune microenvironment also drive response to immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.436660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the continued promise of immunotherapy as an avenue for treating cancer, understanding how host genetics contributes to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential to tailoring cancer screening and treatment strategies. Approaches that intersect SNP modifiers of molecular phenotype, such as gene expression, with disease phenotypes have shown promise for implicating causal genetic factors. Here we evaluated 194 literature-curated TIME associations and 890 associations detected with 157 immune phenotype (IP) components found using genotypes from over 8,000 individuals in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Of these 1084, 233 associations comprising 219 unique TIME-SNPs were also cancer relevant, associating with cancer risk, survival, and/or immunotherapy treatment response. Many cancer relevant TIME-SNPS overlapped regions of active transcription, and were associated with gene expression in specific immune cell subsets, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. TIME-SNPs associated with cancer risk and response to immunotherapy implicated genes involved in antigen presentation, especially by antigen presenting cells. The strongest associations with survival were with PD-L1 and CTLA-4, suggesting that SNPs modifying the potential for immune evasion could contribute to disease progression. To assess whether our approach could reveal novel cancer immunotherapy targets, we inhibited CTSS, a gene implicated by cancer risk and immunotherapy response-associated TIME-SNPs; CTSS inhibition resulted in slowed tumor growth and extended survival in vivo. These results validate the potential of cancer relevant TIME-SNPs to implicate target genes for countering immune suppressive characteristics of the TIME and set the stage for future host genetics analysis integrating germline variation and TIME characteristics.

SignificanceA systematic screen for common germline variants associated with the tumor immune microenvironment across > 8000 tumors reveals novel cancer risk factors and targets for immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pagadala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Guijarro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talwar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Colin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmiedel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayanand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.436660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline variants that influence the tumor immune microenvironment also drive response to immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multiscale model predicts the sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris to light and nitrogen levels in photobioreactors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The maximization of lipid productivity in microalgae is crucial for the biofuel industry, and it can be achieved by manipulating their metabolism. However, little efforts have been made to apply metabolic models in a dynamic framework to predict possible outcomes to scenarios observed at an industrial scale. Here, we present a dynamic framework for the simulation of large-scale photobioreactors. The framework was generated by merging the genome-scale metabolic model of Chlorella vulgaris (iCZ843) with reactor-scale parameters, thus yielding a multiscale model. This multiscale model was employed to predict the sensitivity of growth and composition variation of C. vulgaris on light and nitrogen levels. Simulations of lipid accumulation quantified the tradeoff between growth and lipid biosynthesis under nitrogen limitation. Moreover, our modeling approach quantitatively predicted the dependence of microalgal metabolism on light intensity and circadian oscillations. Finally, we use the model to design a reactor irradiance profile that maximized lipid accumulation, thus achieving a lipid productivity increase of 46% at a constant intensity of 966 E m-2 s-1. Our modeling framework elucidated how metabolism and external factors can be combined to predict optimized parameters for industrial applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tibocha-Bonilla, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broddrick, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy-Silva, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multiscale model predicts the sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris to light and nitrogen levels in photobioreactors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.439387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mindfulness Training Alters Resting-State EEG Dynamics in Novice Practitioners via Mindful Breathing and Body-scan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.439387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been proven to improve mental health and quality of life. This study examined how mindfulness training and various types of mindfulness practices altered brain activity. Specifically, the spectral powers of scalp electroencephalography (EEG) of the MBSR group who underwent an 8-week mindfulness training--including mindful breathing and body-scan--were evaluated and compared with those of the waitlist controls. Empirical results indicated that the long-term mindfulness intervention effect significantly elevated the resting-state beta powers and reduced resting-state delta powers in both practices; such changes were not observed in the waitlist control. Compared with mindful breathing, body-scanning resulted in an overall decline in EEG spectral powers at both delta and gamma bands among trained participants. Together with our preliminary data of expert mediators, the aforementioned spectral changes were salient after intervention, but mitigated along with expertise. Additionally, after receiving training, the MBSR groups mindfulness and emotion regulation levels improved significantly, which were correlated with the EEG spectral changes in the theta, alpha, and low-beta bands. This study elaborated the neurophysiological correlates of mindfulness practices, suggesting that MBSR might function as a unique internal processing that involves increased vigilant capability and induces alterations similar to other cognitive training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, H.-Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guu, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.439387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mindfulness Training Alters Resting-State EEG Dynamics in Novice Practitioners via Mindful Breathing and Body-scan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
System-level effects of CO2 and RuBisCO concentration on carbon isotope fractionation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carbon isotope biosignatures preserved in the Precambrian geologic record are primarily interpreted to reflect ancient cyanobacterial carbon fixation catalyzed by Form I RuBisCO enzymes. The average range of isotopic biosignatures generally follows that produced by extant cyanobacteria. However, this observation is difficult to reconcile with several environmental (e.g., temperature, pH, and CO2 concentrations), molecular, and physiological factors that likely would have differed during the Precambrian and can produce fractionation variability in contemporary organisms that meets or exceeds that observed in the geologic record. To test a range of genetic and environmental factors that may have impacted ancient carbon isotope biosignatures, we engineered a mutant strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 that overexpresses RuBisCO and characterized the resultant physiological and isotope fractionation effects. We specifically investigated how both increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and RuBisCO regulation influence cell growth, oxygen evolution rate, and carbon isotope fractionation in cyanobacteria. We found that elevated CO2 increases the growth rate of wild-type and mutant strains, and that the pool of active RuBisCO enzyme increases with increased expression. RuBisCO overexpression in our engineered strain does not significantly affect isotopic discrimination at all tested CO2 concentrations, yielding cellular 13C/12C isotope discrimination ({varepsilon}p) of [~]24{per thousand} for both wild-type and mutant strains at elevated CO2. Understanding the environmental factors that impact gene regulation, physiology, and evolution is crucial for reconciling microbially driven carbon isotope fractionation with the geologic record carbon biosignatures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kedzior, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kacar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[System-level effects of CO2 and RuBisCO concentration on carbon isotope fractionation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.21.440816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemoenzymatic Generation of Phospholipid Membranes Mediated by Type I Fatty Acid Synthase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.21.440816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The de novo formation of lipid membranes from minimal reactive precursors is a major goal in synthetic cell research. In nature, the synthesis of membrane phospholipids is orchestrated by numerous enzymes, including fatty acid synthases and membrane-bound acyltransferases. However, these enzymatic pathways are difficult to fully reproduce in vitro. As such, the reconstitution of phospholipid membrane synthesis from simple metabolic building blocks remains a challenge. Here, we describe a chemoenzymatic strategy for lipid membrane generation that utilizes a soluble bacterial fatty acid synthase (cgFAS I) to synthesize palmitoyl-CoA in situ from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. The fatty acid derivative spontaneously reacts with a cysteine-modified lysophospholipid by native chemical ligation (NCL), affording a non-canonical amidophospholipid that self-assembles into micron-sized membrane-bound vesicles. To our knowledge, this is the first example of reconstituting phospholipid membrane formation directly from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. Our results demonstrate that combining the specificity and efficiency of a type I fatty acid synthase with a highly selective bioconjugation reaction provides a biomimetic route for the de novo formation of membrane-bound vesicles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brea Fernandez, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.21.440816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemoenzymatic Generation of Phospholipid Membranes Mediated by Type I Fatty Acid Synthase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of fatty acyl-CoA ligase drives one-pot de novo synthesis of membrane-bound vesicles in a cell free transcription-translation system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the central importance of lipid membranes in cellular organization, it is challenging to reconstitute their de novo formation from minimal chemical and biological elements. Here we describe a chemoenzymatic route to membrane-forming non-canonical phospholipids in which cysteine-modified lysolipids undergo spontaneous coupling with fatty acyl-CoA thioesters generated enzymatically by a fatty acyl-CoA ligase. Due to the high efficiency of the reaction, we were able to optimize phospholipid membrane formation in a cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) system. Combining DNA encoding for the fatty acyl-CoA ligase with suitable lipid precursors, enabled spontaneous one-pot de novo synthesis of membrane-bound vesicles. Non-canonical sphingolipid synthesis was also possible by using a cysteine-modified lysosphingomyelin as a precursor. When the sphingomyelin-interacting protein lysenin is co-expressed alongside the acyl CoA ligase, the in situ assembled membranes were spontaneously modified with protein. Our strategy of coupling gene expression with membrane lipid synthesis in a one-pot fashion could facilitate the generation of proteoliposomes and brings us closer to the bottom-up generation of synthetic cells using recombinant synthetic biology platforms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brea, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.440977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of fatty acyl-CoA ligase drives one-pot de novo synthesis of membrane-bound vesicles in a cell free transcription-translation system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.441026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid blood acid-base regulation by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in response to sudden exposure to high environmental CO2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.441026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fish in coastal ecosystems can be exposed to acute variations in CO2 that can approach 1 kPa CO2 (10,000 atm). Coping with this environmental challenge will depend on the ability to rapidly compensate the internal acid-base disturbance caused by sudden exposure to high environmental CO2 (blood and tissue acidosis); however, studies about the speed of acid-base regulatory responses in marine fish are scarce. We observed that upon exposure to ~1 kPa CO2, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) completely regulate erythrocyte intracellular pH within ~40 minutes, thus restoring haemoglobin-O2 affinity to pre-exposure levels. Moreover, blood pH returned to normal levels within ~2 hours, which is one of the fastest acid-base recoveries documented in any fish. This was achieved via a large upregulation of net acid excretion and accumulation of HCO3- in blood, which increased from ~4 to ~22 mM. While the abundance and intracellular localisation of gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) remained unchanged, the apical surface area of acid-excreting gill ionocytes doubled. This constitutes a novel mechanism for rapidly increasing acid excretion during sudden blood acidosis. Rapid acid-base regulation was completely prevented when the same high CO2 exposure occurred in seawater with experimentally reduced HCO3- and pH, likely because reduced environmental pH inhibited gill H+ excretion via NHE3. The rapid and robust acid-base regulatory responses identified will enable European sea bass to maintain physiological performance during large and sudden CO2 fluctuations that naturally occur in coastal environments.

Summary statementEuropean sea bass exposed to 1 kPa (10,000 atm) CO2 regulate blood and red cell pH within 2 hours and 40 minutes, respectively, protecting O2 transport capacity, via enhanced gill acid excretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finlay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhard, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birchenough, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.441026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid blood acid-base regulation by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in response to sudden exposure to high environmental CO2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.441030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA-CLAMP Enables Photo-activated Control of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing by Site-specific Intramolecular Cross-linking of the sgRNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.441030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we introduce RNA-CLAMP, a technology which enables site-specific and enzymatic cross-linking (clamping) of two selected stem loops within an RNA of interest. Intramolecular clamping of the RNA can disrupt normal RNA function, whereas subsequent photo-cleavage of the crosslinker restores activity. We applied the RNA-CLAMP technique to the single guide RNA of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. By clamping two stem loops of the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) with a photo-cleavable cross-linker, gene editing was completely silenced. Visible light irradiation cleaved the crosslinker and restored gene editing with high spatiotemporal resolution. Furthermore, by designing two photo-cleavable linkers which are responsive to different wavelength of lights, we achieved multiplexed photo-activation of gene editing in mammalian cells. Notably, although the Cas9-sgRNA RNP is not capable of DNA cleavage activity upon clamping, it maintained the capability to bind to the target DNA. The RNA-CLAMP enabled photo-activated CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing platform offers clean background, free choice of activation wavelength and multiplexing capability. We believe that this technology to precisely and rapidly control gene editing will serve as a versatile tool in the future development of stimuli responsive gene editing technologies. Beyond gene editing, RNA-CLAMP provides a site-specific tool for manipulating the internal structure of functional RNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tota, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.441030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA-CLAMP Enables Photo-activated Control of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing by Site-specific Intramolecular Cross-linking of the sgRNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generalization of Cortical Multivariate Genome-Wide Associations Within and Across Samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Association studies have typically been limited to single phenotypes, given that high dimensional phenotypes incur a large multiple comparisons burden: ~1 million tests across the genome times the number of phenotypes. Recent work demonstrates that a Multivariate Omnibus Statistic Test (MOSTest) is well powered to discover genomic effects distributed across multiple phenotypes. Applied to cortical brain MRI morphology measures, MOSTest has resulted in a drastic improvement in power to discover loci when compared to established approaches (min-P). One question that arises is how well these discovered loci replicate in independent data. Here we perform 10 times cross validation within 35,644 individuals from UK Biobank for imaging measures of cortical area, thickness and sulcal depth (>1,000 dimensionality for each). By deploying a replication method that aggregates discovered effects distributed across multiple phenotypes, termed PolyVertex Score (PVS), we demonstrate a higher replication yield and comparable replication rate of discovered loci for MOSTest (# replicated loci: 348-845, replication rate: 94-95%) in independent data when compared with the established min-P approach (# replicated loci: 31-68, replication rate: 65-80%). An out-of-sample replication of discovered loci was conducted with a sample of 8,336 individuals from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development(R) (ABCD) study, who are on average 50 years younger than UK Biobank individuals. We observe a higher replication yield and comparable replication rate of MOSTest compared to min-P. This finding underscores the importance of using well-powered multivariate techniques for both discovery and replication of high dimensional phenotypes in Genome-Wide Association studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.23.441215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generalization of Cortical Multivariate Genome-Wide Associations Within and Across Samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods exactly as if maximizing economic utility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.25.441352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In value-based decision making, options are selected according to subjective values assigned by the individual to available goods and actions. Despite the importance of this faculty of the mind, the neural mechanisms of value assignments, and how choices are directed by them, remain obscure. To investigate this problem, we used a classic measure of utility maximization, the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preference, to quantify internal consistency of food preferences in Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode worm with a nervous system of only 302 neurons. Using a novel combination of microfluidics and electrophysiology, we found that C. elegans food choices fulfill the necessary and sufficient conditions for utility maximization, indicating that nematodes behave as if they maintain, and attempt to maximize, an underlying representation of subjective value. Food choices are well-fit by a utility function widely used to model human consumers. Moreover, as in many other animals, subjective values in C. elegans are learned, a process we find requires intact dopamine signaling. Differential responses of identified chemosensory neurons to foods with distinct growth potentials are amplified by prior consumption of these foods, suggesting that these neurons may be part of a value-assignment system. The demonstration of utility maximization in an organism with a very small nervous system sets a new lower bound on the computational requirements for utility maximization and offers the prospect of an essentially complete explanation of value-based decision making at single neuron resolution in this organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katzen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harbaugh, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacono, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flavell, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glimcher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lockery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.25.441352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The nematode worm C. elegans chooses between bacterial foods exactly as if maximizing economic utility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular Organization of Viral Particles During Maturation of Nucleus-Forming Jumbo Phage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many eukaryotic viruses assemble mature particles within distinct subcellular compartments, but bacteriophages were long assumed to assemble randomly throughout the host cell cytoplasm. Here we visualized the subcellular location of viral particles formed during replication of Pseudomonas nucleus-forming jumbo phages and discovered that they assemble a unique structure inside cells we term phage bouquets. We show that after capsids complete DNA packaging at the surface of the phage nucleus, tails assemble and attach to the capsids, and these particles accumulate to form bouquets at specific subcellular locations. In these bouquets, the viral particles are arranged in a spherical pattern with tails oriented inward and the heads outwards. Localized at fixed distances on either side of the phage nucleus, bouquets grow in size and number over time as new phage particles are added. In the presence of mutations that cause the phage nucleus to be mispositioned away from its typical position at the midcell, bouquets still localize at the same fixed distance from the nucleus, suggesting an active mechanism for their formation and positioning. These results mark the discovery of a pathway for organizing mature viral particles inside bacteria and demonstrate that nucleus-forming jumbo phage, like most eukaryotic viruses, are highly spatially organized during all stages of their lytic cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaikeeratisak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular Organization of Viral Particles During Maturation of Nucleus-Forming Jumbo Phage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Suboptimal proteome allocation during changing environments constrains bacterial response and growth recovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To sustain growth in fluctuating environments microbial organisms must respond appropriately. The response generally requires the synthesis of novel proteins, but this synthesis can be impeded due to the depletion of biosynthetic precursors when growth conditions vary. Microbes must thus devise effective response strategies to manage depleting precursors. To better understand these strategies, we here investigate the active response of Escherichia coli to changes in nutrient conditions, connecting transient gene-expression behavior to growth phenotypes. By synthetically modifying the gene expression during changing growth conditions, we show how the competition by genes for the limited protein synthesis capacity constrains the cellular response. Despite this constraint, cells substantially express genes that are not required, severely slowing down the response. These findings highlight that cells do not optimize growth and recovery in every encountered environment but rather exhibit hardwired response strategies that may have evolved to promote growth and fitness in their native environment and include the regulation of multiple genes. The constraint and the suboptimality of the cellular response uncovered in this study provides a conceptual framework relevant for many research applications, from the prediction of evolution and adaptation to the improvement of gene circuits in biotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Suboptimal proteome allocation during changing environments constrains bacterial response and growth recovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic morphological and morphometric analysis of identified olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biophysical properties of sensory neurons are influenced by their morphometric and morphological features, whose precise measurements require high-quality volume electron microscopy (EM). However, systematic surveys of these nanoscale characteristics for identified neurons are scarce. Here, we characterize the morphology of Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) across the majority of genetically identified sensory hairs. By analyzing serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM) images of cryofixed antennal tissues, we compile an extensive morphometric dataset based on 122 reconstructed 3D models of 33 identified ORN types. In addition, we observe multiple novel features--including extracellular vacuoles within sensillum lumen, intricate dendritic branching, mitochondria enrichment in select ORNs, novel sensillum types, and empty sensilla containing no neurons--which raise new questions pertinent to cell biology and sensory neurobiology. Our systematic survey is critical for future investigations into how the size and shape of sensory neurons influence their responses, sensitivity and circuit function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nava Gonzales, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKaughan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauwenberghs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madany, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic morphological and morphometric analysis of identified olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allelic variation in Class I HLA determines pre-existing memory responses to SARS-CoV-2 that shape the CD8+ T cell repertoire upon viral exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Effective presentation of antigens by HLA class I molecules to CD8+ T cells is required for viral elimination and generation of long-term immunological memory. In this study, we applied a single-cell, multi-omic technology to generate the first unified ex vivo characterization of the CD8+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 across 4 major HLA class I alleles. We found that HLA genotype conditions key features of epitope specificity, TCR /{beta} sequence diversity, and the utilization of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 reactive memory T cell pools. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed functionally diverse T cell phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells, associated with both disease stage and epitope specificity. Our results show that HLA variations influence pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and shape the immune repertoire upon subsequent viral exposure.

One-Sentence SummaryWe perform a unified, multi-omic characterization of the CD8+ T cell response to SARS-CoV-2, revealing pre-existing immunity conditioned by HLA genotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francis, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leistritz-Edwards, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dempsey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wille, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roscoe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockwell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gienger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickerson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MGH COVID-19 Collection and Processing Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moarefi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardwell, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skoberne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalek, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coyle, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoist, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pregibon, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.441258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allelic variation in Class I HLA determines pre-existing memory responses to SARS-CoV-2 that shape the CD8+ T cell repertoire upon viral exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SmProt: a reliable repository with comprehensive annotation of small proteins identified from ribosome profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small proteins specifically refer to proteins consisting of less than 100 amino acids translated from small open reading frames (sORFs), which were usually missed in previous genome annotation. The significance of small proteins has been revealed in current years, along with the discovery of their diverse functions. However, systematic annotation of small proteins is still insufficient. SmProt was specially developed to provide valuable information on small proteins for scientific community. Here we present the update of SmProt, which emphasizes reliability of translated sORFs, genetic variants in translated sORFs, disease-specific sORFs translation events or sequences, and significantly increased data volume. More components such as non-AUG translation initiation, function, and new sources are also included. SmProt incorporated 638,958 unique small proteins curated from 3,165,229 primary records, which were computationally predicted from 419 ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) datasets and collected from the literature and other sources originating from 370 cell lines or tissues in 8 species (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Escherichia coli). In addition, small protein families identified from human microbiomes were collected. All datasets in SmProt are free to access, and available for browse, search, and bulk downloads at http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/SmProt/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.441405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SmProt: a reliable repository with comprehensive annotation of small proteins identified from ribosome profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic adaptation to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in aging POLGD257A mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A decline in mitochondrial function is associated with neurodegeneration and aging. Progressive mitochondrial defects have diverse metabolic consequences that could drive some of the pathophysiological changes that occur with aging. Here, we comprehensively characterized metabolic alterations in PolgD257A mitochondrial DNA mutator mice. Plasma alanine increased dramatically with time, with lactate and other organic acids accumulating to a lesser extent. These changes were reflective of increased glycolysis, rapid gluconeogenesis, and hypoglycemia. Tracing with [15N]ammonium revealed impairment of the urea cycle and diversion to purine catabolism. We also measured alterations in the lipidome, observing a general reduction in canonical lipids and the accumulation of 1-deoxysphingolipids, which are synthesized from alanine via promiscuous serine palmitoyltransferase activity. Consistent with 1-deoxysphingolipids association with peripheral neuropathy, PolgD257A mice exhibited thermal hypoalgesia. These results highlight the distinct changes that occur in carbon and nitrogen metabolism upon mitochondrial impairment and key metabolic mechanisms which can drive aging-associated neuropathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handzlik, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trefts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gengatharan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.441996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic adaptation to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in aging POLGD257A mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In heart failure reactivation of RNA-binding proteins drives the transcriptome into a fetal state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome-wide expression changes occur during heart failure, including reactivation of fetal-specific isoforms. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the extent to which a fetal gene program switch occurs remains unclear. Limitations hindering transcriptome-wide analyses of alternative splicing differences (i.e. isoform switching) in cardiovascular system (CVS) tissues between fetal and adult (healthy and diseased) stages have included both cellular heterogeneity across bulk RNA-seq samples and limited availability of fetal tissue for research. To overcome these limitations, we have deconvoluted the cellular compositions of 996 RNA-seq samples representing heart failure, healthy adult (heart and arteria), and fetal-like (iPSC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells) CVS tissues. Comparison of the expression profiles revealed that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are highly overexpressed in fetal-like compared with healthy adult and are reactivated in heart failure, which results in expression of thousands fetal-specific isoforms. Of note, isoforms for 20 different RBPs were among those that reverted in heart failure to the fetal-like expression pattern. We determined that, compared with adult-specific isoforms, fetal-specific isoforms are more likely to bind RBPs, have canonical sequences at their splice sites and encode proteins with more functions. Our findings suggest targeting RBP fetal-specific isoforms could result in novel therapeutics for heart failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DAntonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In heart failure reactivation of RNA-binding proteins drives the transcriptome into a fetal state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired T-cell and antibody immunity after COVID-19 infection in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assessment of T-cell immunity to the COVID-19 coronavirus requires reliable assays and is of great interest, given the uncertain longevity of the antibody response. Some recent reports have used immunodominant spike (S) antigenic peptides and anti-CD28 co-stimulation in varying combinations to assess T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These assays may cause T-cell hyperstimulation and could overestimate antiviral immunity in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients, who are predisposed to infections and vaccination failures. Here, we evaluate CD154-expressing T-cells induced by unselected S antigenic peptides in 204 subjects-103 COVID-19 patients and 101 healthy unexposed subjects. Subjects included 72 transplanted and 130 non-transplanted subjects. S-reactive CD154+T-cells co-express and can thus substitute for IFN{gamma} (n=3). Assay reproducibility in a variety of conditions was acceptable with coefficient of variation of 2-10.6%. S-reactive CD154+T-cell frequencies were a) higher in 42 healthy unexposed transplant recipients who were sampled pre-pandemic, compared with 59 healthy non-transplanted subjects (p=0.02), b) lower in Tr COVID-19 patients compared with healthy transplant patients (p<0.0001), c) lower in Tr patients with severe COVID-19 (p<0.0001), or COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (p<0.05), compared with healthy Tr recipients. S-reactive T-cells were not significantly different between the various COVID-19 disease categories in NT recipients. Among transplant recipients with COVID-19, cytomegalovirus co-infection occurred in 34%; further, CMV-specific T-cells (p<0.001) and incidence of anti-receptor-binding-domain IgG (p=0.011) were lower compared with non-transplanted COVID-19 patients. Healthy unexposed transplant recipients exhibit pre-existing T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 infection leads to impaired T-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and increased risk of CMV co-infection in transplant recipients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashokkumar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroemer, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazariegos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgs, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazigi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekong, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancourt-Garcia, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehrotra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltys, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ningappa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spishock, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sindhi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atale, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baliga, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishbein, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sindhi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.03.442371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired T-cell and antibody immunity after COVID-19 infection in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of lineage-resolved complete metagenome-assembled genomes by precision phasing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial communities in many environments include distinct lineages of closely related organisms which have proved challenging to separate in metagenomic assembly, preventing generation of complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The advent of long and accurate HiFi reads presents a possible means to address this challenge by generating complete MAGs for nearly all sufficiently abundant bacterial genomes in a microbial community. We present a metagenomic HiFi assembly of a complex microbial community from sheep fecal material that resulted in 428 high-quality MAGs from a single sample, the highest resolution achieved with metagenomic deconvolution to date. We applied a computational approach to separate distinct haplotype lineages and identified haplotypes of hundreds of variants across hundreds of kilobases of genomic sequence. Analysis of these haplotypes revealed 220 lineage-resolved complete MAGs, including 44 in single circular contigs, and demonstrated improvement in overall assembly compared to error-prone long reads. We report the characterization of multiple, closely-related microbes within a sample with potential to improve precision in assigning mobile genetic elements to host genomes within complex microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bickhart, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolmogorov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korobeynikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolstoganov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uritskiy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liachko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreu, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panke-Buisse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medema, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.442591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of lineage-resolved complete metagenome-assembled genomes by precision phasing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.439182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into the L3 to L4 developmental program through proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.439182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The establishment of infection with the lymphatic dwelling filarial parasites is dependent on the infectivity and subsequent development of the infective larvae (L3) within the human host to later stages (L4, adults) that require several developmental molts. The molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental processes in parasitic nematodes are not clearly defined. We report the proteomic profiles throughout the entire L3 to L4 molt using an established in vitro molting process for the human pathogen B. malayi. A total of 3466 proteins of B. malayi and 54 from Wolbachia were detected at one or more time points. Based on the proteomic profiling, the L3 to L4 molting proteome can be broadly divided into an early, middle and late phase. Enrichment of proteins, protein families and functional categories between each time point or between phases primarily relate to energy metabolism, immune evasion through secreted proteins, protein modification, and extracellular matrix-related processes involved in the development of new cuticle. Comparative analyses with somatic proteomes and transcriptomes highlighted the differential usage of cysteine proteinases (CPLs), BmCPL-1, -4 and -5 in the L3-L4 molt compared to the adults and microfilariae. Inhibition of the CPLs effectively blocked the in-vitro L3 to L4 molt. Overall, only 4 Wolbachia proteins (Wbm0495, Wbm0793, Wbm0635, and Wbm0786) were detected across all time points and suggest that they play an inconsequential role in the early developmental process.

ImportanceThe neglected tropical diseases of lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis (or river blindness), and loiasis are the three major filarial infections of humans that cause long-term disability, impaired childhood growth, reduced reproductive capacity. Global efforts to control and/or eliminate these infections as a public health concern are based on strategies and tools to strengthen the diagnostics, therapeutic and prophylactic measures. A deeper understanding of the genes, proteins and pathways critical for the development of the parasite is needed to help further investigate the mechanisms of parasite establishment and disease progression, because not all the transmitted infective larvae get to develop successfully and establish infections. The significance of this study is in identifying the proteins and the pathways that are needed by the parasite for successful developmental molts, that in turn will allow for investigating targets of therapeutic and prophylactic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bennuru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lustigman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nutman, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.439182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into the L3 to L4 developmental program through proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a Cell Surface Display System in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-surface display systems are biotechnological techniques used to express heterologous proteins on the cell surface. Their application depends directly on the cell system used, as well as on the anchoring point for the surface displayed protein. To meet most application demands an inexpensive, safe, and scalable production platform, that reduces the economic barriers for large scale use is needed. Towards this goal, we screened three possible cell surface anchoring points in the green algae Chlamydomonas by fusing mVenus to prospective anchors moieties. The vectors harboring mVenus:anchor were screened for mVenus fluorescence and tested for cellular localization by confocal laser scanning microscopy. This strategy allowed the identification of two functional anchors, one for the cytoplasmic membrane using the MAW8 GPI-anchor signal, and one for the cell wall using the GP1 protein. We also exploited GP1 chemical and biological traits to release the fused proteins efficiently during cell wall shedding. Our work provides a foundation for surface engineering of C reinhardtii supporting both cell biology studies and biotechnology applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molino, J. V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpine, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gademann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a Cell Surface Display System in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The host cell serine protease TMPRSS2 is an attractive therapeutic target for COVID-19 drug discovery. This protease activates the Spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and of other coronaviruses and is essential for viral spread in the lung. Utilizing rational structure-based drug design (SBDD) coupled to substrate specificity screening of TMPRSS2, we have discovered a novel class of small molecule ketobenzothiazole TMPRSS2 inhibitors with significantly improved activity over existing irreversible inhibitors Camostat and Nafamostat. Lead compound MM3122 (4) has an IC50 of 340 pM against recombinant full-length TMPRSS2 protein, an EC50 of 430 pM in blocking host cell entry into Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells of a newly developed VSV SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus, and an EC50 of 74 nM in inhibiting cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 virus in Calu-3 cells. Further, MM3122 blocks Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cell entry with an EC50 of 870 pM. MM3122 has excellent metabolic stability, safety, and pharmacokinetics in mice with a half-life of 8.6 hours in plasma and 7.5 h in lung tissue, making it suitable for in vivo efficacy evaluation and a promising drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahoney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damalanka, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tartell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lourenco, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pwee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer Bridwell, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmakar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azouz, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klinger, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlauf, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klampfer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothenberg, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pöhlmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craik, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janetka, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel class of TMPRSS2 inhibitors potently block SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV viral entry and protect human epithelial lung cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 regulates AT1 receptor expression in Angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts via fibronectin-dependent Integrin-β1 signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent reports on the cardioprotective effects of fibronectin inhibition following myocardial injury suggest a largely unexplored role for the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein in cardiac fibroblast function. We probed the molecular regulation and functional implications of fibronectin gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts exposed to Angiotensin II, a major pro-fibrotic factor in the myocardium. Using gene knockdown and over-expression approaches, western blotting and promoter pull-down assay, we show that collagen type I-activated Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) mediates Angiotensin II-stimulated transcriptional up-regulation of fibronectin by Yes-activated Protein in cardiac fibroblasts. Further, siRNA-mediated fibronectin knockdown attenuated Angiotensin II-stimulated expression of collagen type I and anti-apoptotic cIAP2, and enhanced susceptibility to apoptosis. Importantly, an obligate role for fibronectin was observed in Angiotensin II-stimulated expression of AT1R, the Angiotensin II receptor, which would link ECM signaling and Angiotensin II signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. Moreover, conditioned medium from DDR2- or fibronectin-silenced cardiac fibroblasts reduced AT1R expression in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. The regulatory role of fibronectin in Angiotensin II-stimulated cIAP2, collagen type I and AT1R expression was mediated by Integrin-{beta}1-integrin-linked kinase signaling. In vivo, we observed modestly reduced basal levels of AT1R in DDR2-null mouse myocardium, associated with the previously reported reduction in myocardial Integrin-{beta}1 levels. The role of fibronectin, downstream of DDR2, could be a critical determinant of cardiac fibroblast-mediated wound healing following myocardial injury. In summary, our findings suggest a complex mechanism of regulation of cardiac fibroblast function involving two major extracellular matrix proteins, collagen type I and fibronectin, and their receptors, DDR2 and Integrin-{beta}1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Titus, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>V, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakkatta, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kailasam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 regulates AT1 receptor expression in Angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts via fibronectin-dependent Integrin-β1 signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stochastic simulations reveal that dendritic spine morphology regulates synaptic plasticity in a deterministic manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic spines act as biochemical computational units and must adapt their responses according to their activation history. Calcium influx acts as the first signaling step during post-synaptic activation and is a determinant of synaptic weight change. Dendritic spines also come in a variety of sizes and shapes. To probe the relationship between calcium dynamics and spine morphology, we used a stochastic reaction-diffusion model of calcium dynamics in idealized and realistic geometries. We show that despite the stochastic nature of the various calcium channels, receptors, and pumps, spine size and shape can modulate calcium dynamics and subsequently synaptic weight updates in a deterministic manner. Through a series of exhaustive simulations, we find that the calcium dynamics and synaptic weight change depend on the volume-to-surface area of the spine. The relationships between calcium dynamics and spine morphology identified in idealized geometries also hold in realistic geometries suggesting that there are geometrically determined deterministic relationships that may modulate synaptic weight change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holst, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stochastic simulations reveal that dendritic spine morphology regulates synaptic plasticity in a deterministic manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.443037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topologically Associating Domain Boundaries are Commonly Required for Normal Genome Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.443037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries are thought to partition the genome into distinct regulatory territories. Anecdotal evidence suggests that their disruption may interfere with normal gene expression and cause disease phenotype1-3, but the overall extent to which this occurs remains unknown. Here we show that TAD boundary deletions commonly disrupt normal genome function in vivo. We used CRISPR genome editing in mice to individually delete eight TAD boundaries (11-80kb in size) from the genome in mice. All deletions examined resulted in at least one detectable molecular or organismal phenotype, which included altered chromatin interactions or gene expression, reduced viability, and anatomical phenotypes. For 5 of 8 (62%) loci examined, boundary deletions were associated with increased embryonic lethality or other developmental phenotypes. For example, a TAD boundary deletion near Smad3/Smad6 caused complete embryonic lethality, while a deletion near Tbx5/Lhx5 resulted in a severe lung malformation. Our findings demonstrate the importance of TAD boundary sequences for in vivo genome function and suggest that noncoding deletions affecting TAD boundaries should be carefully considered for potential pathogenicity in clinical genetics screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajderkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuda-Yuzawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akeza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blow, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meky, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Maydell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plajzer-Frick, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talkowski, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llyod, K. C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.443037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topologically Associating Domain Boundaries are Commonly Required for Normal Genome Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.441946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endoplasmic Reticulum morphological regulation by RTN4/NOGO modulates neuronal regeneration by slowing luminal transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.441946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell and tissue functions rely on an elaborate intracellular transport system responsible for distributing bioactive molecules with high spatiotemporal accuracy. The tubular network of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) constitutes a system for the delivery of luminal solutes it stores, including Ca2+, across the cell periphery. The physical nature and factors underlying the ERs functioning as a fluidics system are unclear. Using an improved ER transport visualisation methodology combined with optogenetic Ca2+ dynamics imaging, we observed that ER luminal transport is modulated by natural ER tubule narrowing and dilation, directly proportional to the amount of an ER membrane morphogen, Reticulon 4 (RTN4). Consequently, the ER morphoregulatory effect of RTN4 defines ERs capacity for peripheral Ca2+ delivery and thus controls axonogenesis. Excess RTN4 limited ER luminal transport, Ca2+ release and iPSC-derived cortical neurons axonal extension, while RTN4 elimination reversed the effects.

SummaryIntracellular transport through the lumen of the ER network is modulated through narrowing/dilation of ER tubules by a membrane morphogen - RTN4, a process controlling axonogenesis by limiting the delivery of ER-stored Ca2+.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Konno, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parutto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, D. M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crapart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awadelkareem, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hockings, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werp, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzakopian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westrate, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avezov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.441946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endoplasmic Reticulum morphological regulation by RTN4/NOGO modulates neuronal regeneration by slowing luminal transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-precision mapping of nuclear pore-chromatin interactions reveals new principles of genome organization at the nuclear envelope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in genome organization remains poorly characterized due to technical limitations in probing genome-wide protein-DNA interactions specific to the nuclear periphery. Here, we developed a new sensitive method, NPC-DamID, which combines in vitro reconstitution of nuclear import and DamID technology. The fixation-free method identifies chromatin interactions at the NPCs in intact nuclei from cells and tissues. We found that NPCs are preferentially associated with common and hierarchically arranged super-enhancers (SEs) across multiple cell types. We also uncovered phase-separated condensates at NPCs that compartmentalize and concentrate transcriptional coactivators and structural proteins at SE-regulated genes. Our results support NPCs as anchoring sites for SE regulatory hubs and cell-type-specific transcriptional control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hetzer, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tyagi, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-precision mapping of nuclear pore-chromatin interactions reveals new principles of genome organization at the nuclear envelope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical ripples provide the conditions for consolidation during NREM sleep in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hippocampal ripples index the reconstruction of spatiotemporal neuronal firing patterns essential for the consolidation of memories in the cortex during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM). Recently, cortical ripples in humans have been shown to enfold the replay of neuron firing patterns during cued recall. Here, using intracranial recordings from 18 patients (12 female), we show that cortical ripples also occur during NREM in humans, with similar density, oscillation frequency ([~]90 Hz), duration, and amplitude to waking. Ripples occurred in all cortical regions with similar characteristics, unrelated to putative hippocampal connectivity, and were less dense and robust in higher association areas. Putative pyramidal and interneuron spiking phase-locked to cortical ripples during NREM, with phase delays consistent with ripple generation through pyramidal-interneuron feedback. Cortical ripples were smaller in amplitude than hippocampal ripples, but were similar in density, frequency, and duration. Cortical ripples during NREM typically occurred just prior to the upstate peak, often during spindles. Upstates and spindles have previously been associated with memory consolidation, and we found that cortical ripples grouped co-firing between units within the window of spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Thus, human NREM cortical ripples are: ubiquitous and stereotyped with a tightly focused oscillation frequency; similar to hippocampal ripples; associated with upstates and spindles; and associated with unit co-firing. These properties are consistent with cortical ripples possibly contributing to memory consolidation and other functions during NREM in humans.

Significance StatementIn rodents, hippocampal ripples organize replay during sleep to promote memory consolidation in the cortex, where ripples also occur. However, evidence for cortical ripples in human sleep is limited, and their anatomical distribution and physiological properties are unexplored. Here, using human intracranial recordings, we demonstrate that ripples occur throughout the cortex during waking and sleep with highly stereotyped characteristics. During sleep, cortical ripples tend to occur during spindles on the down-to-upstate transition, and thus participate in a sequence of sleep waves that is important for consolidation. Furthermore, cortical ripples organize single unit spiking with timing optimal to facilitate plasticity. Therefore, cortical ripples in humans possess essential physiological properties to support memory and other cognitive functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzhbinsky, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajfez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskandar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.11.443637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical ripples provide the conditions for consolidation during NREM sleep in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordination of gene expression with cell size enables Escherichia coli to efficiently maintain motility across conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To swim and navigate, motile bacteria synthesize a complex motility machinery involving flagella, motors, and a sensory system. A myriad of studies has elucidated the molecular processes involved, but less is known about the coordination of motility expression with cellular physiology: In Escherichia coli, motility genes are strongly upregulated in nutrient-poor conditions compared to nutrient-replete conditions; yet a quantitative link to cellular motility has not been developed. Here, we systematically investigate gene expression, swimming behavior, and cell growth across a broad spectrum of exponential growth condition. We establish that E. coli up-regulates the expression of motility genes at slow growth to compensate for reduction in cell size, such that the number of flagella per cell is maintained across conditions. The observed 4-5 flagella per cell is the minimum number needed to keep the majority of cells motile. This simple regulatory objective allows E. coli cells to remain motile across a broad range of growth conditions while keeping the biosynthetic and energetic demands to establish and drive the motility machinery at the minimum needed. Given the strong reduction in flagella synthesis resulting from cell size increases at fast growth, our findings also provide a novel physiological perspective on bacterial cell size control: A larger cell-size at fast growth is an efficient strategy to increase the allocation of cellular resources to the synthesis of those proteins required for fast growth, while maintaining processes such as motility which are only needed on a per-cell basis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Honda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilizota, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordination of gene expression with cell size enables Escherichia coli to efficiently maintain motility across conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alcohol Use Disrupts Age-Appropriate Cortical Thinning in Adolescence: A Data Driven Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveCortical thickness changes dramatically during development and is influenced by adolescent drinking. However, previous findings have been inconsistent and limited by region-of-interest approaches that are underpowered because they do not conform to the underlying heterogeneity from the effects of alcohol.

MethodsAdolescents (n=657; 12-22 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) who endorsed little to no alcohol use at baseline were assessed with structural MRI and followed longitudinally at four yearly intervals. Seven unique spatially covarying patterns of cortical thickness were obtained from the baseline scans by applying a novel data-driven method called non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The cortical thickness maps of all participants longitudinal scans were projected onto vertex-level cortical patterns to obtain participant-specific coefficients for each pattern. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to each pattern to investigate longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on cortical thickness.

ResultsIn most NMF-derived cortical thickness patterns, the longitudinal rate of decline in no/low drinkers was similar for all age cohorts, among moderate drinkers the decline was faster in the younger cohort and slower in the older cohort, among heavy drinkers the decline was fastest in the younger cohort and slowest in the older cohort (FDR corrected p-values < 0.01).

ConclusionsThe NMF method can delineate spatially coordinated patterns of cortical thickness at the vertex level that are unconstrained by anatomical features. Age-appropriate cortical thinning is more rapid in younger adolescent drinkers and slower in older adolescent drinkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adduru, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouchard, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotiras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapert, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldston, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nooner, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagel, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Bellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alcohol Use Disrupts Age-Appropriate Cortical Thinning in Adolescence: A Data Driven Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systems-guided approach to discover the intracellular target of a novel evolution-drug lead 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elucidating intracellular drug targets has been a difficult problem. While machine learning analysis of omics data has been a promising approach, going from large-scale trends to specific targets remains a challenge. Here, we developed a systems-guided hierarchic workflow that utilizes metabolic and structural analysis to narrow in on specific targets suggested by statistical and machine learning analysis of metabolomics data. Utilizing a novel multi-valent DHFR-targeting antibiotic compound, CD15-3, as a case study, we first measured global metabolomics and applied statistics and machine learning to locate broad areas of metabolic perturbation under antibiotic stress. We then tested the ability of suggested compounds to rescue growth and performed metabolic modelling to identify pathways whose inhibition was consistent with growth rescue patterns. Next, we utilized protein structural similarity to further prioritize candidate drug targets within these pathways. Overexpression and in vitro activity assays of a top candidate target, HPPK (folK), showed complete recovery from drug induced growth inhibition and with microscopy. As interest in  white-box machine learning methods continues to grow, this study demonstrates how established machine learning methods can be combined with mechanistic analyses to improve the resolution of drug target finding workflows.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalldorf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakhnovich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systems-guided approach to discover the intracellular target of a novel evolution-drug lead]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of vapor exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the Maine Lobster (Homarus americanus) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleDespite a long history of use in synaptic physiology, the lobster has been a neglected model for behavioral pharmacology. A restaurateur proposed that exposing lobster to cannabis smoke reduces anxiety and pain during the cooking process. It is unknown if lobster gill respiration in air would result in significant {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) uptake and whether this would have any detectable behavioral effects.

ObjectiveThe primary goal was to determine tissue THC levels in the lobster after exposure to THC vapor. Secondary goals were to determine if THC vapor altered locomotor behavior or nociception.

MethodsTissue samples were collected (including muscle, brain and hemolymph) from Homarus americanus (N=3 per group) following 30 or 60 minutes of exposure to vapor generated by an e-cigarette device using THC (100 mg/mL in a propylene glycol vehicle). Separate experiments assessed locomotor behavior and hot water nociceptive responses following THC vapor exposure.

ResultsTHC vapor produced duration-related THC levels in all tissues examined. Locomotor activity was decreased (distance, speed, time-mobile) by 30 min inhalation of THC. Lobsters exhibit a temperature-dependent withdrawal response to immersion of tail, antennae or claws in warm water; this is novel evidence of thermal nociception for this species. THC exposure for 60 minutes had only marginal effect on nociception under the conditions assessed.

ConclusionsVapor exposure of lobsters, using an e-cigarette based model, produces dose-dependent THC levels in all tissues and reduces locomotor activity. Hot water nociception was temperature dependent, but only minimal anti-nociceptive effect of THC exposure was confirmed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.445508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of vapor exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the Maine Lobster (Homarus americanus)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal dimensionality selection for independent component analysis of transcriptomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that separates a set of mixed signals into a set of statistically independent source signals. Applied to high-quality gene expression datasets, ICA effectively reveals the source signals of the transcriptome as groups of co-regulated genes and their corresponding activities across diverse growth conditions. Two major variables that affect the output of ICA are the diversity and scope of the underlying data, and the user-defined number of independent components, or dimensionality, to compute. Availability of high-quality transcriptomic datasets has grown exponentially as high-throughput technologies have advanced; however, optimal dimensionality selection remains an open question. Here, we introduce a new method, called OptICA, for effectively finding the optimal dimensionality that consistently maximizes the number of biologically relevant components revealed while minimizing the potential for over-decomposition. We show that OptICA outperforms two previously proposed methods for selecting the number of independent components across four transcriptomic databases of varying sizes. OptICA avoids both over-decomposition and under-decomposition of transcriptomic datasets resulting in the best representation of the organisms underlying transcriptional regulatory network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McConn, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal dimensionality selection for independent component analysis of transcriptomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of clustered mutations in cancer reveals recurrent APOBEC3 mutagenesis of ecDNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clustered somatic mutations are common in cancer genomes with prior analyses revealing several types of clustered single-base substitutions, including doublet- and multi-base substitutions, diffuse hypermutation termed omikli, and longer strand-coordinated events termed kataegis. Here, we provide a comprehensive characterization of clustered substitutions and clustered small insertions and deletions (indels) across 2,583 whole-genome sequenced cancers from 30 cancer types. While only 3.7% of substitutions and 0.9% of indels were found to be clustered, they contributed 8.4% and 6.9% of substitution and indel drivers, respectively. Multiple distinct mutational processes gave rise to clustered indels including signatures enriched in tobacco smokers and homologous-recombination deficient cancers. Doublet-base substitutions were caused by at least 12 mutational processes, while the majority of multi-base substitutions were generated by either tobacco smoking or exposure to ultraviolet light. Omikli events, previously attributed to the activity of APOBEC3 deaminases, accounted for a large proportion of clustered substitutions. However, only 16.2% of omikli matched APOBEC3 patterns with experimental validation confirming additional mutational processes giving rise to omikli. Kataegis was generated by multiple mutational processes with 76.1% of all kataegic events exhibiting AID/APOBEC3-associated mutational patterns. Co-occurrence of APOBEC3 kataegis and extrachromosomal-DNA (ecDNA) was observed in 31% of samples with ecDNA. Multiple distinct APOBEC3 kataegic events were observed on most mutated ecDNA. ecDNA containing known cancer genes exhibited both positive selection and kataegic hypermutation. Our results reveal the diversity of clustered mutational processes in human cancer and the role of APOBEC3 in recurrently mutating and fueling the evolution of ecDNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petljak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.445689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of clustered mutations in cancer reveals recurrent APOBEC3 mutagenesis of ecDNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits - the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hispanic/Latinos have been underrepresented in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for anthropometric traits despite notable anthropometric variability with ancestry proportions, and a high burden of growth stunting and overweight/obesity in Hispanic/Latino populations. This address this knowledge gap, we analyzed densely-imputed genetic data in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults, to identify and fine-map common genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI). We conducted a GWAS of 18 studies/consortia as part of the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry (HISLA) Consortium (Stage 1, n=59,769) and validated our findings in 9 additional studies (HISLA Stage 2, n=9,336). We conducted a trans-ethnic GWAS with summary statistics from HISLA Stage 1 and existing consortia of European and African ancestries. In our HISLA Stage 1+2 analyses, we discovered one novel BMI locus, as well two novel BMI signals and another novel height signal, each within established anthropometric loci. In our trans-ethnic meta- analysis, we identified three additional novel BMI loci, one novel height locus, and one novel WHRadjBMI locus. We also identified three secondary signals for BMI, 28 for height, and two for WHRadjBMI. We replicated >60 established anthropometric loci in Hispanic/Latino populations at genome-wide significance--representing up to 30% of previously-reported index SNP anthropometric associations. Trans-ethnic meta-analysis of the three ancestries showed a small-to-moderate impact of uncorrected population stratification on the resulting effect size estimates. Our novel findings demonstrate that future studies may also benefit from leveraging differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns to discover novel loci and additional signals with less residual population stratification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Rhodes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justice, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highland, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allred, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Below, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glover, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilly, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horimoto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krieger, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guindo-Martinez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smit, R. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Mejia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acuna-Alonzo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedoya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bortolini, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canizales-Quinteros, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Jose, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothhammer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakonarson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.445969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits - the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid evolution of bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits independent of A subunits: sialic acid binding preferences correlate with host range and toxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytotoxic A subunits of bacterial AB5 toxins enter the cytosol following B subunit binding to host cell glycans. We report that A subunit phylogeny evolves independently of B subunits and suggest a future B subunit nomenclature based on species name. Phylogenetic analysis of B subunits that bind sialic acids (Sias) with homologous molecules in databases also show poor correlation with phylogeny. These data indicate ongoing lateral gene transfers between species, with mixing of A and B subunits. Some B subunits are not even associated with A subunits e.g., YpeB of Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague epidemics. Plague cannot be eradicated because of Y. pestis adaptability to numerous hosts. YpeB shares 58% identity/79% similarity with the homo-pentameric B subunit of E. coli Subtilase cytotoxin, and 48% identity/68% similarity with the B subunit of S. Typhi typhoid toxin. We previously showed selective binding of B5 pentamers to a sialoglycan microarray, with Sia preferences corresponding to hosts e.g., N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac; prominent in humans) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc; prominent in ruminant mammals and rodents). Consistent with much broader host range of Y. pestis, YpeB binds all mammalian sialic acid types, except for 4-O-acetylated ones. Notably, YpeB alone causes dose-dependent cytotoxicity, abolished by a mutation (Y77F) eliminating Sia recognition, suggesting cell proliferation and death via lectin-like cross-linking of cell surface sialoglycoconjugates. These findings help explain the host range of Y. pestis and could be important for pathogenesis. Overall, our data indicate ongoing rapid evolution of both host Sias and pathogen toxin-binding properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khedri, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secrest, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhagen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beddoe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paton, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid evolution of bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits independent of A subunits: sialic acid binding preferences correlate with host range and toxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pro-regenerative Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Prevents and Mitigates Pathological Alterations of Pelvic Muscles Following Birth Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pelvic floor disorders, which include pelvic organ prolapse, and urinary and fecal incontinence, affect millions of women globally and represent a major public health concern. Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunction has been identified as one of the leading risk factors for the development of these morbid conditions. Even though childbirth, specifically vaginal delivery, has been long recognized as the most important potentially modifiable risk factor for PFM injury, the precise mechanisms of PFM dysfunction following childbirth remain elusive. In this study we demonstrate that PFMs undergo atrophy and severe fibrosis in parous women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse compared to age-matched nulliparous cadaveric donors without history of pelvic floor disorders. These pathological alterations are recapitulated in the pre-clinical rat model of simulated birth injury. The transcriptional signature of PFMs post-injury demonstrates a sustained inflammatory response, impairment in muscle anabolism, and persistent expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling genes. Next, we evaluated the administration of acellular injectable skeletal muscle extracellular matrix hydrogel for the prevention and mitigation of these pathological alterations. Treatment of PFMs with the biomaterial either at the time of birth injury or 4 weeks post-injury reduced muscle atrophy and mitigated fibrotic degeneration. By evaluating gene expression, we demonstrate that these changes are mainly driven by the hydrogel-induced modulation of the immune response and intramuscular fibrosis, as well as enhancement of the endogenous myogenesis. This work furthers our understanding of PFM birth injury and demonstrates proof-of-concept for a new pragmatic pro-regenerative biomaterial approach for treating injured PFMs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sesillo, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menefee, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zazueta-Damian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzieciatkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanvictores, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shtrahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pro-regenerative Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Prevents and Mitigates Pathological Alterations of Pelvic Muscles Following Birth Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sialoglycan microarray encoding reveals differential sialoglycan binding of phylogenetically-related bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vertebrate sialic acids (Sias) display much diversity in modifications, linkages and underlying glycans. Slide microarrays allow high-throughput explorations of sialoglycan-protein interactions. A microarray presenting [~]150 structurally-defined sialyltrisaccharides with various Sias linkages and modifications still poses challenges in planning, data sorting, visualization and analysis. To address these issues, we devised a simple 9-digit code for sialyltrisaccharides with terminal Sias and underlying two monosaccharides assigned from the non-reducing end, with three digits assigning a monosaccharide, its modifications, and linkage. Calculations based on the encoding system reveals >113,000 likely linear sialyltrisaccharides in nature. Notably a biantennary N-glycan with two terminal sialyltrisaccharides could thus have >1010 potential combinations and a triantennary N-glycan with three terminal sequences, >1015 potential combinations. While all possibilities likely do not exist in nature, sialoglycans encode enormous diversity. While glycomic approaches are used to probe such diverse sialomes, naturally-occurring bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits are simpler tools to track the dynamic sialome in biological systems. Sialoglycan microarray was utilized to compare sialoglycan-recognizing bacterial toxin B subunits. Unlike the poor correlation between B subunits and species phylogeny, there is stronger correlation with Sia-epitope preferences. Further supporting this pattern, we report a B subunit (YenB) from Yersinia enterocolitica (broad host range) recognizing almost all sialoglycans in the microarray, including 4-O-acetylated-Sias not recognized by a Y. pestis orthologue (YpeB). Differential Sia-binding patterns were also observed with phylogenetically-related B subunits from Escherichia coli (SubB), Salmonella Typhi (PltB), S. Typhimurium (ArtB), extra-intestinal E.coli (EcPltB), Vibrio cholera (CtxB), and cholera family homologue of E. coli (EcxB).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khedri, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhagen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruntse, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beddoe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paton, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sialoglycan microarray encoding reveals differential sialoglycan binding of phylogenetically-related bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycans that are abundantly displayed on vertebrate cell surface and secreted molecules are often capped with terminal sialic acids (Sias). These diverse 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides are involved in numerous intrinsic biological processes. They also interact with commensals and pathogens, while undergoing dynamic changes in time and space, often influenced by environmental conditions. However, most of this sialoglycan complexity and variation remains poorly characterized by conventional techniques, which often tend to destroy or overlook crucial aspects of Sia diversity and/or fail to elucidate native structures in biological systems i.e., in the intact sialome. To date, in situ detection and analysis of sialoglycans has largely relied on the use of plant lectins, sialidases or antibodies, whose preferences (with certain exceptions) are limited and/or uncertain. We took advantage of naturally-evolved microbial molecules (bacterial adhesins, toxin subunits and viral hemagglutinin-esterases) that recognize sialoglycans with defined specificity to delineate 9 classes of Sialoglycan Recognizing Probes (SGRPs: SGRP1-SGRP9) that can be used to explore mammalian sialome changes in a simple and systematic manner, using techniques common in most laboratories. SGRP candidates with specificity defined by sialoglycan microarray studies were engineered as tagged probes, each with a corresponding non-binding mutant probe as a simple and reliable negative control. The optimized panel of SGRPs can be used in methods commonly available in most bioscience labs, such as ELISA, Western Blot, flow cytometry and histochemistry. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we provide examples of sialoglycome differences in tissues from C57BL/6 wild type mice and human-like Cmah-/- mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhagen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasik, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensing, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khedri, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secrest, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrish, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Leucinostatins from Ophiocordyceps sp. as Antiparasitic Agents Against Trypanosoma cruzi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Safe and effective treatments for Chagas disease, a potentially fatal parasitic infection associated with cardiac and gastrointestinal pathology and caused by the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, have yet to be developed. Benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are currently the only available drugs against T. cruzi, are associated with severe adverse effects and questionable efficacy in the late stage of the disease. Natural products have proven to be a rich source of new chemotypes for other infectious agents. We utilized a microscopy-based high-throughput phenotypic screen to identify inhibitors of T. cruzi from a library of natural product samples obtained from fungi procured through a Citizen Science Soil Collection Program (https://whatsinyourbackyard.org/), and the Great Lakes (USA) benthic environment. We identified five leucinostatins (A, B, F, NPDG C and NPDG D) as potent inhibitors of the intracellular amastigote form of T. cruzi. Leucinostatin B also showed in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of Chagas disease. Given prior reports that leucinostatins A and B have antiparasitic activity against the related kinetoplastid T. brucei, our findings suggest a potential cross-trypanocidal compound class and provide a platform for further chemical derivatization of a potent chemical scaffold against T. cruzi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kil, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa da Silva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendt, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souza, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichewicz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Leucinostatins from Ophiocordyceps sp. as Antiparasitic Agents Against Trypanosoma cruzi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular foundations of Precambrian uniformitarianism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The earliest geochemical indicators of microbes--and the enzymes that powered them--extend back almost 3.8 billion years on our planet. Paleobiologists often attempt to understand these indicators by assuming that the behaviors of modern microbes and enzymes are consistent (uniform) with those of their predecessors. A uniformitarian assumption (i.e., the idea that fundamental geobiological processes have occurred in much the same manner over Earth history) seems at odds with our understanding of the inherent variability of living systems. Here, we examine whether a uniformitarian assumption for an enzyme thought to generate carbon isotope indicators of biological activity, RuBisCO, can be corroborated by independently studying the history of changes recorded within RuBisCOs genetic sequences. Specifically, we resurrected a Precambrian-age, ancient RuBisCO by engineering its ancient DNA inside a modern cyanobacterium genome and measured the engineered organisms fitness and carbon-isotope-discrimination profile. The envelope of ancestral RuBisCO isotopic fractionation observed here indicates that uniformitarian assumptions may be warranted, but with important caveats. Our results suggest that further inquiries that link molecule-level evolutionary changes with planet-level geochemical conditions are needed to discern whether enzyme-affected isotope fractionation trends extend deeper into the early Precambrian. Experimental studies illuminating lifes early molecular innovations are crucial to explore the foundations of Precambrian uniformitarian assumptions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kedzior, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kacar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.31.446354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular foundations of Precambrian uniformitarianism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomical Structures, Cell Types, and Biomarkers Tables Plus 3D Reference Organs in Support of a Human Reference Atlas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.This paper reviews efforts across 16 international consortia to construct human anatomical structures, cell types, and biomarkers (ASCT+B) tables and three-dimensional reference organs in support of a Human Reference Atlas. We detail the ontological descriptions and spatial three-dimensional anatomical representations together with user interfaces that support the registration and exploration of human tissue data. Four use cases are presented to demonstrate the utility of ASCT+B tables for advancing biomedical research and improving health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichmann, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quardokus, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osumi-Sutherland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herr, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueckle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haniffa, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halushka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boppana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longacre, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valerius, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radtke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasserfall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginty, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunshine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beuschel, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.31.446440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomical Structures, Cell Types, and Biomarkers Tables Plus 3D Reference Organs in Support of a Human Reference Atlas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDK12 is Necessary to Promote Epidermal Differentiation through Transcription Elongation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper differentiation of the epidermis is essential to prevent water loss and to protect the body from the outside environment. Perturbations in this process can lead to a variety of skin diseases that impacts 1 in 5 people. While transcription factors that control epidermal differentiation have been well characterized, other aspects of transcription control such as elongation are poorly understood. Here we show that of the two cyclin dependent kinases (CDK12 and CDK13), that are known to regulate transcription elongation, only CDK12 is necessary for epidermal differentiation. Depletion of CDK12 led to loss of differentiation gene expression and absence of skin barrier formation in regenerated human epidermis. CDK12 binds to genes that code for differentiation promoting transcription factors (GRHL3, KLF4, and OVOL1) and is necessary for their elongation. CDK12 is necessary for elongation by promoting Ser2 phosphorylation on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and the binding of the elongation factor SPT6 to target genes. Our results suggest that control of transcription elongation by CDK12 plays a prominent role in adult cell fate decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDK12 is Necessary to Promote Epidermal Differentiation through Transcription Elongation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein recognition by single-domain antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.01.446591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the most severe public health event of the twenty-first century. While effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed, there remains an urgent need for diagnostics to quickly and accurately detect infections. Antigen tests, particularly those that detect the abundant SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein, are a proven method for detecting active SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here we report high-resolution crystal structures of three llama-derived single-domain antibodies that bind the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein with high affinity. Each antibody recognizes a specific folded domain of the protein, with two antibodies recognizing the N-terminal RNA binding domain and one recognizing the C-terminal dimerization domain. The two antibodies that recognize the RNA binding domain affect both RNA binding affinity and RNA-mediated phase separation of the Nucleocapsid protein. All three antibodies recognize highly-conserved surfaces on the Nucleocapsid protein, suggesting that they could be used to develop affordable diagnostic tests to detect all circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.01.446591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein recognition by single-domain antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene regulatory networks underlying human microglia maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fetal period is a critical time for brain development, characterized by neurogenesis, neural migration, and synaptogenesis1-3. Microglia, the tissue resident macrophages of the brain, are observed as early as the fourth week of gestation4 and are thought to engage in a variety of processes essential for brain development and homeostasis5-11. Conversely, microglia phenotypes are highly regulated by the brain environment12-14. Mechanisms by which human brain development influences the maturation of microglia and microglia potential contribution to neurodevelopmental disorders remain poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of human fetal and postnatal microglia and corresponding cortical tissue to define age-specific brain environmental factors that may drive microglia phenotypes. Comparative analysis of open chromatin profiles using bulk and single-cell methods in conjunction with a new computational approach that integrates epigenomic and single-cell RNA-seq data allowed decoding of cellular heterogeneity with inference of subtype- and development stage-specific transcriptional regulators. Interrogation of in vivo and in vitro iPSC-derived microglia models provides evidence for roles of putative instructive signals and downstream gene regulatory networks which establish human-specific fetal and postnatal microglia gene expression programs and potentially contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coufal, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challacombe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fixsen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trescott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warden, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anavim, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Haim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonda, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene regulatory networks underlying human microglia maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gain-of-function cardiomyopathic mutations in RBM20 rewire splicing regulation and re-distribute ribonucleoprotein aggregates within processing bodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) is a key regulator of alternative splicing in the heart, and its mutation leads to malignant dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). To understand the mechanism of RBM20-associated DCM, we engineered isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with heterozygous or homozygous DCM-associated missense mutations in RBM20 (R636S) as well as RBM20 knockout (KO) iPSCs. iPSC-derived engineered heart tissues made from these cell lines recapitulated contractile dysfunction of RBM20-associated DCM and revealed greater dysfunction with missense mutations than KO. Analysis of RBM20 RNA binding by eCLIP revealed a gain-of-function preference of mutant RBM20 for 3' UTR sequences that are shared with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and processing-body associated RNA binding proteins (FUS, DDX6). Deep RNA sequencing revealed that the RBM20 R636S mutant has unique gene, splicing, polyadenylation and circular RNA defects that differ from RBM20 KO, impacting distinct cardiac signaling pathways. Splicing defects specific to KO or R636S mutations were supported by data from R636S gene-edited pig hearts and eCLIP. Super-resolution microscopy verified that mutant RBM20 maintains limited nuclear localization potential; rather, the mutant protein associates with cytoplasmic processing bodies (DDX6) under basal conditions, and with stress granules (G3BP1) following acute stress. Taken together, our results highlight a novel pathogenic mechanism in cardiac disease through splicing-dependent and -independent pathways that are likely to mediate differential contractile phenotypes and stress-associated heart pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fenix, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyaoka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spindler, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K. K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Bermejo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lizarraga, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>So, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sniadecki, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murry, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomonis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gain-of-function cardiomyopathic mutations in RBM20 rewire splicing regulation and re-distribute ribonucleoprotein aggregates within processing bodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.446984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially heterogeneous microstructural development within subcortical regions from 9-13 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.446984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During late childhood behavioral changes, such as increased risk-taking and emotional reactivity, have been associated with the maturation of cortico-subcortical circuits. Understanding microstructural changes in subcortical regions may aid our understanding of how individual differences in these behaviors emerge. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is a framework for modelling diffusion-weighted imaging that decomposes the diffusion signal from a voxel into hindered and restricted compartments. This yields greater specificity than conventional methods of characterizing intracellular diffusion. Using RSI, we modelled voxelwise restricted isotropic, N0, and anisotropic, ND, diffusion across the brain and measured cross-sectional and longitudinal age associations in a large sample (n=8,039) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study aged 9-13 years. Older participants had higher N0 and ND across subcortical regions. The largest associations for N0 were within the basal ganglia and for ND within the ventral diencephalon. Importantly, age associations varied with respect to the internal cytoarchitecture within subcortical structures, for example age associations differed across thalamic nuclei. This suggests that developmental effects may map onto specific cell populations or circuits and highlights the utility of voxelwise compared to ROI-wise analyses. Future analyses will aim to understand the relevance of this subcortical microstructural developmental for behavioral outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedelec, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.446984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially heterogeneous microstructural development within subcortical regions from 9-13 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.447102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microstructural development across white matter from 9-13 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.447102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During late childhood behavioral changes, such as increased risk-taking and emotional reactivity, have been associated with the maturation of cortico-cortico and cortico-subcortical circuits. Understanding microstructural changes in both white matter and subcortical regions may aid our understanding of how individual differences in these behaviors emerge. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is a framework for modelling diffusion-weighted imaging that decomposes the diffusion signal from a voxel into hindered, restricted, and free compartments. This yields greater specificity than conventional methods of characterizing diffusion. Using RSI, we quantified voxelwise restricted diffusion across the brain and measured age associations in a large sample (n=8,086) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study aged 9-14 years. Older participants showed a higher restricted signal fraction across the brain, with the largest associations in subcortical regions, particularly the basal ganglia and ventral diencephalon. Importantly, age associations varied with respect to the cytoarchitecture within white matter fiber tracts and subcortical structures, for example age associations differed across thalamic nuclei. This suggests that age-related changes may map onto specific cell populations or circuits and highlights the utility of voxelwise compared to ROI-wise analyses. Future analyses will aim to understand the relevance of this microstructural developmental for behavioral outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedelec, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.447102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microstructural development across white matter from 9-13 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.05.447220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral effects of ethanol in the Red Swamp Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.05.447220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alcohol abuse and dependence remains one of the primary preventable sources of human mortality in the United States. Model laboratory species can be used to evaluate behavioral, neuropharmacological and other biological changes associated with alcohol exposure and to identify novel treatment modalities. This report describes methods for evaluating the behavioral effects of ethyl alcohol (ethanol; EtOH) in a crayfish model. Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were immersed in ethanol baths with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 molar, and for durations of 10-30 minutes. Studies evaluated hemolymph alcohol concentration, locomotor behavior in an open field and anxiety-like behavior using a Light/Dark transfer approach. EtOH immersion produced dose dependent increases in hemolymph EtOH concentration (up to 249 mg/dL) and reductions in open field locomotor behavior that depended on EtOH concentration or exposure duration. Under baseline conditions, crayfish exhibit avoidance of the open parts of the locomotor arena and a preference for the covered portion, when available. Acute EtOH immersion decreased time spent in the covered portion of the Light/Dark arena, consistent with a decrease in anxiety-like behavior. EtOH immersion once per day for 5 days did not alter the acute locomotor behavioral response, however increased activity was observed 3 days after the repeated EtOH regimen. Overall, this study shows that this inexpensive, easily maintained species can be used for behavioral pharmacological experiments designed to assess the acute and repeated effects of EtOH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.05.447220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral effects of ethanol in the Red Swamp Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating the absolute number of axons connecting different cortical areas in humans with diffusion MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tracts between cortical areas are conceived as playing a central role in cortical information processing, but their actual numbers have never been determined in humans. Here we estimate the absolute number of axons linking cortical areas from a whole-cortex diffusion-MRI (dMRI) connectome, calibrated using the histologically-measured callosal fiber density. Median connectivity is estimated as ~6200 axons between cortical areas within-hemisphere and ~1300 axons inter-hemispherically, with axons connecting functionally-related areas surprisingly sparse. For example, we estimate that <5% of the axons in the trunk of the arcuate and superior longitudinal fasciculi connect Wernickes and Brocas areas. These results suggest that detailed information is transmitted between cortical areas either via linkage of the dense local connections or via rare, extraordinarily privileged long-range connections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.07.447453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating the absolute number of axons connecting different cortical areas in humans with diffusion MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain charts for the human lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here, we built an interactive resource to benchmark brain morphology, www.brainchart.io, derived from any current or future sample of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans from 101,457 participants aged from 115 days post-conception through 100 postnatal years, across more than 100 primary research studies. Cerebrum tissue volumes and other global or regional MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3; showed high stability of individual centile scores over longitudinal assessments; and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared to non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardised measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In sum, brain charts are an essential first step towards robust quantification of individual deviations from normative trajectories in multiple, commonly-used neuroimaging phenotypes. Our collaborative study proves the principle that brain charts are achievable on a global scale over the entire lifespan, and applicable to analysis of diverse developmental and clinical effects on human brain structure. Furthermore, we provide open resources to support future advances towards adoption of brain charts as standards for quantitative benchmarking of typical or atypical brain MRI scans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bethlehem, R. A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidlitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexopoulos, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anagnostou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Areces-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astle, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auyeung, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron-Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beare, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedford, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benegal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin Bae, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blesa Cabez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boardman, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borzage, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch-Bayard, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chertavian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chetelat, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cropley, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosbie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delarue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrivieres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.08.447489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain charts for the human lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic multi-omics cell line profiling uncovers principles of Ewing sarcoma fusion oncogene-mediated gene regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell lines have been essential for major discoveries in cancer including Ewing sarcoma (EwS). EwS is a highly aggressive pediatric bone or soft-tissue cancer characterized by oncogenic EWSR1-ETS fusion transcription factors converting polymorphic GGAA-microsatellites (mSats) into neo-enhancers. However, further detailed mechanistic evaluation of gene regulation in EwS have been hindered by the limited number of well-characterized cell line models. Here, we present the Ewing Sarcoma Cell Line Atlas (ESCLA) comprising 18 EwS cell lines with inducible EWSR1-ETS knockdown that were profiled by whole-genome-sequencing, DNA methylation arrays, gene expression and splicing arrays, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, and ChIP-seq for EWSR1-ETS and histone marks. Systematic analysis of these multi-dimensional data illuminated hundreds of new potential EWSR1-ETS target genes, the nature of EWSR1-ETS-preferred GGAA-mSats, and potential indirect modes of EWSR1-ETS-mediated gene regulation. Moreover, we identified putative co-regulatory transcription factors and heterogeneously regulated EWSR1-ETS target genes that may have implications for the clinical heterogeneity of EwS. Collectively, our freely available ESCLA constitutes an extremely rich resource for EwS research and highlights the power of leveraging multidimensional and comprehensive datasets to unravel principles of heterogeneous gene regulation by dominant fusion oncogenes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orth, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surdez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossetete, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerke, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaidi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baulande, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cidre-Aranaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohmura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauck, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reischl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfister, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delattre, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunewald, T. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.08.447518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic multi-omics cell line profiling uncovers principles of Ewing sarcoma fusion oncogene-mediated gene regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the functions of uncharacterized transcription factors in Escherichia coli using ChIP-exo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria regulate gene expression to adapt to changing environments through transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs). Although extensively studied, no TRN is fully characterized since the identity and activity of all the transcriptional regulators that comprise a TRN are not known. Here, we experimentally evaluate 40 uncharacterized proteins in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, which were computationally predicted to be transcription factors (TFs). First, we used a multiplexed ChIP-exo assay to characterize genome-wide binding sites for these candidate TFs; 34 of them were found to be DNA-binding protein. We then compared the relative location between binding sites and RNA polymerase (RNAP). We found 48% (283/588) overlap between the TFs and RNAP. Finally, we used these data to infer potential functions for 10 of the 34 TFs with validated DNA binding sites and consensus binding motifs. These TFs were found to have various roles in regulating primary cellular processes in E. coli. Taken together, this study: (1) significantly expands the number of confirmed TFs, close to the estimated total of about 280 TFs; (2) predicts the putative functions of the newly discovered TFs, and (3) confirms the functions of representative TFs through mutant phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verkler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodionova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.10.447994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the functions of uncharacterized transcription factors in Escherichia coli using ChIP-exo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles of ecDNA random inheritance drive rapid genome change and therapy resistance in human cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The foundational principles of Darwinian evolution are variation, selection, and identity by descent. Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a common event, driving aggressive tumour growth, drug resistance, and shorter survival in patients1-4. Currently, the impact of non-chromosomal oncogene inheritance--random identity by descent--is not well understood. Neither is the impact of ecDNA on variation and selection. Here, integrating mathematical modeling, unbiased image analysis, CRISPR-based ecDNA tagging, and live-cell imaging, we identify a set of basic "rules" for how random ecDNA inheritance drives oncogene copy number and distribution, resulting in extensive intratumoural ecDNA copy number heterogeneity and rapid adaptation to metabolic stress and targeted cancer treatment. Observed ecDNAs obligatorily benefit host cell survival or growth and can change within a single cell cycle. In studies ranging from well-curated, patient-derived cancer cell cultures to clinical tumour samples from patients with glioblastoma and neuroblastoma treated with oncogene-targeted drugs, we show how these ecDNA inheritance "rules" can predict, a priori, some of the aggressive features of ecDNA-containing cancers. These properties are entailed by their ability to rapidly change their genomes in a way that is not possible for cancers driven by chromosomal oncogene amplification. These results shed new light on how the non-chromosomal random inheritance pattern of ecDNA underlies poor outcomes for cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichugin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erb, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henssen, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.447968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles of ecDNA random inheritance drive rapid genome change and therapy resistance in human cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Basis for Cytoplasmic Dynein-1 Regulation by Lis1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.448119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lissencephaly 1 gene, LIS1, is mutated in patients with the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly. The Lis1 protein is conserved from fungi to mammals and is a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein-1, the major minus-end-directed microtubule motor in many eukaryotes. Lis1 is the only dynein regulator that binds directly to dyneins motor domain, and by doing so alters dyneins mechanochemistry. Lis1 is required for the formation of fully active dynein complexes, which also contain essential cofactors: dynactin and an activating adaptor. Here, we report the first high-resolution structure of the yeast dynein-Lis1 complex. Our 3.1[A] structure reveals, in molecular detail, the major contacts between dynein and Lis1 and between Lis1s {beta}-propellers. Structure-guided mutations in Lis1 and dynein show that these contacts are required for Lis1s ability to form fully active human dynein complexes and to regulate yeast dyneins mechanochemistry and in vivo function. We present a model for the conserved role of Lis1 in regulating dynein from yeast to humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillies, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karasmanis, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Htet, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.448119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Basis for Cytoplasmic Dynein-1 Regulation by Lis1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Derlin rhomboid pseudoproteases employ substrate engagement and lipid distortion function for retrotranslocation of ER multi-spanning membrane substrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearly one-third of proteins are initially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane where they are correctly folded, assembled, and then delivered to their final cellular destinations. In order to prevent the accumulation of misfolded membrane proteins, ER associated degradation (ERAD) moves these clients from the ER membrane to the cytosol; a process known as retrotranslocation. Our recent work in S. cerevisiae has revealed a derlin rhomboid pseudoprotease, Dfm1, is involved in the retrotranslocation of ubiquitinated ERAD membrane substrates. In this study, we sought to understand the mechanism associated with Dfm1s actions and found that Dfm1s conserved rhomboid residues are critical for membrane protein retrotranslocation. Specifically, we identified several retrotranslocation-deficient Loop 1 mutants that display impaired binding to membrane substrates. Furthermore, Dfm1 has retained the lipid thinning functions of its rhomboid protease predecessors to facilitate in the removal of ER membrane substrates. We find this substrate engagement and lipid thinning feature is conserved in its human homolog, Derlin-1. Utilizing interaction studies and molecular dynamics simulations, this work reveals that derlin rhomboid pseudoproteases employ novel mechanisms of substrate engagement and lipid thinning for catalyzing extraction of multi-spanning membrane substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nejatfard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wauer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaduri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gourkanti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandel, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.15.448428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Derlin rhomboid pseudoproteases employ substrate engagement and lipid distortion function for retrotranslocation of ER multi-spanning membrane substrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The predicted bZIP transcription factor ZIP-1 promotes resistance to intracellular infection in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defense against intracellular infection has been extensively studied in vertebrate hosts, but less is known about invertebrate hosts. For example, almost nothing is known about the transcription factors that induce defense against intracellular intestinal infection in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Two types of intracellular pathogens that naturally infect the C. elegans intestine are the Orsay virus, which is a positive-sense RNA virus, and microsporidia, which are fungal pathogens. Surprisingly, these molecularly distinct pathogens induce a common host transcriptional response called the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR). Here we describe zip-1 as an IPR regulator that functions downstream of all known IPR activating and regulatory pathways. zip-1 encodes a putative bZIP transcription factor of previously unknown function, and we show how zip-1 controls induction of a subset of genes upon IPR activation. ZIP-1 protein is expressed in the nuclei of intestinal cells, and is required in the intestine to upregulate IPR gene expression. Importantly, zip-1 promotes resistance to infection by the Orsay virus and by microsporidia in intestinal cells. Altogether, our results indicate that zip-1 represents a central hub for all triggers of the IPR, and that this transcription factor plays a protective role against intracellular pathogen infection in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gang, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhabha, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The predicted bZIP transcription factor ZIP-1 promotes resistance to intracellular infection in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.19.448747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stem Cell Microarrays for Assessing Growth Factor Signaling in Engineered Glycan Microenvironments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.19.448747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular glycans, such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), provide an essential regulatory component during the development and maintenance of tissues. GAGs, which harbor binding sites for a range of growth factors and other morphogens, help establish gradients of these molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote the formation of active signaling complexes when presented at the cell surface. As such, GAGs have been pursued as biologically active components for the development of biomaterials for cell-based regenerative therapies. However, their structural complexity and compositional heterogeneity make establishing structure-function relationships for this class of glycans difficult. Here, we describe a stem cell array platform, in which GAG polysaccharides are conjugated to adhesion proteins and introduced into a polyacrylamide hydrogel network to directly measure their contributions to the activation of growth factor signaling pathways in cells. With the recent emergence of powerful synthetic and recombinant technologies to produce well-defined GAG structures, a platform for analyzing both growth factor binding and signaling in response to the presence of these biomolecules will provide a powerful tool for integrating glycans into biomaterials to advance their biological properties and applications.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=170 SRC="FIGDIR/small/448747v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (47K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@42584forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b3defcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f4796borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14f6e23_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG The present study describes the integration of glycosaminoglycan-protein conjugates into a hydrogel-supported stem cell microarray platform to analyze the activity of extracellular glycans in growth factor signaling. Such platforms can enable rapid development and optimization of functional glycomaterials for stem cell-based regenerative therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michalak, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trieger, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trieger, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.19.448747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stem Cell Microarrays for Assessing Growth Factor Signaling in Engineered Glycan Microenvironments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.19.449108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of VGLUT1 in cholinergic medial habenula projections increases nicotine self-administration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.19.449108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholinergic projections from the medial habenula (MHb) to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) have been studied for their complex contributions to nicotine addiction and have been implicated in nicotine reinforcement, aversion, and withdrawal. While it has been established that MHb cholinergic projections co-release glutamate, no direct evidence has demonstrated a role for this specific glutamate projection in nicotine consumption. In the present study, a novel floxed Slc17a7 (VGLUT1) mouse was generated and used to create conditional knockout (cKO) mice that lack VGLUT1 in MHb cholinergic neurons. Histochemical approaches and optogenetics-assisted electrophysiology were used to validate the disruption of VGLUT1 from cholinergic MHb to IPN projections. The mice displayed no gross phenotypic abnormalities and exhibited normal exploratory and locomotor behavior in the open-field assay. However, the loss of VGLUT1-mediated glutamate co-release led to increased nicotine self-administration. These findings indicate that glutamate co-release from ventral MHb cholinergic neurons opposes nicotine consumption and provide additional support for targeting this synapse to develop potential treatments to nicotine addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Souter, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lallai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisden, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.19.449108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of VGLUT1 in cholinergic medial habenula projections increases nicotine self-administration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring cell surface-nanopillar interactions with 3D super-resolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma membrane topography has been shown to strongly influence the behavior of many cellular processes such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis, actin rearrangements, and others. Recent studies have used 3D nanostructures such as nanopillars to imprint well-defined membrane curvatures (the "nano-bio interface"). In these studies, proteins and their interactions were probed by 2D fluorescence microscopy. However, the low resolution and limited axial detail of such methods are not optimal to determine the relative spatial position and distribution of proteins along a 100 nm-diameter object, which is below the optical diffraction limit. Here, we introduce a general method to explore the nanoscale distribution of proteins at the nano-bio interface with 10-20 nm precision using 3D single-molecule super-resolution (SR) localization microscopy. This is achieved by combining a silicone oil immersion objective and 3D double-helix point-spread function microscopy. We carefully optimize the objective to minimize spherical aberrations between quartz nanopillars and the cell. To validate the 3D SR method, we imaged the 3D shape of surface-labeled nanopillars and compared the results with electron microscopy measurements. Turning to transmembrane-anchored labels in cells, the high quality 3D SR reconstructions reveal the membrane tightly wrapping around the nanopillars. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic protein AP-2 involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis accumulates along the nanopillar above a specific threshold of 1/R membrane curvature. Finally, we observe that AP-2 and actin preferentially accumulate at positive Gaussian curvature near the pillar caps. Our results establish a general method to investigate the nanoscale distribution of proteins at the nano-bio interface using 3D SR microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moerner, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.21.449280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring cell surface-nanopillar interactions with 3D super-resolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The noncoding RNA PRANCR regulates splicing of Fibronectin-1 to control keratinocyte proliferation and migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human genes undergo alternative splicing (AS), but the regulation and functional consequences of most splicing events remain unknown. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been discovered to have novel roles in the regulation of AS. Here we investigate whether PRANCR, a lncRNA recently identified to be essential for epidermis formation, functions by controlling AS of cell fate genes. Using transcriptome-wide analysis, we identified 238 exonic splicing events regulated by PRANCR. Among these is alternative splicing of an exon containing the extra domain A (EDA) in the gene fibronectin-1 (FN1). Expression of the FN1-EDA+ isoform is enriched in proliferating keratinocytes. We find that PRANCR regulates EDA inclusion by controlling expression of the serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) 1 and 7. Depletion of PRANCR or FN1-EDA resulted in decreased proliferation, increased CDKN1A/p21, and inhibition of keratinocyte migration. We find that these cellular phenotypes can be explained by reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Collectively, these results identify a lncRNA regulating skin function through alternative splicing of a cell fate gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otten, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarbayar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The noncoding RNA PRANCR regulates splicing of Fibronectin-1 to control keratinocyte proliferation and migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leveraging Allele-Specific Expression for Therapeutic Response Gene Discovery in Glioblastoma. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis and universal tumor recurrence. Effective glioblastoma treatments are lacking, in part due to somatic mutations and epigenetic reprogramming that alter gene expression and confer drug resistance. Here, we interrogated allele-specific expression (ASE) in 43 patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) to identify recurrently dysregulated genes in glioblastoma. We identified 118 genes with recurrent ASE preferentially found in GSCs compared to normal tissues. These genes were enriched for apoptotic regulators, including Schlafen Family Member 11 (SLFN11). Loss of SLFN11 gene expression was associated with aberrant promoter methylation and conferred resistance to chemotherapy and poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibition. Conversely, low SLFN11 expression rendered GSCs susceptible to the oncolytic flavivirus Zika, which suggests a potential alternative treatment strategy for chemotherapy resistant GBMs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prager, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimple, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leveraging Allele-Specific Expression for Therapeutic Response Gene Discovery in Glioblastoma.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice are not automatons; subjective experience in premotor circuits guides behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subjective experience is a powerful driver of decision-making and continuously accrues. However, most neurobiological studies constrain analyses to task-related variables and ignore how continuously and individually experienced internal, temporal, and contextual factors influence adaptive behavior during decision-making and the associated neural mechanisms. We show mice rely on learned information about recent and longer-term subjective experience of variables above and beyond prior actions and reward, including checking behavior and the passage of time, to guide self-initiated, self-paced, and self-generated actions. These experiential variables were represented in secondary motor cortex (M2) activity and its projections into dorsal medial striatum (DMS). M2 integrated this information to bias strategy-level decision-making, and DMS projections used specific aspects of this recent experience to plan upcoming actions. This suggests diverse aspects of experience drive decision-making and its neural representation, and shows premotor corticostriatal circuits are crucial for using selective aspects of experiential information to guide adaptive behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gremel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.449617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice are not automatons; subjective experience in premotor circuits guides behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multivariate genome-wide association studies on the tissue compartments of human brain identify novel loci underpinning brain development and neuropsychiatric outcomes. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular determinants of tissue composition of the human brain remain largely unknown. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on this topic have had limited success due to methodological constraints. Here, we apply advanced whole-brain analyses on multi-shell diffusion imaging data and multivariate GWAS to two large scale imaging genetic datasets (UK Biobank and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study) to identify and validate genetic association signals. We discovered 503 unique genetic loci that have impact on multiple regions of human brain. Among them, more than 79% were validated in either of two large-scale independent imaging datasets. Key molecular pathways involved in axonal growth, astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation, and synaptogenesis during development were found to significantly impact the measured variations in tissue-specific imaging features. Our results shed new light on the biological determinants of brain tissue composition and their potential overlap with the genetic basis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pechva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multivariate genome-wide association studies on the tissue compartments of human brain identify novel loci underpinning brain development and neuropsychiatric outcomes.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein Kinase C gamma Mutations Drive Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14 by Impairing Autoinhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by germline variants in the diacylglycerol (DG)/Ca2+-regulated protein kinase C gamma (PKC{gamma}), leading to Purkinje cell degeneration and progressive cerebellar dysfunction. The majority of the approximately 50 identified variants cluster to the DG-sensing C1 domains. Here, we use a FRET- based activity reporter to show that ataxia-associated PKC{gamma} mutations enhance basal activity by compromising autoinhibition. Although impaired autoinhibition generally leads to PKC degradation, the C1 domain mutations protect PKC{gamma} from phorbol ester-induced downregulation. Furthermore, it is the degree of disrupted autoinhibition, not changes in the amplitude of agonist- stimulated activity, that correlate with disease severity. This enhanced basal signaling rewires the brain phosphoproteome, as assessed by phosphoproteomic analysis of cerebella from mice expressing a human PKC{gamma} transgene harboring a SCA14 C1 domain mutation, H101Y. Validating that the pathology arises from disrupted autoinhibition, we show that the degree of impaired autoinhibition correlates inversely with age of disease onset in patients: mutations that cause high basal activity are associated with early onset, whereas those that only modestly increase basal activity, including a previously undescribed variant, D115Y, are associated with later onset. Molecular modeling indicates that almost all SCA14 variants that are not in the C1 domains are at interfaces with the C1B domain, and bioinformatics analysis reveals that variants in the C1B domain are under-represented in cancer. Thus, clustering of SCA14 variants to the C1B domain provides a unique mechanism to enhance PKC{gamma} basal activity while protecting the enzyme from downregulation, deregulating the cerebellar phosphoproteome.

One Sentence SummarySCA14 driver mutations in PKC{gamma} impair autoinhibition, with defect correlating inversely with age of disease onset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pilo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornev, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baffi, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunkel, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kannan, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorrie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein Kinase C gamma Mutations Drive Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14 by Impairing Autoinhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoinactivation of Catalase Sensitizes Wide-Ranging Bacteria to ROS-Producing Agents and Immune Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria have evolved to cope with the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using their essential molecular components. Catalase, a heme-containing tetramer protein expressed universally in most of the aerobic bacteria, plays an indispensable role in scavenging excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here, through utilization of wild-type and catalase-deficient mutants, we identified catalase as an endogenous therapeutic target of 400-420 nm blue light. Catalase residing in bacteria could be effectively inactivated by blue light, subsequently rendering the pathogens extremely vulnerable to H2O2 and H2O2-producing agents. As a result, photoinactivation of catalase and H2O2 synergistically eliminate a wide range of catalase-positive planktonic bacteria and P. aeruginosa inside biofilms. In addition, photoinactivation of catalase is shown to facilitate macrophages to defend against intracellular pathogens. The antimicrobial efficacy of catalase photoinactivation is further validated using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced mice abrasion model. Taken together, our findings offer a catalase-targeting phototherapy against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jusuf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoinactivation of Catalase Sensitizes Wide-Ranging Bacteria to ROS-Producing Agents and Immune Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.450262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Actin force generation in vesicle formation: mechanistic insights from cryo-electron tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.450262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin assembly provides force for a multitude of cellular processes. Compared to actin assembly- based force production during cell migration, relatively little is understood about how actin assembly generates pulling forces for vesicle formation. Here, cryo-electron tomography revealed actin filament number, organization, and orientation during clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human cells, showing that force generation is robust despite variance in network organization. Actin dynamics simulations incorporating a measured branch angle indicate that sufficient force to drive membrane internalization is generated through polymerization, and that assembly is triggered from [~]4 founding "mother" filaments, consistent with tomography data. Hip1R actin filament anchoring points are present along the entire endocytic invagination, where simulations show that it is key to pulling force generation, and along the neck, where it targets filament growth and makes internalization more robust. Actin cytoskeleton organization described here allowed direct translation of structure to mechanism with broad implications for other actin-driven processes.

Highlights- Filament anchorage points are key to pulling force generation and efficiency.
- Native state description of CME-associated actin force-producing networks.
- Branched actin filament assembly is triggered from multiple mother filaments.
- Actin force production is robust despite considerable network variability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serwas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akamatsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moayed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vegesna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drubin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.28.450262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Actin force generation in vesicle formation: mechanistic insights from cryo-electron tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.30.450555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comprehensive Overview of the Physical Health of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) Cohort at Baseline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.30.450555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical health in childhood is crucial for neurobiological as well as overall development, and can shape long-term outcomes into adulthood. The landmark, longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudySM (ABCD study(R)), was designed to investigate brain development and health in almost 12,000 youth who were recruited when they were 9-10 years old and will be followed through adolescence and early adulthood. The overall goal of this paper is to provide descriptive analyses of physical health measures in the ABCD study at baseline, including but not limited to sleep, physical activity and sports involvement, and body mass index, and how these measures vary across demographic groups. This paper outlines how the physical health of the ABCD sample corresponds with that of the US population and highlights important avenues for health disparity research. This manuscript will provide important information for ABCD users and help guide analyses investigating physical health as it pertains to adolescent and young adult development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adise, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowling, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisdahl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neigh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renshaw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uban, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurgelun-Todd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.30.450555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comprehensive Overview of the Physical Health of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD) Cohort at Baseline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.30.450639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal balancing of clinical factors in large scale clinical RNA-Seq studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.30.450639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omics technologies are ubiquitous in biomedical research. However, improper sample selection is an often-overlooked complication with large omics studies, resulting in confounding effects that can disrupt the internal validity of a study and lead to false conclusions. Here, we present a method called BalanceIT, which uses a genetic algorithm to identify an optimal set of samples with balanced clinical factors for large-scale omics experiments. We apply our approach to two large RNA-Seq studies in autism (1) to find a post-hoc balanced sample set among an imbalanced study, and (2) to design an optimal study that allows for efficient batch correction. Our approach leads to near-perfect estimates of differential gene expression, superior performance of pathway-level enrichment analysis, and consistent network dysregulation patterns of autism symptom severity. These results provide empirical support for the importance of balanced experimental design, and BalanceIT will be invaluable for large-scale study design and batch effect correction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>CHIANG, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazestani, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altieri, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.30.450639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal balancing of clinical factors in large scale clinical RNA-Seq studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning of all Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv RNA-seq data reveals complex interplay between metabolism, stress response, and infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most consequential human bacterial pathogens, posing a serious challenge to 21st century medicine. A key feature of its pathogenicity is its ability to adapt its transcriptional response to environmental stresses through its transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). While many studies have sought to characterize specific portions of the M. tuberculosis TRN, a systems level characterization and analysis of interactions among the controlling transcription factors remains to be achieved. Here, we applied an unsupervised machine learning method to modularize the M. tuberculosis transcriptome and describe the role of transcription factors (TFs) in the TRN. By applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to over 650 transcriptomic samples, we obtained 80 independently modulated gene sets known as "iModulons," many of which correspond to known regulons. These iModulons explain 61% of the variance in the organisms transcriptional response. We show that iModulons: 1) reveal the function of previously unknown regulons, 2) describe the transcriptional shifts that occur during environmental changes such as shifting carbon sources, oxidative stress, and virulence events, and 3) identify intrinsic clusters of transcriptional regulons that link several important metabolic systems, including lipid, cholesterol, and sulfur metabolism. This transcriptome-wide analysis of the M. tuberculosis TRN informs future research on effective ways to study and manipulate its transcriptional regulation, and presents a knowledge-enhanced database of all published high-quality RNA-seq data for this organism to date.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-bulushi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.450045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning of all Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37Rv RNA-seq data reveals complex interplay between metabolism, stress response, and infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effect of a Fennel Extract on the STAT Signaling and Intestinal Barrier Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFoeniculum vulgare, F. vulgare, commonly known as fennel, is believed to be one of the worlds oldest medicinal herbs and has been exploited by people for centuries as a nutritional aid for digestive disorders. In many southeast Asian countries it is ingested as an after-meal snack, mukhvas, due to its breath-freshening and digestive aid properties. F. vulgare is used in some countries, such as Iran, as a complementary and alternative treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

MethodsThis study investigated the effects of F. vulgare on the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway, which is active in inflammatory bowel disease.

To study the protective effects of F. vulgare extract in vitro, monolayers derived from the T84 colonic cell line were challenged with interferon-gamma (IFN-{gamma}) and monitored with and without F. vulgare extract. To complement our in vitro studies, the dextran sodium sulfate induced murine colitis model was employed to ascertain whether the protective effect of F. vulgare extract can be recapitulated in vivo.

ResultsF. vulgare extract was shown to exert a protective effect on TEER in both T84 and murine models and showed increases in tight junction-associated mRNA in T84 cell monolayers. Both models demonstrated significant decreases in phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1), indicating reduced activation of the STAT pathway. Additionally, mice treated with F. vulgare showed significantly lower ulcer indices than control mice.

ConclusionsWe conclude barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract is improved by F. vulgare, suggesting the potential utility of this agent as an alternative or adjunctive therapy in IBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabalais, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durali, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGeough, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchelletta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivagnanam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.450766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effect of a Fennel Extract on the STAT Signaling and Intestinal Barrier Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A PKA Inhibitor Motif within Smoothened Controls Hedgehog Signal Transduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Hedgehog (Hh) cascade is central to development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. A pivotal step in Hh signal transduction is the activation of GLI transcription factors by the atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Smoothened (SMO). How SMO activates GLI has remained unclear for decades. Here we show that SMO employs a decoy substrate sequence to physically block the active site of the PKA catalytic subunit (PKA-C) and extinguish its enzymatic activity. As a result, GLI is released from phosphorylation-induced inhibition. Using a combination of in vitro, cellular, and organismal models, we demonstrate that interfering with SMO / PKA pseudosubstrate interactions prevents Hh signal transduction. The mechanism we uncovered echoes one utilized by the Wnt cascade, revealing an unexpected similarity in how these two essential developmental and cancer pathways signal intracellularly. More broadly, our findings define a new mode of GPCR-PKA communication that may be harnessed by a range of membrane receptors and kinases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Happ, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arveseth, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruystens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertinetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivieri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedeen, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capener, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bröckel, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Perez, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veglia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herberg, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.451193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A PKA Inhibitor Motif within Smoothened Controls Hedgehog Signal Transduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To prepare for future coronavirus (CoV) pandemics, it is desirable to generate vaccines capable of eliciting neutralizing antibody responses against multiple CoVs. Because of the phylogenetic similarity to humans, rhesus macaques are an animal model of choice for many virus-challenge and vaccine-evaluation studies, including SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show that immunization of macaques with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein generates potent receptor binding domain cross- neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses to both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1, in contrast to human infection or vaccination where responses are typically SARS-CoV-2-specific. Furthermore, the macaque nAbs are equally effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Structural studies show that different immunodominant sites are targeted by the two primate species. Human antibodies generally target epitopes strongly overlapping the ACE2 receptor binding site (RBS), whereas the macaque antibodies recognize a relatively conserved region proximal to the RBS that represents another potential pan-SARS-related virus site rarely targeted by human antibodies. B cell repertoire differences between the two primates appear to significantly influence the vaccine response and suggest care in the use of rhesus macaques in evaluation of vaccines to SARS-related viruses intended for human use.

ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYBroadly neutralizing antibodies to an unappreciated site of conservation in the RBD in SARS- related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques because of distinct properties of the naive macaque B cell repertoire that suggest prudence in the use of the macaque model in SARS vaccine evaluation and design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, W.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musharrafieh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzanello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricketts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemazee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briney, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvine, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.451222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.449578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impairment of a cyanobacterial glycosyltransferase that modifies a pilin results in biofilm development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.449578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A biofilm inhibiting mechanism operates in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. Here, we demonstrate that the glycosyltransferase homolog, Ogt, participates in the inhibitory process - inactivation of ogt results in robust biofilm formation. Furthermore, a mutational approach shows requirement of the glycosyltransferase activity for biofilm inhibition. This enzyme is necessary for glycosylation of the pilus subunit and for adequate pilus formation. In contrast to wild-type culture in which most cells exhibit several pili, only 25% of the mutant cells are piliated, half of which possess a single pilus. In spite of this poor piliation, natural DNA competence was similar to that of wild-type, therefore, we propose that the unglycosylated pili facilitate DNA transformation. Additionally, conditioned medium from wild-type culture, which contains a biofilm inhibiting substance(s), only partially blocks biofilm development by the ogt-mutant. Thus, we suggest that inactivation of ogt affects multiple processes including production or secretion of the inhibitor as well as the ability to sense or respond to it.

Originality-Significance StatementThe molecular mechanisms that underlie biofilm development in cyanobacteria are just emerging. Using the cyanobacterium S. elongatus as a model, we demonstrate that glycosylation of the pilus subunit is crucial for the biofilm self-suppression mechanism, however, it is dispensable for DNA competence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sendersky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.449578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impairment of a cyanobacterial glycosyltransferase that modifies a pilin results in biofilm development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ca2+-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation underlies intracellular Ca2+ stores. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores are essential to myriad cellular processes, however, the structure of these stores is largely unknown and existing models do not address all literature observations. We investigate CASQ1 - the major Ca2+ binding protein of skeletal muscle - and discover Ca2+-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation activity. The intrinsic disorder of CASQ1 underlies this activity and is regulated via phosphorylation by the secretory pathway kinase FAM20C. This divalent cation driven condensation demonstrates liquid-liquid phase separation occurs within the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum, mechanistically explains efficient Ca2+ buffering and storage, and represents a largely unexplored mechanism of divalent-cation driven protein association.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worby, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tandon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ca2+-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation underlies intracellular Ca2+ stores.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early adaptation in a microbial community is dominated by mutualism-enhancing mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.07.451547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species interactions drive evolution while evolution shapes these interactions. The resulting eco-evolutionary dynamics, their outcomes and their repeatability depend on how adaptive mutations available to community members affect fitness and ecologically relevant traits. However, the diversity of adaptive mutations is not well characterized, and we do not know how this diversity is affected by the ecological milieu. Here we use barcode lineage tracking to address this gap in a competitive mutualism between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We find that yeast has access to many adaptive mutations with diverse ecological consequences, in particular, those that increase and reduce the yields of both species. The presence of the alga does not change which mutations are adaptive in yeast (i.e., there is no fitness trade-off for yeast between growing alone or with alga), but rather shifts selection to favor yeast mutants that increase the yields of both species and make the mutualism stronger. Thus, in the presence of the alga, adaptations contending for fixation in yeast are more likely to enhance the mutualism, even though cooperativity is not directly favored by natural selection in our system. Our results demonstrate that ecological interactions not only alter the trajectory of evolution but also dictate its repeatability; in particular, weak mutualisms can repeatably evolve to become stronger.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Venkataram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hom, E. F. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.07.451547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early adaptation in a microbial community is dominated by mutualism-enhancing mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome divergence of marine gastropod species separated by the Isthmus of Panama 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rise of the Isthmus of Panama ~3.5 mya separated populations of many marine organisms, which then diverged into new geminate sister species currently living in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. However, we know very little about how such evolutionary divergences of host species have shaped their microbiomes. Here, we compared the microbiomes of whole-body and shell-surface samples of geminate species of marine gastropods in the genera Cerithium and Cerithideopsis to those of congeneric outgroups. Our results show that the effects of the Isthmus on microbiome composition varied among host genera and between sample types within the same hosts. In the whole-body samples, microbiome compositions of geminate species pairs in the focal genera tended to be similar, likely due to host filtering, although the strength of this relationship varied among the two groups and across similarity metrics. Shell-surface communities showed contrasting patterns, with co-divergence between the host taxa and a small number of microbial clades evident in Cerithideopsis, but not Cerithium. These results suggest that (i) the rise of the Isthmus of Panama affected microbiomes of geminate hosts in a complex and clade-specific manner and (ii) host-associated microbial taxa respond differently to vicariance events than the hosts themselves.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neu, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torchin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome divergence of marine gastropod species separated by the Isthmus of Panama]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flexible utilization of spatial- and motor-based codes for the storage of visuo-spatial information 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory provides flexible storage of information in service of upcoming behavioral goals. Some models propose specific fixed loci and mechanisms for the storage of visual information in working memory, such as sustained spiking in parietal and prefrontal cortex during working memory maintenance. An alternative view is that information can be remembered in a flexible format that best suits current behavioral goals. For example, remembered visual information might be stored in sensory areas for easier comparison to future sensory inputs, or might be re-coded into a more abstract action-oriented format and stored in motor areas. Here, we tested this hypothesis using a visuo-spatial working memory task where the required behavioral response was either known or unknown during the memory delay period. Using fMRI and multivariate decoding, we found that there was less information about remembered spatial position in early visual and parietal regions when the required response was known versus unknown. Further, a representation of the planned motor action emerged in primary somatosensory, primary motor, and premotor cortex during the same task condition where spatial information was reduced in early visual cortex. These results suggest that the neural networks supporting working memory can be strategically reconfigured depending on specific behavioral requirements during a canonical visual working memory paradigm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rademaker, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flexible utilization of spatial- and motor-based codes for the storage of visuo-spatial information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycocalyx engineering with heparan sulfate mimetics attenuates Wnt activity during adipogenesis to promote glucose uptake and metabolism. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adipose tissue (AT) plays a crucial role in maintaining me tabolic homeostasis by storing lipids and glucose from circulation as intracellular fat. As peripheral tissues like AT become insulin resistant, decompensation of blood glucose levels occurs causing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Currently, glycocalyx modulating as a pharmacological treatment strategy to improve glucose homeostasis in T2D patients is underexplored. Here, we show a novel role for cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) in establishing glucose uptake capacity and metabolic utilization in differentiated adipocytes. Using a combination of chemical and genetic interventions, we identified that HS modulates this metabolic phenotype by attenuating levels of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. By engineering the glycocalyx of preadipocytes with exogenous synthetic HS mimetics, we were able to enhance glucose clearance capacity after differentiation through modulation of Wnt ligand availability. These findings establish the cellular glycocalyx as a possible new target for therapeutic intervention in T2D patients by enhancing glucose clearance capacity independent of insulin secretion.

SIGNIFICANCEMetabolic disorders associated with the Western-style diet, such as type 2 diabetes, are among the main drivers of mortality in the US and globally, with more than 380 million people currently affected by this disease worldwide. However, treatment options for type 2 diabetes are currently limited to management of caloric uptake and expenditure, with none able to reverse the condition long-term. The ability to reprogram adipose tissues to improve their overall capacity to clear glucose may provide one such opportunity. Here we provide evidence that glycocalyx remodeling in pre-adipocytes with heparan sulfate mimetics will alter their differentiation program by modulating Wnt signaling to produce adipocytes with increased glucose uptake and utilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trieger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessentheiner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeForest, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majithia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordts, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycocalyx engineering with heparan sulfate mimetics attenuates Wnt activity during adipogenesis to promote glucose uptake and metabolism.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unconventional tonicity-regulated nuclear trafficking of NFAT5 mediated by KPNB1, XPOT and RUVBL2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NFAT5 is the only known mammalian tonicity-responsive transcription factor functionally implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. NFAT5 activity is tightly regulated by extracellular tonicity but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We demonstrated that NFAT5 enters the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. We also found that NFAT5 utilizes a non-canonical nuclear localization signal (NFAT5-NLS) for nuclear imports. siRNA screening revealed that karyopherin {beta}1 (KPNB1) drives nuclear import of NFAT5 via directly interacting with NFAT5-NLS. Proteomics analysis and siRNA screening further revealed that nuclear export of NFAT5 under hypotonicity is mediated by Exportin-T, and that it requires RuvB-Like AAA type ATPase 2 (RUVBL2) as an indispensable chaperone. Our findings have identified KPNB1 and RUVBL2 as key molecules responsible for the unconventional tonicity-regulated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of NFAT5. These findings offer an opportunity for developing novel NFAT5 targeting strategies that are potentially useful for the treatment of diseases associated with NFAT5 dysregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheung, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, B. C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unconventional tonicity-regulated nuclear trafficking of NFAT5 mediated by KPNB1, XPOT and RUVBL2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An intestinally secreted host factor limits bacterial colonization but promotes microsporidia invasion of C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microsporidia are ubiquitous obligate intracellular pathogens of animals. These parasites often infect hosts through an oral route, but little is known about the function of host intestinal proteins that facilitate microsporidia invasion. To identify such factors necessary for infection by Nematocida parisii, a natural microsporidian pathogen of Caenorhabditis elegans, we performed a forward genetic screen to identify mutant animals that have a Fitness Advantage with Nematocida (Fawn). We isolated four fawn mutants that are resistant to Nematocida infection and contain mutations in T14E8.4, which we renamed aaim-1 (Antibacterial and Aids invasion by Microsporidia). Expression of AAIM-1 in the intestine of aaim-1 animals restores N. parisii infectivity and this rescue of infectivity is dependent upon AAIM-1 secretion. N. parisii spores in aaim-1 animals are improperly oriented in the intestinal lumen, leading to reduced levels of parasite invasion. Conversely, aaim-1 mutants display both increased colonization and susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and overexpression of AAIM-1 reduces P. aeruginosa colonization. Competitive fitness assays show that aaim-1 mutants are favoured in the presence of N. parisii but disadvantaged on P. aeruginosa compared to wild type animals. Together, this work demonstrates how microsporidia exploits a secreted protein to promote host invasion. Our results also suggest evolutionary trade-offs may exist to optimizing host defense against multiple classes of pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El Jarkass, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schertzberg, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinke, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.452088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An intestinally secreted host factor limits bacterial colonization but promotes microsporidia invasion of C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.452426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antipsychotic-induced epigenomic reorganization in frontal cortex samples from individuals with schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.452426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have revealed >270 loci associated with schizophrenia risk, yet these genetic factors do not seem to be sufficient to fully explain the molecular determinants behind this psychiatric condition. Epigenetic marks such as post-translational histone modifications remain largely plastic during development and adulthood, allowing a dynamic impact of environmental factors, including antipsychotic medications, on access to genes and regulatory elements. However, few studies so far have profiled cell-specific genome-wide histone modifications in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia subjects, or the effect of antipsychotic treatment on such epigenetic marks. Here we conducted ChIP-seq analyses focusing on histone marks indicative of active enhancers (H3K27ac) and active promoters (H3K4me3), alongside RNA-seq, using frontal cortex samples from antipsychotic-free (AF) and antipsychotic-treated (AT) individuals with schizophrenia, as well as individually matched controls (n = 58). Schizophrenia subjects exhibited thousands of neuronal and non-neuronal epigenetic differences at regions that included several susceptibility genetic loci, such as NRG1, DISC1, and DRD3. By analyzing the AF and AT cohorts separately, we identified schizophrenia-associated alterations in specific transcription factors, their regulatees, and epigenomic and transcriptomic features that were reversed by antipsychotic treatment; as well as those that represented a consequence of antipsychotic medication rather than a hallmark of schizophrenia in postmortem human brain samples. Notably, we also found that the effect of age on epigenomic landscapes was more pronounced in frontal cortex of AT-schizophrenics, as compared to AF-schizophrenics and controls. Together, these data provide important evidence of epigenetic alterations in the frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia, and remark for the first time the impact of age and antipsychotic treatment on chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ainsworth, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callado, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meana, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Maeso, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.14.452426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antipsychotic-induced epigenomic reorganization in frontal cortex samples from individuals with schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetric Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly facilitates clathrin-mediated endocytosis at stalled sites in genome-edited human stem cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin assembly facilitates vesicle formation in several trafficking pathways. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) shows elevated actin assembly dependence under high membrane tension. Why actin assembly at CME sites occurs heterogeneously even within the same cell, and how assembly forces are harnessed, are not fully understood. Here, endocytic dynamics, actin presence, and geometry of CME proteins from three different functional modules, were analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution microscopy, live-cell imaging, and machine-learning-based computation. When hundreds of CME events were compared, sites with actin assembly showed a distinct signature, a delay between completion of coat expansion and vesicle scission, indicating that actin assembly occurs preferentially at stalled CME sites. N-WASP is recruited to one side of CME sites where it is positioned to stimulate asymmetric actin assembly. We propose that asymmetric actin assembly rescues stalled CME sites by pulling vesicles into the cell much like a bottle opener pulls off a bottle cap.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirazinejad, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schöneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Upadhyayula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drubin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.16.452693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetric Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly facilitates clathrin-mediated endocytosis at stalled sites in genome-edited human stem cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of heat-inactivated and infectious SARS-CoV-2 across indoor surface materials shows comparable RT-qPCR viral signal intensity and persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.16.452756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental monitoring in public spaces can be used to identify surfaces contaminated by persons with COVID-19 and inform appropriate infection mitigation responses. Research groups have reported detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces days or weeks after the virus has been deposited, making it difficult to estimate when an infected individual may have shed virus onto a SARS-CoV-2 positive surface, which in turn complicates the process of establishing effective quarantine measures. In this study, we determined that reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of viral RNA from heat-inactivated particles experiences minimal decay over seven days of monitoring on eight out of nine surfaces tested. The properties of the studied surfaces result in RT-qPCR signatures that can be segregated into two material categories, rough and smooth, where smooth surfaces have a lower limit of detection. RT-qPCR signal intensity (average quantification cycle (Cq)) can be correlated to surface viral load using only one linear regression model per material category. The same experiment was performed with infectious viral particles on one surface from each category, with essentially identical results. The stability of RT-qPCR viral signal demonstrates the need to clean monitored surfaces after sampling to establish temporal resolution. Additionally, these findings can be used to minimize the number of materials and time points tested and allow for the use of heat-inactivated viral particles when optimizing environmental monitoring methods.

ImportanceEnvironmental monitoring is an important tool for public health surveillance, particularly in settings with low rates of diagnostic testing. Time between sampling public environments, such as hospitals or schools, and notifying stakeholders of the results should be minimal, allowing decisions to be made towards containing outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Safer At School Early Alert program (SASEA) [1], a large-scale environmental monitoring effort in elementary school and child care settings, has processed > 13,000 surface samples for SARS-CoV-2, detecting viral signals from 574 samples. However, consecutive detection events necessitated the present study to establish appropriate response practices around persistent viral signals on classroom surfaces. Other research groups and clinical labs developing environmental monitoring methods may need to establish their own correlation between RT - qPCR results and viral load, but this work provides evidence justifying simplified experimental designs, like reduced testing materials and the use of heat-inactivated viral particles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salido, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantu, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroughishafiei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nouri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lastrella, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plascencia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapadia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maunder, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoot, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crescini, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco Vargas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chacon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machnicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeHoff, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saever, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrander, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fielding-Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.16.452756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of heat-inactivated and infectious SARS-CoV-2 across indoor surface materials shows comparable RT-qPCR viral signal intensity and persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.18.452807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Artificial Intelligence-rationalized balanced PPARα/γ dual agonism resets the dysregulated macrophage processes in inflammatory bowel disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.18.452807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A computational platform, the Boolean network explorer (BoNE), has recently been developed to infuse AI-enhanced precision into drug discovery; it enables querying and navigating invariant Boolean Implication Networks of disease maps for prioritizing high-value targets. Here we used BoNE to query an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-map and prioritize a therapeutic strategy that involves dual agonism of two nuclear receptors, PPAR/{gamma}. Balanced agonism of PPAR/{gamma} was predicted to modulate macrophage processes, ameliorate colitis in network-prioritized animal models,  reset the gene expression network from disease to health, and achieve a favorable therapeutic index that tracked other FDA-approved targets. Predictions were validated using a balanced and potent PPAR/{gamma}-dual agonist (PAR5359) in two pre-clinical murine models, i.e., Citrobacter rodentium-induced infectious colitis and DSS-induced colitis. Using a combination of selective inhibitors and agonists, we show that balanced dual agonism promotes bacterial clearance more efficiently than individual agonists, both in vivo and in vitro. PPARa is required and its agonism is sufficient to induce the pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular ROS, which are essential for bacterial clearance and immunity, whereas PPARg-agonism blunts these responses, delays microbial clearance and induces the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10; balanced dual agonism achieved controlled inflammation while protecting the gut barrier and  reversal of the transcriptomic network. Furthermore, dual agonism reversed the defective bacterial clearance observed in PBMCs derived from IBD patients. These findings not only deliver a macrophage modulator for use as barrier-protective therapy in IBD, but also highlight the potential of BoNE to rationalize combination therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amandachar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidales, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toobian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usmani, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawires, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leriche, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandborn, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.18.452807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence-rationalized balanced PPARα/γ dual agonism resets the dysregulated macrophage processes in inflammatory bowel disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.452699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data-Driven Strain Design Using Aggregated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Mutational Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.452699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes are being engineered for an increasingly large and diverse set of applications. However, the designing of microbial genomes remains challenging due to the general complexity of biological system. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) leverages natures problem-solving processes to generate optimized genotypes currently inaccessible to rational methods. The large amount of public ALE data now represents a new opportunity for data-driven strain design. This study presents a novel and first of its kind meta-analysis workflow to derive data-driven strain designs from aggregate ALE mutational data using rich mutation annotations, statistical and structural biology methods. The mutational dataset consolidated and utilized in this study contained 63 Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 based ALE experiments, described by 93 unique environmental conditions, 357 independent evolutions, and 13,957 observed mutations. High-level trends across the entire dataset were established and revealed that ALE-derived strain designs will largely be gene-centric, as opposed to non-coding, and a relatively small number of variants (approx. 4) can significantly alter cellular states and provide benefits which range from an increase in fitness to a complete necessity for survival. Three novel experimentally validated designs relevant to metabolic engineering applications are presented as use cases for the workflow. Specifically, these designs increased growth rates with glycerol as a carbon source through a point mutation to glpK and a truncation to cyaA or increased tolerance to toxic levels of isobutyric acid through a pykF truncation. These results demonstrate how strain designs can be extracted from aggregated ALE data to enhance strain design efforts.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=131 SRC="FIGDIR/small/452699v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalldorf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.19.452699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data-Driven Strain Design Using Aggregated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Mutational Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Orally Available Cathepsin L Inhibitor Protects Lungs Against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Damage in African Green Monkeys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted from global infection by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and rapidly emerged as an urgent health issue requiring effective treatments. To initiate infection, the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 requires proteolytic processing mediated by host proteases. Among the host proteases proposed to carry out this activation is the cysteine protease cathepsin L. Inhibiting cathepsin L has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for treating COVID-19. SLV213 (K777) is an orally administered small molecule protease inhibitor that exhibits in vitro activity against a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. To confirm efficacy in vivo, K777 was evaluated in an African green monkey (AGM) model of COVID-19. A pilot experiment was designed to test K777 in a prophylactic setting, animals were pre-treated with 100mg/kg K777 (N=4) or vehicle (N=2) before inoculation with SARS-CoV-2. Initial data demonstrated that K777 treatment reduced pulmonary pathology compared to vehicle-treated animals. A second study was designed to test activity in a therapeutic setting, with K777 treatment (33 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) initiated 8 hours after exposure to the virus. In both experiments, animals received K777 daily via oral gavage for 7 days. Vehicle-treated animals exhibited higher lung weights, pleuritis, and diffuse alveolar damage. In contrast, lung pathology was reduced in K777-treated monkeys, and histopathological analyses confirmed the lack of diffuse alveolar damage. Antiviral effects were further demonstrated by quantitative reductions in viral load of samples collected from upper and lower airways. These preclinical data support the potential for early SLV213 treatment in COVID-19 patients to prevent severe lung pathology and disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frueh, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maneval, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohm, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dufour, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aye, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ROY, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell-Lodrigue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappaport, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.20.453127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Orally Available Cathepsin L Inhibitor Protects Lungs Against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Diffuse Alveolar Damage in African Green Monkeys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.452842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIV/Girdin binds BRCA1 and links trimeric G-proteins to DNA damage response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.452842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon sensing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), eukaryotic cells either die or repair DSBs via one of two competing pathways, i.e., non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). We show that cell fate after DNA damage hinges on the guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator of heterotrimeric G-protein, Gi*{beta}{gamma}, GIV/Girdin. GIV suppresses HR by binding and sequestering BRCA1, a key coordinator of multiple steps within the HR pathway, away from DSBs; it does so using a C-terminal motif that binds BRCA1s BRCT-modules via both phospho-dependent and -independent mechanisms. GIV promotes NHEJ, and binds and activates Gi and enhances the  free G{beta}{gamma}[-&gt;]PI-3-kinase[-&gt;]Akt pathway, thus revealing the enigmatic origin of prosurvival Akt signals during dsDNA repair. Absence of GIV, or the loss of either of its two functions impaired DNA repair, and induced cell death when challenged with numerous cytotoxic agents. That GIV selectively binds few other BRCT-containing proteins suggests convergent signaling such that heterotrimeric G-proteins may finetune sensing, repair, and outcome after DNA damage.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=190 SRC="FIGDIR/small/452842v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3d5202org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d32d89org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@152a85dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ab9953_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LINon-receptor G protein modulator, GIV/Girdin binds BRCA1
C_LIO_LIBinding occurs in both canonical and non-canonical modes
C_LIO_LIGIV sequesters BRCA1 away from dsDNA breaks, suppresses HR
C_LIO_LIActivation of Gi by GIV enhances Akt signals, favors NHEJ
C_LI

IN BRIEFIn this work, the authors show that heterotrimeric G protein signaling that is triggered by non-receptor GEF, GIV/Girdin, in response to double-stranded DNA breaks is critical for decisive signaling events which favor non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and inhibit homologous recombination (HR).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abd El-Hafeez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamarthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapakse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazra, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luker, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.452842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIV/Girdin binds BRCA1 and links trimeric G-proteins to DNA damage response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of cocaine addiction-like behavior in heterogeneous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Addiction is commonly characterized by escalation of drug intake, compulsive drug seeking, and continued use despite harmful consequences. However, the factors contributing to the transition from moderate drug use to these problematic patterns remain unclear, particularly regarding the role of sex. Many preclinical studies have been limited by small sample sizes, low genetic diversity, and restricted drug access, making it challenging to model significant levels of intoxication or dependence and translate findings to humans. To address these limitations, we characterized addiction-like behaviors in a large sample of >500 outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats using an extended cocaine self-administration paradigm (6 h/daily). We analyzed individual differences in escalation of intake, progressive-ratio (PR) responding, continued use despite adverse consequences (contingent foot shocks), and irritability-like behavior during withdrawal. Principal component analysis showed that escalation of intake, progressive ratio responding, and continued use despite adverse consequences loaded onto a single factor that was distinct from irritability-like behaviors. Categorizing rats into resilient, mild, moderate, and severe addiction-like phenotypes showed that females exhibited higher addiction-like behaviors, with a lower proportion of resilient individuals compared to males. These findings suggest that, in genetically diverse rats with extended drug access, escalation of intake, continued use despite adverse consequences, and PR responding are highly correlated measures of a shared underlying construct. Furthermore, our results highlight sex differences in resilience to addiction-like behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomhower, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conlisk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedighim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velarde, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kononoff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krook, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avelar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweitzer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.22.453410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of cocaine addiction-like behavior in heterogeneous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulatory features associated with Coccidioides immitis phase transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) is an emerging endemic fungal infection with a rising incidence and an expanding geographic range. It is caused by Coccidiodes, which are thermally dimorphic fungi that grow as mycelia in soil but transition in the lung to form pathogenic spherules. The regulatory mechanisms underlying this transition are not understood. Exploiting capped small (cs)RNA-seq, which identifies actively initiated stable and unstable transcripts and thereby detects acute changes in gene regulation with remarkable sensitivity, here we report the changes in architectural organization and key sequence features underlying phase transition of this highly pathogenic fungus. Spherule transition was accompanied by large-scale transcriptional reprogramming, functional changes in transcript isoforms, and a massive increase in promoter-distal transcription of ncRNAs. Analysis of spherule-activated regulatory elements revealed a motif predicted to recruit a WOPR family transcription factor, which are known regulators of virulence in other fungi. We identify CIMG_02671 as a C. immitis WOPR homologue and show that it activates transcription in a WOPR motif-dependent manner, suggesting it is an important regulator of pathogenic phase transition. Collectively, this also highlights csRNA-seq as a powerful means to identify transcriptional mechanisms that control pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duttke, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viriyakosol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkland, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stajich, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.22.453417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional regulatory features associated with Coccidioides immitis phase transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leptin protects against the development and expression of cocaine addiction-like behavior in heterogenous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to its pleasurable effects, weight control is a significant contributor to initiation, maintenance and relapse of cocaine use. This suggests that individual differences in bodyweight control and feeding hormones, such as leptin may contribute to the vulnerability to cocaine use disorder. While pre-clinical studies have shown a mutually inhibitory relationship between leptin and cocaine, they have used small sample sizes and did not investigate individual differences in a large heterogeneous population. Here, we tested if individual differences in bodyweight and blood leptin level is associated with high or low vulnerability to addiction-like behaviors using data from 500 heterogenous stock rats and 160 blood samples from the Cocaine Biobank, using a model of extended access to intravenous self-administration of cocaine. Finally, we tested a separate cohort to evaluate the causal effect of exogenous leptin administration on cocaine seeking. Bodyweight, while changing due to cocaine self-administration in males, was not related to the vulnerability to addiction-like behavior. Blood leptin levels after ~6 weeks of cocaine self-administration did not correlate with addiction-like behaviors, however, baseline blood leptin levels before any access to cocaine negatively predicted addiction-like behavior. Finally, administration of leptin reduced cocaine intake after acute withdrawal and cocaine seeking after 6 weeks of protracted abstinence. These results demonstrate that high blood leptin level before access to cocaine may be a protective factor against the development of cocaine addiction-like behavior, that exogenous leptin reduces the motivation to take and seek cocaine, but that blood leptin level and bodyweight changes in current users are not good biomarkers for addiction-like behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corral, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crook, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomhower, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.22.453426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leptin protects against the development and expression of cocaine addiction-like behavior in heterogenous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individual differences in members of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes is associated with resistance or vulnerability to addiction-like behaviors in heterogeneous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An emerging element in psychiatry is the gut-brain-axis, the bi-directional communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the brain. A prominent hypothesis, mostly based on preclinical studies, is that individual differences in the gut microbiome composition and drug-induced dysbiosis may be associated with vulnerability to psychiatric disorders including substance use disorder. However, most studies used small sample size, ignored individual differences, or used animal models with limited relevance to addiction. Here, we test the hypothesis that pre-existing microbiome composition and drug-induced changes in microbiome composition can predict addiction-like behaviors using an advanced animal model of extended access to cocaine self-administration in a large cohort of heterogenous stock (HS) rats. Adult male and female HS rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine under short (2h/day) and long access (6h/day) for ~7 weeks under various schedule of reinforcement to identify individuals that are resistant or vulnerable to addiction-like behaviors and fecal samples were collected before the first session and after the last session to assess differences in the microbiome composition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) identified sex-dependent and sex-independent differences at the phylum, order, and species level that are differentially abundant in resistant vs. vulnerable individuals, including high level of actinobacteria both before the first exposure to cocaine and after 7 weeks of cocaine self-administration in resistant animals. Predictions of functional gene content using PICRUSt revealed differential regulation of short-chain fatty acid processing in the vulnerable group after self-administration. These results identify microbiome constituents as well as metabolic pathways that are associated with resistance or vulnerability to addiction-like behaviors in rats. Identification of microbes and tangential metabolic pathways involved in cocaine resilience/vulnerability may represent an innovative strategy for the development of novel biomarkers and medication for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individual differences in members of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes is associated with resistance or vulnerability to addiction-like behaviors in heterogeneous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Utilization efficiency of human milk oligosaccharides by human-associated Akkermansia is strain-dependent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Akkermansia muciniphila are mucin degrading bacteria found in the human gut and are often associated with positive human health. However, despite being detected as early as one month of age, little is known about the role of Akkermansia in the infant gut. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant components of human milk and are structurally similar to the oligosaccharides that comprise mucin, the preferred growth substrate of human-associated Akkermansia. A limited subset of intestinal bacteria has been shown to grow well on HMOs and mucin. We therefore examined the ability of genomically diverse strains of Akkermansia to grow on HMOs. First, we screened 85 genomes representing the four known Akkermansia phylogroups to examine their metabolic potential to degrade HMOs. Furthermore, we examined the ability of representative isolates to grow on individual HMOs in a mucin background and analyzed the resulting metabolites. All Akkermansia genomes were equipped with an array of glycoside hydrolases associated with HMO-deconstruction. Representative strains were all able to grow on HMOs with varying efficiency and growth yield. Strain CSUN-19 belonging to the AmIV phylogroup, grew to the highest level in the presence of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs. This activity may be partially related to the increased copy numbers and/or the enzyme activities of the -fucosidases, -sialidases, and {beta}-galactosidases. Utilization of HMOs by strains of Akkermansia suggests that ingestion of HMOs by an infant may enrich for these potentially beneficial bacteria. Further studies are required to realize this opportunity and deliver long-lasting metabolic benefits to the human host.

ImportanceHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are utilized by a limited subset of bacteria in the infant gut. Akkermansia are detected in infants as young as one month of age and are thought to contribute to the HMO deconstruction capacity of the infant. Here, using phylogenomics, we examined the genomic capacity of different Akkermansia phylogroups to potentially deconstruct HMOs. Furthermore, we experimentally showed that strains from all the currently known phylogroups of Akkermansia can deconstruct all the major types of HMOs, albeit with different utilization efficiencies. This study thus examines Akkermansia-HMO interactions that can potentially influence the gut microbial ecology during the first 1,000 days of life - a critical phase for the development of the gut microbiome and infant health.

This study will be of interest to a wide range of scientists from microbiologists, glycochemists/glycobiologists, to functional food developers investigating Akkermansia as probiotics or functional foods containing milk oligosaccharides as prebiotics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luna, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkar, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirmiz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hearn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurdian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salcedo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulchakrabarti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.26.453919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Utilization efficiency of human milk oligosaccharides by human-associated Akkermansia is strain-dependent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An atlas of healthy and injured cell states and niches in the human kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding kidney disease relies upon defining the complexity of cell types and states, their associated molecular profiles, and interactions within tissue neighborhoods. We have applied multiple single-cell or -nucleus assays (>400,000 nuclei/cells) and spatial imaging technologies to a broad spectrum of healthy reference (n = 42) and disease (n = 42) kidneys. This has provided a high resolution cellular atlas of 100 cell types that include rare and novel cell populations. The multi-omic approach provides detailed transcriptomic profiles, epigenomic regulatory factors, and spatial localizations for major cell types spanning the entire kidney. We further identify and define cellular states altered in kidney injury, encompassing cycling, adaptive or maladaptive repair, transitioning and degenerative states affecting several segments. Molecular signatures of these states permitted their localization within injury neighborhoods using spatial transcriptomics, and large-scale 3D imaging analysis of [~]1.2 million neighborhoods provided linkages to active immune responses. These analyses further defined biological pathways relevant to injury niches, including signatures underlying the transition from reference to predicted maladaptive states that were associated with a decline in kidney function during chronic kidney disease. This human kidney cell atlas, including injury cell states and neighborhoods, will be a valuable resource for future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winfree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferkowicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plongthongkum, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balderrama, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waikar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palevsky, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedor, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toto, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macosko, E. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KPMP Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.454201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An atlas of healthy and injured cell states and niches in the human kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptomes identifies independently modulated sets of genes associated with known transcriptional regulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a critical role in coordinating numerous cellular processes. We extracted and quality controlled all publicly available RNA-sequencing datasets for P. aeruginosa to find 281 high-quality transcriptomes. We produced 83 new RNAseq data sets under critical conditions to generate a comprehensive compendium of 364 transcriptomes. We used this compendium to reconstruct the TRN of P. aeruginosa using independent component analysis (ICA). We identified 104 independently modulated sets of genes (called iModulons), among which 81 (78%) reflect the effects of known transcriptional regulators. We show that iModulons: 1) play an important role in defining the genomic boundaries of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs); 2) show increased expression of the BGCs and associated secretion systems in conditions that emulate cystic fibrosis (CF); 3) show the presence of a novel BGC named RiPP (bacteriocin producer) which might have a role in worsening CF outcomes; 4) exhibit the interplay of amino acid metabolism regulation and central metabolism across carbon sources, and 5) clustered according to their activity changes to define iron and sulfur stimulons. Finally, we compare the iModulons of P. aeruginosa with those of E. coli to observe conserved regulons across two gram negative species. This comprehensive TRN framework covers almost every aspect of the transcriptional regulatory machinery in P. aeruginosa, and thus could prove foundational for future research of its physiological functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.454220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning of Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptomes identifies independently modulated sets of genes associated with known transcriptional regulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The timescale and magnitude of aperiodic activity decreases with cortical depth in humans, macaques and mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical dynamics obey a 1/f power law, exhibiting an exponential decay of spectral power with increasing frequency. The slope and offset of this 1/f decay reflect the timescale and magnitude of aperiodic neural activity, respectively. These properties are tightly linked to cellular and circuit mechanisms (e.g. excitation:inhibition balance and firing rates) as well as cognitive processes (e.g. perception, memory, and state). However, the physiology underlying the 1/f power law in cortical dynamics is not well understood. Here, we compared laminar recordings from human, macaque and mouse cortex to evaluate how 1/f aperiodic dynamics vary across cortical layers and species. We report that 1/f slope is steepest in superficial layers and flattest in deep layers in each species. Additionally, the magnitude of this 1/f decay is greatest in superficial cortex and decreases with depth. We could account for both of these findings with a simple model in which superficial cortical transmembrane currents had longer time constants and greater densities than those in deeper layers. Together, our results provide novel insight into the organization of cortical dynamics, suggesting that the amplitude and time constant of local currents control circuit processing as a function of laminar depth. This may represent a general mechanism to facilitate appropriate integration of fast sensory inputs (infragranular) with slow feedback-type inputs (supragranular) across cortical areas and species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halgren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulbert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eross, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harnett, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.454235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The timescale and magnitude of aperiodic activity decreases with cortical depth in humans, macaques and mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning uncovers a data-driven transcriptional regulatory network for the Crenarchaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic cellular responses to environmental constraints are coordinated by the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN), which modulates gene expression. This network controls most fundamental cellular responses, including metabolism, motility, and stress responses. Here, we apply independent component analysis, an unsupervised machine learning approach, to 95 high-quality Sulfolobus acidocaldarius RNA-seq datasets and extract 45 independently modulated gene sets, or iModulons. Together, these iModulons contain 755 genes (32% of the genes identified on the genome) and explain over 70% of the variance in the expression compendium. We show that 5 modules represent the effects of known transcriptional regulators, and hypothesize that most of the remaining modules represent the effects of uncharacterized regulators. Further analysis of these gene sets results in: (1) the prediction of a DNA export system composed of 5 uncharacterized genes, (2) expansion of the LysM regulon, and (3) evidence for an as-yet-undiscovered global regulon. Our approach allows for a mechanistic, systems-level elucidation of an extremophiles responses to biological perturbations, which could inform research on gene-regulator interactions and facilitate regulator discovery in S. acidocaldarius. We also provide the first global TRN for S. acidocaldarius. Collectively, these results provide a roadmap towards regulatory network discovery in archaea.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Bulushi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.454237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning uncovers a data-driven transcriptional regulatory network for the Crenarchaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the Global miR-130a Targetome Reveals a Novel Role for TBL1XR1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and t(8;21) AML 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression profiling and proteome analysis of normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) point to shared core stemness properties. However, discordance between mRNA and protein signatures underscores an important role for post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs in governing this critical nexus. Here, we identified miR-130a as a regulator of HSC self-renewal and differentiation. Enforced expression of miR-130a impaired B lymphoid differentiation and expanded long-term HSC. Integration of protein mass spectrometry and chimeric AGO2 eCLIP-seq identified TBL1XR1 as a primary miR-130a target, whose loss of function phenocopied miR-130a overexpression. Moreover, we found that miR-130a is highly expressed in t(8;21) AML where it is critical for maintaining the oncogenic molecular program mediated by AML1-ETO. Our study establishes that identification of the comprehensive miRNA targetome within primary cells enables discovery of novel genes and molecular networks underpinning stemness properties of normal and leukemic cells.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LImiR-130a is a regulator of HSC self-renewal and lineage commitment
C_LIO_LITBL1XR1 is a principal target of miR-130a
C_LIO_LITBL1XR1 loss of function in HSPC phenocopies enforced expression of miR-130a
C_LIO_LIElevated miR-130a levels maintain the AML1-ETO repressive program in t(8;21) AML
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krivdova, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoof, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marhon, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murison, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLeod, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermans, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trotman-Grant, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, O. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagenblast, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Carvalho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LAB, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minden, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechman, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.454489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the Global miR-130a Targetome Reveals a Novel Role for TBL1XR1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and t(8;21) AML]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of muscle stem cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors in female pelvic floor muscle regeneration following birth injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injury during childbirth is a key risk factor for subsequent pelvic floor disorders that affect millions of women worldwide. Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) play a central role in the regeneration of injured skeletal muscles, where they activate, proliferate, and differentiate to assure myogenesis needed for muscle recovery. For robust regenerative function, MuSCs require the support of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and immune cells. To elucidate the role of MuSCs, FAPs, and immune infiltrate in female PFM regeneration, we used radiation to perturb the system and followed PFM recovery in a simulated birth injury (SBI) rat model. Non-irradiated and irradiated rats were euthanized at 3,7, 10, and 28 days after SBI; PFMs were harvested and prepared for immunohistochemistry. Cross sectional area (CSA) of all PFM myofibers 28 days after injury in irradiated animals was significantly lower relative to non-irradiated injured controls, indicating impairment of PFM recovery. Following SBI in non-irradiated animals, the number of MuSCs and FAPs expanded significantly at 7 and 3 days after injury, respectively; this expansion did not occur in irradiated animals at the same time points. CSA of embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMyHC, marker of newly regenerated myofibers) positive fibers was also significantly smaller following SBI in irradiated muscles compared to PFMs from non-irradiated injured controls at 7 days. Our results demonstrate that loss of function and decreased expansion of MuSCs and FAPs associated with irradiation results in impaired PFM recovery, signifying essential roles for MuSCs and FAPs in the regenerative process of female PFMs after birth injury. These findings can inform the identification of novel preventative and therapeutic targets and the development of new treatments for PFM dysfunction and associated pelvic floor disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boscolo Sesillo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baynes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sacco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.454534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of muscle stem cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors in female pelvic floor muscle regeneration following birth injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.01.454675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms governing protective pregnancy-induced adaptions of the pelvic floor muscles in the rat pre-clinical model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.01.454675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe intrinsic properties of pelvic soft tissues in women who do and do not sustain birth injuries are likely divergent, however little is known about this. Rat pelvic floor muscles undergo protective pregnancy-induced structural adaptations, sarcomerogenesis and increase in intramuscular collagen content, that protect against birth injury.

ObjectivesWe aimed to test the following hypotheses: 1) increased mechanical load of gravid uterus drives antepartum adaptations; 2) load-induced changes are sufficient to protect pelvic muscles from birth injury.

Study DesignIndependent effects of load uncoupled from hormonal milieu of pregnancy were tested in 3- to 4-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into four groups, N=5- 10/group: (1) load-/pregnancy hormones- (controls); (2) load+/pregnancy hormones-; (3) reduced load/pregnancy hormones+; (4) load+/pregnancy hormones+. Mechanical load simulating a gravid uterus was simulated by weighing uterine horns with beads similar to fetal rat size and weight. Reduced load was achieved by unilateral pregnancy after unilateral uterine horn ligation. To assess acute and chronic phases required for sarcomerogenesis, rats were sacrificed at 4 hours or 21 days post bead loading. Coccygeus, iliocaudalis, pubocaudalis and non-pelvic tibialis anterior were harvested for myofiber and sarcomere length measurements. Intramuscular collagen content was assessed using hydroxyproline assay. Additional 20 load+/pregnancy hormones- rats underwent vaginal distention to determine whether load-induced changes are sufficient to protect from mechanical muscle injury in response to parturition-associated strains of various magnitude. Data, compared using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance/pairwise comparisons, are presented as mean {+/-} standard error of mean.

ResultsAcute increase in load resulted in significant pelvic floor muscle stretch, accompanied by acute increase in sarcomere length compared to non-loaded control muscles (coccygeus: 2.69{+/-}0.03 vs 2.30{+/-}0.06 {micro}m, P<0.001; pubocaudalis: 2.71{+/-}0.04 vs 2.25{+/-}0.03 {micro}m, P<0.0001; iliocaudalis: 2.80{+/-}0.06 vs 2.35{+/-}0.04 {micro}m, P<0.0001). After 21 days of sustained load, sarcomeres returned to operational length in all pelvic muscles (P>0.05). However, the myofibers remained significantly longer in load+/pregnancy hormones- compared to load- /pregnancy hormones- in coccygeus (13.33{+/-}0.94 vs 9.97{+/-}0.26 mm, P<0.0001) and pubocaudalis (21.20{+/-}0.52 vs 19.52{+/-}0.34 mm, P<0.04) and not different from load+/pregnancy hormones+ (12.82{+/-}0.30 and 22.53{+/-}0.32mm, respectively, P>0.1), indicating that sustained load induced sarcomerogenesis in these muscles. Intramuscular collagen content in load+/pregnancy hormones- group was significantly greater relative to controls in coccygeus (6.55{+/-}0.85 vs 3.11{+/-}0.47{micro}g/mg, P<0.001) and pubocaudalis (5.93{+/-}0.79 vs 3.46{+/-}0.52 {micro}g/mg, P<0.05) and not different from load+/pregnancy hormones+ (7.45{+/-}0.65 and 6.05{+/-}0.62 {micro}g/mg, respectively, P>0.5). Iliocaudalis required both mechanical and endocrine cues for sarcomerogenesis. Tibialis anterior was not affected by mechanical or endocrine alterations. Despite equivalent extent of adaptations, load-induced changes were only partially protective against sarcomere hyperelongation.

ConclusionsLoad induces plasticity of the intrinsic pelvic floor muscle components that renders protection against mechanical birth injury. The protective effect, which varies between individual muscles and strain magnitudes, is further augmented by the presence of pregnancy hormones. Maximizing impact of mechanical load on pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy, such as with specialized pelvic floor muscle stretching regimens, is a potentially actionable target for augmenting pregnancy-induced adaptations to decrease birth injury in women who may otherwise have incomplete antepartum muscle adaptations.

AJOG at a GlanceO_LIWhy was the study conducted?
O_LITo determine the role of mechanical load, uncoupled from the hormonal milieu of pregnancy, in driving protective pregnancy-induced adaptations previously discovered in the rat pelvic floor muscles.
C_LI
C_LIO_LIWhat are the key findings?
O_LIMechanical load, in the absence of pregnancy hormones, induces sarcomerogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling in rat pelvic floor muscles.
C_LIO_LILoad-induced adaptations are partially protective against mechanical pelvic floor muscle injury consequent to parturition-associated strains.
C_LI
C_LIO_LIWhat does this study add to what is already known?
O_LIThe effect of sustained increased mechanical load, uncoupled from the hormonal milieu of pregnancy, on pelvic floor muscle plasticity has not been previously studied.
C_LIO_LIModulating pelvic floor muscles stretch antepartum, such as with specialized pelvic floor physical therapy regimens, could be a promising approach for augmentation of protective muscle adaptations in women.
C_LI
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rieger, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boscolo Sesillo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baynes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.01.454675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms governing protective pregnancy-induced adaptions of the pelvic floor muscles in the rat pre-clinical model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vibrissa sensory inputs play a central role in driving rodent behavior. These inputs transit through the sensory trigeminal nuclei, which give rise to the ascending lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways. While lemniscal projections are somatotopically mapped from brain stem to cortex, those of the paralemniscal pathway are more widely distributed. Yet the extent and topography of paralemniscal projections are unknown, along with the potential role of these projections in controlling behavior. Here we used viral tracers to map paralemniscal projections. We find that this pathway broadcasts vibrissa-based sensory signals to brain stem regions that are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions and to forebrain regions that are involved in the expression of emotional reactions. We further provide evidence that GABAergic cells of the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus gate trigeminal sensory input in the paralemniscal pathway via a mechanism of presynaptic or extrasynaptic inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callado Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.454932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Near-Zero Phase-Lag Hyperscanning in a Novel Wireless EEG System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.454932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperscanning is an emerging technology that concurrently scans the neural dynamics of multiple individuals to study interpersonal interactions. In particular, hyperscanning with wireless electroencephalography (EEG) is increasingly popular owing to its mobility and ability to decipher social interactions in natural settings at the millisecond scale. To align multiple EEG time series with sophisticated event markers in a single time domain, a precise and unified timestamp is required for stream synchronization. This study proposed a clock-synchronized method using a custom-made RJ45 cable to coordinate the sampling between wireless EEG amplifiers to prevent incorrect estimation of interbrain connectivity due to asynchronous sampling. In this method, analog-to-digital converters are driven by the same sampling clock. Additionally, two clock-synchronized amplifiers leverage additional RF channels to keep the counter of their receiving dongles updated, guaranteeing that binding event markers received by the dongle with the EEG time series have the correct timestamp. The results of two simulation experiments and one video gaming experiment revealed that the proposed method ensures synchronous sampling in a system with multiple EEG devices, achieving near-zero phase-lag and negligible amplitude difference between signals. According to all of the signal-similarity metrics, the suggested method is a promising option for wireless EEG hyperscanning and can be utilized to precisely assess the interbrain couplings underlying social-interaction behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.454932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Near-Zero Phase-Lag Hyperscanning in a Novel Wireless EEG System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic etiology of longitudinal measures of predicted brain ageing in a population-based sample of mid to late-age males 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Magnetic resonance imaging data are being used in statistical models to predicted brain ageing (PBA) and as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers Disease. Despite their increasing application, the genetic and environmental etiology of global PBA indices is unknown. Likewise, the degree to which genetic influences in PBA are longitudinally stable and how PBA changes over time are also unknown. We analyzed data from 734 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging with repeated MRI assessments between the ages 52 to 72 years. Biometrical genetic analyses  twin models revealed significant and highly correlated estimates of additive genetic heritability ranging from 59% to 75%. Multivariate longitudinal modelling revealed that covariation between PBA at different timepoints could be explained by a single latent factor with 73% heritability. Our results suggest that genetic influences on PBA are detectable in midlife or earlier, are longitudinally very stable, and are largely explained by common genetic influences.

HighlightsWe explored the genetic and environmental etiology of MRI-based predicted brain age (PBA) in a longitudinal sample of males starting in midlife. Genetic influences on PBA are detectable in midlife or earlier, are longitudinally very stable, and largely explained by common genetic influences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elyer, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennema-Notestine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puckett, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic etiology of longitudinal measures of predicted brain ageing in a population-based sample of mid to late-age males]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pandemic-Scale Phylogenomics Reveals Elevated Recombination Rates in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Region 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate and timely detection of recombinant lineages is crucial for interpreting genetic variation, reconstructing epidemic spread, identifying selection and variants of interest, and accurately performing phylogenetic analyses. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, genomic data generation has exceeded the capacities of existing analysis platforms, thereby crippling real-time analysis of viral recombination. Low SARS-CoV-2 mutation rates make detecting recombination difficult. Here, we develop and apply a novel phylogenomic method to exhaustively search a nearly comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny for recombinant lineages. We investigate a 1.6M sample tree, and identify 606 recombination events. Approximately 2.7% of sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes have recombinant ancestry. Recombination breakpoints occur disproportionately in the Spike protein region. Our method empowers comprehensive real time tracking of viral recombination during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornlow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcbroome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Maio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haussler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfear, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pandemic-Scale Phylogenomics Reveals Elevated Recombination Rates in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Region]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interleukin-33 coordinates a microglial phagocytic response and limits corticothalamic excitability and seizure susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia are key remodelers of neuronal synapses during brain development, but the mechanisms that regulate this process and its ultimate impact on neural circuit function are not well defined. We previously identified the IL-1 family cytokine Interleukin-33 (IL-33) as a novel mediator of microglial synapse remodeling. Here we define the phagocytic program induced in microglia in response to IL-33. We find that IL-33 markedly alters the microglial enhancer landscape and exposes AP-1 transcription factor sites that promote target gene expression. We identify the scavenger receptor MARCO and the pattern recognition receptor TLR2 as downstream mediators of IL-33 dependent synapse engulfment. Conditional deletion of IL-33 in the CNS or its receptor on microglia results in increased numbers of excitatory synapses in the corticothalamic circuit and spontaneous epileptiform activity as well as increased seizure susceptibility by early adulthood. These findings define novel mechanisms through which IL-33 coordinates experience-dependent synaptic refinement to restrict hyperexcitability in the developing brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vainchtein, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorman, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johung, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barron, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molofsky, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paz, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molofsky, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interleukin-33 coordinates a microglial phagocytic response and limits corticothalamic excitability and seizure susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn: an orally-available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intravenous administration of remdesivir for COVID-19 confines its utility to hospitalized patients. We evaluated the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn, an orally available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of the remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524) against viruses that cause diseases of human public health concern, including SARS-CoV-2. ODBG-P-RVn showed 20-fold greater antiviral activity than GS-441524 and had near-equivalent activity to remdesivir in primary-like human small airway epithelial cells. Our results warrant investigation of ODBG-P-RVn efficacy in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrivastava-Ranjan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flint, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beadle, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiaeva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostetler, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiropoulou, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.455494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn: an orally-available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.454510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tankyrase interacts with the allosteric site of glucokinase and inhibits its glucose-sensing function in the beta cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.454510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta cell is rate-limited by glucokinase (GCK), the glucose sensor that catalyzes the first step of glucose metabolism. GCK consists of two lobes connected by a flexible hinge that allows the kinase to exhibit a spectrum of conformations ranging from the active, closed form to several inactive, less-compact forms. Activating GCK mutations can cause hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia in infants. A similar phenotype exhibited by tankyrase (TNKS)-deficient mice prompted us to investigate whether TNKS might modulate the glucose-sensing function of GCK. We found that TNKS colocalizes and directly interacts with GCK. Their interaction is mediated by two ankyrin-repeat clusters (ARC-2 and -5) in TNKS and a tankyrase-binding motif (TBM, aa 63-68) in the GCK hinge. This interaction is conformation sensitive, human GCK variants that cause hyperglycemia (V62M) or hypoglycemia (S64Y) enhance or diminish the interaction respectively, even though they have no impact on TNKS interaction in the context of a GCK peptide (V62M) or a peptide library (S64Y). Moreover, the TNKS-GCK interaction is inhibited by high glucose concentrations, which are known to stabilize GCK in the active (closed, glucose-avid) conformation. Conversely, glucose phosphorylation by GCK in vitro is inhibited by TNKS. To study this in vitro inhibitory effect in the MIN6 beta cells, we showed that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is suppressed upon stabilization of the TNKS protein and is conversely enhanced upon TNKS knockdown. Based on these findings as well as by contrasting with hexokinase-2, we propose that TNKS is a physiological GCK inhibitor in pancreatic beta cells that acts by trapping the kinase in the open (inactive) conformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chi, N.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisemann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, T.-Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascal, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.454510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tankyrase interacts with the allosteric site of glucokinase and inhibits its glucose-sensing function in the beta cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.455703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Safety and efficacy of a new vaginal gel, Feminilove, for the treatment of symptoms associated with vaginal dryness and vulvovaginal atrophy in women: an in vitro and in vivo study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.455703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vaginal dryness is a common symptom associated with vulvovaginal atrophy of menopause. The impact of vaginal dryness is very significant as it negatively affects quality of life, daily activities, sexual satisfaction as well as on interpersonal relationships. Symptoms of vaginal dryness is often underreported and undertreated. Recently, vaginal lubricants and moisturizers have been applied as one of the alternative and safe approaches to relieve vaginal dryness for women with mild to moderate vaginal dryness. We evaluated the safety and beneficial effects of a new type of estrogen-free vaginal gel, Feminilove BIO-FRESH moisturizing vaginal gel, using in vitro and in vivo experimental tools. Our results suggest that; 1) Feminilove vaginal gel exhibits minimal cell cytotoxicity on various human vaginal cells; 2) Feminilove vaginal gel exhibits minimal side-effects on the structure of vaginal mucosa stratum of experimental animals; 3) Feminiove vaginal gel inhibits the growth of pathogenic vaginal bacteria (E. coli) while promotes the growth of beneficial vaginal bacteria (Lactobacillus spp); 4) Feminilove vaginal gel elicits an anti-inflammatory response on vaginal epithelial cells; and 5) Feminilove vaginal gel promotes the production of tropoelastin and collagen on cultural vaginal smooth muscle and may restore loose vaginal wall (i.e., tightening effects). In summary, our results indicate that Feminilove BIO-FRESH moisturizing vaginal gel is a safe and effective remedy for vaginal dryness and vulvovaginal atrophy in women.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booshehri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaddi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ip, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.455703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Safety and efficacy of a new vaginal gel, Feminilove, for the treatment of symptoms associated with vaginal dryness and vulvovaginal atrophy in women: an in vitro and in vivo study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term p21 and p53 trends regulate the frequency of mitosis events and cell cycle arrest 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Radiation exposure of healthy cells can halt cell cycle temporarily or permanently. In this work, two single cell datasets that monitored the time evolution of p21 and p53, one subjected to gamma irradiation and the other to x-ray irradiation, are analyzed to uncover the dynamics of this process. New insights into the biological mechanisms were found by decomposing the p53 and p21 signals into transient and oscillatory components. Through the use of dynamic time warping on the oscillatory components of the two signals, we found that p21 signaling lags behind its lead signal, p53, by about 3.5 hours with oscillation periods of around 6 hours. Additionally, through various quantification methods, we showed how p21 levels, and to a lesser extent p53 levels, dictate whether the cells are arrested in their cell cycle and how fast these cells divide depending on their long-term trend in these signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tralie, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moosmüller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhatir, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deasy, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tannenbaum, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.456721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term p21 and p53 trends regulate the frequency of mitosis events and cell cycle arrest]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OXPHOS deficiencies affect peroxisome proliferation by downregulating genes controlled by the SNF1 signaling pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How environmental cues influence peroxisome proliferation, particularly through other organelles, remains largely unknown. Yeast peroxisomes metabolize all fatty acids (FA), and methylotrophic yeasts also metabolize methanol. NADH and acetyl-CoA, the products of these pathways enter mitochondria for ATP production, and for anabolic reactions. During the metabolism of FA and/or methanol, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway accepts NADH for ATP production and maintains cellular redox balance. Remarkably, peroxisome proliferation in Pichia pastoris was abolished in NADH shuttling and OXPHOS mutants affecting complex I or III, or by the mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), indicating ATP depletion causes the phenotype. We show that mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiency inhibits the expression of several peroxisomal proteins implicated in FA and methanol metabolism, as well as in peroxisome division and proliferation. These genes are regulated by the Snf1 complex (SNF1), a pathway generally activated by high AMP and low ATP. Consistent with this mechanism, in OXPHOS mutants, Snf1 is activated by phosphorylation, but Gal83, its interacting subunit, fails to translocate to the nucleus. Phenotypic defects in peroxisome proliferation observed in the OXPHOS mutants, and phenocopied by the{Delta} gal83 mutant, were rescued by deletion of three transcriptional repressor genes (MIG1, MIG2 and NRG1) controlled by SNF1 signaling. We uncovered here the mechanism by which peroxisomal and mitochondrial metabolites influence redox and energy metabolism, while also influencing peroxisome biogenesis and proliferation, thereby exemplifying interorganellar communication and interplay involving peroxisomes, mitochondria, cytosol and the nucleus. We discuss the physiological relevance of this work in view of human OXPHOS deficiencies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farre, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carolino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devanneaux, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OXPHOS deficiencies affect peroxisome proliferation by downregulating genes controlled by the SNF1 signaling pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling Transcription Initiation in Peripheral Leukocytes Reveals Severity-Associated Cis-Regulatory Elements in Critical COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The contribution of transcription factors (TFs) and gene regulatory programs in the immune response to COVID-19 and their relationship to disease outcome is not fully understood. Analysis of genome-wide changes in transcription at both promoter-proximal and distal cis-regulatory DNA elements, collectively termed the active cistrome, offers an unbiased assessment of TF activity identifying key pathways regulated in homeostasis or disease. Here, we profiled the active cistrome from peripheral leukocytes of critically ill COVID-19 patients to identify major regulatory programs and their dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We identified TF motifs that track the severity of COVID- 19 lung injury, disease resolution, and outcome. We used unbiased clustering to reveal distinct cistrome subsets delineating the regulation of pathways, cell types, and the combinatorial activity of TFs. We found critical roles for regulatory networks driven by stimulus and lineage determining TFs, showing that STAT and E2F/MYB regulatory programs targeting myeloid cells are activated in patients with poor disease outcomes and associated with single nucleotide genetic variants implicated in COVID-19 susceptibility. Integration with single-cell RNA-seq found that STAT and E2F/MYB activation converged in specific neutrophils subset found in patients with severe disease. Collectively we demonstrate that cistrome analysis facilitates insight into disease mechanisms and provides an unbiased approach to evaluate global changes in transcription factor activity and stratify patient disease severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lam, M. T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duttke, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odish, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trescott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hepokoski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alotaibi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolfsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perofsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warden, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty-Alexander, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coufal, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling Transcription Initiation in Peripheral Leukocytes Reveals Severity-Associated Cis-Regulatory Elements in Critical COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amphetamine alters the Reward Positivity in humans and mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bench-to-bedside development of pro-cognitive therapeutics for psychiatric disorders has been mired by translational failures. This is in part due to the absence of pharmacologically-sensitive cognitive biomarkers common to humans and rodents. Here, we describe a cross-species translational marker of reward processing that is sensitive to the dopamine agonist, d-amphetamine. Motivated by human electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, we recently reported that frontal midline delta-band power is also an electrophysiological biomarker of reward surprise in mice. In the current series of experiments, we determined the impact of parametric doses of d-amphetamine on this reward-related EEG response from humans (n=23) and mice (n=28) performing a probabilistic learning task. In humans, d-amphetamine (placebo, 10 mg, 20 mg) boosted the Reward Positivity event-related potential (ERP) component as well as the spectral delta-band representations of this signal. In mice, d-amphetamine (placebo, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg) boosted both reward and punishment ERP features, yet there was no modulation of spectral activities. In sum, the present results confirm the role of dopamine in the generation of the Reward Positivity in humans, and paves the way towards a pharmacologically valid biomarker of reward sensitivity across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cavanagh, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olguin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talledo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nungary, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhakta, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Light, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brigman, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amphetamine alters the Reward Positivity in humans and mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.26.457839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redesigning the Eterna100 for the Vienna 2 folding engine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.26.457839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rational design of RNA is becoming important for rapidly developing technologies in medicine and biochemistry, spurring development of numerous RNA secondary structure design algorithms and benchmarks to evaluate their performance. However, the problem of RNA design is dependent upon the reverse problem of RNA structure prediction through "folding engines" that predict structure from sequence. We hypothesized that differences in RNA folding engines could impact design algorithms, and recruited an online community of RNA design experts to modify the widely-used RNA secondary structure design benchmark, Eterna100, to address unsolvability of some cases when changing the folding engine used (Vienna 1.8 updated to Vienna 2.6). We tested this new Eterna100-V2 benchmark with five RNA design algorithms, and found that while overall rankings remained similar, the performance of RNA design algorithms that depended on folding engines in their training did indeed depend on which underlying parameter set was used in training. This work demonstrates that the design "difficulty" of RNA structures is intrinsically linked to thermodynamic models, and suggests that future RNA design algorithms that are agnostic to thermodynamic models will result in optimal performance and development. Eterna100-V1 and Eterna100-V2 benchmarks and example solutions are freely available at https://github.com/eternagame/eterna100-benchmarking.

Author SummaryDesigning RNA molecules that fold to a desired target structure is an algorithmic problem gathering increasing attention due to the emergence of RNA-based therapies and the need for rational design of RNAs. The Eterna100 dataset, a collection of target structures with increasing design difficulty, designed and selected by players of the crowdsourced RNA game Eterna, has been widely used to benchmark RNA design algorithms. However, these puzzles were originally developed using the now-deprecated version 1 of the ViennaRNA folding engine. In this manuscript, we introduce an updated benchmark, called the Eterna100-V2. We found that nineteen puzzles using Vienna 1 were unsolvable in Vienna 2, but that Eterna participants were able to re-design the puzzles with minimal modifications to make them solvable in Vienna 2. We confirmed that the rankings of 5 RNA design algorithms remained consistent between Eterna100-V1 and -V2. However, discrepancies in performance from algorithms that relied on thermodynamic models in their training suggest that algorithms will benefit from being agnostic to thermodynamic models as these models continue to improve.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koodli, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudolfs, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wayment-Steele, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eterna Structure Designers,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.26.457839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redesigning the Eterna100 for the Vienna 2 folding engine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.29.458084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The OPAQUE1/DISCORIDA2 myosin XI is required for phragmoplast guidance during asymmetric cell division in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.29.458084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formative asymmetric divisions produce cells with different fates and are critical for development. We show the myosin XI protein, OPAQUE1 (O1), is necessary for asymmetric divisions during maize stomatal development. We analyzed stomatal precursor cells prior to and during asymmetric division to determine why o1 mutants have abnormal division planes. Cell polarization and nuclear positioning occur normally in the o1 mutant, and the future site of division is correctly specified. The defect in o1 occurs during late cytokinesis, when the phragmoplast forms the nascent cell plate. Initial phragmoplast guidance in o1 is correct; however, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become misguided. To understand how O1 contributes to phragmoplast guidance, we identified O1-interacting proteins. Maize kinesins related to the Arabidopsis thaliana division site markers PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESINs (POKs), which are also required for correct phragmoplast guidance, physically interact with O1. We propose that different myosins are important at multiple steps of phragmoplast expansion, and the O1 actin motor and POK-like microtubule motors work together to ensure correct late-stage phragmoplast guidance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Facette, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.29.458084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The OPAQUE1/DISCORIDA2 myosin XI is required for phragmoplast guidance during asymmetric cell division in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.29.458095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZetaSuite, A Computational Method for Analyzing Multi-dimensional High-throughput Data, Reveals Genes with Opposite Roles in Cancer Dependency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.29.458095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid advance of high-throughput technologies has enabled the generation of two-dimensional or even multi-dimensional high-throughput data, e.g., genome-wide siRNA screen (1st dimension) for multiple changes in gene expression (2nd dimension) in many different cell types or tissues or under different experimental conditions (3rd dimension). We show that the simple Z-based statistic and derivatives are no longer suitable for analyzing such data because of the accumulation of experimental noise and/or off-target effects. Here, we introduce ZetaSuite, a statistical package designed to score and rank hits from two-dimensional screens, construct regulatory networks based on response similarities, and eliminate off-targets. Applying this method to two large cancer dependency screen datasets, we identify not only genes critical for cell fitness, but also those required for constraining cell proliferation. Strikingly, most of those cancer constraining genes function in DNA replication/repair checkpoint, suggesting that cancer cells also need to protect their genomes for long-term survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.29.458095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZetaSuite, A Computational Method for Analyzing Multi-dimensional High-throughput Data, Reveals Genes with Opposite Roles in Cancer Dependency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
R-loop homeostasis and cancer mutagenesis promoted by the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The single-stranded DNA cytosine-to-uracil deaminase APOBEC3B is an antiviral protein implicated in cancer. However, its substrates in cells are not fully delineated. Here, APOBEC3B proteomics reveal interactions with a surprising number of R-loop factors. Biochemical experiments show APOBEC3B binding to R-loops in human cells and in vitro. Genetic experiments demonstrate R-loop increases in cells lacking APOBEC3B and decreases in cells overexpressing APOBEC3B. Genome-wide analyses show major changes in the overall landscape of physiological and stimulus-induced R-loops with thousands of differentially altered regions as well as binding of APOBEC3B to many of these sites. APOBEC3 mutagenesis impacts overexpressed genes and splice factor mutant tumors preferentially, and APOBEC3-attributed kataegis are enriched in RTCW consistent with APOBEC3B deamination. Taken together with the fact that APOBEC3B binds single-stranded DNA and RNA and preferentially deaminates DNA, these results support a mechanism in which APOBEC3B mediates R-loop homeostasis and contributes to R-loop mutagenesis in cancer.

HighlightsO_LIUnbiased proteomics link antiviral APOBEC3B to R-loop regulation
C_LIO_LISystematic alterations of APOBEC3B levels trigger corresponding changes in R-loops
C_LIO_LIAPOBEC3B binds R-loops in living cells and in vitro
C_LIO_LIBioinformatics analyses support an R-loop deamination and mutation model
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LEE, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tellier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beghe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanovska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temiz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamango, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gromak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.30.458235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[R-loop homeostasis and cancer mutagenesis promoted by the DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine mapping spatiotemporal mechanisms of genetic variants underlying cardiac traits and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The causal variants and genes underlying thousands of cardiac GWAS signals have yet to be identified. Here, we leveraged spatiotemporal information on 966 RNA-seq cardiac samples and performed an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis detecting eQTLs considering both eGenes and eIsoforms. We identified 2,578 eQTLs associated with a specific developmental stage-, tissue- and/or cell type. Colocalization between eQTL and GWAS signals of five cardiac traits identified variants with high posterior probabilities for being causal in 210 GWAS loci. Pulse pressure GWAS loci were enriched for colocalization with fetal- and smooth muscle- eQTLs; pulse rate with adult- and cardiac muscle- eQTLs; and atrial fibrillation with cardiac muscle- eQTLs. Fine mapping identified 79 credible sets with five or fewer SNPs, of which 15 were associated with spatiotemporal eQTLs. Our study shows that many cardiac GWAS variants impact traits and disease in a developmental stage-, tissue- and/or cell type-specific fashion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.01.458619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine mapping spatiotemporal mechanisms of genetic variants underlying cardiac traits and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signatures of plant defense response specificity mediated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns in legumes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I.Chewing herbivores activate plant defense responses through a combination of mechanical wounding and elicitation by herbivore associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). HAMPs are wound response amplifiers; however, specific defense outputs may also exist that strictly require HAMP-mediated defense signaling. To investigate HAMP-mediated signaling and defense responses, we characterized cowpea transcriptome changes following elicitation by inceptin, a peptide HAMP common in Lepidoptera larvae oral secretions. Following inceptin treatment, we observed large-scale reprogramming of the transcriptome consistent with 3 different response categories: 1) amplification of mechanical wound responses, 2) temporal extension through accelerated or prolonged responses, and 3) examples of inceptin-specific elicitation and suppression. At both early and late timepoints, namely 1 and 6 hours, large sets of transcripts specifically accumulated following inceptin elicitation but not wounding alone. Further inceptin-regulated transcripts were classified as reversing changes induced by wounding alone. Within key signaling and defense related gene families, inceptin-elicited responses commonly targeted select subsets of wound-induced transcripts. Transcripts displaying the largest inceptin-elicited fold-changes included terpene synthases (TPS) and peroxidases (POX) that correspond with induced volatile production and increased peroxidase activity in cowpea. Characterization of inceptin-elicited cowpea defenses via heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that specific cowpea TPS and POX were able to confer terpene emission and the reduced growth of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) herbivores, respectively. Collectively, our present findings in cowpea support a model where HAMP-elicitation both amplifies concurrent wound responses and specifically contributes to the activation of selective outputs associated with direct and indirect anti-herbivore defenses.

II. Significance StatementPlants recognize herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) to induce defenses, but interactions with the more general wound response are not well-understood. We leveraged a known HAMP-receptor interaction to characterize transcriptomic modulation of the wound response by the peptide HAMP, inceptin. Inceptin not only amplifies wound responses, but can specifically induce or suppress transcripts with demonstrated functions in direct and indirect defense against herbivores. The plant immune system thus recognizes HAMPs to fine-tune wound responses against herbivory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steinbrenner, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saldivar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaparro, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.458788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signatures of plant defense response specificity mediated by herbivore-associated molecular patterns in legumes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct stress-dependent signatures of cellular and extracellular tRNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular response to stress is an important determinant of disease pathogenesis. Uncovering the molecular fingerprints of distinct stress responses may yield novel biomarkers for different diseases, and potentially identify key signaling pathways important for disease progression. tRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs) comprise one of the most abundant RNA species in cells and have been associated with cellular stress responses. The presence of RNA modifications on tDRs has been an obstacle for accurately identifying tDRs with conventional small RNA sequencing. Here, we use AlkB-facilitated methylation sequencing (ARM-seq) to uncover a comprehensive landscape of cellular and extracellular tDR expression in a variety of human and rat cells during common stress responses, including nutritional deprivation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. We found that extracellular tDRs have a distinct fragmentation signature with a predominant length of 31-33 nts and a highly specific termination position when compared with intracellular tDRs. Importantly, we found these signatures are better discriminators of different cellular stress responses compared to extracellular miRNAs. Distinct extracellular tDR signatures for each profiled stressor are elucidated in four different types of cells. This distinct extracellular tDR fragmentation pattern is also noted in plasma extracellular RNAs from patients on cardiopulmonary bypass. The observed overlap of these patient tDR signatures with the signatures of nutritional deprivation and oxidative stress in our cellular models provides preliminary in vivo corroboration of our findings and demonstrates the potential to establish novel extracellular tDR biomarkers in human disease models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontaridis, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, K. V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aranki, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlschlegel, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitchen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct stress-dependent signatures of cellular and extracellular tRNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association mapping of ethanol sensitivity in the Diversity Outbred mouse population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundA strong predictor for the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is altered sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of alcohol. Individual differences in the initial sensitivity to alcohol are controlled in part by genetic factors. Mice offer a powerful tool for elucidating the genetic basis of behavioral and physiological traits relevant to AUDs; but conventional experimental crosses have only been able to identify large chromosomal regions rather than specific genes. Genetically diverse, highly recombinant mouse populations allow for the opportunity to observe a wider range of phenotypic variation, offer greater mapping precision, and thus increase the potential for efficient gene identification.

MethodsWe have taken advantage of the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse population to identify and precisely map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with ethanol sensitivity. We phenotyped 798 male J:DO mice for three measures of ethanol sensitivity: ataxia, hypothermia, and loss of the righting response. We used high density MEGAMuga and GIGAMuga arrays to obtain genotypes ranging from 77,808 - 143,259 SNPs. In addition, we performed RNA sequencing in striatum to map expression QTLs and to identify gene expression-trait correlations.

ResultsWe then applied a systems genetic strategy to identify narrow QTLs and construct the network of correlations that exist between DNA sequence, gene expression values and ethanol-related phenotypes to prioritize our list of positional candidate genes.

ConclusionsOur results can be used to identify alleles that contribute to AUDs in humans, elucidate causative biological mechanisms, or assist in the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parker, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatti, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasparek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreuzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuffler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansky, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masneuf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharif, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sluys, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taterra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association mapping of ethanol sensitivity in the Diversity Outbred mouse population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Library-based analysis reveals segment and length dependent characteristics of defective influenza genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.06.459165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parasitic elements of the viral population which are unable to replicate on their own yet rise to high frequencies, defective interfering particles are found in a variety of different viruses. Their presence is associated with a loss of population fitness, both through the depletion of key cellular resources and the stimulation of innate immunity. For influenza A virus, these particles contain large internal deletions in the genomic segments which encode components of the heterotrimeric polymerase. Using a library-based approach, we comprehensively profile the growth and replication of defective influenza species, demonstrating that they possess an advantage during genome replication, and that exclusion during packaging reshapes population composition in a manner consistent with their final, observed, distribution in natural populations. We find that an innate immune response is not linked to the size of a deletion; however, replication of defective segments can enhance their immunostimulatory properties. Overall, our results address several key questions in defective influenza A virus biology, and the methods we have developed to answer those questions may be broadly applied to other defective viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.06.459165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Library-based analysis reveals segment and length dependent characteristics of defective influenza genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted isolation of panels of diverse human broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and potential future spillovers of SARS-like coronaviruses into humans pose a major threat to human health and the global economy 1-7. Development of broadly effective coronavirus vaccines that can mitigate these threats is needed 8, 9. Notably, several recent studies have revealed that vaccination of recovered COVID-19 donors results in enhanced nAb responses compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination alone 10-13. Here, we utilized a targeted donor selection strategy to isolate a large panel of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to sarbecoviruses from two such donors. Many of the bnAbs are remarkably effective in neutralization against sarbecoviruses that use ACE2 for viral entry and a substantial fraction also show notable binding to non-ACE2-using sarbecoviruses. The bnAbs are equally effective against most SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and many neutralize the Omicron variant. Neutralization breadth is achieved by bnAb binding to epitopes on a relatively conserved face of the receptor binding domain (RBD) as opposed to strain-specific nAbs to the receptor binding site that are commonly elicited in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination 14-18. Consistent with targeting of conserved sites, select RBD bnAbs exhibited in vivo protective efficacy against diverse SARS-like coronaviruses in a prophylaxis challenge model. The generation of a large panel of potent bnAbs provides new opportunities and choices for next-generation antibody prophylactic and therapeutic applications and, importantly, provides a molecular basis for effective design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, W.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musharrafieh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volk, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzanello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.459480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted isolation of panels of diverse human broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-like viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semisynthesis of functional transmembrane proteins in GUVs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular transmembrane (TM) proteins are essential sentries of the cell facilitating cell-cell communication, internal signaling, and solute transport. Reconstituting functional TM proteins into model membranes remains a challenge due to the difficulty of expressing hydrophobic TM domains and the required use of detergents. Herein, we use a intein-mediated ligation strategy to semisynthesize bitopic TM proteins in synthetic membranes. We have adapted the trans splicing capabilities of split inteins for a native peptide ligation between a synthetic TM peptide embedded in the membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and an expressed soluble protein. We demonstrate that the extracellular domain of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), a mammalian transmembrane immune checkpoint receptor, retains its function for binding its ligand PD-L1 at a reconstituted membrane interface after ligation to a synthetic TM peptide in GUV membranes. We envision that the construction of full-length TM proteins using orthogonal split intein-mediated semisynthetic protein ligations will expand applications of membrane protein reconstitution in pharmacology, biochemistry, biophysics, and artificial cell development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Podolsky, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masubuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.459519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semisynthesis of functional transmembrane proteins in GUVs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered bacteria detect tumor DNA in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in bacterial engineering have catalysed the development of living cell diagnostics and therapeutics1-3, including microbes that respond to gut inflammation4, intestinal bleeding5, pathogens6 and hypoxic tumors7. Bacteria can access the entire gastrointestinal tract8 to produce outputs measured in stool4 or urine7. Cellular memory, such as bistable switches4,9,10 or genomic rearrangements11, allows bacteria to store information over time. However, living biosensors have not yet been engineered to detect specific DNA sequences or mutations from outside the cell. Here, we engineer naturally competent Acinetobacter baylyi to detect donor DNA from the genomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, organoids and tumors. We characterize the functionality of the biosensors in vitro with co-culture assays and then validate in vivo with sensor bacteria delivered to mice harboring colorectal tumors. We observe horizontal gene transfer from the tumor to the sensor bacteria in our mouse model of CRC. The sensor bacteria achieved 100% discrimination between mice with and without CRC. This Cellular Assay of Targeted, CRISPR-discriminated Horizontal gene transfer (CATCH), establishes a framework for biosensing of mutations or organisms within environments that are difficult to sample, among many other potential applications. Furthermore, the platform could be readily expanded to include production and delivery of antibiotic or antineoplastic therapeutic payloads at the detection site.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyne, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichinose, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radford, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered bacteria detect tumor DNA in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.11.459924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ankfn1 vestibular defects in zebrafish require mutations in both ancestral and derived paralogs. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.11.459924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How and to what degree gene duplication events create regulatory innovation, redundancy, or neofunctionalization remain important questions in animal evolution and comparative genetics. Ankfn1 genes are single copy in most invertebrates, partially duplicated in jawed vertebrates, and only the derived copy retained in most mammals. Null mutations in the single mouse homolog have vestibular and neurological abnormalities. Null mutation of the single Drosophila homolog is typically lethal with severe sensorimotor deficits in rare survivors. The functions and potential redundancy of paralogs in species with two copies is not known. Here we define a vestibular role for Ankfn1 homologs in zebrafish based on simultaneous disruption of each locus. Zebrafish with both paralogs disrupted showed vestibular defects and early lethality from swim bladder inflation failure. One intact copy at either locus was sufficient to prevent major phenotypes. Our results show that vertebrate Ankfn1 genes are required for vestibular-related functions, with at least partial redundancy between ancestral and derived paralogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ross, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.11.459924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ankfn1 vestibular defects in zebrafish require mutations in both ancestral and derived paralogs.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.459846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomechanical interactions of Schistosoma mansoni eggs with vascular endothelial cells facilitate egg extravasation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.459846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eggs of the parasitic blood fluke, Schistosoma, are the main drivers of the chronic pathologies associated with schistosomiasis, a disease of poverty afflicting approximately 220 million people worldwide. Eggs laid by Schistosoma mansoni in the bloodstream of the host are encapsulated by vascular endothelial cells (VECs), the first step in the migration of the egg from the blood stream into the lumen of the gut and eventual exit from the body. The biomechanics associated with encapsulation and extravasation of the egg are poorly understood. We demonstrate that S. mansoni eggs induce VECs to form two types of membrane extensions during encapsulation; filopodia that probe eggshell surfaces and intercellular nanotubes that presumably facilitate VEC communication. Encapsulation efficiency, the number of filopodia and intercellular nanotubes, and the length of these structures depend on the eggs vitality and, to a lesser degree, its maturation state. During encapsulation, live eggs induce VEC contractility and membranous structures formation, in a Rho/ROCK pathway-dependent manner. Using elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent microbeads as substrates to culture VECs, live eggs induce VECs to exert significantly greater contractile forces during encapsulation than dead eggs, which leads to 3D deformations on both the VEC monolayer and the flexible substrate underneath. These significant mechanical deformations cause the VEC monolayer tension to fluctuate with eventual rupture of VEC junctions, thus facilitating egg transit out of the blood vessel. Overall, our data on the mechanical interplay between host VECs and the schistosome egg improve our understanding of how this parasite manipulates its immediate environment to maintain disease transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Criado-Hidalgo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-De Herreros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Sakary, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasheras, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.16.459846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomechanical interactions of Schistosoma mansoni eggs with vascular endothelial cells facilitate egg extravasation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas Inhibits Natural Transformation through Altruistic Group Defense and Self-Sacrifice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas systems present an evolutionary tradeoff: does defense against phages and other parasitic DNA also prevent cells from acquiring potentially helpful new genes? Genomic analyses of this conundrum have arrived at often contradictory conclusions. Meanwhile, experimental studies have focused mainly on phages, conjugation, or artificial transformation, but less work has examined natural competence, a major driver of evolution and antibiotic resistance. Here, we use Acinetobacter baylyi, which combines high natural competence with a functional CRISPR-Cas system, to experimentally probe the interactions between CRISPR-Cas and natural competence. In these bacteria, the endogenous CRISPR array largely allows natural transformation by targeted DNA. However, CRISPR-Cas then kills the newly autoimmune cells in a form of programmed cell death. CRISPR-Cas often allows self-targeting cells to form colonies, albeit with fitness costs. Thus CRISPR-Cas appears to block natural transformation in a process more akin to altruistic group defense than an individual immune system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.16.460680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-Cas Inhibits Natural Transformation through Altruistic Group Defense and Self-Sacrifice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A BioID-derived proximity interactome for SARS-CoV-2 proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.17.460814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and has caused a major health and economic burden worldwide. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins behave in host cells can reveal underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and assist in development of antiviral therapies. Here we use BioID to map the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interactome using human lung cancer derived A549 cells expressing individual SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. Functional enrichment analyses revealed previously reported and unreported cellular pathways that are in association with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We have also established a website to host the proteomic data to allow for public access and continued analysis of host-viral protein associations and whole-cell proteomes of cells expressing the viral-BioID fusion proteins. Collectively, these studies provide a valuable resource to potentially uncover novel SARS-CoV-2 biology and inform development of antivirals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>May, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Sancho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anschau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrisopulos, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.17.460814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A BioID-derived proximity interactome for SARS-CoV-2 proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context-aware deconvolution of cell-cell communication with Tensor-cell2cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell interactions determine phenotypes, and intercellular communication is shaped by cellular contexts such as disease state, organismal life stage, and tissue microenvironment. Single-cell technologies measure the molecules mediating cell-cell communication, and emerging computational tools can exploit these data to decipher intercellular communication. However, current methods either disregard cellular context or rely on simple pairwise comparisons between samples, thus limiting the ability to decipher complex cell-cell communication across multiple time points, levels of disease severity, or spatial contexts. Here we present Tensor-cell2cell, an unsupervised method using tensor decomposition, which is the first strategy to decipher context-driven intercellular communication by simultaneously accounting for multiple stages, states, or locations of the cells. To do so, Tensor-cell2cell uncovers context-driven patterns of communication associated with different phenotypic states and determined by unique combinations of cell types and ligand-receptor pairs. As such, Tensor-cell2cell robustly improves upon and extends the analytical capabilities of existing tools. We show Tensor-cell2cell can identify multiple modules associated with distinct communication processes (e.g., participating cell-cell and ligand receptor pairs) linked to COVID-19 severities and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Thus, we introduce an effective and easy-to-use strategy for understanding complex communication patterns across diverse conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.20.461129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context-aware deconvolution of cell-cell communication with Tensor-cell2cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.461264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Origin of electroneutrality in living system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.461264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the first chemical transformations, from which life emerged is a central problem in the theories of lifes origins. These reactions would likely have been self-sustaining and self-reproductive before the advent of complex biochemical pathways found in modern organisms to synthesize lipid membranes, enzymes, or nucleic acids. Without lipid membranes and enzymes, exceedingly low concentrations of the organic intermediates of early metabolic cycles in protocells would have significantly hindered evolvability. To address this problem, we propose a mechanism, where a positive membrane potential elevates the concentration of the organic intermediates. In this mechanism, positively charged surfaces of protocell membranes due to accumulation of transition metals generate positive membrane potentials. We compute steady-state ion distributions and determine their stability in a protocell model to identify the key factors constraining achievable membrane potentials. We find that (i) violation of electroneutrality is necessary to induce nonzero membrane potentials; (ii) strategies that generate larger membrane potentials can destabilize ion distributions; and (iii) violation of electroneutrality enhances osmotic pressure and diminishes reaction efficiency, thereby driving the evolution of lipid membranes, specialized ion channels, and active transport systems.

SignificanceThe building blocks of life are constantly synthesized and broken down through concurrent cycles of chemical transformations. Tracing these reactions back 4 billion years to their origins has been a long-standing goal of evolutionary biology. The first metabolic cycles at the origin of life must have overcome several obstacles to spontaneously start and sustain their nonequilibrium states. Notably, maintaining the concentration of organic intermediates at high levels needed to support their continued operation and subsequent evolution would have been particularly challenging in primitive cells lacking evolutionarily tuned lipid membranes and enzymes. Here, we propose a mechanism, in which the concentration of organic intermediates could have been elevated to drive early metabolic cycles forward in primitive cells with ion-permeable porous membranes under prebiotic conditions and demonstrate its feasibility in a protocell model from first principles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.21.461264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Origin of electroneutrality in living system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.461278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrasynaptic signaling enables an asymmetric juvenile motor circuit to produce a symmetric mature gait. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.461278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many animals, there is a direct correspondence between the motor patterns that drive locomotion and the motor neuron innervation onto the muscle groups. For example, the adult C. elegans moves with symmetric and alternating dorsal-ventral bending waves arising from symmetric motor neuron input onto the dorsal and ventral muscles. In contrast to the adult, the C. elegans motor circuit at the juvenile larval stage has asymmetric wiring between motor neurons and muscles, but still generates adult-like bending waves with dorsal-ventral symmetry. We show that in the juvenile circuit, wiring between excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons coordinates the contraction of dorsal muscles with relaxation of ventral muscles, producing dorsal bends. However, ventral bending is not driven by analogous wiring. Instead, ventral muscles are excited uniformly by premotor interneurons through extrasynaptic signaling. Ventral bends occur in anti-phasic entrainment to activity of the same motor neurons that drive dorsal bends. During maturation, the juvenile motor circuit is replaced by two motor subcircuits that separately drive dorsal and ventral bending. Modeling reveals that the juveniles immature motor circuit is an adequate solution to generate adult-like dorsal-ventral bending before the animal matures. Developmental rewiring between functionally degenerate circuit solutions, that both generate symmetric bending patterns, minimizes behavioral disruption across maturation.

HighlightsO_LIC. elegans larvae generate symmetric motor pattern with an asymmetrically wired motor circuit.
C_LIO_LISynaptic wiring between excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons drives dorsal bending.
C_LIO_LIExtrasynaptic excitation by premotor interneurons entrains ventral muscles for anti-phasic ventral bending.
C_LIO_LIA developmental strategy to enable mature motor pattern before the circuit structurally matures.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahamed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulcahy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witvliet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.21.461278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrasynaptic signaling enables an asymmetric juvenile motor circuit to produce a symmetric mature gait.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The connection between Rap1 and Talin1 in CD4+ T Lymphocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Agonist induced increase in integrin affinity for ligands (activation) plays a pivotal role in T cell trafficking and functions. Activation requires Rap1 GTPase-mediated recruitment of talin1 to the integrins in the plasma membrane. Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) is a Rap1 effector that serves this function in T cells. In addition, Rap1 directly binds to talin1 to enable integrin activation in platelets. Here, we assessed the relative contributions of the Rap1-talin1 interaction and RIAM and provide a complete accounting of the connections between Rap1 and talin1 that support integrin activation in conventional CD4+ (Tconv) and CD25HiFoxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Disruption of both Rap1 binding sites in talin1 (talin1 (R35E,R118E)) causes a partial defect in L{beta}2, 4{beta}1 and 4{beta}7 integrin activation in both Tconv and Treg cells with resulting defects in T cell homing and functions. Over-expression of RIAM bypasses the integrin activation defect in Tconv cells expressing talin1 (R35E,R118E), indicating that RIAM can substitute for Rap1 binding to talin in integrin activation. Conversely, deletion of RIAM in talin1 (R35E,R118E) Tconv cells abrogates activation of L{beta}2, 4{beta}1 and 4{beta}7. RIAM and lamellipodin (LPD) are mammalian members of the MRL protein family; LPD plays a more important role than RIAM in Treg cell integrin activation. Nevertheless, loss of RIAM profoundly exacerbates the defects in Treg cell function caused by the talin1 (R35E,R118E) mutation. Most importantly, deleting both MRL proteins combined with talin1 (R35E,R118E) phenocopies the complete lack of integrin activation observed in Rap1a/b null Treg cells. In sum, these data reveal the functionally significant connections between Rap1 and talin1 that enable L{beta}2, 4{beta}1 and 4{beta}7 integrin activation in T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lagarrigue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The connection between Rap1 and Talin1 in CD4+ T Lymphocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-Administration of entactogen psychostimulants dysregulates GABA and Kappa Opioid Receptor signaling in the central nucleus of the amygdala of female Wistar rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Male rats escalate intravenous self-administration of entactogen psychostimulants, 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) under extended access conditions, as with typical psychostimulants. Here, we investigated whether female rats escalate self-administration of methylone, 3,4-methylenedioxypentedrone (pentylone), and MDMA and then studied consequences of MDMA and pentylone self-administration on GABAA receptor and kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a brain area critically dysregulated by extended access self-administration of alcohol or cocaine. Adult female Wistar rats were trained to self-administer methylone, pentylone, MDMA (0.5 mg/kg/infusion), or saline-vehicle using a fixed-ratio 1 response contingency in 6-hour sessions (long-access: LgA) followed by progressive ratio (PR) dose-response testing. The effects of pentylone-LgA, MDMA-LgA and saline on basal GABAergic transmission (miniature postsynaptic inhibitory currents, mIPSCs) and the modulatory role of KOR at CeA GABAergic synapses were determined in acute brain slices using whole-cell patch-clamp. Methylone-LgA and pentylone-LgA rats similarly escalated their drug intake (both obtained more infusions compared to MDMA-LgA rats) however, pentylone-LgA rats reached higher breakpoints in PR tests. At the cellular level, baseline CeA GABA transmission was markedly elevated in pentylone-LgA and MDMA-LgA rats compared to saline-vehicle. Specifically, pentylone-LgA was associated with increased CeA mIPSC frequency (GABA release) and amplitude (postsynaptic GABAA receptor function), while mIPSC amplitudes (but not frequency) was larger in MDMA-LgA rats compared to saline rats. In addition, pentylone-LgA and MDMA-LgA profoundly disrupted CeA KOR signaling such as both KOR agonism (1mM U50488) and KOR antagonism (200nM nor-binaltorphimine) decreased mIPSC frequency suggesting recruitment of non-canonical KOR signaling pathways. This study confirms escalated self-administration of entactogen psychostimulants under LgA conditions in female rats which is accompanied by increased CeA GABAergic inhibition and altered KOR signaling. Collectively, our study suggests that CeA GABA and KOR mechanisms play a critical role in entactogen self-administration like those observed with escalation of alcohol or cocaine self-administration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khom, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandewater, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.461477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-Administration of entactogen psychostimulants dysregulates GABA and Kappa Opioid Receptor signaling in the central nucleus of the amygdala of female Wistar rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phostensin Enables Lymphocyte Integrin Activation and Population of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rap1 GTPase drives assembly of the Mig-10/RIAM/lamellipodin-Integrin-Talin (MIT) complex that enables integrin-dependent lymphocyte functions. Here we used tandem affinity tag-based proteomics to isolate and analyze the MIT complex and reveal that Phostensin (PTSN), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1, is a component of the complex. PTSN mediates de-phosphorylation of Rap1 thereby preserving the activity and membrane localization of Rap1 to stabilize the MIT complex. CRISPR/Cas9-induced deletion of PPP1R18, which encodes PTSN, markedly suppresses integrin activation in Jurkat human T cells. We generated apparently healthy Ppp1r18-/- mice that manifest lymphocytosis and reduced population of peripheral lymphoid tissues ascribable to defective activation of integrins L{beta}2 and 4{beta}7. Ppp1r18-/- T cells exhibit reduced capacity to induce colitis in a murine adoptive transfer model. Thus, PTSN enables lymphocyte integrin-mediated functions by dephosphorylating Rap1 to stabilize the MIT complex. As a consequence, loss of PTSN ameliorates T cell-mediated colitis.

SUMMARYPhostensin, a protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit, supports lymphocyte integrin-dependent functions by mediating dephosphorylation of Rap1 to stabilize the MIT complex thereby enabling the population of peripheral lymphoid organs and T cell-mediated colitis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagarrigue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.461584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phostensin Enables Lymphocyte Integrin Activation and Population of Peripheral Lymphoid Organs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.25.461817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.25.461817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Professional athletes exposed to repetitive head impacts are at increased risk for developing a progressive neurological syndrome known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome and neuropathology seen on autopsy called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The early identification of individuals at increased risk for CTE is important and the search for biomarkers is underway. In this study, we utilized data from a large cohort study to compare differences in regional brain volumes, cortical thickness, voxel-based morphometric (VBM)-derived measures, and graph-theoretical measures derived from large-scale topographical maps in active professional boxers. We compared the above morphometric measures between active professional boxers with low cognitive scores (impaired boxers) and active professional boxers with intact cognitive scores (nonimpaired boxers). The cognitive scores were evaluated through neuropsychological evaluation. As an exploratory analysis, we also examined the power of various machine-learning algorithms to identify impaired and nonimpaired boxers using both group-level regression-driven analysis and previously identified hypothesis-driven cortical thickness and volumetric measures. We found significant group-level differences between impaired and nonimpaired boxers in cortical thickness in a single brain region (right precuneus), differences in VBM-derived gray matter density encompassing the caudate, putamen, and thalamus; and white matter density encompassing the right paracentral lobule, but no differences in any graph-theoretical network properties. Additionally, we found that a priori hypothesis-driven T1-derived cortical thickness and volumetric analysis performed better than traditional regression-based analysis. Overall, this study suggests that neuroanatomical differences exist between impaired and nonimpaired active professional boxers, and that hypothesis-driven techniques are likely necessary to become reliable biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreenivasan, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.25.461817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.462007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pre-mRNA Splicing Factor U2AF2 Recognizes Distinct Conformations of Nucleotide Variants at the Center of the pre-mRNA Splice Site Signal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.462007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The essential pre-mRNA splicing factor U2AF2 (also called U2AF65) identifies polypyrimidine (Py) tract signals of nascent transcripts, despite length and sequence variations. Previous studies have shown that the U2AF2 RNA recognition motifs (RRM1 and RRM2) preferentially bind uridine-rich RNAs. Nonetheless, the specificity of the RRM1/RRM2 interface for the central Py tract nucleotide has yet to be investigated. We addressed this question by determining crystal structures of U2AF2 bound to a cytidine, guanosine, or adenosine at the central position of the Py tract, and compared U2AF2-bound uridine structures. Local movements of the RNA site accommodated the different nucleotides, whereas the polypeptide backbone remained similar among the structures. Accordingly, molecular dynamics simulations revealed flexible conformations of the central, U2AF2-bound nucleotide. The RNA binding affinities and splicing efficiencies of structure-guided mutants demonstrated that U2AF2 tolerates nucleotide substitutions at the central position of the Py tract. Moreover, enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation of endogenous U2AF2 in human erythroleukemia cells showed uridine-sensitive binding sites with lower sequence conservation at the central nucleotide positions of otherwise uridine-rich, U2AF2-bound splice sites. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of RNA flexibility for protein recognition and take a step towards relating splice site motifs to pre-mRNA splicing efficiencies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glasser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maji, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biancon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keedakkatt Puthenpeedikakkal, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavender, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tebaldi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulvino, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halene, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kielkopf, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.462007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pre-mRNA Splicing Factor U2AF2 Recognizes Distinct Conformations of Nucleotide Variants at the Center of the pre-mRNA Splice Site Signal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanocrown electrodes for robust and scalable intracellular recordings of cardiomyocytes for cardiotoxicity screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity arises primarily when a compound alters the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes. Features of intracellular action potentials (iAPs) are powerful biomarkers that predict proarrhythmic risks. However, the conventional patch clamp techniques for measuring iAPs are either laborious and low throughput or not suitable for measuring electrically connected cardiomyocytes. In the last decade, a number of vertical nanoelectrodes have been demonstrated to achieve parallel and minimally-invasive iAP recordings. Nanoelectrodes show great promise, but the large variability in success rate, signal strength, and the low throughput of device fabrication have hindered them from being broadly adopted for proarrhythmia drug assessment. In this work, we developed vertically-aligned and semi-hollow nanocrown electrodes that are mechanically robust and made through a scalable fabrication process. Nanocrown electrodes achieve >99% success rates in obtaining intracellular access through electroporation, allowing reliable and simultaneous iAP recordings from up to 57 human pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). The accuracy of nanocrown electrode recordings is validated by simultaneous patch clamp recording from the same cell. Nanocrown electrodes enable prolonged iAP recording for continual monitoring of the same cells upon the sequential addition of four to five incremental drug doses. In this way, the dose-response data is self-referencing, which avoids the cell-to-cell variations inherent to hPSC-CMs. We are hopeful that this technology development is a step towards establishing an iAP screening assay for preclinical evaluation of drug-induced arrhythmogenicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawlosky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanocrown electrodes for robust and scalable intracellular recordings of cardiomyocytes for cardiotoxicity screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated Regulation of PKA by Fast and Slow Neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Controls Plasticity and Stress Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical glutamate and midbrain dopamine neurotransmission converge to mediate striatum-dependent behaviors, while maladaptations in striatal circuitry contribute to mental disorders. Here we uncover a molecular mechanism by which glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling integrate to regulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) via phosphorylation of the PKA regulatory subunit, RII{beta}. We find that glutamate-dependent reduction in Cdk5-dependent RII{beta} phosphorylation alters the PKA holoenzyme auto-inhibitory state to increase PKA signaling in response to dopamine. Disruption of RII{beta} phosphorylation by Cdk5, consequently, enhances cortico-ventral striatal synaptic plasticity. Acute and chronic stress in rats inversely modulate RII{beta} phosphorylation and ventral striatal infusion of a small interfering peptide that selectively targets RII{beta} regulation by Cdk5 improves behavioral response to stress. This new signaling mechanism integrating ventral striatal glutamate and dopamine neurotransmission is likely important to brain function, may contribute to neuropsychiatric conditions, and serves as a possible target for the development of novel therapeutics for stress-related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benavides, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plattner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzo-Miller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bibb, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated Regulation of PKA by Fast and Slow Neurotransmission in the Nucleus Accumbens Controls Plasticity and Stress Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstruction of distinct vertebrate gastrulation modes via modulation of key cell behaviours in the chick embryo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The morphology of gastrulation driving the internalisation of the mesoderm and endoderm differs dramatically among vertebrate species. It ranges from involution of epithelial sheets of cells through a circular blastopore in amphibians to ingression of mesenchymal cells through a primitive streak in amniotes. By targeting signalling pathways controlling critical cell behaviours in the chick embryo, we generated crescent- and ring-shaped mesendoderm territories in which cells can or cannot ingress. These alterations subvert the formation of the chick primitive streak into the gastrulation modes seen in amphibians, reptiles and teleost fish. Our experimental manipulations are supported by a theoretical framework linking cellular behaviors to self-organized multi-cellular flows in the accompanying paper. All together, this suggests that the evolution of gastrulation movements are largely determined by the shape of and cell behaviours in the mesendoderm territory across different species, and controlled by a relatively small number of signalling pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chuai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano-Najere, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahadavan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weijer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.03.462938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstruction of distinct vertebrate gastrulation modes via modulation of key cell behaviours in the chick embryo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.463371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novelty detection in early olfactory processing of the honey bee, Apis mellifera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.463371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals are constantly bombarded with stimuli, which presents a fundamental problem of sorting among pervasive uninformative stimuli and novel, possibly meaningful stimuli. We evaluated novelty detection behaviorally in honey bees as they position their antennae differentially in an air stream carrying familiar or novel odors. We then characterized neuronal responses to familiar and novel odors in the first synaptic integration center in the brain - the antennal lobes. We found that the neurons that exhibited stronger initial responses to the odor that was to be familiarized are the same units that later distinguish familiar and novel odors, independently of chemical identities. These units, including both projection neurons and local neurons, showed a decreased response to the familiar odor but an increased response to the novel odor. Our results suggest that the antennal lobe may assign a category of familiarity or novelty to an odor stimulus in addition to its chemical identity code. Therefore, the mechanisms for novelty detection may be present in early sensory processing, either as a result of local synaptic interaction or via feedback from higher brain centers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.06.463371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novelty detection in early olfactory processing of the honey bee, Apis mellifera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.463404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.463404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleAdolescents represent a vulnerable group due to increased experimentation with illicit substances that is often associated with the adolescent period, and because adolescent drug use can result in long-term effects that differ from those caused by drug use initiated during adulthood.

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception, and anxiety-like behavior during adulthood in female and male Wistar rats.

MethodsRats were exposed twice daily to 30-minutes of heroin vapor from post-natal day (PND) 36 to PND 45. At 12 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was assessed across a range of temperatures with a warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and activity was measured in an open field arena. Starting at 23 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was re-assessed, nociception was determined after acute heroin or naloxone injection, and anxiety-like behavior was redetermined in the EPM.

ResultsAdolescent heroin inhalation altered baseline thermal nociception in female rats at 12 weeks of age and in both female and male rats at [~]23 weeks. Heroin-treated animals exhibited anxiety-like behavior when tested in the elevated plus-maze, showed blunted heroin-induced analgesia, but exhibited no effect on naloxone-induced hyperalgesia.

ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence produces behavioral and physiological consequences in rats that persist well into adulthood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.06.463404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 cargo diversity is mediated by the combinatorial assembly of FTS-Hook-FHIP complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotic cells, intracellular components are organized by the microtubule motors cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) and kinesins, which are linked to cargos via adaptor proteins. While [~]40 kinesins transport cargo toward the plus end of microtubules, a single dynein moves cargo in the opposite direction. How dynein transports a wide variety of cargos remains an open question. The FTS-Hook-FHIP ("FHF") cargo adaptor complex links dynein to cargo in mammals and fungi. As human cells have three Hooks and four FHIP proteins, we hypothesized that the combinatorial assembly of different Hook and FHIP proteins could underlie dynein cargo diversity. Using proteomic approaches, we determine the protein  interactome of each FHIP protein. Live-cell imaging and biochemical approaches show that different FHF complexes associate with distinct motile cargos. These complexes also move with dynein and its cofactor dynactin in single-molecule in vitro reconstitution assays. Complexes composed of FTS, FHIP1B, and Hook1/Hook3 co-localize with Rab5-tagged early endosomes via a direct interaction between FHIP1B and GTP-bound Rab5. In contrast, complexes composed of FTS, FHIP2A and Hook2 colocalize with Rab1A-tagged ER-to-Golgi cargos and FHIP2A is involved in the motility of Rab1A tubules. Our findings suggest that combinatorial assembly of different FTS-Hook-FHIP complexes is one mechanism dynein uses to achieve cargo specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christensen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendrick, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troung, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Maldonado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzieciatkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytoplasmic dynein-1 cargo diversity is mediated by the combinatorial assembly of FTS-Hook-FHIP complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupted intrinsic connectivity links to language and social deficits in toddlers with autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social and language abilities are closely intertwined during early development. Yet, it is still unknown how neural features underlying early social and language deficits are linked in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We examined functional connectivity of left and right temporal language regions and its correlations with language and social abilities in a cohort of 1- 4 years old toddlers (52 ASD/34 non-ASD). Further, ASD toddlers were stratified into those who strongly prefer social visual stimuli (ASDSoc) vs. those who do not (ASDnonSoc) based on performance on an eye-tracking paradigm. In non-ASD toddlers, connectivity between temporal regions and other language- and social-related cortical regions was significantly correlated with language, communication, and social scores. Conversely, ASD toddlers showed atypical correlations between temporal-visual cortex (cuneus) connectivity and communication ability. This temporal-visual connectivity was also correlated with social visual attention in ASDnonSoc but not in ASDSoc toddlers. These findings suggest language- and social-related functional connectivity was not correlated with language and social functions in ASD toddlers. Abnormal engagement of temporal-visual cortex connectivity may be an early-age signature of ASD and may help explain why interventions targeting social skills and language are so challenging, particularly in those with poor social engagement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyler, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupted intrinsic connectivity links to language and social deficits in toddlers with autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HORmon: automated annotation of human centromeres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in long-read sequencing opened a possibility to address the long-standing questions about the architecture and evolution of human centromeres. They also emphasized the need for centromere annotation (partitioning human centromeres into monomers and higher-order repeats (HORs)). Even though there was a half-century-long series of semi-manual studies of centromere architecture, a rigorous centromere annotation algorithm is still lacking. Moreover, an automated centromere annotation is a prerequisite for studies of genetic diseases associated with centromeres, and evolutionary studies of centromeres across multiple species. Although the monomer decomposition (transforming a centromere into a monocentromere written in the monomer alphabet) and the HOR decomposition (representing a monocentromere in the alphabet of HORs) are currently viewed as two separate problems, we demonstrate that they should be integrated into a single framework in such a way that HOR (monomer) inference affects monomer (HOR) inference. We thus developed the HORmon algorithm that integrates the monomer/HOR inference and automatically generates the human monomers/HORs that are largely consistent with the previous semi-manual inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kunyavskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HORmon: automated annotation of human centromeres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal tubulin binding by the yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, underlies its motility and depolymerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is central to cellular processes including axonal growth, intracellular transport, and cell division, all of which rely on precise spatiotemporal control of MT organization. Kinesin-8s play a key role in regulating MT length by combining highly processive directional motility with MT-end disassembly. However, how kinesin-8 switches between these two apparently opposing activities remains unclear. Here, we define the structural features underlying this molecular switch through cryo-EM analysis of the yeast kinesin-8, Kip3 bound to MTs, and molecular dynamics simulations to approximate the complex of Kip3 with the curved tubulin state found at the MT plus-end. By integrating biochemical and single-molecule biophysical assays, we identified specific intra- and intermolecular interactions that modulate processive motility and MT disassembly. Our findings suggest that Kip3 undergoes conformational changes in response to tubulin curvature that underlie its unique ability to interact differently with the MT lattice than with the MT-end.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arellano-Santoyo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Lopez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokasimov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal tubulin binding by the yeast kinesin-8, Kip3, underlies its motility and depolymerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heat shock chaperone HSPB1 regulates cytoplasmic TDP-43 phase separation and liquid-to-gel transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the RNA binding protein TDP-43 reversibly phase separates within nuclei into complex droplets (anisosomes) with TDP-43-containing liquid outer shells and liquid centers of HSP70 family chaperones, cytoplasmic aggregates of TDP-43 are hallmarks of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. Here we show that transient oxidative stress, proteasome inhibition, or inhibition of HSP70s ATP-dependent chaperone activity provokes reversible cytoplasmic TDP-43 de-mixing and transition from liquid to gel/solid, independent of RNA binding or stress granules. Isotope labeling mass spectrometry is used to identify that phase separated cytoplasmic TDP-43 is primarily bound by the small heat shock protein HSPB1. Binding is direct, mediated through TDP-43s RNA binding and low complexity domains. HSPB1 partitions into TDP-43 droplets, inhibits TDP-43 assembly into fibrils, and is essential for disassembly of stress-induced, TDP-43 droplets. Decrease of HSPB1 promotes cytoplasmic TDP-43 de-mixing and mislocalization. HSPB1 depletion is identified within ALS-patient spinal motor neurons containing aggregated TDP-43. These findings identify HSPB1 to be a regulator of cytoplasmic TDP-43 phase separation and aggregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arogundade, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goginashvili, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heat shock chaperone HSPB1 regulates cytoplasmic TDP-43 phase separation and liquid-to-gel transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.15.464608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kernel-based genetic association analysis for microbiome phenotypes identifies host genetic drivers of beta-diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.15.464608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding human genetic influences on the gut microbiota helps elucidate the mechanisms by which genetics affects health outcomes. We propose a novel approach, the covariate-adjusted kernel RV (KRV) framework, to map genetic variants associated with microbiome beta-diversity, which focuses on overall shifts in the microbiota. The proposed KRV framework improves statistical power by capturing intrinsic structure within the genetic and microbiome data while reducing the multiple-testing burden. We apply the covariate-adjusted KRV test to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos in a genome-wide association analysis (first gene-level, then variant-level) for microbiome beta-diversity. We have identified an immunity-related gene, IL23R, reported in previous association studies and discovered 3 other novel genes, 2 of which are involved in immune functions or autoimmune disorders. Our findings highlight the value of the KRV as a powerful microbiome GWAS approach and support an important role of immunity-related genes in shaping the gut microbiome composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams-Nguyen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plantinga, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burk, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.15.464608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kernel-based genetic association analysis for microbiome phenotypes identifies host genetic drivers of beta-diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse chemical functionalization of nucleobases within long RNAs using sulfinate salts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have devised a single pot, low-cost method to modify RNA with sulfinate salts that can directly add almost any desired functional group to nucleobases under mild aqueous conditions. This chemistry modifies the Hoogsteen edge of RNA and DNA nucleobases. It can be applied to RNA or DNA of any size, as well as to individual nucleotides. Existing methods of RNA modification have relatively limited applicability due to constraints on the size of the RNA and the lack of diversity of possible modifications. We have been able to add azide groups for click reactions directly onto the nucleobases of RNA utilizing sulfinate salts. C-H bonds on the nucleobase aromatic rings serve as the sites of attachment, with C-H being replaced with C-R, where R is the azide-containing linker. With the addition of azide functional groups, the modified RNA can easily be reacted with any alkyne-labeled compound of interest, including fluorescent dyes as shown in this work. This methodology enables the exploration of diverse chemical groups on RNA that can potentially confer protection from nucleases, allow for efficient delivery of nucleic acids into cells, or act as new tools for the investigation of nucleic acid structure and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hirlinger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassi, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grayson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vantourout, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse chemical functionalization of nucleobases within long RNAs using sulfinate salts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Survival of hatchery grown native oysters is associated with specific gut-associated bacteria at various locations within the Puget Sound 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) of the Puget Sound suffered a dramatic population crash, but restoration efforts hope to revive this native species. One overlooked variable in the process of assessing ecosystem health is association of bacteria with marine organisms and the environments they occupy. Oyster microbiomes are known to differ significantly between species, tissue type, and the habitat in which they are found. The goals of this study were to determine the impact of field site and habitat on the oyster microbiome and to identify core oyster-associated bacteria in the Puget Sound. Olympia oysters from one parental family were deployed at four sites in the Puget Sound both inside and outside of eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the oyster gut, shell, surrounding seawater and sediment, we demonstrate that gut-associated bacteria are distinct from the surrounding environment and vary by field site. Furthermore, regional differences in the gut microbiota are associated with the survival rates of oysters at each site after two months of field exposure. However, habitat type had no influence on microbiome diversity. Further work is needed to identify the specific bacterial dynamics that are associated with oyster physiology and survival rates.

ImportanceThe outcomes of this study demonstrate the need to monitor microbial ecology at potential oyster restoration sites, specifically for the native Olympia oyster in the Puget Sound. Some areas of Puget Sound may be less amenable to Olympia oyster restoration than others due to microbiome colonization trends. Furthermore, this study puts the oyster microbiome in the context of its surroundings, providing a holistic perspective on the factors that may influence oyster performance and microbial ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kunselman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Survival of hatchery grown native oysters is associated with specific gut-associated bacteria at various locations within the Puget Sound]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory variants active in iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are associated with Type 2 Diabetes in adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPC) are an early developmental multipotent cell type that give rise to mature endocrine, exocrine, and ductal cells. To investigate the extent to which regulatory variants active in PPC contribute to pancreatic complex traits and disease in the adult, we derived PPC from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of nine unrelated individuals and generated single cell profiles of chromatin accessibility (snATAC- seq) and transcriptome (scRNA-seq). While iPSC-PPC differentiation was asynchronous and included cell types from early to late developmental stages, we found that the predominant cell type consisted of NKX6-1+ progenitors. Genetic characterization using snATAC-seq identified 86,261 regulatory variants that either displayed chromatin allelic bias and/or were predicted to affect active transcription factor (TF) binding sites. Integration of these regulatory variants with 380 fine-mapped type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk loci identified regulatory variants in 209 of these loci that are functional in iPSC-PPC, either by affecting transcription factor binding or through association with allelic effects on chromatin accessibility. The PPC active regulatory variants in 65 of these loci showed strong evidence of causally underlying the association with T2D. Our study shows that studying the functional associations of regulatory variation in iPSC-PPC enables the identification and characterization of causal SNPs for adult Type 2 Diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSCORE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salgado, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory variants active in iPSC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are associated with Type 2 Diabetes in adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A focal adhesion kinase-YAP signaling axis drives drug tolerant persister cells and residual disease in lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.465573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted therapy is effective in many tumor types including lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality. Paradigm defining examples are targeted therapies directed against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes with oncogenic alterations in EGFR, ALK and KRAS. The success of targeted therapy is limited by drug-tolerant tumor cells which withstand and adapt to treatment and comprise the residual disease state that is typical during treatment with clinical targeted therapies. Here, we integrate studies in patient-derived and immunocompetent lung cancer models and clinical specimens obtained from patients on targeted therapy to uncover a focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-YAP signaling axis that promotes residual disease during oncogenic EGFR-, ALK-, and KRAS-targeted therapies. FAK-YAP signaling inhibition combined with the primary targeted therapy suppressed residual drug-tolerant cells and enhanced tumor responses. This study unveils a FAK-YAP signaling module that promotes residual disease in lung cancer and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to improve tumor response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haderk, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Mendez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cech, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meraz, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa Rabago, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allegakoen, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrington, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gbenedio, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanjo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majidi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamaki, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotow, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoach, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riess, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Post, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santisteban, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodarzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roose, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blakely, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bivona, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.23.465573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A focal adhesion kinase-YAP signaling axis drives drug tolerant persister cells and residual disease in lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cytoskeletal Vortex Drives Phage Nucleus Rotation During Jumbo Phage Replication inE. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vortex-like arrays of cytoskeletal filaments that drive cytoplasmic streaming and nucleus rotation have been identified in eukaryotes, but similar structures have not been described in prokaryotes. The only known example of a rotating intracellular body in prokaryotic cells occurs when nucleus-forming jumbo phages infect Pseudomonas. During infection, a bipolar spindle of PhuZ filaments drives intracellular rotation of the phage nucleus, a key aspect of the replication cycle. Here we show the E. coli jumbo phage Goslar assembles a phage nucleus surrounded by an array of PhuZ filaments resembling a vortex instead of a bipolar spindle. Expression of mutant PhuZ strongly reduces Goslar phage nucleus rotation, demonstrating that the PhuZ cytoskeletal vortex is necessary for rotating the phage nucleus. While vortex-like cytoskeletal arrays are important in eukaryotes, this work identifies the first known example of a coherent assembly of filaments into a vortex-like structure driving intracellular rotation within the prokaryotic cytoplasm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birkholz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.25.465362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cytoskeletal Vortex Drives Phage Nucleus Rotation During Jumbo Phage Replication inE. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transmission of Klebsiella strains and plasmids within and between Grey-headed flying fox colonies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) is an endemic Australian fruit bat, known to carry pathogens with zoonotic potential. We recently showed these bats harbour the bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae and closely related species in the K. pneumoniae species complex (KpSC). However, the dynamics of Klebsiella transmission and gene flow within flying fox colonies were not explored and remain poorly understood.

Here we report a high-resolution genomic comparison of 39 KpSC isolates from Greyheaded flying foxes. Illumina whole genome sequences (n=39) were assembled de novo and the Kleborate genotyping tool was used to infer sequence types (STs). Oxford Nanopore sequences were generated for 13 isolates (one for each distinct ST) in order to generate high-quality completed reference genomes. Read mapping and variant calling was used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) within each ST, using the relevant reference genome. In silico genome-scale metabolic models were generated to predict and compare substrate usage to 59 previously published KpSC models for isolates from human and environmental sources, which indicated no distinction on the basis of metabolic capabilities.

High-resolution genome comparisons identified five putative strain transmission clusters (four intra- and one inter-colony, n=2-15 isolates each, [&le;]25 pairwise SNVs). Inter-colony transmission of Klebsiella africana was found between two flying fox populations located within flying distance. The 13 completed genomes harboured 11 plasmids, all of which showed 37-98% coverage (mean 73%) and [&ge;]95% identity to those previously reported from human-associated KpSC. Comparison of plasmids from different flying fox associated KpSC indicated an interspecies horizontal plasmid transmission between K. pneumoniae and K. africana for a 98 kbp plasmid, pFF1003.

These data indicate that KpSC are able to transmit directly via flying fox populations or indirectly via a common source, and that these isolates can harbour plasmids with similarity to those found in human derived KpSC, indicating gene flow is occurring between isolates from Grey-headed flying fox KpSC and human clinical isolates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vezina, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judd, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDougall, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boardman, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brisse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyres, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.25.465810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transmission of Klebsiella strains and plasmids within and between Grey-headed flying fox colonies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.465992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional depletion reveals temporal requirements for the oscillating transcription factor NHR-23/NR1F1 in C. elegans larval progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.465992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARY STATEMENTThis work shows how a C. elegans transcription factor controls remodeling of the apical extracellular matrix during development and in which tissues it acts.

ABSTRACTNematode molting is a remarkable process where animals must repeatedly build a new apical extracellular matrix (aECM) beneath a previously built aECM that is subsequently shed. The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-23/NR1F1 is an important regulator of C. elegans molting. NHR-23 expression oscillates in the epidermal epithelium, and soma-specific NHR-23 depletion causes severe developmental delay and death. Tissue-specific RNAi suggests that nhr-23 acts primarily in seam and hypodermal cells. NHR-23 coordinates the expression of factors involved in molting, lipid transport/metabolism, and remodeling of the aECM. NHR-23 depletion causes dampened expression of a nas-37 promoter reporter and a loss of reporter oscillation. The cuticle collagen ROL-6 and zona pellucida protein NOAH-1 display aberrant annular localization and severe disorganization over the seam cells following NHR-23 depletion, while the expression of the adult-specific cuticle collagen BLI-1 is diminished and frequently found in patches. Consistent with these localization defects, the cuticle barrier is severely compromised when NHR-23 is depleted. Together, this work provides insight into how NHR-23 acts in the seam and hypodermal cells to coordinate aECM regeneration during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levenson, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rechtsteiner, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.465992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional depletion reveals temporal requirements for the oscillating transcription factor NHR-23/NR1F1 in C. elegans larval progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in migraine: A twin study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Migraine is a neurological disorder with a prominent sex difference such that two thirds of sufferers are female. The mechanisms behind the preponderance of migraine in women have yet to be elucidated. With data on 51,872 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry, we report results from two distinct analyses intended to clarify the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to sex differences in migraine. First, we fit a sex-limitation model to determine if quantitative genetic differences (i.e., is migraine equally heritable across men and women) and/or qualitative genetic differences (i.e., are different genes involved in migraine across men and women) were present. Next, we used a multilevel logistic regression model to compare the prevalence of migraine in individuals from opposite-sex and same-sex twin pairs to determine whether differences in the prenatal hormone environment contribute to migraine risk. In the final analytic sample, women were found to have a significantly higher rate of migraine without aura relative to men (17.6% vs 5.5%). The results from an ADE sex-limitation model indicate that migraine is equally heritable in men and women, with a broad sense heritability of .45, (95% CI = .40 - .50), while results from a reduced AE sex-limitation model provide subtle evidence for differences in the genes underlying migraine across men and women. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant increase in migraine risk for females with a male co-twin relative to females with a female co-twin (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.26 - 1.81). These results suggest that the prominent sex difference in migraine prevalence is not entirely accounted for by genetic factors, while demonstrating that masculinization of the prenatal environment may increase migraine risk for females. This effect points to a potential prenatal neuroendocrine factor in the development of migraine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saelzler, U. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.466155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in migraine: A twin study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FEMA: Fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm for population-scale whole brain imaging data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The linear mixed-effects model (LME) is a versatile approach to account for dependence among observations. Many large-scale neuroimaging datasets with complex designs have increased the need for LME, however LME has seldom been used in whole-brain imaging analyses due to its heavy computational requirements. In this paper, we introduce a fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm (FEMA) that makes whole-brain vertex-wise, voxel-wise, and connectome-wide LME analyses in large samples possible. We validate FEMA with extensive simulations, showing that the estimates of the fixed effects are equivalent to standard maximum likelihood estimates but obtained with orders of magnitude improvement in computational speed. We demonstrate the applicability of FEMA by studying the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on region-of-interest level and vertex-wise cortical thickness, as well as connectome-wide functional connectivity values derived from resting state functional MRI, using longitudinal imaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study release 4.0. Our analyses reveal distinct spatial patterns for the annualized changes in vertex-wise cortical thickness and connectome-wide connectivity values in early adolescence, highlighting a critical time of brain maturation. The simulations and application to real data show that FEMA enables advanced investigation of the relationships between large numbers of neuroimaging metrics and variables of interest while considering complex study designs, including repeated measures and family structures, in a fast and efficient manner. The source code for FEMA is available via: https://github.com/cmig-research-group/cmig_tools/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iverson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.466202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FEMA: Fast and efficient mixed-effects algorithm for population-scale whole brain imaging data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two parallel pathways are required for ultrasound-evoked behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultrasound has been shown to affect the function of both neurons and non-neuronal cells. However, the underlying molecular machinery has been poorly understood. Here, we show that at least two mechanosensitive proteins act in parallel to generate C. elegans behavioral responses to ultrasound stimuli. We first show that these animals generate reversals in response to a single 10 msec pulse from a 2.25 MHz ultrasound transducer. Next, we show that the pore-forming subunit of the mechanosensitive channel TRP-4, and a DEG/ENaC/ASIC ion channel MEC-4, are both required for this ultrasound-evoked reversal response. Further, the trp-4 mec-4 double mutant shows a stronger behavioral deficit compared to either single mutant. Finally, overexpressing TRP-4 in specific chemosensory neurons can rescue the ultrasound-triggered behavioral deficit in the mec-4 null mutant, suggesting that these two pathways act in parallel. Together, we demonstrate that multiple mechanosensitive proteins likely cooperate to transform ultrasound stimuli into behavioral changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magaram, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.29.466533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two parallel pathways are required for ultrasound-evoked behavioral changes in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.30.466618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mem3DG: Modeling Membrane Mechanochemical Dynamics in 3D using Discrete Differential Geometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.30.466618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomembranes adopt varying morphologies that are vital to cellular functions. Many studies use computational modeling to understand how various mechanochemical factors contribute to membrane shape transformations. Compared to approximation-based methods (e.g., finite element method), the class of discrete mesh models offers greater flexibility to simulate complex physics and shapes in three dimensions; its formulation produces an efficient algorithm while maintaining coordinate-free geometric descriptions. However, ambiguities in geometric definitions in the discrete context have led to a lack of consensus on which discrete mesh model is theoretically and numerically optimal; a bijective relationship between the terms contributing to both the energy and forces from the discrete and smooth geometric theories remains to be established. We address this and present an extensible framework, Mem3DG, for modeling 3D mechanochemical dynamics of membranes based on Discrete Differential Geometry (DDG) on triangulated meshes. The formalism of DDG resolves the inconsistency and provides a unifying perspective on how to relate the smooth and discrete energy and forces. To demonstrate, Mem3DG is used to model a sequence of examples with increasing mechanochemical complexity: recovering classical shape transformations such as 1) biconcave disk, dumb-bell, and unduloid and 2) spherical bud on spherical, flat-patch membrane; investigating how the coupling of membrane mechanics with protein mobility jointly affects phase and shape transformation. As high-resolution 3D imaging of membrane ultrastructure becomes more readily available, we envision Mem3DG to be applied as an end-to-end tool to simulate realistic cell geometry under user-specified mechanochemical conditions.

Why it mattersCellular membranes have shapes and shape changes which characterize cells/organelles, and support nutrient trafficking among other critical processes. Modeling membrane shape changes using mechanical principles can provide insight into how cells robustly bend membranes to support life. Mathematical and computational strategies to solve the equations describing membrane shape evolution can be complex and challenging without simplifying assumptions. Here, we present a new, general, numerical approach to model arbitrary 3D membrane shapes in response to interaction with curvature sensing and generating membrane proteins. The accompanying implementation, Mem3DG, is a software tool to make computational membrane mechanics accessible to the general researcher.

HighlightsO_LIIntroduces a discrete theory for membrane mechanics which connects with smooth theory
C_LIO_LIDiscrete energy/force are functions of basic geometric quantities
C_LIO_LIRecipes for extending the discrete framework with additional physics are provided
C_LIO_LIDescribes a user-friendly software implementation called Mem3DG
C_LIO_LIMem3DG is designed to facilitate modeling in tandem with experimental studies
C_LI

Significance and noveltyHelfrich Hamiltonian is widely used to model biomembranes. Many numerical methods have been developed to solve the geometric PDE. Compared to approximation-based methods, discrete-mesh-based models have many advantages when incorporating multiphysics in 3D due to their flexibility, efficiency, and straightforward implementation. However, there is no consensus on which mesh-based model is optimal, and a connection between the discrete and smooth geometric theory remains obscure. In this work, we provide a unifying perspective by identifying fundamental geometric invariants of the discrete force derived from a discrete energy. As a demonstration of generality of the framework to various physics, we follow a formulaic procedure to derive additional physics such as interfacial line tension, surface-bulk adsorption, protein lateral diffusion, and curvature-dependent protein aggregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.30.466618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mem3DG: Modeling Membrane Mechanochemical Dynamics in 3D using Discrete Differential Geometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral context affects social signal representations within single primate prefrontal cortex neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We tested whether social signal processing in more traditional, head-restrained contexts is representative of the putative natural analog - social communication - by comparing responses to vocalizations within individual neurons in marmoset prefrontal cortex (PFC) across a series of behavioral contexts ranging from traditional to naturalistic. Although vocalization responsive neurons were evident in all contexts, cross-context consistency was notably limited. A response to these social signals when subjects were head-restrained was not predictive of a comparable neural response to the identical vocalizations during natural communication, even within the same neuron. Neural activity at the population level followed a similar pattern, as PFC activity could be reliably decoded for the context in which vocalizations were heard. This suggests that neural representations of social signals in primate PFC are not static, but highly flexible and likely reflect how nuances of the dynamic behavioral contexts affect the perception of these signals and what they communicate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishbein, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Mothe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral context affects social signal representations within single primate prefrontal cortex neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of a carbonic anhydrase-Rubisco supercomplex within the alpha-carboxysome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carboxysomes are proteinaceous organelles that encapsulate key enzymes of CO2 fixation - Rubisco and carbonic anhydrase - and are the centerpiece of the bacterial CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). In the CCM, actively accumulated cytosolic bicarbonate diffuses into the carboxysome and is converted to CO2 by carbonic anhydrase, producing a high CO2 concentration near Rubisco and ensuring efficient carboxylation. Self-assembly of the -carboxysome is orchestrated by the intrinsically disordered scaffolding protein, CsoS2, which interacts with both Rubisco and carboxysomal shell proteins, but it is unknown how the carbonic anhydrase, CsoSCA, is incorporated into the -carboxysome. Here, we present the structural basis of carbonic anhydrase encapsulation into -carboxysomes from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus. We find that CsoSCA interacts directly with Rubisco via an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain. A 1.98 [A] single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of Rubisco in complex with this peptide reveals that CsoSCA binding is predominantly mediated by a network of hydrogen bonds. CsoSCAs binding site overlaps with that of CsoS2 but the two proteins utilize substantially different motifs and modes of binding, revealing a plasticity of the Rubisco binding site. Our results advance the understanding of carboxysome biogenesis and highlight the importance of Rubisco, not only as an enzyme, but also as a central hub for mediating assembly through protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blikstad, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remis, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.05.467472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of a carbonic anhydrase-Rubisco supercomplex within the alpha-carboxysome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PatchWarp: Corrections of non-uniform image distortions in two-photon calcium imaging data by patchwork affine transformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two-photon microscopy has been widely used to record the activity of populations of individual neurons at high spatial resolution in behaving animals. The ability to perform imaging for an extended period of time allows the investigation of activity changes associated with behavioral states and learning. However, imaging often accompanies shifts of the imaging field, including rapid ([~]100ms) translation and slow, spatially non-uniform distortion. To combat this issue and obtain a stable time series of the target structures, motion correction algorithms are commonly applied. However, typical motion correction algorithms are limited to full field translation of images and are unable to correct non-uniform distortions. Here, we developed a novel algorithm, PatchWarp, to robustly correct slow image distortion for calcium imaging data. PatchWarp is a two-step algorithm with rigid and non-rigid image registrations. To correct non-uniform image distortions, it splits the imaging field and estimates the best affine transformation matrix for each of the subfields. The distortion-corrected subfields are stitched together like a patchwork to reconstruct the distortion-corrected imaging field. We show that PatchWarp robustly corrects image distortions of calcium imaging data collected from various cortical areas through glass window or GRIN lens with a higher accuracy than existing non-rigid algorithms. Furthermore, it provides a fully automated method of registering images from different imaging sessions for longitudinal neural activity analyses. PatchWarp improves the quality of neural activity analyses and would be useful as a general approach to correct image distortions in a wide range of disciplines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hattori, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PatchWarp: Corrections of non-uniform image distortions in two-photon calcium imaging data by patchwork affine transformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intestinal Transgene Delivery with Native  E. coli  Chassis Allows Persistent Physiological Changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.11.468006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Live bacterial therapeutics (LBT) could reverse disease by engrafting in the gut and providing persistent beneficial functions in the host. However, attempts to functionally manipulate the gut microbiome of conventionally-raised (CR) hosts have been unsuccessful, because engineered microbial organisms (i.e., chassis) cannot colonize the hostile luminal environment. In this proof-of-concept study, we use native bacteria as chassis for transgene delivery to impact CR host physiology. Native Escherichia coli isolated from stool cultures of CR mice were modified to express functional bacterial (bile salt hydrolase) and eukaryotic (Interleukin-10) genes. Reintroduction of these strains induces perpetual engraftment in the intestine. In addition, engineered native E. coli can induce functional changes that affect host physiology and reverse pathology in CR hosts months after administration. Thus, using native bacteria as chassis to "knock-in" specific functions allows mechanistic studies of specific microbial activities in the microbiome of CR hosts, and enables LBT with curative intent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russell, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saran, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingaraju, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siguenza, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maissy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dantas Machado, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyamoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarrinpar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.468006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intestinal Transgene Delivery with Native  E. coli  Chassis Allows Persistent Physiological Changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchrony and idiosyncrasy in the gut microbiome of wild primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human gut microbial dynamics are highly individualized, making it challenging to link microbiota to health and to design universal microbiome therapies. This individuality is typically attributed to variation in host genetics, diets, environments, and medications, but it could also emerge from fundamental ecological forces that shape microbiota more generally. Here we leverage extensive gut microbial time series from wild baboons--hosts who experience little interindividual dietary and environmental heterogeneity--to test whether gut microbial dynamics are synchronized across hosts or largely idiosyncratic. Despite their shared lifestyles, baboon microbiome dynamics were only weakly synchronized. The strongest synchrony occurred among baboons living in the same social group, likely because group members range over the same habitat and simultaneously encounter the same sources of food and water. However, this synchrony was modest compared to each hosts personalized dynamics. Indeed, host-specific factors, especially host identity, explained 10 times the deviance in longitudinal microbial dynamics, compared to factors shared across hosts. These results contribute to mounting evidence that highly idiosyncratic gut microbiomes are not an artifact of modern human environments, and that synchronizing forces in the gut microbiome (e.g., shared environments, diets, and microbial dispersal) are often not strong enough to overwhelm drivers of microbiome personalization, including host genetics, priority effects, horizontal gene transfer, and functional redundancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bjork, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasari, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grieneisen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grenier, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yotova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gesquiere, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Learn, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wango, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mututua, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warutere, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siodi, L. i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreiro, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberts, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blekhman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchrony and idiosyncrasy in the gut microbiome of wild primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.26.470088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of Human-specific Alleles Protecting Cognitive Function of Grandmothers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.26.470088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Late-onset Alzheimers Disease (LOAD) pathology is rare in our closest living evolutionary relatives (chimpanzees), which also express much lower microglial levels of CD33(Siglec-3)-a myelomonocytic receptor inhibiting innate immune reactivity by extracellular V-set domain recognition of sialic acid(Sia)-containing "self-associated molecular patterns" (SAMPs). We earlier showed that V-set domain-deficient CD33-variant allele, protective against LOAD, is derived and specific to hominin-lineage. We now report that CD33 also harbors multiple hominin-specific V-set domain mutations and explore selection forces that may have favored such genomic changes. N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the preferred Sia-ligand of ancestral CD33 is absent in humans, due to hominin-specific, fixed loss-of-function mutation in CMAH, which generates CMP-Neu5Gc from its precursor, CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Extensive mutational analysis and MD-simulations indicate that fixed change in amino acid 21 of hominin V-set domain and conformational changes related to His45 corrected for Neu5Gc-loss by switching to Neu5Ac-recognition. Considering immune-evasive "molecular mimicry" of SAMPs by pathogens, we found that human-specific pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Group B Streptococcus (affecting fertility and fetuses/neonates respectively) selectively bind huCD33 and this binding is significantly impacted by amino acid 21 modification. Alongside LOAD-protective CD33 alleles, humans harbor additional, derived, population-universal, cognition-protective variants absent in "great ape" genomes. Interestingly, 11 of 13 SNPs in these human genes (including CD33), that protect the cognitive health of elderly populations, are not shared by genomes of archaic hominins: Neanderthals and Denisovans. Finally, we present a plausible evolutionary scenario to compile, correlate and comprehend existing knowledge about huCD33 evolution and suggest that grandmothering emerged in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhagen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akey, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagneux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.26.470088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of Human-specific Alleles Protecting Cognitive Function of Grandmothers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functionalizing lipid sponge droplets with DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleic acids are among the most versatile molecules for the construction of biomimetic systems because they can serve as information carriers and programmable construction materials. How nucleic acids interact with membranous coacervate compartments such as lipid sponge droplets is not known. Here we systematically characterize the potential of DNA to functionalize lipid sponge droplets and demonstrate a strong size dependence for sequestration into the sponge phase. Double stranded DNA molecules of more than 300 bp are excluded and form a corona on the surface of droplets they are targeted to. Shorter DNA molecules partition efficiently into the lipid sponge phase and can direct DNA-templated reactions to droplets. We demonstrate repeated capture and release of labeled DNA strands by dynamic hybridization and strand displacement reactions that occur inside droplets. Our system opens new opportunities for DNA-encoded functions in lipid sponge droplets such as cargo control and signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederholtmeyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functionalizing lipid sponge droplets with DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COVID-19 lung disease shares driver AT2 cytopathic features with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn the aftermath of Covid-19, some patients develop a fibrotic lung disease, i.e., post-COVID-19 lung disease (PCLD), for which we currently lack insights into pathogenesis, disease models, or treatment options.

MethodUsing an AI-guided approach, we analyzed > 1000 human lung transcriptomic datasets associated with various lung conditions using two viral pandemic signatures (ViP and sViP) and one covid lung-derived signature. Upon identifying similarities between COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we subsequently dissected the basis for such similarity from molecular, cytopathic, and immunologic perspectives using a panel of IPF-specific gene signatures, alongside signatures of alveolar type II (AT2) cytopathies and of prognostic monocyte-driven processes that are known drivers of IPF. Transcriptome-derived findings were used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the major triggers of AT2 dysfunction. Key findings were validated in hamster and human adult lung organoid (ALO) pre-clinical models of COVID-19 using immunohistochemistry and qPCR.

FindingsCOVID-19 resembles IPF at a fundamental level; it recapitulates the gene expression patterns (ViP and IPF signatures), cytokine storm (IL15-centric), and the AT2 cytopathic changes, e.g., injury, DNA damage, arrest in a transient, damage-induced progenitor state, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These immunocytopathic features were induced in pre-clinical COVID models (ALO and hamster) and reversed with effective anti-CoV-2 therapeutics in hamsters. PPI-network analyses pinpointed ER stress as one of the shared early triggers of both diseases, and IHC studies validated the same in the lungs of deceased subjects with COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-challenged hamster lungs. Lungs from tg-mice, in which ER stress is induced specifically in the AT2 cells, faithfully recapitulate the host immune response and alveolar cytopathic changes that are induced by SARS-CoV-2.

InterpretationLike IPF, COVID-19 may be driven by injury-induced ER stress that culminates into progenitor state arrest and SASP in AT2 cells. The ViP signatures in monocytes may be key determinants of prognosis. The insights, signatures, disease models identified here are likely to spur the development of therapies for patients with IPF and other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases.

FundingThis work was supported by the National Institutes for Health grants R01-GM138385 and AI155696 and funding from the Tobacco-Related disease Research Program (R01RG3780).

One Sentence SummarySevere COVID-19 triggers cellular processes seen in fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease

RESEARCH IN CONTEXTO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSIn its aftermath, the COVID-19 pandemic has left many survivors, almost a third of those who recovered, with a mysterious long-haul form of the disease which culminates in a fibrotic form of interstitial lung disease (post-COVID-19 ILD). Post-COVID-19 ILD remains a largely unknown entity. Currently, we lack insights into the core cytopathic features that drive this condition.

Added value of this studyUsing an AI-guided approach, which involves the use of sets of gene signatures, protein-protein network analysis, and a hamster model of COVID-19, we have revealed here that COVID-19 -lung fibrosis resembles IPF, the most common form of ILD, at a fundamental level--showing similar gene expression patterns in the lungs and blood, and dysfunctional AT2 processes (ER stress, telomere instability, progenitor cell arrest, and senescence). These findings are insightful because AT2 cells are known to contain an elegant quality control network to respond to intrinsic or extrinsic stress; a failure of such quality control results in diverse cellular phenotypes, of which ER stress appears to be a point of convergence, which appears to be sufficient to drive downstream fibrotic remodeling in the lung.

Implications of all the available evidenceBecause unbiased computational methods identified the shared fundamental aspects of gene expression and cellular processes between COVID-19 and IPF, the impact of our findings is likely to go beyond COVID-19 or any viral pandemic. The insights, tools (disease models, gene signatures, and biomarkers), and mechanisms identified here are likely to spur the development of therapies for patients with IPF and, other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases, all of whom have limited or no treatment options. To dissect the validated prognostic biomarkers to assess and track the risk of pulmonary fibrosis and develop therapeutics to halt fibrogenic progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COVID-19 lung disease shares driver AT2 cytopathic features with Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MuDCoD: Multi-Subject Community Detection in Personalized Dynamic Gene Networks from Single Cell RNA Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWith the wide availability of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technology, population-scale scRNA-seq datasets across multiple individuals and time points are emerging. While the initial investigations of these datasets tend to focus on standard analysis of clustering and differential expression, leveraging the power of scRNA-seq data at the personalized dynamic gene co-expression network level has the potential to unlock subject and/or time-specific network-level variation, which is critical for understanding phenotypic differences. Community detection from co-expression networks of multiple time points or conditions has been well-studied; however, none of the existing settings included networks from multiple subjects and multiple time points simultaneously. To address this, we develop MuDCoD for multi-subject community detection in personalized dynamic gene networks from scRNA-seq. MuDCoD builds on the spectral clustering framework and promotes information sharing among the networks of the subjects as well as networks at different time points. It clusters genes in the personalized dynamic gene networks and reveals gene communities that are variable or shared not only across time but also among subjects.

ResultsEvaluation and benchmarking of MuDCoD against existing approaches reveal that MuDCoD effectively leverages apparent shared signals among networks of the subjects at individual time points, and performs robustly when there is no or little information sharing among the networks. Applications to population-scale scRNA-seq datasets of human-induced pluripotent stem cells during dopaminergic neuron differentiation and CD4+ T cell activation indicate that MuDCoD enables robust inference for identifying time-varying personalized gene modules. Our results illustrate how personalized dynamic community detection can aid in the exploration of subject-specific biological processes that vary across time.

AvailabilityMuDCoD is publicly available at https://github.com/bo1929/MuDCoD as a Python package. Implementation includes simulation and real-data experiments together with extensive documentation.

Contactkeles@stat.wisc.edu, otastan@sabanciuniv.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sapci, A. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tastan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MuDCoD: Multi-Subject Community Detection in Personalized Dynamic Gene Networks from Single Cell RNA Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Online Phylogenetics using Parsimony Produces Slightly Better Trees and is Dramatically More Efficient for Large SARS-CoV-2 Phylogenies than de novo and Maximum-Likelihood Approaches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetics has been foundational to SARS-CoV-2 research and public health policy, assisting in genomic surveillance, contact tracing, and assessing emergence and spread of new variants. However, phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 have often relied on tools designed for de novo phylogenetic inference, in which all data are collected before any analysis is performed and the phylogeny is inferred once from scratch. SARS-CoV-2 datasets do not fit this mould. There are currently over 10 million sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes in online databases, with tens of thousands of new genomes added every day. Continuous data collection, combined with the public health relevance of SARS-CoV-2, invites an "online" approach to phylogenetics, in which new samples are added to existing phylogenetic trees every day. The extremely dense sampling of SARS-CoV-2 genomes also invites a comparison between likelihood and parsimony approaches to phylogenetic inference. Maximum likelihood (ML) methods are more accurate when there are multiple changes at a single site on a single branch, but this accuracy comes at a large computational cost, and the dense sampling of SARS-CoV-2 genomes means that these instances will be extremely rare because each internal branch is expected to be extremely short. Therefore, it may be that approaches based on maximum parsimony (MP) are sufficiently accurate for reconstructing phylogenies of SARS-CoV-2, and their simplicity means that they can be applied to much larger datasets. Here, we evaluate the performance of de novo and online phylogenetic approaches, and ML and MP frameworks, for inferring large and dense SARS-CoV-2 phylogenies. Overall, we find that online phylogenetics produces similar phylogenetic trees to de novo analyses for SARS-CoV-2, and that MP optimizations produce more accurate SARS-CoV-2 phylogenies than do ML optimizations. Since MP is thousands of times faster than presently available implementations of ML and online phylogenetics is faster than de novo, we therefore propose that, in the context of comprehensive genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, MP online phylogenetics approaches should be favored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thornlow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Maio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBroome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfear, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.471004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Online Phylogenetics using Parsimony Produces Slightly Better Trees and is Dramatically More Efficient for Large SARS-CoV-2 Phylogenies than de novo and Maximum-Likelihood Approaches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.470766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pandemic-scale phylogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.470766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.Phylogenetics has been central to the genomic surveillance, epidemiology and contact tracing efforts during the COVD-19 pandemic. But the massive scale of genomic sequencing has rendered the pre-pandemic tools inadequate for comprehensive phylogenetic analyses. Here, we discuss the phylogenetic package that we developed to address the needs imposed by this pandemic. The package incorporates several pandemic-specific optimization and parallelization techniques and comprises four programs: UShER, matOptimize, RIPPLES and matUtils. Using high-performance computing, UShER and matOptimize maintain and refine daily a massive mutation-annotated phylogenetic tree consisting of all SARS-CoV-2 sequences available in online repositories. With UShER and RIPPLES, individual labs - even with modest compute resources - incorporate newly-sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes on this phylogeny and discover evidence for recombination in real-time. With matUtils, they rapidly query and visualize massive SARS-CoV-2 phylogenies. These tools have empowered scientists worldwide to study the SARS-CoV-2 evolution and transmission at an unprecedented scale, resolution and speed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornlow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBroome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.470766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pandemic-scale phylogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A remote lecture series roadmap to equity, diversity, and inclusion in STEM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disparities for women and minorities in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers have continued even amidst mounting evidence for the superior performance of diverse workforces. In response, we launched the Diversity and Science Lecture series, a cross-institutional platform where junior life scientists present their research and comment on equity, diversity, and inclusion in STEM. We characterize speaker representation from 79 profiles and investigate topic noteworthiness via quantitative content analysis of talk transcripts. Nearly every speaker discussed interpersonal support, and three-fifths of speakers commented on race or ethnicity. Other topics, such as sexual and gender minority identity, were less frequently addressed but highly salient to the speakers who mentioned them. We found that significantly co-occurring topics reflected not only conceptual similarity, such as terms for racial identities, but also intersectional significance, such as identifying as a Latina/Hispanic woman or Asian immigrant, and interactions between priorities and identities, including the heightened value of friendship to the LGBTQ community, which we reproduce using transcripts from an independent seminar series. Our approach to scholar profiles and talk transcripts serves as an example for transmuting hundreds of hours of scholarly discourse into rich datasets that can power computational audits of speaker diversity and illuminate speakers personal and professional priorities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boyle, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmok, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izidro Layng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balotin, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuoco, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecklu-Mensah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakaki, A. K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Arceo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagannatha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DASL Alliance,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.05.471284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A remote lecture series roadmap to equity, diversity, and inclusion in STEM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LungMAP Portal Ecosystem: Systems-Level Exploration of the Lung 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An improved understanding of the human lung necessitates advanced systems models informed by an ever-increasing repertoire of molecular omics, cellular, imaging and pathological datasets. To centralize and standardize information across broad lung research efforts we expanded the LungMAP.net website into a gateway portal. This portal connects a broad-spectrum of research networks, bulk and single-cell multi-omics data and a diverse collection of image data that span mammalian lung development and disease. The data are standardized across species and technologies using harmonized data and metadata models that leverage recent advances including those from the Human Cell Atlas, diverse ontologies, and the LungMAP CellCards initiative. To cultivate future discoveries, we have aggregated a diverse collection of single-cell atlases for multiple species (human, rhesus, mouse), to enable consistent queries across technologies, cohorts, age, disease and drug treatment. These atlases are provided as independent and integrated queriable datasets, with an emphasis on dynamic visualization, figure generation and reference-based classification of user-provided datasets (Azimuth). As this resource grows, we intend to increase the breadth of available interactive interfaces, data portals and datasets from LungMAP and external research efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaddis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortriede, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardes, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouril, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardini-Poleske, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munshi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herbst, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitzmiller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clair, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisey, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsett, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heathorn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasath, V. B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronow, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomonis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.05.471312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LungMAP Portal Ecosystem: Systems-Level Exploration of the Lung]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design of M protein immunogens to elicit broadly reactive antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coiled coil-forming M proteins of the widespread and potentially deadly bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) are immunodominant targets of opsonizing antibodies. However, antigenic sequence variability into >220 M types, as defined by the M protein hypervariable region (HVR), has been considered to limit its utility as a vaccine immunogen due to type-specificity in the antibody response. Surprisingly, a multi-HVR immunogen in clinical vaccine trials elicited M type cross-reactivity. The basis for this cross-reactivity is unknown but may be due in part to antibody recognition of a three-dimensional (3D) pattern conserved in many M protein HVRs that confers binding to human C4b-binding protein (C4BP). To test this hypothesis, we asked whether a single M protein immunogen carrying the 3D pattern would elicit cross-reactivity against other M types carrying the 3D pattern. We found that a 34-amino acid sequence of M2 protein bearing the 3D pattern retained full C4BP-binding capacity when fused to a coiled coil-stabilizing sequence from GCN4. This immunogen, called M2G, elicited cross-reactive antibodies against a number of M types that carry the 3D pattern but not against those that lack the 3D pattern. The M2G antiserum recognized M proteins as displayed natively on the Strep A surface, and promoted the opsonophagocytic killing of Strep A strains expressing these M proteins. As C4BP-binding is a conserved virulence trait of Strep A, targeting the 3D pattern may prove advantageous in vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design of M protein immunogens to elicit broadly reactive antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vascular proteome responses precede organ dysfunction in sepsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular dysfunction and organ failure are two distinct, albeit highly interconnected clinical outcomes linked to morbidity and mortality in human sepsis. The mechanisms driving vascular and parenchymal damage are dynamic and display significant molecular crosstalk between organs and tissues. Therefore, assessing their individual contribution to disease progression is technically challenging. Here, we hypothesize that dysregulated vascular responses predispose the organism to organ failure. To address this hypothesis, we have evaluated four major organs in a murine model of S. aureus sepsis by combining in vivo labeling of the endothelial proteome, data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry, and an integrative computational pipeline. The data reveal, with unprecedented depth and throughput, that a septic insult evokes organ-specific proteome responses that are highly compartmentalized, synchronously coordinated, and significantly correlated with the progression of the disease. Vascular proteome changes were found to precede bacterial invasion and leukocyte infiltration into the organs, as well as to precede changes in various well-established cellular and biochemical correlates of systemic coagulopathy and tissue dysfunction. Importantly, our data suggests a potential role for the vascular proteome as a determinant of the susceptibility of the organs to undergo failure during sepsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, C. A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmström, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Toledo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vascular proteome responses precede organ dysfunction in sepsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine D2Rs Coordinate Cue-Evoked Changes in Striatal Acetylcholine Levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the striatum, acetylcholine (ACh) neuron activity is modulated co-incident with dopamine (DA) release in response to unpredicted rewards and reward predicting cues and both neuromodulators are thought to regulate each other. While this co-regulation has been studied using stimulation studies, the existence of this mutual regulation in vivo during natural behavior is still largely unexplored. One long-standing controversy has been whether striatal DA is responsible for the induction of the cholinergic pause or whether D2R modulate a pause that is induced by other mechanisms. Here, we used genetically encoded sensors in combination with pharmacological and genetic inactivation of D2Rs from cholinergic interneurons (CINs) to simultaneously measure ACh and DA levels after CIN D2R inactivation. We found that CIN D2Rs are not necessary for the induction of cue induced dips in ACh levels but regulate dip lengths and rebound ACh levels. Importantly, D2R inactivation strongly decreased the temporal correlation between DA and Ach signals not only at cue presentation but also during the intertrial interval. This points to a general mechanism by which D2Rs coordinate both signals. At the behavioral level D2R antagonism increased the latency to lever press, which was not observed in CIN-selective D2R knock out mice. This latency correlated with the cue evoked dip length supporting a role of the ACh dip and its regulation by D2Rs in motivated behavior. Overall, our data indicate that striatal DA coordinate phasic ACh and DA signals via CIN D2Rs which is important for the regulation of motivated behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellendonk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martyniuk, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Herraez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labouesse, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine D2Rs Coordinate Cue-Evoked Changes in Striatal Acetylcholine Levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.10.472112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Spike triggers barrier dysfunction and vascular leak via integrins and TGF-β signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.10.472112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe COVID-19 is associated with epithelial and endothelial barrier dysfunction within the lung as well as in distal organs. While it is appreciated that an exaggerated inflammatory response is associated with barrier dysfunction, the triggers of this pathology are unclear. Here, we report that cell-intrinsic interactions between the Spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and epithelial/endothelial cells are sufficient to trigger barrier dysfunction in vitro and vascular leak in vivo, independently of viral replication and the ACE2 receptor. We identify an S-triggered transcriptional response associated with extracellular matrix reorganization and TGF-{beta} signaling. Using genetic knockouts and specific inhibitors, we demonstrate that glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and the TGF-{beta} signaling axis are required for S-mediated barrier dysfunction. Our findings suggest that S interactions with barrier cells are a contributing factor to COVID-19 disease severity and offer mechanistic insight into SARS-CoV-2 triggered vascular leak, providing a starting point for development of therapies targeting COVID-19 pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biering, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tramontini Gomes de Sousa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjang, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pahmeier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthington, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasner, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo-Rojas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servellita, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warnes, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Carreno, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.10.472112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Spike triggers barrier dysfunction and vascular leak via integrins and TGF-β signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomics of Acinetobacter baumannii and therapeutic bacteriophages from a patient undergoing phage therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2016, a 68-year-old patient with a disseminated multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection was treated using lytic bacteriophages in one of the first modern human clinical uses of phage therapy in the United States. Due to the emergency nature of the treatment there was little time to thoroughly characterize the phages used in this intervention or the pathogen itself. Here we report the genomes of the nine phages used for treatment and three strains of A. baumannii isolated prior to and during treatment. The eight phages used in the initial treatment were found to be a group of closely related T4-like myophages; the ninth phage, AbTP3{Phi}1, was found to be an unrelated Fri1-like podophage. Analysis of 19 A. baumannii isolates collected before and during phage treatment showed that resistance to the T4-like phages appeared as early as two days following the start of treatment. Three A. baumannii strains (TP1, TP2 and TP3) collected before and during treatment were sequenced to closure, and all contained a 3.9 Mb chromosome of sequence type 570 with a KL116 capsule locus and identical 8.7 kb plasmids. Phage-insensitive mutants of A. baumannii strain TP1 were generated in vitro and the majority of identified mutations were located in the bacterial capsule locus. The presence of the same mutation in both the in vitro mutants and in phage-insensitive isolates TP2 and TP3, which evolved in vivo during phage treatment, indicate that in vitro investigations can produce results that are relevant and predictive for the in vivo environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Morales, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop-Lilly, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinones, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomics of Acinetobacter baumannii and therapeutic bacteriophages from a patient undergoing phage therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguishing COVID-19 infection and vaccination history by T cell reactivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines elicit memory T cell responses. Here, we report the development of two new pools of Experimentally-defined T cell epitopes derived from the non-spike Remainder of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome (CD4RE and CD8RE). The combination of T cell responses to these new pools and Spike (S) were used to discriminate four groups of subjects with different SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine status: non-infected, non-vaccinated (I-V-); infected and non-vaccinated (I+V-); infected and then vaccinated (I+V+); and non-infected and vaccinated (I-V+). The overall classification accuracy based on 30 subjects/group was 89.2% in the original cohort and 88.5% in a validation cohort of 96 subjects. The T cell classification scheme was applicable to different mRNA vaccines, and different lengths of time post-infection/post-vaccination. T cell responses from breakthrough infections (infected vaccinees, V+I+) were also effectively segregated from the responses of vaccinated subjects using the same classification tool system. When all five groups where combined, for a total of 239 different subjects, the classification scheme performance was 86.6%. We anticipate that a T cell-based immunodiagnostic scheme able to classify subjects based on their vaccination and natural infection history will be an important tool for longitudinal monitoring of vaccination and aid in establishing SARS-CoV-2 correlates of protection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrigan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galvez, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva Antunes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguishing COVID-19 infection and vaccination history by T cell reactivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural signature of everyday function in older adults at-risk of cognitive impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assessment of everyday activities are central to the diagnosis of pre-dementia and dementia. Yet, little is known about the brain substrates and processes that contribute to everyday functional impairment, particularly during early stages of cognitive decline. We investigated everyday function using a complex gait task in normal older adults stratified by risk of cognitive impairment. We applied a novel EEG approach, which combines electroencephalographic with 3D-body tracking technology to measure brain-gait dynamics with millisecond precision while participants are in motion. Twenty-six participants (mean age = 74.9 years) with cognitive and everyday functional profiles within the normal range for their age and sex were ranked for risk of cognitive impairment. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment battery, a global index of cognition with a range from 0 to 30, to classify individuals as being at higher (22-26) and lower risk (27+). Individuals walking on a treadmill were exposed to visual perturbation designed to destabilize gait. Assuming that brain changes precede behavioral decline, we predicted that older adults increase step width to gain stability, yet the underlying neural signatures would be different for lower versus higher risk individuals. When pooling across risk groups, we found that step width increased and fronto-parietal activation shifted from transient, during swing phases, to sustained across the gait cycle during visually perturbed input. As predicted, step width increased in both groups but underlying neural signatures were different. Fronto-medial theta (3-7Hz) power of gait-related brain oscillations were increased in higher risk individuals during both perturbed and unperturbed inputs. On the other hand, left central gyri beta (13-28Hz) power was decreased in lower risk individuals, specifically during visually perturbed input. Finally, relating MoCA scores to spectral power pooled across fronto-parietal regions, we found associations between increased theta power and worse MoCA scores and between decreased beta power and better MoCA scores.Able-bodied older adults at-risk of cognitive impairment are characterized by unique neural signatures of mobility. Stronger reliance on frontomedial theta activation in at-risk individuals may reflect higher-order compensatory responses for deterioration of basic sensorimotor processes. Region and spectral-specific signatures of mobility may provide brain targets for early intervention against everyday functional decline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Sanctis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molholm, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foxe, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horsthuis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural signature of everyday function in older adults at-risk of cognitive impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomes and metabolism define mouse and human MAIT cell heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes that respond to microbial metabolites. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolic analyses of MAIT cell subsets in thymus and peripheral tissues from mice and humans to define the heterogeneity and developmental pathway of these innate-like lymphocytes. We show that the predominant mouse subset, which produces IL-17 (MAIT17), and the subset that produces IFN{gamma} (MAIT1), have greatly different transcriptomes and metabolic states in the thymus and periphery. A splenic MAIT subset has a transcriptome similar to circulating lymphocytes, and in mice these also are found in recent thymic emigrants, suggesting partially mature cells emigrate from the thymus. Human MAIT cells are predominantly MAIT1 cells, but have a different metabolism from their mouse counterparts with increased fatty acid uptake and storage. Although mouse and human subsets are similar in thymus, in the periphery they diverge, likely reflecting environmental influences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riffelmacher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chawla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Suastegui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castelan, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seumois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Premlal, A. L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verstichel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamberti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheroutre, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottensmeier, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedrick, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayanand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomes and metabolism define mouse and human MAIT cell heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Denmark 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a major global health problem as it leads to hospital outbreaks all over the world and is becoming more difficult to treat due to its increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Optimization and development of new treatments of KP requires understanding of its population structure and AMR properties. Therefore, in this study, we collected and sequenced 491 KP strains from four major Danish microbiology departments covering 51% of the Danish population. The isolates were whole genome sequenced (WGS), phenotypically characterized and compared with 2,124 KP strains from 13 different countries (PATRIC strains). We found that while genomic content varies significantly across the Danish strains, they also differ significantly from strains from other countries, due to the lack of certain AMR sequence types (e.g. ST258 and ST307) in Denmark. Genomic and experimental analysis suggest that Danish strains contain fewer virulence mechanisms and are more susceptible to antimicrobials compared to strains from other countries, likely due to the relatively low antibiotic usage in Denmark where 70% of hospital antibiotic usage is penicillins. We also identified potential novel AMR determinants to tigecycline through statistical analysis of genomic and phenotypic data. To conclude, we obtained a more comprehensive understanding of the KP strains in Denmark and provided valuable insights for future experiments and strategies to combat AMR in KP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellermann-Eriksen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Denmark]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A vascularized 3D model of the human pancreatic islet for ex vivo study of immune cell-islet interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.473744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin is an essential regulator of blood glucose homeostasis that is produced exclusively by {beta} cells within the pancreatic islets of healthy individuals. In those affected by diabetes, immune inflammation, damage, and destruction of islet {beta} cells leads to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Current efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying {beta} cell damage in diabetes rely on in vitro-cultured cadaveric islets. However, isolation of these islets involves removal of crucial matrix and vasculature that supports islets in the intact pancreas. Unsurprisingly, these islets demonstrate reduced functionality over time in standard culture conditions, thereby limiting their value for understanding native islet biology. Leveraging a novel, vascularized micro-organ (VMO) approach, we have recapitulated elements of the native pancreas by incorporating isolated human islets within a three-dimensional matrix nourished by living, perfusable blood vessels. Importantly, these islets show long-term viability and maintain robust glucose-stimulated insulin responses. Furthermore, vessel-mediated delivery of immune cells to these tissues provides a model to assess islet-immune cell interactions and subsequent islet killing -- key steps in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Together, these results establish the islet-VMO as a novel, ex vivo platform for studying human islet biology in both health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bender, R. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shergill, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juat, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatch, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirure, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wortham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Ngoc, K.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaetani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teyton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.473744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A vascularized 3D model of the human pancreatic islet for ex vivo study of immune cell-islet interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Theta oscillations in the prefrontal-hippocampal circuit do not couple to respiration-related oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oscillatory activity is thought to coordinate neural computations across brain regions, and theta oscillations are critical for learning and memory. Because the frequency of respiratory-related oscillations (RROs) in rodents can overlap with the frequency of theta in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus, we asked whether odor-cued working memory may be supported by coupling between these two oscillations. We first confirmed that RROs are propagated to the hippocampus and PFC and that RRO frequency overlaps with canonical theta frequency. However, we found low coherence between RROs and local theta oscillations in the hippocampus-PFC network when the two types of oscillations overlapped in frequency. This effect was observed during all behavioral phases including during movement and while odors were actively sampled when stationary. Despite the similarity in frequency, RROs and theta oscillations therefore appear to be limited to supporting computation in distinct networks, which suggests that sustained long-range coordination between oscillation patterns that depend on separate pacemakers is not necessary to support at least one type of working memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srikanth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Theta oscillations in the prefrontal-hippocampal circuit do not couple to respiration-related oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systems approach discovers the role and characteristics of seven LysR type transcription factors in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although Escherichia coli K-12 strains represent perhaps the best known model bacteria, we do not know the identity or functions of all of their transcription factors (TFs). It is now possible to systematically discover the physiological function of TFs in E. coli BW25113 using a set of synergistic methods; including ChIP-exo, growth phenotyping, conserved gene clustering, and transcriptome analysis. Among 47 LysR-type TFs (LTFs) found on the E. coli K-12 genome, many regulate nitrogen source utilization or amino acid metabolism. However, 19 LTFs remain unknown. In this study, we elucidated the regulation of seven of these 19 LTFs: YbdO, YbeF, YgfI, YiaU, YneJ, YcaN, YbhD. We show that: 1) YbdO regulation has an effect on bacterial growth at low pH with citrate supplementation. YbdO is a repressor of the ybdNM operon and is implicated in the regulation of citrate lyase genes (citCDEFG); 2) YgfI activates the dhaKLM operon that encodes the phosphotransferase system involved in glycerol and dihydroxyacetone utilization; 3) YiaU regulates the yiaT gene encoding an outer membrane protein, and waaPSBOJYZU operon is also important in determining cell density at the stationary phase; 4) YneJ, re-named here as PtrR, directly regulates the expression of the succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Sad (also known as YneI), and is a predicted regulator of fnrS (a small RNA molecule). PtrR is important for bacterial growth in the presence of L-glutamate and putrescine as nitrogen sources; and 5) YbhD and YcaN regulate adjacent y-genes on the genome and YbeF is involved in flagella gene regulation. We have thus established the functions for four LTFs and identified the target genes for three LTFs.

IMPORTANCEThe reconstruction of the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is important for gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli. LysR-type TFs are abundant in Enterobacteria, but many LTF functions still remain unknown. Here we report putative functions of uncharacterized TFs based on multi-omics data related to L-threonine, L-glutamate, and putrescine utilization. Amino acids (AAs) and polyamines are important sources of nitrogen for many microorganisms, but the increase in one amino acid or putrescine concentration in a minimal medium also induces stress. Although polyamine metabolism has been studied, the TRN that controls the putrescine (Ptr) and AA utilization at minimal medium conditions are still poorly understood. The function of previously uncharacterized transcriptional regulators YbdO, YgfI, and YneJ (PtrR) were identified in Escherichia coli. PtrR is important for Ptr and L-glutamate utilization, while YgfI transcriptional regulation was found to be important for growth on L-threonine and glycerol as a carbon source.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodionova, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saier, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodionov, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systems approach discovers the role and characteristics of seven LysR type transcription factors in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.27.474267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mistimed feeding disrupts circadian rhythms of male mating behavior and female preovulatory LH surges in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.27.474267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In rodents, eating at atypical circadian times, such as during the biological rest phase when feeding is normally minimal, reduces fertility. Prior findings suggest this fertility impairment is due, at least in part, to reduced mating success. However, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying this reproductive suppression are not known. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mistimed feeding-induced infertility is due to a disruption in the normal circadian timing of mating behavior and/or the generation of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surges (estrogen positive feedback). In the first experiment, male+female mouse pairs, acclimated to be food restricted to either the light (mistimed feeding) or dark (control feeding) phase, were scored for mounting frequency and ejaculations over 96 hours. Male mounting behavior and ejaculations were distributed much more widely across the day in light-fed mice than in dark-fed controls and fewer light-fed males ejaculated. In the second experiment, the timing of the LH surge, a well characterized circadian event driven by estradiol (E2) and the SCN, was analyzed from serial blood samples taken from ovariectomized and E2-primed female mice that were light-, dark-, or ad-lib-fed. LH concentrations peaked 2h after lights-off in both dark-fed and ad-lib control females, as expected, but not in light-fed females. Instead, the normally clustered LH surges were distributed widely with high inter-mouse variability in the light-fed group. These data indicate that mistimed feeding disrupts the temporal control of the neural processes underlying both ovulation and mating behavior, contributing to subfertility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kukino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walbeek, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watt, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauffman, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.27.474267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mistimed feeding disrupts circadian rhythms of male mating behavior and female preovulatory LH surges in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.474952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of bacterial anti-phage signaling by a WYL domain transcription factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.474952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria use diverse immune systems to defend themselves from ubiquitous viruses termed bacteriophages (phages). Many anti-phage systems function by abortive infection to kill a phage-infected cell, raising the question of how they are regulated to avoid cell killing outside the context of infection. Here, we identify a transcription factor associated with the widespread CBASS bacterial immune system, that we term CapW. CapW forms a homodimer and binds a palindromic DNA sequence in the CBASS promoter region. Two crystal structures of CapW suggest that the protein switches from an unliganded, DNA binding-competent state to a ligand-bound state unable to bind DNA. We show that CapW strongly represses CBASS gene expression in uninfected cells, and that phage infection causes increased CBASS expression in a CapW-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, this CapW-dependent increase in CBASS expression is not required for robust anti-phage activity, suggesting that CapW may mediate CBASS activation and cell death in response to a signal other than phage infection. Our results parallel concurrent reports on the structure and activity of BrxR, a transcription factor associated with the BREX anti-phage system, suggesting that CapW and BrxR are members of a family of universal defense signaling proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blankenchip, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.04.474952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of bacterial anti-phage signaling by a WYL domain transcription factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-based identification of naphthoquinones and derivatives as novel inhibitors of main protease Mpro and papain-like protease PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 urgently demands novel direct antiviral treatments. The main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are attractive drug targets among coronaviruses due to their essential role in processing the polyproteins translated from the viral RNA. In the present work, we virtually screened 688 naphthoquinoidal compounds and derivatives against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. Twenty-four derivatives were selected and evaluated in biochemical assays against Mpro using a novel fluorogenic substrate. In parallel, these compounds were also assayed with SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. Four compounds inhibited Mpro with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values between 0.41 {micro}M and 66 {micro}M. In addition, eight compounds inhibited PLpro with IC50 ranging from 1.7 {micro}M to 46 {micro}M. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest stable binding modes for Mpro inhibitors with frequent interactions with residues in the S1 and S2 pockets of the active site. For two PLpro inhibitors, interactions occur in the S3 and S4 pockets. In summary, our structure-based computational and biochemical approach identified novel naphthoquinonal scaffolds that can be further explored as SARS-CoV-2 antivirals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santos, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronenberger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa da Silva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha, R. E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreto, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardini, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodworth, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lourenco, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craik, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podust, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva Junior, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.05.475095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-based identification of naphthoquinones and derivatives as novel inhibitors of main protease Mpro and papain-like protease PLpro of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.07.475464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying biological carbon pump pathways with a data-constrained mechanistic model ensemble approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.07.475464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to constrain the mechanisms that transport organic carbon into the deep ocean is complicated by the multiple physical, chemical, and ecological processes that intersect to create, transform, and transport particles in the ocean. In this manuscript we develop and parameterize a data-assimilative model of the multiple pathways of the biological carbon pump (NEMUROBCP). The mechanistic model is designed to represent sinking particle flux, active transport by vertically migrating zooplankton, and passive transport by subduction and vertical mixing, while also explicitly representing multiple biological and chemical properties measured directly in the field (including nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa, carbon dioxide and oxygen, nitrogen isotopes, and 234Thorium). Using 30 different data types (including standing stock and rate measurements related to nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and non-living organic matter) from Lagrangian experiments conducted on 11 cruises from four ocean regions, we conduct an objective statistical parameterization of the model and generate one million different potential parameter sets that are used for ensemble model simulations. The model simulates in situ parameters that were assimilated (net primary production and gravitational particle flux) and parameters that were withheld (234Thorium and nitrogen isotopes) with reasonable accuracy. Model results show that gravitational flux of sinking particles and vertical mixing of organic matter from the surface ocean are more important biological pump pathways than active transport by vertically-migrating zooplankton. However, these processes are regionally variable, with sinking particles most important in oligotrophic areas of the Gulf of Mexico and California, sinking particles and vertical mixing roughly equivalent in productive regions of the CCE and the subtropical front in the Southern Ocean, and active transport an important contributor in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. We further find that mortality at depth is an important component of active transport when mesozooplankton biomasses are high, but that it is negligible in regions with low mesozooplankton biomass. Our results also highlight the high degree of uncertainty, particularly amongst mesozooplankton functional groups, that is derived from uncertainty in model parameters, with important implications from results that rely on non-ensemble model outputs. We also discuss the implications of our results for other data assimilation approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.07.475464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying biological carbon pump pathways with a data-constrained mechanistic model ensemble approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An M protein coiled coil unfurls and exposes its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Surface-associated, coiled-coil M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) disable human immunity through interaction with select proteins. However, coiled coils lack features typical of protein-protein interaction sites, and it is therefore challenging to understand how M proteins achieve specific binding, for example, with the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, leading to its neutralization. The crystal structure of a complex of LL-37 with M87 protein, an antigenic M protein variant from a strain that is an emerging threat, revealed a novel interaction mode. The M87 coiled coil unfurled and asymmetrically exposed its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37. A single LL-37 molecule bound M87 in the crystal, but in solution recruited additional LL-37 molecules, consistent with a  protein trap neutralization mechanism. The interaction mode visualized crystallographically was verified to contribute significantly to LL-37 resistance in an M87 Strep A strain, and was identified to be conserved in a number of other M protein types that are prevalent in human populations. Our results provide specific detail for therapeutic inhibition of LL-37 neutralization by M proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kolesinski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirose, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An M protein coiled coil unfurls and exposes its hydrophobic core to capture LL-37]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-genomic analysis of transcriptional modules across Salmonella Typhimurium reveals the regulatory landscape of different strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium is a serious pathogen that is involved in human nontyphoidal infections. Tackling Typhimurium infections is difficult due to the species dynamic adaptation to its environment, which is dictated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). While traditional biomolecular methods provide characterizations of specific regulators, it is laborious to construct the global TRN structure from this bottom-up approach. Here, we used a machine learning technique to understand the transcriptional signatures of S. enterica Typhimurium from the top down, as a whole and in individual strains. Furthermore, we conducted cross-strain comparison of 6 strains in serovar Typhimurium to investigate similarities and differences in their TRNs with pan-genomic analysis. By decomposing all the publicly available RNA-Seq data of Typhimurium with independent component analysis (ICA), we obtained over 400 independently modulated sets of genes, called iModulons. Through analysis of these iModulons, we 1) discover three transport iModulons linked to antibiotic resistance, 2) describe concerted responses to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), 3) uncover evidence towards new regulons, and 4) identify two iModulons linked to bile responses in strain ST4/74. We extend this analysis across the pan-genome to show that strain-specific iModulons 5) reveal different genetic signatures in pathogenicity islands that explain phenotypes and 6) capture the activity of different phages in the studied strains. Using all high-quality publicly-available RNA-Seq data to date, we present a comprehensive, data-driven Typhimurium TRN. It is conceivable that with more high-quality datasets from more strains, the approach used in this study will continue to guide our investigation in understanding the pan-transcriptome of Typhimurium. Interactive dashboards for all gene modules in this project are available at https://imodulondb.org/ under the "Salmonella Typhimurium" page to enable browsing for interested researchers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-bulushi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-genomic analysis of transcriptional modules across Salmonella Typhimurium reveals the regulatory landscape of different strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GR-regulated enhancers play a central role in the gene regulatory networks underlying drug addiction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Substance abuse and addiction represent a significant public health problem that impacts multiple dimensions of society, including healthcare, the economy, and the workforce. In 2021, over 100,000 drug overdose deaths were reported in the US, with an alarming increase in fatalities related to opioids and psychostimulants. Understanding the fundamental gene regulatory mechanisms underlying addiction and related behaviors could facilitate more effective treatments. To explore how repeated drug exposure alters gene regulatory networks in the brain, we combined capped small (cs)RNA-seq, which accurately captures nascent-like initiating transcripts from total RNA, with Hi-C and single nuclei (sn)ATAC-seq. We profiled initiating transcripts in two addiction-related brain regions, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), from rats that were never exposed to drugs or were subjected to prolonged abstinence after oxycodone or cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA). Interrogating over 100,000 active transcription start regions (TSRs) revealed that most TSRs had hallmarks of bonafide enhancers and highlighted the KLF/SP1, RFX, and AP1 transcription factors families as central to establishing brain-specific gene regulatory programs. Analysis of rats with addiction-like behaviors versus controls identified addiction-associated repression of transcription at regulatory enhancers recognized by nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C (NR3C) factors, which include glucocorticoid receptors. Cell-type deconvolution analysis using snATAC-seq uncovered a potential role of glial cells in driving the gene regulatory programs associated with addiction-related phenotypes. These findings highlight the power of advanced transcriptomics methods to provide insight into how addiction perturbs gene regulatory programs in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duttke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.475507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GR-regulated enhancers play a central role in the gene regulatory networks underlying drug addiction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
matOptimize: A parallel tree optimization method enables online phylogenetics for SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic tree optimization is necessary for precise analysis of evolutionary and transmission dynamics, but existing tools are inadequate for handling the scale and pace of data produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. One transformative approach, online phylogenetics, aims to incrementally add samples to an ever-growing phylogeny, but there are no previously-existing approaches that can efficiently optimize this vast phylogeny under the time constraints of the pandemic. Here, we present matOptimize, a fast and memory-efficient phylogenetic tree optimization tool based on parsimony that can be parallelized across multiple CPU threads and nodes, and provides orders of magnitude improvement in runtime and peak memory usage compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. We have developed this method particularly to address the pressing need during the COVID-19 pandemic for daily maintenance and optimization of a comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny. Thus, our approach addresses an important need for daily maintenance and refinement of a comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny.

Significance StatementPhylogenetic trees have been central to genomic surveillance, epidemiology, and contact tracing efforts during the COVD-19 pandemic. With over 6 million SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences now available, maintaining an accurate, comprehensive phylogenetic tree of all available SARS-CoV-2 sequences is becoming computationally infeasible with existing software, but is essential for getting a detailed picture of the virus evolution and transmission. Our novel phylogenetic software, matOptimize, is helping refine possibly the largest-ever phylogenetic tree, containing millions of SARS-CoV-2 sequences, thus providing an unprecedented resolution for studying the pathogens evolutionary and transmission dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornlow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torvi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanfear, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.475688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[matOptimize: A parallel tree optimization method enables online phylogenetics for SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous 1-deoxysphingolipid synthesis compromises anchorage-independent growth and plasma membrane endocytosis in cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) predominantly incorporates serine and fatty acyl-CoAs into diverse sphingolipids that serve as structural components of membranes and signaling molecules within or amongst cells. However, SPT also uses alanine as a substrate in the contexts of low serine availability, alanine accumulation, or disease-causing mutations in hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (HSAN1), resulting in the synthesis and accumulation of 1-deoxysphingolipids. These species promote cytotoxicity in neurons and impact diverse cellular phenotypes, including suppression of anchorage-independent cancer cell growth. While altered serine and alanine can promote 1-deoxysphingolipid synthesis, they impact numerous other metabolic pathways important for cancer cells. Here we combined isotope tracing, quantitative metabolomics, and functional studies to better understand the mechanistic drivers of 1-deoxysphingolipid toxicity in cancer cells. Both alanine treatment and SPTLC1C133W expression induce 1-deoxy(dihydro)ceramide synthesis and accumulation but fail to broadly impact intermediary metabolism, abundances of other lipids, or growth of adherent cells. However, spheroid culture and soft agar colony formation were compromised when endogenous 1-deoxysphingolipid synthesis was induced via SPTLC1C133Wexpression. Consistent with these impacts on anchorage-independent cell growth, we observed that 1-deoxysphingolipid synthesis reduced plasma membrane endocytosis. These results highlight a potential role for SPT promiscuity in linking altered amino acid metabolism to plasma membrane endocytosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cordes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuna, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGregor, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khare, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gengatharan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthusamy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous 1-deoxysphingolipid synthesis compromises anchorage-independent growth and plasma membrane endocytosis in cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wildlife and Marine Mammal Spatial Observatory: Observation and automated detection of Southern Right Whales in multispectral satellite imagery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Wildlife and Marine Mammal Spatial Observatory is a joint research effort for the census of wildlife and particularly of marine mammals in satellite imagery. In that context, this paper illustrates the development of a high accuracy algorithm for the detection of right whales in sub-meter resolution multispectral satellite imagery with the constraint of a relatively small sample support of 580 southern right whale images. A significant space is devoted to exploratory data analysis to describe the statistical structure of right whale pixels and ocean surface pixels across multispectral bands.

Observations of southern right whale in satellite imagery are divided into typical and atypical right whale forms and the first observations of right whale mother and calf pairs in satellite imagery are presented. Measurements of whales are furthermore automatically extracted from whale observations (major axis length, minor axis length, etc). A significant space is also devoted to statistical data exploration, a step frequently overlooked in machine learning solutions, that yet offers interesting insight into the structure of animal detection in satellite imagery. The extracted statistics can readily be used by researchers to develop detection solutions even with low sample support. The adopted solution for detection consists of feature extraction with a convolutional neural network followed by classification with a support vector machine. 20 different convolutional neural networks were tested for feature extraction. Biostatistics parameters (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision) were measured for comparison. Most architectures generally achieved high performance with low false positive and false negative rates. 100% accuracy is achieved in the case of 2 convolutional neural networks, Nasnet Large and Inception V3, and only with a specific selection of multispectral bands.

NB: This is a preprint that does not include satellite imagery due recent reviews
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Houegnigan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero Merino, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeulen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Block, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Noguer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadeu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.20.477141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wildlife and Marine Mammal Spatial Observatory: Observation and automated detection of Southern Right Whales in multispectral satellite imagery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-embryonic maturation of the C. elegans motor circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development, animals can maintain behavioral output even as the underlying circuits structurally remodel. After hatching, C. elegans undergoes substantial motor neuron expansion and synapse re-wiring while the animal continuously moves with an undulatory pattern. To understand how the circuit transitions from its juvenile to mature configuration without disrupting functional output, we reconstructed the C. elegans motor circuit by electron microscopy across larval development. We observed: 1) Embryonic motor neurons transiently interact with the developing post-embryonic motor neurons prior to remodeling of their juvenile wiring; 2) Post-embryonic neurons initiate synapse development with their future partners as their neurites navigate through the juvenile nerve cords; 3) Embryonic and post-embryonic neurons sequentially build structural machinery needed for the adult circuit before the embryonic neurons relinquish their roles to post-embryonic neurons; 4) This transition is repeated region by region along the body in an anterior to posterior sequence, following the birth order of post-embryonic neurons. Through this orchestrated, programmed and gradual rewiring, the motor circuit transforms from asymmetric to symmetric wiring. These maturation strategies support the continuous maintenance of motor patterns as the juvenile circuit develops into the adult configuration.

HighlightsO_LIPost-embryonic motor circuit maturation was reconstructed by synapse-resolution serial EM.
C_LIO_LIMotor patterns are maintained as the circuit matures from asymmetric to symmetric configuration.
C_LIO_LIProgrammed rewiring gradually and sequentially transforms the circuit structure.
C_LIO_LIPreparatory and communicative wiring-rewiring allows maturation without functional disruption.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulcahy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witvliet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schalek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmyard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahamed, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtman, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-embryonic maturation of the C. elegans motor circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mindin is essential for cutaneous fibrogenesis in a new mouse model of systemic sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrosis is a result of chronically activated fibroblasts leading to the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM), causing tissue hardening and loss of organ function. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic skin disease marked by inflammation, autoimmunity and vasculopathy along with progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. A major bottleneck in understanding the etiology of SSc has been the lack of a holistic animal model that can mimic the human SSc disease. We found that the transcription factor Snail is overexpressed in the epidermis of SSc patients and a transgenic mouse recapitulating this expression pattern is sufficient to induce hallmark clinical features of the human disease. Using this mouse model as a discovery platform, we have uncovered a critical role for the matricellular protein Mindin in fibrogenesis. Mindin is produced by Snail transgenic skin keratinocytes and aids fibrogenesis by inducing inflammatory cytokine and collagen production in resident dermal fibroblasts. Given the dispensability of Mindin in normal tissue physiology, targeting this protein holds promise as an effective therapy for fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rana, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kataria, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajam, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashyap, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajnabi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayappa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananthan, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaarour, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>J, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perundurai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mindin is essential for cutaneous fibrogenesis in a new mouse model of systemic sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.477154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic and phenomic investigations reveal elements in biofilm repression and formation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.477154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biofilm formation by photosynthetic organisms is a complex behavior that serves multiple functions in the environment. Biofilm formation in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is regulated in part by a set of small secreted proteins that promotes biofilm formation and a self-suppression mechanism that prevents their expression. Little is known about the regulatory and structural components of the biofilms in PCC 7942, or response to the suppressor signal(s). We performed transcriptomics (RNA-Seq) and phenomics (RB-TnSeq) screens that identified four genes involved in biofilm formation and regulation, more than 25 additional candidates that may impact biofilm formation, and revealed the transcriptomic adaptation to the biofilm state. In so doing, we compared the effectiveness of these two approaches for gene discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simkovsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnasa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zecharia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yegorov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sendersky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.27.477154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic and phenomic investigations reveal elements in biofilm repression and formation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.478070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gnas ablation in CD11c+ cells prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by elevating adipose tissue catecholamine levels and thermogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.478070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD11c+ immune cells are a potential therapeutic target for treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In obesity, CD11c+ immune cells are recruited to white adipose tissue and create an inflammatory state that causes both insulin and catecholamine resistance. In this study, we found that ablation of Gnas, the gene that encodes Gas, in CD11c expressing cells protects mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Gnas{Delta}CD11c mice (KO) had increased oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and beigeing of white adipose tissue (WAT). Transplantation studies showed that the lean phenotype was conferred by bone marrow-derived cells and the absence of T and B cells by crossing the KO to a Rag1-/- background did not alter the phenotype. Notably, we observed elevated norepinephrine and elevated cAMP signaling in the WAT of KO mice. The KO adipose tissue also had reduced expression of catecholamine transport and degradation enzymes. Collectively, our results identified an important role of Gas in CD11c+ cells in whole body metabolism regulation by controlling norepinephrine levels in WAT, modulating catecholamine-induced lipolysis and increasing thermogenesis that together created a lean phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herdman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devulapalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, A. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.27.478070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gnas ablation in CD11c+ cells prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity by elevating adipose tissue catecholamine levels and thermogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.29.478330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay between rule learning and rule switching in a perceptual categorization task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.29.478330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To adapt to a changing world, we must be able to switch between rules already learned and, at other times, learn rules anew. Often we must do both at the same time, switching between known rules while also constantly re-estimating them. Here, we show these two processes, rule switching and rule learning, rely on distinct but intertwined computations, namely fast inference and slower incremental learning. To this end, we studied how monkeys switched between three rules. Each rule was compositional, requiring the animal to discriminate one of two features of a stimulus and then respond with an associated eye movement along one of two different response axes. By modeling behavior we found the animals learned the axis of response using fast inference (rule switching) while continuously re-estimating the stimulus-response associations within an axis (rule learning). Our results shed light on the computational interactions between rule switching and rule learning, and make testable neural predictions for these interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bouchacourt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tafazoli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buschman, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daw, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.478330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay between rule learning and rule switching in a perceptual categorization task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.30.478408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-assisted Discovery of an Ethnicity-influenced Driver of Cell Transformation in Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.30.478408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although Barretts metaplasia of the esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor lesion to esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs), drivers of the metaplasia[-&gt;]dysplasia[-&gt;]neoplasia cascade in the esophagus remains incompletely understood. Using an AI-guided network transcriptomics approach, in which EAC initiation and progression is modeled as networks to simplify complex multi-cellular processes, we first predict cellular continuum states and disease driving processes with an unprecedented degree of precision. Key AI-guided predictions are subsequently validated in a human organoid model and patient-derived biopsies of BE, a case-control study of genomics of BE progression, and in a cross-sectional study of 113 patients with BE and EACs. We find that all EACs must originate from BE, pinpoint a CXCL8/IL8{leftrightarrow}neutrophil immune microenvironment as a driver of cellular transformation in both EACs and gastroesophageal junction-ACs. This driver is prominent in Caucasians (Cau), but notably absent in African Americans (AAs). Network-derived gene signatures, independent signatures of neutrophil processes, CXCL8/IL8, and an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) are associated with risk of progression. SNPs associated with ethnic changes in ANC modify that risk. Thus, findings define a racially influenced immunological basis for cell transformation and suggest that benign ethnic neutropenia in AAs may serve as a deterrent to BE[-&gt;]EAC progression.

BRIEF SUMMARYEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal cancer among Caucasians, while African Americans are somewhat protected; what factors drive transformation with racial disparity remain unknown. AI-enabled creation of the first computational map of neoplastic progression in the esophagus built and validated using transcriptomic datasets from diverse cohorts of human samples pinpointed CXCL8{leftrightarrow}neutrophil tumor immune-microenvironment as a racially influenced driver of EACs and GEJ-ACs. Computational tools pinpoint a racially influenced driver of cell transformation during BE[-&gt;]EAC progression; in doing so, it reveals new novel biology, informs disease modeling, therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers.

LAY SUMMARYBy modeling diseases as networks, this work unravels a fundamental race-influenced immunologic driver of cell transformation in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal junction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guccione, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goheen-Holland, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzini, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtius, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadlapati, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.30.478408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-assisted Discovery of an Ethnicity-influenced Driver of Cell Transformation in Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sentinel Cards Provide Practical SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in School Settings 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate, high-resolution environmental monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 traces indoors through sentinel cards is a promising approach to help students safely return to in-person learning. Because SARS-CoV-2 RNA can persist for up to a week on several indoor surface types, there is a need for increased temporal resolution to determine whether consecutive surface positives arise from new infection events or continue to report past events. Cleaning sentinel cards after sampling would provide the needed resolution, but might interfere with assay performance. We tested the effect of three cleaning solutions (BZK wipes, wet wipes, RNase Away) at three different viral loads: "high" (4 x 104 GE/mL), "medium" (1 x 104 GE/mL), and "low" (2.5 x 103 GE/mL). RNAse Away, chosen as a positive control, was the most effective cleaning solution on all three viral loads. Wet wipes were found to be more effective than BZK wipes in the medium viral load condition. The low viral load condition was easily reset with all three cleaning solutions. These findings will enable temporal SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in indoor environments where transmission risk of the virus is high and the need to avoid individual-level sampling for privacy or compliance reasons exists.

ImportanceBecause SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, persists on surfaces, testing swabs taken from surfaces is useful as a monitoring tool. This approach is especially valuable in school settings, where there are cost and privacy concerns that are eliminated by taking a single sample from a classroom. However, the virus persists for days to weeks on surface samples, so it is impossible to tell whether positive detection events on consecutive days are persistent signal or new infectious cases, and therefore whether the positive individuals have been successfully removed from the classroom. We compare several methods for cleaning "sentinel cards" to show that this approach can be used to identify new SARS-CoV-2 signals day to day. The results are important for determining how to monitor classrooms and other indoor environments for SARS-CoV-2 virus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cantu, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salido, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asudani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walster, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magallanes, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentine, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majnoonian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijaya, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omaleki, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro-Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Hoff, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lastrella, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrander, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plascencia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoot, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manlutac, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fielding-Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.478759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sentinel Cards Provide Practical SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in School Settings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.476953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic cell memory: The gene's inner chromatin modification circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.476953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic cell memory allows distinct gene expression patterns to persist in different cell types despite a common genotype. Although different patterns can be maintained by the concerted action of transcription factors (TFs), it was proposed that long-term persistence hinges on chromatin state. Here, we study how the dynamics of chromatin state affect memory, and focus on a biologically motivated circuit motif, among histones and DNA modifications, that mediates the action of TFs on gene expression. Memory arises from time-scale separation among three circuits constituent processes: basal erasure, auto and cross-catalysis, and recruited erasure of modifications. When the two latter processes are sufficiently faster than the former, the circuit exhibits bistability and hysteresis, allowing active and repressed gene states to coexist and persist after TF stimulus removal. The duration of memory is stochastic with a mean value that increases as time-scale separation increases, but more so for the repressed state. This asymmetry stems from the cross-catalysis between repressive histone modifications and DNA methylation and is enhanced by the relatively slower decay rate of the latter. Nevertheless, TF-mediated positive autoregulation can rebalance this asymmetry and even confers robustness of active states to repressive stimuli. More generally, by wiring positively autoregulated chromatin modification circuits under time scale separation, long-term distinct gene expression patterns arise, which are also robust to failure in the regulatory links.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bruno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Vecchio, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.476953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic cell memory: The gene's inner chromatin modification circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nutrient gradients mediate creation of highly resistant layers in structured microbial populations during antibiotic exposures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.02.478895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic treatments often fail to eliminate bacterial populations due to heterogeneity in how individual cells respond to the drug. In structured bacterial populations such as biofilms, bacterial metabolism and environmental transport processes lead to an emergent phenotypic structure and self-generated nutrient gradients towards the interior of the colony, which can affect cell growth, gene expression and susceptibility to the drug. Even in single cells, survival depends on a dynamic interplay between the drugs action and the expression of resistance genes. How expression of resistance is coordinated across populations in the presence of such spatiotemporal environmental coupling remains elusive. Using a custom microfluidic device, we observe the response of spatially extended microcolonies of tetracycline-resistant E. coli to precisely defined dynamic drug regimens. We find an intricate interplay between drug-induced changes in cell growth and growth-dependent expression of resistance genes, resulting in the redistribution of nutrients and the reorganization of growth patterns. This dynamic environmental feedback affects the regulation of drug resistance differently across the colony, generating dynamic phenotypic structures that maintain colony growth during exposure to high drug concentrations and increase population-level resistance to subsequent exposures. A mathematical model linking metabolism and the regulation of gene expression is able to capture the main features of spatiotemporal colony dynamics. Uncovering the fundamental principles that govern collective mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in spatially extended populations will allow the design of optimal drug regimens to counteract them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boukéké-Lesplulier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hupe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittihn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.02.478895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nutrient gradients mediate creation of highly resistant layers in structured microbial populations during antibiotic exposures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the frame effect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Probes flashed within a moving frame are dramatically displaced (Ozkan et al, 2021; Wong &Mack, 1981). The effect is much larger than that seen on static or moving probes (induced motion, Duncker, 1929; Wallach et al, 1978). These flashed probes are often perceived with the separation they have in frame coordinates -- a 100% effect. Here we explore this frame effect on flashed tests with several versions of the standard stimulus. We find that the frame effect holds for smoothly or abruptly displacing frames, even when the frame changed shape or orientation between the endpoints of its travel. The path could be non-linear, even circular. The effect was driven by perceived not physical motion. When there were competing overlapping frames, the effect was determined by which frame was attended. There were a number of constraints that limited the effect. A static anchor near the flashes suppressed the effect but an extended static texture did not. If the probes were continuous rather than flashed, the effect was abolished. The observational reports of 30 online participants suggest that the frame effect is robust to many variations in its shape and path and leads to a perception of flashed tests in their locations relative to the frame as if the frame were stationary. Our results highlight the role of frame continuity and of the grouping of the flashes with the frame in generating the frame effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cavanagh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anstis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wexler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maechler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>'t Hart, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shams-Ahmar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the frame effect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.480117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining clustered somatic mutations with SigProfilerClusters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.480117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryClustered mutations are found in the human germline as well as in the genomes of cancer and normal somatic cells. Clustered events can be imprinted by a multitude of mutational processes, and they have been implicated in both cancer evolution and development disorders. Existing tools for identifying clustered mutations have been optimized for a particular subtype of clustered event and, in most cases, relied on a predefined inter-mutational distance (IMD) cutoff combined with a piecewise linear regression analysis. Here we present SigProfilerClusters, an automated tool for detecting all types of clustered mutations by calculating a sample-dependent IMD threshold using a simulated background model that takes into account extended sequence context, transcriptional strand asymmetries, and regional mutation densities. SigProfilerClusters disentangles all types of clustered events from non-clustered mutations and annotates each clustered event into an established subclass, including the widely used classes of doublet-base substitutions, multi-base substitutions, omikli, and kataegis. SigProfilerClusters outputs non-clustered mutations and clustered events using standard data formats as well as provides multiple visualizations for exploring the distributions and patterns of clustered mutations across the genome.

AvailabilitySigProfilerClusters is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerClusters with support across most operating systems and extensive documentation at https://osf.io/qpmzw/wiki/home/.

Contactebergstr@eng.ucsd.edu or L2alexandrov@health.ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tbeileh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.11.480117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining clustered somatic mutations with SigProfilerClusters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.13.480251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamate indicators with improved activation kinetics and localization for imaging synaptic transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.13.480251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fluorescent glutamate indicator iGluSnFR enables imaging of neurotransmission with genetic and molecular specificity. However, existing iGluSnFR variants exhibit saturating activation kinetics and are excluded from post-synaptic densities, limiting their ability to distinguish synaptic from extrasynaptic glutamate. Using a multi-assay screen in bacteria, soluble protein, and cultured neurons, we generated novel variants with improved kinetics and signal-to-noise ratios. We also developed surface display constructs that improve iGluSnFRs nanoscopic localization to post-synapses. The resulting indicator, iGluSnFR3, exhibits rapid non-saturating activation kinetics and reports synaptic glutamate release with improved linearity and increased specificity versus extrasynaptic signals in cultured neurons. In mouse visual cortex, imaging of iGluSnFR3 at individual boutons reported single electrophysiologically-observed action potentials with high specificity versus non-synaptic transients. In vibrissal sensory cortex Layer 4, we used iGluSnFR3 to characterize distinct patterns of touch-evoked feedforward input from thalamocortical boutons and both feedforward and recurrent input onto L4 cortical neuron dendritic spines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralowicz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergerson, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaska, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasseman, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsegaye, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walpita, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilberg, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The GENIE Project Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Looger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoppa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konnerth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiter, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.13.480251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamate indicators with improved activation kinetics and localization for imaging synaptic transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.13.480296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable and deep profiling of mRNA targets for individual microRNAs with chimeric eCLIP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.13.480296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our expanding knowledge of the roles small regulatory RNAs play across numerous areas of biology, coupled with the promise of RNA-targeted therapies and small RNA-based medicines, create an urgent need for tools that can accurately identify and quantify small RNA:target interactions at scale. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a major class of small RNAs in plants and animals. The experimental capture of miRNA:mRNA interactions by ligation into chimeric RNA fragments in chimeric CrossLinking and ImmunoPrecipitation (CLIP) provides a direct readout of miRNA targets with high-throughput sequencing. Despite the power of this approach, widespread adoption of chimeric CLIP has been slow due to both methodological technical complexity as well as limited recovery of chimeric molecules (particularly beyond the most abundant miRNAs). Here we describe chimeric eCLIP, in which we integrate a chimeric ligation step into AGO2 eCLIP to enable chimeric read recovery. We show that removal of the cumbersome polyacrylamide gel and nitrocellulose membrane transfer step common to CLIP techniques can be omitted for chimeric AGO2 eCLIP to create a simplified high throughput version of the assay that maintains high signal- to-noise. With the increased yield of recovered miRNA:mRNA interactions in no-gel chimeric eCLIP, we show that simple enrichment steps using either PCR or on-bead probe capture can be added to chimeric eCLIP in order to target and enrich libraries for chimeric reads specific to one or more miRNAs of interest in both cell lines and tissue samples, resulting in 30- to 175-fold increases in recovery of chimeric reads for miRNAs of interest. We further demonstrate that the same probe-capture approach can be used to recover miRNA interactions for a targeted gene of interest, revealing both distinct miRNA targeting as well as co-targeting by several miRNAs from the same seed family. RNA-seq analysis of gene expression following miRNA overexpression confirmed miRNA-mediated repression of chimeric eCLIP-identified targets and indicated that probe-enriched chimeric eCLIP can provide additional sensitivity to detect regulated targets among genes that either contain or lack computationally predicted miRNA target sites. Thus, we believe that chimeric eCLIP will be a useful tool for quantitative profiling of miRNA targets in varied sample types at scale, and for revealing a deeper picture of regulatory networks for specific miRNAs of biological interest.

HighlightsO_LINo-gel chimeric eCLIP improves recovery of miRNA:mRNA interactions by 70-fold
C_LIO_LIProbe- and PCR-enrichment deeply profiles mRNA targets of miRNAs of interest
C_LIO_LIChimeric eCLIP targets experimentally identify non-computationally predicted interactions
C_LIO_LIIncreased depth recovers [~]6 million miRNA:target chimeras in HEK293T
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manakov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.13.480296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable and deep profiling of mRNA targets for individual microRNAs with chimeric eCLIP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear Receptor 5A2 Regulation of Agrp underlies Olanzapine-induced Hyperphagia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary/AbstractAntipsychotic (AP) drugs are highly efficacious treatments for psychiatric disorders, but a serious side effect of their use is excessive weight gain and subsequent development of metabolic disease. Increased food intake is the underlying driver of AP-induced weight gain, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In previous studies, we identified hypothalamic genes whose expression level was altered following APs-induced hyperphagia. Among these genes, the orexigenic peptide Agrp and the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (Nr5a2) were two of the most significantly upregulated genes by APs. NR5a2 is broadly expressed throughout the body, but little is known about its role in the brain. In this study, we investigated the role of hypothalamic NR5a2 in AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain. In hypothalamic cell lines, OLZ treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in gene expression of NR5a2 and Agrp. In mice, administration of a specific Nr5a2 inhibitor decreased olanzapine-induced hyperphagia and weight gain, while knockdown of Nr5a2 in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) partially reversed olanzapine-induced hyperphagia. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation-PCR studies showed for the first time that NR5a2 directly binds to the Agrp promoter region. In addition, in situ hybridization studies confirm that NR5a2 and Agrp are co-localized in a subset of cells in the arcuate nucleus. In summary, we identify Nr5a2 as a key mechanistic driver of AP-induced food intake and these findings can be used to inform future clinical development of APs that do not activate hyperphagia and weight gain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zapata, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libster, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear Receptor 5A2 Regulation of Agrp underlies Olanzapine-induced Hyperphagia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate topology and cognate immunity modulate antibacterial toxicity of Tae cell wall hydrolases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Members of the bacterial T6SS amidase effector (Tae) superfamily of toxins are delivered between competing bacteria to degrade cell wall peptidoglycan. Although Taes share a common substrate, they exhibit distinct antimicrobial potency across different competitor species. To investigate the molecular basis governing these differences, we quantitatively defined the functional determinants of Tae1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and a high-throughput in vivo genetic approach called deep mutational scanning (DMS). As expected, combined analyses confirmed the role of critical residues near the Tae1 catalytic center. Unexpectedly, DMS revealed substantial contributions to enzymatic activity from a much larger, ring-like functional hot spot extending around the entire circumference of the enzyme. Comparative DMS across distinct growth conditions highlighted how functional contribution of different surfaces is highly context-dependent, varying alongside composition of targeted cell walls. These observations suggest that Tae1 engages with the intact cell wall network through a more distributed three-dimensional interaction interface than previously appreciated, providing an explanation for observed differences in antimicrobial potency across divergent Gram-negative competitors. Further binding studies of several Tae1 variants with their cognate immunity protein demonstrate that requirements to maintain protection from Tae activity may be a significant constraint on the mutational landscape of tae1 toxicity in the wild. In total, our work reveals that Tae diversification has likely been shaped by multiple independent pressures to maintain interactions with binding partners that vary across bacterial species and conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapiro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateusiak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biboy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starita, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatleberg, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simorre, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony-Cahill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brzovic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate topology and cognate immunity modulate antibacterial toxicity of Tae cell wall hydrolases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Conserved CNOT1 Interaction Motif of Tristetraprolin Regulates ARE-mRNA Decay Independently of the p38 MAPK-MK2 Kinase Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of the mRNA decay activator Tristetraprolin (TTP) by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway during the mammalian inflammatory response represents a paradigm for the regulation of mRNA turnover by signaling. Phosphorylation of TTP by p38 MAPK-activated kinase 2 (MK2) inhibits the association of TTP with the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex and represses TTP-mediated mRNA decay. Here we present evidence that TTP remains active in the presence of activated MK2 due to its highly conserved CNOT1 Interacting Motif (CIM), which remains unphosphorylated and capable of promoting deadenylation and decay. The CIM recruits the CCR4-NOT complex cooperatively with previously identified conserved tryptophan residues of TTP and deletion of the CIM strongly represses residual association with the deadenylase complex and activity of TTP in conditions of active MK2. A conserved serine in the CIM is not a target of MK2 but is instead phosphorylated by other kinases including the PKC pathway and regulates TTP activity independently of MK2. These results suggest that kinase pathways regulate TTP activity in a cooperative manner and that the p38 MAPK-MK2 pathway relies on the activation of additional kinase pathway(s) to fully control TTP function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carreno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykke-Andersen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Conserved CNOT1 Interaction Motif of Tristetraprolin Regulates ARE-mRNA Decay Independently of the p38 MAPK-MK2 Kinase Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial mRNA localization is governed by translation kinetics and spatial transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For many nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, mRNA localizes to the mitochondrial surface co-translationally, aided by the association of a mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) on the nascent peptide with the mitochondrial import complex. For a subset of these co-translationally localized mRNAs, their localization is dependent on the metabolic state of the cell, while others are constitutively localized. To explore the differences between these two mRNA types we developed a stochastic, quantitative model for MTS-mediated mRNA localization to mitochondria in yeast cells. This model includes translation, applying gene-specific kinetics derived from experimental data; and diffusion in the cytosol. Even though both mRNA types are co-translationally localized we found that the steady state number, or density, of ribosomes along an mRNA was insufficient to differentiate the two mRNA types. Instead, conditionally-localized mRNAs have faster translation kinetics which modulate localization in combination with changes to diffusive search kinetics across metabolic states. Our model also suggests that the MTS requires a maturation time to become competent to bind mitochondria. Our work indicates that yeast cells can regulate mRNA localization to mitochondria by controlling mitochondrial volume fraction (influencing diffusive search times) and gene translation kinetics (adjusting mRNA binding competence) without the need for mRNA-specifc binding proteins. These results shed light on both global and gene-specific mechanisms that enable cells to alter mRNA localization in response to changing metabolic conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arceo, X. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial mRNA localization is governed by translation kinetics and spatial transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing base-resolution DNA mechanics on the genome scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic DNA properties such as bending play a crucial role in diverse biological systems. A recent advantage in the high-throughput method called loop-seq makes it possible to determine bendability of hundred thousand 50-bp DNA duplexes in one experiment. However, its still infeasible to assess whole sequence bendability in large genomes such as human, which needs thousands of loop-seq experiments. Here we introduce  BendNet - a neural network to accurately predict the intrinsic DNA bending at base-resolution by only given DNA sequences. BendNet can increase the resolution of experimental results, and can predict DNA bendability for any new given sequences in high accuracy. We applied BendNet to the human genome and observed high-stiffness regions located at both transcriptional start sites and transcriptional end sites. Such stiffness patterns are different for coding and non-coding genes, which matches distinct nucleosome occupancy patterns. As expected, most transcription factors (TFs) bind in DNA of low bendability. In contrast, we observed an unusually high bendability within binding elements of specific TFs such as EBF1 and regulators of genome folding such as CTCF. These factors either co-bind or compete with nucleosomes to carry out their functions. More interestingly, CTCF binding regions exhibit the highest bendability than other DNA elements, implying their potential role in trapping and holding the CTCF in the exact locations to make sure CTCF as stable anchor in loop extrusion process. Our work provides a tool to assess DNA bendability for large-scale DNA sequences and expands our understanding on DNA mechanics in chromatin regulation and genome folding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing base-resolution DNA mechanics on the genome scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.480956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An NKX-COUP-TFII genomic code for mucosal vascular addressins and organ morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.480956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunoglobulin family and carbohydrate vascular addressins encoded by Madcam1 and St6gal1 control lymphocyte homing into intestinal tissues, regulating immunity and inflammation. The addressins are developmentally programmed to decorate endothelial cells lining gut post-capillary and high endothelial venules, providing a prototypical example of organ- and segment-specific endothelial specialization. We identify conserved NKX-COUP-TFII composite elements (NCCE) in regulatory regions of Madcam1 and St6gal1 that bind intestinal homeodomain protein NKX2-3 cooperatively with venous nuclear receptor COUP-TFII to activate transcription. The Madcam1 element also integrates repressive signals from arterial/capillary Notch effectors. Pan-endothelial COUP-TFII overexpression induces ectopic addressin expression in NKX2-3+ capillaries, while NKX2-3 deficiency abrogates expression by HEV. Phylogenetically conserved NCCE are enriched in genes involved in neuron migration and morphogenesis of the heart, kidney, pancreas and other organs. Our results define a genomic address code for targeted expression of mucosal vascular addressins and implicate NCCE in fundamental processes in cell specification and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dinh, t. t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajaraman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roper, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brulois, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hara, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keifel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Red-Horse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balogh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabris, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaszner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butcher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.17.480956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An NKX-COUP-TFII genomic code for mucosal vascular addressins and organ morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating Impacts of Syntenic Block Detection Strategies on Rearrangement Phylogeny Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPhylogenetic inference based on genomic structural variations, that manipulate the gene order and content of whole chromosomes, promises to inform a more comprehensive understanding of evolution. The first challenge in using such data, the incompleteness of available de novo assemblies, is easing as long read technologies enable (near-)complete genome assembly, but methodological challenges remain. To obtain the input to rearrangement-based inference methods, we need to detect syntenic blocks of orthologous sequences, a task that can be accomplished in many ways, none of which are obviously preferable. In this paper, we use 94 reference quality genomes of primarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates as a benchmark to evaluate these methods. The clonal nature of Mtb evolution, the manageable genome sizes, along with substantial levels of structural variation make this an ideal benchmarking dataset. We test several methods for detecting homology and obtaining syntenic blocks, and two methods for inferring phylogenies, comparing them to the standard method that uses substitutions for inferring the tree. We find that not only the choice of methods but also their parameters can impact results, especially among branches with lower support. In particular, a method based on an encoding of adjacencies applied to Cactus-defined blocks was fully compatible with the highly supported branches of the substitution-based tree. Thus, we were able to combine the two trees to obtain a supertree with high resolution utilizing both SNPs and rearrangements. Furthermore, we observed that the results were much less affected by the choice of the tree inference method than by the method used to determine the underlying syntenic blocks. Overall, our results indicate that accurate trees can be inferred using genome rearrangements, but the choice of the methods for inferring the homology matters and requires care.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elghraoui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swenson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valafar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.18.481113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating Impacts of Syntenic Block Detection Strategies on Rearrangement Phylogeny Using Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.481132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Weighting by Gene Tree Uncertainty Improves Accuracy of Quartet-based Species Trees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.19.481132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenomic analyses routinely estimate species trees using methods that account for gene tree discordance. However, the most scalable species tree inference methods, which summarize independently inferred gene trees to obtain a species tree, are sensitive to hard-to-avoid errors introduced in the gene tree estimation step. This dilemma has created much debate on the merits of concatenation versus summary methods and practical obstacles to using summary methods more widely and to the exclusion of concatenation. The most successful attempt at making summary methods resilient to noisy gene trees has been contracting low support branches from the gene trees. Unfortunately, this approach requires arbitrary thresholds and poses new challenges. Here, we introduce threshold-free weighting schemes for the quartet-based species tree inference, the metric used in the popular method ASTRAL. By reducing the impact of quartets with low support or long terminal branches (or both), weighting provides stronger theoretical guarantees and better empirical performance than the original ASTRAL. More consequentially, weighting dramatically improves accuracy in a wide range of simulations and reduces the gap with concatenation in conditions with low gene tree discordance and high noise. On empirical data, weighting improves congruence with concatenation and increases support. Together, our results show that weighting, enabled by a new optimization algorithm we introduce, dramatically improves the utility of summary methods and can reduce the incongruence often observed across analytical pipelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.19.481132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Weighting by Gene Tree Uncertainty Improves Accuracy of Quartet-based Species Trees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.20.481200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative sequence basis for the E. coli transcriptional regulatory network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.20.481200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of E. coli consists of thousands of interactions between regulators and DNA sequences. Inherently the DNA sequence is the primary determinant of the TRN; however, it is well established that the presence of a DNA binding motif does not guarantee a functional regulatory protein binding site. Thus, the extent to which the TRN architecture can be predicted by the genome DNA sequence alone remains unclear. Here, we developed machine learning models that predict the TRN structure of E. coli based on genome sequence. Models were constructed successfully (cross-validation AUROC >= 0.8) for 84% (57/68) of valid E. coli regulons identified from top-down analysis of RNA-seq data. We found that: 1) While regulatory motif strength is the most important sequence feature for determining regulon membership, additional features such as DNA shape substantially influence membership; 2) complex regulons involving multiple interacting regulators could be unraveled by machine learning; 3) investigating regulons where initial ML models failed revealed new regulator-specific sequence features that improved model accuracy. Finally, while regulon structure can appear to be variable across estimation methods and strains, we found that strong regulatory sequence features underlie both the genes that appear most consistently in regulons across estimation methods as well as the core regulon genes in the Fur pan-regulon. This work develops a quantitative understanding of the sequence basis of the TRN and suggests a path towards computationally-guided control of transcriptional regulation for synthetic biology applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.20.481200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative sequence basis for the E. coli transcriptional regulatory network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term learning transforms prefrontal cortex selectivity during working memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) is reliably active during working memory (WM) across human and animal models, but the role of lPFC in successful WM is under debate. For instance, non-human primate (NHP) electrophysiology research finds that lPFC circuitry stores WM representations. Human neuroimaging instead suggests that lPFC plays a control function over WM content that is stored in sensory cortices. These seemingly incompatible WM accounts are often confounded by differences in the amount of task training and stimulus exposure across studies (i.e., NHPs tend to be trained extensively). Here, we test the possibility that such long-term training may alter the role of lPFC in WM maintenance. We densely sampled WM-related activity across learning, in three human participants, using a longitudinal functional MRI (fMRI) protocol. Over three months, participants trained on (1) a serial reaction time (SRT) task, wherein complex fractal stimuli were embedded within probabilistic sequences, and (2) a delayed recognition task probing WM for trained or novel stimuli. Participants were scanned frequently throughout training, to track how WM activity patterns change with repeated stimulus exposure and long-term associative learning. WM task performance improved for trained (but not novel) fractals and, neurally, delay activity significantly increased in distributed lPFC voxels across learning. Pattern similarity analyses also found that item-level WM representations became detectable within lPFC, but not in sensory cortices, and lPFC delay activity increasingly reflected sequence relationships from the SRT task, even though that information was task-irrelevant for WM. These findings demonstrate that human lPFC can show stimulus-selective WM responses with learning and WM representations are shaped by long-term experience. Therefore, influences from training and long-term memory may reconcile competing accounts of lPFC function during WM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tambini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyonaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term learning transforms prefrontal cortex selectivity during working memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel and Reported Compensatory Mutations in rpoABC Associate Specifically with Predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rifampicin Resistance Marker rpoB:S450L 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRifampicin (RIF) is a key first-line drug used to treat tuberculosis, a pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However antibiotic resistance to RIF is prevalent despite an apparent fitness cost. RIF resistance is primarily caused by mutations in the RIF resistance determining region in the rpoB gene, at the cost of slower growth in rich media. Compensatory mutations in the genes rpoA and rpoC have been shown to alleviate this fitness cost. These compensatory mutations may explain how RIF resistant strains have spread so rapidly. However, the effect of compensation on transmission is still unclear, partly because of uncertainty over which rpoABC mutations compensate for which RIF resistance markers.

ObjectivesWe performed an association study on a globally representative set of 4309 whole genome sequenced clinical M. tuberculosis isolates to identify novel putative compensatory mutations, determine the prevalence of known and previously reported putative compensatory mutations, and determine which RIF resistance markers associate with these compensatory mutations.

Results and ConclusionsOnly 20.0% (216/1079) of RIF resistant isolates carried previously reported high-probability compensatory mutations, suggesting existence of other compensatory mutations. Using a strict phylogenetic approach, we identified 18 novel putative compensatory mutations in rpoC, rpoB, and rpoA. Novel and previously reported compensatory mutations were strongly associated with the RIFR marker rpoB:S450L, suggesting compensation may be specific to particular RIFR markers. These findings will aid identification of RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis strains with restored fitness. Such strains pose a greater risk of causing resistant outbreaks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conkle-Gutierrez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Busby, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elghraoui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffner, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmaraachli, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valafar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel and Reported Compensatory Mutations in rpoABC Associate Specifically with Predominant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rifampicin Resistance Marker rpoB:S450L]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phenotypic and transcriptional response of Daphnia pulicaria to the combined effects of temperature and predation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daphnia, an ecologically important zooplankton species in lakes, shows both genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature and fish predation, but little is known about the molecular basis of these responses and their potential interactions. We performed a factorial experiment exposing laboratory-propagated Daphnia pulicaria clones from two lakes in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California to normal or high temperature (15{degrees}C or 25{degrees}C) in the presence or absence of fish kairomones, then measured changes in life history and gene expression. Exposure to kairomones increased upper thermal tolerance limits for physiological activity in both clones. Cloned individuals matured at a younger age in response to higher temperature and kairomones, while size at maturity, fecundity and population intrinsic growth were only affected by temperature. At the molecular level, both clones expressed more genes differently in response to temperature than predation, but specific genes involved in metabolic, cellular, and genetic processes responded differently between the two clones. Although gene expression differed more between clones from different lakes than experimental treatments, similar phenotypic responses to predation risk and warming arose from these clone-specific patterns. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity responses to temperature and kairomones interact synergistically, with exposure to fish predators increasing the tolerance of Daphnia pulicaria to stressful temperatures, and that similar phenotypic responses to temperature and predator cues can be produced by divergent patterns of gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalheri, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarate, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shurin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.24.481768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phenotypic and transcriptional response of Daphnia pulicaria to the combined effects of temperature and predation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular deconstruction of inflamed synovium defines diverse inflammatory phenotypes in rheumatoid arthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypical autoimmune disease that causes destructive tissue inflammation in joints and elsewhere. Clinical challenges in RA include the empirical selection of drugs to treat patients, inadequate responders with incomplete disease remission, and lack of a cure. We profiled the full spectrum of cells in inflamed synovium from patients with RA with the goal of deconstructing the cell states and pathways characterizing pathogenic heterogeneity in RA. Our multicenter consortium effort used multi-modal CITE-seq, RNA-seq, and histology of synovial tissue from 79 donors to build a >314,000 single-cell RA synovial cell atlas with 77 cell states from T, B/plasma, natural killer, myeloid, stromal, and endothelial cells. We stratified tissue samples into six distinct cell type abundance phenotypes (CTAPs) individually enriched for specific cell states. These CTAPs demonstrate the striking diversity of RA synovial inflammation, ranging from marked enrichment of T and B cells (CTAP-TB) to a congregation of specific myeloid, fibroblast, and endothelial cells largely lacking lymphocytes (CTAP-EFM). Disease-relevant cytokines, histology, and serology metrics are associated with certain CTAPs. This comprehensive RA synovial atlas and molecular, tissue-based CTAP stratification reveal new insights into RA pathology and heterogeneity, which could lead to novel targeted-treatment approaches in RA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millard, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Arcelus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apruzzese, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, G. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisenfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mears, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slowikowski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinand, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orange, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangel-Moreno, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geraldino-Pardilla, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deane, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabechian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceponis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maybury, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahbudin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Artzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelin, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nerviani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivellese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitzalis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horowitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiCarlo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravallese, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyce, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Accelerating Medicines Partnership Program: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.481990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular deconstruction of inflamed synovium defines diverse inflammatory phenotypes in rheumatoid arthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.482050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic analysis along the gut-brain axis points to a functional architecture of autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.482050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by heterogeneous cognitive, behavioral and communication impairments. Disruption of the gut-brain axis (GBA) has been implicated in autism, with dozens of cross-sectional microbiome and other omic studies revealing autism-specific profiles along the GBA albeit with little agreement in composition or magnitude. To explore the functional architecture of autism, we developed an age and sex-matched Bayesian differential ranking algorithm that identified autism-specific profiles across 10 cross-sectional microbiome datasets and 15 other omic datasets, including dietary patterns, metabolomics, cytokine profiles, and human brain expression profiles. The analysis uncovered a highly significant, functional architecture along the GBA that encapsulated the overall heterogeneity of autism phenotypes. This architecture was determined by autism-specific amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism profiles predominantly encoded by microbial species in the genera Prevotella, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Desulfovibrio, and was mirrored in brain-associated gene expression profiles and restrictive dietary patterns in individuals with autism. Pro-inflammatory cytokine profiling and virome association analysis further supported the existence of an autism-specific architecture associated with particular microbial genera. Re-analysis of a longitudinal intervention study in autism recapitulated the cross-sectional profiles, and showed a strong association between temporal changes in microbiome composition and autism symptoms. Further elucidation of the functional architecture of autism, including of the role the microbiome plays in it, will require deep, multi-omic longitudinal intervention studies on well-defined stratified cohorts to support causal and mechanistic inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, D.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harold-Berding, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needham, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurita, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovtun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mussap, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danilenko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldeon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>xavier, r. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazmanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taroncher-Oldenburg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.482050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic analysis along the gut-brain axis points to a functional architecture of autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize microbial colonization and infection in the Caenorhabditis elegans intestines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.26.482129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intestines of wild Caenorhabditis nematodes are inhabited by a variety of microorganisms, including gut microbiome bacteria and pathogens, such as microsporidia and viruses. Because of the similarities between Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian intestinal cells, as well as the power of the C. elegans system, this host has emerged as a model system to study host intestine-microbe interactions in vivo. While it is possible to observe some aspects of these interactions with bright-field microscopy, it is difficult to accurately classify microbes and characterize the extent of colonization or infection without more precise tools.

This protocol introduces RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as a tool used for the identification, visualization, and quantification of the microbes within the intestines of C. elegans. FISH probes that label the highly abundant small subunit ribosomal RNA can produce a bright signal for bacteria and microsporidian cells, and similar probes can be used to label viral RNA. FISH probes can be ordered from a commercial source as single-stranded DNA end-labeled with fluorophores. One limitation is that FISH may not provide robust signal against low copy targets, although signal can be boosted by using multiple probes (so-called  single-molecule FISH). FISH staining involves collecting colonized or infected animals, washing to eliminate external contamination, followed by fixation in either paraformaldehyde or acetone. After fixation, FISH probes are incubated with samples to allow for the hybridization of probes to the desired target. To remove excess background, the animals are washed again, and then examined on microscope slides or using automated approaches.

Overall, this protocol enables detection, identification, and quantification of the microbes that inhabit the C. elegans intestine, including microbes for which there are no genetic tools available.

SUMMARYGut microbiome bacteria and intestinal intracellular pathogens, like the Orsay virus and microsporidia, are often found associated with wild Caenorhabditis nematodes. This protocol presents RNA FISH as a method for the detection, quantification, and identification of colonizing or infectious microbes within the context of intact C. elegans nematodes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rivera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luallen, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.26.482129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to visualize microbial colonization and infection in the Caenorhabditis elegans intestines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.481967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multivariate genetic analysis of personality and cognitive traits reveals abundant pleiotropy and improves prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.481967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Personality and cognition are heritable mental traits, and their genetic determinants may be distributed across interconnected brain functions. However, previous studies have employed univariate approaches which reduce complex traits to summary measures. We applied the "pleiotropy-informed" multivariate omnibus statistical test (MOSTest) to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 35 item and task-level measures of neuroticism and cognition from the UK Biobank (n=336,993). We identified 431 significant genetic loci and found evidence of abundant pleiotropy across personality and cognitive domains. Functional characterisation implicated genes with significant tissue-specific expression in all tested brain tissues and enriched in brain-specific gene-sets. We conditioned independent GWAS of the Big 5 personality traits and cognition on our multivariate findings, which boosted genetic discovery in other personality traits and improved polygenic prediction. These findings advance our understanding of the polygenic architecture of complex mental traits, indicating a prominence of pleiotropic genetic effects across higher-order domains of mental function.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/481967v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hindley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahrami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karadag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjella, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uelan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.28.481967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multivariate genetic analysis of personality and cognitive traits reveals abundant pleiotropy and improves prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal responses of bumblebee gustatory neurons encode sugar identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sense of taste permits the recognition of valuable nutrients and the avoidance of potential toxins. Models of gustatory coding propose that within modalities (e.g. sweet, bitter, etc.), taste ligands are not distinct stimuli. However, these models are based on data from mice or flies that have omnivorous, non-specialist diets. A specialist feeder might, however, be expected to have acuity within modality if stimulus resolution was critical to survival. Previously, we found that bumblebees have a specialized mechanism for sensing sugars whereby two gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) within the galeal sensilla of the bees mouthparts exhibit burst of spikes. Here, we show that the temporal firing patterns of these GRNs separate sugars into four distinct groups that correlate with sugar nutritional value and palatability. We also identified a third GRN that responded to stimulation with relatively high concentrations of fructose, sucrose, and maltose. Sugars that were non-metabolizable or toxic suppressed the responses of bursting GRNs to sucrose. These abilities to encode information about sugar value are a refinement to the bumblebees sense of sweet taste that could be an adaptation that enables precise calculations of the nature and nutritional value of floral nectar.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattrick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahdi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miriyala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.28.482341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal responses of bumblebee gustatory neurons encode sugar identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation associated modules reflect 3D genome modularity associated with chromatin activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3D genome has been shown to be organized into modules including topologically associating domains (TADs) and compartments that are primarily defined by spatial contacts from Hi-C or other experiments. There exists a gap to investigate whether and how the spatial modularity of the chromatin is related to the functional modularity resulting from the chromatin activity. Increasing evidence shows a tight interplay between histone modifications and 3D chromatin organization. As the histone modifications reflect the chromatin activity, it is tempting to infer the spatial modularity of the genome directly from the histone modification patterns, which would establish the connection between the spatial and functional modularity of the genome. However, uncovering the 3D genomic modules using histone modifications has not been well explored. Here, we report that the histone modifications show a modular pattern (referred to as regulation associated modules, RAMs) that reflects the spatial modularity of the chromatin structure. We found that enhancer-promoter interactions and extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) occur more often within the same RAMs than within the same TADs, indicating stronger insulation of the RAM boundaries and a modularization of the 3D genome at a scale better aligned with the chromatin activity. Consistently, compared to the TAD boundaries, in silico predictions showed that deletions of RAM boundaries perturb the chromatin structure more severely and somatic variants in the cancer samples are more enriched in the RAM boundaries. These observations suggest that RAMs reflect a modular organization of the 3D genome at a scale better aligned with chromatin activity, providing a bridge connecting the structural and functional modularity of the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation associated modules reflect 3D genome modularity associated with chromatin activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.479488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing anti-S2 antibodies protect against all three human betacoronaviruses that cause severe disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.479488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pan-betacoronavirus neutralizing antibodies may hold the key to developing broadly protective vaccines against coronaviruses that cause severe disease, for anticipating novel pandemic-causing viruses, and to respond more effectively to SARS-CoV-2 variants. The emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has illustrated the limitations of solely targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the envelope Spike (S)-protein. Here, we isolated a large panel of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered-vaccinated donors that target a conserved S2 region in the fusion machinery on betacoronavirus spikes. Select bnAbs show broad in vivo protection against all three pathogenic betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, that have spilled over into humans in the past 20 years to cause severe disease. The bnAbs provide new opportunities for antibody-based interventions and key insights for developing pan-betacoronavirus vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, W.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzanello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musharrafieh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capozzola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limbo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemazee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gralinski, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.479488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broadly neutralizing anti-S2 antibodies protect against all three human betacoronaviruses that cause severe disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparison of six DNA extraction protocols for 16S, ITS, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial communities contain a broad phylogenetic diversity of organisms, however the majority of methods center on describing bacteria and archaea. Fungi are important symbionts in many ecosystems, and are potentially important members of the human microbiome, beyond those that can cause disease. To expand our analysis of microbial communities to include fungal ITS data, we compared five candidate DNA extraction kits against our standardized protocol for describing bacteria and archaea using 16S rRNA gene amplicon- and shotgun metagenomics sequencing. We present results considering a diverse panel of host-associated and environmental sample types, and comparing the cost, processing time, well-to-well contamination, DNA yield, limit of detection, and microbial community composition among protocols. Across all criteria, we found the MagMAX Microbiome kit to perform best. The PowerSoil Pro kit performed comparably, but with increased cost per sample and overall processing time. The Zymo MagBead, NucleoMag Food, and Norgen Stool kits were included.

Accession numbersRaw sequence data were deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive (accession#: ERP124610) and raw and processed data are available at Qiita (Study ID: 12201). All processing and analysis code is available on GitHub (github.com/justinshaffer/Extraction_kit_testing).

Methods summaryTo allow for downstream applications involving fungi in addition to bacteria and archaea, we compared five DNA extraction kits with our previously established, standardized protocol for extracting DNA for microbial community analysis. Across ten diverse sample types, we found one extraction kit to perform comparably or better than our standardized protocol. Our conclusion is based on per-sample comparisons of DNA yield, the number of quality-filtered sequences generated, the limit of detection of microbial cells, microbial community alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, and taxonomic composition, and extent of well-to-well contamination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salido, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparison of six DNA extraction protocols for 16S, ITS, and shotgun metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative transcriptomics of the Drosophila olfactory subsystems identifies a support cell-expressed Osiris protein required for pheromone sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nose of most animals comprises multiple sensory subsystems, which are defined by the expression of different olfactory receptor families. Drosophila melanogaster antennae comprise two morphologically and functionally distinct subsystems that express Odorant receptors (Ors) or Ionotropic receptors (Irs). Although these receptors have been thoroughly characterized in this species, the subsystem-specific expression and roles of other genes are much less well-understood. Here we generate subsystem-specific transcriptomic datasets to identify hundreds of genes, encoding diverse protein classes, that are selectively enriched in either Or or Ir subsystems. Using single-cell antennal transcriptomic data and RNA in situ hybridization, we find most neuronal genes - other than sensory receptor genes - are broadly expressed within the subsystems. By contrast, we identify many non-neuronal genes that exhibit highly selective cell-type expression, revealing substantial molecular heterogeneity in the non-neuronal cellular components of these olfactory subsystems. We characterize one Or subsystem-specific non-neuronal molecule, Osiris 8 (Osi8), a conserved member of a large family of insect transmembrane proteins. Osi8 is expressed in tormogen support cells that are associated with pheromone sensing neurons. Loss of Osi8 abolishes high sensitivity neuronal responses to pheromone ligands. Together this work identifies a new protein required for insect pheromone detection, emphasizes the importance of support cells in sensory responses, and provides a resource for future characterization of other olfactory subsystem-specific genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scalzotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruchet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armida, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.09.483212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative transcriptomics of the Drosophila olfactory subsystems identifies a support cell-expressed Osiris protein required for pheromone sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Injury-induced pulmonary tuft cells are heterogenous, arise independent of key Type 2 cytokines, and are dispensable for dysplastic repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the lung bears significant regenerative capacity, severe viral pneumonia can chronically impair lung function by triggering dysplastic remodeling. The connection between these enduring changes and chronic disease remains poorly understood. We recently described the emergence of tuft cells within Krt5+ dysplastic regions after influenza injury. Using bulk and single cell transcriptomics, we characterized and delineated multiple distinct tuft cell populations that arise following influenza clearance. Distinct from intestinal tuft cells which rely on Type 2 immune signals for their expansion, neither IL-25 nor IL-4R signaling are required to drive tuft cell development in dysplastic/injured lungs. Furthermore, tuft cells were also observed upon bleomycin injury, suggesting that their development may be a general response to severe lung injury. While intestinal tuft cells promote growth and differentiation of surrounding epithelial cells, in the lungs of tuft cell deficient mice, Krt5+ dysplasia still occurs, goblet cell production is unchanged, and there remains no appreciable contribution of Krt5+ cells into more regionally appropriate alveolar Type 2 cells. Together, these findings highlight unexpected differences in signals necessary for lung tuft cell amplification and establish a framework for future elucidation of tuft cell functions in pulmonary health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernanda de Mello Costa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holcomb, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palashikar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsumoto, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolskee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.10.483754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Injury-induced pulmonary tuft cells are heterogenous, arise independent of key Type 2 cytokines, and are dispensable for dysplastic repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The KASH5 protein involved in meiotic chromosomal movements is a novel dynein activating adaptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynein harnesses ATP hydrolysis to move cargo on microtubules in multiple biological contexts. Dynein meets a unique challenge in meiosis by moving chromosomes tethered to the nuclear envelope to facilitate homolog pairing essential for gametogenesis. Though processive dynein motility requires binding to an activating adaptor, the identity of the activating adaptor required for dynein to move meiotic chromosomes is unknown. We show that the meiosis-specific nuclear-envelope protein KASH5 is a dynein activating adaptor: KASH5 directly binds dynein using a mechanism conserved among activating adaptors and converts dynein into a processive motor. We map the dynein-binding surface of KASH5, identifying mutations that abrogate dynein binding in vitro and disrupt recruitment of the dynein machinery to the nuclear envelope in cultured cells and mouse spermatocytes in vivo. Our study identifies KASH5 as the first transmembrane dynein activating adaptor and provides molecular insights into how it activates dynein during meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillies, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrott, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibuya, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandakumar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSantis, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The KASH5 protein involved in meiotic chromosomal movements is a novel dynein activating adaptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opiate responses are controlled by interactions of Oprm1 and Fgf12 loci in the murine BXD family: Correspondence to human GWAS finding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exploring the molecular genetic cascades responsible for behavioral responses to opioids can improve our understanding of drug use initiation. We generated high-precision time-series data for 105 morphine- and naloxone-related traits across [~]700 young adult BXD mice (64 diverse strains and both sexes) for 3 hours after a single morphine injection. Variations in responses were mapped using high precision sequencing-based genotypes. The initial locomotor responses to morphine map precisely to the {micro} opioid receptor gene (MOR or Oprm1) on chromosome (Chr) 10 with a peak linkage of 12.4 (-log10P). The B allele inherited from C57BL/6J is associated with up to 60% higher activity. This effect climaxes at 75 min but is exhausted by 160 min. A second major modulator of opioid activation emerges after about 100 min and is located on Chr 16 with peak linkages of 10.6 (-log10P) in females, also associated with a high B allele. This locus includes only one compelling candidate--fibroblast growth factor 12 (Fgf12), a 600 Kb gene that controls sodium current kinetics at the axon hillock. A strong and transient epistatic interaction exists between the Oprm1 and Fgf12 loci during a short time window (45-75 min). The combination of a B haplotype at Oprm1 with a D haplotype from DBA/2J at Fgf12 is associated with unusually high activity. In a complementary study in heterogeneous stock rats we demonstrate that Oprm1 and Fgf12 are co-expressed in one specific subtype of Drd1+ medium spiny neuron. A Bayesian network analysis supports an Oprm1-to-Fgf12 network that involves a MAP kinase cascade--Mapk8ip2, Map3k11, and Map3k12--that we hypothesize modulates FGF12 phosphorylation, Nav1.2 sodium channel state, and locomotor activation. OPRM1 and FGF12 networks in human GWAS data highlight enrichment of signals associated with substance use disorder. This is the first demonstration of a time-dependent epistatic interaction modulating drug response in mammals and the first linkage of Fgf12 to opioid sensitivity and potentially to sodium channel activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittleman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiner, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrettini, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashbrook, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunturkun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulligan, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opiate responses are controlled by interactions of Oprm1 and Fgf12 loci in the murine BXD family: Correspondence to human GWAS finding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.17.484767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mesoaccumbal glutamate neurons drive reward via glutamate release, but aversion via dopamine co-release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.17.484767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) projections to the nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAc) drive reward-related motivation. Although dopamine neurons are predominant, a substantial glutamatergic projection is also present, and a subset of these populations can release both dopamine and glutamate. Optogenetic stimulation of VTA glutamate neurons supports self-stimulation, but can also induce place avoidance, even in the same assay. Here, we parsed the selective contribution of glutamate or dopamine co-release from VTA glutamate neurons to reinforcement and avoidance. We expressed Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in VTA glutamate neurons, in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt either the gene encoding vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) or Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th). Selective disruption of VGLUT2 abolished optogenetic self-stimulation, but left real-time place avoidance intact, while CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of Th preserved optogenetic self-stimulation but abolished place avoidance. Our results demonstrate that glutamate release from VTA glutamate neurons is positively reinforcing, but that dopamine release from these same neurons can induce avoidance behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Warlow, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunker, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.17.484767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mesoaccumbal glutamate neurons drive reward via glutamate release, but aversion via dopamine co-release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.19.484994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cloning of Nine Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms from the Slender African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.19.484994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We wanted to clone the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) from slender African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi) for comparison to P. dolloi MR, which we had cloned and were characterizing, as well as for comparison to the GRs from humans, elephant shark and zebrafish. However, although sequencing of the genome of the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri), as well as, that of the West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) were reported in the first three months of 2021, we could not retrieve a GR sequence with a BLAST search of GenBank, when we submitted our research for publication in July 2021. Moreover, we were unsuccessful in cloning the GR from slender African lungfish using a cDNA from the ovary of P. dolloi and PCR primers that had successfully cloned a GR from elephant shark, Xenopus and gar GRs. On October 21, 2021 the nucleotide sequence of West African lungfish (P. annectens) GR was deposited in GenBank. We used this GR sequence to construct PCR primers that successfully cloned the GR from the slender spotted lungfish. Here, we report the sequences of nine P. dolloi GR isoforms and explain the basis for the previous failure to clone a GR from slender African lungfish using PCR primers that cloned the GR from elephant shark, Xenopus and gar. Studies are underway to determine corticosteroid activation of these slender African lungfish GRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.19.484994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cloning of Nine Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms from the Slender African lungfish (Protopterus dolloi)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Nucleus RNA Sequencing of Pre-Malignant Liver Reveals Disease-Associated Hepatocyte State with HCC Prognostic Potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current approaches to stage chronic liver diseases have limited utility to directly predict liver cancer risk. Here, we employed single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the cellular microenvironment of healthy and chronically injured pre-malignant livers using two distinct mouse models. Analysis of 40,748 hepatic nuclei unraveled a previously uncharacterized disease-associated hepatocyte transcriptional state (daHep). These cells were absent in healthy livers, but were increasingly prevalent as chronic liver disease progressed towards hepatocarcinogenesis. Gene expression deconvolution of 1,439 human liver transcriptomes from publicly available datasets revealed that daHep frequencies highly correlate with current histopathological liver disease staging systems. Importantly, we show that high daHep levels precede carcinogenesis in mice and humans and predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. This novel transcriptional signature with diagnostic and, more importantly, prognostic significance has the potential to change the way chronic liver disease patients are staged, surveilled and risk-stratified.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carlessi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denisenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boslem, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehn-Gaone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Main, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakar, N. D. B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirolkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poppe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwyer, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackaman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjiam, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lister, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallowfield, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forbes, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olynyk, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeoh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, A. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramm, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Febbraio, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirnitz-Parker, J. E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Nucleus RNA Sequencing of Pre-Malignant Liver Reveals Disease-Associated Hepatocyte State with HCC Prognostic Potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is prevented by blocking postictal hypoxia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epilepsy is at times a fatal disease. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of mortality in people with intractable epilepsy and is defined by exclusion; non-accidental, non-toxicologic, and non-anatomic causes of death. While SUDEP often follows a bilateral tonic-clonic seizure, the mechanisms that ultimately lead to terminal apnea and then asystole remain elusive and there is a lack preventative treatments. Based on the observation that discrete seizures lead to local vasoconstriction, resulting in hypoperfusion, hypoxia and behavioural disturbances in the forebrain (Farrell et al., 2016), we reasoned that similar mechanisms may play a role in SUDEP when seizures invade the brainstem. Here we tested this neurovascular-based hypothesis of SUDEP in awake non-anesthetized mice by pharmacologically preventing seizure-induced vasoconstriction, with cyclooxygenase-2 or L-type calcium channel antagonists. In both acute and chronic mouse models of SUDEP, ibuprofen and nicardipine extended life. We also examined the potential role of spreading depolarization in the acute model of SUDEP. These data provide a proof of principle for the neurovascular hypothesis of SUDEP and the use of currently available treatments to prevent it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>George, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colangeli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gom, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesler, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Hoz, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rho, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurrasch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teskey, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is prevented by blocking postictal hypoxia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spatial genome aligner for multiplexed DNA-FISH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has emerged as a powerful approach for analyzing 3D genome organization, but it is eminently challenging to derive chromosomal conformations from noisy fluorescence signals. Tracing chromatin is not straightforward as chromosomes lack conserved shapes for reference checking whether an observed fluorescence signal belongs to a chromatin fiber or not. Here we report a spatial genome aligner that parses true chromatin signal from noise by aligning signals to a DNA polymer model. We demonstrate that this spatial genome aligner can efficiently reconstruct chromosome architectures from DNA-FISH data across multiple scales and determine chromosome ploidies de novo in interphase cells. Reprocessing of previous whole-genome chromosome tracing data with this method revealed the spatial aggregation of sister chromatids in S/G2 phase cells in asynchronous mouse embryonic stem cells, and uncovered extranumerary chromosomes that remain tightly paired in post-mitotic neurons of the adult mouse cortex. Our spatial genome aligner may facilitate the adaption of multiplexed DNA-FISH by the community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jussila, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spatial genome aligner for multiplexed DNA-FISH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.28.486034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sperm mosaicism predicts transmission of de novo mutations to human blastocysts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.28.486034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo mutations underlie individually rare but collectively common pediatric congenital disorders. Some of these mutations can also be detected in tissues and from cells in a parent, where their abundance and tissue distribution can be measured. We previously reported that a subset of these mutations is detectable in sperm from the father, predicted to impact the health of offspring. Here, in three independent couples undergoing in vitro fertilization, we first assessed male gonadal mosaicism, then assessed the transmission of the mutations to their preimplantation blastocysts. We found an overall predictable transmission but slight under-transmission of mutations to blastocysts based upon measured mutational abundance in sperm, and we replicated this conclusion in an independent family-based cohort. Therefore, unbiased preimplantation genetic testing for gonadal mosaicism may represent a feasible approach to reduce the transmission of potentially harmful de novo mutations, which could help to reduce their impact on miscarriage and pediatric disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy-Venneri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.28.486034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sperm mosaicism predicts transmission of de novo mutations to human blastocysts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of a miniaturized ultrasound transducer customized for oral health applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo customize a miniaturized ultrasound transducer to access full-mouth B-mode, color Doppler and spectral Doppler imaging for monitoring oral health.

MethodsA customized periodontal ultrasound transducer SS-19-128 (19 MHz, 128 channels) with 1.8 cm wide and 1 cm thick was developed and connected to a data acquisition (DAQ) system. B-mode, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler data could all be collected with SS-19-128. The imaging resolution and penetration capacity of SS-19-128 were characterized on phantoms. Five human subjects were recruited to demonstrate B-mode and Doppler imaging by SS-19-128. Gingival thickness was measured on 11 swine teeth by SS-19-128 for comparison to conventional transgingival probing via Bland-Altman analysis and Pearson correlation.

ResultsThe axial and lateral spatial resolution at 5.5 mm depth is 102.1 m and 142.9 m, respectively. The penetration depth in a tissue-mimicking phantom is over 30 mm. In vivo B-mode imaging of all 28 teeth was demonstrated on one human subject, and imaging of tooth #18 was accessed on five human subjects. Gingival thickness measurement compared with transgingival probing showed a bias of -0.015 mm and SD of 0.031 mm, and a r = 0.9235 (P<0.0001) correlation. In vivo color and spectral Doppler imaging of the supraperiosteal artery in human gingiva was performed to generate hemodynamic information.

ConclusionsThe small size of SS-19-128 offers important advantages over existing technology--more specifically, whole-mouth scanning/charting reminiscent of radiography. This is nearly a two-fold increase in the number of teeth that can be assessed versus existing transducers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khazaeinezhad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jokerst, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of a miniaturized ultrasound transducer customized for oral health applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An untargeted metabolomics analysis of exogenous chemicals in human milk and transfer to the infant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human milk is the optimal infant nutrition. However, while human-derived metabolites such as lipids and oligosaccharides in human milk are regularly reported, the presence of exogenous chemicals (such as drugs, food, and synthetic compounds) are often not addressed. To understand the types of exogenous compounds that might be present, human milk (n=996) was analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. This analysis revealed that lifestyle molecules such as medications and their metabolites, food, industrial sources such as plasticizers, cosmetics, microbial molecules, and other personal care products are found in human milk. We provide further evidence that some of these lifestyle molecules are also detectable in the newborns stool. Thus, this study gives important insight into the types of exposures infants receiving human milk might ingest due to the lifestyle choices, exposure, or medical status of the lactating parent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An untargeted metabolomics analysis of exogenous chemicals in human milk and transfer to the infant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory evolution of synthetic electron transport system variants reveals a larger metabolic respiratory system and its plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Respiration requires organisms to have an electron transport system (ETS) for the generation of proton motive force across the membrane that drives ATP synthase. Although the molecular details of the ETS are well studied and constitute textbook material, few studies have appeared to elucidate its systems biology. The most thermodynamically efficient ETS consists of two enzymes, an NADH: quinone oxidoreductase (NqRED) and a dioxygen reductase (O2RED), which facilitate the shuttling of electrons from NADH to oxygen. However, evolution has produced variations within ETS which modulate the overall energy efficiency of the system even within the same organism 1-3. The system-level impact of these variations and their individual physiological optimality remain poorly determined. To mimic varying ETS efficiency we generated four Escherichia coli deletion strains (named ETS-1H, 2H, 3H, and 4H) harboring unbranched ETS variants that pump 1, 2, 3, or 4 proton(s) per electron respectively. We then used a combination of synergistic methods (laboratory evolution, multi-omic analyses, and computation of proteome allocation) to characterize these ETS variants. We found that: (a) all four ETS variants evolved to a similar optimized growth rate, (b) the evolution of ETS variants was enabled by specific rewiring of major energy-generating pathways that couple to the ETS to optimize their ATP production capability, (c) proteome allocation per ATP generated was the same for all the variants, (d) the aero-type, that designates the overall ATP generation strategy 4 of a variant, remained conserved during its laboratory evolution, with the exception of the ETS-4H variant, and (e) integrated computational analysis of then data supported a proton-to-ATP ratio of 10 protons per 3 ATP for ATP synthase for all four ETS variants. We thus have defined the Aero-Type System (ATS) as a generalization of the aerobic bioenergetics, which is descriptive of the metabolic systems biology of respiration and demonstrates its plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.487013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory evolution of synthetic electron transport system variants reveals a larger metabolic respiratory system and its plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory-acquired mutations fall outside the wild-type alleleome of Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inexpensive DNA sequencing has led to a rapidly increasing number of whole genome sequences in the public domain. Natural sequence variation can now be assessed across a large number of sequenced strains of a bacterial species, resulting in the definition of the wild-type alleleome (the collection of alleles for every gene found in the species). Concurrently, laboratory evolution emerged as a new approach to address biological questions and to develop new phenotypic traits, and a large number of laboratory acquired mutations can be found in databases. The availability of this large-scale sequence variation data now allows for a detailed comparison of mutations fixed in natural versus laboratory evolutions. Such comparison shows that laboratory-acquired mutations are rarely found in the wild-type alleleome of Escherichia coli. The E. coli alleleome is highly conserved as most of the sequence variation is concentrated in about 2% of the coding region. We find that there are typically two alternate amino acids coded for in the variable locations, and switches between the two are found in the data sets. Finally, we find that adaptive laboratory mutations, unlike wild-type mutations, do not utilize the redundancy built into the genetic code: they are less likely to be synonymous and rely on changing a single nucleotide in a codon. However, the uniqueness of mutations fixed in laboratory evolutions bodes well for synthetic biology by revealing novel exploitable sequence space untouched by natural evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Catoiu, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.487056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory-acquired mutations fall outside the wild-type alleleome of Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advanced transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of efflux pumps and media composition in antibiotic responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and major cause of hospital acquired infections. The pathogenicity and virulence of P. aeruginosa is largely determined by its transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). We used 411 transcription profiles of P. aeruginosa from diverse growth conditions to construct a quantitative TRN by identifying independently modulated sets of genes (called iModulons) and their condition-specific activity levels. The current study focused on the use of iModulons to analyze pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa. Our analysis revealed: 1) 116 iModulons, 81 of which show strong association with known regulators; 2) novel roles of two-component systems in regulating antibiotics efflux pumps; 3) substrate-efflux pump associations; 4) differential iModulon activity in response to beta-lactam antibiotics in bacteriological and physiological media; 5) differential activation of  Cell Division iModulon resulting from exposure to different beta-lactam antibiotics; and 6) a role of the PprB iModulon in the stress-induced transition from planktonic to biofilm lifestyle. In light of these results, the construction of an iModulon-based TRN provides a transcriptional regulatory basis for key aspects of P. aeruginosa infection, such as antibiotic stress responses and biofilm formation. Taken together, our results offer a novel mechanistic understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenicity.

SignificanceLarge data sets and machine learning are impacting a growing number of areas of research in the life sciences. Once the compendia of bacterial transcriptomes reached a critical size, we could use source signal extraction algorithms to find lists of co-regulated genes (called iModulons) associated with a transcription factor (TF) to them. The gene composition of iModulons and their condition-dependent activity levels constitute a quantitative description of the composition of bacterial transcriptomes. This study shows how this approach can be used to reveal the responses of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics and thus yield a deep regulatory understanding of pathogenicity properties. This study motivates the execution of similar studies for the other ESKAPEEs to yield a broad understanding of the role of TRNs in antibiotic responses to these urgent threat bacterial pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.487074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advanced transcriptomic analysis reveals the role of efflux pumps and media composition in antibiotic responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.05.487060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted protein S-nitrosylation of ACE2 as potential treatment to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.05.487060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prevention of infection and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 is of high priority in the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we describe S-nitrosylation of multiple proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, including angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for viral entry. This reaction prevents binding of ACE2 to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, thereby inhibiting viral entry, infectivity, and cytotoxicity. Aminoadamantane compounds also inhibit coronavirus ion channels formed by envelope (E) protein. Accordingly, we developed dual-mechanism aminoadamantane nitrate compounds that inhibit viral entry and thus spread of infection by S-nitrosylating ACE2 via targeted delivery of the drug after E-protein channel blockade. These non-toxic compounds are active in vitro and in vivo in the Syrian hamster COVID-19 model, and thus provide a novel avenue for therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oh, C.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pina-Crespo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talantova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trudler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnevale, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKercher, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakowski, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaabani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.05.487060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted protein S-nitrosylation of ACE2 as potential treatment to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive multiomic profiling of somatic mutations in malformations of cortical development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are neurological conditions displaying focal disruption of cortical architecture and cellular organization arising during embryogenesis, largely from somatic mosaic mutations. Identifying the genetic causes of MCD has been a challenge, as mutations remain at low allelic fractions in brain tissue resected to treat epilepsy. Here, we report a genetic atlas from 317 brain resections, identifying 69 mutated genes through intensive profiling of somatic mutations, combining whole-exome and targeted-amplicon sequencing with functional validation and single-cell sequencing. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis elucidated specific MCD gene sets associating distinct pathophysiological and clinical phenotypes. The unique spatiotemporal expression patterns identified by comparing single-nucleus transcriptional sequences of mutated genes in control and patient brains implicate critical roles in excitatory neurogenic pools during brain development, and in promoting neuronal hyperexcitability after birth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vong, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donkels, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, A. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, C. A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nidhiry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze-Bonhage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbach, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nespeca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonda, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathern, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abyzov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldassari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulac, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Focal Corti</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.07.487401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive multiomic profiling of somatic mutations in malformations of cortical development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reelin deficiency exacerbates cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion by enhancing neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Reln gene encodes for the extracellular glycoprotein Reelin, which regulates several brain functions from development to adulthood, including neuronal migration, dendritic growth and branching, and synapse formation and plasticity. Human studies have implicated Reelin signaling in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Mouse studies using the heterozygous Reeler (HR) mice have shown that reduced levels of Reln expression are associated with deficits in learning and memory and increased disinhibition. Although these traits are relevant to substance use disorders, the role of Reelin in cellular and behavioral responses to addictive drugs remains largely unknown. Here, we compared HR mice to wild-type (WT) littermate controls to investigate the contribution of Reelin signaling to the hyper-locomotor and rewarding effects of cocaine. After a single cocaine injection, HR mice showed enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity compared to WT controls. After repeated injections of cocaine, Reelin deficiency also led to increased cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization, which persisted after withdrawal. In contrast, Reelin deficiency did not affect the rewarding effects of cocaine measured in the conditioned place preference assay. The elevated cocaine-induced hyper-locomotion in HR mice resulted in increased Fos expression in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) compared to WT. Lastly, we found that Reln was highly co-expressed with the Drd1 gene, which encodes for the dopamine receptor D1, in the DMS.

These findings demonstrated that Reelin signaling contributes to the locomotory effects of cocaine and improved our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the cellular and behavioral effects of cocaine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iemolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.488105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reelin deficiency exacerbates cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion by enhancing neuronal activity in the dorsomedial striatum.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overexpressing eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) proteins to promote corticospinal axon repair after injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.14.488293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although protein synthesis is hypothesized to have a pivotal role in axonal repair after central nervous system (CNS) injury, the role of core components of the protein synthesis machinery has not been examined. Notably, some elongation factors possess non-canonical functions that may further impact axonal repair. Here, we examined whether overexpressing eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) proteins enhances the collateral sprouting of corticospinal tract (CST) neurons after unilateral pyramidotomy, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms. Compared with axonal regeneration from injured neurons, axonal sprouting from uninjured neurons occurs spontaneously after injury and may represent a more accessible form of axonal repair for clinical translation. We found that overexpressing eEF1A1, eEF1A2 or both proteins in CST neurons increased the levels of pS6, an indicator for mTOR activity, in neuronal somas. In contrast, the levels of pSTAT3 and pAKT were not increased. Strikingly, overexpressing eEF1A2 alone, but neither eEF1A1 alone nor both factors simultaneously, increased protein synthesis and actin rearrangement in CST neurons. While eEF1A1 overexpression only slightly enhanced CST sprouting across the midline into the denervated side in the cervical spinal after pyramidotomy, eEF1A2 overexpression substantially enhanced this sprouting. Surprisingly, co-overexpression of both eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 led to a sprouting phenotype similar to wild-type controls, suggesting an antagonistic effect of overexpressing both proteins. These data provide the first evidence that overexpressing a core component of the translation machinery, eEF1A2, enhances CST sprouting, likely by a combination of increased protein synthesis, mTOR signaling and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romaus-Sanjurjo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saikia, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, G. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.14.488293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overexpressing eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) proteins to promote corticospinal axon repair after injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular diversity and phenotypic pleiotropy of genomic regulatory loci derived from human endogenous retrovirus type H (HERVH) promoter LTR7 and HERVK promoter LTR5_Hs and their impacts on pathophysiology of Modern Humans. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted DNA sequences conservation analyses of 17 primate species demonstrated that human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) LTR7/HERVH and LTR5_Hs/HERVK appear to have distinct evolutionary histories charted by evidence of the earliest presence and expansion of highly-conserved (HC) LTR sequences. HC-LTR7 loci were mapped to genomes of Old World Monkeys (18% of all HC-LTR7 loci), suggesting that LTR7/HERVH have entered germlines of primates in Africa after the separation of the New World Monkey lineage. HC-LTR5_Hs loci have been identified in the Gibbons genome (24% of all HC-LTR5_Hs loci), suggesting that LTR5_Hs/HERVK successfully colonized primates germlines after the segregation of Gibbons species. Subsequently, both LTR7 and LTR5_Hs undergo a marked [~]4-5-fold expansion in genomes of Great Apes. Timelines of quantitative expansion of both LTR7 and LTR5_Hs loci during evolution of Great Apes appear to replicate the consensus evolutionary sequence of increasing cognitive and behavioral complexities of non-human primates, which seems particularly striking for LTR7 loci and 11 distinct LTR7 subfamilies.

Consistent with previous reports, identified in this study 351 human-specific (HS) insertions of LTR7 (175 loci) and LTR5_Hs (176 loci) regulatory sequences have been linked to genes implicated in establishment and maintenance of naive and primed pluripotent states and preimplantation embryogenesis phenotypes. Unexpectedly, HS regulatory LTRs appear linked with genes encoding markers of 12 distinct cells populations of fetal gonads, as well as genes implicated in physiology and pathology of human spermatogenesis, including Y-linked spermatogenic failure, oligo- and azoospermia.

Granular investigations of genes linked with eleven LTR7 subfamilies revealed that mammalian offspring survival (MOS) genes seem to remain one of consistent regulatory targets throughout [~]30 MYA of the divergent evolution of LTR7 loci. Differential GSEA of MOS versus non-MOS genes identified clearly discernable dominant enrichment patterns of phenotypic traits affected by MOS genes linked with LTR7 (562 MOS genes) and LTR5_Hs (126 MOS genes) regulatory loci across the large panel of genomics and proteomics databases reflecting a broad spectrum of human physiological and pathological traits. GSEA of LTR7-linked MOS genes identified more than 2200 significantly enriched records of human common and rare diseases and gene signatures of 466 significantly enriched records of Human Phenotype Ontology traits, including 92 genes of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance and 93 genes of Autosomal Recessive Inheritance.

One of the most informative categories of genes linked with LTR7 elements were genes implicated in functional and morphological features of central nervous system, including genes regulating synaptic transmission and protein-protein interactions at synapses, as well as gene signatures differentially regulated in cells of distinct neurodevelopmental stages and morphologically diverse cell types residing and functioning in human brain. These include Neural Stem/Precursor cells, Radial Glia cells, Bergman Glia cells, Pyramidal cells, Tanycytes, Immature neurons, Interneurons, Trigeminal neurons, GABAergic neurons, and Glutamatergic neurons. GSEA of LTR7-linked regulatory targets identified significantly enriched sets of genes encoding markers of more than 80 specialized types of neurons and markers of 521 human brain regions, most prominently, subiculum and dentate gyrus amongst top significantly enriched records. These observations were validated and extended by identification and characterization of 1944 genes comprising high-fidelity down-steam regulatory targets of LTR7 and/or LTR5_Hs loci, which are markedly enriched for genes implicated in neoplasm metastasis, intellectual disability, autism, multiple cancer types, Alzheimers, schizophrenia, and other brain disorders. Despite distinct evolutionary histories of retroviral LTRs, genes representing down-stream regulatory targets of LTR7 and LTR5_Hs elements exert the apparently cooperative and exceedingly broad phenotypic impacts on human physiology and pathology. Observations reported in this contribution highlight the need to accelerate the in-depth experimental and translational explorations of these important genomic determinants of Modern Humans health and disease states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glinsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.19.488808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular diversity and phenotypic pleiotropy of genomic regulatory loci derived from human endogenous retrovirus type H (HERVH) promoter LTR7 and HERVK promoter LTR5_Hs and their impacts on pathophysiology of Modern Humans.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.25.489471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative analysis of the 3D genome and epigenome in mouse embryonic tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.25.489471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While a rich set of putative cis-regulatory sequences involved in mouse fetal development has been annotated recently based on chromatin accessibility and histone modification patterns, delineating their role in developmentally regulated gene expression continues to be challenging. To fill this gap, we mapped chromatin contacts between gene promoters and distal sequences genome-wide in seven mouse fetal tissues, and for one of them, across six developmental stages. We identified 248,620 long-range chromatin interactions centered at 14,138 protein-coding genes and characterized their tissue-to-tissue variations as well as developmental dynamics. Integrative analysis of the interactome with previous epigenome and transcriptome datasets from the same tissues revealed a strong correlation between the chromatin contacts and chromatin state at distal enhancers, as well as gene expression patterns at predicted target genes. We predicted target genes of 15,098 candidate enhancers, and used them to annotate target genes of homologous candidate enhancers in the human genome that harbor risk variants of human diseases. We present evidence that schizophrenia and other adult disease risk variants are frequently found in fetal enhancers, providing support for the hypothesis of fetal origins of adult diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raviram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.25.489471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative analysis of the 3D genome and epigenome in mouse embryonic tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupling of NOD2 to GIV is Required for Bacterial Sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACT/SUMMARYSensing of pathogens by Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like 2 receptor (NOD2) induces a protective inflammatory response that coordinates bacterial clearance. Polymorphisms in NOD2 impair bacterial clearance, leading to chronic gut inflammation in Crohns disease (CD) via mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. We identify GIV/Girdin (CCDC88A) as a NOD2-interactor that shapes bacterial sensing-and-signaling in macrophages. Myeloid-specific GIV depletion exacerbated and protracted infectious colitis and abolished the protective effect of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in both chemical colitis and severe sepsis. In the presence of GIV, macrophages enhance anti-bacterial pathways downstream of NOD2, clear microbes rapidly and concomitantly suppress inflammation. GIVs actions are mediated via its C-terminus, which directly binds the terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR#10) of NOD2; binding is augmented by MDP and ATP, precedes receptor oligomerization, and is abolished by the 1007fs CD-risk variant which lacks LRR#10. Findings illuminate mechanisms that underlie protective NOD2 signaling and loss of function in the major 1007fs variant.

In briefThis work reveals a mechanism by which macrophages use their innate immune sensor, NOD2, to protect the host against overzealous inflammation during bacterial infections, and the consequences of its loss, as occurs in the most important Crohns disease-risk variant.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/489574v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (61K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@139a1feorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ba5354org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b4d933org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11fe12e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIGIV is a functional and direct interactor of the terminal LRR repeat of NOD2
C_LIO_LIMice lacking M[FE] GIV develop dysbiosis, protracted ileocolitis and sepsis
C_LIO_LIMDP/NOD2-dependent protective host responses require GIV
C_LIO_LICD-risk NOD2 1007fs variant lacking the terminal LRR#10 cannot bind GIV
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coates, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.26.489574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupling of NOD2 to GIV is Required for Bacterial Sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved signaling pathway activates bacterial CBASS immune signaling in response to DNA damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.27.489752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To protect themselves from the constant threat of bacteriophage (phage) infection, bacteria have evolved diverse immune systems including restriction/modification, CRISPR/Cas, and many others. Here we describe the discovery of a two-protein transcriptional regulator module associated with hundreds of CBASS (Cyclic oligonucleotide Based Anti-phage Signaling System) immune systems, and demonstrate that this module drives expression of its associated CBASS system in response to DNA damage. We show that the helix-turn-helix transcriptional repressor CapH binds the promoter region of its associated CBASS system to repress transcription until it is cleaved by the metallopeptidase CapP. CapP is inactive except in the presence of single-stranded DNA, and CapP activity in cells is stimulated by DNA-damaging drugs. Together, CapH and CapP drive increased expression of their associated CBASS system in response to DNA damage. In both their structures and mechanisms, CapH and CapP resemble regulators that drive increased expression of DNA damage response genes in radiation-resistant Deinococcus, and control the mobilization of prophages and mobile elements in response to DNA damage. We also identify CapH and CapP-related proteins associated with diverse known and putative bacterial immune systems, including DISARM and two uncharacterized operons encoding proteins related to eukaryotic ubiquitin signaling pathways. Overall, our data highlight a mechanism by which bacterial immune systems can sense and respond to a universal stress signal, potentially enabling multiple immune systems to mount a coordinated defensive effort against an invading pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lau, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved signaling pathway activates bacterial CBASS immune signaling in response to DNA damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An auto-inhibited state of protein kinase G and implications for selective activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs) are key mediators of the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway that regulates biological functions as diverse as smooth muscle contraction, cardiac function, and axon guidance. Campaigns targeting nitric oxide synthases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in this signaling axis suggest that understanding how cGMP differentially triggers mammalian PKG isoforms could lead to new therapeutics that inhibit or activate PKGs. Alternate splicing of PRKG1 transcripts confers distinct leucine zippers, linkers, and auto-inhibitory pseudo-substrate sequences to PKG I and I{beta} that result in isoform-specific activation properties, but the mechanism of enzyme auto-inhibition and its alleviation by cGMP is still not well understood. Here we present a crystal structure of PKG I{beta} in which the auto-inhibitory sequence and the cyclic nucleotide binding domains are bound to the catalytic domain, providing a snapshot of the auto-inhibited state. Specific contacts between the PKG I{beta} auto-inhibitory sequence and the enzyme active site help explain isoform-specific activation constants and the effects of phosphorylation in the linker. We also present a crystal structure of a PKG I cyclic nucleotide binding domain with an activating mutation linked to Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. Similarity of this structure to wild type cGMP-bound domains and differences with the auto-inhibited enzyme provide a mechanistic basis for constitutive activation. We show that PKG I{beta} auto-inhibition is mediated by contacts within each monomer of the native full-length dimeric protein, and using the available structural and biochemical data we develop a model for the regulation and activation of PKGs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henning, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanSchouwen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaran, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKenzie, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melacini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casteel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herberg, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An auto-inhibited state of protein kinase G and implications for selective activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.01.490248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerated aging induced by stress in experimental murine ocular hypertension. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.01.490248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging, a universal process that affects all cells in an organism, is a major risk factor for a group of neuropathies called glaucoma, where elevated intraocular pressure is one of the known stresses affecting the tissue. Our understanding of molecular impact of aging on response to stress in retina is very limited, therefore we developed a new mouse model to approach this question experimentally. Here we show that susceptibility to response to stress increases with age and is primed on epigenetic level. We demonstrate that program activated by hypertension is similar to natural aging, and that one of the earliest pathways activated upon stress is senescence. Finally, we show that multiple instances of pressure elevation cause accelerated aging of young retina as measured on transcriptional and epigenetic level. Our work emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and prevention as well as age-specific management of age-related eye-diseases, including glaucoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rydz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Huu, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomino La Torre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinreb, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyon, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.01.490248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerated aging induced by stress in experimental murine ocular hypertension.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490259v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeated birth injuries lead to pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and impairment in regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490259v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesChildbirth is a key risk factor for pelvic floor muscle (PFM) injury and dysfunction, and subsequent pelvic floor disorders (PFDs). Multiparity further exacerbates these risks. Using the pre-clinical rat model of simulated birth injury (SBI), we previously identified that an SBI leads to PFM atrophy and fibrosis. We hypothesized that multiple SBIs further overwhelm PFM regenerative capacity, leading to functionally relevant pathological alterations long-term.

Study DesignRats underwent SBI and were allowed to recover for 8 weeks to undergo another SBI. Animals were sacrificed at acute, subacute, and long-term time points post-second injury (N=3-6/time point), and pubocaudalis (PCa) was harvested to assess ex vivo muscle function, histomorphological properties and gene expression.

ResultsAcutely following the 1st SBI, PCa force was decreased relative to controls. At 4 weeks, PCa force was recovered and remained unchanged at 8 weeks. Similarly, lower PCa force was observed immediately after repeated SBI. In contrast to functional recovery after 1st SBI, PCa force remained lower at 4 weeks post-2nd SBI and continued to be decreased even after 12 weeks after repeated injury. Fiber size was smaller at the long-term time points after 2nd SBI compared to controls and single SBI groups. As opposed to the resolution of centralized nuclei at 8 weeks post-1st SBI, regenerating myofibers persisted even at 12 weeks post-2nd SBI. In contrast to the peak of collagen content at 4 weeks post-1st SBI, this parameter raised progressively over 12 weeks after repeated SBIs. Prolonged inflammatory response, impairment in muscle anabolism, and sustained expression of ECM remodeling genes were observed after repeated SBIs.

ConclusionsRepeated birth injuries delay PFM regeneration and impair function in the pre-clinical rat model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelus, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490259</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeated birth injuries lead to pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and impairment in regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in cerebral cavernous malformation disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCMs) are neurovascular lesions caused by loss-of-function mutations in one of three genes, including KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2, and PDCD10 (CCM3). CCMs affect [~]1/200 children and adults, and no pharmacologic therapy is available. CCM lesion count, size, and aggressiveness vary widely among patients of similar ages with the same mutation or even within members of the same family. However, what determines the transition from quiescent lesions into mature and active (aggressive) CCM lesions is unknown.

MethodsWe use genetic, RNA-seq, histology, flow cytometry and imaging techniques to report the interaction between CCM-endothelium, astrocytes, leukocytes, microglia/macrophages, neutrophils (CALMN interaction) during the pathogenesis of CCMs in the brain tissue.

ResultsExpression profile of astrocytes in adult mouse brains using translated mRNAs obtained from the purification of EGFP-tagged ribosomes (Aldh1l1-EGFP/Rpl10a) in the presence or absence of CCM lesions (Slco1c1-iCreERT2;Pdcd10fl/fl; Pdcd10BECKO) identifies a novel gene signature for neuroinflammatory astrogliosis. CCM reactive astrocytes have a neuroinflammatory capacity by expressing genes involved in angiogenesis, chemotaxis, hypoxia signaling, and inflammation. RNA-seq analysis on RNA isolated from brain endothelial cells (BECs) in chronic Pdcd10BECKO mice (CCM-endothelium), identified crucial genes involved in recruiting inflammatory cells and thrombus formation through chemotaxis and coagulation pathways. In addition, CCM- endothelium was associated with increased expression of Nlrp3 and Il1b. Pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 significantly decreased inflammasome activity as assessed by quantification of a fluorescent indicator of caspase-1 activity (FAM-FLICA caspase-1) in BECs from Pdcd10BECKO in chronic stage. Importantly, our results support the hypothesis of the crosstalk between astrocytes and CCM endothelium that can trigger recruitment of inflammatory cells arising from brain parenchyma (microglia) and the peripheral immune system (leukocytes) into mature active CCM lesions that propagate lesion growth, immunothrombosis, and bleedings. Unexpectedly, partial or total loss of brain endothelial NF-kB activity (using Ikkbfl/fl mice) in chronic Pdcd10BECKO mice does not prevent lesion genesis or neuroinflammation. Instead, this resulted in elevated number of lesions and immunothrombosis, suggesting that therapeutic approaches designed to target inflammation through endothelial NF-kB inhibition may contribute to detrimental side effects.

ConclusionsOur study reveals previously unknown links between neuroinflammatory astrocytes and inflamed CCM endothelium as contributors that trigger leukocyte recruitment and precipitate immunothrombosis in CCM lesions. However, therapeutic approaches targeting brain endothelial NF-kB activity may contribute to detrimental side effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelsen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frias-Anaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego-Gutierrez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orecchioni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesarwi, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongol, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in cerebral cavernous malformation disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Liquid-like assembly of VASP drives actin polymerization and bundling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The organization of actin filaments into bundles is required for cellular processes such as motility, morphogenesis, and cell division. Filament bundling is controlled by a network of actin binding proteins. Recently, several proteins that comprise this network have been found to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. How might liquid-like condensates contribute to filament bundling? Here, we show that the processive actin polymerase and bundling protein, VASP, forms liquid-like droplets under physiological conditions. As actin polymerizes within VASP droplets, elongating filaments partition to the edges of the droplet to minimize filament curvature, forming an actin-rich ring within the droplet. The rigidity of this ring is balanced by the droplets surface tension, as predicted by a continuum-scale computational model. However, as actin polymerizes and the ring grows thicker, its rigidity increases and eventually overcomes the surface tension of the droplet, deforming into a linear bundle. The resulting bundles contain long, parallel actin filaments that grow from their tips. Significantly, the fluid nature of the droplets is critical for bundling, as more solid droplets resist deformation, preventing filaments from rearranging to form bundles. Once the parallel arrangement of filaments is created within a VASP droplet, it propagates through the addition of new actin monomers to achieve a length that is many times greater than the initial droplet. This droplet-based mechanism of bundling may be relevant to the assembly of cellular architectures rich in parallel actin filaments, such as filopodia, stress fibers, and focal adhesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Graham, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Liquid-like assembly of VASP drives actin polymerization and bundling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.11.491572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Voluntary and forced exposure to ethanol vapor produces similar escalation of alcohol drinking but differential recruitment of brain regions related to stress, habit, and reward in male rats. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.11.491572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major limitation of the most widely used current animal models of alcohol dependence is that they use forced exposure to ethanol including ethanol-containing liquid diet and chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor to produce clinically relevant blood alcohol levels (BAL) and addiction-like behaviors. We recently developed a novel animal model of voluntary induction of alcohol dependence using ethanol vapor self-administration (EVSA). In this model, naive outbred rats given intermittent access to alcohol vapor self-administration exhibit BAL in the 150-300 mg% range and develop somatic signs of withdrawal during acute abstinence. However, it is unknown whether EVSA leads to an escalation of alcohol drinking per se, and whether such escalation is associated with neuroadaptations in brain regions related to stress, reward, and habit. To address these issues, we compared the levels of alcohol drinking during withdrawal between rats passively exposed to alcohol (CIE) or voluntarily exposed to EVSA and measured the number of Fos+ neurons during acute withdrawal (16 h) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), dorsomedial striatum (DMS), dorsolateral striatum (DLS), nucleus accumbens core (Nacc), periaqueducal grey area (PAG), lateral Habenula (HbL), and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT). The rats were first trained to orally self-administer alcohol in standard operant chambers and then divided in 4 groups (CIE, CI-Air, EVSA and Air-SA) and exposed to intermittent ethanol vapor (passive or active) or intermittent air (passive or active) for 8 h/day, 3 days a week. CIE and EVSA rats exhibited similar BAL (150-300 mg% range) and similar escalation of alcohol drinking during withdrawal, while no changes in terms of drinking were observed in the air exposed rats. CIE and EVSA also increased the motivation for alcohol compared to their respective air control groups under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Acute withdrawal from EVSA and CIE recruited a similar number of Fos+ neurons in the CeA, however, acute withdrawal from EVSA recruited a higher number of Fos+ neurons in every other brain region analyzed compared to acute withdrawal from CIE. Moreover, acute withdrawal from EVSA specifically recruited the DMS and PVT, a pattern not observed in CIE rats.

In summary, these results demonstrate that EVSA produces similar escalation of alcohol drinking, motivation to drink, and blood-alcohol levels than the CIE model, while letting animals voluntary initiate alcohol exposure and maintain alcohol dependence. Moreover, while the behavioral measures of alcohol dependence between the voluntary (EVSA) and passive (CIE) model was similar, the recruitment of neuronal ensembles during acute withdrawal was very different with a higher recruitment of Fos+ neurons in key brain regions important for stress, reward and habit-related processes. The EVSA model may be particularly useful to unveil the neuronal networks and pharmacology responsible for the voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence and may improve translational studies by providing preclinical researchers with an animal model with better face validity for alcohol use disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conlisk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.11.491572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Voluntary and forced exposure to ethanol vapor produces similar escalation of alcohol drinking but differential recruitment of brain regions related to stress, habit, and reward in male rats.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide selection inference at short tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs) comprising repeated sequences of 1-6 bp are one of the largest sources of genetic variation in humans. STRs are known to contribute to a variety of disorders, including Mendelian diseases, complex traits, and cancer. Based on their functional importance, mutations at some STRs are likely to introduce negative effects on reproductive fitness over evolutionary time. We previously developed SISTR (Selection Inference at STRs), a population genetics framework to measure negative selection against individual STR alleles. Here, we extend SISTR to enable joint estimation of the distribution of selection coefficients across a set of STRs. This method (SISTR2) allows for more accurate analysis of a broader range of STRs, including loci with low mutation rates. We apply SISTR2 to explore the range of feasible mutation parameters and demonstrate substantial variation in mutation and selection parameters across different classes of STRs. Finally, we show that de novo STR mutations tend to confer a greater selective burden compared to standing STR variation in the population and measure the relative burden of STRs vs. single nucleotide variants in a typical genome. Overall, we anticipate that the evolutionary insights gained from this study will be important for future studies of variation at STRs and their role in evolution and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durvasula, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziaei-Jam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksimov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohmueller, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.12.491726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide selection inference at short tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD133+ Intercellsome Mediates Direct Cell-Cell Communication to Offset Intracellular Signaling Deficit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.492226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD133 (prominin 1) is widely viewed as a cancer stem cell marker in association with drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Herein we report that with impaired RTK-Shp2 Ras-Erk signaling, heterogenous hepatocytes form clusters that manage to divide during liver regeneration. These hepatocytes are characterized by upregulated CD133 while negative for other progenitor cell markers. Pharmaceutical inhibition of proliferative signaling also induced CD133 expression in various cancer cell types, suggesting an inherent and common mechanism of stress response. Super-resolution and electron microscopy localize CD133 on intracellular vesicles that apparently migrate between cells, which we name "intercellsome". Isolated CD133+ intercellsomes are enriched with mRNAs rather than miRNAs. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals lower intracellular diversity (entropy) of mitogenic mRNAs in Shp2-deficient cells, which may be remedied by intercellular mRNA exchanges between CD133+ cells. CD133-deficient cells are more sensitive to proliferative signal inhibition in livers and intestinal organoids. These data suggest a mechanism of intercellular communication to compensate intracellular signal deficit in various cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaneko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.492226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD133+ Intercellsome Mediates Direct Cell-Cell Communication to Offset Intracellular Signaling Deficit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.491687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guided construction of single cell reference for human and mouse lung 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.491687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate cell type identification is a key and rate-limiting step in single cell data analysis. Single cell references with comprehensive cell types, reproducible and functional validated cell identities, and common nomenclatures are much needed by the research community to optimize automated cell type annotation and facilitate data integration, sharing, and collaboration. In the present study, we developed a novel computational pipeline to utilize the LungMAP CellCards as a dictionary to consolidate single-cell transcriptomic datasets of 104 human lungs and 17 mouse lung samples and constructed "LungMAP CellRef" and "LungMAP CellRef Seed" for both normal human and mouse lungs. "CellRef Seed" has an equivalent prediction power and produces consistent cell annotation as does "CellRef" but improves computational efficiency and simplifies its utilization for fast automated cell type annotation and online visualization. This atlas set incorporates 48 human and 40 mouse well-defined lung cell types catalogued from diverse anatomic locations and developmental time points. Using independent datasets, we demonstrated the utility of our CellRefs for automated cell type annotation analysis of both normal and disease lungs. User-friendly web interfaces were developed to support easy access and maximal utilization of the LungMAP CellRefs. LungMAP CellRefs are freely available to the pulmonary research community through fast interactive web interfaces to facilitate hypothesis generation, research discovery, and identification of cell type alterations in disease conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morley, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouril, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaddis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitzmiller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basil, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wikenheiser-Brokamp, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mun, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naren, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clair, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronow, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomonis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrisey, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsett, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.491687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guided construction of single cell reference for human and mouse lung]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The regulatory landscapes of human ovarian ageing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphThe ovary is the first organ to age in the human body, affecting both fertility and overall health in women1-8. However, the biological mechanisms underlying human ovarian ageing remain poorly understood. Here we performed single-nuclei multi-omics analysis of young and reproductively aged human ovaries to understand the molecular and cellular basis of ovarian ageing in humans. Our analysis reveals coordinated changes in transcriptomic output and chromatin accessibility across cell types during ageing, including elevated mTOR and MAPK signaling, decreased activity of the oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage repair pathways, and an increased signature of cellular senescence. By constructing cell type-specific regulatory networks, we uncover enhanced activity of the transcription factor CEBPD across cell types in the aged ovary, with a corresponding significant loss of activity of most cell identity-associated transcription factors. Moreover, by performing integrative analyses of our single-nuclei multi-omics data with common genetic variants associated with age at natural menopause (ANM) from genome-wide association studies, we demonstrate a global impact of functional variants on changes in gene regulatory networks across ovarian cell types. Finally, we nominate about a dozen of functional non-coding variants, their target genes and cell types and regulatory mechanisms that underlie genetic association with ANM. This work provides a comprehensive multimodal landscape of human ovarian ageing and mechanistic insights into inherited variation of ANM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudgins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamliel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoeijmakers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campisi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The regulatory landscapes of human ovarian ageing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordination of Pickpocket ion channel delivery and dendrite growth in Drosophila sensory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory neurons enable an organism to perceive external stimuli, which is essential for survival. The sensory capacity of a neuron depends on the elaboration of its dendritic arbor and the delivery of sensory ion channels to the dendritic membrane. However, it is not well understood how ion channels are trafficked to sensory dendrites and whether their delivery is coordinated with dendrite growth. We investigated the trafficking of the DEG/ENaC/ASIC ion channel Pickpocket (Ppk) in peripheral sensory neurons in fruit fly larvae. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering to tag endogenous Ppk1 and visualize it live, including monitoring Ppk1 membrane localization via a novel secreted split-GFP approach. Strikingly, Ppk1 is present throughout the membrane of actively growing dendrites, and Ppk1 density scales in proportion to the dendritic membrane, even when dynein-mediated transport to dendrites is disrupted. Our data suggest that Ppk1 is integral to the membrane of growing dendrites and implicate the recycling endosome GTPase Rab11 in the forward trafficking of Ppk1 to dendrites. Together, our results suggest that Ppk channel transport is coordinated with dendrite morphogenesis, thus ensuring proper ion channel levels and distribution in sensory dendrites.

Author SummaryPeripheral sensory neurons are essential for an organism to interact with its environment. Neurons are composed of signal-receiving dendrites and a signal-sending axon. Ion channels distributed throughout sensory dendrites transduce external stimuli into chemical signals, however the mechanisms that localize ion channels to sensory dendrites are not well understood. Both the composition of ion channels in the dendrites and the structure of a sensory neurons dendritic arbor are important for how it functions to sense external stimuli. Using live imaging and genomic engineering, we have discovered that the localization of a sensory ion channel, Pickpocket, in fruit fly sensory neurons is coordinated with growth of the dendritic arbor and that Pickpocket levels scale in proportion to dendrite length, even when transport to dendrites is disrupted. We also developed a novel genetically encoded approach to visualize the membrane expression of proteins in a living organism utilizing the split-GFP system. We found that both the secretory and endosomal networks mediate the forward trafficking of Pickpocket during neuronal morphogenesis, thus coordinating membrane growth with ion channel delivery. Our findings reveal that actively growing sensory dendrites are equipped with the ion channels needed for sensing external stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midillioglu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildonger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordination of Pickpocket ion channel delivery and dendrite growth in Drosophila sensory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable power analysis and effect size exploration of microbiome community differences with Evident 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Differentiating microbial communities among samples is a major objective in biomedicine. Quantifying the effect size of these differences allows researchers to understand the factors most associated with communities and to optimize the design and clinical resources required to address particular research questions. Here, we present Evident, a package for effect size calculations and power analysis on microbiome data and show that Evident scales to large datasets with numerous metadata covariates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casals-Pascual, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peddada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilmore, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowinski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable power analysis and effect size exploration of microbiome community differences with Evident]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reproducible and tunable synthetic soil microbial community provides new insights into microbial ecology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial soil communities form commensal relationships with plants to promote the growth of both parties. Optimization of plant-microbe interactions to advance sustainable agriculture is an important field in agricultural research. However, investigation in this field is hindered by a lack of model microbial community systems and efficient approaches for building these communities. Two key challenges in developing standardized model communities are maintaining community diversity over time and storing/resuscitating these communities after cryopreservation, especially considering the different growth rates of organisms. Here, a model community of 17 soil microorganisms commonly found in the rhizosphere of diverse plant species, isolated from soil surrounding a single switchgrass plant, has been developed and optimized for use with fabricated ecosystem devices (EcoFABs). EcoFABs allow reproducible research in model plant systems, with precise control of environmental conditions and easy measurement of plant-microbe metrics. The model soil community grows reproducibly in vitro between replicates and experiments, with high community -diversity achieved through growth in low-nutrient media and adjustment of starting composition ratios for the growth of individual organisms. The community additionally grows in EcoFAB devices and regrows with a similar composition to unfrozen communities following cryopreservation with glycerol, allowing for dissemination of the model community. Our results demonstrate the generation of a stable microbial community that can be used with EcoFAB devices and shared between research groups for maximum reproducibility.

ImportanceMicrobes associate with plants in distinct soil communities, to the benefit of both the soil microbes and the plant. Interactions between plants and these microbes can improve plant growth and health and are therefore a field of study in sustainable agricultural research. In this study, a model community of 17 soil bacteria has been developed to further reproducible study of plant-soil microbe interactions. Preservation of the microbial community has been optimized for dissemination to other research settings. Overall, this work will advance soil microbe research through optimization of a robust, reproducible model community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhalnina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiruppathy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjuanta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Elia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hailu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahosky, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reproducible and tunable synthetic soil microbial community provides new insights into microbial ecology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A GATA factor radiation in Caenorhabditis rewired the endoderm specification network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although similar developmental regulatory networks can produce diverse phenotypes, different networks can also produce the same phenotype. In theory, as long as development can produce an acceptable end phenotype, the details of the process could be shielded from selection, leading to the possibility of developmental system drift, where the developmental mechanisms underlying a stable phenotype continue to evolve. Many examples exist of divergent developmental genetics underlying conserved traits. However, studies that elucidate how these differences arose and how other features of development accommodated them are rarer. In Caenorhabditis elegans, six transcription factors that bind motifs with a GATA core sequence (GATA factors) comprise the zygotic part of the endoderm specification network. Here we show that the core of this network - five of the genes - originated within the genus during a brief but explosive radiation of this gene family and that at least three of them evolved from a single ancestral gene with at least two different spatio-temporal expression patterns. Based on analyses of their evolutionary history, gene structure, expression, and sequence, we explain how these GATA factors were integrated into this network. Our results show how gene duplication fueled the developmental system drift of the endoderm network in a phylogenetically brief period in developmentally canalized nematodes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darragh, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A GATA factor radiation in Caenorhabditis rewired the endoderm specification network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radiation and diversification of GATA-domain-containing proteins in the genus Caenorhabditis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors are defined by their DNA-binding domains (DBDs). The binding affinities and specificities of a transcription factor to its DNA binding sites can be used by an organism to fine-tune gene regulation and so are targets for evolution. Here we investigate the evolution of GATA-type transcription factors (GATA factors) in the Caenorhabditis genus. Based upon comparisons of their DBDs, these proteins form 13 distinct groups. This protein family experienced a burst of gene duplication in several of these groups along two short branches in the species tree, giving rise to subclades with very distinct complements of GATA factors. By comparing extant gene structures, DBD sequences, genome locations, and selection pressures we reconstructed how these duplications occurred. Although the paralogs have diverged in various ways, the literature shows that at least eight of the DBD groups bind to similar G-A-T-A DNA sequences. Thus, despite gene duplications and divergence among DBD sequences, most Caenorhabditis GATA factors appear to have maintained similar binding preferences, which could create the opportunity for developmental system drift. We hypothesize that this limited divergence in binding specificities contributes to the apparent disconnect between the extensive genomic evolution that has occurred in this genus and the absence of significant anatomical changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Darragh, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radiation and diversification of GATA-domain-containing proteins in the genus Caenorhabditis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.492858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epitranscriptomic Modification of MicroRNA Increases Atherosclerosis Susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.21.492858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging evidence indicates that oxidative stress causes the hydroxylation of guanine (G) to generate 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro guanosine (8OH-G) in microRNAs (miRs), which induces the guanine-to-uracil (G-to-U) transversion and thus changes the miR targetomes. However, whether and how the 8OH-G-modified miRs are involved in vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis were unexplored. Using 8OH-G crosslinking immunoprecipitation miR sequencing (8OH-G CLIP-miR-seq), we found that 8OH-G miR-483 were among the most enriched 8OH-G miR species in ECs induced by ox-LDL. Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq indicated that the G-to-U transversion of miR-483 altered the original mRNA targeting efficacy and allows 8OH-G miR-483 to recognize new mRNA target sites. A reduced ratio of 8OH-G miR-483 to miR-483 in lung ECs was found in the endothelial-specific miR-483 transgenic (EC-miR-483 Tg) mice. Moreover, reduction of atherosclerosis was significant in EC-miR-483 Tg mice administrated AAV8-PCSK9 and fed an atherogenic diet. In situ miR hybridization revealed an increased 8OH-G miR-483 level in the intima of human atherosclerotic arteries. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the redox burden incurred by cardiovascular risk factors is a culprit of the miR-483 to 8OH-G miR-483 transversion. Such epitranscriptomic modification of miR-483 causes endothelial dysfunction and increases atherosclerosis susceptibility via its targetomes shift.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongol, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.21.492858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epitranscriptomic Modification of MicroRNA Increases Atherosclerosis Susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordination of CcpA and CodY regulators in Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.493525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complex crosstalk between metabolism and gene regulatory networks makes it difficult to untangle individual constituents and study their precise roles and interactions. To address this issue, we modularized the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of the Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strain by applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to 385 RNA sequencing samples. We then combined the modular TRN model with a metabolic model to study the regulation of carbon and amino acid metabolism. Our analysis showed that regulation of central carbon metabolism by CcpA and amino acid biosynthesis by CodY are closely coordinated. In general, S. aureus increases the expression of CodY-regulated genes in the presence of preferred carbons sources such as glucose. This transcriptional coordination was corroborated by metabolic model simulations that also showed increased amino acid biosynthesis in the presence of glucose. Further, we found that CodY and CcpA cooperatively regulate the expression of ribosome hibernation promoting factor, thus linking metabolic cues with translation. In line with this hypothesis, expression of CodY-regulated genes is tightly correlated with expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins. Together, we propose a coarse-grained model where expression of S. aureus genes encoding enzymes that control carbon flux and nitrogen flux through the system is coregulated with expression of translation machinery to modularly control protein synthesis. While this work focuses on three key regulators, the full TRN model we present contains 76 total independently modulated sets of genes, each with the potential to uncover other complex regulatory structures and interactions.

ImportanceStaphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen with an expanding antibiotic resistance profile. The biology underlying its clinical success emerges from an interplay of many systems such as metabolism and gene regulatory networks. This work brings together models for these two systems to establish fundamental principles governing the regulation of S. aureus central metabolism and protein synthesis. Studies of these fundamental biological principles are often confined to model organisms such as Escherichia coli. However, expanding these models to pathogens can provide a framework from which complex and clinically important phenotypes such as virulence and antibiotic resistance can be better understood. Additionally, the expanded gene regulatory network model presented herein can deconvolute the biology underlying other important phenotypes in this pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.25.493525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordination of CcpA and CodY regulators in Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipocytes reprogram carbon and nitrogen metabolism to maintain lipogenic flux in the absence of Bckdha 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulated branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism has emerged as a key metabolic feature associated with the obese insulin resistant state, and adipose BCAA catabolism is decreased in this context. BCAA catabolism is upregulated early in adipogenesis, but the impact of suppressing this pathway on the broader metabolic functions of the resultant adipocyte remain unclear. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 to target Bckdha and Acad8 in pre-adipocytes and induce a deficiency in BCAA or valine catabolism through differentiation. We characterise the transcriptional and metabolic phenotype of these cells using RNAseq and 13C metabolic flux analysis within a network spanning glycolysis, tricarboxylic (TCA) acid metabolism, BCAA catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. While lipid droplet accumulation is maintained in Bckdha-deficient adipocytes, they display a more fibroblast-like transcriptional signature. In contrast, Acad8 deficiency minimally impacts gene expression. Decreased glycolytic flux emerges as the most distinct metabolic feature of Bckdha-deficient cells, accompanied by a [~]40% decrease in lactate secretion, yet pyruvate oxidation and utilization for de novo lipogenesis are increased to compensate for loss of BCAA carbon. Glutamine anaplerosis was also increased, though we observed a general decrease in levels of most non-essential amino acids consistent with an impact on nitrogen homeostasis. Overall, our data suggest that both metabolic and regulatory cross-talk exists between BCAA catabolism, glycolysis, and nitrogen metabolism in differentiated adipocytes. Suppression of BCAA catabolism associated with metabolic syndrome may result in a metabolically compromised adipocyte.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wessendorf-Rodriguez, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hover, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.27.493780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipocytes reprogram carbon and nitrogen metabolism to maintain lipogenic flux in the absence of Bckdha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.29.493921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topography of mutational signatures in human cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.29.493921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The somatic mutations found in a cancer genome are imprinted by different mutational processes. Each process exhibits a characteristic mutational signature, which can be affected by the genome architecture. However, the interplay between mutational signatures and topographical genomic features has not been extensively explored. Here, we integrate mutations from 5,120 whole-genome sequenced tumours from 40 cancer types with 516 topographical features from ENCODE to evaluate the effect of nucleosome occupancy, histone modifications, CTCF binding, replication timing, and transcription/replication strand asymmetries on the cancer-specific accumulation of mutations from distinct mutagenic processes. Most mutational signatures are affected by topographical features with signatures of related aetiologies being similarly affected. Certain signatures exhibit periodic behaviours or cancer-type specific enrichments/depletions near topographical features, revealing further information about the processes that imprinted them. Our findings, disseminated via COSMIC, provide a comprehensive online resource for exploring the interactions between mutational signatures and topographical features across human cancer.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=175 SRC="FIGDIR/small/493921v2_figu1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (50K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@abf065org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@33ad99org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ca37b6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fa7c6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIComprehensive topography analysis of mutational signatures encompassing 82,890,857 somatic mutations in 5,120 whole-genome sequenced tumours integrated with 516 tissue-matched topographical features from the ENCODE project.
C_LIO_LIThe accumulation of somatic mutations from most mutational signatures is affected by nucleosome occupancy, histone modifications, CTCF binding sites, transcribed regions, or replication strand/timing.
C_LIO_LIMutational signatures with related aetiologies are consistently characterized by similar genome topographies across tissue types.
C_LIO_LITopography analysis allows both separating signatures from different aetiologies and understanding the genomic specificity of clustered somatic mutations.
C_LIO_LIA comprehensive online resource, disseminate through the COSMIC signatures database, that allows researchers to explore the interactions between somatic mutational processes and genome architecture within and across cancer types.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otlu-Saritas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.29.493921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topography of mutational signatures in human cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preparing glycomics data for robust statistical analysis with GlyCompareCT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryGlycomics data are rapidly increasing in scale and diversity. Complexities in glycan biosynthesis (hierarchy, competition, and compartmentalization) make preprocessing critical to address resulting sparsity (many similar glycosylation profiles may share few common glycans) and non-independence (substrate-competition in glycan biosynthesis results in non-independence incompatible with many statistical methods). Here, we present GlyCompareCT, a portable command-line tool, to address these challenges thereby facilitating downstream analyses. Given glycan abundances, GlyCompareCT conducts substructure decomposition to quantify hidden biosynthetic intermediate abundance and relationships between measured glycans. Thus, GlyComparCT mitigates sparsity and makes interdependence explicit thereby increasing statistical power. Ultimately, GlyComparCT is a user-friendly implementation of substructure analysis designed to increase accessibility, interoperability, and scope and consistency in glycomics analysis.

Availability and implementationSource code, test data, and instructions for GlyCompareCT v1.1.0 are available at: https://github.com/LewisLabUCSD/GlyCompareCT

Supplementary informationhttps://github.com/LewisLabUCSD/GlyCompareCT/raw/main/Supplementary%20Material.pdf
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridevi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinn, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preparing glycomics data for robust statistical analysis with GlyCompareCT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The conserved AAA-ATPase PCH-2 distributes its regulation of meiotic prophase events by remodeling multiple meiotic HORMADs in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During meiotic prophase, the essential events of homolog pairing, synapsis, and recombination are coordinated with meiotic progression to promote fidelity and prevent aneuploidy. The conserved AAA+ ATPase PCH-2 coordinates these events to guarantee crossover assurance and accurate chromosome segregation. How PCH-2 accomplishes this coordination is poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that PCH-2 decelerates pairing, synapsis and recombination in C. elegans by remodeling meiotic HORMADs. We propose that PCH-2 converts the closed versions of these proteins, which drive these meiotic prophase events, to unbuckled conformations, destabilizing interhomolog interactions and delaying meiotic progression. Further, we find that PCH-2 distributes this regulation among three essential meiotic HORMADs in C. elegans: PCH-2 acts through HTP-3 to regulate pairing and synapsis, HIM-3 to promote crossover assurance, and HTP-1 to control meiotic progression. In addition to identifying a molecular mechanism for how PCH-2 regulates interhomolog interactions, our results provide a possible explanation for the expansion of the meiotic HORMAD family as a conserved evolutionary feature of meiosis. Taken together, our work demonstrates that PCH-2s remodeling of meiotic HORMADs has functional consequences for the rate and fidelity of homolog pairing, synapsis, recombination and meiotic progression, ensuring accurate meiotic chromosome segregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russo, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacopazzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ego, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The conserved AAA-ATPase PCH-2 distributes its regulation of meiotic prophase events by remodeling multiple meiotic HORMADs in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lis1 binding regulates force-induced detachment of cytoplasmic dynein from microtubules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is an AAA+ motor that transports intracellular cargos towards the microtubule minus end. Lissencephaly-1 (Lis1) binds to the AAA+ ring and stalk of dyneins motor domain and promotes the assembly of active dynein complexes. Recent studies showed that Lis1 slows motility when it remains bound to dynein, but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Using single-molecule and optical trapping assays, we investigated how Lis1 binding affects the motility and force generation of yeast dynein in vitro. We showed that Lis1 does not slow dynein motility by serving as a roadblock or tethering dynein to microtubules. Lis1 binding also does not affect the forces that stall dynein movement, but it induces prolonged stalls and reduces the asymmetry in the force-induced detachment of dynein from microtubules. The mutagenesis of the Lis1 binding sites on dyneins stalk partially recovers this asymmetry but does not restore dynein velocity. These results suggest that Lis1s interaction with the AAA+ ring is sufficient to result in slower movement and that Lis1s interaction with dyneins stalk slows force-induced detachment of dynein from microtubules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kusakci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Htet, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillies, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.02.494578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lis1 binding regulates force-induced detachment of cytoplasmic dynein from microtubules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Relating neighborhood deprivation to childhood obesity in the ABCD Study(R): evidence for theories of neuroinflammation and neuronal stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveWe evaluated whether the relationships between area deprivation (ADI), body mass index (BMI) and brain structure (e.g., cortical thickness, subcortical volume) during pre-adolescence supported the neuroinflammation (NI) and/or neuronal stress (NS) theories of overeating. The NI theory proposes that ADI causes structural alteration in the brain due to the neuroinflammatory effects of overeating unhealthy foods. The NS theory proposes that ADI-related stress negatively impacts brain structure, which causes stress-related overeating and subsequent obesity.

MethodsData were gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study(R) (9-12-years-old; n=2872, 51.3% female). Linear mixed-effects models identified brain regions that were associated with both ADI and BMI; longitudinal mediation models assessed potential causal pathways. The NI model included ADI and BMI at 9/10-years-old and brain data at 11/12-years-old. The NS model included ADI and brain data at 9/10-years-old and BMI at 11/12-years-old.

ResultsIn the NI model, BMI at 9/10-years-old positively mediated the relationship between AD and cortical thinning in the cuneus, lingual, and paracentral gyrus and larger volume of the Ventral DC at 11/12-years-old. In the NS model, cortical thinning in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, lingual gyrus and larger volume of the Ventral DC at 9/10-years-old partially mediated the relationship between ADI and BMI at 11/12-years-old.

ConclusionGreater area deprivation may indicate fewer access to resources that support healthy development, like nutritious food and non-stressful environments. Our findings provide evidence in support of the neuroinflammation and stress theories of overeating, specifically, with greater ADI influencing health outcomes of obesity via brain structure alterations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adise, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowell, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.04.494818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Relating neighborhood deprivation to childhood obesity in the ABCD Study(R): evidence for theories of neuroinflammation and neuronal stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal assessment of brain structure and behavior in youth with rapid weight gain: Potential contributing causes and consequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveIndependent of weight status, rapid weight gain has been associated with underlying brain structure variation in regions associated with food intake and impulsivity among pre-adolescents. Yet, we lack clarity on how developmental maturation coincides with rapid weight gain and weight stability.

MethodsWe identified brain predictors of two-year rapid weight gain and its longitudinal effects on brain structure and impulsivity in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study(R). Youth were categorized as Healthy Weight/Weight Stable (WSHW, n=225) or Weight Gainers (WG, n=221, >38lbs); 63% of the WG group were healthy weight at 9-to-10-years-old.

ResultsA five-fold cross-validated logistic elastic-net regression revealed that rapid weight gain was associated with structural variation amongst 39 brain features at 9-to-10-years-old in regions involved with executive functioning, appetitive control, and reward sensitivity. Two years later, WG youth showed differences in change over time in several of these regions and performed worse on measures of impulsivity.

ConclusionsThese findings suggest that brain structure in pre-adolescence may predispose some to rapid weight gain and that weight gain itself may alter maturational brain change in regions important for food intake and impulsivity. Behavioral interventions that target inhibitory control may improve trajectories of brain maturation and facilitate healthier behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adise, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herting, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowell, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.04.494820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal assessment of brain structure and behavior in youth with rapid weight gain: Potential contributing causes and consequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.05.494884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CryoEM Structures of the Nitrogenase Complex During Catalytic Turnover 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.05.494884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The enzyme nitrogenase couples adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to the multi-electron reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia. Despite extensive research, the mechanistic details of ATP-dependent energy transduction and dinitrogen reduction by nitrogenase are not well understood, requiring new strategies to monitor its structural dynamics during catalytic action. Here we report the cryogenic electron microscopic interrogation of the nitrogenase complex under enzymatic turnover conditions, which has enabled the structural characterization of the nitrogenase reaction intermediates at high resolution for the first time. Our structures show that asymmetry governs all aspects of nitrogenase mechanism including ATP hydrolysis, protein-protein interactions, and catalysis. Furthermore, they reveal several previously unobserved, mechanistically relevant conformational changes near the catalytic iron-molybdenum cofactor that are correlated with the nucleotide-hydrolysis state of the enzyme.

One-sentence summaryHigh-resolution cryoEM structures of the nitrogenase complex obtained under turnover provide new mechanistic insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rutledge, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tezcan, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.05.494884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CryoEM Structures of the Nitrogenase Complex During Catalytic Turnover]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.495017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling membrane curvature generation using mechanics and machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.495017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The deformation of cellular membranes regulates trafficking processes, such as exocytosis and endocytosis. Classically, the Helfrich continuum model is used to characterize the forces and mechanical parameters that cells tune to accomplish membrane shape changes. While this classical model effectively captures curvature generation, one of the core challenges in using it to approximate a biological process is selecting a set of mechanical parameters (including bending modulus and membrane tension) from a large set of reasonable values. We used the Helfrich model to generate a large synthetic dataset from a random sampling of realistic mechanical parameters and used this dataset to train machine learning models. These models produced promising results, accurately classifying model behavior and predicting membrane shape from mechanical parameters. We also note emerging methods in machine learning that can leverage the physical insight of the Helfrich model to improve performance and draw greater insight into how cells control membrane shape change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malingen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.06.495017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling membrane curvature generation using mechanics and machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.491859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct roles of dentate gyrus and medial entorhinal cortex inputs for phase precession and temporal correlations in hippocampal CA3 place cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.491859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampal CA3 subregion is a densely connected recurrent circuit that supports memory consolidation and retrieval by generating and storing sequential neuronal activity patterns that reflect recent experience. While theta phase precession is thought to be critical for generating sequential activity during memory encoding, the circuit mechanisms that support this computation across hippocampal subregions are unknown. By analyzing CA3 network activity in the absence of each of its theta modulated excitatory inputs, we show necessary and unique contributions of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) to phase precession. DG inputs are essential for generating the preferential spiking of CA3 cells during late theta phases and for organizing the temporal order of neuronal firing, while MEC inputs modulate the general precision of phase precession. A computational model that accounts for the empirical findings suggests that DG inputs affect the phase and MEC inputs affect the amplitude of inhibitory subnetworks. Our results thus identify a novel and unique functional role of the DG for the generation of sequence coding in the CA3 recurrent circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmadi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabariego, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.491859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct roles of dentate gyrus and medial entorhinal cortex inputs for phase precession and temporal correlations in hippocampal CA3 place cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strengthening of enterococcal biofilms by Esp 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecalis are major causes of hospital-acquired infections. Numerous clinical strains harbor a large pathogenicity island that encodes enterococcal surface protein (Esp), which is suggested to promote biofilm production and virulence, but this remains controversial. To resolve this issue, we characterized the Esp N-terminal region, the portion implicated in biofilm production. Small angle X-ray scattering indicated that the N-terminal region had a globular head, which consisted of two DEv-Ig domains as visualized by X-ray crystallography, followed by an extended tail. The N-terminal region was not required for biofilm production but instead significantly strengthened biofilms against mechanical or degradative disruption, greatly increasing retention of Enterococcus within biofilms. Biofilm strengthening required low pH, which resulted in Esp unfolding, aggregating, and forming amyloid-like structures. The pH threshold for biofilm strengthening depended on protein stability. A truncated fragment of the first DEv-Ig domain, plausibly generated by a host protease, was the least stable and sufficient to strengthen biofilms at pH [&le;] 5.0, while the entire N-terminal region and intact Esp on the enterococcal surface was more stable and required a pH [&le;] 4.3. These results suggested a virulence role of Esp in strengthening enterococcal biofilms in acidic abiotic or host environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spiegelman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahn-Suh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hura, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patras, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tezcan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsutakawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strengthening of enterococcal biofilms by Esp]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.10.495510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bento: A toolkit for subcellular analysis of spatial transcriptomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.10.495510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial organization of molecules in a cell is essential for performing their functions. Spatial transcriptomics technologies have opened the door to characterization of cellular and subcellular organization. While current computational methods focus on discerning tissue architecture, cell-cell interactions and spatial expression patterns, these approaches are limited to investigating spatial variation at the multicellular scale. We present Bento, a Python toolkit that fully takes advantage of single-molecule information to enable spatial analysis at the subcellular scale. Bento ingests molecular coordinates and segmentation boundaries to perform three fundamental analyses: defining subcellular domains, annotating localization patterns, and quantifying gene-gene colocalization. To demonstrate the toolkit, we apply these methods to a variety of datasets including U2-OS cells (MERFISH), 3T3 cells (seqFISH+), and treated cardiomyocytes (Molecular Cartography). We quantify RNA localization changes in cardiomyocytes identifying mRNA depletion of critical cardiac disease-associated genes RBM20 and CACNB2 from the endoplasmic reticulum upon doxorubicin treatment. The Bento package is a member of the open-source Scverse ecosystem, enabling integration with other single-cell omics analysis tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mah, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesnik, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.10.495510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bento: A toolkit for subcellular analysis of spatial transcriptomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design principles of dose-response alignment in coupled GTPase switches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
"Dose-response alignment" (DoRA), where the downstream response of cellular signaling path-ways closely matches the fraction of activated receptor, can improve the fidelity of dose information transmission. It is believed that a key component for DoRA is negative feedback and thus a natural question that arises is whether there exist design principles for signaling motifs within such negative feedback loops, which may enable these motifs to attain near-perfect DoRA. Here, we investigated several model formulations of an experimentally validated circuit that couples two molecular switches--mGTPase (monomeric GTPase) and tGTPase (heterotrimeric GTPases) -- with negative feedback loops. We find that, in the absence of feedback, the low and intermediate mGTPase activation levels benefit DoRA in the mass action and Hill-function models, respectively. In other cases, where the mass action model with a high mGTPase activation level or the Hill-function model with a non-intermediate mGTPase activation level, the DoRA can be improved by adding negative feedback loops. Furthermore, we found that DoRA in a longer cascade (i.e., tGTPase) can be obtained using Hill-function kinetics under certain conditions. In summary, we show how ranges of activity of mGTPase, reaction kinetics, the negative feedback, and the cascade length affect DoRA. This work provides a framework for improving the DoRA performance in signaling motifs with negative feedback loops.

Significance StatementDose-response alignment helps cells faithfully transmit dose information; how this alignment is achieved in motifs with negative feedback is unclear. Through rigorous studies interrogating a naturally occurring motif comprised of two species of GTPases coupled by negative feedback loops, this work reveals the versatile roles of negative feedback loops and GTPase regulators on DoRA. We find that the negative feedback can enhance DoRA only with specific kinetic forms and with certain ranges of GTPases activation levels. This knowledge advances our understanding of the role of negative feedback on DoRA and sheds light on the importance of dynamic range of signaling processes as an essential determinant of how cells transfer information about stimuli. Findings can help design signaling circuits with better DoRA behavior, and ultimately augment cell signaling studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.14.496184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design principles of dose-response alignment in coupled GTPase switches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation of Nematocida microsporidia gene expression and host response in Caenorhabditis nematodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that are known to infect most types of animals. Many species of microsporidia can infect multiple related hosts, but it is not known if microsporidia express different genes depending upon which host species is infected or if the host response to infection is specific to each microsporidia species. To address these questions, we took advantage of two species of Nematocida microsporidia, N. parisii and N. ausubeli, that infect two species of Caenorhabditis nematodes, C. elegans and C. briggsae. We performed RNA-seq at several time points for each host infected with either microsporidia species. We observed that Nematocida transcription was largely independent of its host. We also observed that the host transcriptional response was similar when infected with either microsporidia species. Finally, we analyzed if the host response to microsporidia infection was conserved across host species. We observed that although many of the genes upregulated in response to infection are not direct orthologs, the same expanded gene families are upregulated in both Caenorhabditis hosts. Together our results describe the transcriptional interactions of Nematocida infection in Caenorhabditis hosts and demonstrate that these responses are evolutionarily conserved.

Significance statementMicrosporidia are a powerful model to study pathogen evolution, but much is still unknown about how these pathogens have evolved to infect multiple host species. We found that microsporidia express most of their genes similarly even when they are infecting different host species and that related host species respond similarly to different microsporidia. Our results suggests that there are conserved transcriptional responses during microsporidia infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinke, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.15.496350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation of Nematocida microsporidia gene expression and host response in Caenorhabditis nematodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.17.496500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Generalized Reinforcement Learning-Based Deep Neural Network (GRL-DNN) Agent Model for Diverse Cognitive Constructs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.17.496500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human cognition is characterized by a wide range of capabilities including goal-oriented selective attention, distractor suppression, decision making, response inhibition, and working memory. Much research has focused on studying these individual components of cognition in isolation, whereas in several translational applications for cognitive impairment, multiple cognitive functions are altered in a given individual. Hence it is important to study multiple cognitive abilities in the same subject or, in computational terms, model them using a single model. To this end, we propose a unified, reinforcement learning-based agent model comprising of systems for representation, memory, value computation and exploration. We successfully modelled the aforementioned cognitive tasks and show how individual performance can be mapped to model meta-parameters. This model has the potential to serve as a proxy for cognitively impaired conditions, and can be used as a clinical testbench on which therapeutic interventions can be simulated first before delivering to human subjects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nair, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muddapu, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>C, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramani, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthy, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.17.496500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Generalized Reinforcement Learning-Based Deep Neural Network (GRL-DNN) Agent Model for Diverse Cognitive Constructs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
White matter and literacy: a dynamic system in flux 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-sectional studies have linked differences in white matter tissue properties to reading skills. However, past studies have reported a range of, sometimes conflicting, results. Some studies suggest that white matter properties act as individual-level traits predictive of reading skill, whereas others suggest that reading skill and white matter develop as a function of an individuals educational experience. In the present study, we tested two hypotheses: a) that diffusion properties of the white matter reflect stable brain characteristics that relate to reading skills over development or b) that white matter is a dynamic system, linked with learning over time. To answer these questions, we examined the relationship between white matter and reading in a five-year longitudinal dataset and a series of large-scale, single-observation, cross-sectional datasets (N=14,249 total participants). We find that gains in reading skill correspond to longitudinal changes in the white matter. However, in the single-observation datasets, we find no evidence for the hypothesis that individual differences in white matter predict reading skill. These findings highlight the link between dynamic processes in the white matter and learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richie-Halford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCandliss, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeatman, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.21.497048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[White matter and literacy: a dynamic system in flux]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VPS13A and VPS13C influence lipid droplet abundance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid transfer proteins mediate the exchange of lipids between closely apposed membranes at organelle contact sites and play key roles in lipid metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and cellular signaling. A recently discovered novel family of lipid transfer proteins, which includes the VPS13 proteins (VPS13A-D), adopt a rod-like bridge conformation with an extended hydrophobic groove that enables the bulk transfer of membrane lipids for membrane growth. Loss of function mutations in VPS13A and VPS13C cause chorea acanthocytosis and Parkinsons disease, respectively. VPS13A and VPS13C localize to multiple organelle contact sites, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - lipid droplet (LD) contact sites, but the functional roles of these proteins in LD regulation remains mostly unexplored. Here, we employ CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to generate VPS13A and VPS13C knockout cell lines in U-2 OS cells via deletion of exon 2 and introduction of an early frameshift. Analysis of LD content in these cell lines revealed that loss of either VPS13A or VPS13C results in reduced LD abundance under oleate-stimulated conditions. These data implicate VPS13A and VPS13C in LD regulation and raise the intriguing possibility that VPS13A and VPS13C-mediated lipid transfer facilitates LD biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markmiller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granneman, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olzmann, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferro-Novick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.21.497109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VPS13A and VPS13C influence lipid droplet abundance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myeloid reprogramming by JAK inhibition enhances checkpoint blockade therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unleashing anti-tumor T cell activity by checkpoint inhibition is effective in many cancer patients but clinical response rates remain limited. Myeloid derived suppressor cells erode antitumor lymphocyte numbers and function, and correlate with resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. By screening small molecule libraries, we identified JAK inhibitors ability to rescue T cell function. Despite its documented immune suppressive properties, the prototypical JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer. This effect correlated with loss of suppressive gene expression, and acquisition of immunostimulatory molecular markers and T cell stimulatory activity in myeloid cells. In preclinical models, ruxolitinib significantly improved the function and increased the total numbers of activated tumor-infiltrating NK and CD4 T cells compared to checkpoint blockade alone and the efficacy was conditional on granulocytic cells. In addition to myeloid reprogramming in the tumor, ruxolitinib blunts G-CSF signaling in the bone marrow to prevent expression of suppressive and chemotaxis genes in neutrophils. In a clinical trial of Hodgkin lymphoma patients resistant to checkpoint inhibitors, treatment with ruxolitinib significantly reduced neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and levels of suppressive markers in myeloid cells but increased numbers of cytokine-producing T cells. These results support the therapeutic potential of JAK inhibition in combination with checkpoint inhibitors in cancer and highlight the potential of reshaped myeloid immunity to improve immunotherapy.

One sentence summary: Ruxolitinib reshapes myeloid immunity to synergize with checkpoint inhibitors
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratumchai, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marro, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquardt, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beheshti Zavareh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lairson, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldstone, M. B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varner, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachanova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teijaro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myeloid reprogramming by JAK inhibition enhances checkpoint blockade therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of Leptospira Serovars 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogenic Leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis, comprise >200 serotypes (called serovars). Most have a restricted reservoir-host range, and some, e.g., serovar Copenhageni, are cosmopolitan and of public health importance owing to their propensity to produce severe, fatal disease in humans. Available serotyping approaches--such as multi-locus sequence typing, core genome sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the cross-agglutination absorption test--are tedious and expensive, and require isolation of the organisms in culture media--a protracted and incredibly inefficient process-- precluding their use in prospective studies or outbreak investigations. The unavailability of culture-independent assays capable of distinguishing Leptospira serotypes remains a crucial gap in the field. Here, we have developed a simple yet specific real-time qPCR assay--targeting a Leptospira-unique gene encoding a putative polysaccharide flippase--that provides intra-species, serotype-defining (i.e., epidemiologically useful) information, and improves upon the sensitivity of preferred lipL32-based qPCR-based diagnostic tests. The assay, dubbed RAgI ("rage one"), is rapid and affordable, and reliably and specifically detects group I pathogenic Leptospira in culture, serum and urine, with no detectable off-target amplification--even of the genetically related but low virulence group II pathogenic (formerly "intermediate") or non-pathogenic Leptospira. It retained 100% diagnostic specificity when tested against difficult sample types, including field-collected dog urine-samples and environmental samples containing varied and complex microbial species-consortia. And holds considerable promise in the clinical setting, and for routine epidemiological and environmental surveillance studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthias, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanka Acharige, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaiboonma, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilau, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marroquin, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayasundara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agampodi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinetz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of Leptospira Serovars]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, -synuclein pathology, and neurodegeneration. Most cases of PD are non-hereditary, suggesting a strong role for environmental factors, and it has been speculated that disease may originate in peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before affecting the brain. The gut microbiome is altered in PD and may impact motor and GI symptoms as indicated by animal studies, though mechanisms of gut-brain interactions remain incompletely defined. Intestinal bacteria ferment dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, with fecal levels of these molecules differing between PD and healthy controls and in mouse models. Among other effects, dietary microbial metabolites can modulate activation of microglia, brain-resident immune cells implicated in PD. We therefore investigated whether a fiber-rich diet influences microglial function in -synuclein overexpressing (ASO) mice, a preclinical model with PD-like symptoms and pathology. Feeding a prebiotic high-fiber diet attenuates motor deficits and reduces -synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra of mice. Concomitantly, the gut microbiome of ASO mice adopts a profile correlated with health upon prebiotic treatment, which also reduces microglial activation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of microglia from the substantia nigra and striatum uncovers increased pro-inflammatory signaling and reduced homeostatic responses in ASO mice compared to wild-type counterparts on standard diets. However, prebiotic feeding reverses pathogenic microglial states in ASO mice and promotes expansion of protective disease-associated macrophage (DAM) subsets of microglia. Notably, depletion of microglia using a CSF1R inhibitor eliminates the beneficial effects of prebiotics by restoring motor deficits to ASO mice despite feeding a prebiotic diet. These studies uncover a novel microglia-dependent interaction between diet and motor symptoms in mice, findings that may have implications for neuroinflammation and PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdel-Haq, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boktor, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantu-Jungles, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bostick, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khazaei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilakala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morais, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshavarzian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gradinaru, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamaker, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazmanian, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.27.497828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pals-25 gain-of-function allele triggers systemic resistance against natural pathogens of C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of immunity throughout an organism is critical for host defense. Previous studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have described an "ON/OFF" immune switch comprised of the antagonistic paralogs PALS-25 and PALS-22, which regulate resistance against intestinal and epidermal pathogens. Here, we identify and characterize a PALS-25 gain-of-function mutant protein with a premature stop (Q293*), which we find is freed from physical repression by its negative regulator, the PALS-22 protein. PALS-25(Q293*) activates two related gene expression programs, the Oomycete Recognition Response (ORR) against natural pathogens of the epidermis, and the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) against natural intracellular pathogens of the intestine. A subset of ORR/IPR genes is upregulated in pals-25(Q293*) mutants, and they are resistant to oomycete infection in the epidermis, and microsporidia and virus infection in the intestine, but without compromising growth. Surprisingly, we find that activation of PALS-25 seems to primarily stimulate the downstream bZIP transcription factor ZIP-1 in the epidermis, which leads to upregulation of gene expression in both the epidermis and in the intestine. Interestingly, we find that this epidermal-to-intestinal signaling promotes resistance to the N. parisii intestinal pathogen, demonstrating cross-tissue protective immune induction from one epithelial tissue to another in C. elegans.

Author summaryMulticellular organisms need to monitor the health and function of multiple tissues simultaneously to respond appropriately to pathogen infection. Here, we study an ON/OFF switch in the roundworm C. elegans that controls immune responses to diverse natural pathogens of the skin and gut. We show a physical association between the  ON switch protein PALS-25 and the  OFF switch protein PALS-22, and that this association is disrupted in a mutant, activated form of PALS-25. When either PALS-22 is lost, or PALS-25 is activated, a downstream immune regulator ZIP-1 is activated specifically in the skin but not the gut. Excitingly, our findings show that skin-specific loss of PALS-22 or skin-specific activation of PALS-25 can induce immune responses in the worm gut. These findings highlight the coordination of immune responses across different tissues that are commonly infected by microbial pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gang, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekiert, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkoulas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.497889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pals-25 gain-of-function allele triggers systemic resistance against natural pathogens of C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome response in an urban river system is dominated by seasonality over wastewater treatment upgrades 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.498375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microorganisms such as coliform-forming bacteria are commonly used to assess freshwater quality for drinking and recreational use. However, such organisms do not exist in isolation; they exist within the context of dynamic, interactive microbial communities which vary through space and time. Elucidating spatiotemporal microbial dynamics is imperative for discriminating robust community changes from ephemeral ecological trends, and for improving our overall understanding of the relationship between microbial communities and ecosystem health. We conducted a seven-year (2013-2019) microbial time-series investigation in the Chicago Area Waterways (CAWS): an urban river system which, in 2016, experienced substantial upgrades to disinfection processes at two wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) that discharge into the CAWS and improved stormwater capture, to improve river water quality and reduce flooding. Using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches, we compared CAWS microbial ecology before and after the intervention. Examinations of time-resolved beta distances between WRP-adjacent sites showed that community similarity measures were often consistent with the spatial orientation of site locations to one another and to the WRP outfalls. Fecal coliform results suggested that upgrades reduced coliform-associated bacteria in the effluent and the downstream river community. However, examinations of whole community changes through time suggest that the upgrades did little to affect overall riverine community dynamics, which instead were overwhelmingly driven by yearly patterns consistent with seasonality. Such results emphasize the dynamic nature of microbiomes in open environmental systems such as the CAWS, but also suggest that the seasonal oscillations remain consistent even when perturbed.

ImportanceThis study presents a systematic effort to combine 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with traditional culture-based methods to evaluate the influence of treatment innovations and systems upgrades on the microbiome of the Chicago Area Waterway System, representing the longest and most comprehensive characterization of the microbiome of an urban waterway yet attempted. We found that the systems upgrades were successful in improving specific water quality measures immediately downstream of wastewater outflows. Additionally, we found that the implementation of the water quality improvement measures to the river system did not disrupt the overall dynamics of the downstream microbial community, which remained heavily influenced by seasonal trends.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kodera, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dsouza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grippo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negri, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.30.498375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome response in an urban river system is dominated by seasonality over wastewater treatment upgrades]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.497972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dendrite architecture determines mitochondrial distribution patterns in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.497972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are critical for neuronal function and must be reliably distributed through complex neuronal architectures. By quantifying in vivo mitochondrial transport and localization patterns in the dendrites of Drosophila visual system neurons, we show that mitochondria make up a dynamic system at steady-state, with significant transport of individual mitochondria within a stable global pattern. Mitochondrial motility patterns are unaffected by visual input, suggesting that neuronal activity does not directly regulate mitochondrial localization in vivo. Instead, we present a mathematical model in which four simple scaling rules enable the robust self-organization of the mitochondrial population. Experimental measurements of dendrite morphology validate key model predictions: to maintain equitable distribution of mitochondria across asymmetrically branched subtrees, dendritic branch points obey a parent-daughter power law that preserves cross-sectional area, and thicker trunks support proportionally bushier subtrees. Altogether, we propose that "housekeeping" requirements, including the need to maintain steady-state mitochondrial distributions, impose constraints on neuronal architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donovan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnhart, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.01.497972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dendrite architecture determines mitochondrial distribution patterns in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.498913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Variation in Urine Sample Storage Conditions on 16S Urogenital Microbiome Analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.498913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replicability is a well-established challenge in microbiome research with a variety of contributing factors at all stages, from sample collection to code execution. Here, we focus on voided urine sample storage conditions for urogenital microbiome analysis. Using urine samples collected from 10 healthy adult women, we investigated the microbiome preservation efficacy of AssayAssure(R) Genelock (as opposed to no preservative) under different temperature conditions. We varied temperature over 48 hours in order to examine the impact of conditions samples may experience with home voided urine collection and shipping to a central biorepository. The following common lab and shipping conditions were investigated: -20C, ambient temperature, 4C, a freeze-thaw cycle, and a heat cycle. At 48 hours, all samples were stored at -80C until processing. After generating 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data using the highly sensitive KatharoSeq protocol, we observed individual variation in both alpha and beta diversity metrics below interhuman differences, corroborating reports of individual microbiome variability in other specimen types. While there was no significant difference in beta diversity when comparing AssayAssure(R) Genelock vs. no preservative, we did observe a higher concordance with AssayAssure samples shipped at colder temperatures (-20C and 4C) when compared to the samples shipped at -20C without preservative. Our results indicate that AssayAssure does not introduce a significant amount of microbial bias when used on a range of temperatures but is most effective at colder temperatures.

ImportanceThe urogenital microbiome is an understudied yet important human microbiome niche. Research has been stimulated by the relatively recent discovery that urine is not sterile: urinary tract microbes have been linked to health problems including urinary infections, incontinence, and cancer. The quality of life and economic impact of UTIs and urgency incontinence alone are enormous, with $3.5 billion and $82.6 billion respectively spent in the U.S. annually. Given the low biomass of urine, novelty of the field, and well-established replicability bias in microbiome studies, it is critical to study storage conditions on urine samples to minimize microbial biases. Efficient and reliable preservation methods permit home self-sample collection and shipping, increasing the accessibility of larger-scale studies. Here, we examined both buffer and temperature variation effects on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing results from urogenital samples, providing data on the consequences of common storage methods on urogenital microbiome results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantrell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tubb, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukacz, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brubaker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.05.498913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Variation in Urine Sample Storage Conditions on 16S Urogenital Microbiome Analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.498920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-opted Genes of Algal Origin Protect C. elegans against Cyanogenic Toxins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.498920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside widely used by many plants in herbivore defense. Poisonous to most animals, amygdalin-derived cyanide is detoxified by potent enzymes commonly found in bacteria and plants but not most animals. Here we show that the nematode C. elegans can detoxify amygdalin by a genetic pathway comprising cysl-1, egl-9, hif-1 and cysl-2. Essential for amygdalin resistance, cysl-1 encodes a protein similar to cysteine synthetic enzymes in bacteria and plants, but functionally co-opted in C. elegans. We identify exclusively HIF-activating egl-9 mutations in a cysl-1 suppressor screen and show that cysl-1 confers amygdalin resistance by regulating HIF-1-dependent cysl-2 transcription to protect against amygdalin toxicity. Phylogenetic analysis suggests cysl-1 and cysl-2 were likely acquired from green algae through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and functionally co-opted in protection against amygdalin. Our studies reveal that HGT-mediated evolutionary changes can facilitate host survival and adaptation to adverse environment stresses and biogenic toxins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado-Rodriguez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.06.498920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-opted Genes of Algal Origin Protect C. elegans against Cyanogenic Toxins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring cellular and molecular processes in single-cell data with non-negative matrix factorization using Python, R, and GenePattern Notebook implementations of CoGAPS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning method well suited to high-throughput biology. Still, inferring biological processes requires additional post hoc statistics and annotation for interpretation of features learned from software packages developed for NMF implementation. Here, we aim to introduce a suite of computational tools that implement NMF and provide methods for accurate, clear biological interpretation and analysis. A generalized discussion of NMF covering its benefits, limitations, and open questions in the field is followed by three vignettes for the Bayesian NMF algorithm CoGAPS (Coordinated Gene Activity across Pattern Subsets). Each vignette will demonstrate NMF analysis to quantify cell state transitions in public domain single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of malignant epithelial cells in 25 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors and 11 control samples. The first uses PyCoGAPS, our new Python interface for CoGAPS that we developed to enhance runtime of Bayesian NMF for large datasets. The second vignette steps through the same analysis using our R CoGAPS interface, and the third introduces two new cloud-based, plug-and-play options for running CoGAPS using GenePattern Notebook and Docker. By providing Python support, cloud-based computing options, and relevant example workflows, we facilitate user-friendly interpretation and implementation of NMF for single-cell analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis-Marcisak, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liefeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinny-Köster, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fertig, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein-O'Brien, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.09.499398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring cellular and molecular processes in single-cell data with non-negative matrix factorization using Python, R, and GenePattern Notebook implementations of CoGAPS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemokine CXCL4 interactions with extracellular matrix proteoglycans mediate wide-spread non-receptor mediated immune cell recruitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into tissues is a crucial component of the immune system, but is also key to inflammatory disease. Chemokines are central to this process but have yet to be therapeutically targeted during inflammation, due to a lack of mechanistic understanding. Specifically, CXCL4 (PF4) has no established receptor that explains its function. Here we use biophysical, in vitro and in vivo techniques to determine the mechanism underlying CXCL4 mediated leukocyte recruitment. We demonstrate that CXCL4 binds to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugars within the endothelial extracellular matrix resulting in increased vascular permeability and non-specific recruitment of a range of leukocytes. Furthermore, GAG sulphation confers selectivity onto chemokine localisation. These findings represent a new understanding of chemokine biology, providing novel mechanisms for future therapeutic targeting.

One sentence summaryCXCL4 binds to extracellular matrix proteoglycans resulting in increased vascular permeability and recruitment of a wide range of different leukocytes via a non-canonical mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gray, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridley, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Ruiz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birchenough, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salanga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnbull, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jowitt, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiessl, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.10.499282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemokine CXCL4 interactions with extracellular matrix proteoglycans mediate wide-spread non-receptor mediated immune cell recruitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antiviral function and viral antagonism of the rapidly evolving dynein activating adapter NINL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses interact with the intracellular transport machinery to promote viral replication. Such host-virus interactions can drive host gene adaptation, leaving signatures of pathogen-driven evolution in host genomes. Here we leverage these genetic signatures to identify the dynein activating adaptor, ninein-like (NINL), as a critical component in the antiviral innate immune response and as a target of viral antagonism. Unique among genes encoding components of active dynein complexes, NINL has evolved under recurrent positive (diversifying) selection, particularly in its carboxy-terminal cargo binding region. Consistent with a role for NINL in host immunity, we demonstrate that NINL knockout cells exhibit an impaired response to interferon, resulting in increased permissiveness to viral replication. Moreover, we show that proteases encoded by diverse picornaviruses and coronaviruses cleave and disrupt NINL function in a host- and virus-specific manner. Our work reveals the importance of NINL in the antiviral response and the utility of using signatures of host-virus conflicts to uncover new components of antiviral immunity and targets of viral antagonism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stevens, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beierschmitt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahesula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corley, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salogiannis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsu, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.11.499552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antiviral function and viral antagonism of the rapidly evolving dynein activating adapter NINL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.498973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell specialization in cyanobacterial biofilm development revealed by expression of a cell-surface and extracellular matrix protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.498973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyanobacterial biofilms are ubiquitous and play important roles in diverse environments, yet, understanding of the processes underlying development of these aggregates is just emerging. Here we report cell specialization in formation of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 biofilms - a hitherto unknown characteristic of cyanobacterial multicellularity. We show that only a quarter of the cell population expresses at high levels the four-gene ebfG-operon that is required for biofilm formation. Almost all cells, however, are assembled in the biofilm. Detailed characterization of EbfG4 encoded by this operon revealed cell-surface localization as well as its presence in the biofilm matrix. Moreover, EbfG1-3 were shown to form amyloid structures such as fibrils and are thus likely to contribute to the matrix structure. These data suggest a beneficial  division of labour during biofilm formation where only some of the cells allocate resources to produce matrix proteins -  public goods that support robust biofilm development by the majority of the cells. Additionally, previous studies revealed the operation of a self-suppression mechanism that depends on an extracellular inhibitor, which supresses transcription of the ebfG-operon. Here we revealed inhibitor activity at an early growth stage and its gradual accumulation along the exponential growth phase in correlation with cell density. Data, however, do not support a threshold-like phenomenon known for quorum-sensing in heterotrophs. Together, data presented here demonstrate cell specialization and imply density-dependent regulation thereby providing novel insights into cyanobacterial communal behaviour.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=98 SRC="FIGDIR/small/498973v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (28K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7758f8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@172396aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@176612org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2e320c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frenkel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zecharia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Perez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yegorov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sendersky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benichou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stierhof, Y.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnasa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.13.498973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell specialization in cyanobacterial biofilm development revealed by expression of a cell-surface and extracellular matrix protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decline of intrinsic cerebrospinal fluid outflow in healthy humans with age detected by non-contrast spin-labeling MRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundClearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for the removal of toxins from the brain, with implication for neurodegenerative diseases. Imaging evaluation of CSF outflow in humans has been limited, relying on injections of contrast agents. Objective of this study was to introduce a novel spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to detect and quantify the movement of endogenously tagged CSF without administration of tracer or contrast media, and use the technique to evaluate CSF outflow in normal human subjects with varying ages.

MethodsThis study was performed on a clinical 3-Tesla MRI scanner in healthy subjects (10 males and 6 females; mean age, 47.6 {+/-} 18.9 years; range, 19-71 years) with informed consent. Our non-contrast spin-labeling MRI technique applies a tag pulse on the brain hemisphere, including subarachnoid space, dura mater, brain parenchyma, and images the outflow of the tagged CSF into the superior sagittal sinus. We obtained 3-dimensional images in real time, which was analyzed to determine tagged-signal changes in different regions of the brain involved in CSF outflow or clearance. Additionally, the signal changes over time were fit to a signal curve to determine quantitative flow metrics such as relative CSF flow and volume. These were correlated against subject age to determine aging effects.

ResultsWe observed the signal of the tagged CSF moving from the subarachnoid space to the dura mater and parasagittal dura, and finally draining into the superior sagittal sinus. In addition, there was strong evidence of a direct pathway by which tagged CSF flows directly from the subarachnoid space to the superior sagittal sinus, via the lateral wall of superior sagittal sinus. Furthermore, quantitative CSF outflow metrics were shown to decrease significantly with age.

ConclusionsWe demonstrated a novel non-invasive MRI technique to evaluate CSF clearance in humans. In this study, we identified possible two CSF clearance pathways, and determined normative values and decline of CSF flow metrics in normal ages. Our work provides a new opportunity to better understand the relationships of these CSF clearance pathways in ages, which may be a significant factor in the age-related prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.

FundingThis study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants: RF1AG076692 (MM) and R01HL154092 (MM); and made possible by a grant from Canon Medical Systems. Corp., Japan.

Clinical trialNot applicable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyazaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decline of intrinsic cerebrospinal fluid outflow in healthy humans with age detected by non-contrast spin-labeling MRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated multi-cohort analysis of the Parkinson's disease gut metagenome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe gut microbiome is altered in several neurologic disorders including Parkinsons disease (PD).

ObjectivesProfile the fecal gut metagenome in PD for alterations in microbial composition, taxon abundance, metabolic pathways, and microbial gene products, and their relationship with disease progression.

MethodsShotgun metagenomic sequencing was conducted on 244 stool donors from two independent cohorts in the United States, including individuals with PD (n=48, n=47, respectively), environmental Household Controls (HC, n=29, n=30), and community Population Controls (PC, n=41, n=49). Microbial features consistently altered in PD compared to HC and PC subjects were identified. Data were cross-referenced to public metagenomic datasets from two previous studies in Germany and China to determine generalizable microbiome features.

ResultsThe gut microbiome in PD shows significant alterations in community composition. Robust taxonomic alterations include depletion of putative "beneficial" gut commensals Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium and Roseburia species, and increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium species. Pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic potential, constructed from microbial gene abundance, revealed disruptions in microbial carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. These global gene-level signatures indicate an increased response to oxidative stress, decreased cellular growth and microbial motility, and disrupted inter-community signaling.

ConclusionsA metagenomic meta-analysis of PD shows consistent and novel alterations in taxonomic representation, functional metabolic potential, and microbial gene abundance across four independent studies from three continents. These data reveal stereotypic changes in the gut microbiome are a consistent feature of PD, highlighting potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boktor, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhagen Metman, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engen, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zreloff, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakim, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bostick, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ousey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshavarzian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazmanian, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.20.500694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated multi-cohort analysis of the Parkinson's disease gut metagenome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dolabralexin-deficient mutant provides insight into specialized diterpenoid metabolism in maize (Zea mays). 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two major groups of maize (Zea mays) specialized metabolites, termed kauralexins and dolabralexins, serve as known or predicted diterpenoid defenses against pathogens, herbivores, and other environmental stressors. To consider physiological roles of the recently discovered dolabralexin pathway, we examined dolabralexin structural diversity, tissue-specificity, and stress-elicited production in a defined biosynthetic pathway mutant. Metabolomics analyses support a larger number of dolabralexin pathway products than previously known. We identified dolabradienol as a previously undetected pathway metabolite and characterized its enzymatic production. Transcript and metabolite profiling showed that dolabralexin biosynthesis and accumulation predominantly occurs in primary roots and shows quantitative variation across genetically diverse inbred lines. Generation and analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-derived loss-of- function Kaurene Synthase-Like 4 (Zmksl4) mutants demonstrated dolabralexin production deficiency, thus supporting ZmKSL4 as the diterpene synthase responsible for the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate precursors into dolabradiene and downstream pathway products. Zmksl4 mutants further display altered root-to-shoot ratios and root architecture in response to water deficit, consistent with an interactive role of maize dolabralexins in plant vigor during abiotic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowd, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endelman, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topp, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerbe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.500061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dolabralexin-deficient mutant provides insight into specialized diterpenoid metabolism in maize (Zea mays).]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.23.501268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of pre-existing microbiome and metabolic vulnerabilities to escalation of oxycodone self-administration and identification of a causal role of short-chain fatty acids in addiction-like behaviors. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.23.501268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut brain axis is thought to play a role in behavior and physiological responses through chemical, immunological, and metabolite signaling. Antibiotics, diet, and drugs can alter the transit time of gut contents as well as the makeup of the microbiome. Heterogeneity in genetics and environment are also well-known factors involved in the initiation and perpetuation of substance use disorders. Few viable genetic or biological markers are available to identify individuals who are at risk of escalating opioid intake. Primarily, the addiction field has focused on the nervous system, limiting the discovery of peripheral factors that contribute to addiction. To address this gap, we characterized the microbiome before and after drug exposure, and after antibiotics depletion in male and female heterogenous stock rats to determine if microbiome constituents are protective of escalation. We hypothesized that individuals that are prone to escalation of opioid self-administration will have distinct microbial and metabolic profiles. The fecal microbiome and behavioral responses were measured over several weeks of oxycodone self-administration and after antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment reduces circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by depleting microbes that ferment fiber into these essential signaling molecules for the gut-brain axis. Depletion of the microbiome increased oxycodone self-administration in a subpopulation of animals (Responders). Supplementation of SCFAs in antibiotic depleted animals decreased elevated oxycodone self-administration. Phylogenetic functional analysis reveals distinct metabolic differences in the subpopulations of animals that are sensitive to antibiotic depletion and animals rescued by SCFA supplementation. In conclusion, this study identifies pre-existing microbiome and metabolic vulnerabilities to escalation of oxycodone self-administration, demonstrates that escalation of oxycodone self-administration dysregulates the microbiome and metabolic landscape, and identifies a causal role of short-chain fatty acids in addiction-like behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellmeyer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mclellan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathish, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedighim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.23.501268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of pre-existing microbiome and metabolic vulnerabilities to escalation of oxycodone self-administration and identification of a causal role of short-chain fatty acids in addiction-like behaviors.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemoproteomic identification of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) homolog in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron important for envelope integrity and fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serine hydrolases play important roles in signaling and human metabolism, yet little is known about the functions of these enzymes in gut commensal bacteria. Using bioinformatics and chemoproteomics, we identify serine hydrolases in the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that are specific to the Bacteroidetes phylum. Two are predicted homologs of the human protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4), a key enzyme that regulates insulin signaling. Functional studies reveal that BT4193 is a true homolog of hDPP4 while the other is misannotated and is a proline-specific triaminopeptidase. We demonstrate that BT4193 is important for envelope integrity and is inhibited by FDA-approved type 2 diabetes drugs that target hDPP4. Loss of BT4193 reduces B. thetaiotaomicron fitness during in vitro growth within a diverse community. Taken together, our findings suggest that serine hydrolases contribute to gut microbiota dynamics and may be off-targets for existing drugs that could cause unintended impact on the microbiota.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keller, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakemeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelsinger, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lum, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faucher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipock, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niphakis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemoproteomic identification of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) homolog in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron important for envelope integrity and fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.498234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of BMI in nine population-based cohorts: examining the utility of methylation as a biomarker of BMI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.26.498234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study sought to examine the association between DNA methylation and body mass index (BMI) and the potential utility of these cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in predicting metabolic health. We pooled summary statistics from six trans-ethnic EWAS of BMI representing nine cohorts (n=17058), replicated these findings in the Womens Health Initiative (WHI, n=4822) and developed an epigenetic prediction score of BMI. In the pooled EWAS, 1265 CpG sites were associated with BMI (p<1E-7), and 1238 replicated in the WHI (FDR < 0.05). We performed several stratified analyses to examine whether these associations differed between individuals of European descent and individuals of African descent. We found five CpG sites had a significant interaction with BMI by race/ethnicity. To examine the utility of the significant CpG sites in predicting BMI, we used elastic net regression to predict log normalized BMI in the WHI (80% training/20% testing). This model found 397 sites could explain 32% of the variance in BMI in the WHI test set. Individuals whose methylome-predicted BMI overestimated their BMI (high epigenetic BMI) had significantly higher glucose and triglycerides, and lower HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared to accurately predicted BMI. Individuals whose methylome-predicted BMI underestimated their BMI (low epigenetic BMI) had significantly higher HDL-cholesterol and lower glucose and triglycerides. This study identified 553 previously identified and 685 novel CpG sites associated with BMI. Participants with high epigenetic BMI had poorer metabolic health suggesting that the overestimation may be driven in part by cardiometabolic derangements characteristic of metabolic syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Do, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meeks, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugue, P.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerath, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milne, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agyemang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nassir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadyab, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assimes, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordahl, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baccarelli, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staimez, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, K. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conneely, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.26.498234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of BMI in nine population-based cohorts: examining the utility of methylation as a biomarker of BMI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radiogenomics of C9orf72 expansion carriers reveals global transposable element de-repression and enables prediction of thalamic atrophy and clinical impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.501897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) within C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Thalamic atrophy occurs in both sporadic and familial FTD but is thought to distinctly affect HRE carriers. Separately, emerging evidence suggests widespread de-repression of transposable elements (TEs) in the brain in several neurodegenerative diseases, including C9orf72 HRE-mediated FTD (C9-FTD). Whether TE activation can be measured in peripheral blood and how the reduction in peripheral C9orf72 expression observed in HRE carriers relates to atrophy and clinical impairment remain unknown. We used the FreeSurfer pipeline and its extensions to assess the effects of C9orf72 HRE and clinical diagnosis (n = 78) on atrophy of thalamic nuclei. We also generated a novel, whole-blood RNA-seq dataset to determine the relationships between peripheral C9orf72 expression, TE activation, thalamic atrophy, and clinical severity (n = 114). We confirmed global thalamic atrophy and reduced C9orf72 expression in HRE carriers. Moreover, we identified disproportionate atrophy of the right mediodorsal lateral nucleus in HRE carriers and showed that C9orf72 expression associated with clinical severity, independent of thalamic atrophy. Strikingly, we found global peripheral activation of TEs, including the human endogenous LINE-1 element, L1HS. L1HS levels were associated with atrophy of multiple pulvinar nuclei, a thalamic region implicated in C9-FTD. Integration of peripheral transcriptomic and neuroimaging data from HRE carriers revealed atrophy of specific thalamic nuclei; demonstrated that C9orf72 levels relate to clinical severity; and identified marked de-repression of TEs, including L1HS, which predicted atrophy of FTD-relevant thalamic nuclei.

Significance StatementPathogenic repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most frequent genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9-FTD/ALS). The clinical, neuroimaging, and pathological features of C9-FTD/ALS are well-characterized, whereas the intersections of transcriptomic dysregulation and brain structure remain largely unexplored. Herein, we utilized a novel radiogenomic approach to examine the relationship between peripheral blood transcriptomics and thalamic atrophy, a neuroimaging feature disproportionately impacted in C9-FTD/ALS. We confirmed reduction of C9orf72 in blood and found broad dysregulation of transposable elements--genetic elements typically repressed in the human genome--in symptomatic C9orf72 expansion carriers, which associated with atrophy of thalamic nuclei relevant to FTD. C9orf72 expression was also associated with clinical severity, suggesting that peripheral C9orf72 levels capture disease-relevant information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geier, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirkis, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karydas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturm, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawyer, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichida, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitler, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordingley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankin, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeley, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.28.501897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radiogenomics of C9orf72 expansion carriers reveals global transposable element de-repression and enables prediction of thalamic atrophy and clinical impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale simulations illuminate influenza glycoprotein vulnerabilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.02.502576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics. The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented. Here, we investigate the dynamics of influenza glycoproteins in a crowded protein environment through mesoscale all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of two evolutionary-linked glycosylated influenza A whole-virion models. Our simulations reveal and kinetically characterize three main molecular motions of influenza glycoproteins: NA head tilting, HA ectodomain tilting, and HA head breathing. The flexibility of HA and NA highlights antigenically relevant conformational states, as well as facilitates the characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody, derived from human convalescent plasma, that binds to the underside of the NA head. Our work provides previously unappreciated views on the dynamics of HA and NA, advancing the understanding of their interplay and suggesting possible strategies for the design of future vaccines and antivirals against influenza.

One-Sentence SummaryIn situ dynamics of influenza glycoproteins expose antigenically relevant states and a new site of vulnerability in neuraminidase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lederhofer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsybovsky, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanekiyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.02.502576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breathing and Tilting: Mesoscale simulations illuminate influenza glycoprotein vulnerabilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The hologenome of Osedax frankpressi reveals the genetic interplay for the symbiotic digestion of vertebrate bone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The marine annelid Osedax has evolved a unique heterotrophic symbiosis that allows it to feed exclusively on sunken bones. Yet, the genetic and physiological principles sustaining this symbiosis are poorly understood. Here we show that Osedax frankpressi has a small, AT-rich genome shaped by extensive gene loss. While the Oceanospirillales endosymbiont of Osedax is enriched in genes for carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, O. frankpressi has undergone genetic changes to accommodate bone digestion, including the expansion of matrix metalloproteases, and a loss of pathways to synthesize amino acids that are abundant in collagen. Unlike other symbioses, however, innate immunity genes required to acquire and control the endosymbionts are reduced in O. frankpressi. These findings reveal Osedax has evolved an alternative genomic toolkit to bacterial symbiosis where host-symbiont co-dependence has favoured genome simplicity in the host to exploit the nutritionally unbalanced diet of bones.

TeaserGenome reduction and adaptations for collagen digestion underpin the symbiosis of Osedax worms to exploit decaying bones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moggioli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panossian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Zamora, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifford, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goffredi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimskaya-Korsakova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jekelly, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Duran, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The hologenome of Osedax frankpressi reveals the genetic interplay for the symbiotic digestion of vertebrate bone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting regional somatic mutation rates using DNA motifs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How the locus-specificity of epigenetic modifications is regulated remains an unanswered question. A contributing mechanism is that epigenetic enzymes are recruited to specific loci by DNA binding factors recognizing particular sequence motifs (referred to as epi-motifs). Using these motifs to predict biological outputs depending on local epigenetic state such as somatic mutation rates would confirm their functionality. Here, we used DNA motifs including known TF motifs and epi-motifs as a surrogate of epigenetic signals to predict somatic mutation rates in 13 cancers at an average 23kbp resolution. We implemented an interpretable neural network model, called contextual regression, to successfully learn the universal relationship between mutations and DNA motifs, and uncovered motifs that are most impactful on the regional mutation rates such as TP53 and epi-motifs associated with H3K9me3. Furthermore, we identified genomic regions with significantly higher mutation rates than the expected values in each individual tumor and demonstrated that such cancer-specific regions can accurately predict cancer types. (The code is available from https://github.com/Wang-lab-UCSD/SomaticMutation)

Significance StatementThe relationship between DNA motifs and somatic mutation rates in cancers is not fully understood, especially at high resolution. Here we developed an interpretable neural network model to successfully predict somatic mutation rates using DNA motifs in 13 diverse cancers and identified the most informative motifs. Furthermore, we showed that the genomic regions with significant higher mutation rates than the predicted values can be used for cancer classification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting regional somatic mutation rates using DNA motifs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detecting boolean asymmetric relationships with a loop counting technique and its implications for analyzing heterogeneity within gene expression datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many traditional methods for analyzing gene-gene relationships focus on positive and negative correlations, both of which are a kind of  symmetric relationship. Biclustering is one such technique that typically searches for subsets of genes exhibiting correlated expression among a subset of samples. However, genes can also exhibit  asymmetric relationships, such as  if-then relationships used in boolean circuits. In this paper we develop a very general method that can be used to detect biclusters within gene-expression data that involve subsets of genes which are enriched for these  boolean-asymmetric relationships (BARs). These BAR-biclusters can correspond to heterogeneity that is driven by asymmetric gene-gene interactions, e.g., reflecting regulatory effects of one gene on another, rather than more standard symmetric interactions. Unlike typical approaches that search for BARs across the entire population, BAR-biclusters can detect asymmetric interactions that only occur among a subset of samples. We apply our method to a single-cell RNA-sequencing data-set, demonstrating that the statistically-significant BAR-biclusters indeed contain additional information not present within the more traditional  boolean-symmetric-biclusters. For example, the BAR-biclusters involve different subsets of cells, and highlight different gene-pathways within the data-set. Moreover, by combining the boolean-asymmetric- and boolean-symmetric-signals, one can build linear classifiers which outperform those built using only traditional boolean-symmetric signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangan, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labra, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detecting boolean asymmetric relationships with a loop counting technique and its implications for analyzing heterogeneity within gene expression datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidation of independently modulated genes in Streptococcus pyogenes reveals carbon sources that control its expression of hemolytic toxins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus pyogenes can cause a wide variety of acute infections throughout the body of its human host. The underlying transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is responsible for altering the physiological state of the bacterium to adapt to each host environment. Consequently, an in-depth understanding the comprehensive dynamics of its TRN could inform new therapeutic strategies. Here, we compiled 116 existing high-quality RNA-seq data sets of S. pyogenes serotype M1, and estimated the TRN structure in a top-down fashion by performing independent component analysis (ICA). The algorithm computed 42 independently modulated sets of genes (iModulons). Four iModulons contained nga-ifs-slo virulence-related operon, which allowed us to identify carbon sources that control its expression. In particular, dextrin utilization upregulated nga-ifs-slo operon by activation of two-component regulatory system CovRS-related iModulons, and changed bacterial hemolytic activity compared to glucose or maltose utilization. Finally, we show that the iModulon-based TRN structure can be used to simplify interpretation of noisy bacterial transcriptome at the infection site.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hirose, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergsten, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanada, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawabata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidation of independently modulated genes in Streptococcus pyogenes reveals carbon sources that control its expression of hemolytic toxins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.06.502205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of Highly Selective Epoxyketone-based Plasmodium Proteasome Inhibitors with Negligible Cytotoxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.06.502205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we present remarkable epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitors with low nanomolar in vitro potency for blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicity for human cells. Our best compound has more than 2,600-fold greater selectivity for erythrocytic-stage P. falciparum over HepG2 cells, which is largely driven by the accommodation of the parasite proteasome for a O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-amino acid in the P3 position and the preference for a difluorobenzyl group in the P1 position. These compounds also significantly reduce parasitemia in a P. berghei mouse infection model and prolong survival of animals by an average of 6 days. The current epoxyketone inhibitors are ideal starting compounds for orally bioavailable anti-malarial drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almaliti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMonte, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottilie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glukhov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boura, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.06.502205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of Highly Selective Epoxyketone-based Plasmodium Proteasome Inhibitors with Negligible Cytotoxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.06.503037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Impact of Population Stratification on the Analysis of Multimodal Neuroimaging Derived Measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.06.503037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the human brain are now attaining larger sample sizes with more diverse samples. However, population stratification, a key factor driving heterogeneity and confounding of associations, is seldom accounted for in neuroimaging analyses. To investigate this issue, we assessed the impact of population stratification on multimodal imaging measures using baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) StudySM (n = 10,748). Given this sociodemographically diverse sample, which broadly reflects the population composition of the United States, we performed a thorough evaluation of the impact of population stratification on derived neuroimaging metrics across five different imaging modalities: task functional MRI (task fMRI), resting state functional MRI (rsMRI), diffusion tensor images (DTI), restricted spectrum images (RSI), and structural T1 MRI (sMRI). We used parental income level as an example to highlight the impact of population stratification in confounding brain-wide associations. We show that derived metrics from structural images have up to three times more signal related to population stratification than do functional images. Controlling for population stratification in statistical models leads to a substantial reduction in the association strength between variables of interests and imaging measures, indicating the scale of potential bias. Moreover, because of unequal access to resources (such as income) across ancestral groups in United States, population stratification effects on imaging features may bias associations between parental income levels and imaging features, as we demonstrate. Our results provide a guide for researchers to critically examine the impact of population stratification and to assist in avoiding spurious brain-behavior associations.

HighlightsO_LIHere, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the confounding impact of population stratification in large-scale imaging studies.
C_LIO_LIMorphological features from structural imaging appear to be more susceptible to the confounding effects of population stratification than do functional imaging features.
C_LIO_LIThe population stratification tends to inflates the association strengths between the variable of interest and imaging features.
C_LIO_LIWhen the variable of interest is highly colinear with the population stratification, such as income levels, brain associations cannot be differentiated and may be misattributed as mediating effects.
C_LIO_LIIt is critical to account for population stratification in imaging analyses.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.06.503037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Impact of Population Stratification on the Analysis of Multimodal Neuroimaging Derived Measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orbitofrontal cortex populations are differentially recruited to support actions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to use information from ones prior actions is necessary for decision-making. While Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been hypothesized as key for inferences made using cue and value-related information, whether OFC populations contribute to the use of information from volitional actions to guide behavior is not clear. Here, we used a self-paced lever-press hold down task in which mice infer prior lever press durations to guide subsequent action performance. We show that activity of genetically identified lateral OFC subpopulations differentially instantiate current and prior action information during ongoing action execution. Transient state-dependent lOFC circuit disruptions of specified subpopulations reduced the encoding of ongoing press durations but did not disrupt the use of prior action information to guide future action performance. In contrast, a chronic functional loss of lOFC circuit activity resulted in increased reliance on recently executed lever press durations and impaired contingency reversal, suggesting the recruitment of compensatory mechanisms that resulted in repetitive action control. Our results identify a novel role for lOFC in the integration of action information to guide adaptive behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gremel, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orbitofrontal cortex populations are differentially recruited to support actions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic and environmental etiology of blood-based biomarkers related to the risks of Alzheimer's Disease in a population-based sample of early old age men 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) framework has led to an increased focus on Alzheimers disease (AD) biomarkers. The cost and invasiveness of obtaining biomarkers via cerebrospinal fluid has motivated efforts to develop sensitive blood-based biomarkers. Although AD is highly heritable, the biometric genetic and environmental etiology of blood-based biomarkers has never been explored. We therefore, analyzed plasma beta-amyloid (A{beta}40, A{beta}42, A{beta}42/40), total tautau (t-tautau), and neurofilament light (NFL) biomarkers in a sample of 1,050 men aged 60 to 73 years (m=68.2, SD=2.5) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). Unlike A{beta} and tautau, NFL does not define AD; however, as a biomarker of neurodegeneration it serves as the N component in the ATN framework. Univariate estimates suggest that familial aggregation in A{beta}42, A{beta}42/40, t-tau, and NFL is entirely explained by additive genetic influences accounting for 40%-58% of the total variance. All remaining variance is associated with unshared or unique environmental influences. For A{beta}40, a additive genetic (31%), shared environmental (44%), and unshared environmental (25%) influences contribute to the total variance. In the more powerful multivariate analysis of A{beta}42, A{beta}40, t-tau, and NFL, heritability estimates range from 32% to 58%. A{beta}40 and A{beta}42 are statistically genetically identical (rg = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.92,1.00) and are also moderately environmentally correlated (re = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.59, 0.73). All other genetic and environmental associations were non-significant or small. Our results suggest that plasma biomarkers are heritable and that A{beta}40 and A{beta}42 share the same genetic influences, whereas the genetic influences on plasma t-tau and NFL are mostly unique and uncorrelated with plasma A{beta} in early old-age men.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eglit, G. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic and environmental etiology of blood-based biomarkers related to the risks of Alzheimer's Disease in a population-based sample of early old age men]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast, Efficient Multimodal Image Normalisation Tool (FEMINisT) for the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study: the FEMINisT ABCD Atlas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study aims to measure the trajectories of brain, cognitive, and emotional development. Cognitive and behavioural development during late childhood and adolescence have been associated with a myriad of microstructural and morphological alterations across the brain, as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These associations may be strongly localised or spatially diffuse, therefore, it would be advantageous to analyse multimodal MRI data in concert, and across the whole brain. The ABCD study presents the unique challenge of integrating multimodal data from tens of thousands of scans at multiple timepoints, within a reasonable computation time. To address the need for a multimodal registration and atlas for the ABCD dataset, we present the synthesis of an ABCD atlas using the Multimodal Image Normalisation Tool (MINT). The MINT ABCD atlas was generated from baseline and two-year follow up imaging data using an iterative approach to synthesise a cohort-specific atlas from linear and nonlinear deformations of eleven channels of diffusion and structural MRI data. We evaluated the performance of MINT against two widely used methods and show that MINT achieves comparable alignment to current state-of-the-art multimodal registration, at a fraction of the computation time. To validate the use of the ABCD MINT atlas in whole brain, voxelwise analysis, we replicate and expand on previously published region-of-interest analysis between diffusion MRI-derived measures and body mass index (BMI). We also report novel association between BMI and brain morphology derived from the registration deformations. We present the ABCD MINT atlas as a publicly available resource to facilitate whole brain voxelwise analyses for the ABCD study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast, Efficient Multimodal Image Normalisation Tool (FEMINisT) for the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study: the FEMINisT ABCD Atlas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A lone spike in blood glucose can enhance the thrombo-inflammatory response in cortical venules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How transient hyperglycemia contributes to cerebro-vascular disease has been a challenge to study under controlled conditions. We present an approach to model luminal vessel thrombo-inflammation using amplified, ultrashort laser-pulses to physically disrupt brain-venule endothelium. Vessel disruption in conjunction with transient hyperglycemia from a single injection of metabolically active D-glucose results in real-time responses to venule damage that include rapid serum extravasation, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil recruitment, in normal mice. In contrast, vessel thrombo-inflammation following laser-induced vessel disruption is significantly reduced in mice injected with metabolically inert L-glucose. Thrombo-inflammation is pharmacologically ameliorated by a platelet inhibitor, by a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, or by a nitric oxide donor. For comparison, in diabetic mice injured vessel thrombo-inflammatory responses are also reduced by restoration of normo-glycemia. Our approach provides a controlled method to probe synergies of transient metabolic and physical vascular perturbations and reveals new aspects of brain pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaked, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broggini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mächler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundd, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleninfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.10.503527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A lone spike in blood glucose can enhance the thrombo-inflammatory response in cortical venules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-administration therapeutic interfering particle reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and pathogenesis in hamsters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 is a primary driver of the COVID-19 pandemic. While existing interventions prevent severe disease, they exhibit mixed efficacy in preventing transmission, presumably due to their limited antiviral effects in the respiratory mucosa, whereas interventions targeting the sites of viral replication might more effectively limit respiratory virus transmission. Recently, intranasally administered RNA-based therapeutic interfering particles (TIPs) were reported to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication, exhibit a high barrier to resistance, and prevent serious disease in hamsters. Since TIPs intrinsically target the tissues with the highest viral replication burden (i.e., respiratory tissues for SARS-CoV-2), we tested the potential of TIP intervention to reduce SARS-CoV-2 shedding. Here, we report that a single, post-exposure TIP dose lowers SARS-CoV-2 nasal shedding and at 5 days post-infection infectious virus shed is below detection limits in 4 out of 5 infected animals. Furthermore, TIPs reduce shedding of Delta variant or WA-1 from infected to uninfected hamsters. Co-housed  contact animals exposed to infected, TIP-treated, animals exhibited significantly lower viral loads, reduced inflammatory cytokines, no severe lung pathology, and shortened shedding duration compared to animals co-housed with untreated infected animals. TIPs may represent an effective countermeasure to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

SignificanceCOVID-19 vaccines are exceptionally effective in preventing severe disease and death, but they have mixed efficacy in preventing virus transmission, consistent with established literature that parenteral vaccines for other viruses fail to prevent mucosal virus shedding or transmission. Likewise, small-molecule antivirals, while effective in reducing viral-disease pathogenesis, also appear to have inconsistent efficacy in preventing respiratory virus transmission including for SARS-CoV-2. Recently, we reported the discovery of a single-administration antiviral Therapeutic Interfering Particle (TIP) against SARS-CoV-2 that prevents severe disease in hamsters and exhibits a high genetic barrier to the evolution of resistance. Here, we report that TIP intervention also reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission between hamsters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.10.503534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-administration therapeutic interfering particle reduces SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and pathogenesis in hamsters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.500715v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A thermodynamically-consistent model for ATP production in mitochondria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.500715v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWLife is based on energy conversion. In particular, in the nervous system significant amounts of energy are needed to maintain synaptic transmission and homeostasis. To a large extent, neurons depend on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria to meet their high energy demand (Pekkurnaz and Wang, 2022). For a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic demands in neuronal signaling, accurate models of ATP production in mitochondria are required. Here, we present a thermodynamically consistent model of ATP production in mitochondria based on previous work (Pietrobon and Caplan, 1985; Magnus and Keizer, 1997; Metelkin et al., 2006; Garcia et al., 2019). The significant improvement of the model is that the reaction rate constants are set such that detailed balance is satisfied. Moreover, using thermodynamic considerations, the dependence of the reaction rate constants on membrane potential, pH, and substrate concentrations are explicitly provided. These constraints assure the model is physically plausible. Furthermore, we explore different parameter regimes to understand in which conditions ATP production or its export are the limiting steps in making ATP available in the cytosol. The outcomes reveal that, under the conditions used in our simulations, ATP production is the limiting step and not its export. Finally, we performed spatial simulations with nine 3D realistic mitochondrial reconstructions and linked the ATP production rate in the cytosol with morphological features of the organelles.

1. SO_SCPLOWUMMARYC_SCPLOWIn this work, Garcia et al present a thermodynamically consistent model for ATP production in mitochondria, in which reaction rate constants are set such that detailed balance is satisfied. Simulations revealed that ATP production, but not its export, is the limiting step, and simulations with 3D mitochondrial reconstructions linked the ATP production rate in the cytosol with the morphological features of the organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.16.500715</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A thermodynamically-consistent model for ATP production in mitochondria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.17.504291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational modeling of AMPK and mTOR crosstalk in glutamatergic synapse calcium signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.17.504291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal energy consumption is vital for information processing and memory formation in synapses. The brain consists of just 2% of the human bodys mass, but consumes almost 20% of the bodys energy budget. Most of this energy is attributed to active transport in ion signaling, with calcium being the canonical second messenger of synaptic transmission. Here, we develop a computational model of synaptic signaling resulting in the activation of two protein kinases critical in metabolic regulation and cell fate, AMP-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and investigate the effect of glutamate stimulus frequency on their dynamics. Our model predicts that frequencies of glutamate stimulus over 10 Hz perturb AMPK and mTOR oscillations at higher magnitudes by up to 70% and area under curve (AUC) by 10%. This dynamic difference in AMPK and mTOR activation trajectories potentially differentiates high frequency stimulus bursts from basal neuronal signaling leading to a downstream change in synaptic plasticity. Further, we also investigate the crosstalk between insulin receptor and calcium signaling on AMPK and mTOR activation and predict that the pathways demonstrate multistability dependent on strength of insulin signaling and metabolic consumption rate. Our predictions have implications for improving our understanding of neuronal metabolism, synaptic pruning, and synaptic plasticity.

Key PointsO_LINeurons consume disproportionate amounts of cellular energy relative to their mass, indicating the importance of energy regulation in information processing in the brain.
C_LIO_LIAMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is thought to be the biochemical link between energy consumption in neuronal information processing and synaptic plasticity.
C_LIO_LIComputational model investigating the crosstalk between high-frequency glutamatergic calcium signaling and AMPK activation in neurons predicts multistability in AMPK and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation.
C_LIO_LIOur models predict a frequency-dependent response in AMPK and mTOR activation that also scales according to insulin signaling and energy consumption. The oscillatory behavior depends on both intracellular and extracellular factors, such as energy consumption and insulin signaling.
C_LIO_LIThis work elucidates the role of insulin and insulin resistance in regulating neuronal activity, through computational modeling the metabolic response of energy stress resulting from calcium signaling.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.17.504291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational modeling of AMPK and mTOR crosstalk in glutamatergic synapse calcium signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural network facilitated ab initio derivation of linear formula: A case study on formulating the relationship between DNA motifs and gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing models with high interpretability and even deriving formulas to quantify relationships between biological data is an emerging need. We propose here a framework for ab initio derivation of sequence motifs and linear formula using a new approach based on the interpretable neural network model called contextual regression model. We showed that this linear model could predict gene expression levels using promoter sequences with a performance comparable to deep neural network models. We uncovered a list of 300 motifs with important regulatory roles on gene expression and showed that they also had significant contributions to cell-type specific gene expression in 154 diverse cell types. This work illustrates the possibility of deriving formulas to represent biology laws that may not be easily elucidated. (https://github.com/Wang-lab-UCSD/Motif_Finding_Contextual_Regression)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural network facilitated ab initio derivation of linear formula: A case study on formulating the relationship between DNA motifs and gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remarkable Sex-Specific Differences at Single-Cell Resolution in Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) predisposes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterized by abnormal alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development, in preterm neonates. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure is used to recapitulate the phenotype of human BPD in murine models. Male sex is considered an independent predictor for the development of BPD, but the main mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes are unknown. Our objective was to investigate sex-specific and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive injury in the neonatal lung exposed to hyperoxia at single-cell resolution and delineate the changes in cell-cell communication networks in the developing lung. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to generate transcriptional profiles of >35000 cells isolated from the lungs of neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% FiO2 between PND1-5 (saccular stage of lung development) or normoxia and euthanized at PND7 (alveolar stage of lung development). ScRNAseq identified 22 cell clusters with distinct populations of endothelial, epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells. Our data identified that the distal lung vascular endothelium (composed of aerocytes and general capillary endothelial cells) is exquisitely sensitive to hyperoxia exposure with the emergence of an intermediate capillary endothelial population with both aCaP and gCaP markers. We also identified a myeloid derived suppressor cell population from the lung neutrophils. Sexual dimorphism was evident in all lung cell subpopulations but was striking among the lung immune cells. Finally, we identified that the specific intercellular communication networks and the ligand-receptor pairs that are impacted by neonatal hyperoxia exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cantu Gutierrez, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingappan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remarkable Sex-Specific Differences at Single-Cell Resolution in Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.504974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of a mutator parasite to drive resistome discovery in Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.504974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro evolution of drug resistance is a powerful approach for identifying antimalarial targets, however key obstacles to eliciting resistance are the parasite inoculum size and mutation rate. Here we sought to increase parasite genetic diversity to potentiate resistance selections by editing catalytic residues of Plasmodium falciparum DNA polymerase {delta}. Mutation accumulation assays revealed a [~]5-8 fold elevation in the mutation rate, with an increase of 13-28 fold in drug-pressured lines. When challenged with KAE609, high-level resistance was obtained more rapidly and at lower inoculum than wild-type parasites. Selections were also successful with an "irresistible" compound, MMV665794 that failed to yield resistance with other strains. Mutations in a previously uncharacterized gene, PF3D7_1359900, which we term quinoxaline resistance protein (QRP1), were validated as causal for resistance to MMV665794 and an analog, MMV007224. The increased genetic repertoire available to this "mutator" parasite can be leveraged to drive P. falciparum resistome discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumpornsin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochakarn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoshizaki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhlemann, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cubel, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Lorenzo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamo, F.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chookajorn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.23.504974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of a mutator parasite to drive resistome discovery in Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroRNA-218 instructs proper assembly of hippocampal networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The assembly of the mammalian brain is orchestrated by temporally coordinated waves of gene expression. A key aspect of this developmental program is mediated at the post-transcriptional level by microRNAs (miRNAs). Deletion of neuronal enriched miRNAs induces strong developmental phenotypes, and multiple reports have found altered levels of miRNAs in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms used by miRNAs to instruct proper brain development remain largely unexplored.

Here, through multiple screens, we identified miR-218 as a critical regulator of hippocampal assembly in mice. MiR-218 is highly expressed in the hippocampus and enriched in both excitatory principal neurons and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. Transient inhibition of miR-218 in early life results in an adult brain with heightened network activity and a predisposition to seizures. We used RNA-seq and FACS-seq (fluorescence-activated cell sorting followed by RNA-seq) to identify global and cell type-specific changes in gene expression in the absence of miR-218 and narrow down which altered developmental processes would lead to long-term network instability. We find that miR-218 inhibition results in the disruption of early depolarizing GABAergic signaling, structural defects in dendritic spines, and altered intrinsic membrane excitability. Finally, conditional knockout of miR-218 in interneurons, but not pyramidal neurons is sufficient to recapitulate the effects on long-term stability. Taken together, the data suggest that miR-218 orchestrates hippocampal network assembly to produce a stable network in the adult, primarily by regulating interneuron function in early postnatal life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolboot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartzell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girgiss, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abaci, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Sanctis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellenchi, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darnell, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.24.505085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroRNA-218 instructs proper assembly of hippocampal networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable Prediction of mRNA Abundance from Promoter Sequence using Contextual Regression Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While machine learning models have been successfully applied to predicting gene expression from promoter sequences, it remains a great challenge to derive intuitive interpretation of the model and reveal DNA motif grammar such as motif cooperation and distance constraint between motif sites. Previous interpretation approaches are often time-consuming or hard to learn the combinatory rules. In this work, we designed interpretable neural network models to predict the mRNA expression levels from DNA sequences. By applying the Contextual Regression framework we developed, we extracted weighted features to cluster samples into different groups, which have different gene expression levels. We performed motif analysis in each cluster and found motifs with active or repressive regulation on gene expression as well as motif combination grammars including several motif communities and distance constraints between cooperative motifs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.27.505543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable Prediction of mRNA Abundance from Promoter Sequence using Contextual Regression Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.503941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pharmacoproteomic landscape of organotypic intervention responses in gram-negative sepsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.503941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sepsis is the major cause of mortality across intensive care units globally, yet details of accompanying pathological molecular events remains unclear. This knowledge gap has resulted in ineffective development of sepsis-specific biomarkers and therapies, and suboptimal treatment regimens to prevent or reverse organ damage. Here, we used pharmacoproteomics to score treatment effects in a murine Escherichia coli sepsis model based on changes in the organ, cell, and plasma proteome landscapes. A combination of pathophysiological read-outs and time-resolved proteome maps of organs and blood enabled us to define time-dependent and organotypic proteotypes of dysfunction and damage upon administration of several combinations of the broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic meropenem (Mem) and/or the immunomodulatory glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (Gcc). Three distinct response patterns were identified, defined as intervention-specific reversions, non-reversions, and specific intervention-induced effects, which depended on the underlying proteotype and varied significantly across organs. In the later stages of the disease, Gcc enhanced some positive treatment effects of Mem with superior reduction of the inflammatory response in the kidneys and partial restoration of sepsis-induced metabolic dysfunction. Unexpectedly, Mem introduced sepsis-independent perturbations in the mitochondrial proteome that were to some degree counteracted by Gcc. In summary, this study provides a pharmacoproteomic resource describing the time-resolved septic organ failure landscape across organs and blood, coupled to a novel scoring strategy that captures unintended secondary drug effects as an important criterion to consider when assessing therapeutic efficacy. Such information is critical for quantitative, objective, and organotypic assessment of benefits and unintended effects of candidate treatments in relationship to dosing, timing, and potential synergistic combinations in murine sepsis models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson, C. A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmstrom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bratanis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grentzmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmstrom, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shannon, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmstrom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.503941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pharmacoproteomic landscape of organotypic intervention responses in gram-negative sepsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polycomb response elements reduce leaky expression of Cas9 under temperature-inducible Hsp70Bb promoter in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heat shock inducible expression of genes through the use of heat inducible promoters is commonly used in research despite leaky expression of downstream genes of interest without targeted induction (i.e. heat shock). The development of non-leaky inducible expression systems are of broad interest for both basic and applied studies, to precisely control gene expression. Here we characterize the use of Polycomb response elements and the inducible Heat shock protein 70Bb promoter, previously described as a non-leaky inducible system, to regulate Cas9 endonuclease levels and function in Drosophila melanogaster after varying both heat shock durations and rearing temperatures. We show that Polycomb response elements can significantly reduce expression of Cas9 under Heat shock protein 70Bb promoter control using a range of conditions, corroborating previously published results. We further demonstrate that this low transcript level of heat-induced Cas9 is sufficient to induce mutant mosaic phenotypes. Incomplete suppression of an inducible Cas9 system by Polycomb response elements with no heat shock suggests that further regulatory elements are required to precisely control Cas9 expression and abundance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Warsinger-Pepe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desroberts, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polycomb response elements reduce leaky expression of Cas9 under temperature-inducible Hsp70Bb promoter in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.505886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear-enriched protein phosphatase 4 ensures outer kinetochore assemblyprior to nuclear dissolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.505886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A landmark event in the transition from interphase to mitosis in metazoans is nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). Many events important for mitosis occur prior to NEBD, including condensation of replicated chromosomes and assembly of kinetochores to rapidly engage spindle microtubules. Here we show that nuclear-enriched protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) ensures robust assembly of the microtubule-coupling outer kinetochore prior to NEBD. In the absence of PP4, chromosomes exhibit extended monopolar orientation after NEBD and subsequently mis-segregate. A secondary consequence of diminished outer kinetochore assembly is defective sister chromatid resolution. After NEBD, a cytoplasmic activity compensates for PP4 loss, leading to outer kinetochore assembly and recovery of chromosomes from monopolar orientation to significant biorientation. The Ndc80-Ska microtubule-binding module of the outer kinetochore is required for this recovery. PP4 associates with the inner kinetochore protein CENP-C; however, disrupting the PP4-CENP-C interaction does not perturb chromosome segregation. These results establish that PP4-dependent outer kinetochore assembly prior to NEBD is critical for timely and proper engagement of chromosomes with spindle microtubules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rocha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoes, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budrewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier de Carvalho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.505886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear-enriched protein phosphatase 4 ensures outer kinetochore assemblyprior to nuclear dissolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of time spent on active learning on exam performance: A controlled case study on a course with different instructors but identical teaching materials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Active learning, including student thinking and discussion in class, has been shown to increase student learning gains. However, it is less clear how variations in how instructors implement active learning affect student gains. Our study aims to investigate the extent to which the time spent on individual episodes of active learning activities influences student performance. We hypothesized that instructors who let students spend more time on peer discussion and individual thinking on practice problems associated with particular learning objectives will have better student exam scores on exam questions addressing those objectives. To test this hypothesis, we obtained a large data set of classroom recordings and student exam scores from an introductory biology course at a large four-year university, where three instructors shared identical teaching materials and exams for different course offerings.

Contrary to our hypothesis, although the three instructors spent significantly different amounts of time on episodes of thinking and peer discussion, there was no correlation between the total time spent on active learning activities and student performance on exam questions. Linear mixed-effects modeling of the effect of length of episodes of student thinking and discussion on exam score found that the amount of course time spent on active learning activities did not reliably predict student performance on associated exam questions. This result held true even when only considering learning objectives with high variations in performance between offerings, difficult exam questions, exam questions requiring higher-order thinking skills, or within-instructor performance. Although our study was only conducted in one course, our results imply that time spent per individual episode of student thinking or peer discussion may not be the primary factor explaining the positive effects of active learning and that it may be worthwhile to explore other factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloy, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of time spent on active learning on exam performance: A controlled case study on a course with different instructors but identical teaching materials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining antigen targets to dissect vaccinia virus (VACV) and Monkeypox virus (MPXV)-specific T cell responses in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in non-endemic countries is raising concern about the pandemic potential of novel orthopoxviruses. Little is known regarding MPXV immunity in the context of MPXV infection or vaccination with Vaccinia-based vaccines (VACV). As with vaccinia, T cells are likely to provide an important contribution to overall immunity to MPXV. Here we leveraged the epitope information available in Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) on VACV to predict potential MPXV targets recognized by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. We found a high degree of conservation between VACV epitopes and MPXV, and defined T cell immunodominant targets. These analyses enabled the design of peptide pools able to experimentally detect VACV-specific T cell responses and MPXV cross-reactive T cells in a cohort of vaccinated individuals. Our findings will facilitate the monitoring of cellular immunity following MPXV infection and vaccination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubiro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reina-Campos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filaci, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.06.506534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining antigen targets to dissect vaccinia virus (VACV) and Monkeypox virus (MPXV)-specific T cell responses in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cocaine addiction-like behaviors are associated with long-term changes in gene regulation, energy metabolism, and GABAergic inhibition within the amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amygdala processes positive and negative valence and contributes to the development of addiction, but the underlying cell type-specific gene regulatory programs are unknown. We generated an atlas of single nucleus gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the amygdala of outbred rats with low and high cocaine addiction-like behaviors following prolonged abstinence. Between rats with different addiction indexes, we identified thousands of cell type-specific differentially expressed genes enriched for energy metabolism-related pathways that are known to affect synaptic transmission and action potentials. Rats with high addiction-like behaviors showed enhanced GABAergic transmission in the amygdala, which, along with relapse-like behaviors, were reversed by inhibition of Glyoxalase 1, which metabolizes the GABAA receptor agonist methylglyoxal. Finally, we identified thousands of cell type-specific chromatin accessible sites and transcription factor (TF) motifs where accessibility was associated with addiction index, most notably at motifs for pioneer TFs in the Fox, Sox, helix-loop-helix, and AP1 families.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.506493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cocaine addiction-like behaviors are associated with long-term changes in gene regulation, energy metabolism, and GABAergic inhibition within the amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A small-molecule myosin inhibitor as a targeted multi-stage antimalarial 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria is a devastating disease that resulted in an estimated 627,000 deaths in 2020. About 80% of those deaths were among children under the age of five. Our approach is to develop small molecule inhibitors against cytoskeletal targets that are vital components of parasite function, essential at multiple stages of parasite infection, can be targeted with high specificity, and are highly druggable. Here we describe KNX-115, which inhibits purified Plasmodium falciparum myosin A (PfMyoA) actin-activated ATPase with a potency in the 10s of nanomolar range and >50-fold selectivity against cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle myosins. KNX-115 inhibits the blood and liver stages of Plasmodium with an EC50 of about 100 nanomolar, with negligible liver cell toxicity. In addition, KNX-115 inhibits sporozoite cell traversal and blocks the gametocyte to oocyst conversion in the mosquito. KNX-115 displays a similar killing profile to pyrimethamine and parasites are totally killed after 96 hours of treatment. In line with its novel mechanism of action, KNX-115 is equally effective at inhibiting a panel of Plasmodium strains resistant to experimental and marketed antimalarials. In vitro evolution data likely suggests a refractory potential of KNX-115 in developing parasite resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karabina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergnes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wander, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huijs, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouchida, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruijgrok, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittlin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laleu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spudich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dechering, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nag, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spudich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A small-molecule myosin inhibitor as a targeted multi-stage antimalarial]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.10.507000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two Synaptic Convergence Motifs Define Functional Roles for Inputs to Cochlear Nucleus Bushy Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.10.507000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Globular bushy cells (GBCs) of the cochlear nucleus play central roles in the temporal processing of sound. Despite investigation over many decades, fundamental questions remain about their dendrite structure, afferent innervation, and integration of synaptic inputs. Here, we use volume electron microscopy (EM) to construct synaptic maps that precisely specify convergence ratios and synaptic weights for auditory- nerve innervation and accurate surface areas of all postsynaptic compartments. Detailed biophysically-based compartmental models can help develop hypotheses regarding how GBCs integrate inputs to yield their recorded responses to sound. We established a pipeline to export a precise reconstruction of auditory nerve axons and their endbulb terminals together with high-resolution dendrite, soma, and axon reconstructions into biophysically-detailed compartmental models that could be activated by a standard cochlear transduction model. With these constraints, the models predict auditory nerve input profiles whereby all endbulbs onto a GBC are subthreshold (coincidence detection mode), or one or two inputs are suprathreshold (mixed mode). The models also predict the relative importance of dendrite geometry, soma size, and axon initial segment length in setting action potential threshold and generating heterogeneity in sound-evoked responses, and thereby propose mechanisms by which GBCs may homeostatically adjust their excitability. Volume EM also reveals new dendritic structures and dendrites that lack innervation. This framework defines a pathway from subcellular morphology to synaptic connectivity, and facilitates investigation into the roles of specific cellular features in sound encoding. We also clarify the need for new experimental measurements to provide missing cellular parameters, and predict responses to sound for further in vivo studies, thereby serving as a template for investigation of other neuron classes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spirou, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kersting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razzaq, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves-Pinto, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manis, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.10.507000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two Synaptic Convergence Motifs Define Functional Roles for Inputs to Cochlear Nucleus Bushy Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of Gαi shapes canonical Gα(i)βγ/GPCR signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A long-standing question in the field of signal transduction is to understand the interplay between distinct signaling pathways that control cell behavior. For growth factors and heterotrimeric G proteins, the two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes, the mechanisms of independent signal transduction have been extensively characterized; however, if/how they may cross talk remains obscure. Here we use linear-ion-trap mass spectrometry in combination with cell-based biophysical, biochemical, and phenotypic assays to chart at least three distinct ways in which growth factors may impact canonical G(i){beta}{gamma} signaling downstream of a GPCR (CXCR4) via phosphorylation of Gi. Phosphomimicking mutations in a cluster of residues in the E helix (Y154/Y155) result in the suppression of agonist-induced G(i) activation while promoting constitutive G{beta}{gamma} signaling; others in the P-loop (Ser44, Ser47, Thr48) suppress Gi activation entirely thus completely segregating the growth factor and GPCR pathways. While most phosphoevents appear to impact, as expected, the core properties of G(i) (conformational stability, nucleotide binding, G{beta}{gamma} association and release, etc.), one phosphomimicking mutation promoted mislocalization of Gi from the plasma membrane: a novel and unexpected mechanism of GPCR signal suppression. A phosphomutation of C-terminal Y320 was sufficient to orchestrate such suppression by protein compartmentalization. Findings not only elucidate how growth factor and chemokine signals crosstalk through phosphomodulation of Gi, but also how such crosstalk may generate signal diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silas, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.11.507491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation of Gαi shapes canonical Gα(i)βγ/GPCR signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TandemAligner: a new parameter-free framework for fast sequence alignment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent advances in "complete genomics" revealed the previously inaccessible genomic regions (such as centromeres) and enabled analysis of their associations with diseases. However, analysis of variations in centromeres, immunoglobulin loci, and other extra-long tandem repeats (ETRs) faces an algorithmic bottleneck since there are currently no tools for accurate sequence comparison of ETRs. Counterintuitively, the classical alignment approaches, such as the Smith-Waterman algorithm, that work well for most sequences, fail to construct biologically adequate alignments of ETRs. This limitation was overlooked in previous studies since the ETR sequences across multiple genomes only became available in the last year. We present TandemAligner -- the first parameter-free sequence alignment algorithm that introduces a sequence-dependent alignment scoring that automatically changes for any pair of compared sequences. We apply TandemAligner to various human centromeres and primate immunoglobulin loci, arrive at the first accurate estimate of the mutation rates in human centromeres, and quantify the extremely high rate of large insertions/duplications in centromeres. This extremely high rate (that the standard alignment algorithms fail to uncover) suggests that centromeres represent the most rapidly evolving regions of the human genome with respect to their structural organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.507041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TandemAligner: a new parameter-free framework for fast sequence alignment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortico-cortical and hippocampo-cortical co-rippling are facilitated by thalamo-cortical spindles and upstates, but not by thalamic ripples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The co-occurrence of brief [~]90Hz oscillations (co-ripples) may be important for integrating information across the neocortex and hippocampus and, therefore, essential for sleep consolidation, and cognition in general. However, how such co-ripples are synchronized is unknown. We tested if cortico-cortical and hippocampal-cortical ripple co-occurrences are due to the simultaneous direct propagation of thalamic ripples, and/or if they are coordinated by lower frequency thalamic waves. Using human intracranial recordings, we found that ripples are generated in the anterior and posterior thalamus during local spindles on the down-to-upstate transition in non-rapid eye movement sleep, with similar characteristics as cortical and hippocampal ripples. However, thalamic ripples only infrequently co-occur or phase-lock, with cortical and hippocampal ripples. In contrast, thalamo-cortical spindles and upstates were strongly coordinated with cortico-cortical and hippocampo-cortical co-rippling. Thus, while thalamic ripples may not directly drive multiple cortical or hippocampal sites at ripple frequency, thalamo-cortical spindles and upstates may provide the input necessary for spatially distributed co-rippling to integrate information in the cortex.

Significance StatementWidespread networks of [~]90 Hz oscillations, called "ripples," have recently been identified in humans and may help to bind information in the cortex and hippocampus for memory. However, it is not known whether the thalamus generates ripples, and if so whether they, or other thalamic waves, coordinate networks of co-occurring cortical and hippocampal ripples. Here, we show that the human thalamus generates [~]90 Hz ripples during NREM sleep. While thalamic ripples do not appear to directly synchronize ripple co-occurrence in the cortex and hippocampus, our data provide evidence that propagating thalamo-cortical spindles and upstates organize these networks. Thus, the thalamus projects slower frequency waves that modulate higher frequency hippocampo-cortical oscillatory networks for memory in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzhbinsky, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajfez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.507471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortico-cortical and hippocampo-cortical co-rippling are facilitated by thalamo-cortical spindles and upstates, but not by thalamic ripples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Eliminating Genes for a Two Component System Increases PHB Productivity in Cupriavidus basilensis 4G11 Under PHB Suppressing, Non-Stress Conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species of bacteria from the genus Cupriavidus are known, in part, for their ability to produce high amounts of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) making them attractive candidate bioplastic producers. The native production of PHB occurs during periods of metabolic stress, and the process regulating the initiation of PHB accumulation in these organisms is not fully understood. Screening an RB-TnSeq transposon library of Cupriavidus basilensis 4G11 allowed us to identify two genes of an apparent, uncharacterized two component system which, when omitted from the genome, are capable of increased PHB productivity in balanced, non-stress growth conditions. We observe average increases in PHB productivity of 56% and 41% relative to the wildtype parent strain, upon deleting each of two genes individually from the genome. The increased PHB phenotype disappears, however, in nitrogen-free unbalanced growth conditions suggesting the phenotype is specific to fast-growing, replete, non-stress growth. Bioproduction modeling suggests this phenotype could be due to a decreased reliance on metabolic stress induced by nitrogen limitation to initiate PHB production in the mutant strains. Such strains may allow for the use of single stage, continuous bioreactor systems, which are far simpler than PHB bioproduction schemes used previously. Bioproductivity modeling suggests that omitting this regulation in the cells may increase PHB productivity up to 24% relative to the wildtype organism when using single stage continuous systems. This work furthermore expands our understanding of the regulation of PHB accumulation in Cupriavidus, in particular the initiation of this process upon transition into unbalanced growth regimes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sander, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedline, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpless, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skerker, J. M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutschbauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arkin, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Eliminating Genes for a Two Component System Increases PHB Productivity in Cupriavidus basilensis 4G11 Under PHB Suppressing, Non-Stress Conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host specific sensing of coronaviruses and picornaviruses by the CARD8 inflammasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hosts have evolved diverse strategies to respond to microbial infections, including the detection of pathogen-encoded proteases by inflammasome-forming sensors such as NLRP1 and CARD8. Here, we find that the 3CL protease (3CLpro) encoded by diverse coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, cleaves a rapidly evolving region of human CARD8 and activates a robust inflammasome response. CARD8 is required for cell death and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further find that natural variation alters CARD8 sensing of 3CLpro, including 3CLpro-mediated antagonism rather than activation of megabat CARD8. Likewise, we find that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in humans reduces CARD8s ability to sense coronavirus 3CLpros, and instead enables sensing of 3C proteases (3Cpro) from select picornaviruses. Our findings demonstrate that CARD8 is a broad sensor of viral protease activities and suggests that CARD8 diversity contributes to inter- and intra-species variation in inflammasome-mediated viral sensing and immunopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsu, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokhale, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulsuptrakul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beierschmitt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcotte, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host specific sensing of coronaviruses and picornaviruses by the CARD8 inflammasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating comparative modeling and accelerated simulations reveals conformational and energetic basis of actomyosin force generation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.508219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle contraction is performed by arrays of contractile proteins in the sarcomere. Serious heart diseases, such as cardiomyopathy, can often be results of mutations in myosin and actin. Direct characterization of how small changes in the myosin-actin complex impact its force production remains challenging. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, although capable of studying protein structurefunction relationships, are limited owing to the slow timescale of the myosin cycle as well as a lack of various intermediate structures for the actomyosin complex. Here, employing comparative modeling and enhanced sampling MD simulations, we show how the human cardiac myosin generates force during the mechanochemical cycle. Initial conformational ensembles for different myosin-actin states are learned from multiple structural templates with Rosetta. This enables us to efficiently sample the energy landscape of the system using Gaussian accelerated MD. Key myosin loop residues, whose substitutions are related to cardiomyopathy, are identified to form stable or metastable interactions with the actin surface. We find that the actin-binding cleft closure is allosterically coupled to the myosin core transitions and ATP-hydrolysis product release from the active site. Furthermore, a gate between switch I and switch II is suggested to control phosphate release at the pre-powerstroke state. Our approach demonstrates the ability to link sequence and structural information to motor functions.

Significance StatementInteractions between myosin and actin are essential in producing various cellular forces. Targeting cardiac myosin, several small molecules have been developed to treat cardiomyopathy. A clear mechanistic picture for the allosteric control in the actomyosin complex can potentially facilitate drug design by uncovering functionally important intermediate states. Here, integrating Rosetta comparative modeling and accelerated molecular dynamics, we reveal how ATP-hydrolysis product release correlates with powerstroke and myosin tight binding to actin. The predicted metastable states and corresponding energetics complement available experimental data and provide insights into the timing of elementary mechanochemical events. Our method establishes a framework to characterize at an atomistic level how a molecular motor translocates along a filament.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regnier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.508219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating comparative modeling and accelerated simulations reveals conformational and energetic basis of actomyosin force generation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic effects of genetic variation in Kupffer cells enables discrimination of cell intrinsic and environment-dependent mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noncoding genetic variation is a major driver of phenotypic diversity but determining the underlying mechanisms and the cell types in which it acts remain challenging problems. Here, we investigate the impact of natural genetic variation provided by phenotypically diverse inbred strains of mice on gene expression and epigenetic landscapes of Kupffer cells. Analysis of gene expression in Kupffer cells and other liver cell types derived from C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ and A/J mice provided evidence for strain-specific differences in environmental factors influencing Kupffer cell phenotypes, including preferential Leptin signaling in BALB/cJ Kupffer cells. Systematic analysis of transcriptomic and epigenetic data from F1 hybrids of these mice, and transcriptomic data from strain-specific Kupffer cells engrafted into a common host enabled quantitative assessment of cis versus trans effects of genetic variation on gene expression and an estimate of cell autonomous versus non cell autonomous effects. Under homeostatic conditions, trans effects of genetic variation were dominant, with the majority of trans regulation being non cell autonomous. In contrast, strain specific responses to acutely administered LPS were primarily associated with genetic variation acting in cis to modify response elements for lineage determining and signal dependent transcription factors. Collectively, these findings reveal cell intrinsic and environmental effects of natural genetic variation on gene expression, demonstrate the use of enhancers as detectors of trans effects of genetic variation, and provide a new resource for understanding the impact of genetic variation on gene expression in Kupffer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bennett, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troutman, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickl, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasillas, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marlman, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosseini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.509046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic effects of genetic variation in Kupffer cells enables discrimination of cell intrinsic and environment-dependent mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.24.509349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of the Phage Lambda Viral Packaging Motor's Grip and DNA End-clamp Mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.24.509349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many dsDNA viruses utilize ATP-powered "terminase" motors to package their genomes into procapsid shells. Here we use a single-molecule DNA grip/slip assay with rapid solution exchange to probe effects of nucleotide binding/dissociation in phage lambda motors containing both the large (TerL) and small (TerS) terminase subunits. Both subunits are required for packaging in vivo, but for some viruses (e.g., phages T4, HK97) packaging can be measured in vitro with only the catalytic TerL subunit. TerS facilitates initiation of packaging in vivo, but it has remained unclear if it plays any role during translocation. Surprisingly we measure frequent DNA gripping and high motor-DNA friction even in the absence of nucleotide. Such behavior was not observed in phage T4 motors containing only TerL, for which motor-DNA interactions were measured to be much weaker and significant gripping and friction was only observed with nucleotide present. For the lambda TerL/TerS holoenzyme, binding of nucleotide (ATP analogs or ADP) further increases gripping and friction, indicating there are both nucleotide independent and dependent interactions. Our findings suggest that TerS plays an important role in motor processivity, and that ATP-independent DNA gripping explains pausing observed during lambda packaging. We propose TerS acts as a "sliding clamp" to limit back slipping when TerL loses grip. Additionally, we show that the lambda packaging complex has a "DNA end clamp" mechanism that prevents the viral genome from completely exiting the capsid once packaging has initiated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rawson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catalano, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.24.509349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of the Phage Lambda Viral Packaging Motor's Grip and DNA End-clamp Mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA recoding in cephalopods tailors microtubule motor protein function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA editing is a widespread epigenetic process that can alter the amino acid sequence of proteins, termed  recoding. In cephalopods, recoding occurs in most proteins and is hypothesized to be an adaptive strategy to generate phenotypic plasticity. However, how animals use RNA recoding dynamically is largely unexplored. Using microtubule motors as a model, we found that squid rapidly employ RNA recoding to enhance kinesin function in response to cold ocean temperature. We also identified tissue-specific recoded squid kinesin variants that displayed distinct motile properties. Finally, we showed that cephalopod recoding sites can guide the discovery of functional substitutions in non-cephalopod dynein and kinesin. Thus, RNA recoding is a dynamic mechanism that generates phenotypic plasticity in cephalopods and informs the functional characterization of conserved non-cephalopod proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rangan, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.25.509396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA recoding in cephalopods tailors microtubule motor protein function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructure of synaptic connectivity within sub-regions of the SCN revealed by genetically encoded EM tag and SBEM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus of the vertebrate brain is the central pacemaker regulating circadian rhythmicity throughout the body. The SCN receives photic information through melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGC) to synchronize the body with environmental light cycles. Determining how these inputs fit into the network of synaptic connections on and between SCN neurons is key to impelling our understanding of the regulation of the circadian clock by light and unraveling the relevant local circuits within the SCN. To map these connections, we used a newly-developed Cre-dependant electron microscopy reporter, APEX2, to label mitochondria of mRGC axons, and serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to resolve the fine structure of mRGC in 3D volumes of the SCN. The maps thus created provide a first draft of the patterns of connectomic organization of SCN in the core and the shell, composed of different neuronal subtypes, and here shown to differ with regard to the patterning of their mRGC input as the shell receives denser mRGCs synaptic inputs compared to the core. This challenges the presently held view that photic information coming directly from the retina is mainly integrated by the core region of the SCN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calligaro, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoghi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khov, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finander, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructure of synaptic connectivity within sub-regions of the SCN revealed by genetically encoded EM tag and SBEM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 to Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the molecular basis of innate immune evasion by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important consideration for designing the next wave of therapeutics. Here, we investigate the role of the nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) of SARS-CoV-2 in infection and pathogenesis. NSP16, a ribonucleoside 2-O methyltransferase (MTase), catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to mRNA as part of the capping process. Based on observations with other CoVs, we hypothesized that NSP16 2-O MTase function protects SARS-CoV-2 from cap-sensing host restriction. Therefore, we engineered SARS-CoV-2 with a mutation that disrupts a conserved residue in the active site of NSP16. We subsequently show that this mutant is attenuated both in vitro and in vivo, using a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, we confirm that the NSP16 mutant is more sensitive to type I interferon (IFN-I) in vitro. Furthermore, silencing IFIT1 or IFIT3, IFN-stimulated genes that sense a lack of 2-O methylation, partially restores fitness to the NSP16 mutant. Finally, we demonstrate that sinefungin, a methyltransferase inhibitor that binds the catalytic site of NSP16, sensitizes wild-type SARS-CoV-2 to IFN-I treatment. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 in evading host innate immunity and suggest a possible target for future antiviral therapies.

ImportanceSimilar to other coronaviruses, disruption of SARS-CoV-2 NSP16 function attenuates viral replication in a type I interferon-dependent manner. In vivo, our results show reduced disease and viral replication at late times in the hamster lung, but an earlier titer deficit for the NSP16 mutant (dNSP16) in the upper airway. In addition, our results confirm a role for IFIT1, but also demonstrate the necessity of IFIT3 in mediating dNSP16 attenuation. Finally, we show that targeting NSP16 activity with a 2-O methyltransferase inhibitor in combination with type I interferon offers a novel avenue for antiviral development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schindewolf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lokugamage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalveram, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crocquet-Valdes, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotcheff, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaworski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debbink, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Routh, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menachery, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Uses Nonstructural Protein 16 to Evade Restriction by IFIT1 and IFIT3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.508454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A di-arginine additive for dissociation of gold nanoparticle aggregates: A matrix-insensitive approach with applications in protease detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.508454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the reversible aggregation of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) assemblies via a diarginine peptide additive and thiolated PEGs (HS-PEGs). The AuNPs were first aggregated by attractive forces between the citrate-capped surface and the arginine side chains. We found that HS-PEG thiol group has higher affinity for the AuNPs surface, thus leading to redispersion and colloidal stability. In turn, there was a robust and obvious color change due to on/off plasmonic coupling. The assemblies dissociation was directly related to the HS-PEG structural properties such as their size or charge. As an example, HS-PEGs with a molecular weight below 1 kDa could dissociate 100% of the assemblies and restore the exact optical properties of the initial AuNPs suspension (prior to the assembly). Surprisingly, the dissociation capacity of HS-PEGs was not affected by the composition of the operating medium and could be performed in complex matrices such as plasma, saliva, bile, urine, cell lysates or even sea water. The high affinity of thiols for the gold surface encompasses by far the one of endogenous molecules and is thus favorized. Moreover, starting with AuNPs already aggregated ensured the absence of background signal as the dissociation of the assemblies was far from spontaneous. Remarkably, it was possible to dry the AuNPs assemblies and to solubilize them back with HS-PEGs, improving the colorimetric signal generation. We used this system for protease sensing in biological fluid. Trypsin was chosen as model enzyme and highly positively charged peptides were conjugated to HS-PEG molecules as cleavage substrate. The increase of positive charge of the HS-PEG-peptide conjugate quenched the dissociation capacity of the HS-PEG molecules which could only be restored by the proteolytic cleavage. Picomolar limit of detection was obtained as well as the detection in saliva or urine.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Retout, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantri, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jokerst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.508454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A di-arginine additive for dissociation of gold nanoparticle aggregates: A matrix-insensitive approach with applications in protease detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical Metabolic Imaging Uncovers Sex- and Diet-dependent Lipid Changes in Aging Drosophila Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is associated with progressive declines in physiological integrity and functions alongside increases in vulnerability to develop a number of diseases. The brain regulates sensory and motor functions as well as endocrine functions, and age-associated changes in brain are likely prerequisite for the organismal aging. Lipid metabolism has been associated with brain aging, which could be easily intervened by diets and lifestyles. However, the underlying mechanism through which brain lipid metabolism is regulated by diet during aging is elusive. Using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging combined with deuterium water (D2O) labeling, we visualized that lipid metabolic activities were changed by diet manipulation in aging Drosophila brain. Furthermore, we illuminated that insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) pathway mediates the transformation of brain lipid metabolic changes in both an aging- and a diet-dependent manner. The lipid droplets (LDs) in the brain gradually became inert in both activities of lipid synthesis and mobilization with aging. High sugar diets enhanced the metabolic activity through promoting lipogenesis while dietary restriction increased the metabolic activity in both lipogenesis and lipolysis in brain LDs. However, these effects were impaired in both chico1/+ and dfoxo Drosophila mutants. We also observed that old chico1/+ brains maintained high metabolic activities, whilst the aged dfoxo brains acted exactly the opposite. More interestingly, the sexual dimorphism in brain lipid metabolism was impaired under diet regulation in both chico1/+ and dfoxo mutants. Locally reduced IIS activity in glial cells can mimic the systemic changes in systematic IIS mutants to maintain lipogenesis and lipolysis in aged brains, providing mechanistic insight into the anti-aging effects of IIS pathway. Our results highlight the manipulation of glia-specific IIS activity as a promising strategy in anti-aging treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.01.510416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical Metabolic Imaging Uncovers Sex- and Diet-dependent Lipid Changes in Aging Drosophila Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.02.510568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vascular tortuosity quantification as an outcome metric of the oxygen-induced retinopathy model of ischemic retinopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.02.510568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model is one of the most widely used animal models of ischemic retinopathy, mimicking hallmark pathophysiology of initial vaso-obliteration (VO) resulting in ischemia that drives neovascularization (NV). In addition to NV and VO, human ischemic retinopathies including Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) are characterized by increased vascular tortuosity. Vascular tortuosity is an indicator of disease severity, need to treat, and treatment response in ROP. Current literature investigating novel therapeutics in the OIR model report their effects on NV and VO, but no standardized quantification of vascular tortuosity exists to date despite this metrics relevance to human disease in clinics. The current proof-of-concept study applied a computer-based image analysis algorithm capable of calculating standardized measurements of vascular tortuosity. Quantification of vascular tortuosity correlated with disease activity in OIR analogously to that observed in infants with ROP. Treatment of OIR mice with anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (aflibercept) rescued vascular tortuosity in the model. Altogether, these data demonstrated that vascular tortuosity is a quantifiable feature of the OIR model and may be used as an outcome measurement in future studies investigating new treatment modalities for retinal ischemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marra, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robles-Holmes, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideguchi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prenner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdogmus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedlander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudleman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.02.510568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vascular tortuosity quantification as an outcome metric of the oxygen-induced retinopathy model of ischemic retinopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Artificial Intelligence Guided Discovery of Gastric Cancer Continuum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDetailed understanding of pre, early and late neoplastic states in gastric cancer helps develop better models of risk of progression to Gastric Cancers (GCs) and medical treatment to intercept such progression.

MethodsWe built a Boolean Implication network of gastric cancer and deployed machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models of known pre-neoplastic states, e.g., atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and low-to high-grade intestinal neoplasia (L/HGIN), and GC. Our approach exploits the presence of asymmetric Boolean Implication relationships that are likely to be invariant across almost all gastric cancer datasets. Invariant asymmetric Boolean Implication relationships can decipher fundamental time series underlying the biological data. Pursuing this method, we developed a healthy mucosa [-&gt;]GC continuum model based on this approach.

ResultsOur model performed better against publicly available models for distinguishing healthy versus GC samples. Although not trained on IM and L/HGIN datasets, the model could identify the risk of progression to GC via the metaplasia [-&gt;]dysplasia [-&gt;]neoplasia cascade in patient samples. The model could rank all publicly available mouse models for their ability to best recapitulate the gene expression patterns during human GC initiation and progression.

ConclusionsA Boolean implication network enabled the identification of hitherto undefined continuum states during GC initiation. The developed model could now serve as a starting point for rationalizing candidate therapeutic targets to intercept GC progression.

MINI-ABSTRACTWe developed predictive models of early and late neoplastic states in gastric cancer and identified gene clusters that are up/down-regulated at various points along the gastric cancer disease continuum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence Guided Discovery of Gastric Cancer Continuum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expectation-Maximization enables Phylogenetic Dating under a Categorical Rate Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dating phylogenetic trees to obtain branch lengths in time unit is essential for many downstream applications but has remained challenging. Dating requires inferring substitution rates that can change across the tree. While we can assume to have information about a small subset of nodes from the fossil record or sampling times (for fast-evolving organisms), inferring the ages of the other nodes essentially requires extrapolation and interpolation. Assuming a clock model that defines a distribution over rates, we can formulate dating as a constrained maximum likelihood (ML) estimation problem. While ML dating methods exist, their accuracy degrades in the face of model misspecification where the assumed parametric statistical clock model vastly differs from the true distribution. Notably, existing methods tend to assume rigid, often unimodal rate distributions. A second challenge is that the likelihood function involves an integral over the continuous domain of the rates and often leads to difficult non-convex optimization problems. To tackle these two challenges, we propose a new method called Molecular Dating using Categorical-models (MD-Cat). MD-Cat uses a categorical model of rates inspired by non-parametric statistics and can approximate a large family of models by discretizing the rate distribution into k categories. Under this model, we can use the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to co-estimate rate categories and branch lengths time units. Our model has fewer assumptions about the true clock model than parametric models such as Gamma or LogNormal distribution. Our results on two simulated and real datasets of Angiosperms and HIV and a wide selection of rate distributions show that MD-Cat is often more accurate than the alternatives, especially on datasets with nonmodal or multimodal clock models.

Code availabilityThe MD-Cat software is available at https://github.com/uym2/MD-Cat.

Data availabilityData are available on Github https://github.com/uym2/MD-Cat-paper and Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk0p2ngs0.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mai, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charvel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.06.511147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expectation-Maximization enables Phylogenetic Dating under a Categorical Rate Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PLK-1 tethered on BUB-1 directs CDC-20 kinetochore recruitment to ensure timelyembryonic mitoses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During mitosis chromosomes assemble kinetochores in order to dynamically couple with spindle microtubules (Cheeseman, 2014; Musacchio & Desai, 2017). Kinetochores also function as signaling hubs directing mitotic progression by recruiting and controlling the fate of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) activator CDC-20 (Lara-Gonzalez et al., 2017; Lara-Gonzalez, Pines, et al., 2021; Musacchio, 2015). Kinetochores either incorporate CDC-20 into checkpoint complexes that inhibit the APC/C or dephosphorylate CDC-20, which allows it to interact with and activate the APC/C (Kim et al., 2017; Lara-Gonzalez et al., 2017). The importance of these two CDC-20 fates likely depends on biological context. In somatic cells the major mechanism controlling mitotic progression is the spindle checkpoint. By contrast, progression through mitosis during the cell cycles of early embryos is largely checkpoint-independent (Clute & Masui, 1995; Duro & Nilsson, 2021; Gerhart et al., 1984; Zhang et al., 2015). Here, by manipulating CDC-20 phosphorylation status, we show that CDC-20 phosphoregulation controls mitotic duration in the C. elegans embryo and defines a checkpoint-independent temporal mitotic optimum for robust embryogenesis. Flux of CDC-20 through kinetochores for local dephosphorylation requires an ABBA motif on BUB-1 that directly interfaces with the structured WD40 domain of CDC-20 (Di Fiore et al., 2015; Diaz-Martinez et al., 2015; He et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2017). We show that a conserved "STP" motif in BUB-1 that docks the mitotic kinase PLK-1 (Qi et al., 2006) is also necessary to recruit CDC-20 to kinetochores and for timely mitotic progression. The kinase activity of PLK-1 is required for CDC-20 to localize to kinetochores and targets a site within the CDC-20-binding ABBA motif of BUB-1; phosphorylation of this site promotes BUB-1-CDC-20 interaction and mitotic progression. Thus, the BUB-1-bound pool of PLK-1 ensures timely mitosis during embryonic cell cycles by promoting CDC-20 recruitment to the vicinity of kinetochore-localized phosphatase activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Houston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Cavazos, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PLK-1 tethered on BUB-1 directs CDC-20 kinetochore recruitment to ensure timelyembryonic mitoses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenomic and chromosomal architectural reconfiguration in developing human frontal cortex and hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human frontal cortex and hippocampus play critical roles in learning and cognition. We investigated the epigenomic and 3D chromatin conformational reorganization during the development of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, using more than 53,000 joint single-nucleus profiles of chromatin conformation and DNA methylation (sn-m3C-seq). The remodeling of DNA methylation predominantly occurs during late-gestational to early-infant development and is temporally separated from chromatin conformation dynamics. Neurons have a unique Domain-Dominant chromatin conformation that is different from the Compartment-Dominant conformation of glial cells and non-brain tissues. We reconstructed the regulatory programs of cell-type differentiation and found putatively causal common variants for schizophrenia strongly overlap with chromatin loop-connected, cell-type-specific regulatory regions. Our data demonstrate that single-cell 3D-regulome is an effective approach for dissecting neuropsychiatric risk loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heffel, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pastor Alonso, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abuhanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haeussler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziffra, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasaniuc, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenomic and chromosomal architectural reconfiguration in developing human frontal cortex and hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.08.511426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of human cytoplasmic dynein in complex with the lissencephaly 1 protein, LIS1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.08.511426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lissencephaly 1 protein, LIS1, is mutated in type-1 lissencephaly and is a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein-1. At a molecular level, current models propose that LIS1 activates dynein by relieving its autoinhibited form. We recently reported a 3.1[A] structure of yeast dynein bound to Pac1, the yeast homologue of LIS1, which revealed the details of their interactions (Gillies et al., 2022). Based on this structure, we made mutations that disrupted these interactions and showed that they were required for dyneins function in vivo in yeast. We also used our yeast dynein-Pac1 structure to design mutations in human dynein to probe the role of LIS1 in promoting the assembly of active dynein complexes. These mutations had relatively mild effects on dynein activation, suggesting that there may be differences in how dynein and Pac1/LIS1 interact between yeast and humans. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of human dynein-LIS1 complexes. Our new structures reveal the differences between the yeast and human systems and provide a blueprint to disrupt the human dynein-LIS1 interaction more accurately. Our new structures also allow us to map type-1 lissencephaly disease mutations, as well as mutations in dynein linked to malformations of cortical development/ intellectual disability, in the context of the human dynein-LIS1 complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSantis, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.08.511426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of human cytoplasmic dynein in complex with the lissencephaly 1 protein, LIS1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.09.511391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRB3 augments IL1β-TLR4 signaling by engaging Flightless-homolog 1. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.09.511391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling via IL1{beta} and TLR4 receptors (IL1R-TLR4) plays a crucial role in cytokine and fatty acid-induced beta cell inflammation, in type 1 and type 2 diabetes respectively. IL1R-TLR4 share signaling mechanisms via a common, cytoplasmic, toll-like-receptor domain to activate proinflammatory JNK and IKK kinases. We have previously reported that in response to IL1{beta}, pancreatic islets isolated from TRB3 knockout (TRB3KO) mice show attenuated kinetics of activation for MAP3K MLK3, and JNK stress kinases. Here we report that similar to MLK3 and JNK, TRB3KO islets also show a decrease in amplitude and duration of IL1{beta}/LPS-stimulated TAK1 and IKK phosphorylation. Thus, loss of TRB3 attenuates both pathways critically required for a full-blown, cytokine-inducible, proapoptotic response in beta cells. TRB3KO islets display a sharp decrease in cytokine-induced beta cell death, accompanied by a decrease in select downstream NFkB targets, most notably, inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS/NOS2), a well-characterized mediator of beta cell dysfunction and death. In order to better understand the molecular basis of TRB3-enhanced IL1R-TLR4 signaling, we interrogated the TRB3 interactome and identified Flightless-homolog 1 (Fli1), an immunomodulatory, actin-binding, leucine-rich-repeat protein, as a novel TRB3-interaction factor. TRB3 binds and disrupts Fli1-dependent sequestration of MyD88, thereby increasing availability of this proximal adaptor to participate in IL1R-TLR4 signaling. Fli1 forms a multiprotein complex that can disconnect IL1R-TLR4 from MyD88, resulting in a brake on assembly of downstream signaling complexes. By interacting with Fli1, TRB3 lifts the brake on IL1R-TLR4 signaling to augment the proinflammatory response in beta cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonuguntla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorantla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jhala, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.09.511391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRB3 augments IL1β-TLR4 signaling by engaging Flightless-homolog 1.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.09.511482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MS2Prop: A machine learning model that directly predicts chemical properties from mass spectrometry data for novel compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.09.511482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental analytical tool for the study of complex molecular mixtures and in natural products drug discovery and metabolomics specifically, due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. A major challenge, however, is the lack of structurally annotated mass spectra for these applications. This deficiency is particularly acute for analyses conducted on extracts or fractions that are largely chemically undefined. This work describes the use of mass spectral data in a fundamentally different manner than structure determination; to predict properties or activities of structurally unknown compounds without the need for defined or deduced chemical structure using a machine learning (ML) model, MS2Prop. The models predictive accuracy and scalability is benchmarked against commonly used methods and its performance demonstrated in a natural products drug discovery setting. A new cheminformatic subdiscipline, quantitative spectra-activity relationships (QSpAR), using spectra rather than chemical structure as input, is proposed to describe this approach and to distinguish it from structure based quantitative methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voronov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frandsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Healey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lightheart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kind, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colluru, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.09.511482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MS2Prop: A machine learning model that directly predicts chemical properties from mass spectrometry data for novel compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lis1 relieves cytoplasmic dynein-1 auto-inhibition by acting as a molecular wedge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 transports many intracellular cargos towards microtubule minus ends. Dynein is autoinhibited and undergoes conformational changes to form an active complex, consisting of one or two dynein dimers, the dynactin complex and activating adaptor(s)1,2. The Lissencephaly 1 gene, LIS1, is genetically linked to the dynein pathway from fungi to mammals and is mutated in patients with the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly3-5. Lis1 is required for active dynein complexes to form6-10, but how it does so is unclear. Here, we present a structure of two dynein motor domains with two Lis1 dimers wedged in-between. The contact sites between dynein and Lis1 in this structure, termed "Chi", are required for Lis1s regulation of dynein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo and the formation of active human dynein-dynactin- activating adaptor complexes in vitro. We propose that this structure represents an intermediate in dyneins activation pathway, revealing how Lis1 relieves dyneins autoinhibited state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karasmanis, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendrick, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.10.511666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lis1 relieves cytoplasmic dynein-1 auto-inhibition by acting as a molecular wedge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host and Water Microbiota are Differentially Linked to Potential Human Pathogen Accumulation in Oysters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oysters play an important role in coastal ecology and are a globally popular seafood source. However, their filter feeding lifestyle enables coastal pathogens, toxins, and pollutants to accumulate in their tissues, potentially endangering human health. For example, bacterial pathogens from both marine and terrestrial sources concentrate in oysters and can cause human illness when oysters are consumed raw. While pathogen concentrations in coastal waters are often linked to environmental conditions and runoff events, these do not always correlate with pathogen concentrations in oysters. Additional factors related to oyster hosts and the microbial ecology of pathogenic bacteria likely play a role in accumulation but are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether microbial communities in water and oysters were linked to accumulation of fecal indicators, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Site-specific environmental conditions significantly influenced the composition and diversity of water microbial communities, which were linked to the highest concentrations of both Vibrio spp. and fecal indicator bacteria. Oyster microbial communities, however, were less impacted by environmental variability and exhibited less variability in microbial community diversity and accumulation of target bacteria. Instead, changes in specific microbial taxa in oyster and water samples, particularly in oyster digestive glands, were linked to elevated potential pathogens in oysters, especially V. parahaemolyticus. This included an increase in cyanobacteria in both water and oyster digestive gland microbial communities, which could represent an environmental vector for Vibrio spp. transport and decreased relative abundance of Mycoplasma and other key members of the oyster digestive gland microbiota. These findings suggest that host and microbial factors, in addition to environmental variables, may influence pathogen accumulation in oysters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diner, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer-Faust, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooksey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodera, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunselman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garodia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host and Water Microbiota are Differentially Linked to Potential Human Pathogen Accumulation in Oysters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endosomal removal and disposal of dysfunctional, immunostimulatory mitochondrial DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, but is also a major damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that engages innate immune sensors when released into the cytoplasm, outside of cells or into circulation1. This function of mtDNA contributes to antiviral resistance, but unfortunately also causes pathogenic inflammation in many disease contexts2. Cells experiencing mtDNA stress due to depletion of the mtDNA-packaging protein, Transcription Factor A, Mitochondrial (TFAM), or HSV-1 infection exhibit elongated mitochondria, mtDNA depletion, enlargement of nucleoids (mtDNA-protein complexes), and activation of cGAS/STING innate immune signaling via mtDNA released into the cytoplasm3. However, the relationships between altered mitochondrial dynamics and mtDNA-mediated activation of the cGAS-STING pathway remain unclear. Here, we show that entire enlarged nucleoids are released from mitochondria that remain bound to TFAM and colocalize with cGAS. These nucleoids arise at sites of mtDNA replication due to a block in mitochondrial fission at a stage when endoplasmic reticulum (ER) actin polymerization would normally commence, which we propose is a fission checkpoint to ensure that mtDNA has completed replication and is competent for segregation into daughter mitochondria. Released nucleoids also colocalize with the early endosomal marker RAB5 as well as the late endosomal marker RAB7 in TFAM-deficient cells and in response to mtDNA stress caused by the HSV-1 UL12.5 protein. Loss of RAB7 increases interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression. Thus, we propose that defects in mtDNA replication and/or segregation enact a late mitochondrial fission checkpoint that, if persistent, leads to selective removal of dysfunctional nucleoids by a mitochondrial-endosomal pathway. Early steps in this pathway are prone to mtDNA release and cGAS-STING activation, but the immunostimulatory mtDNA is ultimately disposed of through a mechanism involving RAB7-containing late endosomes to prevent excessive innate immune signaling. This mtDNA quality control pathway might represent a therapeutic target to prevent mtDNA-mediated inflammation and associated pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Newman, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadepalle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiavon, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemersal, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Towers, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadel, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.12.511955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endosomal removal and disposal of dysfunctional, immunostimulatory mitochondrial DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smaller total and subregional cerebellar volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder: a mega-analysis by the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.512111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe cerebellum critically contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions such fear learning and memory. Prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant and has neglected neuroanatomical subdivisions of the cerebellum that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions.

MethodsWe quantified cerebellar lobule volumes using structural magnetic resonance imaging in 4,215 adults (PTSD n= 1640; Control n=2575) across 40 sites from the from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group. Using a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation, we obtained volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum total and subregional volume in PTSD compared to healthy controls. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to control the false discovery rate (p-FDR < .05).

ResultsPTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume. In addition, people with PTSD showed reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), but also the vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and cerebellar white matter (all p-FDR < 0.05). Effects of PTSD on volume were consistent, and generally more robust, when examining symptom severity rather than diagnostic status.

ConclusionsThese findings implicate regionally specific cerebellar volumetric differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The cerebellum appears to play an important role in high-order cognitive and emotional processes, far beyond its historical association with vestibulomotor function. Further examination of the cerebellum in trauma-related psychopathology will help to clarify how cerebellar structure and function may disrupt cognitive and affective processes at the center of translational models for PTSD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huggins, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laskowitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seedat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>du Plessis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmahl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herz</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.512111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smaller total and subregional cerebellar volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder: a mega-analysis by the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine-guided cell-fate engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has enabled scientists to explore the derivation of many types of cells. While there are diverse general approaches for cell-fate engineering, one of the fastest and most efficient approaches is transcription factor (TF) over-expression. However, finding the right combination of TFs to over-express to differentiate iPSCs directly into other cell-types is a difficult task. Here were describe a machine-learning (ML) pipeline, called CellCartographer, for using chromatin accessibility data to design multiplex TF pooled-screens for cell type conversions. We validate this method by differentiating iPSCs into twelve diverse cell types at low efficiency in preliminary screens and then iteratively refining our TF combinations to achieve high efficiency differentiation for six of these cell types in < 6 days. Finally, we functionally characterized engineered iPSC-derived cytotoxic T-cells (iCytoT), regulatory T-cells (iTReg), type II astrocytes (iAstII), and hepatocytes (iHep) to validate functionally accurate differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Appleton, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.512279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine-guided cell-fate engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fast-killing tyrosine amide ((S)-SW228703) with blood and liver-stage antimalarial activity associated with the Cyclic Amine Resistance Locus (PfCARL) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current malaria treatments are threatened by drug resistance and new drugs are urgently needed. In a phenotypic screen for new antimalarials, we identified (S)-SW228703 ((S)-SW703), a tyrosine amide with asexual blood and liver stage activity and a fast-killing profile. Resistance to (S)-SW703 is associated with mutations in Plasmodium falciparum cyclic amine resistance locus (PfCARL) and P. falciparum acetyl CoA transporter (PfACT), similarly to several other compounds that share features such as fast activity and liver-stage activity. Compounds with these resistance mechanisms are thought to act in the ER, though their target(s) are unknown. The tyramine of (S)-SW703 is shared with some reported PfCARL-associated compounds; however, we observed that strict S-stereochemistry was required for activity of (S)-SW703, suggesting differences in mechanism of action or binding mode. (S)-SW703 provides a new chemical series with broad activity on multiple life-cycle stages and a fast-killing mechanism of action, available for lead optimization to generate new treatments for malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Imlay, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawong, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahalawat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittlin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchyard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niederstrasser, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Fernandez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamo, F.-J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laleu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ready, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.16.512381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fast-killing tyrosine amide ((S)-SW228703) with blood and liver-stage antimalarial activity associated with the Cyclic Amine Resistance Locus (PfCARL)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Computational Model for Storing Memories in the Synaptic Structures of the Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is widely accepted as a mechanism through which the brain can learn information from different stimuli(1, 2). Basing synaptic changes on the timing between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes enhances contributing edges within a network(3, 4). While STDP rules control the evolution of networks, most research focuses on spiking rates or specific activation paths when evaluating learned information(5-7). However, since STDP augments structural weights, synapses may also contain embedded information. While imaging studies demonstrate physical changes to synapses due to STDP, these changes have not been interrogated based on their embedding capacity of a stimulus(8-12). Here, we show that networks with biological features and STDP rules can embed information on their stimulus into their synaptic weights. We use a k-nearest neighbor algorithm on the synaptic weights of thousands of independent networks to identify their stimulus with high accuracy based on local neighborhoods, demonstrating that the network structure can store stimulus information. While spike rates and timings remain useful, structural embed-dings represent a new way to integrate information within a biological network. Our results demonstrate that there may be value in observing these changes directly. Beyond computational applications for monitoring these structural changes, this analysis may also inform investigation into neuroscience. Research is underway on the potential of astrocytes to integrate synapses in the brain and communicate that information elsewhere(13-15). In addition, observations of these synaptic embeddings may lead to novel therapies for memory disorders that are difficult to explain with current paradigms, such as transient epileptic amnesia.

Significance StatementLearning in the brain is often achieved via spike-timing dependent plasticity changing the structure of synapses to augment the strength between neurons. Typically, these changes contribute to other behaviors in the network, such as spiking rates or spike timings. However, observing these changes themselves may be fruitful for interrogating the learning capability of networks in the brain. Using a computational model, we demonstrate that the synaptic weights contain an embedding of the stimulus after a certain amount of recurrent activity occurs. It is possible that networks in the brain embed information in a similar way and that external readers, such as astrocytes, can interrogate, integrate, and transport this synaptic weight information to process stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>George, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morar, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Computational Model for Storing Memories in the Synaptic Structures of the Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ViReaDB: A user-friendly database for compactly storing viral sequence data and rapidly computing consensus genome sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.21.513318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationIn viral molecular epidemiology, reconstruction of consensus genomes from sequence data is critical for tracking mutations and variants of concern. However, storage of the raw sequence data can become prohibitively large, and computing consensus genome from sequence data can be slow and requires bioinformatics expertise.

ResultsViReaDB is a user-friendly database system for compactly storing viral sequence data and rapidly computing consensus genome sequences. From a dataset of 1 million trimmed mapped SARS-CoV-2 reads, it is able to compute the base counts and the consensus genome in 16 minutes, store the reads alongside the base counts and consensus in 50 MB, and optionally store just the base counts and consensus (without the reads) in 300 KB.

AvailabilityViReaDB is freely available on PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/vireadb) and on GitHub (https://github.com/niemasd/ViReaDB) as an open-source Python software project.

Contactniema@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.21.513318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ViReaDB: A user-friendly database for compactly storing viral sequence data and rapidly computing consensus genome sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localized APP pathology in the hippocampus is sufficient to result in progressive disorganization of the timing of neuronal firing patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deficits in spatial navigation are among the early symptoms in Alzheimers disease patients, consistent with the hippocampal formation as the site for spatial computations and disease onset. Although the correspondence between the early symptoms and brain regions that are affected early in the disease has been recognized, it is not clear whether progressive cognitive decline is solely caused by a spreading pathology or whether a focal pathology can by itself cause aberrant neuronal activity in a larger network. These possibilities cannot be distinguished in standard disease models which broadly express APP across brain regions. We therefore generated a mouse model in which the expression of mutant human APP was limited to hippocampal CA3 cells (CA3-APP mice). We first asked whether the limited pathology in CA3 can result in memory deficits and found impaired performance of CA3-APP mice in a hippocampus-dependent memory task. By then recording in the CA1 region, we asked to what extent neuronal activity patterns emerged in a brain region which received projections from APP-expressing CA3 cells, but did itself not show any primary pathology. While the spatial firing patterns of CA1 cells were preserved, we observed a reduced theta oscillation frequency in the local field potential and in a subpopulation of principal cells in CA1. Furthermore, CA1 interneurons showed decreased theta oscillation frequencies, and this effect was even more pronounced in CA3 interneurons, which also do not directly express APP. Pathology that is highly localized and limited to presynaptic cells is thus sufficient to cause aberrant firing patterns in postsynaptic neuronal networks, which indicates that disease progression is not only from a spreading molecular pathology but also mediated by progressive physiological dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Viana da Silva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberl, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledakis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localized APP pathology in the hippocampus is sufficient to result in progressive disorganization of the timing of neuronal firing patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Molecular Signatures Database Revisited: Extending Support for Mouse Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) serves as the primary repository of biological signature gene sets for performing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). In the more than 15 years since its creation, MSigDB has served over 290,000 users in their use of GSEA to perform statistically rigorous analysis of coordinated patterns of gene expression changes by leveraging the prior knowledge of tens of thousands of deposited signatures. In that time, the sets provided in MSigDB have been offered exclusively in the human gene space and only minimally supporting analysis of mouse model data through mapping to human genes. Here we present two substantial improvements to MSigDB: first, by providing gene sets from widely used resources in the mouse gene space; and second, by offering substantially improved orthology mapping resources for comparative analysis of both mouse and human datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castanza, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recla, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eby, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorvaldsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bult, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Molecular Signatures Database Revisited: Extending Support for Mouse Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EUGENe: A Python toolkit for predictive analyses of regulatory sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning (DL) has become a popular tool to study cis-regulatory element function. Yet efforts to design software for DL analyses in genomics that are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) have fallen short of fully meeting these criteria. Here we present EUGENe (Elucidating the Utility of Genomic Elements with Neural Nets), a FAIR toolkit for the analysis of labeled sets of nucleotide sequences with DL. EUGENe consists of a set of modules that empower users to execute the key functionality of a DL workflow: 1) extracting, transforming and loading sequence data from many common file formats, 2) instantiating, initializing and training diverse model architectures, and 3) evaluating and interpreting model behavior. We designed EUGENe to be simple; users can develop workflows on new or existing datasets with two customizable Python objects, annotated sequence data (SeqData) and PyTorch models (BaseModel). The modularity and simplicity of EUGENe also make it highly extensible and we illustrate these principles through application of the toolkit to three predictive modeling tasks. First, we train and compare a set of built-in models along with a custom architecture for the accurate prediction of activities of plant promoters from STARR-seq data. Next, we apply EUGENe to an RNA binding prediction task and showcase how seminal model architectures can be retrained in EUGENe or imported from Kipoi. Finally, we train models to classify transcription factor binding by wrapping functionality from Janngu, which can efficiently extract sequences in BED file format from the human genome. We emphasize that the code used in each use case is simple, readable, and well documented (https://eugene-tools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html). We believe that EUGENe represents a springboard toward a collaborative ecosystem for DL applications in genomics research. EUGENe is available for download on GitHub (https://github.com/cartercompbio/EUGENe) along with several introductory tutorials and for installation on PyPi (https://pypi.org/project/eugene-tools/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stites, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jores, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EUGENe: A Python toolkit for predictive analyses of regulatory sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LARP4 Is an RNA-Binding Protein That Binds Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial mRNAs To Promote Mitochondrial Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as key contributors to mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis. With few examples described, we set out to identify RBPs that regulate nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs (NEMmRNAs). Our systematic analysis of RNA-targets of 150 RBPs identified RBPs with a preference for binding NEMmRNAs, including LARP4, a La RBP family member. We show that LARP4s targets are particularly enriched in mRNAs that encode respiratory chain complex proteins (RCCPs) and mitochondrial ribosome proteins (MRPs) across multiple human cell lines. Quantitative proteomics of cells lacking LARP4 show that protein levels of RCCPs and MRPs are significantly reduced. Furthermore, we show that LARP4 depletion reduces mitochondrial function, and that this phenotype is rescued by LARP4 re-expression. Our findings shed light onto a novel function for LARP4 as an RBP that binds to NEMmRNAs to promote mitochondrial respiratory function.

HighlightsO_LIAnalysis of CLIP data reveals RBPs with a preference for mitochondrial mRNA targets
C_LIO_LILARP4s RNA-target set is enriched for OXPHOS and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins
C_LIO_LILoss of LARP4 reduces protein levels of these two groups of mitochondrial proteins
C_LIO_LILARP4 is required for normal proliferation, translation, and OXPHOS function
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LARP4 Is an RNA-Binding Protein That Binds Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial mRNAs To Promote Mitochondrial Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing differences in the regulation of LRRK2 dynamics and conformational states by small molecule kinase inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the human leucine rich repeat protein kinase-2 (LRRK2) create risk factors for Parkinsons Disease, and pathological functions of LRRK2 are often correlated with aberrant kinase activity. Past research has focused on developing selective LRRK2 kinase inhibitors. We showed previously that in addition to influencing intrinsic kinase activity, the global conformation of the LRRK2 protein plays a vital role in regulating LRRK2 signaling pathways. Deciphering the allosteric regulation in LRRK2 provides novel strategies for drug discovery. In this study, we combined enhanced sampling simulations with HDX-MS to analyze the inhibitor-induced dynamic changes and the allosteric communications in the C-terminal half of LRRK2, LRRK2RCKW. We find that a type I inhibitor (MLi-2) locks the kinase into a closed, active-like configuration, whereas a type II inhibitor (Rebastinib) shifts the kinase to an open, inactive configuration. While both type I and type II inhibitors reduce the kinase activity effectively, they have distinct effects on the LRRK2 conformational dynamics. Specifically, binding of MLi-2 stabilizes the kinase domain in a closed conformation and reduces the global dynamics of LRRK2RCKW, leading to a more compact LRRK2RCKW structure. In contrast, binding of Rebastinib stabilizes an open conformation where communication between the N- and C-lobe is severed, which promotes a more extended LRRK2RCKW structure. Rebastinib, based on HDX-MS, creates a more dynamic kinase domain especially at domain interfaces associated with the C-lobe. Our results also reveal the importance of the Dk-helix, which plays a crucial role in propagating communication between the kinase domain and the GTPase domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing differences in the regulation of LRRK2 dynamics and conformational states by small molecule kinase inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximity-dependent labeling identifies dendritic cells that prime the antitumor CD4+ T cell response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely capable of transporting tumoral antigens to tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs), and also interact with effector T cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) itself, mediating both natural antitumor immunity and the response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Using LIPSTIC (Labeling Immune Partnerships by SorTagging Intercellular Contacts)-based single-cell transcriptomics, we identify individual DCs capable of presenting antigen to CD4+ T cells in the tdLN as well as inside the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our findings reveal that DCs with similar hyperactivated transcriptional phenotypes interact with helper T cells both within tumors and in the tdLN, and that checkpoint blockade drugs enhance these interactions. These findings show that a relatively small fraction of DCs is responsible for most of the antigen presentation within the tdLN and TME to both CD4+ and CD8+ tumor-specific T cells and that classical checkpoint blockade enhances CD40-driven DC activation at both sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chudnovskiy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakandakari-Higa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sade-Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pae, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bortolatto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweitzer, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasqual, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victora, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximity-dependent labeling identifies dendritic cells that prime the antitumor CD4+ T cell response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Data Ecosystem: A User's Guide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing cellular diversity at different levels of biological organization across data modalities is a prerequisite to understanding the function of cell types in the brain. Classification of neurons is also required to manipulate cell types in controlled ways, and to understand their variation and vulnerability in brain disorders. The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN) is an integrated network of data generating centers, data archives and data standards developers, with the goal of systematic multimodal brain cell type profiling and characterization. Emphasis of the BICCN is on the whole mouse brain and demonstration of prototypes for human and non-human primate (NHP) brains. Here, we provide a guide to the cellular and spatial approaches employed, and to accessing and using the BICCN data and its extensive resources, including the BRAIN Cell Data Center (BCDC) which serves to manage and integrate data across the ecosystem. We illustrate the power of the BICCN data ecosystem through vignettes highlighting several BICCN analysis and visualization tools. Finally, we present emerging standards that have been developed or adopted by the BICCN toward FAIR (Wilkinson et al. 2016a) neuroscience. The combined BICCN ecosystem provides a comprehensive resource for the exploration and analysis of cell types in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BICCN Data Ecosytem Collaboration,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hof, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascoli, G. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjaalie, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertzano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynor, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osumi-Sutherland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ropelewski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S. Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilgner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wester, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aevermann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allemang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ament, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athey, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishwakarma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Data Ecosystem: A User's Guide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time of Sample Collection Critical for Microbiome Replicability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although many aspects of microbiome studies have been standardized to improve experimental replicability, none account for how the daily diurnal fluctuations in the gut lumen cause dynamic changes in 16S amplicon sequencing. Here we show that sample collection time affects the conclusions drawn from microbiome studies and are larger than the effect size of a daily experimental intervention or dietary changes. The timing of divergence of the microbiome composition between experimental and control groups are unique to each experiment. Sample collection times as short as only four hours apart lead to vastly different conclusions. Lack of consistency in the time of sample collection may explain poor cross-study replicability in microbiome research. Without looking at other data, the impact on other fields is unknown but potentially significant.

One-Sentence SummaryIf we are not controlling for host circadian rhythm time in microbiome studies when performing experiments, it is like trying to measure sea level rise while not knowing that tides or waves exist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allaband, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingaraju, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javaheri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiu, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, A. C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elijah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leone, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarrinpar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time of Sample Collection Critical for Microbiome Replicability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low Temperature and High Hydrostatic Pressure Have Compounding Negative Effects on Marine Microbial Motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Approximately three fourths of all pelagic marine prokaryotes live in the deep-sea, an environment characterized by low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure. Within deep-sea environments labile organic matter is often scarce and motility can serve as a competitive advantage for microorganisms. Experimental work with a handful of species suggests motility is one of the most temperature- and pressure-sensitive cellular processes, however the combined effects of temperature and pressure together have yet to be investigated in detail. Here we employed growth-dependent motility agar assays and growth-independent microscopy assays to assess how changes in these two physical factors impact motility both individually and in combination, using ecologically relevant model organisms from the cosmopolitan genera Halomonas, Alcanivorax, and Marinobacter. At pressures equivalent to bathyal and abyssal depths, changes in temperature from 30{degrees}C to 4{degrees}C (motility assays) or 23{degrees}C to 7{degrees}C (microscopy assays) had a greater influence on motility than pressure. In addition, low-temperature and high-pressure impacts were additive. Exposure to high pressure had varying degrees of effect on flagellar function, depending on the strain and the magnitude of the pressure. These ranged from short-term impacts that were quickly reversible to long-term impacts that were detrimental to the function of the flagellum, leading to complete loss of motility. These findings highlight the sensitivity of deep-sea bacterial motility systems to combined temperature/pressure conditions, phenotypes that will contribute to the modulation of diverse microbial activities at depth.

IMPORTANCEMicroorganisms perform critical functions in biogeochemical cycles at depth, as well as likely modulating the carbon sequestration potential of the deep ocean. However, their activities under in situ conditions are poorly constrained. One aspect of microbial activity is motility, generally mediated by the energy-consuming rotation of one or more flagellar filaments that enables swimming behavior. This provides a competitive advantage for microbes in the environment, such as by enhancing nutrient acquisition. Here we report on culture-based and microscopy-based analyses of pressure-temperature (P-T) effects on the motility of three ecologically relevant marine microbes. The results in all cases indicate that high pressure and low temperature exert compounding inhibitory effects. This argues for the need for further investigations into P-T effects on deep-sea microbial processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mullane, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishiyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurihara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low Temperature and High Hydrostatic Pressure Have Compounding Negative Effects on Marine Microbial Motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.512918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heritability estimation of cognitive phenotypes in the ABCD Study using mixed models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.512918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Twin and family studies have historically aimed to partition phenotypic variance into components corresponding to additive genetic effects (A), common environment (C), and unique environment (E). Here we present the ACE Model and several extensions in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study(R)), employed using the new Fast Efficient Mixed Effects Analysis (FEMA) package. In the twin sub-sample (n = 924; 462 twin pairs), heritability estimates were similar to those reported by prior studies for height (twin heritability = 0.86) and cognition (twin heritability between 0.00 and 0.61), respectively. Incorporating SNP-derived genetic relatedness and using the full ABCD Study(R) sample (n = 9,742) led to narrower confidence intervals for all parameter estimates. By leveraging the sparse clustering method used by FEMA to handle genetic relatedness only for participants within families, we were able to take advantage of the diverse distribution of genetic relatedness within the ABCD Study(R) sample.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.512918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heritability estimation of cognitive phenotypes in the ABCD Study using mixed models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alveolar epithelial type 1 cells serve as a cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma with distinct molecular and phenotypic presentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.29.514334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of cancer arising in the distal lung. LUAD encompasses several pathologic subtypes, each with differing clinical outcomes and biological behaviors. However, the molecular and cellular underpinnings of the different subtypes are largely unknown. Understanding which cell populations in the distal lung contribute to LUAD could provide insights into the marked heterogeneity in pathologic features, clinical presentation and responses to therapy of LUAD. Differential expression analysis of lung adenocarcinoma transcriptomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed distinct alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cell signatures within human LUAD with significantly different survival outcomes between tumors expressing AT2 and AT1 gene signatures, suggesting AT1 cells might contribute to a subset of LUAD cases. To address this, we tested the ability of AT1 cells to give rise to LUAD following induction of KrasG12D, a known oncogenic driver of human LUAD. Activation of KrasG12D in Gram-domain containing 2 (Gramd2)+ AT1 cells gave rise to multiple LUAD lesions, primarily of papillary histology. In contrast, activation of KrasG12D in surfactant protein C (Sftpc+) AT2 cells resulted in LUAD lesions of lepidic histology. Immunohistochemistry established that Gramd2:KrasG12D lesions were of primary lung origin and not metastatic events. Spatial transcriptomic profiling revealed distinct pathway alterations within Gramd2- and Sftpc-derived LUAD. Immunofluorescence confirmed differences observed in the spatial transcriptomic analysis in expression patterns and distribution of cell-specific markers depending on cell of origin, while universal upregulation of the Krt8 intermediate cell state marker was observed. Our results are consistent with Gramd2+ AT1 cells serving as a putative cell of origin for LUAD and suggest that LUAD may be a collection of adenocarcinomas that share a common location within the distal lung but arise from different cells of origin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flodby, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassiouni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jashashvilli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stueve, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, MD, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconett, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.29.514334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alveolar epithelial type 1 cells serve as a cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma with distinct molecular and phenotypic presentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the coordinated dynamics of protein- and metabolite-mediated cell-cell communication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.02.514917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryCell-cell communication dynamically changes across time while involving diverse cell populations and ligand types such as proteins and metabolites. While single-cell transcriptomics enables its inference, existing tools typically analyze ligand types separately and overlook their coordinated activity. Here, we present Tensor-cell2cell v2, a computational tool that can jointly analyze protein- and metabolite-mediated communication over time using coupled tensor component analysis, while preserving each modality of inferred communication scores independently, as well as their data structures and distributions. Applied to brain organoid development, Tensor-cell2cell v2 uncovers dynamic, coordinated communication programs involving key proteins and metabolites across relevant cell types across specific time points.

Availability and implementationTensor-cell2cell v2 and its new coupled tensor component analysis are implemented in Python and available as part of the cell2cell framework at https://github.com/earmingol/cell2cell. This python library is available on PyPI. Analyses of this manuscript can be reproduced in a Code Ocean capsule at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.0061424.v1 and online tutorials can be found at https://cell2cell.readthedocs.io.

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at bioRxiv online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cequeira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.02.514917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the coordinated dynamics of protein- and metabolite-mediated cell-cell communication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.514505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving annotation propagation on molecular networks through random walks: Introducing ChemWalker 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.514505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Annotation of the mass signals is still the biggest bottleneck for the untargeted mass spectrometry analysis of complex mixtures. Molecular networks are being increasingly adopted by the mass spectrometry community as a tool to annotate large scale experiments. We have previously shown that the process of propagating annotations from spectral library matches on molecular networks can be automated using Network Annotation Propagation (NAP). One of the limitations of NAP is that the information for the spectral matches is only propagated locally, to the first neighbor of a spectral match. Here we show that annotation propagation can be expanded to nodes not directly connected to spectral matches using random walks on graphs, introducing the ChemWalker python library. Similarly to NAP, ChemWalker relies on combinatorial in silico fragmentation results, performed by MetFrag, searching biologically relevant databases. Departing from the combination of a spectral network and the structural similarity among candidate structures, we have used MetFusion Scoring function to create a weight function, producing a weighted graph. This graph was subsequently used by the random walk to calculate the probability of  walking through a set of candidates, departing from seed nodes (represented by spectral library matches). This approach allowed the information propagation to nodes not directly connected to the spectral library match. Compared to NAP, ChemWalker has a series of improvements, on running time, scalability and maintainability and is available as a stand alone python package. ChemWalker is freely available at https://github.com/computational-chemical-biology/ChemWalker.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borelli, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arini, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feitosa, L. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.514505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving annotation propagation on molecular networks through random walks: Introducing ChemWalker]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methadone alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation in human cortical organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant women has become an epidemic in the United States. Pharmacological interventions for OUD involve methadone, a synthetic opioid analgesic that attenuates withdrawal symptoms and behaviors linked with maternal drug abuse. However, methadones ability to readily accumulate in neural tissue, and cause long-term neurocognitive sequelae, has led to concerns regarding its effect on prenatal brain development. We took advantage of human cortical organoid (hCO) technology to probe how this drug impacts the earliest mechanisms giving rise to the cerebral cortex. To this end, we conducted bulk mRNA sequencing of 2-month-old hCOs derived from two cell lines that were chronically treated with a clinically relevant dose of 1M methadone for 50 days. Differential expression and gene ontology analyses revealed a robust transcriptional response to methadone associated with functional components of the synapse, the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM), and cilia. Further unsupervised co-expression network and predictive protein-protein interaction analyses demonstrated that these changes occurred in concert, centered around a regulatory axis consisting of growth factors, developmental signaling pathways, and matricellular proteins. Our results demonstrate that exposure to methadone during early cortico-genesis fundamentally alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation, and that these changes arise by modulating extra-synaptic molecular mechanisms in the ECM and cilia. These findings provide novel insight into methadones putative effect on cognitive and behavioral development and a basis for improving interventions for maternal opioid addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methadone alters transcriptional programs associated with synapse formation in human cortical organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-body gene expression atlas of an adult metazoan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals are integrated organ systems composed of interacting cells whose structure and function are in turn defined by their active genes. Understanding what distinguishes physiological and disease states therefore requires systemic knowledge of the gene activities that define the distinct cells that make up an animal. Towards this goal, this study reports the first single-cell resolution transcriptional atlas of a fertile multicellular organism: Caenorhabditis elegans. The scRNA-Seq compendium of wild-type young adult C. elegans comprises 159 distinct cell types with 18,033 genes expressed across cell types. Fewer than 300 of these genes are housekeeping genes as evidenced by their consistent expression across cell types and conditions, and by their basic and essential functions; 170 of these housekeeping genes are conserved across phyla. The 362 transcription factors with available ChIP-Seq data are linked to patterns of gene expression of different cell types. To identify potential interactions between cell types, we used the in silico tool cell2cell to predict molecular patterns reflecting both known and uncharacterized intercellular interactions across the C. elegans body. Finally, we present WormSeq (wormseq.org), a web interface that, among other functions, enables users to query gene expression across cell types, identify cell-type specific and potential housekeeping genes, analyze candidate ligand-receptors mediating communication between cells, and study promiscuous and cell-specific transcription factors. The datasets, analyses, and tools presented here will enable the generation of testable hypotheses about the cell and organ-specific function of genes in diverse biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghaddar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gevirtzman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waterston, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.06.515345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-body gene expression atlas of an adult metazoan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biophysical modeling of actin-mediated structural plasticity reveals mechanical adaptation in dendritic spines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.06.515372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory formation; it describes the strengthening or weakening of connections between synapses. The postsynaptic part of excitatory synapses resides in dendritic spines, which are small protrusions on the dendrites. One of the key features of synaptic plasticity is its correlation with the size of these spines. A long-lasting synaptic strength increase (long-term potentiation, LTP) is only possible through the reconfiguration of the actin spine cytoskeleton. Here, we develop an experimentally-informed three-dimensional computational model in a moving boundary framework to investigate this reconfiguration. Our model describes the reactions between actin and actin-binding proteins (ABPs) leading to the cytoskeleton remodeling and their effect on the spine membrane shape to examine the spine enlargement upon LTP. Moreover, we find that the incorporation of perisynaptic elements enhances spine enlargement upon LTP, exhibiting the importance of accounting for these elements when studying structural LTP. Our model shows adaptation to repeated stimuli resulting from the interactions between spine proteins and mechanical forces.

Significance StatementDendritic spines are small protrusions that receive stimulation from presynaptic neurons. Upon stimulation, the dendritic spines change their size, an important feature of synaptic plasticity. This change is achieved by modifications to the actin cytoskeleton and mediated by many actin-binding proteins. To investigate the fundamental mechanics of spine expansion, we developed a 3D biophysical model that accounts for the dynamics of cytoskeleton-membrane interactions. Our simulations predict that spine expansion due to actin remodeling can be enhanced by including the interaction with perisynaptic elements that affect the spines mechanical properties. We also found that mechanical properties can control spine expansion after repeated stimuli, which ensures physiological size. Thus, we predict that spine growth is regulated by its mechanical properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.06.515372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biophysical modeling of actin-mediated structural plasticity reveals mechanical adaptation in dendritic spines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid iPSC inclusionopathy models shed light on formation, consequence and molecular subtype of alpha-synuclein inclusions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular inclusions accompanying neurodegeneration are histopathologically and ultrastructurally heterogeneous but the significance of this heterogeneity is unclear. iPSC models, while promising for disease modeling, do not form inclusions in a reasonable timeframe and suffer from limited tractability. Here, we developed an iPSC toolbox utilizing piggyBac-based or targeted transgenes to rapidly induce CNS cells with concomitant expression of aggregation-prone proteins. This system is amenable to screening and longitudinal tracking at single-cell and single-inclusion resolution. For proof-of-principle, cortical neuron -synuclein "inclusionopathy" models were engineered to form inclusions through exogenous seeding or -synuclein mutation. These models recapitulated known fibril- and lipid-rich inclusion subtypes, uncovering dynamic interactions between them, and refined the classification of inclusions in postmortem brain. Genetic-modifier and protein-interaction screens pinpointed proteins like RhoA whose sequestration into specific inclusion subtypes is likely to be toxic. This iPSC platform should enhance our understanding of proteinaceous pathologies in neurodegeneration and facilitate therapeutics development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lam, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndayisaba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagredo, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaccagnini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahdatshoar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morshed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichihashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oettgen-Suazo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartels, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schabinger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallacli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tea, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakozaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyles, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theunissen, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaenisch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindquist, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenning, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luk, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Pernaute, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Esteban, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahlberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ell</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.08.515615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid iPSC inclusionopathy models shed light on formation, consequence and molecular subtype of alpha-synuclein inclusions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.512793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schlafen 12 restricts HIV-1 latency reversal by a codon-usage dependent post-transcriptional block in CD4+ T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.512793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Latency is a major barrier towards virus elimination in HIV-1-infected individuals. Yet, the mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of HIV-1 latency are incompletely understood. Here we describe the Schlafen 12 protein (SLFN12) as an HIV-1 restriction factor that establishes a post-transcriptional block in HIV-1-infected cells and thereby inhibits HIV-1 replication and virus reactivation from latently infected cells. The inhibitory activity is dependent on the HIV-1 codon usage and on the SLFN12 RNase active sites. Within HIV-1- infected individuals, SLFN12 expression in PBMCs correlated with HIV-1 plasma viral loads and proviral loads suggesting a link with the general activation of the immune system. Using an RNA FISH-Flow HIV-1 reactivation assay, we demonstrate that SLFN12 expression is enriched in infected cells positive for HIV-1 transcripts but negative for HIV-1 proteins. Thus, codon-usage dependent translation inhibition of HIV-1 proteins participates in HIV-1 latency and can restrict the amount of virus release after latency reversal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi-Ishihara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smutna, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argilaguet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteve-Codina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genesca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grau-Exposito, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran-Castells, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogenmoser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böttcher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jungfleisch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliva, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamagishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Riol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brander, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyerhans, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.09.512793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schlafen 12 restricts HIV-1 latency reversal by a codon-usage dependent post-transcriptional block in CD4+ T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparative atlas of single-cell chromatin accessibility in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.09.515833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain contains an extraordinarily diverse set of neuronal and glial cell types. Recent advances in single cell transcriptomics have begun to delineate the cellular heterogeneity in different brain regions, but the transcriptional regulatory programs responsible for the identity and function of each brain cell type remain to be defined. Here, we carried out single nucleus ATAC-seq analysis to probe the open chromatin landscape from over 1.1 million cells in 42 brain regions of three neurotypical adult donors. Integrative analysis of the resulting data identified 107 distinct cell types and revealed the cell-type-specific usage of 544,735 candidate cis-regulatory DNA elements (cCREs) in the human genome. Nearly 1/3 of them displayed sequence conservation as well as chromatin accessibility in the mouse brain. On the other hand, nearly 40% cCREs were human specific, with chromatin accessibility associated with species-restricted gene expression. Interestingly, these human specific cCREs were enriched for distinct families of retrotransposable elements, which displayed cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility. We uncovered strong associations between specific brain cell types and neuropsychiatric disorders. We futher developed deep learning models to predict regulatory function of non-coding disease risk variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto-Duarte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siletti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanny, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyhus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapovalova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.09.515833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparative atlas of single-cell chromatin accessibility in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selectivity and ranking of tight-binding JAK-STAT inhibitors using Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.516058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Janus kinases (JAK) are a group of proteins in the non-receptor tyrosine kinase (NRTKs) family that play a crucial role in growth, survival, and angiogenesis. They are activated by cytokines through the Janus kinase - signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. JAK-STAT signaling pathways have significant roles in the regulation of cell division, apoptosis, and immunity. Identification of the V617F mutation in the Janus homology 2 (JH2) domain of JAK2 leading to myeloproliferative disorders has stimulated great interest in the drug discovery community to develop JAK2-specific inhibitors. However, such inhibitors should be selective towards JAK2 over other JAKs and display an extended residence time. Recently, novel JAK2/STAT5 axis inhibitors (N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amino derivatives) have displayed extended residence times (hours or longer) on target and adequate selectivity excluding JAK3. To facilitate a deeper understanding of the kinase-inhibitor interactions and advance the development of such inhibitors, we utilize a multiscale Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations (MMVT) approach within the Simulation-Enabled Estimation of Kinetic Rates v.2 (SEEKR2) program to rank-order these inhibitors based on their kinetic properties and further explain the selectivity of JAK2 inhibitors over JAK3. Our approach investigates the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of JAK-inhibitor complexes in a user-friendly, fast, efficient, and accurate manner compared to other brute force and hybrid enhanced sampling approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ojha, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Votapka, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.10.516058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selectivity and ranking of tight-binding JAK-STAT inhibitors using Markovian milestoning with Voronoi tessellations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring a cell's capabilities from omics data with ImmCellFie 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImmCellFie is a user-friendly, web-based platform for comprehensive analysis of metabolic functions inferred from transcriptomic or proteomic data. It enables researchers to leverage the powerful mechanistic insight provided by complex genome-scale metabolic models with little to no bioinformatics training required. The platform has been integrated with a series of useful tools and richly annotated scientific visualizations for interactive exploration by the user. ImmCellFie pushes beyond simple statistical enrichment and incorporates complex biological mechanisms to quantify cell activity.

Graphical abstract
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masson, H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telleria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capps, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robasky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring a cell's capabilities from omics data with ImmCellFie]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cas9-mediated tagging of endogenous loci using HITAG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To facilitate the interrogation of protein function at scale, we have developed High-throughput Insertion of Tags Across the Genome (HITAG). HITAG enables users to rapidly produce libraries of cells, each with a different protein of interest C-terminally tagged is based on a modified strategy for performing Cas9-based targeted insertions, coupled with an improved approach for selecting properly tagged lines. Analysis of the resulting clones generated by HITAG reveals high tagging specificity with the majority of tagging events being indel free. Using HITAG, we fuse mCherry to a set of 167 stress granule-associated proteins and elucidate the features which drive a subset of proteins to strongly accumulate within these transient RNA-protein granules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cas9-mediated tagging of endogenous loci using HITAG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent impacts of C9orf72 repeat expansion on neurons and glia in ALS and FTD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are strongly influenced by inherited genetic variation, but environmental and epigenetic factors also play key roles in the course of these diseases. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 (C9) gene is the most common genetic cause of ALS and FTD. To determine the cellular alterations associated with the C9 repeat expansion, we performed single nucleus transcriptomics (snRNA-seq) and epigenomics (snATAC-seq) in postmortem samples of motor and frontal cortices from C9-ALS and C9-FTD donors. We found pervasive alterations of gene expression across multiple cortical cell types in C9-ALS, with the largest number of affected genes in astrocytes and excitatory neurons. Astrocytes increased expression of markers of activation and pathways associated with structural remodeling. Excitatory neurons in upper and deep layers increased expression of genes related to proteostasis, metabolism, and protein expression, and decreased expression of genes related to neuronal function. Epigenetic analyses revealed concordant changes in chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and gene expression in specific cell types. C9-FTD patients had a distinct pattern of changes, including loss of neurons in frontal cortex and altered expression of thousands of genes in astrocytes and oligodendrocyte-lineage cells. Overall, these findings demonstrate a context-dependent molecular disruption in C9-ALS and C9-FTD, resulting in distinct effects across cell types, brain regions, and disease phenotypes.

One Sentence SummaryC9orf72-associated ALS and FTD showed a distinct pattern of transcriptome changes, with the largest number of affected genes in C9-ALS in astrocytes and excitatory neurons in upper and deep layers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaiswal, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlenkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardashli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pregent, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelberg-Cook, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belzil, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dracheva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent impacts of C9orf72 repeat expansion on neurons and glia in ALS and FTD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adult consequences of repeated nicotine vapor inhalation in adolescent rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThere has been a recent resurgence in nicotine inhalation in adolescents due to the popularity and availability of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). Almost five times as many US high-school seniors inhale nicotine vapor daily compared with those who smoke tobacco. This study was conducted to determine the impact of repeated adolescent vapor inhalation of nicotine on behavior in adulthood.

MethodsMale and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 30-minute sessions of ENDS vapor inhalation, twice daily, from Post-Natal Day (PND) 31 to PND 40. Conditions included vapor from the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle or nicotine (30 mg/mL in the PG). Animals were assessed for effects of nicotine on open field (PND 74-105) and wheel activity (PND 126-180) and for the self-administration of nicotine vapor (PND 285-395). Plasma levels of nicotine and cotinine were assessed in separate groups of male and female Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after a single nicotine inhalation session.

ResultsGroup mean plasma nicotine ranged from 39 to 59 ng/mL post-session with minimal strain differences detected. Adolescent nicotine exposure modestly enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor stimulating effects of nicotine (0.1-0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) in an open field in female rats, but didnt change effects of nicotine on wheel activity. Female rats exposed to nicotine (30 mg/mL) vapor as adolescents responded more vigorously than PG exposed females for nicotine vapor in a FR5 challenge.

ConclusionsRepeated adolescent nicotine vapor inhalation leads to enhanced liability for nicotine self-administration in adulthood in female rats, but minimal change in spontaneous locomotor behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adult consequences of repeated nicotine vapor inhalation in adolescent rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmodium exoerythrocytic parasites redirect trafficking of human proteins to the parasitophorous vacuole 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in host cell morphology and transcription after apicomplexan parasite infection have long been noted, but there have been few studies of the functional consequences of host cell remodeling. Here we show, using time-dependent immunofluorescence microscopy of multiple human cell lines (HepG2, HC-04, Huh7.5.1 and primary human hepatocytes), infected with multiple Plasmodium species (Plasmodium berghei, P. falciparum and P. vivax (hypnozoites and schizonts)), and antibodies to multiple human proteins (HsNR4A3, HsMUC13, HsGOLGA8A, HsCGA, HsBiP, HsCXCL2), that human protein trafficking is extensively modified in Plasmodium infected cells. Using conventional as well as ultrastructure expansion microscopy we show that newly-synthesized human proteins are trafficked to the parasitophorous vacuole instead of the infected-cell plasma membrane, nucleus or extracellular space. Universal redirection of human signaling proteins cells the parasitophorous vacuole may provide a mechanistic explanation for how apicomplexan parasites can block host cells response to infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMonte, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liffner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godinez-Macias, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carolino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paytas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong-Rios, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinetz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamboa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Absalon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmodium exoerythrocytic parasites redirect trafficking of human proteins to the parasitophorous vacuole]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of LRRK1 and mechanisms of autoinhibition and activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 1 and 2 (LRRK1 and LRRK2) are homologs in the ROCO family of proteins in humans. Despite their shared domain architecture and involvement in intracellular trafficking, their disease associations are strikingly different: LRRK2 is involved in familial Parkinsons Disease (PD) while LRRK1 is linked to bone diseases. Furthermore, PD-linked mutations in LRRK2 are typically autosomal dominant gain-of-function while those in LRRK1 are autosomal recessive loss-of-function. To understand these differences, we solved cryo-EM structures of LRRK1 in its monomeric and dimeric forms. Both differ from the corresponding LRRK2 structures. Unlike LRRK2, which is sterically autoinhibited as a monomer, LRRK1 is sterically autoinhibited in a dimer-dependent manner. LRRK1 has an additional level of autoinhibition that prevents activation of the kinase and is absent in LRRK2. Finally, we place the structural signatures of LRRK1 and LRRK2 in the context of the evolution of the LRRK family of proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickey, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrisch, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of LRRK1 and mechanisms of autoinhibition and activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species analysis identifies conserved transcriptional mechanisms of neutrophil maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are evolutionarily conserved innate defense cells implicated in diverse pathological processes. Zebrafish models have contributed substantially to our understanding of neutrophil functions, but similarities to human neutrophil maturation have not been characterized limiting applicability to study human disease.

We generated transgenic zebrafish strains to distinguish neutrophil maturation grades in vivo and established a high-resolution transcriptional profile of neutrophil maturation. We linked gene expression at each stage to characteristic transcription factors, including C/ebp{beta}, important for late neutrophil maturation. Cross-species comparison of zebrafish, mouse, and human confirmed high molecular similarity in immature stages and discriminated zebrafish-specific from pan-species gene signatures. Applying pan-species neutrophil maturation signatures in RNA-seq data from neuroblastoma patients revealed an association of metastatic tumor cell infiltration in the bone marrow with an increase in mature neutrophils.

Our detailed neutrophil maturation atlas provides a valuable resource for studying neutrophil function at different stages across species in health and disease.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=83 SRC="FIGDIR/small/518146v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirchberger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoeb, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogueira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifatbegovic, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozsaky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladenstein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodenmiller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lion, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farlik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschner-Mandl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halbritter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Distel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.28.518146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species analysis identifies conserved transcriptional mechanisms of neutrophil maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new theoretical framework jointly explains behavioral and neural variability across subjects performing flexible decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to flexibly switch our response to external stimuli according to contextual information is critical for successful interactions with a complex world. Context-dependent computations are necessary across many domains1-3, yet their neural implementations remain poorly understood. Here we developed a novel behavioral task in rats to study context-dependent selection and accumulation of evidence for decision-making4-6. Under assumptions supported by both monkey and rat data, we first show mathematically that a network can solve this problem through a combination of three defined components. These components can be identified and tested directly with experimental data. We further show that existing electrophysiological and modeling data are compatible with the full variety of possible combinations of these components, suggesting that different individuals could use different component combinations. To study variability across individual subjects, we developed automated, high-throughput methods to train rats on our task, and we trained many subjects on it. Consistent with theoretical predictions, neural and behavioral analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity across rats, despite uniformly good task performance. Our theory further predicts a specific link between behavioral and neural signatures, which was robustly supported in the data. In summary, our results provide a new experimentally-supported theoretical framework to analyze individual variability in biological and artificial systems performing flexible decision-making tasks, they open the door to cellular-resolution studies of individual variability in higher cognition, and they provide insights into neural mechanisms of context-dependent computation more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pagan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillow, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mante, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sussillo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.28.518207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new theoretical framework jointly explains behavioral and neural variability across subjects performing flexible decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure including long palindromes, tandem repeats, and segmental duplications1-3. As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished4, 5. Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029 base pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference, revealing the complete ampliconic structures of TSPY, DAZ, and RBMY gene families; 41 additional protein-coding genes, mostly from the TSPY family; and an alternating pattern of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks in the heterochromatic Yq12 region. We have combined T2T-Y with a prior assembly of the CHM13 genome4 and mapped available population variation, clinical variants, and functional genomics data to produce a complete and comprehensive reference sequence for all 24 human chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cechova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hook, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rautiainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekhans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flicek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Giron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarracino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haggerty, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haukness, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hourlier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesharwani, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makalowski,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth Signaling Autonomy in Circulating Tumor Cells Aids Metastatic Seeding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Self-sufficiency (autonomy) in growth signaling, the earliest recognized hallmark of cancer, is fueled by the tumor cells ability to  secrete-and-sense growth factors; this translates into cell survival and proliferation that is self-sustained by auto-/paracrine secretion. A Golgi-localized circuitry comprised of two GTPase switches has recently been implicated in the orchestration of growth signaling autonomy. Using breast cancer cells that are either endowed or impaired (by gene editing) in their ability to assemble the circuitry for growth signaling autonomy, here we define the transcriptome, proteome, and phenome of such autonomous state, and unravel its role during cancer progression. We show that autonomy is associated with enhanced molecular programs for stemness, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). Autonomy is both necessary and sufficient for anchorage-independent growth factor-restricted proliferation and resistance to anti-cancer drugs and is required for metastatic progression. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies show that autonomy is associated, with a surprising degree of specificity, to self-sustained EGFR/ErbB signaling. Derivation of a gene expression signature for autonomy revealed that growth signaling autonomy is uniquely induced in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the harshest phase in the life of tumor cells when it is deprived of biologically available EGF. We also show that autonomy in CTCs tracks therapeutic response and prognosticates outcome. These data support a role for growth signaling autonomy in multiple processes essential for the blood-borne dissemination of human breast cancer.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=199 SRC="FIGDIR/small/518910v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@167b370org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@135b62dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14b5e9forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1311e84_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Significance StatementA Golgi-localized molecular circuitry has been recently implicated in the orchestration of secrete-and-sense auto-/paracrine loops that impart self-sufficiency in growth signaling, a.k.a., growth signaling autonomy. Using a transdisciplinary approach, this work shows that growth signaling autonomy is uniquely induced in tumor cells that are in circulation. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a brutish and risky phase in the lifetime of tumor cells when they are exposed to the immune system and hemodynamic sheer forces, all in the setting of growth factor starvation. Cancer cells appear to rely on the autonomy circuit to survive and enhance their fitness to seed metastases. Autonomy generates the kind of  eat-what-you-kill entrepreneurial spirit which minimizes the risk of CTCs dying on an otherwise risky journey.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farfel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luker, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth Signaling Autonomy in Circulating Tumor Cells Aids Metastatic Seeding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscaled discovery of a shunt rifamycin from Salinispora arenicola using a three-colour GFP-tagged Staphylococcus aureus macrophage infection assay. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as an urgent global public health threat, and development of novel therapeutics for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria is urgent. Staphylococcus aureus is a major human and animal pathogen, responsible for high levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The intracellular survival of S. aureus in macrophages contributes to immune evasion, dissemination, and resilience to antibiotic treatment. Here, we present a confocal fluorescence imaging assay for monitoring macrophage infection by GFP-tagged Staphylococcus aureus as a front-line tool to identify antibiotic leads. The assay was employed in combination with nanoscaled chemical analyses to facilitate the discovery of a novel, active rifamycin analogue. Our findings indicate a promising new approach to the identification of anti-microbial compounds with macrophage intracellular activity. The novel antibiotic identified here may represent a useful addition to our armoury in tackling the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pham, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargison, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildenhain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenical, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mead, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Clair, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.519019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscaled discovery of a shunt rifamycin from Salinispora arenicola using a three-colour GFP-tagged Staphylococcus aureus macrophage infection assay.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the determinants of recombinant protein yield across the human secretome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian cells are critical hosts for the production of most therapeutic proteins and many proteins for biomedical research. While cell line engineering and bioprocess optimization have yielded high protein titers of some recombinant proteins, many proteins remain difficult to express. Here, we decipher the factors influencing yields in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as they produce 2165 different proteins from the human secretome. We demonstrate that variation within our panel of proteins cannot be explained by transgene mRNA abundance. Analyzing the expression of the 2165 human proteins with machine learning, we find that protein features account for only 15% of the variability in recombinant protein yield. Meanwhile, transcriptomic signatures account for 75% of the variability across 95 representative samples. In particular, we observe divergent signatures regarding ER stress and metabolism among the panel of cultures expressing different recombinant proteins. Thus, our study unravels the factors underlying the variation on recombinant protein production in CHO and highlights transcriptomics signatures that could guide the rational design of CHO cell systems tailored to specific proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masson, H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundqvist, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivertsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tegel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hober, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhlen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grassi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.520152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the determinants of recombinant protein yield across the human secretome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of hyperosmotic stress-responsive genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells via genome-wide virus-free CRISPR/Cas9 screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.13.520335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred mammalian host cells for therapeutic protein production that have been extensively engineered to possess the desired attributes for high-yield protein production. However, empirical approaches for identifying novel engineering targets are laborious and time-consuming. Here, we established a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening platform for CHO-K1 cells with 111,651 guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting 21,585 genes using a virus-free recombinase-mediated cassette exchange-based gRNA integration method. Using this platform, we performed a positive selection screening under hyperosmotic stress conditions and identified 180 genes whose perturbations conferred resistance to hyperosmotic stress in CHO cells. Functional enrichment analysis identified hyperosmotic stress responsive gene clusters, such as tRNA wobble uridine modification and signaling pathways associated with cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, we validated 32 top-scoring candidates and observed a high rate of hit confirmation, demonstrating the potential of the screening platform. Knockout of the novel target genes, Zfr and Pnp, in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-producing recombinant CHO (rCHO) cells and bispecific antibody (bsAb)-producing rCHO cells enhanced their resistance to hyperosmotic stress, thereby improving mAb and bsAb production. Overall, the collective findings demonstrate the value of the screening platform as a powerful tool to investigate the functions of genes associated with hyperosmotic stress and to discover novel targets for rational cell engineering on a genome-wide scale in CHO cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karottki, K. J. l. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grav, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kildegaard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.13.520335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of hyperosmotic stress-responsive genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells via genome-wide virus-free CRISPR/Cas9 screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnapFISH: a computational pipeline to identify chromatin loops from multiplexed DNA FISH data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplexed DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging technologies have been developed to map the folding of chromatin fibers at tens of nanometer and tens of kilobase resolution in single cells. However, computational methods to reliably identify chromatin loops from such imaging datasets are still lacking. Here we present a Single-Nucleus Analysis Pipeline for multiplexed DNA FISH (SnapFISH), to process the multiplexed DNA FISH data and identify chromatin loops. SnapFISH can identify known chromatin loops from mouse embryonic stem cells with high sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, SnapFISH obtained comparable results of chromatin loops across datasets generated from diverse imaging technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jussila, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strambio-De-Castillia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnapFISH: a computational pipeline to identify chromatin loops from multiplexed DNA FISH data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.17.520884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ins and outs of membrane bending by intrinsically disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.17.520884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane curvature is essential to diverse cellular functions. While classically attributed to structured domains, recent work illustrates that intrinsically disordered proteins are also potent drivers of membrane bending. Specifically, repulsive interactions among disordered domains drive convex bending, while attractive interactions, which lead to liquid-like condensates, drive concave bending. How might disordered domains that contain both repulsive and attractive domains impact curvature? Here we examine chimeras that combine attractive and repulsive interactions. When the attractive domain was closer to the membrane, its condensation amplified steric pressure among repulsive domains, leading to convex curvature. In contrast, when the repulsive domain was closer to the membrane, attractive interactions dominated, resulting in concave curvature. Further, a transition from convex to concave curvature occurred with increasing ionic strength, which reduced repulsion while enhancing condensation. In agreement with a simple mechanical model, these results illustrate a set of design rules for membrane bending by disordered proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.17.520884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ins and outs of membrane bending by intrinsically disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.17.520895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vocal learning-associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.17.520895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vocal learning, the ability to modify vocal behavior based on experience, is a convergently evolved trait in birds and mammals. To identify genomic elements associated with vocal learning, we integrated new experiments conducted in the brain of the Egyptian fruit bat with analyses of the genomes of 222 placental mammals. We first identified an anatomically specialized region of the bat motor cortex containing direct monosynaptic projections to laryngeal motoneurons. Using wireless neural recordings of this brain region in freely vocalizing bats, we verified that single neuron activity in this region relates to vocal production. We profiled the open chromatin of this vocal-motor region, which we used to train machine learning models to identify enhancers associated with vocal learning across mammals. We found 201 proteins and 45 candidate enhancers that display convergent evolution associated with vocal learning, many of which overlapped loci associated with human speech disability. One such locus contains the neurodevelopmental transcription factors TSHZ3 and ZNF536 and multiple candidate vocal learning-associated enhancers, suggesting the co-evolution of protein and regulatory sequences underlying vocal learning.

One-Sentence SummaryAnalyses of bat neural activity and epigenomic data in a brain region involved in vocal behavior were used to identify proteins and regulatory elements associated with vocal learning in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirthlin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elie, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shvareva, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakuljic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplow, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schäffer, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annaldasula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoonomia Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yartsev, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfenning, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.17.520895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vocal learning-associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.520774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Greengenes2 enables a shared data universe for microbiome studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.520774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics studies typically yield different results, usually attributed to biases in PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes. Here, we introduce Greengenes2 and show that differences in reference phylogeny are more important. By inserting sequences into a whole-genome phylogeny, we show that 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic data generated from the same samples agree in principal coordinates space, taxonomy, and in phenotype effect size when analyzed with the same tree.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantrell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolaou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karst, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albertsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugenholtz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSantis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.19.520774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Greengenes2 enables a shared data universe for microbiome studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abundant pleiotropy across neuroimaging modalities identified through a multivariate genome-wide association study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic pleiotropy is abundant across spatially distributed brain characteristics derived from one neuroimaging modality (e.g. structural, functional or diffusion MRI). A better understanding of pleiotropy across modalities could inform us on the integration of brain function, micro- and macrostructure. Here we show extensive genetic overlap across neuroimaging modalities at a locus and gene level in the UK Biobank (N=34,029) and ABCD Study (N=8,607). When jointly analysing phenotypes derived from structural, functional and diffusion MRI with the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), we boost the discovery of loci and genes beyond previously identified effects for each modality individually. Cross-modality genes are involved in fundamental biological processes and predominantly expressed during prenatal brain development. We additionally boost prediction of psychiatric disorders by conditioning independent GWAS on our multimodal multivariate GWAS. These findings shed light on the shared genetic mechanisms underlying variation in brain morphology, functional connectivity, and tissue composition.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=192 SRC="FIGDIR/small/521181v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tissink, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hindley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelfs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naerland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budisteanu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlye, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posthuma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.20.521181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abundant pleiotropy across neuroimaging modalities identified through a multivariate genome-wide association study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lab evolution, transcriptomics, and modeling reveal mechanisms of paraquat tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.521246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Relationships between the genome, transcriptome, and metabolome underlie all evolved phenotypes. However, it has proved difficult to elucidate these relationships because of the high number of variables measured. A recently developed data analytic method for characterizing the transcriptome can simplify interpretation by grouping genes into independently modulated sets (iModulons). Here, we demonstrate how iModulons reveal deep understanding of the effects of causal mutations and metabolic rewiring. We use adaptive laboratory evolution to generate E. coli strains that tolerate high levels of the redox cycling compound paraquat, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). We combine resequencing, iModulons, and metabolic models to elucidate six interacting stress tolerance mechanisms: 1) modification of transport, 2) activation of ROS stress responses, 3) use of ROS-sensitive iron regulation, 4) motility, 5) broad transcriptional reallocation toward growth, and 6) metabolic rewiring to decrease NADH production. This work thus reveals the genome-scale systems biology of ROS tolerance.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, E. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.20.521246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lab evolution, transcriptomics, and modeling reveal mechanisms of paraquat tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serine-129 phosphorylation of α-synuclein is a trigger for physiologic protein-protein interactions and synaptic function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of -synuclein at the Serine-129 site (-syn Ser129P) is an established pathologic hallmark of synucleinopathies, and also a therapeutic target. In physiologic states, only a small fraction of total -syn is phosphorylated at this site, and consequently, almost all studies to date have focused on putative pathologic roles of this post-translational modification. We noticed that unlike native (total) -syn that is widely expressed throughout the brain, the overall pattern of -syn Ser129P is restricted, suggesting intrinsic regulation and putative physiologic roles. Surprisingly, preventing phosphorylation at the Ser-129 site blocked the ability of -syn to attenuate activity-dependent synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling - widely thought to reflect its normal function. Exploring mechanisms, we found that neuronal activity augments -syn Ser-129P, and this phosphorylation is required for -syn binding to VAMP2 and synapsin - two functional binding-partners that are necessary for -syn function. AlphaFold2-driven modeling suggests a scenario where Ser129P induces conformational changes in the C-terminus that stabilizes this region and facilitates protein-protein interactions. Our experiments indicate that the pathology-associated Ser129P is an unexpected physiologic trigger of -syn function, which has broad implications for pathophysiology and drug-development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parra-Rivas, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhivanan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakashchand, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aulston, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzo, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branes-Guerrero, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serine-129 phosphorylation of α-synuclein is a trigger for physiologic protein-protein interactions and synaptic function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Activity-Based Nanosensor for Minimally-Invasive Measurement of Protease Activity in Traumatic Brain Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current screening and diagnostic tools for traumatic brain injury (TBI) have limitations in sensitivity and prognostication. Aberrant protease activity is a central process that drives disease progression in TBI and is associated with worsened prognosis; thus direct measurements of protease activity could provide more diagnostic information. In this study, we engineered a nanosensor that releases a measurable signal into the blood and urine in response to activity from the TBI-associated protease calpain. Readouts from our nanosensor were designed to be compatible with ELISA and lateral flow assays, clinically-relevant assay modalities. In a mouse model of TBI, we demonstrated greater sensitivity of the nanosensor with the addition of targeting ligands to hyaluronic acid. In evaluation of mice with mild or severe injuries, our nanosensor identified mild TBI with a higher sensitivity than the clinical biomarker GFAP. This nanosensor technology allows for measurement of TBI-associated proteases without the need to directly access brain tissue, and has the potential to complement existing TBI diagnostic tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kudryashev, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madias, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandell, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.26.521967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Activity-Based Nanosensor for Minimally-Invasive Measurement of Protease Activity in Traumatic Brain Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.522009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural damping renders the insect exoskeleton mechanically insensitive to non-sinusoidal deformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.522009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscles act through elastic and dissipative elements to mediate movement, but these elements can introduce dissipation and filtering which are important for energetics and control. The high power requirements of flapping flight can be reduced by the insects exoskeleton, which acts as a structurally damped spring under purely sinusoidal deformation. However, this purely sinusoidal dynamic regime does not encompass the asymmetric wing strokes of many insects or non-periodic deformations induced by external perturbations. As such, it remains unknown whether a structural damping model applies broadly and what implications it has for control. We used a vibration testing system to measure the mechanical properties of isolated Manduca sexta thoraces under symmetric, asymmetric, and band-limited white noise deformations. We measured a thoracic stiffness of 2980 Nm-1 at 25 Hz and physiological peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.92 mm. Power savings and dissipation were indistinguishable between symmetric and asymmetric conditions, demonstrating that no additional energy is required to deform the thorax non-sinusoidally. Under white noise conditions, stiffness and damping were invariant with frequency, which is consistent with a structural damping model and suggests the thorax has no frequency-dependent filtering properties. A simple flat frequency response function fits our measured frequency response. This work demonstrates the potential of structurally damped materials to simplify motor control by eliminating any velocity-dependent filtering that viscoelastic elements usually impose between muscle and appendage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wold, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.27.522009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural damping renders the insect exoskeleton mechanically insensitive to non-sinusoidal deformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.522024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and functional arrangement of Ebola virus polymerase inside phase-separated viral factories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.27.522024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection induces the formation of membrane-less, cytoplasmic compartments termed viral factories, in which multiple viral proteins gather and coordinate viral transcription, replication and assembly. Key to viral factory function is the recruitment of EBOV polymerase, a multifunctional machine that mediates transcription and replication of the viral RNA genome. We show that intracellularly reconstituted EBOV viral factories are biomolecular condensates, with composition-dependent internal exchange dynamics that likely facilitates viral replication. Within the viral factory, we found the EBOV polymerase clusters into foci. The distance between these foci increases when viral replication is enabled. In addition to the typical droplet-like viral factories, we report the formation of network-like viral factories during EBOV infection. Unlike droplet-like viral factories, network-like factories are inactive for EBOV nucleocapsid assembly. This unique view of EBOV propagation suggests a form-to-function relationship that describes how physical properties and internal structures of biomolecular condensates influence viral biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McArdle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deniz, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saphire, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.27.522024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and functional arrangement of Ebola virus polymerase inside phase-separated viral factories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting alcohol-related memory problems in older adults: A machine learning study with multi-domain features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.30.522330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory problems are common among older adults with a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Employing a machine learning framework, the current study investigates the use of multi-domain features to classify individuals with and without alcohol-induced memory problems. A group of 94 individuals (ages 50-81 years) with alcohol-induced memory problems (Memory group) were compared with a matched Control group who did not have memory problems. The Random Forests model identified specific features from each domain that contributed to the classification of Memory vs. Control group (AUC=88.29%). Specifically, individuals from the Memory group manifested a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions except some connections involving anterior cingulate cortex which were predominantly hypoconnected. Other significant contributing features were (i) polygenic risk scores for AUD, (ii) alcohol consumption and related health consequences during the past 5 years, such as health problems, past negative experiences, withdrawal symptoms, and the largest number of drinks in a day during the past 12 months, and (iii) elevated neuroticism and increased harm avoidance, and fewer positive "uplift" life events. At the neural systems level, hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions, including the connections across the hippocampal hub regions, in individuals with memory problems may indicate dysregulation in neural information processing. Overall, the study outlines the importance of utilizing multidomain features, consisting of resting-state brain connectivity collected [~]18 years ago, together with personality, life experiences, polygenic risk, and alcohol consumption and related consequences, to predict alcohol-related memory problems that arise in later life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamarajan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chorlian, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinreich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subbie Saenz de Viteri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anokhin, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plawecki, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuperman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almasy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merikangas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brislin, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesselbrock, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCutcheon, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucholz, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuckit, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porjesz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting alcohol-related memory problems in older adults: A machine learning study with multi-domain features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional pathways for metabolic network-based data analysis: the MetPath algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyzing biological data using pathways helps identify trends in data tied to the function of a network. A large number of pathway-based analysis tools have been developed toward this goal. These pathways are often manually curated and thus associations are subject to the biases of the curator. A potentially attractive alternative is to define pathways based on the inherent functionality and connectivity of the network itself. Within metabolism, functionality is defined by the production and consumption of metabolites, and connectivity by metabolites participating in reactions through common enzymes. In this work, we present an algorithm, termed MetPath, that calculates pathways for production and consumption of metabolites. We show how these pathways have attractive properties, such as the ability to integrate multiple data types and weight contribution of genes within the pathway by their functional contribution to metabolite production/consumption. Pathways calculated in this manner are condition-specific and thus are custom tailored to the system of interest, in contrast to curated pathways. We find that these pathways predict gene expression correlation better compared to manually-curated pathways. Additionally, we find that these pathways can be used to understand gene expression changes between growth conditions and between cell types. This work serves to better understand the functional pathway structure underlying cell metabolism and helps to enable systems analyses of high-throughput data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mattei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramazzotti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/202226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional pathways for metabolic network-based data analysis: the MetPath algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ViralConsensus: A fast and memory-efficient tool for calling viral consensus genome sequences directly from read alignment data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationIn viral molecular epidemiology, reconstruction of consensus genomes from sequence data is critical for tracking mutations and variants of concern. However, as the number of samples that are sequenced grows rapidly, compute resources needed to reconstruct consensus genomes can become prohibitively large.

ResultsViralConsensus is a fast and memory-efficient tool for calling viral consensus genome sequences directly from read alignment data. ViralConsensus is orders of magnitude faster and more memory-efficient than existing methods. Further, unlike existing methods, ViralConsensus can pipe data directly from a read mapper via standard input and performs viral consensus calling on-the-fly, making it an ideal tool for viral sequencing pipelines.

AvailabilityViralConsensus is freely available at https://github.com/niemasd/ViralConsensus as an open-source software project.

Contactniema@ucsd.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ViralConsensus: A fast and memory-efficient tool for calling viral consensus genome sequences directly from read alignment data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.08.522930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Supramolecular fibrous hydrogel augmentation of uterosacral ligament suspension for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.08.522930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) is a common surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, the relatively high failure rate of up to 40% underscores a strong clinical need for complementary treatment strategies, such as biomaterial augmentation. Herein, we describe the first hydrogel biomaterial augmentation of USLS in a recently established rat model using an injectable fibrous hydrogel composite. Supramolecularly-assembled hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel nanofibers encapsulated in a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable HA hydrogel create an injectable scaffold showing excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The hydrogel can be successfully delivered and localized to the suture sites of the USLS procedure, where it gradually degrades over 6 weeks. In situ mechanical testing 24 weeks post-operative in the multiparous USLS rat model shows the ultimate load (load at failure) to be 1.70 {+/-} 0.36 N for the intact uterosacral ligament (USL), 0.89 {+/-} 0.28 N for the USLS repair, and 1.37 {+/-} 0.31 N for the USLS + hydrogel (USLS+H) repair (n = 8). These results indicate that the hydrogel composite significantly improves load required for tissue failure compared to the standard USLS, even after the hydrogel degrades, and that this hydrogel-based approach could potentially reduce the high failure rate associated with USLS procedures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grewal, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highley, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Vita, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caliari, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.08.522930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Supramolecular fibrous hydrogel augmentation of uterosacral ligament suspension for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.522731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-dimensional phenotyping to define the genetic basis of cellular morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.522731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The morphology of cells is dynamic and mediated by genetic and environmental factors. Characterizing how genetic variation impacts cell morphology can provide an important link between disease association and cellular function. Here, we combined genomic and high-content imaging approaches on iPSCs from 297 unique donors to investigate the relationship between genetic variants and cellular morphology to map what we term cell morphological quantitative trait loci (cmQTLs). We identified novel associations between rare protein altering variants in WASF2, TSPAN15, and PRLR with several morphological traits related to cell shape, nucleic granularity, and mitochondrial distribution. Knockdown of these genes by CRISPRi confirmed their role in cell morphology. Analysis of common variants yielded one significant association and nominated over 300 variants with suggestive evidence (P<10-6) of association with one or more morphology traits. Our results showed that, similar to other molecular phenotypes, morphological profiling can yield insight about the function of genes and variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tegtmeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asgari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cimini, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peirent, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liyanage, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Way, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisbart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amariuta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haghighi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nehme, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.522731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-dimensional phenotyping to define the genetic basis of cellular morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low Rate Hippocampal Delay Period Activity Encodes Behavioral Experience 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remembering what just happened is a crucial prerequisite to form long-term memories but also for establishing and maintaining working memory. So far there is no general agreement about cortical mechanisms that support short-term memory. Using a classifier-based decoding approach, we report that hippocampal activity during few sparsely distributed brief time intervals contains information about the previous sensory motor experience of rodents. These intervals are characterized by only a small increase of firing rate of only a few neurons. These low-rate predictive patterns are present in both working memory and non-working memory tasks, in two rodent species, rats and Mongolian gerbils, are strongly reduced for rats with medial entorhinal cortex lesions, and depend on the familiarity of the sensory-motor context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Athanasiadis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masserini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fetterhoff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low Rate Hippocampal Delay Period Activity Encodes Behavioral Experience]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metagenomic Data Reveal Type I Polyketide Synthase Distributions Across Biomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial polyketide synthase (PKS) genes encode the biosynthesis of many biomedically important natural products, yet only a small fraction of natures polyketide biosynthetic potential has been realized. Much of this potential originates from type I PKSs (T1PKSs), which can be delineated into different classes and subclasses based on domain organization and structural features of the compounds encoded. Notably, phylogenetic relationships among PKS ketosynthase (KS) domains provide a method to classify the larger and more complex genes in which they occur. Increased access to large metagenomic datasets from diverse habitats provides opportunities to assess T1PKS biosynthetic diversity and distributions through the analysis of KS domain sequences. Here, we used the webtool NaPDoS2 to detect and classify over 35,000 type I KS domains from 137 metagenomic data sets reported from eight diverse biomes. We found biome-specific separation with soils enriched in modular cis-AT and hybrid cis-AT KSs relative to other biomes and marine sediments enriched in KSs associated with PUFA and enediyne biosynthesis. By extracting full-length KS domains, we linked the phylum Actinobacteria to soil-specific enediyne and cis-AT clades and identified enediyne and monomodular KSs in phyla from which the associated compound classes have not been reported. These sequences were phylogenetically distinct from those associated with experimentally characterized PKSs suggesting novel structures or enzyme functions remain to be discovered. Lastly, we employed our metagenome-extracted KS domains to evaluate commonly used type I KS PCR primers and identified modifications that could increase the KS sequence diversity recovered from amplicon libraries.

ImportancePolyketides are a crucial source of medicines, agrichemicals, and other commercial products. Advances in our understanding of polyketide biosynthesis coupled with the accumulation of metagenomic sequence data provide new opportunities to assess polyketide biosynthetic potential across biomes. Here, we used the webtool NaPDoS2 to assess type I PKS diversity and distributions by detecting and classifying KS domains across 137 metagenomes. We show that biomes are differentially enriched in KS domain classes, providing a roadmap for future biodiscovery strategies. Further, KS phylogenies reveal both biome-specific clades that do not include biochemically characterized PKSs, highlighting the biosynthetic potential of poorly explored environments. The large metagenome-derived KS dataset allowed us to identify regions of commonly used type I KS PCR primers that could be modified to capture a larger extent of KS diversity. These results facilitate both the search for novel polyketides and our understanding of the biogeographical distribution of PKSs across earths major biomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creamer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klau, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metagenomic Data Reveal Type I Polyketide Synthase Distributions Across Biomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.523637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguishing response from stimulus driven history biases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.523637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perception is shaped by past experience, both cumulative and contextual. Serial dependence reflects a contextual attractive bias to perceive or report the world as more stable than it truly is. As serial dependence has often been examined in continuous report or change detection tasks, it unclear whether attraction is towards the identity of the previous stimulus feature, or rather to the response made to indicate the perceived stimulus value on the previous trial. The physical and reported identities can be highly correlated depending on properties of the stimulus and task design. However, they are distinct values and dissociating them is important because it can reveal information about the role of sensory and non-sensory contributions to attractive biases. These alternative possibilities can be challenging to disentangle because 1) stimulus values and responses are typically strongly correlated and 2) measuring response biases using standard techniques can be confounded by context-independent biases such as cardinal bias for orientation (i.e., higher precision, but repelled, responses from vertical and horizontal orientations). Here we explore the issues and confounds related to measuring response biases using simulations. Under a range of conditions, we find that response-induced biases can be reliably distinguished from stimulus-induced biases and from confounds introduced by context-independent biases. We then applied these approaches to a delayed report dataset (N=18) and found evidence for response over a stimulus driven history bias. This work demonstrates that stimulus and response driven history biases can be reliably dissociated and provides code to implement these analysis procedures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.11.523637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguishing response from stimulus driven history biases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated quantitative trait locus analysis (AutoQTL) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundQuantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have the power to identify variants that capture significant levels of phenotypic variance in complex traits. However, effort and time are required to select the best methods and optimize parameters and pre-processing steps. Although machine learning approaches have been shown to greatly assist in optimization and data processing, applying them to QTL analysis and GWAS is challenging due to the complexity of large, heterogenous datasets. Here, we describe proof-of-concept for an automated machine learning approach, AutoQTL, with the ability to automate many complex decisions related to analysis of complex traits and generate diverse solutions to describe relationships that exist in genetic data.

ResultsUsing a dataset of 18 putative QTL from a large-scale GWAS of body mass index in the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, AutoQTL captures the phenotypic variance explained under a standard additive model while also providing evidence of non-additive effects including deviations from additivity and 2-way epistatic interactions from simulated data via multiple optimal solutions. Additionally, feature importance metrics provide different insights into the inheritance models and predictive power of multiple GWAS-derived putative QTL.

ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept illustrates that automated machine learning techniques can be applied to genetic data and has the potential to detect both additive and non-additive effects via various optimal solutions and feature importance metrics. In the future, we aim to expand AutoQTL to accommodate omics-level datasets with intelligent feature selection strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freda, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Martinez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated quantitative trait locus analysis (AutoQTL)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are adaptable organelles with diverse cellular functions critical to whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While chronic endurance exercise training is known to alter mitochondrial activity, these adaptations have not yet been systematically characterized. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) mapped the longitudinal, multi-omic changes in mitochondrial analytes across 19 tissues in male and female rats endurance trained for 1, 2, 4 or 8 weeks. Training elicited substantial changes in the adrenal gland, brown adipose, colon, heart and skeletal muscle, while we detected mild responses in the brain, lung, small intestine and testes. The colon response was characterized by non-linear dynamics that resulted in upregulation of mitochondrial function that was more prominent in females. Brown adipose and adrenal tissues were characterized by substantial downregulation of mitochondrial pathways. Training induced a previously unrecognized robust upregulation of mitochondrial protein abundance and acetylation in the liver, and a concomitant shift in lipid metabolism. The striated muscles demonstrated a highly coordinated response to increase oxidative capacity, with the majority of changes occurring in protein abundance and post-translational modifications. We identified exercise upregulated networks that are downregulated in human type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis. In both cases HSD17B10, a central dehydrogenase in multiple metabolic pathways and mitochondrial tRNA maturation, was the main hub. In summary, we provide a multi-omic, cross-tissue atlas of the mitochondrial response to training and identify candidates for prevention of disease-associated mitochondrial dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean Beltran, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan Raja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marwaha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershman, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevener, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burant, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rector, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodpaster, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodine, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MoTrPAC Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple pals gene modules control a balance between immunity and development in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The immune system continually battles against pathogen-induced pressures, which often leads to the evolutionary expansion of immune gene families in a species-specific manner. For example, the pals gene family expanded to 39 members in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, in comparison to a single mammalian pals ortholog. Our previous studies have revealed that two members of this family, pals-22 and pals-25, act as antagonistic paralogs to control the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR). The IPR is a protective transcriptional response, which is activated upon infection by two molecularly distinct natural intracellular pathogens of C. elegans - the Orsay virus and the fungus Nematocida parisii from the microsporidia phylum. In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterized member of the pals family, pals-17, as a newly described negative regulator of the IPR. pals-17 mutants show constitutive upregulation of IPR gene expression, increased immunity against intracellular pathogens, as well as impaired development and reproduction. We also find that two other previously uncharacterized pals genes, pals-20 and pals-16, are positive regulators of the IPR, acting downstream of pals-17. These positive regulators reverse the effects caused by the loss of pals-17 on IPR gene expression, immunity and development. We show that the negative IPR regulator protein PALS-17 and the positive IPR regulator protein PALS-20 colocalize inside intestinal epithelial cells, which are the sites of infection for IPR-inducing pathogens. In summary, our study demonstrates that several pals genes from the expanded pals gene family act as ON/OFF switch modules to regulate a balance between organismal development and immunity against natural intracellular pathogens in C. elegans.

AUTHOR SUMMARYImmune responses to pathogens induce extensive rewiring of host physiology. In the short term, these changes are generally beneficial as they can promote resistance against infection. However, prolonged activation of immune responses can have serious negative consequences on host health, including impaired organismal development and fitness. Therefore, the balance between activating the immune system and promoting development must be precisely regulated. In this study, we used genetics to identify a gene in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans called pals-17 that acts as a repressor of the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), a defense response against viral and microsporidian infections. We also found that pals-17 is required for the normal development of these animals. Furthermore, we identified two other pals genes, pals-20 and pals-16, as suppressors of pals-17 mutant phenotypes. Finally, we found that PALS-17 and PALS-20 proteins colocalize inside intestinal cells, where viruses and microsporidia invade and replicate in the host. Taken together, our study demonstrates a balance between organismal development and immunity that is regulated by several genetic ON/OFF switch  modules in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchard, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.15.524171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple pals gene modules control a balance between immunity and development in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridging Big Data: Procedures for Combining Non-equivalent Cognitive Measures from the ENIGMA Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. These efforts unveil new questions about integrating data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed cognitive domain - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated global raw data from 53 studies totaling N = 10,505 individuals. A mega-analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to remove site effects, followed by linear models adjusting for common covariates. A continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individuals latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance while preserving covariate effects, and our conversion tool is freely available online. This demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.

TeaserWe present a global effort to devise harmonization procedures necessary to meaningfully leverage big data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadlamani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, P.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso-Lana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrogi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arango, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asarnow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avram, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesa-Arriola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babikian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodtmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brosch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caeyenberghs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiaravalloti, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifu, D. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Facorro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalrymple-Alford, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dams-O'Connor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dannlowski, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeLuca, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Caneja, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobryakova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esopenko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrarelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes-Claramonte,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.524331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridging Big Data: Procedures for Combining Non-equivalent Cognitive Measures from the ENIGMA Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mixed Lineage Leukemia (Mll1) establishes global histone H3K4 trimethylation and stem like memory Cd8 T cell formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD8+ T cells with stem cell-like properties (TSCM) sustain adaptive immunity to intracellular pathogens and tumors. However, the developmental origins and chromatin regulatory factors (CRFs) that establish their differentiation are unclear. Using an RNA interference screen of all CRFs we discovered the histone methylase Mll1 was required during T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation for development of a TSCM precursor state and mature memory (TMEM) cells, but not short-lived or transitory effector cell-like states, in response to viral infections and tumors. Mll1 was essential for widespread de novo deposition of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) upon TCR stimulation, which accounted for 70% of all activation-induced sites in mature TMEM cells. Mll1 promoted both H3K4me3 deposition and reduced TCR-induced Pol II pausing at genes whose single-cell transcriptional dynamics explained trajectories into nascent TSCM precursor states during viral infection. Our results suggest Mll1-dependent control of Pol II elongation and H3K4me3 establishes and maintains differentiation of CD8+ TSCM cell states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Getzler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederick, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milner, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belanger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pipkin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mixed Lineage Leukemia (Mll1) establishes global histone H3K4 trimethylation and stem like memory Cd8 T cell formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.22.525049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AtOM, an ontology model for standardizing use of brain atlases in tools, workflows, and data infrastructures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.22.525049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain atlases are important reference resources for accurate anatomical description of neuroscience data. Open access, three-dimensional atlases serve as spatial frameworks for integrating experimental data and defining regions-of-interest in analytic workflows. However, naming conventions, parcellation criteria, area definitions, and underlying mapping methodologies differ considerably between atlases and across atlas versions. This lack of standardization impedes use of atlases in analytic tools and registration of data to different atlases. To establish a machine-readable standard for representing brain atlases, we identified four fundamental atlas elements, defined their relations, and created an ontology model. Here we present our Atlas Ontology Model (AtOM) and exemplify its use by applying it to mouse, rat, and human brain atlases. We propose minimum requirements for FAIR atlases and discuss how AtOM may facilitate atlas interoperability and data integration. AtOM provides a standardized framework for communication and use of brain atlases to create, use, and refer to specific atlas elements and versions. We argue that AtOM will accelerate analysis, sharing, and reuse of neuroscience data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleven, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zehl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickscheid, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjaalie, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leergaard, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.22.525049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AtOM, an ontology model for standardizing use of brain atlases in tools, workflows, and data infrastructures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurophysiological signatures of cortical micro-architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systematic spatial variation in micro-architecture is observed across the cortex. These micro-architectural gradients are reflected in neural activity, which can be captured by neurophysiological time-series. How spontaneous neurophysiological dynamics are organized across the cortex and how they arise from heterogeneous cortical micro-architecture remains unknown. Here we extensively profile regional neurophysiological dynamics across the human brain by estimating over 6 800 timeseries features from the resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) signal. We then map regional time-series profiles to a comprehensive multi-modal, multi-scale atlas of cortical micro-architecture, including microstructure, metabolism, neurotransmitter receptors, cell types and laminar differentiation. We find that the dominant axis of neurophysiological dynamics reflects characteristics of power spectrum density and linear correlation structure of the signal, emphasizing the importance of conventional features of electromagnetic dynamics while identifying additional informative features that have traditionally received less attention. Moreover, spatial variation in neurophysiological dynamics is colocalized with multiple micro-architectural features, including genomic gradients, intracortical myelin, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters, and oxygen and glucose metabolism. Collectively, this work opens new avenues for studying the anatomical basis of neural activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulcher, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baillet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurophysiological signatures of cortical micro-architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Site-specific Covalent Labeling of DNA Substrates by an RNA Transglycosylase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial tRNA guanine transglycosylases (TGTs) catalyze the exchange of guanine for the 7-deazaguanine queuine precursor, prequeuosine1 (preQ1). While the native nucleic acid substrate for bacterial TGTs is the anticodon loop of queuine-cognate tRNAs, the minimum recognition sequence for the enzyme is a structured hairpin containing the target G nucleobase in a "UGU" loop motif. Previous work has established an RNA modification system, RNA-TAG, in which E. coli TGT exchanges the target G on an RNA of interest for chemically modified preQ1 substrates linked to a small molecule reporter such as biotin or a fluorophore. While extending the substrate scope of RNA transglycosylases to include DNA would enable numerous applications, it has been previously reported that TGT is incapable of modifying native DNA. Here we demonstrate that TGT can in fact recognize and label specific DNA substrates. Through iterative testing of rationally mutated DNA hairpin sequences, we determined the minimal sequence requirements for transglycosylation of unmodified DNA by E. coli TGT. Controlling steric constraint in the DNA hairpin dramatically affects labeling efficiency, and, when optimized, can lead to near quantitative site-specific modification. We demonstrate the utility of our newly developed DNA-TAG system by rapidly synthesizing probes for fluorescent Northern blotting of spliceosomal U6 RNA and RNA FISH visualization of the long noncoding RNA, MALAT1. The ease and convenience of the DNA-TAG system will provide researchers with a tool for accessing a wide variety of affordable modified DNA substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tota, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Site-specific Covalent Labeling of DNA Substrates by an RNA Transglycosylase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guide to the construction and use of an adaptive optics two-photon microscope with direct wavefront sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two-photon microscopy, combined with appropriate optical labeling, has enabled the study of structure and function throughout nervous systems. This methodology enables, for example, the measurement and tracking of sub-micrometer structures within brain cells, the spatio-temporal mapping of spikes in individual neurons, and the spatio-temporal mapping of transmitter release in individual synapses. Yet the spatial resolution of two-photon microscopy rapidly degrades as imaging is attempted at depths more than a few scattering lengths into tissue, i.e., below the superficial layers that constitute the top 300 to 400 {micro}m of neocortex. To obviate this limitation, we measure the wavefront at the focus of the excitation beam and utilize adaptive optics that alters the incident wavefront to achieve an improved focal volume. We describe the constructions, calibration, and operation of a two-photon microscopy that incorporates adaptive optics to restore diffraction-limited resolution throughout the nearly 900 {micro}m depth of mouse cortex. Our realization utilizes a guide star formed by excitation of red-shifted dye within the blood serum to directly measure the wavefront. We incorporate predominantly commercial optical, optomechanical, mechanical, and electronic components; computer aided design models of the exceptional custom components are supplied. The design is modular and allows for expanded imaging and optical excitation capabilities. We demonstrate our methodology in mouse neocortex by imaging the morphology of somatostatin-expressing neurons at 700 {micro}m beneath the pia, calcium dynamics of layer 5b projection neurons, and glutamate transmission to L4 neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleninfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thunemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boggini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.525307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guide to the construction and use of an adaptive optics two-photon microscope with direct wavefront sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HAPSTR1 localizes HUWE1 to the nucleus to limit stress signaling pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HUWE1 is a large, enigmatic HECT domain ubiquitin ligase implicated in the regulation of diverse pathways including DNA repair, apoptosis, and differentiation. How HUWE1 engages its structurally diverse substrates and how HUWE1 activity is regulated are unknown. Using unbiased quantitative proteomics, we identify C16orf72/HAPSTR1 as a dedicated HUWE1 substrate despite HUWE1 targeting substrates in a largely cell type-specific manner. The established physical and genetic interactions between HUWE1 and C16orf72/HAPSTR1 suggest that HAPSTR1 positively regulates HUWE1 function. Here, we show that HAPSTR1 is both a HUWE1 substrate and is required for HUWE1 nuclear localization to facilitate HUWE1 nuclear substrate targeting. HUWE1 or HAPSTR1 loss of function triggers a broad transcriptional stress response. We show that nuclear HUWE1 is both critical for modulating stress signaling pathways, which include p53 and NF-{kappa}B-mediated signaling and required for cell proliferation. Combined, our results define a role for HAPSTR1 in gating critical nuclear HUWE1 functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monda, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunkeler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HAPSTR1 localizes HUWE1 to the nucleus to limit stress signaling pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.523509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.523509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an empirically benchmarked framework for sex-specific normative modeling of brain morphometry that can inform about the biological and behavioral significance of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. This framework was developed using regional morphometric data from 37,407 healthy individuals (53% female; aged 3-90 years) following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The Multivariate Factorial Polynomial Regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm optimized using nonlinear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins, and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3,000 study participants. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain (https://centilebrain.org/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modabbernia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>New, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asherson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesa-Arriola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaschewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgwardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrod, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Facorro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crone, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Haan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giorgio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frodl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>G</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.523509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry Across the Lifespan using CentileBrain: Algorithm Benchmarking and Model Optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-genome comparisons identify repeated regulatory changes underlying convergent appendage evolution in diverse fish lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fins are major functional appendages of fish that have been repeatedly modified in different lineages. To search for genomic changes underlying natural fin diversity, we compared the genomes of 36 wild fish species that either have complete or reduced pelvic and caudal fins. We identify 1,614 genomic regions that are well-conserved in fin-complete species but missing from multiple fin-reduced lineages. Recurrent deletions of conserved sequences (CONDELs) in wild fin-reduced species are enriched for functions related to appendage development, suggesting that convergent fin reduction at the organismal level is associated with repeated genomic deletions near fin-appendage development genes. We used sequencing and functional enhancer assays to confirm that PelA, a Pitx1 enhancer previously linked to recurrent pelvic loss in sticklebacks, has also been independently deleted and may have contributed to the fin morphology in distantly related pelvic-reduced species. We also identify a novel enhancer that is conserved in the majority of percomorphs, drives caudal fin expression in transgenic stickleback, is missing in tetraodontiform, syngnathid, and synbranchid species with caudal fin reduction, and which alters caudal fin development when targeted by genome editing. Our study illustrates a general strategy for mapping phenotypes to genotypes across a tree of vertebrate species, and highlights notable new examples of regulatory genomic hotspots that have been used to evolve recurrent phenotypes during 100 million years of fish evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejerano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingsley, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-genome comparisons identify repeated regulatory changes underlying convergent appendage evolution in diverse fish lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BIRDMAn: A Bayesian differential abundance framework that enables robust inference of host-microbe associations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantifying the differential abundance (DA) of specific taxa among experimental groups in microbiome studies is challenging due to data characteristics (e.g., compositionality, sparsity) and specific study designs (e.g., repeated measures, meta-analysis, cross-over). Here we present BIRDMAn (Bayesian Inferential Regression for Differential Microbiome Analysis), a flexible DA method that can account for microbiome data characteristics and diverse experimental designs. Simulations show that BIRDMAn models are robust to uneven sequencing depth and provide a >20-fold improvement in statistical power over existing methods. We then use BIRDMAn to identify antibiotic-mediated perturbations undetected by other DA methods due to subject-level heterogeneity. Finally, we demonstrate how BIRDMAn can construct state-of-the-art cancer-type classifiers using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, with substantial accuracy improvements over random forests and existing DA tools across multiple sequencing centers. Collectively, BIRDMAn extracts more informative biological signals while accounting for study-specific experimental conditions than existing approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepich-Poore, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allaband, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guccione, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BIRDMAn: A Bayesian differential abundance framework that enables robust inference of host-microbe associations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
B3GALT6 Promotes Dormant Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Recurrence by Enabling Heparan Sulfate-Mediated FGF Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer mortality results primarily from incurable recurrent tumors seeded by dormant, therapy-refractory residual tumor cells (RTCs). Understanding the mechanisms enabling dormant RTC survival is therefore essential for improving patient outcomes. We derived a dormancy-associated RTC signature that mirrors the transcriptional response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients and is enriched for extracellular matrix-related pathways. In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screening of dormancy-associated candidate genes identified the galactosyltransferase B3GALT6 as a functional regulator of RTC fitness. B3GALT6 covalently attaches glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to proteins to generate proteoglycans and its germline loss-of-function causes skeletal dysplasias. We determined that B3GALT6-mediated biosynthesis of the GAG heparan sulfate predicts poor patient outcomes, promotes tumor recurrence by enhancing dormant RTC survival in multiple contexts, and does so via a B3GALT6-heparan sulfate/HS6ST1-heparan 6-O-sulfation/FGF1-FGFR2 signaling axis. These findings identify a role for B3GALT6 in cancer and suggest targeting FGF signaling as a novel approach to preventing recurrence by eradicating dormant RTCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sreekumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, T.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterner, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belka, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toriumi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escobar-Aguirre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marino, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chodosh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[B3GALT6 Promotes Dormant Breast Cancer Cell Survival and Recurrence by Enabling Heparan Sulfate-Mediated FGF Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycoproteomic landscape and structural dynamics of TIM family immune checkpoints enabled by mucinase SmE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mucin-domain glycoproteins are densely O-glycosylated and play critical roles in a host of biological functions. In particular, the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing family of proteins (TIM-1, -3, -4) decorate immune cells and act as key checkpoint inhibitors in cancer. However, their dense O-glycosylation remains enigmatic both in terms of glycoproteomic landscape and structural dynamics, primarily due to the challenges associated with studying mucin domains. Here, we present a mucinase (SmE) and demonstrate its ability to selectively cleave along the mucin glycoprotein backbone, similar to others of its kind. Unlike other mucinases, though, SmE harbors the unique ability to cleave at residues bearing extremely complex glycans which enabled improved mass spectrometric analysis of several mucins, including the entire TIM family. With this information in-hand, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TIM-3 and -4 to demonstrate how glycosylation affects structural features of these proteins. Overall, we present a powerful workflow to better understand the detailed molecular structures of the mucinome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chongsaritsinsuk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steigmeyer, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoney, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battison, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollenhorst, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemeyer, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertozzi, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferracane, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malaker, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycoproteomic landscape and structural dynamics of TIM family immune checkpoints enabled by mucinase SmE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Force transmission and SUN-KASH higher-order assembly in the LINC complex models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex comprises SUN (Sad-1 and UNC-84) and KASH (Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology) domain proteins, whose conserved interactions provide a physical coupling between the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton, thereby mediating the transfer of physical forces across the nuclear envelope. The LINC complex can perform distinct cellular functions by pairing various KASH domain proteins with the same SUN domain protein. Recent studies have suggested a higher-order assembly of SUN and KASH instead of a more widely accepted linear trimer model for the LINC complex. In the present study, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanism of force transfer across the two proposed models of LINC complex assembly, namely the 3:3 linear trimer model and the 6:6 higher-order model. Employing steered molecular dynamics simulations with various structures using forces at different rates and directions, we examine the structural stability of the two models under various biologically relevant conditions. Our results suggest that both models can withstand and transfer significant levels of force while retaining their structural integrity. However, the force response of various SUN KASH assemblies depended on the force direction and pulling rates. Slower pulling rates resulted in higher mean square fluctuations of the 3:3 assembly compared to the fast pulling. Interestingly, the 6:6 assembly tends to provide an additional range of motion flexibility and might be more suitable for describing the interaction between SUN and KASH under compressive and shear forces. These findings offer insights into how the SUN and KASH proteins maintain the structural integrity of the nuclear membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yerima, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domkam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mofrad, M. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Force transmission and SUN-KASH higher-order assembly in the LINC complex models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.526066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leveraging type 1 diabetes human genetic and genomic data in the T1D Knowledge Portal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.526066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translating genetic discoveries for type 1 diabetes (T1D) into mechanistic insight can reveal novel biology and therapeutic targets but remains a major challenge. We developed the T1D Knowledge Portal (T1DKP), a disease-specific resource of genetic and functional annotation data that enables users to develop hypotheses for T1D-based research and target discovery. The T1DKP can be used to query genes and genomic regions for genetic associations, identify epigenomic features, access results of bioinformatic analyses, and obtain expert-curated resources. The T1DKP is available at http://t1d.hugeamp.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kudtarkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koesterer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychaleckyj, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onengut-Gumuscu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burtt, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.526066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leveraging type 1 diabetes human genetic and genomic data in the T1D Knowledge Portal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.526994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated map of cell type-specific gene expression in pancreatic islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.526994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic islets are comprised of multiple endocrine cell types that produce hormones required for glucose homeostasis, and islet dysfunction is a major factor in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D). Numerous studies have generated gene expression profiles in individual islet cell types using single cell assays. However, there is no canonical reference of gene expression in islet cell types in both health and disease that is also easily accessible for researchers to access, query, and use in bioinformatics pipelines. Here we present an integrated reference map of islet cell type-specific gene expression from 192,203 cells derived from single cell RNA-seq assays of 65 non-diabetic, T1D autoantibody positive (Aab+), T1D, and T2D donors from the Human Pancreas Analysis Program. We identified 10 endocrine and non-endocrine cell types as well as sub-populations of several cell types, and defined sets of marker genes for each cell type and sub-population. We tested for differential expression within each cell type in T1D Aab+, T1D, and T2D states, and identified 1,701 genes with significant changes in expression in any cell type. Most changes were observed in beta cells in T1D, and, by comparison, there were almost no genes with changes in T1D Aab+. To facilitate user interaction with this reference, we provide the data using several single cell visualization and reference mapping tools as well as open-access analytical pipelines used to create this reference. The results will serve as a valuable resource to investigators studying islet biology and diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elgamal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudtarkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mummey, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.526994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated map of cell type-specific gene expression in pancreatic islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Many, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagendorf, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whytock, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caputo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirshman, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vamvini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergman, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodyear, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortlund, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodine, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newgard, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Study Group, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.527012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing and exploring patterns of large mutational events with SigProfilerMatrixGenerator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAll cancers harbor somatic mutations in their genomes. In principle, mutations affecting between one and fifty base pairs are generally classified as small mutational events. Conversely, large mutational events affect more than fifty base pairs, and, in most cases, they encompass copy-number and structural variants affecting many thousands of base pairs. Prior studies have demonstrated that examining patterns of somatic mutations can be leveraged to provide both biological and clinical insights, thus, resulting in an extensive repertoire of tools for evaluating small mutational events. Recently, classification schemas for examining large-scale mutational events have emerged and shown their utility across the spectrum of human cancers. However, there has been no standard bioinformatics tool that allows visualizing and exploring these large-scale mutational events

ResultsHere, we present a new version of SigProfilerMatrixGenerator that now delivers integrated capabilities for examining large mutational events. The tool provides support for examining copy-number variants and structural variants under two previously developed classification schemas and it supports data from numerous algorithms and data modalities. SigProfilerMatrixGenerator is written in Python with an R wrapper package provided for users that prefer working in an R environment.

ConclusionsThe new version of SigProfilerMatrixGenerator provides the first standardized bioinformatics tool for optimized exploration and visualization of two previously developed classification schemas for copy number and structural variants. The tool is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerMatrixGenerator with an extensive documentation at https://osf.io/s93d5/wiki/home/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.527015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing and exploring patterns of large mutational events with SigProfilerMatrixGenerator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Curing GFP-itis in Bacteria with Base Editors: Development of a Genome Editing Science Program Implemented with High School Biology Students 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The flexibility and precision of CRISPR-Cas9 and related technologies have made these genome editing tools increasingly popular in agriculture, medicine, and basic science research over the past decade. Genome editing will continue to be relevant and utilized across diverse scientific fields in the future. Given this, students should be introduced to genome editing technologies and encouraged to consider their ethical implications early on in pre-college biology curricula. Furthermore, instruction on this topic presents an opportunity to create partnerships between researchers and educators at the K-12 levels that can strengthen student engagement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). To this end, we present a three-day student-centered learning program to introduce high school students to genome editing technologies through a hands-on base editing experiment in E. coli, accompanied by a relevant background lecture and facilitated ethics discussion. This unique partnership aims to educate students and provides a framework for research institutions to implement genome editing outreach programs at local high schools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evanoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranzau, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deters, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komor, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Curing GFP-itis in Bacteria with Base Editors: Development of a Genome Editing Science Program Implemented with High School Biology Students]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the consequences of redirecting an exocytic Rab onto endocytic vesicles. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bidirectional vesicular traffic links compartments along the exocytic and endocytic pathways. Rab GTPases have been implicated in specifying the direction of vesicular transport because anterograde vesicles are marked with a different Rab than retrograde vesicles. To explore this proposal, we sought to redirect an exocytic Rab, Sec4, onto endocytic vesicles by fusing the catalytic domain of the Sec4 GEF, Sec2, onto the CUE localization domain of Vps9, a GEF for the endocytic Rab, Ypt51. The Sec2GEF-GFP-CUE construct was found to localize to bright puncta predominantly near sites of polarized growth and this localization was strongly dependent upon the ability of the CUE domain to bind to the ubiquitin moieties added to the cytoplasmic tails of proteins destined for endocytic internalization. Sec4 and Sec4 effectors were recruited to these puncta with varying efficiency. The puncta appeared to consist of clusters of 80 nm vesicles and although the puncta are largely static, FRAP analysis suggests that traffic into and out of these clusters continues. Cells expressing Sec2GEF-GFP-CUE grew surprisingly well and secreted protein at near normal efficiency, implying that Golgi derived secretory vesicles were delivered to polarized sites of cell growth, where they tethered and fused with the plasma membrane despite the misdirection of Sec4 and its effectors. In total, the results suggest that while Rabs play a critical role in regulating vesicular transport, cells are remarkably tolerant of Rab misdirection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Novick, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the consequences of redirecting an exocytic Rab onto endocytic vesicles.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.14.528391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generative Molecular Design and Experimental Validation of Selective Histamine H1 Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.14.528391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Generative molecular design (GMD) is an increasingly popular strategy for drug discovery, using machine learning models to propose, evaluate and optimize chemical structures against a set of target design criteria. We present the ATOM-GMD platform, a scalable multiprocessing framework to optimize many parameters simultaneously over large populations of proposed molecules. ATOM-GMD uses a junction tree variational autoencoder mapping structures to latent vectors, along with a genetic algorithm operating on latent vector elements, to search a diverse molecular space for compounds that meet the design criteria. We used the ATOM-GMD framework in a lead optimization case study to develop potent and selective histamine H1 receptor antagonists. We synthesized 103 of the top scoring compounds and measured their properties experimentally. Six of the tested compounds bind H1 with Kis between 10 and 100 nM and are at least 100-fold selective relative to muscarinic M2 receptors, validating the effectiveness of our GMD approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLoughlin, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mast, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucci, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osswald, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zegelman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennion, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brase, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.14.528391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generative Molecular Design and Experimental Validation of Selective Histamine H1 Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective loss of specific subsets of hair cell and spiral ganglion cell types in an outbred mouse model of age-related hearing loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common cause of hearing loss and one of the most prevalent conditions affecting the elderly worldwide. Despite evidence from our lab and others about its polygenic nature, little is known about the specific genes, cell types and pathways involved in ARHL, impeding the development of therapeutic interventions. In this manuscript, we describe, for the first time, the complete cell-type specific transcriptome of the aging mouse cochlea using snRNA-seq in an outbred mouse model in relation to auditory threshold variation. Cochlear cell types were identified using unsupervised clustering and annotated via a three-tiered approach - first by linking to expression of known marker genes, then using the NS-Forest algorithm to select minimum cluster-specific marker genes and reduce dimensional feature space for statistical comparison of our clusters with existing publicly-available data sets on the gEAR website (https://umgear.org/), and finally, by validating and refining the annotations using Multiplexed Error Robust Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (MERFISH) and the cluster-specific marker genes as probes. We report on 60 unique cell-types expanding the number of defined cochlear cell types by more than two times. Importantly, we show significant specific cell type increases and decreases associated with loss of hearing acuity implicating specific subsets of hair cell subtypes, ganglion cell subtypes, and cell subtypes withing the stria vascularis in this model of ARHL. These results provide a view into the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for age-related hearing loss and pathways for therapeutic targeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boussaty, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tedeschi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novotny, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninoyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective loss of specific subsets of hair cell and spiral ganglion cell types in an outbred mouse model of age-related hearing loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redox Regulation of m6A Methyltransferase METTL3 in Human β-cells Controls the Innate Immune Response in Type 1 Diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing {beta}-cells. Several observations have renewed interest in the innate immune system as an initiator of the disease process against {beta}-cells. Here, we show that N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is an adaptive {beta}-cell safeguard mechanism that accelerates mRNA decay of the 2-5-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) genes to control the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. m6A writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in human and mouse {beta}-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. Treatment of human islets and EndoC-{beta}H1 cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 {beta} and interferon  mimicked the METTL3 upregulation seen at T1D onset. Furthermore, m6A-sequencing revealed the m6A hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators including OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3 in human islets and EndoC-{beta}H1 cells challenged with cytokines. METTL3 silencing in human pseudoislets or EndoC-{beta}H1 cells enhanced OAS levels by increasing its mRNA stability upon cytokine challenge. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy, to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in {beta}-cells, delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D by limiting the upregulation of Oas pointing to potential therapeutic relevance. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked METTL3 upregulation in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide promoted its expression in human islets. Furthermore, for the first time to our knowledge, we show that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domain of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation (SNO) and are significant for the METTL3 mediated regulation of OAS mRNA stability in human {beta}-cells in response to cytokines. Collectively, we report that m6A regulates human and mouse {beta}-cells to control the innate immune response during the onset of T1D and propose targeting METTL3 to prevent {beta}-cell death in T1D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Jesus, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaffrey, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basile, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powers, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eizirik, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhe-Paganon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parent, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redox Regulation of m6A Methyltransferase METTL3 in Human β-cells Controls the Innate Immune Response in Type 1 Diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.529036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking and curating putative SARS-CoV-2 recombinants with RIVET 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.529036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying and tracking recombinant strains of SARS-CoV-2 is critical to understanding the evolution of the virus and controlling its spread. But confidently identifying SARS-CoV-2 recombinants from thousands of new genome sequences that are being shared online every day is quite challenging, causing many recombinants to be missed or suffer from weeks of delay in being formally identified while undergoing expert curation. We present RIVET - a software pipeline and visual platform that takes advantage of recent algorithmic advances in recombination inference to comprehensively and sensitively search for potential SARS-CoV-2 recombinants, and organizes the relevant information in a web interface that would help greatly accelerate the process identifying and tracking recombinants.

Availability and ImplementationRIVET-based web interface displaying the most updated analysis of potential SARS-CoV-2 recombinants is available at https://rivet.ucsd.edu/. RIVETs frontend and backend code is freely available under MIT license at https://github.com/TurakhiaLab/rivet. All inputs necessary for running the RIVETs backend workflow for SARS-CoV-2 are available through a public database maintained by UCSC (https://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/wuhCor1/UShER_SARS-CoV-2/).

Contactyturakhia@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.529036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking and curating putative SARS-CoV-2 recombinants with RIVET]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Next-generation CRISPR gene-drive systems using Cas12a nuclease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One method for reducing the impact of vector-borne diseases is through the use of CRISPR-based gene drives, which manipulate insect populations due to their ability to rapidly propagate desired genetic traits into a target population. However, all current gene drives employ a Cas9 nuclease that is constitutively active, impeding our control over their propagation abilities and limiting the generation of novel gene drive arrangements. Yet, other nucleases such as the temperature-sensitive Cas12a have not been explored for gene drive designs. To address this, we herein present a proof-of-concept gene-drive system driven by Cas12a that can be regulated via temperature modulation. Furthermore, we combined Cas9 and Cas12a to build double gene drives capable of simultaneously spreading two independent engineered alleles. The development of Cas12a-mediated gene drives provides an innovative option for designing next-generation vector control strategies to combat disease vectors and agricultural pests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanz Juste, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Amo, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Next-generation CRISPR gene-drive systems using Cas12a nuclease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome allocation is linked to transcriptional regulation through a modularized transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has proved challenging to quantitatively relate the proteome to the transcriptome on a per-gene basis. Recent advances in data analytics have enabled a biologically meaningful modularization of the bacterial transcriptome. We thus investigated whether matched datasets of transcriptomes and proteomes from bacteria under diverse conditions could be modularized in the same way to reveal novel relationships between their compositions. We found that; 1) the modules of the proteome and the transcriptome are comprised of a similar list of gene products, 2) the modules in the proteome often represent combinations of modules from the transcriptome, 3) known transcriptional and post-translational regulation is reflected in differences between two sets of modules, allowing for knowledge-mapping when interpreting module functions, and 4) through statistical modeling, absolute proteome allocation can be inferred from the transcriptome alone. Quantitative and knowledge-based relationships can thus be found at the genome-scale between the proteome and transcriptome in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrosso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campeau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome allocation is linked to transcriptional regulation through a modularized transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Release of extracellular matrix components after human traumatic brain injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most research on the evolution of damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) focuses on cellular effects, but the analysis of human tissue slices and animal research have shown that TBI causes concomitant damage in the extracellular matrix, which can play a significant role in both short-term consequences such as edema, and late effects such as post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). To test the hypothesis that traumatic brain injury (TBI) in human patients causes disruption of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) in the extracellular matrix, we measured levels of these substances in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with severe TBI in the acute post-injury period, along with concomitant levels in blood and urine. We assessed whether levels corresponded to parenchymal injury load, distance of traumatic brain lesions from the ventricle, presence of polytrauma, or host demographic factors.

MethodsSamples of CSF, blood, and urine were obtained within 72 hours of injury in patients who received external ventricular drains as part of their treatment of severe TBI, and levels of chondroitin and heparan sGAGs were measured, along with their disaccharide constituents. Basic demographic information, presence and severity of polytrauma, brain injury load based on imaging findings, and distance of radiologically visible parenchymal injury from the ventricle were analyzed for correlation with total subtype sGAG levels in each patient.

ResultsLevels were measured in 14 patients ranging in age from 17-90 years. CSF sGAG levels were variable among patients, and sGAG levels were higher in plasma than in CSF and variable in urine. Patients with polytrauma had non-significantly higher blood sGAG compared to patients with isolated head injury. Subcategories of CSF sGAG levels correlated with distance from the ventricle of parenchymal injury but not with brain injury load, which may reflect rapid metabolism in the parenchyma, contamination by blood, or bulk directional CSF flow from the ventricle to the subarachnoid space.

ConclusionThis study is the first to measure sGAG levels in ventricular CSF and also provides the first measurements in patients with TBI. Damage to the extracellular matrix may play a major role in acute and chronic injury sequelae, and these data demonstrate elevation locally of intracranial sGAGS after severe TBI and also suggest rapid local metabolism of these breakdown products. The consequences of extracellular matrix breakdown may provide unique therapeutic and preventive avenues to mitigate post-injury sequelae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bambrick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Toledo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staley, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhaime, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Release of extracellular matrix components after human traumatic brain injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.530029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 'Senses' CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Activation Through GPCR Kinase Phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.530029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) is an arrestin-biased receptor that regulates extracellular chemokine levels through scavenging. The scavenging action mediates the availability of the chemokine CXCL12 for the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR4 and requires phosphorylation of the ACKR3 C-terminus by GPCR kinases (GRKs). ACKR3 is phosphorylated by GRK2 and GRK5, but the mechanisms by which these kinases regulate the receptor are unresolved. Here we mapped the phosphorylation patterns and determined that GRK5 phosphorylation of ACKR3 dominates {beta}-arrestin recruitment and chemokine scavenging over GRK2. Co-activation of CXCR4 significantly enhanced phosphorylation by GRK2 through the liberation of G{beta}{gamma}. These results suggest that ACKR3  senses CXCR4 activation through a GRK2-dependent crosstalk mechanism. Surprisingly, we also found that despite the requirement for phosphorylation, and the fact that most ligands promote {beta}-arrestin recruitment, {beta}-arrestins are dispensable for ACKR3 internalization and scavenging, suggesting a yet to be determined function for these adapter proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schafer, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesmer, J. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.25.530029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 'Senses' CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Activation Through GPCR Kinase Phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small Molecule in situ Resin Capture - an Organism Independent Strategy for Natural Product Discovery. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial natural products remain an important resource for drug discovery. Yet, commonly employed discovery techniques are plagued by the rediscovery of known compounds, the relatively few microbes that can be cultured, and laboratory growth conditions that do not elicit biosynthetic gene expression among myriad other challenges. Here we introduce a culture independent approach to natural product discovery that we call the Small Molecule In situ Resin Capture (SMIRC) technique. SMIRC exploits in situ environmental conditions to elicit compound production and represents a new approach to access poorly explored chemical space by capturing natural products directly from the environments in which they are produced. In contrast to traditional methods, this compound-first approach can capture structurally complex small molecules across all domains of life in a single deployment while relying on Nature to provide the complex and poorly understood environmental cues needed to elicit biosynthetic gene expression. We illustrate the effectiveness of SMIRC in marine habitats with the discovery of numerous new compounds and demonstrate that sufficient compound yields can be obtained for NMR-based structure assignment. Two new compound classes are reported including one novel carbon skeleton that possesses a functional group not previously observed among natural products and a second that possesses potent biological activity. We introduce expanded deployments, in situ cultivation, and metagenomics as methods to facilitate compound discovery, enhance yields, and link compounds to producing organisms. This compound first approach can provide unprecedented access to new natural product chemotypes with broad implications for drug discovery.

Significance StatementPharmaceutically relevant microbial natural products have traditionally been discovered using a  microbe-first approach in which bioassays are used to guide the isolation of active compounds from crude culture extracts. While once productive, it is now widely recognized that this approach fails to access the vast chemical space predicted from microbial genomes. Here, we report a new approach to natural product discovery in which compounds are captured directly from the environments in which they are produced. We demonstrate the applications of this technique with the isolation and identification of both known and new compounds including several that possess new carbon skeletons and one with promising biological activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bogdanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salib, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammerlindl, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muskat, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedtke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altschuler, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinski, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small Molecule in situ Resin Capture - an Organism Independent Strategy for Natural Product Discovery.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD4+ T cells display a spectrum of recall dynamics during re-infection with malaria parasites. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Children in malaria-endemic regions can experience multiple Plasmodium infections over a short period of time, with in vitro CD4+ T cell recall responses becoming more regulatory with increasing age and exposure. This suggests that repeated infection qualitatively changes CD4+ T cells, although the heterogeneity and dynamics of these responses await systematic analysis in vivo. Here, we examined TCR transgenic PbTII and polyclonal CD4+ T cells during Plasmodium re-infection in mice, in conjunction with scRNA-seq/TCR-seq and spatial transcriptomics at near single-cell resolution. PbTII cells gave rise to multiple antigen-experienced states in different areas of the spleen after primary infection and antimalarial treatment, including ongoing GC responses and T-cell zone memory. Upon re-infection, Th1-memory PbTII cells initiated a rapid effector response prior to proliferating, while GC Tfh cells of the same antigen specificity were entirely refractory within the same organ. Transcriptome dynamic modelling and network analysis of Th1 recall revealed a biphasic wave of RNA processing that firstly preceded immune effector transcription, and later accompanied cellular proliferation. Importantly, Th1 recall constituted a partial facsimile of primary Th1 responses, with no unique genes amongst the small subset of those upregulated upon re-infection. Finally, we noted a similar spectrum of antigen-experienced states and recall dynamics by polyclonal CD4+ T cells with diverse TCRs. Therefore, during re-infection with Plasmodium, persisting GC Tfh cells remained unaltered transcriptionally, Tcm/Tfh-like cells exhibited minimal proliferation, and Th1-memory cells displayed a rapid, proliferating IL-10-producing Tr1 response consistent with a shift towards immune-regulation. These data highlight a broad spectrum of simultaneous CD4+ T cell responses that occur in the spleen during re-infection with malaria parasites.

HighlightsO_LISplenic TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells are highly heterogeneous prior to re-infection.
C_LIO_LIPersisting GC Tfh cells are refractory to re-activation during re-infection.
C_LIO_LITh1-memory cells rapidly upregulate RNA processing prior to effector function and proliferation.
C_LIO_LITh1-recall is an imperfect but faithful facsimile of primary Th1 responses.
C_LIO_LIA spectrum of recall states is observed in polyclonal CD4+ T cells with diverse TCRs.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, M. d. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, O. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asatsuma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramhall, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soon, M. S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrera, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nideffer, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagannathan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD4+ T cells display a spectrum of recall dynamics during re-infection with malaria parasites.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.04.531104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light-Guided Rabies Virus Tracing for Neural Circuit Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.04.531104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal tracing methods are essential tools to understand the fundamental architecture of neural circuits and their connection to the overall functional behavior of the brain. Viral vectors used to map these transsynaptic connections are capable of cell-type-specific and directional-specific labeling of the neuronal connections. Herein, we describe a novel approach to guide the transsynaptic spreading of the Rabies Virus (RV) retrograde tracer using light. We built a Baculovirus (BV) as a helper virus to deliver all the functional components necessary and sufficient for a nontoxic RV to spread from neuron to neuron, with a light-actuated gene switch to control the RV polymerase, the L gene. This design should allow for precisely controlled polysynaptic viral tracing with minimal viral toxicity. To use this system in a highly scalable and automated manner, we built optoelectronics for controlling this system in vitro with a large field of view using an off-the-shelf CMOS sensor, OLED display panel, and microcontrollers. We describe the assembly of these genetic circuits using the uLoop DNA assembly method and a library of genetic parts designed for the uLoop system. Combining these tools provides a framework for increasing the capabilities of nontoxic tracing through multiple synapses and increasing the throughput of neural tracing using viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngamkanjanarat, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyriakakis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.04.531104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light-Guided Rabies Virus Tracing for Neural Circuit Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.04.531117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin binding by HORMAD proteins regulates meiotic recombination initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.04.531117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The meiotic chromosome axis coordinates chromosome organization and interhomolog recombination in meiotic prophase and is essential for fertility. In S. cerevisiae, the HORMAD protein Hop1 mediates enrichment of axis proteins at nucleosome-rich genomic islands through a central chromatin-binding region (CBR). Here, we use cryoelectron microscopy to show that the Hop1 CBR directly recognizes bent nucleosomal DNA through a composite interface in its PHD and winged helix-turn-helix domains. Targeted disruption of the Hop1 CBR-nucleosome interface causes loss of axis proteins from nucleosome-rich islands, reduces meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and leads to defects in chromosome synapsis. Synthetic effects with the disassemblase Pch2 suggest that nucleosome binding delays a conformational switch in Hop1 from a DSB-promoting, Pch2-inaccessible state to a DSB-inactive, Pch2-accessible state to regulate the extent of meiotic DSB formation. Phylogenetic analyses of meiotic HORMADs reveal an ancient origin of this domain, suggesting that these mechanisms are broadly conserved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Milano, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ur, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tromer, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochwagen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.04.531117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin binding by HORMAD proteins regulates meiotic recombination initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted Phasing of 2-200 Kilobase DNA Fragments with a Short-Read Sequencer and a Single-Tube Linked-Read Library Method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the human genome, heterozygous sites are genomic positions with different alleles inherited from each parent. On average, there is a heterozygous site every 1-2 kilobases (kb). Resolving whether two alleles in neighboring heterozygous positions are physically linked--that is, phased--is possible with a short-read sequencer if the sequencing library captures long-range information. TELL-Seq is a library preparation method based on millions of barcoded micro-sized beads that enables instrument-free phasing of a whole human genome in a single PCR tube. TELL-Seq incorporates a unique molecular identifier (barcode) to the short reads generated from the same high-molecular-weight (HMW) DNA fragment (known as  linked-reads). However, genome-scale TELL-Seq is not cost-effective for applications focusing on a single locus or a few loci. Here, we present an optimized TELL-Seq protocol that enables the cost-effective phasing of enriched loci (targets) of varying sizes, purity levels, and heterozygosity. Targeted TELL-Seq maximizes linked-read efficiency and library yield while minimizing input requirements, fragment collisions on microbeads, and sequencing burden. To validate the targeted protocol, we phased seven 180-200 kb loci enriched by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated excision coupled with pulse-field electrophoresis, four 20 kb loci enriched by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated protection from exonuclease digestion, and six 2-13 kb loci amplified by PCR. The selected targets have clinical and research relevance (BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, APC, PMS2, SCN5A-SCN10A, and PKI3CA). These analyses reveal that targeted TELL-Seq provides a reliable way of phasing allelic variants within targets (2-200 kb in length) with the low cost and high accuracy of short-read sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mikhaylov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rzepka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Agustin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boles, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Bassets, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted Phasing of 2-200 Kilobase DNA Fragments with a Short-Read Sequencer and a Single-Tube Linked-Read Library Method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FBP1 is a nonenzymatic safety valve that curtails AKT activation to prevent insulin hyperresponsiveness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis and stimulates glucose conversion to glycogen and lipids. How these activities are coordinated to prevent hypoglycemia and hepatosteatosis is not clear. Fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase (FBP1) is rate controlling for gluconeogenesis. However, inborn human FBP1 deficiency does not cause hypoglycemia unless accompanied by fasting or starvation, which also trigger paradoxical hepatomegaly, hepatosteatosis, and hyperlipidemia in affected individuals. Hepatocyte FBP1-ablated mice exhibit identical fasting-conditional pathologies along with AKT hyperactivation, whose inhibition reversed hepatomegaly, hepatosteatosis and hyperlipidemia but not hypoglycemia. Surprisingly, fasting-mediated AKT hyperactivation is insulin-dependent. FBP1 prevents insulin hyperresponsiveness, independently of its catalytic activity, by interacting with AKT, PP2A-C and Aldolase-B (ALDOB) to specifically accelerate AKT dephosphorylation. Enhanced by fasting and weakened by elevated insulin, FBP1:AKT:PP2A-C:ALDOB complex formation, which is disrupted by human FBP1 deficiency mutations or a C-terminal FBP1 truncation, prevents insulin-triggered liver pathologies and maintains lipid and glucose homeostasis. Conversely, a complex disrupting peptide reverses diet-induced insulin resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha, K. C. e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wierzbicki, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kisseleva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltiel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FBP1 is a nonenzymatic safety valve that curtails AKT activation to prevent insulin hyperresponsiveness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrahub - Multimodal Zebrafish Developmental Atlas Reveals the State Transition Dynamics of Late Vertebrate Pluripotent Axial Progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elucidating the developmental processes of organisms requires a comprehensive understanding of cellular lineages in the spatial, temporal, and molecular domains. In this study, we introduce Zebrahub, a dynamic atlas of zebrafish embryonic development that integrates single-cell sequencing time course data with lineage reconstructions facilitated by light-sheet microscopy. This atlas offers high-resolution and in-depth molecular insights into zebrafish development, achieved through the sequencing of individual embryos across ten developmental stages, complemented by trajectory reconstructions. Zebrahub also incorporates an interactive tool to navigate the complex cellular flows and lineages derived from light-sheet microscopy data, enabling in silico fate mapping experiments. To demonstrate the versatility of our multi-modal resource, we utilize Zebrahub to provide fresh insights into the pluripotency of Neuro-Mesodermal Progenitors (NMPs). Our publicly accessible web-based platform, Zebrahub, is a foundational resource for studying developmental processes at both transcriptional and spatiotemporal levels, providing researchers with an integrated approach to exploring and analyzing the complexities of cellular lineages during zebrafish embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lange, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granados, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VijayKumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bragantini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ancheta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santhosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borja, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGeever, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solak, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detweiler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekonen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awayan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'souza, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dizeux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pourquie, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Sjoberg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royer, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrahub - Multimodal Zebrafish Developmental Atlas Reveals the State Transition Dynamics of Late Vertebrate Pluripotent Axial Progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical transmission of Dengue Virus by Aedes aegypti may influence disease transmission dynamics during outbreaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The escalating number of dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks and their worldwide spread pose a major threat to global public health. DENV transmission dynamics significantly influence outbreak duration and magnitude. Conventional DENV transmission requires an incubation period between mosquitoes biting infected humans and the mosquitoes becoming infectious. However, the possibility of immediate, mechanical transmission of DENV without viral replication in the mosquito has received little attention despite its potential importance.

Here, we show that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can mechanically transmit DENV to susceptible mice immediately after biting infected mice without the need for an incubation period. By incorporating parameters from our experiments into a newly developed mathematical model, we found a significant impact on DENV outbreak characteristics.

Mechanical transmission may amplify existing disease transmission routes and influence outbreak dynamics. Our findings have implications for vector control strategies that target mosquito lifespan and suggest the possibility of similar mechanical transmission routes in other disease-carrying mosquitoes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsou, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yueh, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical transmission of Dengue Virus by Aedes aegypti may influence disease transmission dynamics during outbreaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic changes in pallidostriatal circuits observed in parkinsonian model triggers abnormal beta synchrony with accurate spatio-temporal properties across the basal ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excessive oscillatory activity across basal ganglia (BG) nuclei in the {beta} frequencies (12-30Hz) is a hallmark of Parkinsons disease (PD). While the link between oscillations and symptoms remains debated, exaggerated {beta} oscillations constitute an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness in PD. The neuronal mechanisms of {beta}-oscillation generation however remain unknown. Many existing models rely on a central role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or cortical inputs to BG. Contrarily, neural recordings and optogenetic manipulations in normal and parkinsonian rats recently highlighted the central role of the external pallidum (GPe) in abnormal {beta} oscillations, while showing that the integrity of STN or motor cortex is not required. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms for the generation of abnormal {beta} oscillations in a BG network model where neuronal and synaptic time constants, connectivity, and firing rate distributions are strongly constrained by experimental data. Guided by a mean-field approach, we show in a spiking neural network that several BG sub-circuits can drive oscillations. Strong recurrent STN-GPe connections or collateral intra-GPe connections drive gamma oscillations (> 40Hz), whereas strong pallidostriatal loops drive low-{beta} (10-15Hz) oscillations. We show that pathophysiological strengthening of striatal and pallidal synapses following dopamine depletion leads to the emergence of synchronized oscillatory activity in the mid-{beta} range with spike-phase relationships between BG neuronal populations in-line with experiments. Furthermore, inhibition of GPe, contrary to STN, abolishes oscillations. Our modeling study uncovers the neural mechanisms underlying PD {beta} oscillations and may thereby guide the future development of therapeutic strategies.

Significance statementIn Parkinsons disease, neural activity in subcortical nuclei called the basal ganglia displays abnormal oscillatory synchronization that constitutes an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness. The neural mechanisms for the generation of these oscillations remain unknown. Here, in a theoretical neuronal network model strongly constrained by anatomical and physiological data, we show that specific circuit modifications in basal ganglia connectivity during Parkinsons disease lead to the emergence of synchronized oscillatory activity in the network with properties that strongly agree with available experimental evidence. This and future theoretical investigations of the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal neuronal activity in Parkinsons disease are necessary to guide the future development of therapeutic strategies to ameliorate symptoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Azizpour Lindi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallet, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leblois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic changes in pallidostriatal circuits observed in parkinsonian model triggers abnormal beta synchrony with accurate spatio-temporal properties across the basal ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Activity Relationships, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microtubule-Active 1,2,4-Triazolopyrimidines as Potential Candidates to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tubulin and microtubules (MTs) are potential protein targets to treat parasitic infections and our previous studies have shown that the triazolopyrimidine (TPD) class of MT- active compounds hold promise as antitrypanosomal agents. MT-targeting TPDs include structurally related but functionally diverse congeners that interact with mammalian tubulin at either one or two distinct interfacial binding sites; namely, the seventh and vinca sites, which are found within or between ,{beta}-tubulin heterodimers, respectively. Evaluation of the activity of 123 TPD congeners against cultured Trypanosoma brucei enabled a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and the prioritization of two congeners for in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and efficacy studies. Treatment of T. brucei-infected mice with tolerable doses of TPDs 3 and 4 significantly decreased blood parasitemia within 24 h. Further, two once-weekly doses of 4 at 10 mg/kg significantly extended the survival of infected mice relative to infected animals treated with vehicle. Further optimization of dosing and/or the dosing schedule of these CNS-active TPDs may provide alternative treatments for human African trypanosomiasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varricchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bem-Shalom, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunden, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballatore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.11.532093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Activity Relationships, Tolerability and Efficacy of Microtubule-Active 1,2,4-Triazolopyrimidines as Potential Candidates to Treat Human African Trypanosomiasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Living Organoid Biobank of Crohn's Disease Patients Reveals Molecular Subtypes for Personalized Therapeutics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACT (Structured)Crohns disease (CD) is a complex, clinically heterogeneous disease of multifactorial origin; there is no perfect pre-clinical model, little insight into the basis for such heterogeneity, and still no cure. To address these unmet needs, we sought to explore the translational potential of adult stem cell-derived organoids that not only retain their tissue identity, but also their genetic and epigenetic disease-driving traits. We prospectively created a biobank of CD patient-derived organoid cultures (PDOs) using biopsied tissues from colons of 34 consecutive subjects representing all clinical subtypes (Montreal Classification B1-B3 and perianal disease). PDOs were generated also from healthy subjects. Comparative gene expression analyses enabled benchmarking of PDOs as tools for modeling the colonic epithelium in active disease and revealed that despite the clinical heterogeneity there are two major molecular subtypes: immune-deficient infectious-CD [IDICD] and stress and senescence-induced fibrostenotic-CD [S2FCD]. The transcriptome, genome and phenome show a surprising degree of internal consistency within each molecular subtype. The spectrum of morphometric, phenotypic, and functional changes within the "living biobank" reveals distinct differences between the molecular subtypes. These insights enabled drug screens that reversed subtype-specific phenotypes, e.g., impaired microbial clearance in IDICD was reversed using agonists for nuclear receptors, and senescence in S2FCD was rectified using senotherapeutics, but not vice versa. Phenotyped-genotyped CD-PDOs may fill the gap between basic biology and patient trials by enabling pre-clinical Phase  0 human trials for personalized therapeutics.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/532245v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1edcea0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@198a3c8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@28d394org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5a9dbb_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG In BriefThis work creates a prospectively biobanked phenotyped-genotyped Crohns disease patient-derived organoids (CD-PDOs) as platforms for molecular subtyping of disease and for ushering personalized therapeutics.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIProspectively biobanked CD-organoids recapitulate the disease epithelium in patients
C_LIO_LIThe phenome-transcriptome-genome of CD-organoids converge on two molecular subtypes
C_LIO_LIOne subtype shows impaired microbial clearance, another increased cellular senescence
C_LIO_LIPhenotyped-genotyped PDOs are then used for integrative and personalized therapeutics
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maity, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidales, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pranadinata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stec, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandborn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.11.532245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Living Organoid Biobank of Crohn's Disease Patients Reveals Molecular Subtypes for Personalized Therapeutics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The landscape of cancer rewired GPCR signaling axes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We explored the dysregulation of GPCR ligand signaling systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes, which revealed that multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes. We showed that biosynthetic pathway enrichment from enzyme expression recapitulated pathway activity signatures from metabolomics datasets, providing valuable surrogate information for GPCRs responding to organic ligands. We found that several GPCRs signaling components were significantly associated with patient survival in a cancer type-specific fashion. The expression of both receptor-ligand (or enzymes) partners improved patient stratification, suggesting a synergistic role for the activation of GPCR networks in modulating cancer phenotypes. Remarkably, we identified many such axes across several cancer molecular subtypes, including many pairs involving receptor- biosynthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters. We found that GPCRs from these actionable axes, including e.g., muscarinic, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and chemokine receptors, are the targets of multiple drugs displaying anti-growth effects in large-scale, cancer cell drug screens. We have made the results generated in this study freely available through a webapp (gpcrcanceraxes.bioinfolab.sns.it).

SignificanceComprehensive analysis of GPCR extracellular network in cancer transcriptomics datasets reveals signaling axes associated to patient survival, whose targeting is associated with growth inhibition in cancer cell lines drug sensitivity assays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raimondi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosa, N. D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemati, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clubb, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kargas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vukotic, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licata, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The landscape of cancer rewired GPCR signaling axes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner membrane lipidome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cristae are high curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping proteins have been defined, analogous mechanisms for lipids have yet to be elucidated. Here we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi-scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the IMM against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein-mediated curvatures. The model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that CL is essential in low oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of CL is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.

SynopsisO_LIcritical lipidic breakpoint for yeast mitochondria phenocopies the loss of cristae-shaping proteins in the IMM.
C_LIO_LIsaturation controls membrane mechanical properties and modulates ATP synthase oligomerization.
C_LIO_LImitochondrial-specific lipid cardiolipin can functionally compensate for increased phospholipid saturation and is required for cristae formation in low oxygen environments.
C_LIO_LImathematical model for cristae membrane tubules predicts a snapthrough instability mediated by both protein and lipid-encoded curvatures.
C_LI

Synopsis Figure

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Venkatraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahapatra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasolli, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott-Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cristae formation is a mechanical buckling event controlled by the inner membrane lipidome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.532226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-residue mutation in protein kinase C toggles between cancer and neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.532226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conventional protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes tune the signaling output of cells, with loss-of-function somatic mutations associated with cancer and gain-of-function germline mutations identified in neurodegeneration. PKC with impaired autoinhibition is removed from the cell by quality-control mechanisms to prevent accumulation of aberrantly active enzyme. Here, we examine how a single residue in the C1A domain of PKC{beta}, arginine 42 (R42), permits quality-control degradation when mutated to histidine in cancer (R42H) and blocks downregulation when mutated to proline in the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia (R42P). Using FRET-based biosensors, we determined that mutation of R42 to any residue, including lysine, resulted in reduced autoinhibition as indicated by higher basal activity and faster agonist-induced plasma membrane translocation. R42 is predicted to form a stabilizing salt bridge with E655 in the C-tail and mutation of E655, but not neighboring E657, also reduced autoinhibition. Western blot analysis revealed that whereas R42H had reduced stability, the R42P mutant was stable and insensitive to activator-induced ubiquitination and downregulation, an effect previously observed by deletion of the entire C1A domain. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and analysis of stable regions of the domain using local spatial pattern (LSP) alignment suggested that P42 interacts with Q66 to impair mobility and conformation of one of the ligand-binding loops. Additional mutation of Q66 to the smaller asparagine (R42P/Q66N), to remove conformational constraints, restored degradation sensitivity to that of WT. Our results unveil how disease-associated mutations of the same residue in the C1A domain can toggle between gain- or loss-of-function of PKC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornev, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.16.532226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-residue mutation in protein kinase C toggles between cancer and neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiomic Analysis of Intercellular Communication through Tumor-Stroma Tunnels in Breast Cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer commonly disseminates to bone marrow, where interactions with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) shape disease trajectory. We modeled these interactions with tumor-MSC co-cultures and used an integrated transcriptome-proteome-network-analyses workflow to identify a comprehensive catalog of contact-induced changes. Conditioned media from MSCs failed to recapitulate genes and proteins, some borrowed and others tumor-intrinsic, induced in cancer cells by direct contact. Protein-protein interaction networks revealed the rich connectome between  borrowed and  intrinsic components. Bioinformatics prioritized one of the  borrowed components, CCDC88A/GIV, a multi-modular metastasis-related protein that has recently been implicated in driving a hallmark of cancer, growth signaling autonomy. MSCs transferred GIV protein to ER+ breast cancer cells (that lack GIV) through tunnelling nanotubes via connexin (Cx)43-facilitated intercellular transport. Reinstating GIV alone in GIV-negative breast cancer cells reproduced [~]20% of both the  borrowed and the  intrinsic gene induction patterns from contact co-cultures; conferred resistance to anti-estrogen drugs; and enhanced tumor dissemination. Findings provide a multiomic insight into MSC[-&gt;]tumor cell intercellular transport and validate how transport of one such candidate, GIV, from the haves (MSCs) to have-nots (ER+ breast cancer) orchestrates aggressive disease states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farfel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buschhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luker, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiomic Analysis of Intercellular Communication through Tumor-Stroma Tunnels in Breast Cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clonal associations of lymphocyte subsets and functional states revealed by single cell antigen receptor profiling of T and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.533282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease initiated by antigen-specific T cells and B cells, which promote synovial inflammation through a complex set of interactions with innate immune and stromal cells. To better understand the phenotypes and clonal relationships of synovial T and B cells, we performed single-cell RNA and repertoire sequencing on paired synovial tissue and peripheral blood samples from 12 donors with seropositive RA ranging from early to chronic disease. Paired transcriptomic-repertoire analyses highlighted 3 clonally distinct CD4 T cells populations that were enriched in RA synovium: T peripheral helper (Tph) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, CCL5+ T cells, and T regulatory cells (Tregs). Among these cells, Tph cells showed a unique transcriptomic signature of recent T cell receptor (TCR) activation, and clonally expanded Tph cells expressed an elevated transcriptomic effector signature compared to non-expanded Tph cells. CD8 T cells showed higher oligoclonality than CD4 T cells, and the largest CD8 T cell clones in synovium were highly enriched in GZMK+ cells. TCR analyses revealed CD8 T cells with likely viral-reactive TCRs distributed across transcriptomic clusters and definitively identified MAIT cells in synovium, which showed transcriptomic features of TCR activation. Among B cells, non-naive B cells including age-associated B cells (ABC), NR4A1+ activated B cells, and plasma cells, were enriched in synovium and had higher somatic hypermutation rates compared to blood B cells. Synovial B cells demonstrated substantial clonal expansion, with ABC, memory, and activated B cells clonally linked to synovial plasma cells. Together, these results reveal clonal relationships between functionally distinct lymphocyte populations that infiltrate RA synovium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dunlap, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meednu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Accelerating Medicines Partnership Program: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (A,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bykerk, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donlin, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holers, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabechian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitzalis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anolik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.533282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clonal associations of lymphocyte subsets and functional states revealed by single cell antigen receptor profiling of T and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: The METS-Microbiome Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship between the gut microbiota, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism, and obesity remains unclear due to conflicting reports from studies with limited statistical power. Additionally, this association has rarely been explored in large scale diverse populations. Here, we investigated associations between fecal microbial composition, predicted metabolic potential, SCFA concentrations, and obesity in a large (N = 1,934) adult cohort of African-origin spanning the epidemiologic transition, from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the United States (US). The greatest gut microbiota diversity and total fecal SCFA concentration was found in the Ghanaian population, while the lowest levels were found in the US population, respectively representing the lowest and the highest end of the epidemiologic transition spectrum. Country-specific bacterial taxa and predicted-functional pathways were observed, including an increased prevalence of Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, Weisella and Romboutsia in Ghana and South Africa, while Bacteroides and Parabacteroides were enriched in Jamaican and the US populations. Importantly, VANISH taxa, including Butyricicoccus and Succinivibrio, were significantly enriched in the Ghanaian cohort, reflecting the participants traditional lifestyles. Obesity was significantly associated with lower SCFA concentrations, a decrease in microbial richness, and dissimilarities in community composition, and reduction in the proportion of SCFA synthesizing bacteria including Oscillospira, Christensenella, Eubacterium, Alistipes, Clostridium and Odoribacter. Further, the predicted proportions of genes in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis pathway were enriched in obese individuals, while genes associated with butyrate synthesis via the dominant pyruvate pathway were significantly reduced in obese individuals. Using machine learning, we identified features predictive of metabolic state and country of origin. Country of origin could accurately be predicted by the fecal microbiota (AUC = 0.97), whereas obesity could not be predicted as accurately (AUC = 0.65). Participant sex (AUC = 0.75), diabetes status (AUC = 0.63), hypertensive status (AUC = 0.65), and glucose status (AUC = 0.66) could all be predicted with different success. Interestingly, within country, the predictive accuracy of the microbiota for obesity was inversely correlated to the epidemiological transition, being greatest in Ghana (AUC = 0.57). Collectively, our findings reveal profound variation in the gut microbiota, inferred functional pathways, and SCFA synthesis as a function of country of origin. While obesity could be predicted accurately from the microbiota, the variation in accuracy in parallel with the epidemiological transition suggests that differences in the microbiota between obesity and non-obesity may be larger in low-to-middle countries compared to high-income countries. Further examination of independent study populations using multi-omic approaches will be necessary to determine the factors that drive this association.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ecklu-Mensah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choo-Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maseng, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donato, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bovet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedu-Addo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plange-Rhule, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrester, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rae, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layden, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Keefe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugas, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids differ with adiposity and country of origin: The METS-Microbiome Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An extended wave of global mRNA deadenylation sets up a switch in translation regulation across the mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) occurs in the absence of new transcription and relies on post-transcriptional gene regulation, including translational control by mRNA poly(A) tail regulation, where cytoplasmic polyadenylation activates translation and deadenylation leads to translational repression and decay. However, how the transcriptome-wide landscape of mRNA poly(A) tails shapes translation across the OET in mammals remains unknown. Here, we performed long-read RNA sequencing to uncover poly(A) tail lengths and mRNA abundance transcriptome-wide in mice across five stages of development from oocyte to embryo. Integrating these data with recently published ribosome profiling data, we demonstrate that poly(A) tail length is coupled to translational efficiency across the entire OET. We uncover an extended wave of global deadenylation during fertilization, which sets up a switch in translation control between the oocyte and embryo. In the oocyte, short-tailed maternal mRNAs that resist deadenylation in the oocyte are translationally activated, whereas large groups of mRNAs deadenylated without decay in the oocyte are later readenylated to drive translation activation in the early embryo. Our findings provide an important resource and insight into the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic polyadenylation and deadenylation dynamically shape poly(A) tail length in a stage-specific manner to orchestrate development from oocyte to embryo in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook-Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An extended wave of global mRNA deadenylation sets up a switch in translation regulation across the mammalian oocyte-to-embryo transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unrecognized Potent Activities of Colistin Against Clinically Important mcr+ Enterobacteriaceae Revealed in Synergy with Host Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colistin (COL) is a cationic cyclic peptide that disrupts negatively-charged bacterial cell membranes and frequently serves as an antibiotic of last resort to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Emergence of the horizontally transferable plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) determinant and its spread to Gram-negative strains harboring extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase and carbapenemase resistance genes threatens futility of our chemotherapeutic arsenal. COL is widely regarded to have zero activity against mcr+ patients based on standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) performed in enriched bacteriological growth media; consequently, the drug is withheld from patients with mcr+ infections. However, these standard testing media poorly mimic in vivo physiology and omit host immune factors. Here we report previously unrecognized bactericidal activities of COL against mcr-1+ isolates of Escherichia coli (EC), Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP), and Salmonella enterica (SE) in standard tissue culture media containing the physiological buffer bicarbonate. Moreover, COL promoted serum complement deposition on the mcr-1+ Gram-negative bacterial surface and synergized potently with active human serum in pathogen killing. At COL concentrations readily achievable with standard dosing, the peptide antibiotic killed mcr-1+ EC, KP, and SE in freshly isolated human blood proved effective as monotherapy in a murine model of mcr-1+ EC bacteremia. Our results suggest that COL, currently ignored as a treatment option based on traditional AST, may in fact benefit patients with mcr-1+ Gram negative infections based on evaluations performed in a more physiologic context. These concepts warrant careful consideration in the clinical microbiology laboratory and for future clinical investigation of their merits in high risk patients with limited therapeutic options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumaraswamy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riestra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondsater, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakoulas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unrecognized Potent Activities of Colistin Against Clinically Important mcr+ Enterobacteriaceae Revealed in Synergy with Host Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic and structural insights into a divergent PLP-dependent L-enduracididine cyclase from a toxic cyanobacterium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic arginine noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) are found in several actinobacterial peptide natural products with therapeutically useful antibacterial properties. The preparation of ncAAs like enduracididine and capreomycidine currently takes multiple biosynthetic or chemosynthetic steps, thus limiting the commercial availability and applicability of these cyclic guanidine-containing amino acids. We recently discovered and characterized the biosynthetic pathway of guanitoxin, a potent freshwater cya-nobacterial neurotoxin, that contains an arginine-derived cyclic guanidine phosphate within its highly polar structure. The ncAA L-enduracididine is an early intermediate in guanitoxin biosynthesis and is produced by GntC, a unique pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. GntC catalyzes a cyclodehydration from a stereoselectively {gamma}-hydroxylated L-arginine precursor via a reaction that functionally and mechanistically diverges from previously established actinobacterial cyclic arginine ncAA pathways. Herein, we interrogate L-enduracididine biosynthesis from the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae ITEP-024 using spectroscopic, stable isotope labeling techniques, and X-ray crystal structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis. GntC initially facilitates the reversible deprotonations of the - and {beta}-positions of its substrate prior to catalyzing an irreversible diastereoselective dehydration and subsequent intramolecular cyclization. The comparison of holo- and substrate bound GntC structures and activity assays on sitespecific mutants further identified amino acid residues that contribute to the overall catalytic mechanism. These interdisciplinary efforts at structurally and functionally characterizing GntC enables an improved understanding of how Nature divergently produces cyclic arginine ncAAs and generates additional tools for their biocatalytic production and downstream biological applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cordoza, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaustein, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiore, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chekan, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic and structural insights into a divergent PLP-dependent L-enduracididine cyclase from a toxic cyanobacterium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flux exponent control predicts metabolic dynamics from network structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic dynamics such as stability of steady states, oscillations, lags and growth arrests in stress responses are important for microbial communities in human health, ecology, and metabolic engineering. Yet it is hard to model due to sparse data available on trajectories of metabolic fluxes. For this reason, a constraint-based approach called flux control (e.g., flux balance analysis) was invented to split metabolic systems into known stoichiometry (plant) and unknown fluxes (controller), so that data can be incorporated as refined constraints, and optimization can be used to find behaviors in scenarios of interest. However, flux control can only capture steady state fluxes well, limiting its application to scenarios with days or slower timescales. To overcome this limitation and capture dynamic fluxes, this work proposes a novel constraint-based approach, flux exponent control (FEC). FEC uses a different plant-controller split between the activities of catalytic enzymes and their regulation through binding reactions. Since binding reactions effectively regulate fluxes exponents (from previous works), this yields the rule of FEC, that cells regulate fluxes exponents, not the fluxes themselves as in flux control. In FEC, dynamic regulations of metabolic systems are solutions to optimal control problems that are computationally solvable via model predictive control. Glycolysis, which is known to have minute-timescale oscillations, is used as an example to demon-strate FEC can capture metabolism dynamics from network structure. More generally, FEC brings metabolic dynamics to the realm of control system analysis and design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.23.533708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flux exponent control predicts metabolic dynamics from network structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.534015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetochore dynein is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and remodel the outer kinetochore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.534015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple microtubule-directed activities concentrate on chromosomes during mitosis to ensure their accurate distribution to daughter cells. These activities include couplers and dynamics regulators localized at the kinetochore, the specialized microtubule interface built on centromeric chromatin, as well as motor proteins recruited to kinetochores and to mitotic chromatin. Here, we describe an in vivo reconstruction approach in which the effect of removing the major microtubule-directed activities on mitotic chromosomes is compared to the selective presence of individual activities. This approach revealed that the kinetochore dynein module, comprised of the minus end-directed motor cytoplasmic dynein and its kinetochore-specific adapters, is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and to remodel outer kinetochore composition following microtubule attachment; by contrast, the kinetochore dynein module is unable to support chromosome congression. The chromosome-autonomous action of kinetochore dynein, in the absence of the other major microtubule-directed factors on chromosomes, rotates and orients a substantial proportion of chromosomes such that their sister chromatids attach to opposite spindle poles. In tight coupling with orientation, the kinetochore dynein module drives removal of outermost kinetochore components, including the dynein motor itself and spindle checkpoint activators. The removal is independent of the other major microtubule-directed activities and kinetochore-localized protein phosphatase 1, suggesting that it is intrinsic to the kinetochore dynein module. These observations indicate that the kinetochore dynein module has the ability coordinate chromosome biorientation with attachment state-sensitive remodeling of the outer kinetochore that facilitates cell cycle progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prevo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheerambathur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnshaw, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.23.534015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetochore dynein is sufficient to biorient chromosomes and remodel the outer kinetochore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pulmonary vein flow split effects in patient-specific simulations of left atrial flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruptions to left atrial (LA) blood flow, such as those caused by atrial fibrillation (AF), can lead to thrombosis in the left atrial appendage (LAA) and an increased risk of systemic embolism. LA hemodynamics are influenced by various factors, including LA anatomy and function, and pulmonary vein (PV) inflow conditions. In particular, the PV flow split can vary significantly among and within patients depending on multiple factors. In this study, we investigated how changes in PV flow split affect LA flow transport, focusing on blood stasis in the LAA, using a high-fidelity patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. We analyzed LA anatomies from eight patients with varying atrial function, including three with AF and either a LAA thrombus or a history of TIAs. Using four different flow splits (60/40% and 55/45% through right and left PVs, even flow rate, and same velocity through each PV), we found that flow patterns are sensitive to PV flow split variations, particularly in planes parallel to the mitral valve. Changes in PV flow split also had a significant impact on blood stasis and could contribute to increased risk for thrombosis inside the LAA, particularly in patients with AF and previous LAA thrombus or a history of TIAs. Our study highlights the importance of considering patient-specific PV flow split variations when assessing LA hemodynamics and identifying patients at increased risk for thrombosis and stroke.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Villalba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Legazpi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.24.534045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pulmonary vein flow split effects in patient-specific simulations of left atrial flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting phenotype to mechanotype relationships in cells based on intra-cellular signaling network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.24.534160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells originating from the same tissue can respond differently to external signals depending on the genotypic and phenotypic state of the cell and its local environment. We have developed a semi-quantitative-computational model to analyze the intracellular signaling network and its outcome in the presence of multiple external signals including growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix. We use this model to analyze the cells mechanical response to external stimuli and identify the key internal elements of the network that drive specific outcomes within the response space. The model is built upon the Boolean approach to network modeling, where the state of any given node is determined using the state of the connecting nodes and Boolean logic. This allows us to analyze the network behavior without the need to estimate all the various interaction rates between different cellular components. However, such an approach is limited in its ability to predict network dynamics and temporal evolution of the cell state. So, we introduce modularity in the model and incorporate dynamical aspects, mass-action kinetics, and chemo-mechanical effects on only certain transition rates within specific modules as required, creating a Boolean-Hybrid-Modular (BoHyM) signal transduction model. We present this model as a comprehensive, cell-type agnostic, user-modifiable tool to investigate how extra-and intra-cellular signaling can regulate cellular cytoskeletal components and consequently influence cell-substrate interactions, force generation, and migration. Using this tool, we show how slight changes in signaling network architectures due to phenotypic changes can alter cellular response to stress hormone signaling in an environment-dependent manner. The tool also allows isolating effector proteins driving specific cellular mechanical responses. Ultimately, we show the utility of the tool in analyzing transient chemo-mechanical dynamics of cells in response to time-varying chemical stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karabay, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnlund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.24.534160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting phenotype to mechanotype relationships in cells based on intra-cellular signaling network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scaling deep phylogenetic embedding to ultra-large reference trees: a tree-aware ensemble approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic placement of a query sequence on a backbone tree is increasingly used across biomedical sciences to identify the content of a sample from its DNA content. The accuracy of such analyses depends on the density of the backbone tree, making it crucial that placement methods scale to very large trees. Moreover, a new paradigm has been recently proposed to place sequences on the species tree using single-gene data. The goal is to better characterize the samples and to enable combined analyses of marker-gene (e.g., 16S rRNA gene amplicon) and genome-wide data. The recent method DEPP enables performing such analyses using metric learning. However, metric learning is hampered by a need to compute and save a quadratically growing matrix of pairwise distances during training. Thus, DEPP (or any distance-based method) does not scale to more than roughly ten thousand species, a problem that we faced when trying to use our recently released Greengenes2 (GG2) reference tree containing 331,270 species. Scalability problems can be addressed in phylogenetics using divide- and-conquer. However, applying divide- and-conquer to data-hungry machine learning methods needs nuance. This paper explores divide- and-conquer for training ensembles of DEPP models, culminating in a method called C-DEPP that uses carefully crafted techniques to enable quasi-linear scaling while maintaining accuracy. C-DEPP enables placing twenty million 16S fragments on the GG2 reference tree in 41 hours of computation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.27.534201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scaling deep phylogenetic embedding to ultra-large reference trees: a tree-aware ensemble approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tools and methods for high-throughput single-cell imaging with the mother machine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite much progress, image processing remains a significant bottleneck for high-throughput analysis of microscopy data. One popular platform for single-cell time-lapse imaging is the mother machine, which enables long-term tracking of microbial cells under precisely controlled growth conditions. While several mother machine image analysis pipelines have been developed in the past several years, adoption by a non-expert audience remains a challenge. To fill this gap, we implemented our own software, MM3, as a plugin for the multidimensional image viewer napari. napari-MM3 is a complete and modular image analysis pipeline for mother machine data, which takes advantage of the high-level interactivity of napari. Here, we give an overview of napari-MM3 and test it against several well-designed and widely-used image analysis pipelines, including BACMMAN and DeLTA. Researchers often analyze mother machine data with custom scripts using varied image analysis methods, but a quantitative comparison of the output of different pipelines has been lacking. To this end, we show that key single-cell physiological parameter correlations and distributions are robust to the choice of analysis method. However, we also find that small changes in thresholding parameters can systematically alter parameters extracted from single-cell imaging experiments. Moreover, we explicitly show that in deep learning based segmentation, "what you put is what you get" (WYPIWYG) - i.e., pixel-level variation in training data for cell segmentation can propagate to the model output and bias spatial and temporal measurements. Finally, while the primary purpose of this work is to introduce the image analysis software that we have developed over the last decade in our lab, we also provide information for those who want to implement mother-machine-based high-throughput imaging and analysis methods in their research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thiermann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahir, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauls, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Treut, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.27.534286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tools and methods for high-throughput single-cell imaging with the mother machine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.29.534836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyperconnectivity of two separate long-range cholinergic systems contributes to the reorganization of the brain functional connectivity during nicotine withdrawal in male mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.29.534836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic nicotine results in dependence with withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation of use, through desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and altered cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with increased whole-brain functional connectivity and decreased network modularity, however, the role of cholinergic neurons in those changes is unknown. To identify the contribution of nicotinic receptors and cholinergic regions to changes in the functional network, we analyzed the contribution of the main cholinergic regions to brain-wide activation of the immediate early-gene FOS during withdrawal in male mice and correlated these changes with the expression of nicotinic receptor mRNA throughout the brain. We show that the main functional connectivity modules included the main long-range cholinergic regions, which were highly synchronized with the rest of the brain. However, despite this hyperconnectivity they were organized into two anticorrelated networks that were separated into basal forebrain projecting and brainstem-thalamic projecting cholinergic regions, validating a long-standing hypothesis of the organization of the brain cholinergic systems. Moreover, baseline (without nicotine) expression of Chrna2, Chrna3, Chrna10, and Chrnd mRNA of each brain region correlated with withdrawal-induced changes in FOS expression. Finally, by mining the Allen Brain mRNA expression database, we were able to identify 1755 gene candidates and three pathways (Sox2-Oct4-Nanog, JAK-STAT, and MeCP2-GABA) that may contribute to nicotine withdrawal-induced FOS expression. These results identify the dual contribution of the basal forebrain and brainstem-thalamic cholinergic systems to whole-brain functional connectivity during withdrawal; and identify nicotinic receptors and novel cellular pathways that may be critical for the transition to nicotine dependence.

Significance StatementDiscontinuation of nicotine use in dependent users is associated with increased whole-brain activation and functional connectivity and leads to withdrawal symptoms. Here we investigated the contribution of the nicotinic cholinergic receptors and main cholinergic projecting brain areas in the whole-brain changes associated with withdrawal. This not only allowed us to visualize and confirm the previously described duality of the cholinergic brain system using this novel methodology, but also identify nicotinic receptors together with 1751 other genes that contribute, and could thus be targets for treatments against, nicotine withdrawal and dependence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davoudian, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collazo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.29.534836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyperconnectivity of two separate long-range cholinergic systems contributes to the reorganization of the brain functional connectivity during nicotine withdrawal in male mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of DNA-DNA sliding friction and non-equilibrium dynamics in viral genome ejection and packaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many viruses eject their DNA via a nanochannel in the viral shell, driven by internal forces arising from the high-density genome packing. The speed of DNA exit is controlled by friction forces that limit the molecular mobility, but the nature of this friction is unknown. We introduce a method to probe the mobility of the tightly confined DNA by measuring DNA exit from phage phi29 capsids with optical tweezers. We measure extremely low initial exit velocity, a regime of exponentially increasing velocity, stochastic pausing that dominates the kinetics, and large dynamic heterogeneity. Measurements with variable applied force provide evidence that the initial velocity is controlled by DNA-DNA sliding friction, consistent with a Frenkel-Kontorova model for nanoscale friction. We confirm several aspects of the ejection dynamics predicted by theoretical models. Features of the pausing suggest it is connected to the phenomenon of "clogging" in soft-matter systems. Our results provide evidence that DNA-DNA friction and clogging control the DNA exit dynamics, but that this friction does not significantly affect DNA packaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fizari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardine, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of DNA-DNA sliding friction and non-equilibrium dynamics in viral genome ejection and packaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomics to Notebook (g2nb): extending the electronic notebook to address the challenges of bioinformatics analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present Genomics to Notebook (g2nb), an environment that combines the JupyterLab notebook system with widely-used bioinformatics platforms. Galaxy, GenePattern, and the JavaScript versions of IGV and Cytoscape are currently available within g2nb. The analyses and visualizations within those platforms are presented as cells in a notebook, making thousands of genomics methods available within the notebook metaphor and allowing notebooks to contain workflows utilizing multiple software packages on remote servers, all without the need for programming. The g2nb environment is, to our knowledge, the only notebook-based system that incorporates multiple bioinformatics analysis platforms into a notebook interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reich, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabor, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liefeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>joshi, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorvaldsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blankenberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomics to Notebook (g2nb): extending the electronic notebook to address the challenges of bioinformatics analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of subunit selective substrates for Trichomonas vaginalis proteasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.05.535794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv) causes trichomoniasis, the most common, non-viral, sexually transmitted infection in the world. Only two closely related drugs are approved for its treatment. The accelerating emergence of resistance to these drugs and lack of alternative treatment options poses an increasing threat to public health. There is an urgent need for novel effective anti-parasitic compounds. The proteasome is a critical enzyme for T. vaginalis survival and was validated as a drug target to treat trichomoniasis. However, to develop potent inhibitors of the T. vaginalis proteasome, it is essential that we understand which subunits should be targeted. Previously, we identified two fluorogenic substrates that were cleaved by T. vaginalis proteasome, however after isolating the enzyme complex and performing an in-depth substrate specificity study, we have now designed three fluorogenic reporter substrates that are each specific for one catalytic subunit. We screened a library of peptide epoxyketone inhibitors against the live parasite and evaluated which subunits are targeted by the top hits. Together we show that targeting of the {beta}5 subunit of T. vaginalis is sufficient to kill the parasite, however, targeting of {beta}5 plus either {beta}1 or {beta}2 results in improved potency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurysz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyamoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serafim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somani, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almaliti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirk, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boura, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.05.535794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of subunit selective substrates for Trichomonas vaginalis proteasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.08.536119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single cell epigenomic analysis of gene regulatory programs in the rodent and primate neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.08.536119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence divergence of cis-regulatory elements drives species-specific traits, but how this manifests in the evolution of the neocortex at the molecular and cellular level remains to be elucidated. We investigated the gene regulatory programs in the primary motor cortex of human, macaque, marmoset, and mouse with single-cell multiomics assays, generating gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylome, and chromosomal conformation profiles from a total of over 180,000 cells. For each modality, we determined species-specific, divergent, and conserved gene expression and epigenetic features at multiple levels. We find that cell type-specific gene expression evolves more rapidly than broadly expressed genes and that epigenetic status at distal candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) evolves faster than promoters. Strikingly, transposable elements (TEs) contribute to nearly 80% of the human-specific cCREs in cortical cells. Through machine learning, we develop sequence-based predictors of cCREs in different species and demonstrate that the genomic regulatory syntax is highly preserved from rodents to primates. Lastly, we show that epigenetic conservation combined with sequence similarity helps uncover functional cis-regulatory elements and enhances our ability to interpret genetic variants contributing to neurological disease and traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krienen, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.08.536119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single cell epigenomic analysis of gene regulatory programs in the rodent and primate neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.09.536164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do perineuronal nets stabilize the engram of a synaptic circuit? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.09.536164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perineuronal nets (PNN), a specialized form of ECM (?), surround numerous neurons in the CNS and allow synaptic connectivity through holes in its structure. We hypothesis that PNNs serve as gatekeepers that guard and protect synaptic territory, and thus may stabilize an engram circuit. We present high-resolution, and 3D EM images of PNN- engulfed neurons showing that synapses occupy the PNN holes, and that invasion of other cellular components are rare. PNN constituents are long-lived and can be eroded faster in an enriched environment, while synaptic proteins have high turnover rate. Preventing PNN erosion by using pharmacological inhibition of PNN-modifying proteases or MMP9 knockout mice allowed normal fear memory acquisition but diminished remote-memory stabilization, supporting the above hypothesis.

SignificanceIn this multidisciplinary work, we challenge the hypothesis that the pattern of holes in the perineuronal nets (PNN) hold the code for very-long-term memories. The scope of this work might lead us closer to the understanding of how we can vividly remember events from childhood to death bed. We postulate that the PNN holes hold the code for the engram. To test this hypothesis, we used three independent experimental strategies; high-resolution 3D electron microscopy, Stable Isotop Labeling in Mammals (SILAM) for proteins longevity, and pharmacologically and genetically interruption of memory consolidation in fear conditioning experiments. All of these experimental results did not dispute the PNN hypothesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lev-Ram, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palida, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toyoma, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClatchy, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prichard, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savas, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsien, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.09.536164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do perineuronal nets stabilize the engram of a synaptic circuit?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.09.536168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse Gut Pathogens Exploit the Host Engulfment Pathway via a Conserved Mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.09.536168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages clear infections by engulfing and digesting pathogens within phagolysosomes. Pathogens escape this fate by engaging in a molecular arms race; they use WxxxE motif-containing "effector" proteins to subvert the host cells they invade and seek refuge within protective vacuoles. Here we define the host component of the molecular arms race as an evolutionarily conserved polar  hotspot on the PH-domain of ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility1), which is targeted by diverse WxxxE-effectors. Using homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we show that a lysine triad within the  patch directly binds all WxxxE-effectors tested: SifA (Salmonella), IpgB1 and IpgB2 (Shigella), and Map (enteropathogenic E. coli). Using an integrated SifA*host protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, in-silico network perturbation, and functional studies we show that the major consequences of preventing SifA*ELMO1 interaction are reduced Rac1 activity and microbial invasion. That multiple effectors of diverse structure, function, and sequence bind the same hotpot on ELMO1 suggests that the WxxxE-effector(s)*ELMO1 interface is a convergence point of intrusion detection and/or host vulnerability. We conclude that the interface may represent the fault line in co-evolved molecular adaptations between pathogens and the host and its disruption may serve as a therapeutic strategy.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTO_ST_ABSIn briefC_ST_ABSThis work defines the nature of a conserved molecular interface, assembled between diverse WxxxE motif-containing effector proteins encoded by gut pathogens and the host innate immune sensor, ELMO1, via which pathogens exploit the hosts engulfment machinery.



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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@21dbcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ee27ccorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@176f2c4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3c55e6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agyekum, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gementera, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amamoto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.09.536168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse Gut Pathogens Exploit the Host Engulfment Pathway via a Conserved Mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-resolved single-cell and spatial gene regulatory atlas of plants under pathogen attack 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant leaf intercellular space provides a nutrient-rich and heterogeneous niche for microbes that critically impacts plant health. However, how individual plant cells respond to heterogeneous microbial colonization remains largely elusive. Here, by time-resolved simultaneous single-cell transcriptome and epigenome profiling of plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) infected by virulent and avirulent bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae), we present cell atlases with gene regulatory logic involving transcription factors, putative cis-regulatory elements, and target genes associated with disease and immunity. We also identify previously uncharacterized cell populations with distinct immune gene expression within major developmental cell types. Furthermore, we employ time-resolved spatial transcriptomics to reveal spatial heterogeneity of plant immune responses linked to pathogen distribution. Integrating our single-cell multiomics and spatial omics data enables spatiotemporal mapping of defense gene regulatory logic with pathogen cells. Our study provides a molecularly-defined spatiotemporal map of plant-microbe interaction at the single-cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nobori, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.10.536170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-resolved single-cell and spatial gene regulatory atlas of plants under pathogen attack]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.534028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial proteomics of human diabetic kidney disease, from health to class III 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.534028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aims/HypothesisDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Though animal models have taught us much about the molecular mechanisms of DKD, translating these findings to human disease requires greater knowledge of the molecular changes caused by diabetes in human kidneys. Establishing this knowledge base requires building carefully curated, reliable, and complete repositories of human kidney tissue, as well as tissue proteomics platforms capable of simultaneous, spatially resolved examination of multiple proteins.

MethodsWe used the multiplexed immunofluorescence platform CO-Detection by indexing (CODEX) to image and analyze the expression of 21 proteins in 23 tissue sections from 12 individuals with diabetes and healthy kidneys (DM, 5 individuals), DKD classes IIA, and IIB (2 individuals per class), IIA-B intermediate (2 individuals), and III (one individual).

ResultsAnalysis of the 21-plex immunofluorescence images revealed 18 cellular clusters, corresponding to 10 known kidney compartments and cell types, including proximal tubules, distal nephron, podocytes, glomerular endothelial and peritubular capillaries, blood vessels, including endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, cells of the myeloid lineage, broad CD45+ inflammatory cells and the basement membrane. DKD progression was associated with co-localized increase in collagen IV deposition and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as loss of native proteins of each nephron segment at variable rates. Compartment-specific cellular changes corroborated this general theme, with compartment-specific variations. Cell type frequency and cell-to-cell adjacency highlighted (statistically) significant increase in inflammatory cells and their adjacency to tubular and SMA+ cells in DKD kidneys. Finally, DKD progression was marked by substantial regional variability within single tissue sections, as well as variability across patients within the same DKD class. The sizable intra-personal variability in DKD severity impacts pathologic classifications, and the attendant clinical decisions, which are usually based on small tissue biopsies.

Conclusions/InterpretationsHigh-plex immunofluorescence images revealed changes in protein expression corresponding to differences in cellular phenotypic composition and microenvironment structure with DKD progression. This initial dataset demonstrates the combined power of curated human kidney tissues, multiplexed immunofluorescence and powerful analysis tools in revealing pathophysiology of human DKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kondo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrady, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nallapothula, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevino, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preska, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Angio, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badhesha, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiegley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dall'Era, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jen, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afkarian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.534028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial proteomics of human diabetic kidney disease, from health to class III]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic Discovery of Cognitive Strategies with Tiny Recurrent Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Normative modeling frameworks such as Bayesian inference and reinforcement learning provide valuable insights into the fundamental principles governing adaptive behavior. While these frameworks are valued for their simplicity and interpretability, their reliance on few parameters often limits their ability to capture realistic biological behavior, leading to cycles of handcrafted adjustments that are prone to research subjectivity. Here, we present a novel modeling approach leveraging recurrent neural networks to discover the cognitive algorithms governing biological decision-making. We show that neural networks with just 1-4 units often outperform classical cognitive models and match larger neural networks in predicting the choices of individual animals and humans across six well-studied reward learning tasks. Critically, we then interpret the trained networks using dynamical systems concepts, enabling a unified comparison of cognitive models and revealing detailed mechanisms underlying choice behavior. Our approach also estimates the dimensionality of behavior and offers insights into algorithms implemented by AI agents trained in a meta-reinforcement learning setting. Overall, we present a systematic approach for discovering interpretable cognitive strategies in decision-making, offering insights into neural mechanisms and a foundation for studying both healthy and dysfunctional cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji-An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.536629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic Discovery of Cognitive Strategies with Tiny Recurrent Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Building functional circuits in multispecies brains. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome is the ultimate architect of the brain. Its evolutionary variations build the neural circuits that endow each species with its innate senses and behaviors. A central question for neuroscience and translational medicine is whether neural circuits from two species can be made to function in an intact brain. Here, we establish genetic tools and use blastocyst complementation to selectively build and test interspecies neural circuits in rat-mouse brains. Despite [~]10-20 million years of evolution and prominent differences in brain size and cellular composition, rat pluripotent stem cells injected into mouse blastocysts widely populate and persist in the mouse brain. Unexpectedly, the mouse niche reprograms the birthdates of cortical and hippocampal rat neurons, where they also form synaptically active rat-mouse circuits. By genetically disabling host olfactory circuitry, we show that rat neurons restore synaptic information flow from the nose to the cortex. Rat neurons can also rescue a primal olfactory behavior (food-seeking), though less than mouse controls. By enabling a mouse to sense the world with rat neurons, we highlight the power of interspecies neural blastocyst complementation to uncover mechanisms of neural circuit development and evolution, and to inform efforts to rescue neural circuits affected by injury or disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Throesch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imtiaz, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Castaneda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakurai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuprianov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmonte, J. C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Building functional circuits in multispecies brains.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.537036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gardnerella vaginolysin potentiates glycan molecular mimicry by Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.537036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition of the vaginal microbiome in which there are lower levels of "healthy" Lactobacillus species and an outgrowth of diverse anaerobic bacteria. BV is associated with increased risk of infection by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae - the causative agent of gonorrhea. Here we test if one known facet of BV - the presence of bacterial cytolysins - leads to the mobilization of specific intracellular contents that aid in gonococcal virulence. We cloned and expressed recombinant vaginolysin (VLY), a cytolysin produced by the BV-associated bacterium Gardnerella, verifying that it liberates the contents of red blood cells and cervical epithelial (HeLa) cells while vector control preparations made in parallel did not. We tested if VLY mediates a well-known virulence mechanism of gonococcus - the molecular mimicry of host glycans. To evade host immunity, N. gonorrhoeae caps its surface lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with 2-3-linked sialic acid. To do this, gonococci must scavenge an intermediate metabolite made and used inside host cells. Flow-cytometry based lectin-binding assays showed that, compared to controls, gonococci exposed to vaginolysin-liberated contents of HeLa cells displayed greater sialic acid capping of their LOS. This higher level of bacterial sialylation was accompanied by increased binding of the complement regulatory protein Factor H, and greater resistance to complement attack. Together these results suggest that cytolytic activities present during BV may enhance the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to capture intracellular metabolites and evade host immunity via glycan molecular mimicry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morrill, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.15.537036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gardnerella vaginolysin potentiates glycan molecular mimicry by Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.536509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell DNA Methylome and 3D Multi-omic Atlas of the Adult Mouse Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.536509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytosine DNA methylation is essential in brain development and has been implicated in various neurological disorders. A comprehensive understanding of DNA methylation diversity across the entire brain in the context of the brains 3D spatial organization is essential for building a complete molecular atlas of brain cell types and understanding their gene regulatory landscapes. To this end, we employed optimized single-nucleus methylome (snmC-seq3) and multi-omic (snm3C-seq1) sequencing technologies to generate 301,626 methylomes and 176,003 chromatin conformation/methylome joint profiles from 117 dissected regions throughout the adult mouse brain. Using iterative clustering and integrating with companion whole-brain transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets, we constructed a methylation-based cell type taxonomy that contains 4,673 cell groups and 261 cross-modality-annotated subclasses. We identified millions of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across the genome, representing potential gene regulation elements. Notably, we observed spatial cytosine methylation patterns on both genes and regulatory elements in cell types within and across brain regions. Brain-wide multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH2) data validated the association of this spatial epigenetic diversity with transcription and allowed the mapping of the DNA methylation and topology information into anatomical structures more precisely than our dissections. Furthermore, multi-scale chromatin conformation diversities occur in important neuronal genes, highly associated with DNA methylation and transcription changes. Brain-wide cell type comparison allowed us to build a regulatory model for each gene, linking transcription factors, DMRs, chromatin contacts, and downstream genes to establish regulatory networks. Finally, intragenic DNA methylation and chromatin conformation patterns predicted alternative gene isoform expression observed in a companion whole-brain SMART-seq3 dataset. Our study establishes the first brain-wide, single-cell resolution DNA methylome and 3D multi-omic atlas, providing an unparalleled resource for comprehending the mouse brains cellular-spatial and regulatory genome diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto-Duarte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.536509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell DNA Methylome and 3D Multi-omic Atlas of the Adult Mouse Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incongruence between transcriptional and vascular pathophysiological cell states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Notch pathway is a major regulator of transcriptional specification and vascular biology. Previous studies have suggested that targeting the ligand Dll4 or the Notch-receptors results in similar molecular and angiogenesis outcomes. Here, we analyzed single and compound genetic mutants for all Notch signaling members and found very significant differences in the way ligands and receptors regulate vascular homeostasis. Loss of Notch receptors, leads to minor vascular pathology featuring hypermitogenic MAPK-driven cell-cycle arrest and senescence. In contrast, loss of Dll4 triggers a strong Myc-driven switch towards cell proliferation and sprouting and major organ pathology. Targeting of Myc completely suppressed the proliferative and tip-cell angiogenic states induced by Dll4 loss-of-function, however, this did not avoid vascular pathology. Only VEGF blockade prevented the pathology induced by Dll4 loss, but without fully suppressing its transcriptional and metabolic programs. This study shows incongruence between single-cell transcriptional states and adult vascular phenotypes and related pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Chacon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muhleder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Ortega, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torroja, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lytvyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Munoz, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casquero-Garcia, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camafeita, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benguria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dopazo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Cabo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedito, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.537057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incongruence between transcriptional and vascular pathophysiological cell states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.538020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct blood CD3+ CD14+ T Cell-Monocyte complexes harbor HIV and are dynamic, glucose-dependent, and increased in individuals with glucose intolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.538020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An increased risk of cardiometabolic disease accompanies persistent systemic inflammation. Yet, the innate and adaptive immune system features in persons who develop these conditions remain poorly defined. Doublets, or cell-cell complexes, are routinely eliminated from flow cytometric and other immune phenotyping analyses, which limits our understanding of their relationship to disease states. Using well-characterized clinical cohorts, including participants with controlled HIV as a model for chronic inflammation and increased immune cell interactions, we show that circulating CD14+ monocytes complexed to CD3+ T cells are dynamic, biologically relevant, and increased in individuals with diabetes after adjusting for confounding factors. The complexes form functional immune synapses with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and greater glucose utilization. Furthermore, in persons with HIV, the CD3+T-cell: CD14+monocyte complexes had more HIV copies compared to matched CD14+ monocytes or CD4+ T cells alone. Our results demonstrate that circulating CD3+T-cell:CD14+monocyte pairs represent dynamic cellular interactions that may contribute to inflammation and cardiometabolic disease pathogenesis and may originate or be maintained, in part, by chronic viral infections. These findings provide a foundation for future studies investigating mechanisms linking T cell-monocyte cell-cell complexes to developing immune-mediated diseases, including HIV and diabetes.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=127 SRC="FIGDIR/small/538020v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (37K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fdc324org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@168fc4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@138a9a0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1087108_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LICirculating CD3+ CD14+ T cell-monocyte complexes are higher in individuals with diabetes.
C_LIO_LICD3+ CD14+ T cell-monocytes complexes comprise a heterogenous group of functional and dynamic cell-cell interactions.
C_LIO_LIThe proportion of CD3+ CD14+ T cell-monocyte complexes is positively associated with fasting blood glucose and negatively with plasma IL-10 levels and CD4+ T regulatory cells.
C_LIO_LICD3+ CD14+ T cell-monocyte complexes are metabolically flexible and can utilize both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation for their energy requirements.
C_LIO_LIIn persons with treated HIV, CD3+ CD14+ T cell-monocytes have more detectable HIV DNA than circulating CD4+ T cells alone.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wanjalla, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nochowivz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priest, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailin, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watten, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashayekhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beasley, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meenderink, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolze, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangula, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pakala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilfong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalams, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koethe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.24.538020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct blood CD3+ CD14+ T Cell-Monocyte complexes harbor HIV and are dynamic, glucose-dependent, and increased in individuals with glucose intolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are central to animal evolution. However, because microbes can influence aspects of host physiology, behavior, and resistance to stress or disease, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a highly biodiverse and data-rich host system to test this idea, made more relevant by increases in coral disease outbreaks as a result of anthropogenic changes to climate and reef ecosystems. Identifying factors that determine coral disease susceptibility has therefore become a focus for reef conservation efforts. Using a comparative approach, we tested if coral microbiomes correlate with disease susceptibility across 425 million years of coral evolution by combining a cross-species coral microbiome survey (the "Global Coral Microbiome Project") with long-term disease prevalence data at multiple sites. Interpreting these data in their phylogenetic context, we show that microbial dominance and composition predict disease susceptibility. We trace this dominance-disease association to a single putatively beneficial bacterial symbiont, Endozoicomonas, whose relative abundance in coral tissue explained 30% of variation in disease susceptibility and 60% of variation in microbiome dominance across 40 coral genera. Conversely, Endozoicomonas abundances in coral tissue strongly correlated with high growth rates. These results demonstrate that the evolution of microbial symbiosis in corals correlates with both disease prevalence and growth rate. Exploration of the mechanistic basis for these findings will be important for our understanding of how microbial symbiosis influences animal life-history tradeoffs, and in efforts to use microbes to increase coral growth or disease resistance in-situ.

Significance StatementThe evolution of tropical corals, like that of many organisms, involves tradeoffs in life-history strategy. We sought to test whether microbes influence coral life-history traits. Comparative data from a census of modern coral microbes, combined with long term disease surveys in three regions, provide evidence for a correlation between microbiome structure, growth rate, and disease susceptibility during coral evolution. These trends were driven primarily by changes in the relative abundance of Endozoicomonas in coral tissue microbiomes, suggesting the novel hypothesis that Endozoicomonas may allow corals to grow more quickly at the cost of greater vulnerability to disease. Thus, symbiosis with microbes may be an important aspect of animal life-history strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Epstein, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akinrinade, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMinds, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollock, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourne, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurber, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaneveld, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TorsinA is essential for the timing and localization of neuronal nuclear pore complex biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate information transfer between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPC defects are linked to several neurological diseases, but the processes governing NPC biogenesis and spatial organization are poorly understood. Here, we identify a temporal window of strongly upregulated NPC biogenesis during neuronal maturation. We demonstrate that the AAA+ protein torsinA, whose loss of function causes the neurodevelopmental movement disorder DYT-TOR1A (DYT1) dystonia, coordinates NPC spatial organization during this period without impacting total NPC density. Using a new mouse line in which endogenous Nup107 is Halo-Tagged, we find that torsinA is essential for correct localization of NPC formation. In the absence of torsinA, the inner nuclear membrane buds excessively at sites of mislocalized, nascent NPCs, and NPC assembly completion is delayed. Our work implies that NPC spatial organization and number are independently regulated and suggests that torsinA is critical for the normal localization and assembly kinetics of NPCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veatch, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barmada, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappas, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauer, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TorsinA is essential for the timing and localization of neuronal nuclear pore complex biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.28.538741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variability and Bias in Microbiome Metagenomic Sequencing: an Interlaboratory Study Comparing Experimental Protocols 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.28.538741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSeveral studies have documented the significant impact of methodological choices in microbiome analyses. The myriad of methodological options available complicate the replication of results and generally limit the comparability of findings between independent studies that use differing techniques and measurement pipelines. Here we describe the Mosaic Standards Challenge (MSC), an international interlaboratory study designed to assess the impact of methodological variables on the results. The MSC did not prescribe methods but rather asked participating labs to analyze 7 shared reference samples (5x human stool samples and 2x mock communities) using their standard laboratory methods. To capture the array of methodological variables, each participating lab completed a metadata reporting sheet that included 100 different questions regarding the details of their protocol. The goal of this study was to survey the methodological landscape for microbiome metagenomic sequencing (MGS) analyses and the impact of methodological decisions on metagenomic sequencing results.

ResultsA total of 44 labs participated in the MSC by submitting results (16S or WGS) along with accompanying metadata; thirty 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets and 14 WGS datasets were collected. The inclusion of two types of reference materials (human stool and mock communities) enabled analysis of both MGS measurement variability between different protocols using the biologically-relevant stool samples, and MGS bias with respect to ground truth values using the DNA mixtures. Owing to the compositional nature of MGS measurements, analyses were conducted on the ratio of Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes allowing us to directly apply common statistical methods. The resulting analysis demonstrated that protocol choices have significant effects, including both bias of the MGS measurement associated with a particular methodological choices, as well as effects on measurement robustness as observed through the spread of results between labs making similar methodological choices. In the analysis of the DNA mock communities, MGS measurement bias was observed even when there was general consensus among the participating laboratories.

ConclusionThis study was the result of a collaborative effort that included academic, commercial, and government labs. In addition to highlighting the impact of different methodological decisions on MGS result comparability, this work also provides insights for consideration in future microbiome measurement study design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forry, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servetas, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kralj, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadjithomas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Amorim, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartelli, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassol, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias-Neto, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazantseva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menzel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moda, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuberger-Castillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peralta, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takenaka, I. K. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.28.538741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variability and Bias in Microbiome Metagenomic Sequencing: an Interlaboratory Study Comparing Experimental Protocols]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539619v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cervical microbiota of Hispanics living in Puerto Rico is highly volatile and dominated by L. iners regardless of HPV status 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539619v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe cervicovaginal microbiota is influenced by host physiology, immunology, lifestyle, and ethnicity. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the cervicovaginal microbiota among pregnant, non-pregnant and menopausal women living in Puerto Rico with and without Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. We specifically wanted to determine if the microbiota associated with variation in cervical cytology. A total of 294 women comprised of reproductive-age non-pregnant (N=196), pregnant (N=37), and menopausal (N=61) women were enrolled. The cervicovaginal bacteria was characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, the HPV were genotyped with SPF10-LiPA, and cervical cytology was quantified. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV, 67.3%) was prevalent, including genotypes not covered by the 9vt HPV vaccine. Cervical lesions (34%) were also common. The cervical microbiota was dominated by Lactobacillus iners. Pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters had decreased diversity and a decreased abundance of microbes associated with bacterial vaginosis. Women in menopause had greater alpha diversity, a greater proportion of facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria, and higher cervicovaginal pH than pre-menopausal women. Cervical lesions were associated with greater alpha diversity. However, no significant associations between the microbiota and HPV infection (HR or LR-HPV types) were found. The cervicovaginal microbiota women living in Puerto Rican were either dominated by L. iners or diverse microbial communities regardless of a womans physiological stage. We postulate that the microbiota and the high prevalence of HR-HPV, increase the risk of cervical lesions of women living in Puerto Rico.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vargas Robles, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romaguera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado-Velez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosado-Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominicci-Maura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Ferrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forney, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy-Vitorino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539619</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cervical microbiota of Hispanics living in Puerto Rico is highly volatile and dominated by L. iners regardless of HPV status]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.06.539326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust identification of perturbed cell types in single-cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.06.539326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding how different cells contribute to disease progression by identifying cell types that change across diseases or conditions. However, detecting changing cell types is challenging due to individual-to-individual and cohort-to-cohort variability and naive approaches based on current computational tools lead to false positive findings. To address this, we propose a computational tool, scDist, based on a mixed-effects model that provides a statistically rigorous and computationally efficient approach for detecting transcriptomic differences. By accurately recapitulating known immune cell relationships and mitigating false positives induced by individual and cohort variation, we demonstrate that scDist outperforms current methods in both simulated and real datasets, even with limited sample sizes. Through the analysis of COVID-19 and immunotherapy datasets, scDist uncovers transcriptomic perturbations in dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and FCER1G+NK cells, that provide new insights into disease mechanisms and treatment responses. As single-cell datasets continue to expand, our faster and statistically rigorous method offers a robust and versatile tool for a wide range of research and clinical applications, enabling the investigation of cellular perturbations with implications for human health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicol, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irizarry, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.06.539326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust identification of perturbed cell types in single-cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.06.539674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetic inhibition of Gα signalling alters and regulates circuit functionality and early circuit formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.06.539674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optogenetic techniques provide genetically targeted, spatially and temporally precise approaches to correlate cellular activities and physiological outcomes. In the nervous system, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have essential neuromodulatory functions through binding extracellular ligands to induce intracellular signaling cascades. In this work, we develop and validate a new optogenetic tool that disrupt Gq signaling through membrane recruitment of a minimal Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domain. This approach, Photo-induced Modulation of G protein - Inhibition of Gq (PiGM-Iq), exhibited potent and selective inhibition of Gq signaling. We alter the behavior of C. elegans and Drosophila with outcomes consistent with GPCR-Gq disruption. PiGM-Iq also changes axon guidance in culture dorsal root ganglia neurons in response to serotonin. PiGM-Iq activation leads to developmental deficits in zebrafish embryos and larvae resulting in altered neuronal wiring and behavior. By altering the choice of minimal RGS domain, we also show that this approach is amenable to Gi signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lockyer, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reading, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicenzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delandre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasperini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. Y.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.06.539674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetic inhibition of Gα signalling alters and regulates circuit functionality and early circuit formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.07.539721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The subiculum encodes environmental geometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.07.539721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Corners are a cardinal feature of many of the complex environmental geometries found in the natural world but the neural substrates that could underlie the perception of corners remain elusive. Here we show that the dorsal subiculum contains neurons that encode corners across environmental geometries in an allocentric reference frame. Corner cells changed their activity to reflect concave corner angles, wall height and the degree of wall intersection. A separate population of subicular neurons encoded convex corners. Both concave and convex corner cells were non-overlapping with subicular neurons that encoded environmental boundaries, suggesting that the subiculum contains the geometric information needed to re-construct the shape and layout of naturalistic spatial environments.

One Sentence SummarySeparate neural populations in the subiculum encode concave and convex environmental corners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giocomo, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.07.539721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The subiculum encodes environmental geometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular signatures associated with successful implantation of the human blastocyst 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryo implantation in humans is remarkably inefficient for reasons that remain largely unexplained, and high rates of implantation failure remain one of the greatest obstacles in treating infertility. The volume of gene expression data available from human embryos has rapidly accumulated in recent years. However, prioritization of these data to identify the subset of genes that determine successful implantation remains a challenge, in part, because comprehensive analyses cannot be performed on the same embryos that are transferred. Here, we leverage clinical morphologic grading--known for decades to correlate with implantation potential--and transcriptome analyses of matched embryonic and abembryonic samples to identify genes and cell-cell interactions enriched and depleted in human blastocysts of good and poor morphology, genome-wide. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the greatest molecular difference was in the state of the extraembryonic primitive endoderm (PrE), with relative deficiencies in PrE development in embryos of poor morphology at the time of embryo transfer. Together, our results support a model in which implantation success is most strongly reflected by factors and signals from the embryonic compartment and suggest that deficiencies in PrE development, in particular, are common among embryos with reduced implantation potential. Our study provides a valuable resource for those investigating the markers and mechanisms of human embryo implantation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook-Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chousal, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>To, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzo, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parast, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.539763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular signatures associated with successful implantation of the human blastocyst]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning uncovers the Pseudomonas syringae transcriptome in microbial communities and during infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 regulates its response to environmental stimuli, including interactions with hosts and neighboring bacteria. Despite the importance of transcriptional regulation during these agriculturally-significant interactions, a comprehensive understanding of the TRN of P. syringae is yet to be achieved. Here, we collected and decomposed a compendium of public RNA-seq data from P. syringae to obtain 45 independently modulated gene sets (iModulons) that quantitatively describe the TRN and its activity state across diverse conditions. Through iModulon analysis, we 1) untangle the complex interspecies interactions between P. syringae and other terrestrial bacteria in cocultures, 2) expand the current understanding of the Arabidopsis thaliana-P. syringae interaction, and 3) elucidate the AlgU-dependent regulation of flagellar gene expression. The modularized TRN yields a unique understanding of interaction-specific transcriptional regulation in P. syringae.

ImportancePseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a model plant pathogen that infects tomatoes and Arabidopsis thaliana. The current understanding of global transcriptional regulation in the pathogen is limited. Here, we applied iModulon analysis to a compendium of RNA-seq data to unravel its transcriptional regulatory network. We characterize each co-regulated gene set, revealing the activity of major regulators across diverse conditions. We provide new insights on the transcriptional dynamics in interactions with the plant immune system and with other bacterial species, such as AlgU-dependent regulation of flagellar genes during plant infection and downregulation of siderophore production in the presence of a siderophore cheater. This study demonstrates the novel application of iModulons in studying temporal dynamics during host-pathogen and microbe-microbe interactions, and reveals specific insights of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bajpe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning uncovers the Pseudomonas syringae transcriptome in microbial communities and during infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generalized fear following acute stress is caused by change in co-transmitter identity of serotonergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Overgeneralization of fear to harmless situations is a core feature of anxiety disorders resulting from acute stress, yet the mechanisms by which fear becomes generalized are poorly understood. Here we show that generalized fear in mice in response to footshock results from a transmitter switch from glutamate to GABA in serotonergic neurons of the lateral wings of the dorsal raphe. We observe a similar change in transmitter identity in the postmortem brains of PTSD patients. Overriding the transmitter switch in mice using viral tools prevents the acquisition of generalized fear. Corticosterone release and activation of glucocorticoid receptors trigger the switch, and prompt antidepressant treatment blocks the co-transmitter switch and generalized fear. Our results provide new understanding of the plasticity involved in fear generalization.

One sentence summaryAcute stress produces generalized fear by causing serotonergic neurons to switch their co-transmitter from glutamate to GABA
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-q. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godavarthi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitzer, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generalized fear following acute stress is caused by change in co-transmitter identity of serotonergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CyuR is a Dual Regulator for L-Cysteine Dependent Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), mainly produced from L-cysteine (Cys), renders bacteria highly resistant to oxidative stress. This mitigation of oxidative stress was suggested to be an important survival mechanism to achieve antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in many pathogenic bacteria. CyuR (known as DecR or YbaO) is a recently characterized Cys-dependent transcription regulator, responsible for the activation of the cyuAP operon and generation of hydrogen sulfide from Cys. Despite its potential importance, the regulatory network of CyuR remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of the CyuR regulon in a Cys-dependent AMR mechanism in E. coli strains. We found: 1) Cys metabolism has a significant role in AMR and its effect is conserved in many E. coli strains, including clinical isolates; 2) CyuR negatively controls the expression of mdlAB encoding a transporter that exports antibiotics such as cefazolin and vancomycin; 3) CyuR binds to a DNA sequence motif  GAAwAAATTGTxGxxATTTsyCC in the absence of Cys, confirmed by an in vitro binding assay; and 4) CyuR may regulate 25 additional genes as suggested by in silico motif scanning and transcriptome sequencing. Collectively, our findings expanded the understanding of the biological roles of CyuR relevant to antibiotic resistance associated with Cys.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodionova, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodionov, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchison, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalldorf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.541025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CyuR is a Dual Regulator for L-Cysteine Dependent Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pangenome analysis reveals the genetic basis for taxonomic classification of the Lactobacillaceae family 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lactobacillaceae represent a large family of important microbes that are foundational to the food industry. Many genome sequences of Lactobacillaceae strains are now available, enabling us to conduct a comprehensive pangenome analysis of this family. We collected 3,591 high-quality genomes from public sources and found that: 1) they contained enough genomes for 26 species to perform a pangenomic analysis, 2) the normalized Heaps coefficient {lambda} (a measure of pangenome openness) was found to have an average value of 0.27 (ranging from 0.07-0.37), 3) the pangenome openness was correlated with the abundance and genomic location of transposons and mobilomes, 4) the pangenome for each species was divided into core, accessory, and rare genomes, that highlight the species-specific properties (such as motility and restriction-modification systems), 5) the pangenome of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (which contained the highest number of genomes found amongst the 26 species studied) contained nine distinct phylogroups, and 6) genome mining revealed a richness of detected biosynthetic gene clusters, with functions ranging from antimicrobial and probiotic to food preservation, but [~]93% were of unknown function. This study provides the first in-depth comparative pangenomics analysis of the Lactobacillaceae family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohite, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardalani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahn, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.541042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pangenome analysis reveals the genetic basis for taxonomic classification of the Lactobacillaceae family]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning and host variable embedding augment microbiome-based simultaneous detection of multiple diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.16.541058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiome has emerged as a promising indicator or predictor of human diseases. However, previous studies typically labeled each specimen as either healthy or with a specific disease, ignoring the prevalence of complications or comorbidities in actual cohorts, which may confound the microbial-disease associations. For instance, a patient may suffer from multiple diseases, making it challenging to detect their health status accurately. Furthermore, host phenotypes such as physiological characteristics and lifestyles can alter the microbiome structure, but this information has not yet been fully utilized in data models. To address these issues, we propose a highly explainable deep learning (DL) method called Meta-Spec. Using a deep neural network (DNN) based approach, it encodes and embeds the refined host variables with microbiome features, enabling the detection of multiple diseases and their correlations simultaneously. Our experiments showed that Meta-Spec outperforms regular machine learning (ML) strategies for multi-label disease screening in several cohorts. More importantly, Meta-Spec can successfully detect comorbidities that are often missed by regular ML approaches. In addition, due to its high interpretability, Meta-Spec captures key factors that shape disease patterns from host variables and microbial members. Hence, these efforts improve the feasibility and sensitivity of microbiome-based disease screening in practical scenarios, representing a significant step towards personalized medicine and better health outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.16.541058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning and host variable embedding augment microbiome-based simultaneous detection of multiple diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the bacteriophage nucleus protein interaction network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the arms race between bacteria and bacteriophages (phages), some large-genome jumbo phages have evolved a protein shell that encloses their replicating genome to protect it against DNA-targeting immune factors. By segregating the genome from the host cytoplasm, however, the "phage nucleus" introduces the need to specifically transport mRNA and proteins through the nuclear shell, and to dock capsids on the shell for genome packaging. Here, we use proximity labeling and localization mapping to systematically identify proteins associated with the major nuclear shell protein chimallin (ChmA) and other distinctive structures assembled by these phages. We identify six uncharacterized nuclear shell-associated proteins, one of which directly interacts with self-assembled ChmA. The structure and protein-protein interaction network of this protein, which we term ChmB, suggests that it forms pores in the ChmA lattice that serve as docking sites for capsid genome packaging, and may also participate in mRNA and/or protein transport.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaikeeratisak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the bacteriophage nucleus protein interaction network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unsupervised Machine Learning Identifies Chromatin Accessibility Regulatory Networks that Define Cell State Transitions in Pluripotency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stem cells exist in vitro in a spectrum of interconvertible pluripotent states. Analyzing hundreds of hiPSCs derived from different individuals, we show the proportions of these pluripotent states vary considerably across lines. We discovered 13 gene network modules (GNMs) and 13 regulatory network modules (RNMs), which were highly correlated with each other suggesting that the coordinated co-accessibility of regulatory elements in the RNMs likely underlied the coordinated expression of genes in the GNMs. Epigenetic analyses revealed that regulatory networks underlying self-renewal and pluripotency have a surprising level of complexity. Genetic analyses identified thousands of regulatory variants that overlapped predicted transcription factor binding sites and were associated with chromatin accessibility in the hiPSCs. We show that the master regulator of pluripotency, the NANOG-OCT4 Complex, and its associated network were significantly enriched for regulatory variants with large effects, suggesting that they may play a role in the varying cellular proportions of pluripotency states between hiPSCs. Our work captures the coordinated activity of tens of thousands of regulatory elements in hiPSCs and bins these elements into discrete functionally characterized regulatory networks, shows that regulatory elements in pluripotency networks harbor variants with large effects, and provides a rich resource for future pluripotent stem cell research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSCORE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pera, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.20.541447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unsupervised Machine Learning Identifies Chromatin Accessibility Regulatory Networks that Define Cell State Transitions in Pluripotency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do cortical co-ripples bind lines, letters, words, meanings, strategy and action in reading? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether high-frequency phase-locked oscillations facilitate integration ( binding) of information across widespread cortical areas is controversial. Here we show with intracranial EEG that cortico-cortical co-ripples ([~]100ms long [~]90Hz oscillations) increase during reading and semantic decisions, at the times and co-locations when and where binding should occur. Fusiform wordform areas co-ripple with virtually all language areas, maximally from 200-400ms post-word-onset. Semantically-specified target words evoke strong co-rippling between wordform, semantic, executive and response areas from 400-800ms, with increased co-rippling between semantic, executive and response areas prior to correct responses. Co-ripples were phase-locked at zero-lag over long distances (>12cm), especially when many areas were co-rippling. General co-activation, indexed by non-oscillatory high gamma, was mainly confined to early latencies in fusiform and earlier visual areas, preceding co-ripples. These findings suggest that widespread synchronous co-ripples may assist the integration of multiple cortical areas for sustained periods during cognition.

One Sentence SummaryWidespread visual, wordform, semantic, executive and response areas phase-lock at 90Hz during integrative semantic processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garrett, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzhbinsky, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaestner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.20.541597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do cortical co-ripples bind lines, letters, words, meanings, strategy and action in reading?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pancreatic cancer mouse model with human immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) that promotes resistance to immunotherapy. A preclinical model system that facilitates studies of the TIME and its impact on the responsiveness of human PDAC to immunotherapies remains an unmet need. We report a novel mouse model, which develops metastatic human PDAC that becomes infiltrated by human immune cells recapitulating the TIME of human PDAC. The model may serve as a versatile platform to study the nature of human PDAC TIME and its response to various treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miyamura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floratos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunisada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masuda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugahara, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pancreatic cancer mouse model with human immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Projectome-defined subtypes and modular intra-hypothalamic subnetworks of peptidergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hypothalamus plays a vital role in coordinating essential neuroendocrine, autonomic, and somatomotor responses for survival and reproduction. While previous studies have explored population-level projections of hypothalamic neurons, the specific innervation patterns of individual hypothalamic axons remain unclear. To understand the organization of hypothalamic axon projections, we conducted a comprehensive reconstruction of single-cell projectomes from 7,180 mouse hypothalamic neurons expressing specific neuropeptides. Our analysis identified 31 distinct subtypes based on projectome-defined characteristics, with many exhibiting long-range axon collateral projections to multiple brain regions. Notably, these subtypes selectively targeted specific subdomains within downstream areas, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Furthermore, we observed that individual peptidergic neuronal types encompassed multiple projectome-defined subtypes, explaining their diverse functional roles. Additionally, by examining intra-hypothalamic axon projections, we uncovered six modular subnetworks characterized by enriched intramodular connections and distinct preferences for downstream targets. This modular organization of the intra-hypothalamic network likely contributes to the coordinated organization of hypothalamic outputs. In summary, our comprehensive projectome analysis reveals the organizational principles governing hypothalamic axon projections, providing a framework for understanding the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the diverse and coordinated functions of the hypothalamus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biglari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steuernagel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoop, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruning, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poo, M.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.25.542241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Projectome-defined subtypes and modular intra-hypothalamic subnetworks of peptidergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glaucoma-associated Optineurin mutations increase transmitophagy in a vertebrate optic nerve 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously described a process referred to as transmitophagy where mitochondria shed by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons are transferred to and degraded by surrounding astrocytes in the optic nerve head of mice. Since the mitophagy receptor Optineurin (OPTN) is one of few large- effect glaucoma genes and axonal damage occurs at the optic nerve head in glaucoma, here we explored whether OPTN mutations perturb transmitophagy. Live-imaging of Xenopus laevis optic nerves revealed that diverse human mutant but not wildtype OPTN increase stationary mitochondria and mitophagy machinery and their colocalization within, and in the case of the glaucoma-associated OPTN mutations also outside of, RGC axons. These extra-axonal mitochondria are degraded by astrocytes. Our studies support the view that in RGC axons under baseline conditions there are low levels of mitophagy, but that glaucoma-associated perturbations in OPTN result in increased axonal mitophagy involving the shedding and astrocytic degradation of the mitochondria.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=157 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/542507v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (34K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c1d3d4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13a33e6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2544beorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c456a5_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, c.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muscarella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh-Armstrong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glaucoma-associated Optineurin mutations increase transmitophagy in a vertebrate optic nerve]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
StressME: unified computing framework of Escherichia coli metabolism, gene expression, and stress responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Generalist microbes have adapted to a multitude of environmental stresses through their integrated stress response system. Individual stress responses have been quantified by E. coli metabolism and expression (ME) models under thermal, oxidative and acid stress, respectively. However, the systematic quantification of crosstalk among these stress responses remains lacking. Here, we present StressME: the unified stress response model of E. coli combining thermal (FoldME), oxidative (OxidizeME) and acid (AcidifyME) stress responses. StressME is the most up to date ME model for E. coli and it reproduces all published single-stress ME models. Additionally, it includes refined rate constants to improve prediction accuracy for wild-type and stress-evolved strains. StressME revealed certain optimal proteome allocation strategies associated with cross-stress responses. These stress-optimal proteomes were shaped by trade-offs between protective vs. metabolic enzymes; cytoplasmic vs. periplasmic chaperones; and expression of stress-specific proteins. As StressME is tuned to compute metabolic and gene expression responses under mild acid, oxidative, and thermal stresses, it is useful for engineering and health applications. The modular design of our open-source package also facilitates model expansion (e.g., to new stress mechanisms) by the computational biology community.

Author summaryA fundamental understanding of multi-stress adaptation in E.coli has potential industrial relevance. While individual stress responses have been quantified through the protein regulatory network in E.coli, the systematic quantification of the crosstalk among stress responses remains lacking. Here, we develop a new modeling pipeline by which thermal, oxidative and acid stress response can be coupled to each other, and the metabolic activities, protein and metabolic flux redistribution due to cross stress can be quantified. We optimize the effective rate constants in the integrated model. We then confirm the model robustness by validating against the published data under single stress. Finally, we use the model to characterize the cross-adaptation between protective and catalytic proteins as well as between chaperones present in different cellular compartments. We find effective cross-protection against cross stress by adapting the E.coli cells to the thermal stress first. We also indicate the presence of trade-offs by which the cell may refuse to give up more protein allocation away from one stress response to the other, because doing so would decrease stress tolerance further. The single stress plug-in design makes the model build-up pipeline flexible and expandable, allowing incorporation of more stressors into the model architecture for industrial applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[StressME: unified computing framework of Escherichia coli metabolism, gene expression, and stress responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global pathogenomic analysis identifies known and novel genetic antimicrobial resistance determinants in twelve species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Surveillance programs for managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have yielded thousands of genomes suited for data-driven mechanism discovery. We present a workflow integrating pangenomics, gene annotation, and machine learning to identify AMR genes at scale. Applied to 12 species, 27,155 genomes, and 69 drugs, we 1) found AMR gene transfer mostly confined within related species, with 925 genes in multiple species but just eight in multiple phylogenetic classes, 2) demonstrated that discovery-oriented support vector machines outperform contemporary methods at recovering known AMR genes, recovering 263 genes compared to 145 by Pyseer, and 3) identified 142 novel AMR gene candidates. Validation of two candidates in E. coli BW25113 revealed cases of conditional resistance:{Delta} cycA conferred ciprofloxacin resistance in minimal media with D-serine, and frdD V111D conferred ampicillin resistance in the presence of ampC by modifying the overlapping promoter. We expect this approach to be adaptable to other species and phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hyun, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global pathogenomic analysis identifies known and novel genetic antimicrobial resistance determinants in twelve species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replication initiation in bacteria: precision control based on protein counting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Balanced biosynthesis is the hallmark of bacterial cell physiology, where the concentrations of stable proteins remain steady. However, this poses a conceptual challenge to modeling the cell-cycle and cell-size controls in bacteria, as prevailing concentration-based eukaryote models are not directly applicable. In this study, we revisit and significantly extend the initiator-titration model, proposed thirty years ago, and explain how bacteria precisely and robustly control replication initiation based on the mechanism of protein copy-number sensing. Using a mean-field approach, we first derive an analytical expression of the cell size at initiation based on three biological mechanistic control parameters for an extended initiator-titration model. We also study the stability of our model analytically and show that initiation can become unstable in multifork replication conditions. Using simulations, we further show that the presence of the conversion between active and inactive initiator protein forms significantly represses initiation instability. Importantly, the two-step Poisson process set by the initiator titration step results in significantly improved initiation synchrony with CV [~] 1/N scaling rather than the standard [Formula] scaling in the Poisson process, where N is the total number of initiators required for initiation. Our results answer two long-standing questions in replication initiation: (1) Why do bacteria produce almost two orders of magnitude more DnaA, the master initiator proteins, than required for initiation? (2) Why does DnaA exist in active (DnaA-ATP) and inactive (DnaA-ADP) forms if only the active form is competent for initiation? The mechanism presented in this work provides a satisfying general solution to how the cell can achieve precision control without sensing protein concentrations, with broad implications from evolution to the design of synthetic cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replication initiation in bacteria: precision control based on protein counting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay between charge distribution and DNA in shaping HP1 paralog phase separation and localization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family is a crucial component of heterochromatin with diverse functions in gene regulation, cell cycle control, and cell differentiation. In humans, there are three paralogs, HP1, HP1{beta}, and HP1{gamma}, which exhibit remarkable similarities in their domain architecture and sequence properties. Nevertheless, these paralogs display distinct behaviors in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a process linked to heterochromatin formation. Here, we employ a coarse-grained simulation framework to uncover the sequence features responsible for the observed differences in LLPS. We highlight the significance of the net charge and charge patterning along the sequence in governing paralog LLPS propensities. We also show that both highly conserved folded and less-conserved disordered domains contribute to the observed differences. Furthermore, we explore the potential co-localization of different HP1 paralogs in multicomponent assemblies and the impact of DNA on this process. Importantly, our study reveals that DNA can significantly reshape the stability of a minimal condensate formed by HP1 paralogs due to competitive interactions of HP1 with HP1{beta} and HP1{gamma} versus DNA. In conclusion, our work highlights the physicochemical nature of interactions that govern the distinct phase-separation behaviors of HP1 paralogs and provides a molecular framework for understanding their role in chromatin organization.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phan, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.542535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay between charge distribution and DNA in shaping HP1 paralog phase separation and localization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of Darwinian evolution in Bayesian collectives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Building on the algorithmic equivalence between finite population replicator dynamics and particle filtering based approximation of Bayesian inference, we design a computational model to demonstrate the emergence of Darwinian evolution over representational units when collectives of units are selected to infer statistics of high-dimensional combinatorial environments. The non-Darwinian starting point is two units undergoing a few cycles of noisy, selection-dependent information transmission, corresponding to a serial (one comparison per cycle), non-cumulative process without heredity. Selection for accurate Bayesian inference at the collective level induces an adaptive path to the emergence of Darwinian evolution within the collectives, capable of maintaining and iteratively improving upon complex combinatorial information. When collectives are themselves Darwinian, this mechanism amounts to a top-down (filial) transition in individuality. We suggest that such a selection mechanism can explain the hypothesized emergence of fast timescale Darwinian dynamics over a population of neural representations within animal and human brains, endowing them with combinatorial planning capabilities. Further possible physical implementations include prebiotic collectives of non-replicating molecules and reinforcement learning agents with parallel policy search.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Csillag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giaffar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szathmary, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.542733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of Darwinian evolution in Bayesian collectives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient multi-fidelity computation of blood coagulation under flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clot formation is a crucial process that prevents bleeding, but can lead to severe disorders when imbalanced. This process is regulated by the coagulation cascade, a biochemical network that controls the enzyme thrombin, which converts soluble fibrinogen into the fibrin fibers that constitute clots. Coagulation cascade models are typically complex and involve dozens of partial differential equations (PDEs) representing various chemical species transport, reaction kinetics, and diffusion. Solving these PDE systems computationally is challenging, due to their large size and multi-scale nature.

We propose a multi-fidelity strategy to increase the efficiency of coagulation cascade simulations. Leveraging the slower dynamics of molecular diffusion, we transform the governing PDEs into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) representing the evolution of species concentrations versus blood residence time. We then Taylor-expand the ODE solution around the zero-diffusivity limit to obtain spatiotemporal maps of species concentrations in terms of the statistical moments of residence time, [Formula], and provide the governing PDEs for [Formula]. This strategy replaces a high-fidelity system of N PDEs representing the coagulation cascade of N chemical species by N ODEs and p PDEs governing the residence time statistical moments. The multi-fidelity order(p) allows balancing accuracy and computational cost, providing a speedup of over N/p compared to high-fidelity models.

Using a simplified coagulation network and an idealized aneurysm geometry with a pulsatile flow as a benchmark, we demonstrate favorable accuracy for low-order models of p = 1 and p = 2. These models depart from the high-fidelity solution by under 16% (p = 1) and 5% (p = 2) after 20 cardiac cycles.

The favorable accuracy and low computational cost of multi-fidelity models could enable unprecedented coagulation analyses in complex flow scenarios and extensive reaction networks. Furthermore, it can be generalized to advance our understanding of other systems biology networks affected by blood flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guerrero-Hurtado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Villalba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Legazpi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.542763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient multi-fidelity computation of blood coagulation under flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximal Molecular Probe Transfer (PROMPT), a new approach for identifying sites of protein/nucleic acid interaction in cells by correlated light and electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The binding and interaction of proteins with nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA constitutes a fundamental biochemical and biophysical process in all living organisms. Identifying and visualizing such temporal interactions in cells is key to understanding their function. To image sites of these events in cells across scales, we developed a method, named PROMPT for PROximal Molecular Probe Transfer, which is applicable to both light and correlative electron microscopy. This method relies on the transfer of a bound photosensitizer from a protein known to associate with specific nucleic acid sequence, allowing the marking of the binding site on DNA or RNA in fixed cells. The method produces a fluorescent mark at the site of their interaction, that can be made electron dense and reimaged at high resolution in the electron microscope. As proof of principle, we labeled in situ the interaction sites between the histone H2B and nuclear DNA. As an example of application for specific RNA localizations we labeled different nuclear and nucleolar fractions of the protein Fibrillarin to mark and locate where it associates with RNAs, also using electron tomography. While the current PROMPT method is designed for microscopy, with minimal variations, it can be potentially expanded to analytical techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castillon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximal Molecular Probe Transfer (PROMPT), a new approach for identifying sites of protein/nucleic acid interaction in cells by correlated light and electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell motility modes are selected by the interplay of mechanosensitive adhesion and membrane tension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The initiation of directional cell motion requires symmetry breaking that can happen both with or without external stimuli. During cell crawling, forces generated by the cytoskeleton and their transmission through mechanosensitive adhesions to the extracellular substrate play a crucial role. In a recently proposed 1D model (Sens, PNAS 2020), a mechanical feedback loop between force-sensitive adhesions and cell tension was shown to be sufficient to explain spontaneous symmetry breaking and multiple motility patterns through stick-slip dynamics, without the need to account for signaling networks or active polar gels. We extended this model to 2D to study the interplay between cell shape and mechanics during crawling. Through a local force balance along a deformable boundary, we show that the membrane tension coupled with shape change can regulate the spatiotemporal evolution of the stochastic binding of mechanosensitive adhesions. Linear stability analysis identified the unstable parameter regimes where spontaneous symmetry breaking can take place. Using simulations to solve the fully coupled nonlinear system of equations, we show that starting from a randomly perturbed circular shape, this instability can lead to keratocyte-like shapes. Simulations predict that different adhesion kinetics and membrane tension can result in different cell motility modes including gliding, zigzag, rotating, and sometimes chaotic movements. Thus, using a minimal model of cell motility, we identify that the interplay between adhesions and tension can select emergent motility modes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintillan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell motility modes are selected by the interplay of mechanosensitive adhesion and membrane tension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel method for tracking nitrogen kinetics in vivo and ex vivo using radioactive nitrogen-13 gas and Positron Emission Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleDecompression sickness (DCS) is caused by gaseous nitrogen dissolved in tissues forming bubbles during decompression. To date no method exists to identify nitrogen within tissues, but with advances in PET technology it may be possible to track gaseous radionuclides into tissues. We aimed to develop a method to track nitrogen movement in vivo that could then be used to further our understanding of DCS using nitrogen-13 (13N2) - a radioactive isotope of nitrogen that emits {beta}+ radiation.

MethodsA single anesthetized and ventilated Sprague Dawley rat lay supine inside a PET scanner for 30 min. The rat breathed oxygen for the first 2 min, then was switched to a bag containing 13N2 gas mixed with oxygen for 20 min, then breathed oxygen alone for the final 8 min. Gas samples were drawn from the inspiratory line at 5, 15 and 25 min. The PET scanner recorded 13N2 with energy windows of 250-750 keV. Following the scan, a mixed blood sample was taken from the heart, while the brain, liver, femur and thigh muscle were removed to determine organ radioactivity using a gamma counter.

ResultsThe gas samples at 5 (5.7 kbq.ml-1) and 15 min (5.3 kbq.ml-1) showed radioactivity in the inspired gas that was absent at 25 min (0.1 kbq.ml-1), when the 13N2 was stopped. The signal intensity in the PET scanner increased from baseline (0.03) to 2-12 min (0.68{+/-}0.31), and 12-22 min (0.88{+/-}0.06), before reducing slightly from 22-30 min (0.61{+/-}0.04). All organs had radioactivity when measured in the gamma counter, with the highest counts in the liver (12593 counts.min-1.g-1) and the lowest in the muscle (2687 counts.min-1.g-1).

Principal ConclusionsThis study successfully demonstrated a quantitative 3D imaging method of tracking nitrogen gas through the body both in vivo and ex vivo using PET.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashworth, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel method for tracking nitrogen kinetics in vivo and ex vivo using radioactive nitrogen-13 gas and Positron Emission Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.543532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Boltzmann model predicts glycan structures from lectin binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.543532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycans are complex oligosaccharides involved in many diseases and biological processes. Unfortunately, current methods for determining glycan composition and structure (glycan sequencing) are laborious and require a high level of expertise. Here, we assess the feasibility of sequencing glycans based on their lectin binding fingerprints. By training a Boltzmann model on lectin binding data, we predict the approximate structures of 88 {+/-} 7% of N-glycans and 87 {+/-} 13% of O-glycans in our test set. We show that our model generalizes well to the pharmaceutically relevant case of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell glycans. We also analyze the motif specificity of a wide array of lectins and identify the most and least predictive lectins and glycan features. These results could help streamline glycoprotein research and be of use to anyone using lectins for glycobiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHIANG, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.03.543532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Boltzmann model predicts glycan structures from lectin binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.543598v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of the TRIF pathway and downstream targets results in the development of precancerous lesions during infection with Helicobacter. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.04.543598v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an established cause of many digestive diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. However, the mechanism by which infection with H. pylori causes these disorders is still not clearly understood. This is due to insufficient knowledge of pathways that promote H. pylori-induced disease progression. We have established a Helicobacter-induced accelerated disease progression mouse model, which involves infecting mice deficient in the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 gene (Myd88-/-) with H. felis. Using this model, we report here that that progression of H. felis-induced inflammation to high-grade dysplasia was associated with activation of type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway and upregulation of related downstream target genes, IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These observations were further corroborated by the enrichment of ISRE motifs in the promoters of upregulated genes. Further we showed that H. felis-induced inflammation in mice deficient in Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-{beta} (TRIF, TrifLps2) did not progress to severe gastric pathology, indicating a role of the TRIF signaling pathway in disease pathogenesis and progression. Indeed, survival analysis in gastric biopsy samples from gastric cancer patients illustrated that high expression of Trif was significantly associated with poor survival in gastric cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lozano-Pope, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obonyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.04.543598</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of the TRIF pathway and downstream targets results in the development of precancerous lesions during infection with Helicobacter.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.05.543791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering cell and nuclear morphology on nano topography by contact-free protein micropatterning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.05.543791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Platforms with nanoscale topography have recently become powerful tools in cellular biophysics and bioengineering. Recent studies have shown that nanotopography affects various cellular processes like adhesion and endocytosis, as well as physical properties such as cell shape.

To engineer nanopillars more effectively for biomedical applications, it is crucial to gain better control and understanding of how nanopillars affect cell and nuclear physical properties, such as shape and spreading area, and impact cellular processes like endocytosis and adhesion. In this study, we utilized a laser-assisted micropatterning technique to manipulate the 2D architectures of cells on 3D nanopillar platforms. We performed a comprehensive analysis of cellular and nuclear morphology and deformation on both nanopillar and flat substrates. Our findings demonstrate precise engineering of cellular architectures through 2D micropatterning on nanopillar platforms. We show that the coupling between nuclear and cell shape is disrupted on nanopillar surfaces compared to flat surfaces. Furthermore, we discovered that cell elongation on nanopillars enhances nanopillar-induced endocytosis. These results have significant implications for various biomedical applications of nanopillars, including drug delivery, drug screening, intracellular electrophysiology, and biosensing. We believe our platform serves as a versatile tool for further explorations, facilitating investigations into the interplay between cell physical properties and alterations in cellular processes.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=89 SRC="FIGDIR/small/543791v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarikhani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pushpa Meganathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquez-Serrano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyldgaard Klausen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.05.543791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering cell and nuclear morphology on nano topography by contact-free protein micropatterning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.06.542650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The proprotein convertase BLI-4 promotes collagen secretion during assembly of the  Caenorhabditis elegans  cuticle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.06.542650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some types of collagens, including transmembrane MACIT collagens and C. elegans cuticle collagens, are N-terminally cleaved at a dibasic site that resembles the consensus for furin or other proprotein convertases of the subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) family. Such cleavage may release transmembrane collagens from the plasma membrane and affect extracellular matrix assembly or structure. However, the functional consequences of such cleavage are unclear and evidence for the role of specific PCSKs is lacking. Here, we used endogenous collagen fusions to fluorescent proteins to visualize the secretion and assembly of the first collagen-based cuticle in C. elegans and then tested the role of the PCSK BLI-4 in these processes. Unexpectedly, we found that cuticle collagens SQT-3 and DPY-17 are secreted into the extraembryonic space several hours before cuticle matrix assembly. Furthermore, this early secretion depends on BLI-4/PCSK; in bli-4 and cleavage-site mutants, SQT-3 and DPY-17 are not efficiently secreted and instead form large intracellular aggregates. Their later assembly into cuticle matrix is reduced but not entirely blocked. These data reveal a role for collagen N-terminal processing in intracellular trafficking and in the spatial and temporal restriction of matrix assembly in vivo. Our observations also prompt a revision of the classic model for C. elegans cuticle matrix assembly and the pre-cuticle-to-cuticle transition, suggesting that cuticle layer assembly proceeds via a series of regulated steps and not simply by sequential secretion and deposition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birnbaum, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J. R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.06.542650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The proprotein convertase BLI-4 promotes collagen secretion during assembly of the  Caenorhabditis elegans  cuticle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.543965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.07.543965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a need to define regions of gene activation or repression that control human kidney cells in states of health, injury, and repair to understand the molecular pathogenesis of kidney disease and design therapeutic strategies. However, comprehensive integration of gene expression with epigenetic features that define regulatory elements remains a significant challenge. We measured dual single nucleus RNA expression and chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3 histone modifications to decipher the chromatin landscape and gene regulation of the kidney in reference and adaptive injury states. We established a comprehensive and spatially-anchored epigenomic atlas to define the kidneys active, silent, and regulatory accessible chromatin regions across the genome. Using this atlas, we noted distinct control of adaptive injury in different epithelial cell types. A proximal tubule cell transcription factor network of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 regulated the transition between health and injury, while in thick ascending limb cells this transition was regulated by NR2F1. Further, combined perturbation of ELF3, KLF6, and KLF10 distinguished two adaptive proximal tubular cell subtypes, one of which manifested a repair trajectory after knockout. This atlas will serve as a foundation to facilitate targeted cell-specific therapeutics by reprogramming gene regulatory networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gisch, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo Ferreira, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akilesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghag, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovin, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conklin, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asghari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabo, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferkowicz, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Boer, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosas, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alakwaa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehlenborg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelfarb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidney Precision Medicine Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ra</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.07.543965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin landscape of healthy and injured cell types in the human kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544225v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale map of RNA binding protein interactomes across the mRNA life-cycle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544225v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in diverse ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) during distinct life-cycle stages for their processing and maturation. While substantial attention has focused on understanding RNA regulation by assigning proteins, particularly RBPs, to specific RNA substrates, there has been considerably less exploration leveraging protein-protein interaction (PPI) methodologies to identify and study the role of proteins in mRNA life-cycle stages. To address this gap, we generated an RNA-aware RBP-centric PPI map across the mRNA life-cycle by immunopurification (IP-MS) of [~]100 endogenous RBPs across the life-cycle in the presence or absence of RNase, augmented by size exclusion chromatography (SEC-MS). Aside from confirming 8,700 known and discovering 20,359 novel interactions between 1125 proteins, we determined that 73% of our IP interactions are regulated by the presence of RNA. Our PPI data enables us to link proteins to life-cycle stage functions, highlighting that nearly half of the proteins participate in at least two distinct stages. We show that one of the most highly interconnected proteins, ERH, engages in multiple RNA processes, including via interactions with nuclear speckles and the mRNA export machinery. We also demonstrate that the spliceosomal protein SNRNP200 participates in distinct stress granule-associated RNPs and occupies different RNA target regions in the cytoplasm during stress. Our comprehensive RBP-focused PPI network is a novel resource for identifying multi-stage RBPs and exploring RBP complexes in RNA maturation.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIAn RBP-centric RNA-aware PPI network focuses on the mRNA life-cycle in human cells
C_LIO_LIPrey-prey correlation analysis assigns prey proteins to life-cycle stages, of which 536 proteins (half of the network) interact with multiple steps
C_LIO_LIERH is highly connected to multiple RNPs to affect nuclear speckle organization and mRNA export
C_LIO_LISplicing factor SNRNP200 interacts with stress granule proteins and has distinct RNA occupancy in the cytoplasm
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Street, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Azzam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bokor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doron-Mandel, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahdout, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madrigel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mujumba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544225</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale map of RNA binding protein interactomes across the mRNA life-cycle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and regeneration. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscular atrophy is a mortality risk factor that happens with disuse, chronic disease, and aging. Recovery from atrophy requires changes in several cell types including muscle fibers, and satellite and immune cells. Here we show that Zfp697/ZNF697 is a damage-induced regulator of muscle regeneration, during which its expression is transiently elevated. Conversely, sustained Zfp697 expression in mouse muscle leads to a gene expression signature of chemokine secretion, immune cell recruitment, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Myofiber-specific Zfp697 ablation hinders the inflammatory and regenerative response to muscle injury, compromising functional recovery. We uncover Zfp697 as an essential interferon gamma mediator in muscle cells, interacting primarily with ncRNAs such as the pro-regenerative miR-206. In sum, we identify Zfp697 as an integrator of cell-cell communication necessary for tissue regeneration.

One Sentence SummaryZfp697 is necessary for interferon gamma signaling and muscle regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Correia, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jannig, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosztyla, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ducommun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Praestholm, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edsgard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emanuelsson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregorevic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerblad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venckunas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazaitis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamandulis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanner, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruas, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zfp697 is an RNA-binding protein that regulates skeletal muscle inflammation and regeneration.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Resolution Characterization of Human Brain Cortex with High-Fidelity Spatial Transcriptomic Slides (HiFi-Slides) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomic tools and platforms help researchers to inspect tissues and cells with fine details of how they differentiate in expressions and how they orient themselves. With the higher resolution we get and higher throughput of expression targets, spatial analysis can truly become the core player for cell clustering, migration study, and, eventually, the novel model for pathological study. We present the demonstration of HiFi-slide, a whole transcriptomic sequencing technique that recycles used sequenced-by-synthesis flow cell surfaces to a high-resolution spatial mapping tool that can be directly applied to tissue cell gradient analysis, gene expression analysis, cell proximity analysis, and other cellular-level spatial studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Resolution Characterization of Human Brain Cortex with High-Fidelity Spatial Transcriptomic Slides (HiFi-Slides)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NMFClustering: Accessible NMF-based clustering utilizing GPU acceleration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryNon-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an algorithm that can reduce high dimensional datasets of tens of thousands of genes to a handful of metagenes which are biologically easier to interpret. Application of NMF on gene expression data has been limited by its computationally intensive nature, which hinders its use on large datasets such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) count matrices. We have implemented NMF based clustering to run on high performance GPU compute nodes using CuPy, a GPU backed python library, and the Message Passing Interface (MPI). This reduces the computation time by up to three orders of magnitude and makes the NMF Clustering analysis of large RNA-Seq and scRNA-seq datasets practical. We have made the method freely available through the GenePattern gateway, which provides free public access to hundreds of tools for the analysis and visualization of multiple  omic data types. Its web-based interface gives easy access to these tools and allows the creation of multi-step analysis pipelines on high performance computing (HPC) clusters that enable reproducible in silico research for non-programmers.

Availability and ImplementationNMFClustering is freely available on the public GenePattern server at https://genepattern.ucsd.edu. Code for the NMFClustering is available under a BSD style license on github at https://github.com/genepattern/nmf-gpu.

ContactTed Liefeld, jliefeld@cloud.ucsd.edu

Supplementary InformationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online and at https://datasets.genepattern.org/?prefix=data/test_data/NMFClustering/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liefeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sicklick, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NMFClustering: Accessible NMF-based clustering utilizing GPU acceleration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nyctinastic leaf folding mimic reduces herbivory by Chromacris trogon grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Romaleidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arachis pintoi (Fabaceae) is a common relative of the cultivated peanut, and folds its four leaflets up to look like one at night. The adaptive significance of this behavior (foliar nyctinasty) is unknown. To test the hypothesis that leaflet folding alone can deter herbivores, a leaf preference experiment was performed on Chromacris trogon grasshoppers. Small oval cutouts were made from leaves of the grasshoppers preferred food source, Iochroma arborescens (Solanaceae), and were combined with small pieces of tape and dry grass to construct artificial leaves resembling the day and night form of A. pintoi. In the experiment, groups of three grasshoppers were starved for 24 hours and then placed in petri dishes containing one closed and one open artificial leaf. After 30 six-hour trials, the average herbivory of open leaves was 12.3%, while closed leaves was 5.2% (p = 0.00145), indicating a significant preference for open leaves. This suggests that the folded configuration of A. pintoi leaves can be a defense against herbivory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nyctinastic leaf folding mimic reduces herbivory by Chromacris trogon grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Romaleidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.544125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal Control of Genomics and Epigenomics by Ultrasound 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.544125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a revolutionary technology for genome editing. Its derived technologies such as CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) further allow transcriptional and epigenetic modulations. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can penetrate deep in biological tissues and induce mild hyperthermia in a confined region to activate heat-sensitive genes. Here we engineer a set of CRISPR(a/i) tools containing heat-sensitive genetic modules controllable by FUS for the regulation of genome and epigenome in live cells and animals. We demonstrated the capabilities of FUS-inducible CRISPRa, CRISPRi, and CRISPR (FUS-CRISPR(a/i)) to upregulate, repress, and knockout exogenous and/or endogenous genes, respectively, in different cell types. We further targeted FUS-CRISPR to telomeres in tumor cells to induce telomere disruption, inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing tumor susceptibility to killing by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. FUS-CRISPR-mediated telomere disruption for tumor priming combined with CAR-T therapy demonstrated synergistic therapeutic effects in xenograft mouse models. The FUS-CRISPR(a/i) toolbox allows the remote, noninvasive, and spatiotemporal control of genomic and epigenomic reprogramming in vivo, with extended applications in cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Situ, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyquem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.544125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal Control of Genomics and Epigenomics by Ultrasound]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Liquid-like condensates mediate competition between actin branching and bundling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular remodeling of actin networks underlies cell motility during key morphological events, from embryogenesis to metastasis. In these transformations there is an inherent competition between actin branching and bundling, because steric clashes among branches create a mechanical barrier to bundling. Recently, liquid-like condensates consisting purely of proteins involved in either branching or bundling of the cytoskeleton have been found to catalyze their respective functions. Yet in the cell, proteins that drive branching and bundling are present simultaneously. In this complex environment, which factors determine whether a condensate drives filaments to branch versus becoming bundled? To answer this question, we added the branched actin nucleator, Arp2/3, to condensates composed of VASP, an actin bundling protein. At low actin to VASP ratios, branching activity, mediated by Arp2/3, robustly inhibited VASP-mediated bundling of filaments, in agreement with agent-based simulations. In contrast, as the actin to VASP ratio increased, addition of Arp2/3 led to formation of aster-shaped structures, in which bundled filaments emerged from a branched actin core, analogous to filopodia emerging from a branched lamellipodial network. These results demonstrate that multi-component, liquid-like condensates can modulate the inherent competition between bundled and branched actin morphologies, leading to organized, higher-order structures, similar to those found in motile cells.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReorganization of actin filaments allows cells to migrate, which is required for embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. During migration, the leading-edge of the cell consists of needle-like protrusions of bundled actin, which emanate from a sheet of branched actin. Given that the proteins responsible for both architectures are present simultaneously, what determines whether actin filaments will be branched or bundled? Here we show that liquid-like condensates, composed of both branching and bundling proteins, can mediate the inherent competition between these fundamentally different ways of organizing actin networks. This work demonstrates that by tuning the composition of condensates, we can recapitulate the transition from branched to bundled networks, a key step in cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Graham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Liquid-like condensates mediate competition between actin branching and bundling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Luminal transport rates through intact endoplasmic reticulum limit the magnitude of localized Ca2+ signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms an interconnected network of tubules stretching throughout the cell. Understanding how ER functionality relies on its structural organization is crucial for elucidating cellular vulnerability to ER perturbations, which have been implicated in several neuronal pathologies. One of the key functions of the ER is enabling Ca2+ signalling by storing large quantities of this ion and releasing it into the cytoplasm in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Through a combination of physical modeling and livecell imaging, we demonstrate that alterations in ER shape significantly impact its ability to support efficient local Ca2+ releases, due to hindered transport of luminal content within the ER. Our model reveals that rapid Ca2+ release necessitates mobile luminal buffer proteins with moderate binding strength, moving through a well-connected network of ER tubules. These findings provide insight into the functional advantages of normal ER architecture, emphasizing its importance as a kinetically efficient intracellular Ca2+ delivery system.

Significance StatementThe peripheral endoplasmic reticulum forms a continuous network of tubules extending through the entire cell. One of the key functional roles of the ER is the release of Ca2+ ions into the cytosol to support a broad diversity of intracellular signaling processes. Such release events are enabled by the high Ca2+ storage capacity of the ER. This work demonstrates that mobile Ca2+binding buffer proteins and a well-connected lattice-like architecture of the ER network are optimal to supply local Ca2+ signals and that changes in ER structure can modulate Ca2+ release. By linking transport kinetics to Ca2+ release, we demonstrate a key functional role for the interconnected network architecture of the ER.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crapart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konno, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avezov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Luminal transport rates through intact endoplasmic reticulum limit the magnitude of localized Ca2+ signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CaBLAM! A high-contrast bioluminescent Ca2+ indicator derived from an engineered Oplophorus gracilirostris luciferase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Measuring ongoing cellular activity is essential to understanding the dynamic functions of biological organisms. The most popular current approach is imaging fluorescence-based genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs). While fluorescent probes are useful in many contexts, bioluminescence-based GECIs--probes that generate light through oxidation of a small-molecule by a luciferase or photoprotein--have several distinct advantages. Because bioluminescent (BL) GECIs do not use the bright extrinsic excitation light required for fluorescence, BL GECIs do not photobleach, do not suffer from nonspecific autofluorescent background, and do not cause phototoxicity. Further, BL GECIs can be applied in contexts where directly shining photons on an imaging target is not possible. Despite these advantages, the use of BL GECIs has to date been limited by their small changes in bioluminescence intensity, high baseline signal at resting Ca2+ concentrations, and suboptimal Ca2+ affinities. Here, we describe a new BL GECI, CaBLAM (Ca2+ BioLuminescence Activity Monitor), that displays much higher dynamic range than previous BL GECIs and has a Ca2+ affinity suitable for capturing physiological changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. With these improvements, CaBLAM captures single-cell and subcellular resolution activity at high frame rates in cultured neurons and in vivo, and allows multi-hour recordings in mice and behaving zebrafish. This new advance provides a robust alternative to traditional fluorescent GECIs that can enable or enhance imaging across many experimental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lambert, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprecher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tree, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orcutt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heydari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torreblanca Zanca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.25.546478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CaBLAM! A high-contrast bioluminescent Ca2+ indicator derived from an engineered Oplophorus gracilirostris luciferase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Enhancers in Craniofacial Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.546603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic basis of craniofacial birth defects and general variation in human facial shape remains poorly understood. Distant-acting transcriptional enhancers are a major category of non-coding genome function and have been shown to control the fine-tuned spatiotemporal expression of genes during critical stages of craniofacial development1-3. However, a lack of accurate maps of the genomic location and cell type-specific in vivo activities of all craniofacial enhancers prevents their systematic exploration in human genetics studies. Here, we combined histone modification and chromatin accessibility profiling from different stages of human craniofacial development with single-cell analyses of the developing mouse face to create a comprehensive catalogue of the regulatory landscape of facial development at tissue- and single cell-resolution. In total, we identified approximately 14,000 enhancers across seven developmental stages from weeks 4 through 8 of human embryonic face development. We used transgenic mouse reporter assays to determine the in vivo activity patterns of human face enhancers predicted from these data. Across 16 in vivo validated human enhancers, we observed a rich diversity of craniofacial subregions in which these enhancers are active in vivo. To annotate the cell type specificities of human-mouse conserved enhancers, we performed single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus ATAC-seq of mouse craniofacial tissues from embryonic days e11.5 to e15.5. By integrating these data across species, we find that the majority (56%) of human craniofacial enhancers are functionally conserved in mice, providing cell type- and embryonic stage-resolved predictions of their in vivo activity profiles. Using retrospective analysis of known craniofacial enhancers in combination with single cell-resolved transgenic reporter assays, we demonstrate the utility of these data for predicting the in vivo cell type specificity of enhancers. Taken together, our data provide an expansive resource for genetic and developmental studies of human craniofacial development.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajderkar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paraiso, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbellay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spurrell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterwalder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barozzi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuda-Yuzawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plajzer-Frick, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Maydell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisgo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.26.546603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Enhancers in Craniofacial Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations in single cells of the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARY PARAGRAPHThe dynamically organized chromatin complexes often involve multiplex chromatin interactions and sometimes chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA) 1-3. Chromatin complex compositions change during cellular differentiation and aging, and are expected to be highly heterogeneous among terminally differentiated single cells 4-7. Here we introduce the Multi-Nucleic Acid Interaction Mapping in Single Cell (MUSIC) technique for concurrent profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations within individual nuclei. Applied to 14 human frontal cortex samples from elderly donors, MUSIC delineates diverse cortical cell types and states. We observed the nuclei exhibiting fewer short-range chromatin interactions are correlated with an "older" transcriptomic signature and with Alzheimers pathology. Furthermore, the cell type exhibiting chromatin contacts between cis expression quantitative trait loci (cis eQTLs) and a promoter tends to be the cell type where these cis eQTLs specifically affect their target genes expression. Additionally, the female cortical cells exhibit highly heterogeneous interactions between the XIST non-coding RNA and Chromosome X, along with diverse spatial organizations of the X chromosomes. MUSIC presents a potent tool for exploring chromatin architecture and transcription at cellular resolution in complex tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint profiling of multiplex chromatin interactions, gene expression, and RNA-chromatin associations in single cells of the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep immunophenotyping reveals circulating activated lymphocytes in individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with currently no universally highly effective prevention strategies. Identifying pathogenic immune phenotypes in  At-Risk populations prior to clinical disease onset is crucial to establishing effective prevention strategies. Here, we applied mass cytometry to deeply characterize the immunophenotypes in blood from At-Risk individuals identified through the presence of serum antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA) and/or first-degree relative (FDR) status (n=52), as compared to established RA (n=67), and healthy controls (n=48). We identified significant cell expansions in At-Risk individuals compared with controls, including CCR2+CD4+ T cells, T peripheral helper (Tph) cells, type 1 T helper cells, and CXCR5+CD8+ T cells. We also found that CD15+ classical monocytes were specifically expanded in ACPA-negative FDRs, and an activated PAX5low naive B cell population was expanded in ACPA-positive FDRs. Further, we developed an "RA immunophenotype score" classification method based on the degree of enrichment of cell states relevant to established RA patients. This score significantly distinguished At-Risk individuals from controls. In all, we systematically identified activated lymphocyte phenotypes in At-Risk individuals, along with immunophenotypic differences among both ACPA+ and ACPA-FDR At-Risk subpopulations. Our classification model provides a promising approach for understanding RA pathogenesis with the goal to further improve prevention strategies and identify novel therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Inamo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keegan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horisberger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murzin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feser, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apruzzese, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridges, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bykerk, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donlin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bathon, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabechian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitzalis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>H. Anolik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guthridge, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Accelerating Medicines Partnership RA/SLE Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holers, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deane, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lederer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep immunophenotyping reveals circulating activated lymphocytes in individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Covalent macrocyclic proteasome inhibitors mitigate resistance in Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Plasmodium proteasome is a promising antimalarial drug target due to its essential role in all parasite lifecycle stages. Furthermore, proteasome inhibitors have synergistic effects when combined with current first-line artemisinins. Linear peptides that covalently inhibit the proteasome are effective at killing parasites and have a low propensity for inducing resistance. However, these scaffolds generally suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Here we describe the development of covalent, irreversible macrocyclic inhibitors of the P. falciparum proteasome. We identified compounds with excellent potency and low cytotoxicity, however, the first generation suffered from poor microsomal stability. Further optimization of an existing macrocyclic scaffold resulted in an irreversible covalent inhibitor carrying a vinyl sulfone electrophile that retained high potency, low cytotoxicity, and had acceptable metabolic stability. Importantly, unlike the parent reversible inhibitor that selected for multiple mutations in the proteasome, with one resulting in a 5,000-fold loss of potency, the irreversible analog only showed a 5-fold loss in potency for any single point mutation. Furthermore, an epoxyketone analog of the same scaffold retained potency against a panel of known proteasome mutants. These results confirm that macrocycles are optimal scaffolds to target the malarial proteasome and that the use of a covalent electrophile can greatly reduce the ability of the parasite to generate drug resistance mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabeche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faucher, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Covalent macrocyclic proteasome inhibitors mitigate resistance in Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exposure to constant artificial light alters honey bee sleep rhythms and disrupts sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is known to create changes in animal behavior in some invertebrates and vertebrates and can result in decreased fitness. ALAN effects have not been studied in European honey bees (Apis mellifera), an important pollinator. Colonies can be exposed to ALAN in swarm clusters, when bees cluster outside the nest on hot days and evenings, and, in limited cases, when they build nests in the open. Forager bees maintained in incubated cages were subjected to constant light or dark and observed with infrared cameras. The bees maintained a regular sleep pattern for three days but showed a shift on the fourth day in the presence of continuous light. Bees under constant light demonstrated a 24.05-hour rhythm, compared to a 23.12-hour rhythm in the dark. After 95 hours, the light-exposed bees slept significantly less and experienced significantly more disturbances from their peers. They also preferred to sleep in the lower portion of the cages, which had lower light intensity. These findings suggest that ALAN can disrupt honey bees sleep patterns, which may have implications for their behavior and overall colony health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saavedra, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smarr, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieh, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exposure to constant artificial light alters honey bee sleep rhythms and disrupts sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic Germline Variants Predict Cancer Prognosis and Risk and Distribute Uniquely in Topologically Associating Domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal cells. A recent study uncovered methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) associated with different levels of local DNA methylation in cancers. Here, we investigated whether the distribution of cancer meQTLs reflected functional organization of the genome in the form of chromatin topologically associated domains (TADs), and evaluated whether cancer meQTLs near known driver genes have the potential to influence cancer risk or progression. At TAD boundaries, we observed differences in the distribution of meQTLs when one or both of the adjacent TADs was transcriptionally active, with higher densities near inactive TADs. Furthermore, we found differences in cancer meQTL distributions in active versus inactive TADs and observed an enrichment of meQTLs in active TADs near tumor suppressors, whereas there was a depletion of such meQTLs near oncogenes. Several meQTLs were associated with cancer risk in the UKBioBank, and we were able to reproduce breast cancer risk associations in the DRIVE cohort. Survival analysis in TCGA implicated a number of meQTLs in 13 tumor types. In 10 of these, polygenic meQTL scores were associated with increased hazard in a CoxPH analysis. Risk and survival-associated meQTLs tended to affect cancer genes involved in DNA damage repair and cellular adhesion and reproduced cancer-specific associations reported in prior literature. In summary, this study provides evidence that genetic variants that influence local DNA methylation are affected by chromatin structure and can impact tumor evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goudarzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagadala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talwar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic Germline Variants Predict Cancer Prognosis and Risk and Distribute Uniquely in Topologically Associating Domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.07.548156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved antigen induces respiratory Th17-mediated serotype-independent protection against pneumococcal superinfection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.07.548156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several vaccines targeting bacterial pathogens show reduced efficacy in the context of intercurrent viral infection indicating a new vaccinology approach is required to protect against such superinfections. To find antigens for the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae that are effective following influenza infection, we performed CRISPRi-seq in a murine model of superinfection and identified the highly conserved lafB gene as virulence factor. We show that LafB is a membrane-associated, intracellular protein that catalyzes the formation of galactosyl-glucosyl-diacylglycerol, a glycolipid we show is important for cell wall homeostasis. Respiratory vaccination with recombinant LafB, in contrast to subcutaneous vaccination, was highly protective against all serotypes in a murine model. In contrast to standard pneumococcal capsule-based conjugate vaccines, protection did not require LafB-specific antibodies but was dependent on airway CD4+ T helper 17 cells. Healthy human individuals can elicit LafB-specific immune responses, suggesting its merit as a universal pneumococcal vaccine antigen that remains effective following influenza infection.

One-Sentence SummaryDiscovery of a universal pneumococcal vaccine protective during superinfection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Maele, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matarazzo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soulard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves Duarte da Silva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bakker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denereaz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirard, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veening, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.07.548156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved antigen induces respiratory Th17-mediated serotype-independent protection against pneumococcal superinfection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assigning mutational signatures to individual samples and individual somatic mutations with SigProfilerAssignment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analysis of mutational signatures is a powerful approach for understanding the mutagenic processes that have shaped the evolution of a cancer genome. Here we present SigProfilerAssignment, a desktop and an online computational framework for assigning all types of mutational signatures to individual samples. SigProfilerAssignment is the first tool that allows both analysis of copy-number signatures and probabilistic assignment of signatures to individual somatic mutations. As its computational engine, the tool uses a custom implementation of the forward stagewise algorithm for sparse regression and nonnegative least squares for numerical optimization. Analysis of 2,700 synthetic cancer genomes with and without noise demonstrates that SigProfilerAssignment outperforms four commonly used approaches for assigning mutational signatures. SigProfilerAssignment is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerAssignment with a web implementation at https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/signatures/assignment/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, S. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermes, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimman, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senkin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.10.548264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assigning mutational signatures to individual samples and individual somatic mutations with SigProfilerAssignment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Handling difficult cryo-ET samples: A study with primary neurons from Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular neurobiology has benefited from recent advances in the field of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Numerous structural and ultrastructural insights have been obtained from plunge-frozen primary neurons cultured on electron microscopy grids. With most primary neurons been derived from rodent sources, we sought to expand the breadth of sample availability by using primary neurons derived from 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larval brains. Ultrastructural abnormalities were encountered while establishing this model system for cryo-ET, which were exemplified by excessive membrane blebbing and cellular fragmentation. To optimize neuronal samples, we integrated substrate selection, micropatterning, montage data collection, and chemical fixation. Efforts to address difficulties in establishing Drosophila neurons for future cryo-ET studies in cellular neurobiology also provided insights that future practitioners can use when attempting to establish other cell-based model systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenpas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dent, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildonger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.10.548468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Handling difficult cryo-ET samples: A study with primary neurons from Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems Age: A single blood methylation test to quantify aging heterogeneity across 11 physiological systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals, organs, tissues, and cells age in diverse ways throughout the lifespan. Epigenetic clocks attempt to quantify differential aging between individuals, but they typically summarize aging as a single measure, ignoring within-person heterogeneity. Our aim was to develop novel systems-based methylation clocks that, when assessed in blood, capture aging in distinct physiological systems. We combined supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods to link DNA methylation, system-specific clinical chemistry and functional measures, and mortality risk. This yielded a panel of 11 system-specific scores- Heart, Lung, Kidney, Liver, Brain, Immune, Inflammatory, Blood, Musculoskeletal, Hormone, and Metabolic. Each system score predicted a wide variety of outcomes, aging phenotypes, and conditions specific to the respective system. We also combined the system scores into a composite Systems Age clock that is predictive of aging across physiological systems in an unbiased manner. Finally, we showed that the system scores clustered individuals into unique aging subtypes that had different patterns of age-related disease and decline. Overall, our biological systems based epigenetic framework captures aging in multiple physiological systems using a single blood draw and assay and may inform the development of more personalized clinical approaches for improving age-related quality of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sehgal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadyab, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crimmins, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assimes, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins-Chen, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems Age: A single blood methylation test to quantify aging heterogeneity across 11 physiological systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overcoming Resolution Attenuation During Tilted Cryo-EM Data Collection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural biology efforts using cryogenic electron microscopy are frequently stifled by specimens adopting "preferred orientations" on grids, leading to anisotropic map resolution and impeding structure determination. Tilting the specimen stage during data collection is a generalizable solution but has historically led to substantial resolution attenuation. Here, we develop updated data collection and image processing workflows and demonstrate, using multiple specimens, that resolution attenuation is negligible or significantly reduced across tilt angles. Reconstructions with and without the stage tilted as high as 60{degrees} are virtually indistinguishable. These strategies allowed the reconstruction to 3 [A] resolution of a bacterial RNA polymerase with preferred orientation. Furthermore, we present a quantitative framework that allows cryo-EM practitioners to define an optimal tilt angle for dataset acquisition. These data reinforce the utility of employing stage tilt for data collection and provide quantitative metrics to obtain isotropic maps.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aiyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehrani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passos, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Đorđevic-Marquardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietzsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoshika, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barad, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbandje-Mckenna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyumkis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.548955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overcoming Resolution Attenuation During Tilted Cryo-EM Data Collection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycan-specific IgM is critical for human immunity to Staphylococcus aureus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen but the immune factors that protect against it remain elusive. In particular, high opsonic IgG titers achieved in preclinical S. aureus animal immunization studies have consistently failed to translate to protection in human clinical trials. Here, we investigated the antibody responses to a conserved surface glycan, Wall Teichoic Acid (WTA). IgM and IgG antibodies specific to WTA were universally present in plasma from healthy individuals. Functionally, WTA-specific IgM outperformed IgG in opsonophagocytic killing of S. aureus and conferred passive protection against S. aureus infection in vivo. In the clinical setting, WTA-specific IgM responses, but not IgG responses, were significantly lower in S. aureus bacteremia patients compared to healthy individuals, correlated with mortality risk and showed impaired bacterial opsonization. Our findings can guide risk stratification of hospitalized patients and inform future design of antibody-based therapies and vaccines against serious S. aureus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hendriks, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerkman, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varkila, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haitsma-Mulier, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ten Doesschate, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Vaart, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Haas, C. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerts, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremer, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonten, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codee, J. D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rooijakkers, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Strijp, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Sorge, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.548956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycan-specific IgM is critical for human immunity to Staphylococcus aureus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The MEK-ERK signaling pathway promotes maintenance of cardiac chamber identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ventricular and atrial cardiac chambers have unique structural and contractile characteristics that underlie their distinct functions. Intriguingly, the maintenance of chamber-specific features requires active reinforcement, even in differentiated cardiomyocytes. Prior studies in zebrafish have shown that sustained FGF signaling acts upstream of nkx2.5 to maintain ventricular identity, but the rest of this maintenance pathway remains unclear. Here, we show that MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling acts downstream of FGF and upstream of nkx2.5 to promote ventricular maintenance. Inhibition of MEK signaling, like inhibition of FGF signaling, results in ectopic atrial gene expression and reduced ventricular gene expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes. FGF and MEK signaling both influence ventricular maintenance over a similar timeframe, when phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is present in the myocardium. However, the role of FGF-MEK activity seems to be context-dependent: some ventricular regions are more sensitive than others to inhibition of FGF-MEK signaling. Additionally, in the atrium, although endogenous pERK does not induce ventricular traits, heightened MEK signaling can provoke ectopic ventricular gene expression. Together, our data reveal chamber-specific roles of MEK-ERK signaling in the maintenance of ventricular and atrial identities.

SUMMARY STATEMENTThe MEK-ERK signaling pathway plays distinct roles in the maintenance of ventricular and atrial cardiomyocyte identities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The MEK-ERK signaling pathway promotes maintenance of cardiac chamber identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549745v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting roles of different mismatch repair proteins in basal-like breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549745v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is known as a tumor suppressive pathway and genes involved in MMR are commonly mutated in hereditary colorectal or other cancer types. However, the function of MMR genes/proteins in breast cancer progression and metastasis are largely undefined. We found that MSH2, but not MLH1, is highly enriched in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) and that its protein expression is inversely correlated with overall survival time (OS). MSH2 expression is frequently elevated due to genomic amplification or gain-of-expression in BLBC, which results in increased MSH2 protein to pair with MSH6 (collectively referred to as MutS). Genetic deletion of MSH2 or MLH1 results in a contrasting phenotype in metastasis, with MSH2-deletion leading to reduced metastasis and MLH1-deletion to enhanced liver or lung metastasis. Mechanistically, MSH2 - but not MLH1 - binds to the promoter region of interferon  receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and suppresses its expression in BLBC. Deletion of MSH2 initiates a chain of immune reactions via the upregulation of IFNAR1 expression and the activation of type 1 interferon signaling, which explains a highly immune active tumor microenvironment in tumors with MSH2-deficiency. Our study supports the contrasting functions of MSH2 and MLH1 in BLBC progression and metastasis due to the differential regulation of IFNAR1 expression, which challenges the paradigm of the MMR pathway as a universal tumor suppressive mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcherding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tithi, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kolb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549745</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting roles of different mismatch repair proteins in basal-like breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane mechanics dictate axonal morphology and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Axons are thought to be ultrathin membrane cables of a relatively uniform diameter, designed to conduct electrical signals, or action potentials. Here, we demonstrate that unmyelinated axons are not simple cylindrical tubes. Rather, axons have nanoscopic boutons repeatedly along their length interspersed with a thin cable with a diameter of [~]60 nm like pearls-on-a-string. These boutons are only [~]200 nm in diameter and do not have synaptic contacts or a cluster of synaptic vesicles, hence non-synaptic. Our in silico modeling suggests that axon pearling can be explained by the mechanical properties of the membrane including the bending modulus and tension. Consistent with modeling predictions, treatments that disrupt these parameters like hyper- or hypo-tonic solutions, cholesterol removal, and non-muscle myosin II inhibition all alter the degree of axon pearling, suggesting that axon morphology is indeed determined by the membrane mechanics. Intriguingly, neuronal activity modulates the cholesterol level of plasma membrane, leading to shrinkage of axon pearls. Consequently, the conduction velocity of action potentials becomes slower. These data reveal that biophysical forces dictate axon morphology and function and that modulation of membrane mechanics likely underlies plasticity of unmyelinated axons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griswold, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pepper, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chereau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagerl, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knott, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane mechanics dictate axonal morphology and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered Fhod3 Expression Involved in Progressive High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Dysregulation of Actin Polymerization Stoichiometry in The Cuticular Plate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common sensory impairment with complex underlying mechanisms. In our previous study, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in mice and identified a novel locus on chromosome 18 associated with ARHL specifically linked to a 32 kHz tone burst stimulus. Consequently, we investigated the role of Formin Homology 2 Domain Containing 3 (Fhod3), a newly discovered candidate gene for ARHL based on the GWAS results. We observed Fhod3 expression in auditory hair cells (HCs) and primarily localized at the cuticular plate (CP). To understand the functional implications of Fhod3 in the cochlea, we generated Fhod3 overexpression mice (Pax2-Cre+/-; Fhod3Tg/+) (TG) and HC-specific conditional knockout mice (Atoh1-Cre+/-; Fhod3fl/fl) (KO). Audiological assessments in TG mice demonstrated progressive high-frequency hearing loss, characterized by predominant loss of outer hair cells, and a decreased phalloidin intensities of CP. Ultrastructural analysis revealed shortened stereocilia in the basal turn cochlea. Importantly, the hearing and HC phenotype in TG mice were replicated in KO mice. These findings indicate that Fhod3 plays a critical role in regulating actin dynamics in CP and stereocilia. Further investigation of Fhod3 related hearing impairment mechanisms may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for ARHL in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boussaty, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninoyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahlin, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered Fhod3 Expression Involved in Progressive High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Dysregulation of Actin Polymerization Stoichiometry in The Cuticular Plate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer's microglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several genetic risk factors for Alzheimers Disease (AD) implicate genes involved in lipid metabolism and many of these lipid genes are highly expressed in glial cells. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism in glia and AD pathology remains poorly understood. Through single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of AD brain tissue, we have identified a microglial state defined by the expression of the lipid droplet (LD) associated enzyme ACSL1 with ACSL1-positive microglia most abundant in AD patients with the APOE4/4 genotype. In human iPSC-derived microglia (iMG) fibrillar A{beta} (fA{beta}) induces ACSL1 expression, triglyceride synthesis, and LD accumulation in an APOE-dependent manner. Additionally, conditioned media from LD-containing microglia leads to Tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner. Our findings suggest a link between genetic risk factors for AD with microglial LD accumulation and neurotoxic microglial-derived factors, potentially providing novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palovics, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawat, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, A. P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guldner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamichhane, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaum, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcuttawala, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutsodendris, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beach, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiman, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu-Remaileh, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enejder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyss-Coray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.549930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer's microglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpreting roles of mutations associated with the emergence of S. aureus USA300 strains using transcriptional regulatory network reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 8 (CC8) is made up of several subtypes with varying levels of clinical burden; from community-associated methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) USA300 strains to hospital-associated (HA-MRSA) USA500 strains and ancestral methicillin susceptible (MSSA) strains. This phenotypic distribution within a single clonal complex makes CC8 an ideal clade to study the emergence of mutations important for antibiotic resistance and community spread. Gene level analysis comparing USA300 against MSSA and HA-MRSA strains have revealed key horizontally acquired genes important for its rapid spread in the community. However, efforts to define the contributions of point mutations and indels have been confounded by strong linkage disequilibrium resulting from clonal propagation. To break down this confounding effect, we combined genetic association testing with a model of the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) to find candidate mutations that may have led to changes in gene regulation. First, we used a De Bruijn graph genome-wide association study (DBGWAS) to enrich mutations unique to the USA300 lineages within CC8. Next, we reconstructed the TRN by using Independent Component Analysis on 670 RNA sequencing samples from USA300 and non-USA300 CC8 strains which predicted several genes with strain-specific altered expression patterns. Examination of the regulatory region of one of the genes enriched by both approaches, isdH, revealed a 38 base pair deletion containing a Fur binding site and a conserved Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) which likely led to the altered expression levels in USA300 strains. Taken together, our results demonstrate the utility of reconstructed TRNs to address the limits of genetic approaches when studying emerging pathogenic strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.550757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpreting roles of mutations associated with the emergence of S. aureus USA300 strains using transcriptional regulatory network reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LipidSIM: inferring mechanistic lipid biosynthesis perturbations from lipidomics with a flexible, low-parameter, systematic Markov Modeling framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid metabolism is a complex and dynamic system involving numerous enzymes at the junction of multiple metabolic pathways. Disruption of these pathways leads to systematic dyslipidemia, a hallmark of many pathological developments, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes. Recent advances in computational tools can provide insights into the dysregulation of lipid biosynthesis, but limitations remain due to the complexity of lipidomic data, limited knowledge of interactions among involved enzymes, and technical challenges in standardizing across different lipid types. In this study, we present a low-parameter, biologically interpretable framework named Lipid Synthesis Investigative Markov model (LipidSIM), which models and predicts the source of perturbations in lipid biosynthesis from lipidomic data. LipidSIM achieves this by accounting for the interdependency between the lipid species via the lipid biosynthesis network and generates testable hypotheses regarding changes in lipid biosynthetic reactions. This feature allows the integration of lipidomics with other omics types, such as transcriptomics, to elucidate the direct driving mechanisms of altered lipidomes due to treatments or disease progression. To demonstrate the value of LipidSIM, we first applied it to hepatic lipidomics following Keap1 knockdown and found changes in mRNA expression of the lipid pathways were consistent with the LipidSIM-predicted fluxes. Second, we used it to study lipidomic changes following intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 to induce fast NAFLD/NASH development and the progression of fibrosis and hepatic cancer. Finally, to show the power of LipidSIM for classifying samples with dyslipidemia, we used a Dgat2-knockdown study dataset. Thus, we show that as it demands no a priori knowledge of enzyme kinetics, LipidSIM is a valuable and intuitive framework for extracting biological insights from complex lipidomic data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.550768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LipidSIM: inferring mechanistic lipid biosynthesis perturbations from lipidomics with a flexible, low-parameter, systematic Markov Modeling framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin-associated RNA Dictates the ecDNA Interactome in the Nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) promotes cancer by driving copy number heterogeneity and amplifying oncogenes along with functional enhancers. More recent studies suggest two additional mechanisms for further enhancing their oncogenic potential, one via forming ecDNA hubs to augment oncogene expression 1 and the other through acting as portable enhancers to trans- activate target genes 2. However, it has remained entirely elusive about how ecDNA explores the three-dimensional space of the nucleus and whether different ecDNA have distinct interacting mechanisms. Here, by profiling the DNA-DNA and DNA-RNA interactomes in tumor cells harboring different types of ecDNAs in comparison with similarly amplified homogenously staining regions (HSRs) in the chromosome, we show that specific ecDNA interactome is dictated by ecDNA-borne nascent RNA. We demonstrate that the ecDNA co-amplifying PVT1 and MYC utilize nascent noncoding PVT1 transcripts to mediate specific trans-activation of both ecDNA and chromosomal genes. In contrast, the ecDNA amplifying EGFR is weak in this property because of more efficient splicing to remove chromatin-associated nascent RNA. These findings reveal a noncoding RNA-orchestrated program hijacked by cancer cells to enhance the functional impact of amplified oncogenes and associated regulatory elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbreath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin-associated RNA Dictates the ecDNA Interactome in the Nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.551036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in children ages 9 to 11 years old 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.28.551036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in childhood. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both sex and gender as variables of interest - many of which included small sample sizes and relied on binary definitions of gender. The current study examined gender diversity with a continuous felt-gender score and categorized sex based on X and Y allele frequency in a large sample of children ages 9-11 years-old (N=7693). Then, a statistical model-building approach was employed to determine whether gender diversity and sex independently or jointly relate to brain morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, and white matter microstructure. The model with sex, but not gender diversity, was the best-fitting model in 75% of gray matter regions and 79% of white matter regions examined. The addition of gender to the sex model explained significantly more variance than sex alone with regard to bilateral cerebellum volume, left precentral cortical thickness, as well as gyrification in the right superior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and several regions in the left parietal lobe. For mean diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus, the model with sex, gender, and their interaction captured the most variance. Nonetheless, the magnitude of variance accounted for by sex was small in all cases and felt-gender score was not a significant predictor on its own for any white or gray matter regions examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate that at ages 9-11 years-old, sex accounts for a small proportion of variance in brain structure, while gender diversity is not directly associated with neurostructural diversity.

HighlightsO_LISex-related variance in regional human brain structure is widespread at ages 9-11
C_LIO_LITogether, sex and gender diversity accounted for more variance in only a few regions
C_LIO_LIFelt-gender diversity itself was not significantly related to any outcome at ages 9-11
C_LIO_LIEffect sizes for sex and felt-gender estimates were small
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torgerson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choupan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blosnich, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.28.551036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in children ages 9 to 11 years old]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.551547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transformation of value signaling in a striatopallidal circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.551547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ways in which sensory stimuli acquire motivational valence through association with other stimuli is one of the simplest forms of learning. Though we have identified many brain nuclei that play various roles in reward processing, a significant gap remains in understanding how valence encoding transforms through the layers of sensory processing. To address this gap, we carried out a comparative investigation of the anteromedial olfactory tubercle (OT), and the ventral pallidum (VP) - 2 connected nuclei of the basal ganglia which have both been implicated in reward processing. First, using anterograde and retrograde tracing, we show that both D1 and D2 neurons of the anteromedial OT project primarily to the VP and minimally elsewhere. Using 2-photon calcium imaging, we then investigated how the identity of the odor and reward contingency of the odor are differently encoded by neurons in either structure during a classical conditioning paradigm. We find that VP neurons robustly encode reward contingency, but not identity, in low-dimensional space. In contrast, the OT neurons primarily encode odor identity in high-dimensional space. Although D1 OT neurons showed larger responses to rewarded odors than other odors, consistent with prior findings, we interpret this as identity encoding with enhanced contrast. Finally, using a novel conditioning paradigm that decouples reward contingency and licking vigor, we show that both features are encoded by non-overlapping VP neurons. These results provide a novel framework for the striatopallidal circuit in which a high-dimensional encoding of stimulus identity is collapsed onto a low-dimensional encoding of motivational valence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Root, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.551547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transformation of value signaling in a striatopallidal circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.551559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An AI-assisted Investigation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and their Polarization in Colorectal Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.551559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-associated Macrophages (or TAMs) are amongst the most common cells that play a significant role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). [Ghosh et al., 2023] have built a Boolean-logic dependent model to propose a set of gene signatures capable of identifying macrophage polarization states. The signature, called the Signature of Macrophage Reactivity and Tolerance (SMaRT), comprises of 338 human genes (equivalently, 298 mouse genes). The SMaRT signature was constructed using datasets that were not specialized towards any particular disease. To specifically investigate macrophage polarization in CRC, in this paper, we (a) perform a comprehensive analysis of the SMaRT signature on single-cell human and mouse colorectal cancer RNA-seq datasets and (b) adopt transfer learning to construct a "refined" SMaRT signature that specifically characterizes TAM polarization in the CRC tumor microenvironment. Towards validation of our refined gene signature, we use: (a) 5 RNA-seq datasets derived from single-cell human datasets; and (b) 5 large-cohort microarray datasets from humans. Furthermore, we propose the translational potential of our refined gene signature while investigating microsatellite stability and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in colorectal cancer. Overall, our refined gene signature and its extensive validation provide a path for its adoption in clinical practice in diagnosing colorectal cancer and associated attributes.

Availability and ImplementationThe data, codes, and software packages used in our research are linked and shared publicly at https://github.com/tirtharajdash/TAMs-CRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dadlani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.551559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An AI-assisted Investigation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and their Polarization in Colorectal Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scMD: cell type deconvolution using single-cell DNA methylation references 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The proliferation of single-cell RNA sequencing data has led to the widespread use of cellular deconvolution, aiding the extraction of cell type-specific information from extensive bulk data. However, those advances have been mostly limited to transcriptomic data. With recent development in single-cell DNA methylation (scDNAm), new avenues have been opened for deconvolving bulk DNAm data, particularly for solid tissues like the brain that lack cell-type references. Due to technical limitations, current scDNAm sequences represent a small proportion of the whole genome for each single cell, and those detected regions differ across cells. This makes scDNAm data ultrahigh dimensional and ultra-sparse. To deal with these challenges, we introduce scMD (single cell Methylation Deconvolution), a cellular deconvolution framework to reliably estimate cell type fractions from tissue-level DNAm data. To analyze large-scale complex scDNAm data, scMD employs a statistical approach to aggregate scDNAm data at the cell cluster level, identify cell-type marker DNAm sites, and create a precise cell-type signature matrix that surpasses state-of-the-art sorted-cell or RNA-derived references. Through thorough benchmarking in several datasets, we demonstrate scMDs superior performance in estimating cellular fractions from bulk DNAm data. With scMD-estimated cellular fractions, we identify cell type fractions and cell type-specific differentially methylated cytosines associated with Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKennan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scMD: cell type deconvolution using single-cell DNA methylation references]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.551992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RBL2 represses the transcriptional activity of Multicilin to inhibit multiciliogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.551992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A core pathophysiologic feature underlying many respiratory diseases is multiciliated cell dysfunction, leading to inadequate mucociliary clearance. Due to the prevalence and highly variable etiology of mucociliary dysfunction in respiratory diseases, it is critical to understand the mechanisms controlling multiciliogenesis that may be targeted to restore functional mucociliary clearance. Multicilin, in a complex with E2F4, is necessary and sufficient to drive multiciliogenesis in airway epithelia, however this does not apply to all cell types, nor does it occur evenly across all cells in the same cell population. In this study we further investigated how co-factors regulate the ability of Multicilin to drive multiciliogenesis. Combining data in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human bronchial epithelial cells, we identify RBL2 as a repressor of the transcriptional activity of Multicilin. Knockdown of RBL2 in submerged cultures or phosphorylation of RBL2 in response to apical air exposure, in the presence of Multicilin, allows multiciliogenesis to progress. These data demonstrate a dynamic interaction between RBL2 and Multicilin that regulates the capacity of cells to differentiate and multiciliate. Identification of this mechanism has important implications for facilitating MCC differentiation in diseases with impaired mucociliary clearance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quiroz, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautam, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kintner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.04.551992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RBL2 represses the transcriptional activity of Multicilin to inhibit multiciliogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.552006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromosome-level genome for the nudibranch gastropod Berghia stephanieae helps parse clade-specific gene expression in novel and conserved phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.552006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How novel phenotypes originate from conserved genes, processes, and tissues remains a major question in biology. Research that sets out to answer this question often focuses on the conserved genes and processes involved, an approach that explicitly excludes the impact of genetic elements that may be classified as clade-specific, even though many of these genes are known to be important for many novel, or clade-restricted, phenotypes. This is especially true for understudied phyla such as mollusks, where limited genomic and functional biology resources for members of this phylum has long hindered assessments of genetic homology and function. To address this gap, we constructed a chromosome-level genome for the gastropod Berghia stephanieae (Valdes, 2005) to investigate the expression of clade-specific genes across both novel and conserved tissue types in this species. The final assembled and filtered Berghia genome is comparable to other high quality mollusk genomes in terms of size (1.05 Gb) and number of predicted genes (24,960 genes), and is highly contiguous. The proportion of upregulated, clade-specific genes varied across tissues, but with no clear trend between the proportion of clade-specific genes and the novelty of the tissue. However, more complex tissue like the brain had the highest total number of upregulated, clade-specific genes, though the ratio of upregulated clade-specific genes to the total number of upregulated genes was low. Our results, when combined with previous research on the impact of novel genes on phenotypic evolution, highlight the fact that the complexity of the novel tissue or behavior, the type of novelty, and the developmental timing of evolutionary modifications will all influence how novel and conserved genes interact to generate diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rio, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taraporevala, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorenza, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, M. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitesel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masterson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batzel, G. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.04.552006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromosome-level genome for the nudibranch gastropod Berghia stephanieae helps parse clade-specific gene expression in novel and conserved phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.552206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of 8839 pan-primate retroviral LTR elements with regulatory functions during human embryogenesis reveals their global impacts on evolution of Modern Humans. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.06.552206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During millions years of primate evolution, two distinct families of pan-primate endogenous retroviruses, namely HERVL and HERVH, infected primates germline, colonized host genomes and evolved to contribute to creation of the global retroviral genomic regulatory dominion (GRD) operating during human embryogenesis. Retroviral GRD constitutes of 8839 highly conserved LTR elements linked to 5444 down-stream target genes forged by evolution into a functionally-consonant constellation of 26 genome-wide multimodular genomic regulatory networks (GRNs) each of which is defined by significant enrichment of numerous single gene ontology-specific traits. Locations of GRNs appear scattered across chromosomes to occupy from 5.5% to 15.09% of the human genome. Each GRN harbors from 529 to 1486 human embryo retroviral LTR elements derived from LTR7, MLT2A1, and MLT2A2 sequences that are quantitatively balanced according to their genome-wide abundance. GRNs integrate activities from 199 to 805 down-stream target genes, including transcription factors, chromatin-state remodelers, signal sensing and signal transduction mediators, enzymatic and receptor binding effectors, intracellular complexes and extracellular matrix elements, and cell-cell adhesion molecules. GRNs compositions consist of several hundred to thousands smaller gene ontology enrichment analysis-defined genomic regulatory modules (GRMs), each of which combines from a dozen to hundreds LTRs and down-stream target genes. Overall, this study identifies 69,573 statistically significant retroviral LTR-linked GRMs (Binominal FDR q-value < 0.001), including 27,601 GRMs validated by the single ontology-specific directed acyclic graph (DAG) analyses across 6 gene ontology annotations databases. These observations were corroborated and extended by execution of a comprehensive series of Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of retroviral LTRs down-stream target genes employing more than 70 genomics and proteomics databases, including a large panel of databases developed from single-cell resolution studies of healthy and diseased humans organs and tissues. Genes assigned to distinct GRNs and GRMs appear to operate on individuals life-span timescale along specific phenotypic avenues selected from a multitude of down-stream gene ontology-defined and signaling pathways-guided frameworks to exert profound effects on patterns of transcription, protein-protein interactions, developmental phenotypes, physiological traits, and pathological conditions of Modern Humans. GO analyses of Mouse phenotype databases and GSEA of the MGI Mammalian Phenotype Level 4 2021 database revealed that down-stream regulatory targets of human embryo retroviral LTRs are enriched for genes making essential contributions to development and functions of all major tissues, organs, and organ systems, that were documented by numerous developmental defects in a single gene KO models. Genes comprising candidate down-stream regulatory targets of human embryo retroviral LTRs are engaged in protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks that have been implicated in pathogenesis of human common and rare disorders (3298 and 2071 significantly enriched records, respectively), in part, by impacting PPIs that are significantly enriched in 1783 multiprotein complexes recorded in the NURSA Human Endogenous Complexome database and 6584 records of virus-host PPIs documented in Virus-Host PPI P-HIPSTer 2020 database. GSEA-guided analytical inference of the preferred cellular targets of human embryo retroviral LTR elements supported by analyses of genes with species-specific expression mapping bias in Human-Chimpanzee hybrids identified Neuronal epithelium, Radial Glia, and Dentate Granule Cells as cell-type-specific marks within a Holy Grail sequence of embryonic and adult neurogenesis. Observations reported in this contribution support the hypothesis that evolution of human embryo retroviral LTR elements created the global GRD consisting of 26 gene ontology enrichment-defined genome-wide GRNs. Decoded herein the hierarchical super-structure of retroviral LTR-associated GRD and GRNs represents an intrinsically integrated developmental compendium of thousands GRMs congregated on specific genotype-phenotypic trait associations. Many highlighted in this contribution GRMs may represent the evolutionary selection units driven by inherent genotype-phenotype associations affecting primate species fitness and survival by exerting control over mammalian offspring survival genes implicated in reduced fertility and infertility phenotypes. Mechanistically, programmed activation during embryogenesis and ontogenesis of genomic constituents of human embryo retroviral GRD coupled with targeted epigenetic silencing may guide genome-wide heterochromatin patterning within nanodomains and topologically-associated domains during differentiation, thus affecting 3D folding dynamics of linear chromatin fibers and active transcription compartmentalization within interphase chromatin of human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glinsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.06.552206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of 8839 pan-primate retroviral LTR elements with regulatory functions during human embryogenesis reveals their global impacts on evolution of Modern Humans.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rats Chasing the Dragon: A new heroin inhalation method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleDespite extensive human use of the inhalation route for ingesting opioids, models in rodents have mostly been limited to parenteral injection and oral dosing. Methods using electronic drug delivery systems (EDDS; "e-cigarettes") have shown efficacy in rodent models but these do not faithfully mimic the most popular human inhalation method of heating heroin to the point of vaporization.

ObjectiveThis study was designed to determine if direct volatilization of heroin hydrochloride delivers effective heroin doses to rodents.

MethodsMiddle aged rats were exposed to vapor created by direct heating of heroin HCl powder in a ceramic e-cigarette type atomizer. Efficacy was determined with a warm water tail withdrawal nociception assay, rectal temperature and self-administration.

ResultsTen minutes of inhalation of vaporized heroin slowed response latency in a warm water tail withdrawal assay and increased rectal temperature in male rats, in a dose-dependent manner. Similar antinociceptive effects in female rats were attenuated by the opioid antagonist naloxone (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Female rats made operant responses for heroin vapor in 15-minute sessions, increased their response rate when the reinforcement ratio increased from FR1 to FR5, and further increased their responding when vapor delivery was omitted. Anti-nociceptive effects of self-administered volatilized heroin were of a similar magnitude as those produced by the 10-minute non-contingent exposure.

ConclusionsThis study shows that "chasing the dragon" methods of inhalation of heroin can be modeled successfully in the rat. Inhalation techniques may be particularly useful for longer term studies deep into middle age of rat species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.09.552712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rats Chasing the Dragon: A new heroin inhalation method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial Shedu immune nucleases share a common enzymatic core regulated by diverse sensor domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prokaryotes encode diverse anti-bacteriophage immune systems, including the single-protein Shedu nuclease. Here we reveal the structural basis for activation of Bacillus cereus Shedu. In the inactive homotetramer, a key catalytic residue in Shedus nuclease domain is sequestered away from the catalytic site. Activation involves a conformational change that completes the active site and promotes assembly of a homo-octamer for coordinated double-strand DNA cleavage. Removal of Shedus N-terminal domain ectopically activates the enzyme, suggesting that this domain allosterically inhibits Shedu in the absence of infection. Bioinformatic analysis of nearly 8,000 Shedu homologs reveals remarkable diversity in their N-terminal regulatory domains: we identify 79 domain families falling into eight functional classes, including diverse nucleic acid binding, enzymatic, and other domains. Together, these data reveal Shedu as a broad family of immune nucleases with a common nuclease core regulated by diverse N-terminal domains that likely respond to a range of infection-related signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial Shedu immune nucleases share a common enzymatic core regulated by diverse sensor domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fluorescent sex-sorting technique for insects with the demonstration in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in insect genetic engineering offer alternative genetic biocontrol solutions to control populations of pests and disease vectors. While success has been achieved, sex-sorting remains problematic for scaling many genetic biocontrol interventions. Here we describe the development of a sex-sorting technique for female and male selection with a proof-of-concept in D. melanogaster termed SEPARATOR (Sexing Element Produced by Alternative RNA-splicing of A Transgenic Observable Reporter). This approach utilizes dominant fluorescent proteins and differentially spliced introns to ensure sex-specific expression. The system has the potential for adaptability to various insect species and application for high-throughput insect sex-sorting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.11.553026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fluorescent sex-sorting technique for insects with the demonstration in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating the Total Variance Explained by Whole-Brain Imaging for Zero-inflated Outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zero-inflated outcomes are very common in behavioral data, particularly for responses to psychological questionnaires. Modeling these challenging distributions is further exacerbated by the absence of established statistical models capable of characterizing total signals attributed to whole-brain imaging features, making the accurate assessment of brain-behavior relationships particularly formidable. Given this critical need, we have developed a novel variational Bayes algorithm that characterizes the total signal captured by whole-brain imaging features for zero-inflated outcomes . Our zero-inflated variance (ZIV) estimator robustly estimates the fraction of variance explained (FVE) and the proportion of non-null effects from large-scale imaging data. In simulations, ZIV outperformed other linear prediction algorithms. Applying ZIV to data from one of the largest neuroimaging studies, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study, we found that whole-brain imaging features have a larger FVE for externalizing compared to internalizing behavior. We also demonstrate that the ZIV estimator, especially applied to focal sub-scales, can localize key neurocircuitry associated with human behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating the Total Variance Explained by Whole-Brain Imaging for Zero-inflated Outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-Occurrence Network Analysis Reveals The Alterations Of The Skin Microbiome And Metabolome In Atopic Dermatitis Patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skin microbiome can be altered in patients with Atopic Dermatitis (AD). An understanding of the changes from healthy to atopic skin can help develop new targets for better treatments and identify specific microbial or molecular biomarkers. This study investigates the skin microbiome and metabolome of healthy subjects and lesion (ADL) and non-lesion (ADNL) of AD patients by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mass spectrometry, respectively. Samples from AD patients showed alterations in the diversity and composition of the skin microbiome. Staphylococcus species, especially S. aureus, were significantly increased in the ADL group. Metabolomic profiles were also different between the groups. Dipeptide-derived are more abundant in ADL, which may be related to skin inflammation. Co-occurrence network analysis was applied to integrate the microbiome and metabolomics data and revealed higher co-occurrence of metabolites and bacteria in healthy and ADNL compared to ADL. S. aureus co-occurred with dipeptide-derived in ADL, while phytosphingosine-derived compounds showed co-occurrences with commensal bacteria, e.g. Paracoccus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Prevotella bivia, Lactobacillus iners, Anaerococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans, Corynebacterium massiliense, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Roseomonas mucosa, in healthy and ADNL groups. Therefore, these findings provide valuable insights into how AD affects the human skin metabolome and microbiome.

ImportanceThis study provides valuable insight into changes in the skin microbiome and associated metabolomic profiles. It also identifies new therapeutic targets that may be useful for developing personalized treatments for individuals with atopic dermatitis based on their unique skin microbiome and metabolic profiles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Portal Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tipton, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ancira, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-Occurrence Network Analysis Reveals The Alterations Of The Skin Microbiome And Metabolome In Atopic Dermatitis Patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.19.553996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of human skin microbiome odorants that manipulate mosquito landing behavior - towards engineering a repellent skin flora 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.19.553996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The resident human skin microbiome is responsible for the production of most of the human scents that are attractive to mosquitoes. Hence, engineering the human skin microbiome to synthesize less of mosquito attractants or produce repellents could potentially reduce bites and prevent the transmission of deadly mosquito-borne pathogens. In order to further characterize the human skin volatilome, we quantified the major volatiles of 39 strains of skin commensals (Staphylococci and Corynebacterium). Importantly, to validate the behavioral activity of these volatiles, we first assessed landing behavior triggered by human skin bacteria volatiles. We demonstrated that this behavioral step is gated by the presence of carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid, similar to the combinatorial coding triggering short range attraction. Repellency behavior to selected skin volatiles and the geraniol terpene was tested in the presence of carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid. In a 2-choice landing behavior context, the skin volatiles 2- and 3-methyl butyric acids reduced mosquito landing by 62.0-81.6% and 87.1-99.6%, respectively. Similarly, geraniol was capable of reducing mosquito landing behavior by 74.9%. We also tested the potential repellency effects of geraniol on mosquitoes at short-range using a 4-port olfactometer. In these assays, geraniol reduced mosquito attraction (69-78%) to a mixture of key human kairomones carbon dioxide, L-(+)-lactic acid, and ammonia. These findings demonstrate that carbon dioxide and L-(+)-lactic acid changes the valence of other skin volatiles towards mosquito landing behavior. Moreover, this study offers candidate odorants to be targeted in a novel strategy to reduce attractants or produce repellents by the human skin microbiota that may curtail mosquito bites, and subsequent mosquito-borne disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coutinho-Abreu, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamshidi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raban, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atabakhsh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merriman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischbach, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.19.553996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of human skin microbiome odorants that manipulate mosquito landing behavior - towards engineering a repellent skin flora]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.20.554039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acquired stress resilience through bacteria-to-nematode horizontal gene transfer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.20.554039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural selection drives acquisition of organismal resilience traits to protect against adverse environments. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important evolutionary mechanism for the acquisition of novel traits, including metazoan acquisition of functions in immunity, metabolism, and reproduction via interdomain HGT (iHGT) from bacteria. We report that the nematode gene rml-3, which was acquired by iHGT from bacteria, enables exoskeleton resilience and protection against environmental toxins in C. elegans. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that diverse nematode RML-3 proteins form a single monophyletic clade most highly similar to bacterial enzymes that biosynthesize L-rhamnose to build cell wall polysaccharides. C. elegans rml-3 is regulated in developing seam cells by heat stress and stress-resistant dauer stage. Importantly, rml-3 deficiency impairs cuticle integrity, barrier functions and organismal stress resilience, phenotypes that are rescued by exogenous L-rhamnose. We propose that iHGT of an ancient bacterial rml-3 homolog enables L-rhamnose biosynthesis in nematodes that facilitates cuticle integrity and organismal resilience in adaptation to environmental stresses during evolution. These findings highlight the remarkable contribution of iHGT on metazoan evolution that is conferred by the domestication of bacterial genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pandey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalluraya, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.20.554039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acquired stress resilience through bacteria-to-nematode horizontal gene transfer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlating stress reduction and eye movement patterns in a world famous Kyoto Japanese garden 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual stimuli have been repeatedly shown to elicit significant non-visual responses. In a continuing effort to explore the unique effects of viewing a Japanese garden on the physiological and psychological metrics of stress, we gained access to the world famous Murin-an garden in Kyoto, Japan. This well-maintained observation garden was designed to be viewed while seated at a single vantage point to maximize the impact of the visual scene. As a control, we used a public garden on the campus of Kyoto University that was designed in a similar style. Sixteen college age students were asked to view both gardens while we monitored their pulse rates and tracked their eye movements. We used the POMS questionnaire to determine the effect of the garden viewing on the mood of the participants. We found that the Murin-an garden was more effective in decreasing pulse rate and improving mood than the University garden. The eye tracking data showed that during their Murin-an viewing the participants gaze ranged far more broadly across the visual field both the X-Y plane and in depth, and the speed with which the eyes moved from point-to-point was greater. Taken together, our data suggest that no one element in the garden was dominant in eliciting the changes in heart rate and mood. Rather, it was the breadth and rapidity of the shifts in gaze that drove the effects, a conclusion with implications for other interventions aimed stress reduction.

SignificanceViews of nature and natural phenomena have a well-recognized calming effect on humans that has recognized therapeutic value in both medical and psychological settings. Our work explores the source of this effect by having participants view Murin-an, a world-famous Japanese style garden. Using both psychological and physiological measures, we confirm and extend earlier findings showing that a well constructed garden can effectively lower heart rate and improve mood within minutes. We also find, by analogy with eye movement desensitization and reprograming (EMDR), that it is participants rapidly shifting gaze rather than a single specific visual object is the most likely source of the calming effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takase, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamoki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiankai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrup, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlating stress reduction and eye movement patterns in a world famous Kyoto Japanese garden]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Biotin Targeting Chimera (BioTAC) System to Map Small Molecule Interactomes in situ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unbiased chemical biology strategies for direct readout of protein interactome remodelling by small molecules provide advantages over target-focused approaches, including the ability to detect previously unknown targets, and the inclusion of chemical off-compete controls leading to high-confidence identifications. We describe the BioTAC system, a small-molecule guided proximity labelling platform, to rapidly identify both direct and complexed small molecule binding proteins. The BioTAC system overcomes a limitation of current approaches, and supports identification of both inhibitor bound and molecular glue bound complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadbois, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumby, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Biotin Targeting Chimera (BioTAC) System to Map Small Molecule Interactomes in situ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A data-driven approach for timescale decomposition of biochemical reaction networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the dynamics of biological systems in evolving environments is a challenge due to their scale and complexity. Here, we present a computational framework for timescale decomposition of biochemical reaction networks to distill essential patterns from their intricate dynamics. This approach identifies timescale hierarchies, concentration pools, and coherent structures from time-series data, providing a system-level description of reaction networks at physiologically important timescales. We apply this technique to kinetic models of hypothetical and biological pathways, validating it by reproducing analytically characterized or previously known concentration pools of these pathways. Moreover, by analyzing the timescale hierarchy of the glycolytic pathway, we elucidate the connections between the stoichiometric and dissipative structures of reaction networks and the temporal organization of coherent structures. Specifically, we show that glycolysis is a cofactor driven pathway, the slowest dynamics of which are described by a balance between high-energy phosphate bond and redox trafficking. Overall, this approach provides more biologically interpretable characterizations of network dynamics than large-scale kinetic models, thus facilitating model reduction and personalized medicine applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A data-driven approach for timescale decomposition of biochemical reaction networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.22.554255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impairment of the SKN-1A/NRF1 proteasome surveillance pathway triggers tissue-specific protective immune responses against distinct natural pathogens in C. elegans. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.22.554255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein quality control pathways play important roles in resistance against pathogen infection. For example, the conserved transcription factor SKN-1/NRF upregulates proteostasis capacity after blockade of the proteasome, and also promotes resistance against bacterial infection in the nematode C. elegans. SKN-1/NRF has three isoforms, and the SKN-1A/NRF1 isoform in particular regulates proteasomal gene expression upon proteasome dysfunction as part of a conserved bounce-back response. We report here that, in contrast to the previously reported role of SKN-1 in promoting resistance against bacterial infection, loss-of-function mutants in skn-1a and its activating enzymes ddi-1 and png-1, show constitutive expression of immune response programmes against natural eukaryotic pathogens of C. elegans. These programmes are the Oomycete Recognition Response (ORR), which promotes resistance against oomycetes that infect through the epidermis, and the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), which promotes resistance against intestine-infecting microsporidia. Consequently, skn-1a mutants show increased resistance to both oomycete and microsporidia infections. We also report that almost all ORR/IPR genes induced in common between these programmes are regulated by the proteasome and interestingly, specific ORR/IPR genes can be induced in distinct tissues depending on the exact trigger. Furthermore, we show that increasing proteasome function significantly reduces oomycete-mediated induction of multiple ORR markers. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that proteasome regulation keeps innate immune responses in check in a tissue-specific manner, against natural eukaryotic pathogens of the C. elegans epidermis and intestine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grover, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gang, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkoulas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.22.554255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impairment of the SKN-1A/NRF1 proteasome surveillance pathway triggers tissue-specific protective immune responses against distinct natural pathogens in C. elegans.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple solid media assay for detection of synergy between bacteriophages and antibiotics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) has necessitated the development of alternative therapies to deal with this global threat. Bacteriophages (viruses that target bacteria) that kill ARB are one such alternative. While phages have been used clinically for decades with inconsistent results, a number of recent advances in phage selection, propagation and purification have enabled a reevaluation of their utility in contemporary clinical medicine. In most phage therapy cases, phages are administered in combination with antibiotics to ensure that patients receive the standard-of-care treatment. Some phages may work cooperatively with antibiotics to eradicate ARB, as often determined using non-standardized broth assays. We sought to develop a solid media-based assay to assess cooperativity between antibiotics and phages to offer a standardized platform for such testing. We modeled the interactions that occur between antibiotics and phages on solid medium to measure additive, antagonistic, and synergistic interactions. We then tested the method using different bacterial isolates, and identified a number of isolates where synergistic interactions were identified. These interactions were not dependent on the specific organism, phage family, or antibiotic used. A priori susceptibility to the antibiotic or the specific phage were not requirements to observe synergistic interactions. Our data also confirm the potential for the restoration of vancomycin to treat Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) when used in combination with phages. Solid media assays for the detection of cooperative interactions between antibiotics and phages can be an accessible technique adopted by clinical laboratories to evaluate antibiotic and phage choices in phage therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiminez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, S. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monsibais, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhoads, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatbale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobian-Güemes, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple solid media assay for detection of synergy between bacteriophages and antibiotics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
S-Nitrosylation of CRTC1 in Alzheimer's disease impairs CREB-dependent gene expression induced by neuronal activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity, learning and long-term memory formation through regulation of neuronal activity-dependent gene expression, and CRTC1 dysregulation is implicated in Alzheimers disease (AD). Here, we show that increased S-nitrosylation of CRTC1 (forming SNO-CRTC1), as seen in cell-based, animal-based, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cerebrocortical neuron-based AD models, disrupts its binding with CREB and diminishes the activity-dependent gene expression mediated by the CRTC1/CREB pathway. We identified Cys216 of CRTC1 as the primary target of S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (NO)-related species. Using CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, we mutated Cys216 to Ala in hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neurons bearing one allele of the APPSwe mutation (AD-hiPSC neurons). Introduction of this non-nitrosylatable CRTC1 construct rescued defects in AD-hiPSC neurons, including decreased neurite length and increased neuronal cell death. Additionally, expression of non-nitrosylatable CRTC1 in vivo in the hippocampus rescued synaptic plasticity in the form of long-term potentiation (LTP) in 5XFAD mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that formation of SNO-CRTC1 contributes to the pathogenesis of AD by attenuating the neuronal activity-dependent CREB transcriptional pathway, and suggests a novel therapeutic target for AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vlkolinsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolatabadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prikhodko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pina-Crespo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.554320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[S-Nitrosylation of CRTC1 in Alzheimer's disease impairs CREB-dependent gene expression induced by neuronal activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fe-TAMLs as a new class of small molecule peroxidase probes for correlated light and electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce Fe-TAML, a small molecule-based peroxidase as a versatile new member of the correlated fluorescence and electron microscopy toolkit. The utility of the probe is demonstrated by high resolution imaging of newly synthesized DNA (through biorthogonal labeling), genetically tagged proteins (using HaloTag), and untagged endogenous proteins (via immunostaining). EM visualization in these applications is facilitated by exploiting Fe-TAMLs catalytic activity for the deposition of localized osmiophilic precipitates based on polymerized 3,3-diaminobenzidine. Optimized conditions for synthesizing and implementing Fe-TAML based probes are also described. Overall, Fe-TAML is a new chemical biology tool that can be used to visualize diverse biomolecular species along nanometer and micron scales within cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adams, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.554352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fe-TAMLs as a new class of small molecule peroxidase probes for correlated light and electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.555018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.555018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial sulfate reduction is central to the global carbon cycle and the redox evolution of Earths surface. Tracking the activity of sulfate reducing microorganisms over space and time relies on a nuanced understanding of stable sulfur isotope fractionation in the context of the biochemical machinery of the metabolism. Here we link the magnitude of stable sulfur isotopic fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles under different cellular energetic regimes. When energy availability is limited, cell specific sulfate respiration rates and net sulfur isotope fractionation inversely co-vary. Beyond net S isotope fractionation values, we also quantified shifts in protein expression, abundances and isotopic composition of intracellular S metabolites, and lipid structures and lipid/water H isotope fractionation values. These coupled approaches reveal which protein abundances shift directly as a function of energy flux, those that vary minimally, and those that may vary independent of energy flux and likely do not contribute to shifts in S-isotope fractionation. By coupling the bulk S-isotope observations with quantitative proteomics, we provide novel constraints for metabolic isotope models. Together, these results lay the foundation for more predictive metabolic fractionation models, alongside interpretations of environmental sulfur and sulfate reducer lipid-H isotope data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leavitt, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldbauer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venceslau, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boidi, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plummer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, I. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.27.555018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Energy flux couples sulfur isotope fractionation to proteomic and metabolite profiles in Desulfovibrio vulgaris]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative metabolomics and microbiome analysis of Ethanol vs. OMNImet/gene GUT fecal stabilization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolites from feces provide important insights into the functionality of the gut microbiome. As immediate freezing is not always feasible in gut microbiome studies, there is a need for sampling protocols that provide stability of the fecal metabolome and microbiome at room temperature (RT). For this purpose, we investigated the stability of various metabolites and the microbiome (16S ribosomal RNA) in feces collected in 95% ethanol (EtOH) or OMNImet(R)*GUT/ OMNIgene(R)*GUT. To simulate in field-collection scenarios, the samples were stored at different temperatures at varying durations (24h +4{degrees}C, 24h RT, 36h RT, 48h RT, and 7 days RT), and compared to aliquots immediately frozen at -80{degrees}C. We applied several targeted and untargeted metabolomics platforms to measure lipids, polar untargeted metabolites, endocannabinoids, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs). We found that SCFAs in the non-stabilized samples increased over time, while a stable profile was recorded in sample aliquots stored in 95% EtOH and OMNImet(R)*GUT. When comparing the metabolite levels between fecal aliquots stored at room temperature and at +4{degrees}C, we detected several changes in microbial metabolites, including multiple BAs and SCFAs. Taken together, we found that storing fecal samples at room temperature and stabilizing them in 95% EtOH yielded metabolomic results comparable to flash freezing. We also found that overall composition of the gut microbiome did not vary significantly between different storage types. However, there were notable differences observed in alpha diversity. Taken together, the stability of the metabolome and microbiome in 95 % EtOH provided similar results as the validated commercial collection kits OMNImet(R)*GUT and OMNIgene(R)*GUT, respectively.

IMPORTANCEThe analysis of the gut metabolome and microbiome requires the separate collection of fecal specimens using conventional methods or commercial kits. However, these approaches can potentially introduce sampling errors and biases. In addition, the logistical requirements of studying large human cohorts have driven the need for home collection and transport of human fecal specimens at room temperature. By adopting a unified sampling approach at room temperature, we can enhance sampling convenience and practicality, leading to a more precise and comprehensive understanding of gut microbial function. However, the development and applications of such unified sampling systems still face limitations. The results presented in this study aim to address this knowledge gap by investigating the stability of metabolites and the microbiome (16S ribosomal RNA) from fecal samples collected using 95% EtOH, in comparison to well-established commercial collection kits for fecal metabolome (OMNImet(R)*GUT) and microbiome (OMNIgene(R) *GUT) profiling. Additionally, we perform a comparative analysis of various platforms and metabolomic coverage using matrices containing ethanol, evaluating aspects of sensitivity, robustness, and throughput.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Isokaanta, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto da Silva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallonen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aatsinki, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hankemeier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schimmel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyotylainen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oresic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daouk, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickens, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamichhane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.29.555241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative metabolomics and microbiome analysis of Ethanol vs. OMNImet/gene GUT fecal stabilization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization of gene regulatory elements and neuropsychiatric disease-associated risk loci in iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of non-coding variants that contribute to psychiatric disease risks, likely by perturbing cis-regulatory elements (CREs). However, our ability to interpret and explore their mechanisms of action is hampered by a lack of annotation of functional CREs (fCREs) in neural cell types. Here, through genome-scale CRISPR screens of 22,000 candidate CREs (cCREs) in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) undergoing differentiation to excitatory neurons, we identify 2,847 and 5,540 fCREs essential for iPSC fitness and neuronal differentiation, respectively. These fCREs display dynamic epigenomic features and exhibit increased numbers and genomic spans of chromatin interactions following terminal neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, fCREs essential for neuronal differentiation show significantly greater enrichment of genetic heritability for neurodevelopmental diseases including schizophrenia (SCZ), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than cCREs. Using high-throughput prime editing screens we experimentally confirm 45 SCZ risk variants that act by affecting the function of fCREs. The extensive and in-depth functional annotation of cCREs in neuronal types therefore provides a crucial resource for interpreting non-coding risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization of gene regulatory elements and neuropsychiatric disease-associated risk loci in iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network effects of traumatic brain injury: from infra slow to high frequency oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a multitude of effects on neural functioning. In extreme cases, TBI can lead to seizures both immediately following the injury as well as persistent epilepsy over years to a lifetime. However, mechanisms of neural dysfunctioning after TBI remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed experimental data and developed a biophysical network model implementing effects of ion concentration dynamics and homeostatic synaptic plasticity to test effects of TBI on the brain network dynamics. We focus on three primary phenomena that have been reported in vivo after TBI: an increase in infra slow oscillations (<0.1 Hz), increase in delta (0.1 - 4 Hz) power, and the emergence of high frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the gamma range (30 - 100 Hz). We show that the infra slow oscillations can be directly attributed to extracellular potassium fluctuations, while the existence and characterization of HFOs is related to the increase in strength of synaptic weights from homeostatic synaptic scaling. The experimentally found transient increase in delta power can be attributed to the inter-HFO timings. We then show that buildup of high frequency oscillations in the injured region can lead to seizure-like events that span all neurons in the network; additional seizures can then be initiated in previously healthy regions. This study brings greater understanding of network effects of TBI, and how they can give rise to epileptic activity. This lays the foundation to begin investigating how injured networks can be healed and seizures prevented.

Significance StatementThis project delineates and attempts to explain abnormalities seen in human brain following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI can lead to the development of seizures, which may last a lifetime and often become resistant to pharmaceutical treatments. The study identified key mechanisms responsible for occurrence of three characteristic changes in spatio-temporal network dynamics following TBI. This model provides predictions that can serve as a testing ground for potential therapeutic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marsh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network effects of traumatic brain injury: from infra slow to high frequency oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein Kinase Structure and Dynamics: Role of the αC-β4 Loop 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the C-{beta}4 loop is a stable feature of all protein kinases, the importance of this motif as a conserved element of secondary structure, as well as its links to the hydrophobic architecture of the kinase core, has been underappreciated. We first review the motif and then describe how it is linked to the hydrophobic spine architecture of the kinase core, which we first discovered using a computational tool, Local Spatial Pattern (LSP) alignment. Based on NMR predictions that a mutation in this motif abolishes the synergistic high-affinity binding of ATP and a pseudo substrate inhibitor, we used LSP to interrogate the F100A mutant. This comparison highlights the importance of the C-{beta}4 loop and key residues at the interface between the N- and C-lobes. In addition, we delved more deeply into the structure of the apo C-subunit, which lacks ATP. While apo C-subunit showed no significant changes in backbone dynamics of the C-{beta}4 loop, we found significant differences in the side chain dynamics of K105. The LSP analysis suggests disruption of communication between the N- and C-lobes in the F100A mutant, which would be consistent with the structural changes predicted by the NMR spectroscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonniya, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirakis, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivieri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veglia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornev, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein Kinase Structure and Dynamics: Role of the αC-β4 Loop]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.556689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Parkinsons Disease-related LRRK2 by type-I and type-II kinase inhibitors: activity and structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.556689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a common cause of familial Parkinsons Disease (PD), and a risk factor for the sporadic form. Increased kinase activity has been shown in both familial and sporadic PD patients, making LRRK2 kinase inhibitors a major focus of drug development efforts in PD. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the structural biology of LRRK2, there are no available structures of LRRK2 inhibitor complexes. To this end, we solved cryo-EM structures of LRRK2, wild-type and PD-linked mutants, bound to the LRRK2-specific type-I inhibitor MLi-2 and the broad-spectrum type-II inhibitor GZD-824. Our structures revealed LRRK2s kinase in the active-like state, stabilized by type-I inhibitor interactions, and an inactive DYG-out type-II inhibitor complex. Our structural analysis also showed how inhibitor-induced conformational changes in LRRK2 are affected by its autoinhibitory N-terminal repeats. The structural models provide a template for the rational development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors covering both canonical inhibitor binding modes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz Murillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dederer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louro, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.556689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Parkinsons Disease-related LRRK2 by type-I and type-II kinase inhibitors: activity and structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elf1 promotes Rad26 interaction with lesion-arrested Pol II for transcription-coupled repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) is a highly conserved DNA repair pathway that removes bulky lesions in the transcribed genome. Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB), or its yeast ortholog Rad26, has been known for decades to play important roles in the lesion-recognition steps of TC-NER. Another conserved protein ELOF1, or its yeast ortholog Elf1, was recently identified as a core transcription-coupled repair factor. How Rad26 distinguishes between RNA polymerase II (Pol II) stalled at a DNA lesion or other obstacles and what role Elf1 plays in this process remains unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of Pol II-Rad26 complexes stalled at different obstacles that show that Rad26 uses a universal mechanism to recognize a stalled Pol II but interacts more strongly with a lesion-arrested Pol II. A cryo-EM structure of lesion-arrested Pol II-Rad26 bound to Elf1 revealed that Elf1 induces new interactions between Rad26 and Pol II when the complex is stalled at a lesion. Biochemical and genetic data support the importance of the interplay between Elf1 and Rad26 in TC-NER initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarsam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elf1 promotes Rad26 interaction with lesion-arrested Pol II for transcription-coupled repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Immune-Evasive Proline 283 Substitution in Influenza Nucleoprotein Increases Aggregation Propensity Without Altering the Native Structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleoprotein (NP) is a key structural protein of influenza ribonucleoprotein complexes and is central to viral RNA packing and trafficking. In human cells, the interferon induced Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) binds to NP and restricts influenza replication. This selection pressure has caused NP to evolve a few critical MxA-resistant mutations, particularly the highly conserved Pro283 substitution. Previous work showed that this essential Pro283 substitution impairs influenza growth, and the fitness defect becomes particularly prominent at febrile temperature (39 {degrees}C) when host chaperones are depleted. Here, we biophysically characterize Pro283 NP and Ser283 NP to test if the fitness defect is owing to Pro283 substitution introducing folding defects. We show that the Pro283 substitution changes the folding pathway of NP without altering the native structure, making NP more aggregation prone during folding. These findings suggest that influenza has evolved to hijack host chaperones to promote the folding of otherwise biophysically incompetent viral proteins that enable innate immune system escape.

TeaserPro283 substitution in flu nucleoprotein introduces folding defects, and makes influenza uniquely dependent on host chaperones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponomarenko, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoulders, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Immune-Evasive Proline 283 Substitution in Influenza Nucleoprotein Increases Aggregation Propensity Without Altering the Native Structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in adolescent rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of Electronic Drug Delivery Systems (EDDS, "e-cigarettes") to ingest nicotine and {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has surged in adolescent populations in the United States, as five times as many high-school seniors vape nicotine daily as use tobacco. At the same time 19.5% of seniors use cannabis at least monthly, with 12% using EDDS to deliver it. This study was conducted to examine the impact of repeated adolescent vapor inhalation of nicotine and THC in rats.

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 30-minute sessions of vapor inhalation, twice daily, from Post-Natal Day (PND) 31 to PND 40. Conditions included vapor from the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle, Nicotine (60 mg/mL in the PG), THC (100 mg/mL in the PG) or the combination of Nicotine (60 mg/mL) and THC (100 mg/mL). Rats were assessed on wheel activity, heroin anti-nociception and nicotine and heroin vapor volitional exposure during adulthood.

Nicotine exposed rats exhibited few differences as adults, but were less sensitive to anti-nociceptive effects of heroin (1 mg/kg, s.c.). THC- and THC+Nicotine-exposed rats were less spontaneously active, and obtained fewer nicotine vapor deliveries as adults. In contrast, THC exposed rats obtained volitional heroin vapor at rates indistinguishable from the non-THC-exposed groups. Repeated THC exposure also caused tolerance to temperature-disrupting effects of THC (5 mg/kg, i.p.).

These studies further confirm that the effects of repeated vapor exposure to THC in adolescence last into early to middle adulthood, including decreased volitional consumption of nicotine. Effects of repeated nicotine in adolescence were comparatively minor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation in adolescent rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct 3D contacts and phenotypic consequences of adjacent non-coding loci in the epigenetically quiescent regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-coding regions of the human genome are important for functional regulations, but their mechanisms remain elusive. We used machine learning to guide a CRISPR screening on hubs (i.e. non-coding loci forming many 3D contacts) and significantly increased the discovery rate of hubs essential for cell growth. We found no clear genetic or epigenetic differences between essential and nonessential hubs, but we observed that some neighboring hubs in the linear genome have distinct spatial contacts and opposite effects on cell growth. One such pair in an epigenetically quiescent region showed different impacts on gene expression, chromatin accessibility and chromatin organization. We also found that deleting the essential hub altered the genetic network activity and increased the entropy of chromatin accessibility, more severe than that caused by deletion of the nonessential hub, suggesting that they are critical for maintaining an ordered chromatin structure. Our study reveals new insights into the system-level roles of non-coding regions in the human genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct 3D contacts and phenotypic consequences of adjacent non-coding loci in the epigenetically quiescent regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnapATAC2: a fast, scalable and versatile tool for single-cell omics analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell omics technologies have ushered in a new era for the study of dynamic gene regulation in complex tissues during development and disease pathogenesis. A major computational challenge in analyzing these datasets is to project the large-scale and high dimensional data into low-dimensional space while retaining the relative relationships between cells in order to decompose the cellular heterogeneity and reconstruct cell-type-specific gene regulatory programs. Conventional dimensionality reduction methods suffer from computational inefficiency, difficulty to capture the full spectrum of cellular heterogeneity, or inability to apply across diverse molecular modalities. Here, we report a fast and nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm that not only more accurately captures the heterogeneities of single-cell omics data, but also features runtime and memory usage that is computational efficient and linearly proportional to cell numbers. We implement this algorithm in a Python package named SnapATAC2, and demonstrate its superior performance, remarkable scalability and general adaptability using an array of single-cell omics data types, including single-cell ATAC-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, single-cell Hi-C, and single-cell multiomics datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnapATAC2: a fast, scalable and versatile tool for single-cell omics analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Categorization dynamically alters representations in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Everyday perceptual tasks require sensory stimuli to be dynamically encoded and analyzed according to changing behavioral goals. For example, when searching for an apple at the supermarket, one might first find the Granny Smith apples by separating all visible apples into the categories "green" and "non-green". However, suddenly remembering that your family actually likes Fuji apples would necessitate reconfiguring the boundary to separate "red" from "red-yellow" objects. This flexible processing enables identical sensory stimuli to elicit varied behaviors based on the current task context. While this phenomenon is ubiquitous in nature, little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie such flexible computation. Traditionally, sensory regions have been viewed as mainly devoted to processing inputs, with limited involvement in adapting to varying task contexts. However, from the standpoint of efficient computation, it is plausible that sensory regions integrate inputs with current task goals, facilitating more effective information relay to higher-level cortical areas. Here we test this possibility by asking human participants to visually categorize novel shape stimuli based on different linear and non-linear boundaries. Using fMRI and multivariate analyses of retinotopically-defined visual areas, we found that shape representations in visual cortex became more distinct across relevant decision boundaries in a context-dependent manner, with the largest changes in discriminability observed for stimuli near the decision boundary. Importantly, these context-driven modulations were associated with improved categorization performance. Together, these findings demonstrate that codes in visual cortex are adaptively modulated to optimize object separability based on currently relevant decision boundaries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rungratsameetaweemana, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Categorization dynamically alters representations in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic characterization of antibody-producing CHO cell lines elucidates metabolic reprogramming and nutrient uptake bottlenecks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing the phenotypic diversity and metabolic capabilities of industrially relevant manufacturing cell lines is critical to bioprocess optimization and cell line development. Metabolic capabilities of the production hosts limit nutrient and resource channeling into desired cellular processes and can have a profound impact on productivity but cannot be directly inferred from measured data such as spent media concentrations or transcriptomics. Here, we present an integrated multi-omic characterization approach combining exo-metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genome-scale metabolic network analysis and apply it to three antibody-producing Chinese Hamster Ovary cell lines to reprogramming features associated with high-producer clones and metabolic bottlenecks limiting product production in an industrial bioprocess. Analysis of individual datatypes revealed a decreased nitrogenous byproduct secretion in high-producing clones and the topological changes in peripheral metabolic pathway expression associated with phase shifts. An integrated omics analysis in the context of the genome-scale metabolic model elucidated the differences in central metabolism and identified amino acid utilization bottlenecks limiting cell growth and antibody production that were not evident from exo-metabolomics or transcriptomics alone. Thus, we demonstrate the utility of a multi-omics characterization in providing an in-depth understanding of cellular metabolism, which is critical to efforts in cell engineering and bioprocess optimization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, M. A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Icten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlegel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolandi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontoravdi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic characterization of antibody-producing CHO cell lines elucidates metabolic reprogramming and nutrient uptake bottlenecks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reinstatement of CDX2 as a differentiation therapy for colorectal cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances in artificial intelligence (AI) within cancer research, its application toward realizing differentiation therapy in solid tumors remains limited. Using colorectal cancer (CRC) as a model, we developed a machine learning (ML) framework, CANDiT (Cancer Associated Nodes for Differentiation Targeting), to selectively induce differentiation and death of cancer stem cells (CSCs)--a key obstacle to durable response. Centering on one node, CDX2, a master differentiation factor lost in high-risk, poorly differentiated CRCs, we built a transcriptomic network to identify therapeutic strategies for CDX2 restoration. Network-based prioritization identified PRKAB1, a stress polarity sensor, as a top target. A clinical-grade PRKAB1 agonist reprogrammed transcriptional networks, induced crypt differentiation, and selectively eliminated CDX2-low CSCs in CRC cell lines, xenografts and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Multivariate analyses in PDOs revealed a strong therapeutic index, linking efficacy (IC) to the biomarker-defined CDX2-low state. A 50-gene response signature--derived from an integrated analyses of all three models and trained across multiple datasets--revealed that CDX2 restoration therapy may translate into a [~]50% reduction in recurrence and mortality risk. Mechanistically, treatment activated a differentiation-associated stress polarity signaling axis while dismantling Wnt and YAP-driven stemness programs essential to CSC survival. Thus, CANDiT offers a scalable path to CSC-directed therapy in solid tumors by translating transcriptomic vulnerabilities into precision treatments.

Graphic Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=174 SRC="FIGDIR/small/557628v4_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (52K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16eeb1eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10e308borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9512f0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10e74eb_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG One sentence summaryIn this work, Sinha et al. introduce a machine learning-guided framework to identify and target transcriptomic vulnerabilities in colorectal cancer, demonstrating that differentiation therapy selectively eliminates cancer stem cells and reduces recurrence risk.

HighlightsO_LIAn ML framework (CANDiT) identifies target for differentiation therapy for CRCs
C_LIO_LITherapy induces crypt differentiation and CSC-specific cytotoxicity
C_LIO_LICDX2-low state predicts therapeutic response; restoration improves prognosis
C_LIO_LITherapy dismantles stemness via reactivation of stress polarity signaling
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcantara, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidales, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amirfakhri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawires, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reinstatement of CDX2 as a differentiation therapy for colorectal cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic tracing of market wildlife and viruses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zoonotic spillovers of viruses have occurred through the animal trade worldwide. The start of the COVID-19 pandemic was traced epidemiologically to the Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, the site with the most reported wildlife vendors in the city of Wuhan, China. Here, we analyze publicly available qPCR and sequencing data from environmental samples collected in the Huanan market in early 2020. We demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity linked to this market is consistent with market emergence, and find increased SARS-CoV-2 positivity near and within a particular wildlife stall. We identify wildlife DNA in all SARS-CoV-2 positive samples from this stall. This includes species such as civets, bamboo rats, porcupines, hedgehogs, and one species, raccoon dogs, known to be capable of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We also detect other animal viruses that infect raccoon dogs, civets, and bamboo rats. Combining metagenomic and phylogenetic approaches, we recover genotypes of market animals and compare them to those from other markets. This analysis provides the genetic basis for a short list of potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 to prioritize for retrospective serological testing and viral sampling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crits-Christoph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensel, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gangavarapu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garry, R. f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koopmans, M. P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popescu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rambaut, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchard, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worobey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debarre, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic tracing of market wildlife and viruses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COSMIC-dFBA: A novel multi-scale hybrid framework for bioprocess modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolism governs cell performance in biomanufacturing, as it fuels growth and productivity. However, even in well-controlled culture systems, metabolism is dynamic, with shifting objectives and resources, thus limiting the predictive capability of mechanistic models for process design and optimization. Here, we present Cellular Objectives and State Modulation In bioreaCtors (COSMIC)-dFBA, a hybrid multi-scale modeling paradigm that accurately predicts cell density, antibody titer, and bioreactor metabolite concentration profiles. Using machine-learning, COSMIC-dFBA decomposes the instantaneous metabolite uptake and secretion rates in a bioreactor into weighted contributions from each cell state (growth or antibody-producing state) and integrates these with a genome-scale metabolic model. A major strength of COSMIC-dFBA is that it can be parameterized with only metabolite concentrations from spent media, although constraining the metabolic model with other omics data can further improve its capabilities. Using COSMIC-dFBA, we can predict the final cell density and antibody titer to within 10% of the measured data, and compared to a standard dFBA model, we found the framework showed a 90% and 72% improvement in cell density and antibody titer prediction, respectively. Thus, we demonstrate our hybrid modeling framework effectively captures cellular metabolism and expands the applicability of dFBA to model the dynamic conditions in a bioreactor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valderrama-Gomez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Icten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingram, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shek, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlegel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolandi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontoravdi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COSMIC-dFBA: A novel multi-scale hybrid framework for bioprocess modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine assisted annotation in neuroanatomy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the important yet labor intensive tasks in neuroanatomy is the identification of select populations of cells. Current high-throughput techniques enable marking cells with histochemical fluorescent molecules as well as through the genetic expression of fluorescent proteins. Modern scanning microscopes allow high resolution multi-channel imaging of the mechanically or optically sectioned brain with thousands of marked cells per square millimeter. Manual identification of all marked cells is prohibitively time consuming. At the same time, simple segmentation algorithms suffer from high error rates and sensitivity to variation in fluorescent intensity and spatial distribution. We present a methodology that combines human judgement and machine learning that serves to significantly reduce the labor of the anatomist while improving the consistency of the annotation. As a demonstration, we analyzed murine brains with marked premotor neurons in the brainstem. We compared the error rate of our method to the disagreement rate among human anatomists. This comparison shows that our method can reduce the time to annotate by as much as ten-fold without significantly increasing the rate of errors. We show that our method achieves significant reduction in labor while achieving an accuracy that is similar to the level of agreement between different anatomists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine assisted annotation in neuroanatomy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
circHIPK3 nucleates IGF2BP2 and functions as a competing endogenous RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of widespread endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression and thereby influence cell biological decisions with implications for the pathogenesis of several diseases. Here, we disclose a novel gene-regulatory role of circHIPK3 by combining analyses of large genomics datasets and mechanistic cell biological follow-up experiments. Specifically, we use temporal depletion of circHIPK3 or specific RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and identify several perturbed genes by RNA sequencing analyses. Using expression-coupled motif analyses of mRNA expression data from various knockdown experiments, we identify an 11-mer motif within circHIPK3, which is also enriched in genes that become downregulated upon circHIPK3 depletion. By mining eCLIP datasets, we find that the 11-mer motif constitutes a strong binding site for IGF2BP2 and validate this circHIPK3-IGF2BP2 interaction experimentally using RNA-immunoprecipitation and competition assays in bladder cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that circHIPK3 and IGF2BP2 mRNA targets compete for binding. Since the identified 11-mer motif found in circHIPK3 is enriched in upregulated genes following IGF2BP2 knockdown, and since IGF2BP2 depletion conversely globally antagonizes the effect of circHIPK3 knockdown on target genes, our results suggest that circHIPK3 can sequester IGF2BP2 as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), leading to target mRNA stabilization. As an example of a circHIPK3-regulated gene, we focus on the STAT3 mRNA as a specific substrate of IGF2BP2 and validate that manipulation of circHIPK3 regulates IGF2BP2-STAT3 mRNA binding and thereby STAT3 mRNA levels. However, absolute copy number quantifications demonstrate that IGF2BP2 outnumbers circHIPK3 by orders of magnitude, which is inconsistent with a simple 1:1 ceRNA hypothesis. Instead, we show that circHIPK3 can nucleate multiple copies of IGF2BP2, potentially via phase separation, to produce IGF2BP2 condensates. Finally, we show that circHIPK3 expression correlates with overall survival of patients with bladder cancer. Our results are consistent with a model where relatively few cellular circHIPK3 molecules function as inducers of IGF2BP2 condensation thereby regulating STAT3 and other key factors for cell proliferation and potentially cancer progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okholm, T. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamstrup, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollensen, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graversgaard, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristensen, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyrskjot, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kjems, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damgaard, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[circHIPK3 nucleates IGF2BP2 and functions as a competing endogenous RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cold Storage and Cryopreservation Methods for Spermatozoa of the Sea Urchin, Lytechinus pictus . 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sea urchins have contributed greatly to knowledge of fertilization, embryogenesis and cell biology. However, until now, they have not been a genetic model organism because of the long generation times of commonly used species, and lack of tools for husbandry and genetic manipulation. We recently established Lytechinus pictus, as a multigenerational sea urchin model, because of its relatively short generation time of 4-6 months and ease of laboratory culture. To take full advantage of this new multigenerational species, methods are needed to biobank and share mutant L. pictus sperm. Here, we describe a new extender based on sperm ion physiology before spawning of sperm into seawater. This extender maintains sperm capable of fertilization for at least 5-10 weeks when stored at 0 {degrees}C. We use the extender, and the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), to cryopreserve sperm of both L. pictus, and the widely used sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The simple methods we describe work well for both species, achieving > 90% development and producing larvae that successfully undergo metamorphosis to juvenile sea urchins. Sperm of these two species can be frozen and thawed at least twice and still give rise to larvae that undergo metamorphosis.

Main PointsO_LISperm can maintain fertilizing capacity ex vivo for 5-10 weeks when stored at 0{degrees}C.
C_LIO_LIWhen freezing in liquid nitrogen no stepwise addition of cryoprotectant, or stepwise drop in temperature are required.
C_LIO_LIA standard fertilization assay is presented to score cleavage stage sea urchin embryos produced by cryopreserved sperm.
C_LIO_LISperm frozen and thawed more than once can produce larvae.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vacquier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdoun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cold Storage and Cryopreservation Methods for Spermatozoa of the Sea Urchin, Lytechinus pictus .]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generating Novel Leads for Drug Discovery using LLMs with Logical Feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used as repositories of biological and chemical information to generate pharmacological lead compounds. However, for LLMs to focus on specific drug targets typically require experimentation with progressively more refined prompts. Results thus become dependent not just on what is known about the target, but also on what is known about the prompt-engineering. In this paper, we separate the prompt into domain-constraints that can be written in a standard logical form, and a simple text-based query. We investigate whether LLMs can be guided, not by refining prompts manually, but by refining the the logical component automatically, keeping the query unchanged. We describe an iterative procedure LMLF ("Language Models with Logical Feedback") in which the constraints are progressively refined using a logical notion of generalisation. On any iteration, newly generated instances are verified against the constraint, providing "logical-feedback" for the next iterations refinement of the constraints. We evaluate LMLF using two well-known targets (inhibition of the Janus Kinase 2; and Dopamine Receptor D2); and two different LLMs (GPT-3 and PaLM). We show that LMLF, starting with the same logical constraints and query text, can guide both LLMs to generate potential leads. We find: (a) Binding affinities of LMLF-generated molecules are skewed towards higher binding affinities than those from existing baselines; LMLF results in generating molecules that are skewed towards higher binding affinities than without logical feedback; (c) Assessment by a computational chemist suggests that LMLF generated compounds may be novel inhibitors. These findings suggest that LLMs with logical feedback may provide a mechanism for generating new leads without requiring the domain-specialist to acquire sophisticated skills in prompt-engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brahmavar, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vig, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aduri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generating Novel Leads for Drug Discovery using LLMs with Logical Feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and dynamic changes in P-Rex1 upon activation by PIP3 and inhibition by IP4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PIP3-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and plays central roles in chemotaxis and cancer metastasis by serving as a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac. The enzyme is synergistically activated by PIP3 and the heterotrimeric G{beta}{gamma} subunits, but mechanistic details remain poorly understood. While investigating the regulation of P-Rex1 by PIP3, we discovered that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 (IP4) inhibits P-Rex1 activity and induces large decreases in backbone dynamics in diverse regions of the protein. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the P-Rex1{middle dot}IP4 complex revealed a conformation wherein the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain occludes the active site of the Dbl homology (DH) domain. This configuration is stabilized by interactions between the first DEP domain (DEP1) and the DH domain and between the PH domain and a 4-helix bundle (4HB) subdomain that extends from the C-terminal domain of P-Rex1. Disruption of the DH-DEP1 interface in a DH/PH-DEP1 fragment enhanced activity and led to a more extended conformation in solution, whereas mutations that constrain the occluded conformation led to decreased GEF activity. Variants of full-length P-Rex1 in which the DH-DEP1 and PH-4HB interfaces were disturbed exhibited enhanced activity during chemokine-induced cell migration, confirming that the observed structure represents the autoinhibited state in living cells. Interactions with PIP3-containing liposomes led to disruption of these interfaces and increased dynamics protein-wide. Our results further suggest that inositol phosphates such as IP4 help to inhibit basal P-Rex1 activity in neutrophils, similar to their inhibitory effects on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravala, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adame-Garcia, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cianfrocco, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesmer, J. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and dynamic changes in P-Rex1 upon activation by PIP3 and inhibition by IP4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variability in the phytoplankton response to upwelling across an iron limitation mosaic within the California Current System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coastal upwelling currents such as the California Current System (CCS) comprise some of the most productive biological systems on the planet. Diatoms, a distinct taxon of phytoplankton, dominate these upwelling events in part due to their rapid response to nutrient entrainment. In this region, they may also be limited by the micronutrient iron (Fe), an important trace element primarily involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation. The mechanisms behind how diatoms physiologically acclimate to the different stages of the upwelling conveyor belt cycle with respect to Fe limitation remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we explore their physiological and metatranscriptomic response to the upwelling cycle with respect to the Fe limitation mosaic that exists in the CCS. Subsurface, natural plankton assemblages that would potentially seed surface blooms were examined over wide and narrow shelf regions. The initial biomass and physiological state of the phytoplankton community had a large impact on the overall response to simulated upwelling. Following on-deck incubation under varying Fe physiological states, our results suggest that diatoms quickly dominated the blooms by "frontloading" nitrogen assimilation genes prior to upwelling. However, diatoms subjected to induced Fe limitation exhibited reductions in carbon and nitrogen uptake and decreasing biomass accumulation. Simultaneously, they exhibited a distinct gene expression response which included increased expression of Fe-starvation induced proteins and decreased expression of nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis genes. These findings may have significant implications for upwelling events in future oceans, where changes in ocean conditions are projected to amplify the gradient of Fe limitation in coastal upwelling regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torano, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitehouse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Till, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freiberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellett, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.558967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variability in the phytoplankton response to upwelling across an iron limitation mosaic within the California Current System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.559000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A phage nucleus-associated RNA-binding protein is required for jumbo phage infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.559000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-genome bacteriophages (jumbo phages) of the Chimalliviridae family assemble a nucleus-like compartment bounded by a protein shell that protects the replicating phage genome from host-encoded restriction enzymes and CRISPR/Cas nucleases. While the nuclear shell provides broad protection against host nucleases, it necessitates transport of mRNA out of the nucleus-like compartment for translation by host ribosomes, and transport of specific proteins into the nucleus-like compartment to support DNA replication and mRNA transcription. Here we identify a conserved phage nuclear shell-associated protein that we term Chimallin C (ChmC), which adopts a nucleic acid-binding fold, binds RNA with high affinity in vitro, and binds phage mRNAs in infected cells. ChmC also forms phase-separated condensates with RNA in vitro. Targeted knockdown of ChmC using mRNA-targeting dCas13d halts infections at an early stage. Taken together, our data suggest that the conserved ChmC protein acts as a chaperone for phage mRNAs, potentially stabilizing these mRNAs and driving their translocation through the nuclear shell to promote translation and infection progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naritomi, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cress, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaikeeratisak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.559000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A phage nucleus-associated RNA-binding protein is required for jumbo phage infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Next-generation genetic sexing strain establishment in the agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tephritid fruit fly pests pose an increasing threat to the agricultural industry due to their global dispersion and a highly invasive nature. Here we showcase the feasibility of an early-detection SEPARATOR sex sorting approach through using the non-model Tephritid pest, Ceratitis capitata. This system relies on female-only fluorescent marker expression, accomplished through the use of a sex-specific intron of the highly-conserved transformer gene from C. capitata and Anastrepha ludens. The herein characterized strains have 100% desired phenotype outcomes, allowing accurate male-female separation during early development. Overall, we describe an antibiotic and temperature-independent sex-sorting system in C. capitata, which, moving forward, may be implemented in other non-model Tephritid pest species. This strategy can facilitate the establishment of genetic sexing systems with endogenous elements exclusively, which, on a wider scale, can improve pest population control strategies like sterile insect technique.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davydova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braswell, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meccariello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.29.560088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Next-generation genetic sexing strain establishment in the agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light-induced trapping of endogenous proteins reveals spatiotemporal roles of microtubule and kinesin-1 in dendrite patterning of Drosophila sensory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal development involves numerous molecular events, whose spatiotemporal properties largely determine the biological outcomes. Conventional methods for studying gene function lack the necessary spatiotemporal resolution for precise dissection of developmental mechanisms. Optogenetic approaches are powerful alternatives, but most existing tools rely on exogenous designer proteins that produce narrow outputs and cannot be applied to diverse or endogenous proteins. To address this limitation, we developed OptoTrap, a light-inducible protein trapping system that allows manipulation of endogenous proteins tagged with GFP or split GFP. This system turns on fast and is reversible in minutes or hours. We generated OptoTrap variants optimized for neurons and epithelial cells and demonstrate effective trapping of endogenous proteins of diverse sizes, subcellular locations, and functions. Furthermore, OptoTrap allowed us to instantly disrupt microtubules and inhibit the kinesin-1 motor in specific dendritic branches of Drosophila sensory neurons. Using OptoTrap, we obtained direct evidence that microtubules support the growth of highly dynamic dendrites. Similarly, targeted manipulation of Kinesin heavy chain revealed differential spatiotemporal requirements of kinesin-1 in the patterning of low- and high-order dendritic branches, suggesting that different cargos are needed for the growth of these branches. OptoTrap allows for precise manipulation of endogenous proteins in a spatiotemporal manner and thus holds great promise for studying developmental mechanisms in a wide range of cell types and developmental stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildonger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light-induced trapping of endogenous proteins reveals spatiotemporal roles of microtubule and kinesin-1 in dendrite patterning of Drosophila sensory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mobile intron facilitates interference competition between co-infecting viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mobile introns containing homing endonucleases are widespread in nature and have long been assumed to be selfish elements that provide no benefit to the host organism. These genetic elements are common in viruses, but whether they confer a selective advantage is unclear. Here we studied a mobile intron in bacteriophage {Phi}PA3 and found its homing endonuclease gp210 contributes to viral competition by interfering with the virogenesis of co-infecting phage {Phi}KZ. We show that gp210 targets a specific sequence in its competitor {Phi}KZ, preventing the assembly of progeny viruses. This work reports the first demonstration of how a mobile intron can be deployed to engage in interference competition and provide a reproductive advantage. Given the ubiquity of introns, this selective advantage likely has widespread evolutionary implications in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Birkholz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangarajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meza, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mobile intron facilitates interference competition between co-infecting viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexually dimorphic mechanisms of VGLUT-mediated protection from dopaminergic neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) targets some dopamine (DA) neurons more than others. Sex differences offer insights, with females more protected from DA neurodegeneration. The mammalian vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 and Drosophila ortholog dVGLUT have been implicated as modulators of DA neuron resilience. However, the mechanisms by which VGLUT2/dVGLUT protects DA neurons remain unknown. We discovered DA neuron dVGLUT knockdown increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a sexually dimorphic manner in response to depolarization or paraquat-induced stress, males being especially affected. DA neuron dVGLUT also reduced ATP biosynthetic burden during depolarization. RNA sequencing of VGLUT+ DA neurons in mice and flies identified candidate genes that we functionally screened to further dissect VGLUT-mediated DA neuron resilience across PD models. We discovered transcription factors modulating dVGLUT-dependent DA neuroprotection and identified dj-1{beta} as a regulator of sex-specific DA neuron dVGLUT expression. Overall, VGLUT protects DA neurons from PD-associated degeneration by maintaining mitochondrial health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buck, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunkhyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treiber, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenno, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mabry, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketchesin, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker-Krail, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasylieva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisel, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson-Oberg, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aravind, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbakri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Miranda, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palladino, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fish, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seney, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayport, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingote, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deisseroth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awatramani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waddell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheetham, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freyberg, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.02.560584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexually dimorphic mechanisms of VGLUT-mediated protection from dopaminergic neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CASTER: Direct species tree inference from whole-genome alignments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomes contain mosaics of discordant evolutionary histories, challenging the accurate inference of the tree of life. While genome-wide data are routinely used for discordance-aware phylogenomic analyses, due to modeling and scalability limitations, the current practice leaves out large chunks of the genomes. As more high-quality genomes become available, we urgently need discordance-aware methods to infer the tree directly from a multiple genome alignment. Here, we introduce CASTER, a site-based method that eliminates the need to predefine recombination-free loci. CASTER is statistically consistent under incomplete lineage sorting and is scalable to hundreds of mammalian whole genomes. We show both in simulations and on real data that CASTER is scalable and accurate and that its per-site scores can reveal interesting patterns of evolution across the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CASTER: Direct species tree inference from whole-genome alignments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Function Coupling in Highly Sampled Individual Brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural connections (SC) between distant regions of the brain support synchronized function known as functional connectivity (FC) and give rise to the large-scale brain networks that enable cognition and behavior. Understanding how SC enables FC is important to understand how injuries to structural connections may alter brain function and cognition. Previous work evaluating whole-brain SC-FC relationships showed that SC explained FC well in unimodal visual and motor areas, but only weakly in association areas, suggesting a unimodal-heteromodal gradient organization of SC-FC coupling. However, this work was conducted in group-averaged SC/FC data. Thus, it could not account for inter-individual variability in the locations of cortical areas and white matter tracts. We evaluated the correspondence of SC and FC within three highly sampled healthy participants. For each participant, we collected 78 minutes of diffusion-weighted MRI for SC and 360 minutes of resting state fMRI for FC. We found that FC was best explained by SC in visual and motor systems, as well as in anterior and posterior cingulate regions. A unimodal-to-heteromodal gradient could not fully explain SC-FC coupling. We conclude that the SC-FC coupling of the anterior-posterior cingulate circuit is more similar to unimodal areas than to heteromodal areas.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStructural connections between distant regions of the human brain support networked function that enables cognition and behavior. Improving our understanding of how structure enables function could allow better insight into how brain disconnection injuries impair brain function.

Previous work using neuroimaging suggested that structure-function relationships vary systematically across the brain, with structure better explaining function in basic visual/motor areas than in higher-order areas. However, this work was conducted in group-averaged data, which may obscure details of individual-specific structure-function relationships.

Using individual-specific densely sampled neuroimaging data, we found that in addition to visual/motor regions, structure strongly predicts function in specific circuits of the higher-order cingulate gyrus. The cingulates structure-function relationship suggests that its organization may be unique among higher-order cortical regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Function Coupling in Highly Sampled Individual Brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.560776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury disrupts state-dependent functional cortical connectivity in a mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.560776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young people and can cause cognitive and motor dysfunction and disruptions in functional connectivity between brain regions. In human TBI patients and rodent models of TBI, functional connectivity is decreased after injury. Recovery of connectivity after TBI is associated with improved cognition and memory, suggesting an important link between connectivity and functional outcome. We examined widespread alterations in functional connectivity following TBI using simultaneous widefield mesoscale GCaMP7c calcium imaging and electrocorticography (ECoG) in mice injured using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI. Combining CCI with widefield cortical imaging provides us with unprecedented access to characterize network connectivity changes throughout the entire injured cortex over time. Our data demonstrate that CCI profoundly disrupts functional connectivity immediately after injury, followed by partial recovery over 3 weeks. Examining discrete periods of locomotion and stillness reveals that CCI alters functional connectivity and reduces theta power only during periods of behavioral stillness. Together, these findings demonstrate that TBI causes dynamic, behavioral state-dependent changes in functional connectivity and ECoG activity across the cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bottom-Tanzer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolanos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinones, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shtrahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whalen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oren, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noubary, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.560776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Traumatic brain injury disrupts state-dependent functional cortical connectivity in a mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encoding extracellular modification of artificial cell membranes using engineered self-translocating proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A common method of generating artificial cells is to encapsulate protein expression systems within lipid vesicles. However, to communicate with the external environment, protein translocation across lipid membranes must take place. In living cells, protein transport across membranes is achieved with the aid of complex translocase systems which are difficult to reconstitute into artificial cells. Thus, there is need for simple mechanisms by which proteins can be encoded and expressed inside synthetic compartments yet still be externally displayed. Here we present a genetically encodable membrane functionalization system based on mutants of pore-forming proteins. We show that the membrane translocating loop of -hemolysin can be engineered to translocate functional peptides up to 52 amino acids across lipid membranes. Engineered hemolysins can be used for genetically programming artificial cells to display interacting peptide pairs, enabling their assembly into artificial tissue-like structures capable of signal transduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harjung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fracassi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encoding extracellular modification of artificial cell membranes using engineered self-translocating proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Changes in electrophysiological aperiodic activity during cognitive control in Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive symptoms in Parkinsons disease (PD) are common and can significantly affect patients quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to identify a signature derived from behavioral and/or neuroimaging indicators that could predict which patients are at increased risk for early and rapid cognitive decline. Recently, converging evidence identified electroencephalogram (EEG) aperiodic activity as meaningful physiological information associated with age, development, cognitive and perceptual states or pathologies. In this study, we aimed to investigate aperiodic activity in PD during cognitive control and characterize its possible association with behavior.

Here, we recorded high-density EEG (HD-EEG) in 30 healthy controls and 30 PD patients during a Simon task. We analyzed task-related behavioral data in the context of the activation-suppression model and extracted aperiodic parameters (offset, exponent) at both scalp and source levels.

Our results showed behavioral alterations of cognitive control as well as higher offsets in patients in the parieto-occipital areas, suggesting increased excitability in PD. A small congruence effect on aperiodic parameters in pre- and post-central brain areas was also found, possibly associated with task execution. Significant differences in aperiodic parameters between the resting state, pre- and post-stimulus phases all across the scalp and cortex confirmed that the observed changes in aperiodic activity are linked to task execution. No correlation was found between aperiodic activity and behavior or clinical features.

Our findings provide evidence that EEG aperiodic activity in PD is characterized by greater offsets, and that aperiodic parameters differ depending on arousal state. However, our results do not support the hypothesis that the behavior-related differences observed in PD are related to aperiodic changes. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering aperiodic activity contributions in brain disorders and further investigating the relationship between aperiodic activity and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monchy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modolo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houvenaghel, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duprez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.561166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Changes in electrophysiological aperiodic activity during cognitive control in Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inputs to the locus coeruleus from the periaqueductal gray and rostroventral medulla shape opioid-mediated descending pain modulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The supraspinal descending pain modulatory system (DPMS) shapes pain perception via monoaminergic modulation of sensory information in the spinal cord. However, the role and synaptic mechanisms of descending noradrenergic signaling remain unclear. Here, we establish that noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) are essential for supraspinal opioid antinociception. Unexpectedly, given prior emphasis on descending serotonergic pathways, we find that opioid antinociception is primarily driven by excitatory output from the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) to the LC. Furthermore, we identify a previously unknown opioid-sensitive inhibitory input from the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM), the suppression of which disinhibits LC neurons to drive spinal noradrenergic antinociception. We also report the presence of prominent bifurcating outputs from the vlPAG to the LC and the RVM. Our findings significantly revise current models of the DPMS and establish a novel supraspinal antinociceptive pathway that may contribute to multiple forms of descending pain modulation.

TeaserConvergent synaptic activation of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus drives systemic opioid antinociception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lubejko, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livrizzi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banghart, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inputs to the locus coeruleus from the periaqueductal gray and rostroventral medulla shape opioid-mediated descending pain modulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environment-driven trends in fish larval abundance predict fishery recruitment in two temperature reef congeners: mechanisms and implications for management 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental and biological processes acting on fish larvae can drive fishery cohort strength, but predictive ability oftentimes falls short, and larval abundance is generally considered more useful as a proxy for spawning biomass. Under a changing ocean, studies that relate environmental covariates, larval abundance, and fishery recruitment are worthy of continued research, especially in data-limited contexts. We focus on a popular, recreational-only, multispecies saltwater bass fishery (genus Paralabrax) whose population status and recovery potential are uncertain. We used 54 years of ichthyoplankton data (1963-2016) and a species distribution model to 1) deconstruct species-specific standardized indices of larval abundance, 2) test these indices as indicators of adult stock status or predictors of future fishery recruitment, and 3) evaluate spatiotemporal trends in their population dynamics relative to environmental variables. Contrary to expectation, species-specific larval abundance predicted future catch, with recent elevated larval abundance suggesting imminent fishery recovery. Additionally, we identified strong relationships with environmental variables, thereby providing additional tools for predicting fishery recruitment and anticipating population change. Our findings paint a path forward for improving estimates of current and future fishery status under changing natural and anthropogenic influences and the incorporation of ecosystem considerations into fishery management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mason, E. T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semmens, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.11.561723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environment-driven trends in fish larval abundance predict fishery recruitment in two temperature reef congeners: mechanisms and implications for management]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.561935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hidden evolutionary constraints dictate the retention of coronavirus accessory genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.561935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses exhibit many mechanisms of genetic innovation, including the acquisition of accessory genes that originate by capture of cellular genes or through duplication of existing viral genes. Accessory genes influence viral host range and cellular tropism, but little is known about how selection acts on these variable regions of virus genomes. We used experimental evolution of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) encoding a cellular AKAP7 phosphodiesterase and an inactive native phosphodiesterase, NS2 to model the evolutionary fate of accessory genes. After courses of serial infection, the gene encoding inactive NS2, ORF2, unexpectedly remained intact, suggesting it is under cryptic constraint uncoupled from the function of NS2. In contrast, AKAP7 was retained under strong selection but rapidly lost under relaxed selection. Experimental evolution also led to altered viral replication in a cell type-specific manner and changed the relative proportions of subgenomic viral RNA in plaque-purified viral isolates, revealing additional mechanisms of adaptation. Guided by the retention of ORF2 and similar patterns in related betacoronaviruses, we analyzed ORF8 of SARS-CoV-2, which arose via gene duplication and contains premature stop codons in several globally successful lineages. As with MHV ORF2, the coding-defective SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 gene remains largely intact, mirroring patterns observed during MHV experimental evolution, challenging assumptions on the dynamics of gene loss in virus genomes and extending these findings to viruses currently adapting to humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feeley, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babler, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilbert, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downhour, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elde, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.12.561935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hidden evolutionary constraints dictate the retention of coronavirus accessory genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.562118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic bypass rescues aberrant S-nitrosylation-induced TCA cycle inhibition and synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease human neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.12.562118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Alzheimers disease (AD), dysfunctional mitochondrial metabolism is associated with synaptic loss, the major pathological correlate of cognitive decline. Mechanistic insight for this relationship, however, is still lacking. Here, comparing isogenic wild-type and AD mutant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cerebrocortical neurons (hiN), we found evidence for compromised mitochondrial energy in AD using the Seahorse platform to analyze glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Isotope-labeled metabolic flux experiments revealed a major block in activity in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at the -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH)/succinyl coenzyme-A synthetase step, metabolizing -ketoglutarate to succinate. Associated with this block we found aberrant protein S-nitrosylation of KGDH subunits that are known to inhibit enzyme function. This aberrant S-nitrosylation was documented not only in AD-hiN but also in postmortem human AD brains vs. controls, as assessed by two separate unbiased mass spectrometry platforms using both SNOTRAP identification of S-nitrosothiols and chemoselective-enrichment of S-nitrosoproteins. Treatment with dimethyl succinate, a cell-permeable derivative of a TCA substrate (downstream to the block, resulted in partial rescue of mitochondrial bioenergetic function as well as reversal of synapse loss in AD-hiN. Our findings have therapeutic implications that rescue of mitochondrial energy metabolism can ameliorate synaptic loss in hiPSC-based models of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreyev, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doulias, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolatabadi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luevanos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ischiropoulos, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tannenbaum, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.12.562118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic bypass rescues aberrant S-nitrosylation-induced TCA cycle inhibition and synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease human neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.561203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long chain monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid levels in human milk vary with gestational weight gain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.561203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breastfeeding is an important determinant of infant health and there is immense interest in understanding its metabolite composition so that key beneficial components can be identified. The aim of this research was to measure the fatty acid composition of human milk in an Irish cohort where we examined changes depending on lactation stage and gestational weight gain trajectory. Utilising a chromatography approach optimal for isomer separation, we identified 44 individual fatty acid species via GCMS and showed that monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids(mmBCFAs), C15:0 and C16:1 are lower in women with excess gestational weight gain versus low gestational weight gain. To further explore the potential contribution of the activity of endogenous metabolic pathways to levels of these fatty acids in milk, we administered D2O to C57BL/6J dams fed a purified lard based high fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet during gestation and quantified the total and de novo synthesized levels of fatty acids in their milk. We found that de novo synthesis over three days can account for between 10 and 50% of mmBCFAs in milk from dams on the low-fat diet dependent on the branched-chain fatty acid species. However, HFD fed mice had significantly decreased de novo synthesized fatty acids in milk resulting in lower total mmBCFAs and medium chain fatty acid levels. Overall, our findings highlight the diverse fatty acid composition of human milk and that human milk mmBCFA levels differ between gestational weight gain phenotypes. In addition, our data indicates that de novo synthesis contributes to mmBCFA levels in mice milk and thus may also be a contributory factor to mmBCFA levels in human milk. Given emerging data indicating mmBCFAs may be beneficial components of milk, this study contributes to our knowledge around the phenotypic factors that may impact their levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Sullivan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafferty, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Regan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meurs, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gengatharan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.561203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long chain monomethyl branched-chain fatty acid levels in human milk vary with gestational weight gain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resting-state is not enough: alpha and mu rhythms change shape across development, but lack diagnostic sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the human brain, the alpha rhythm in occipital cortex and the mu rhythm in sensorimotor cortex are among the most prominent rhythms, with both rhythms functionally implicated in gating modality-specific information. Separation of these rhythms is non-trivial due to the spatial mixing of these oscillations in sensor space. Using a computationally efficient processing pipeline requiring no manual data cleaning, we isolated alpha and/or mu rhythms from electroencephalography recordings performed on 1605 children aged 5-18. Using the extracted time series for each rhythm, we characterized the waveform shape on a cycle-by-cycle basis and examined whether and how the waveform shape differs across development. We demonstrate that alpha and mu rhythms both exhibit nonsinusoidal waveform shape that changes significantly across development, in addition to the known large changes in oscillatory frequency. This dataset also provided an opportunity to assess oscillatory measures for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We found no differences in the resting-state features of these alpha-band rhythms for either ADHD or ASD in comparison to typically developing participants in this dataset. While waveform shape is ignored by traditional Fourier spectral analyses, these nonsinusoidal properties may be informative for building more constrained generative models for different types of alpha-band rhythms, yielding more specific insight into their generation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bender, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaworonkow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resting-state is not enough: alpha and mu rhythms change shape across development, but lack diagnostic sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergent effects of synaptic connectivity on cortical sleep slow wave amplitude, density and propagation in a large-scale thalamocortical network model of the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), characterized by slow oscillations (SO, <1Hz) of alternating active and silent states in the thalamocortical network, is a primary brain state during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. In the last two decades, the traditional view of SWS as a global and uniform whole-brain state has been challenged by a growing body of evidence indicating that SO can be local and can coexist with wake-like activity. However, the understanding of how global and local SO emerges from micro-scale neuron dynamics and network connectivity remains unclear. We developed a multi-scale, biophysically realistic human whole-brain thalamocortical network model capable of transitioning between the awake state and slow-wave sleep, and we investigated the role of connectivity in the spatio-temporal dynamics of sleep SO. We found that the overall strength and a relative balance between long and short-range synaptic connections determined the network state. Importantly, for a range of synaptic strengths, the model demonstrated complex mixed SO states, where periods of synchronized global slow-wave activity were intermittent with the periods of asynchronous local slow-waves. Increase of the overall synaptic strength led to synchronized global SO, while decrease of synaptic connectivity produced only local slow-waves that would not propagate beyond local area. These results were compared to human data to validate probable models of biophysically realistic SO. The model producing mixed states provided the best match to the spatial coherence profile and the functional connectivity estimated from human subjects. These findings shed light on how the spatio-temporal properties of SO emerge from local and global cortical connectivity and provide a framework for further exploring the mechanisms and functions of SWS in health and disease.

Author SummarySlow Wave Sleep (SWS) is a primary brain state displayed during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. While previously thought of as homogenous waves of activity that sweep across the entire brain, modern research has suggested a more nuanced pattern of activity that can vary between local and global slow wave activity. However, understanding how these states emerge from small scale neuronal dynamics and network connectivity remains unclear. We developed a biophysically realistic model of the human brain capable of generating SWS-like behavior, and investigated the role of connectivity in the spatio-temporal dynamics of these slow waves. We found that the overall strength and a relative balance between long and short-range synaptic connections determined the network behavior - specifically, models with relatively weaker long-range connectivity resulted in mixed states of global and local slow waves. These results were compared to human data, and we found that models producing mixed states provided the best match to the network behavior and functional connectivity of human subject data. These findings shed light on how the spatio-temporal properties of SWS emerge from local and global cortical connectivity and provide a framework for further exploring the mechanisms and functions of SWS in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marsh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuloaga, M. G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokolov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanois, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.15.562408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergent effects of synaptic connectivity on cortical sleep slow wave amplitude, density and propagation in a large-scale thalamocortical network model of the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.560801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GRAMD2+ alveolar type I cell plasticity facilitates cell state transitions in organoid culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.560801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alveolar epithelial regeneration is critical for normal lung function and becomes dysregulated in disease. While alveolar type 2 (AT2) and club cells are known distal lung epithelial progenitors, determining if alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) cells also contribute to alveolar regeneration has been hampered by lack of highly specific mouse models labeling AT1 cells. To address this, the Gramd2CreERT2 transgenic strain was generated and crossed to RosamTmG mice. Extensive cellular characterization, including distal lung immunofluorescence and cytospin staining, confirmed that GRAMD2+ AT1 cells are highly enriched for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Interestingly, Gramd2CreERT2 GFP+ cells were able to form organoids in organoid co-culture with Mlg fibroblasts. Temporal scRNAseq revealed that Gramd2+ AT1 cells transition through numerous intermediate lung epithelial cell states including basal, secretory and AT2 cell in organoids while acquiring proliferative capacity. Our results indicate that Gramd2+ AT1 cells are highly plastic suggesting they may contribute to alveolar regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flodby, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minoo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconett, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.560801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GRAMD2+ alveolar type I cell plasticity facilitates cell state transitions in organoid culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of 2-Fucosyllactose degradation by Human-Associated Akkermansia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among the first microorganisms to colonize the human gut of breastfed infants are bacteria capable of fermenting human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). One of the most abundant HMOs, 2-fucosyllactose (2-FL), may specifically drive bacterial colonization of the intestine. Recently, differential growth has been observed across multiple species of Akkermansia on various HMOs including 2FL. In culture, we found growth of two species, A. muciniphila MucT and A. biwaensis CSUN-19, in HMOS corresponded to a decrease in the levels of 2-FL and an increase in lactose, indicating that the first step in 2-FL catabolism is the cleavage of fucose. Using phylogenetic analysis and transcriptional profiling, we found that the number and expression of fucosidase genes from two glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, GH29 and GH95, varies between these two species. During mid-log phase growth, the expression of several GH29 genes was increased by 2-FL in both species, whereas the GH95 genes were induced only in A. muciniphila. We further show that one putative fucosidase and a {beta}-galactosidase from A. biwaensis are involved in the breakdown of 2-FL. Our findings indicate that that plasticity of GHs of human associated Akkermansia sp. enable access to additional growth substrates present in HMOs, including 2-FL. Our work highlights the potential for Akkermansia to influence the development of the gut microbiota early in life and expands the known metabolic capabilities of this important human symbiont.

IMPORTANCEAkkermansia are mucin degrading specialists widely distributed in the human population. Akkermansia biwaensis has recently been observed to have enhanced growth relative to other human associated Akkermansia on multiple human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). However, the mechanisms for enhanced growth are not understood. Here, we characterized the phylogenetic diversity and function of select genes involved in growth of A. biwaensis on 2-fucosyllactose (2-FL), a dominant HMO. Specifically, we demonstrate that two genes in a genomic locus, a putative {beta}-galactosidase and -fucosidase, are likely responsible for the enhanced growth on 2-FL. The functional characterization of A. biwaensis growth on 2-FL delineates the significance of a single genomic locus that may facilitate enhanced colonization and functional activity of select Akkermansia early in life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fricker, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzetta, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdivia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of 2-Fucosyllactose degradation by Human-Associated Akkermansia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Eukaryotic chemotaxis under periodic stimulation shows temporal gradient dependence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum are starved of nutrients they start to synthesize and secrete the chemical messenger and chemoattractant cyclic Adenosine Mono Phosphate (cAMP). This signal is relayed by other cells, resulting in the establishment of periodic waves. The cells aggregate through chemotaxis towards the center of these waves. We investigated the chemotactic response of individual cells to repeated exposure to waves of cAMP generated by a microfluidic device. When the period of the waves is short, the chemotactic ability of the cells was found to increase upon exposure to more waves, suggesting the development of a longer-term memory. This effect was not significant for longer wave periods. We show that the experimental results are consistent with a model that includes a slowly rising and decaying component that is activated by the temporal gradient of cAMP concentration. The observed enhancement in chemotaxis is relevant to populations in the wild: once sustained, periodic waves of the chemoattractant are established, it is beneficial to cells to improve their chemotactic ability in order to reach the aggregation center sooner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karmakar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karanam, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Eukaryotic chemotaxis under periodic stimulation shows temporal gradient dependence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Requirements for Reverse Transcription by a Diversity-generating Retroelement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create massive protein sequence variation in ecologically diverse microbes. Variation occurs during reverse transcription of a protein-encoding RNA template coupled to misincorporation at adenosines. In the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR, the template must be surrounded by upstream and downstream RNA segments for cDNA synthesis by the reverse transcriptase bRT and associated protein Avd. The function of the surrounding RNA was unknown. Cryo-EM revealed that this RNA enveloped bRT and lay over barrel-shaped Avd, forming an intimate ribonucleoprotein (RNP).

An abundance of essential interactions between RNA structural elements and bRT-Avd precisely positioned an RNA homoduplex for initiation of cDNA synthesis by cis-priming. Our results explain how the surrounding RNA primes cDNA synthesis, promotes processivity, terminates polymerization, and strictly limits mutagenesis to select proteins through mechanisms that are likely conserved in DGRs from distant taxa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Requirements for Reverse Transcription by a Diversity-generating Retroelement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type-resolved somatic mosaicism reveals clonal dynamics of the human forebrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Debate remains around anatomic origins of specific brain cell subtypes and lineage relationships within the human forebrain. Thus, direct observation in the mature human brain is critical for a complete understanding of the structural organization and cellular origins. Here, we utilize brain mosaic variation within specific cell types as distinct indicators for clonal dynamics, denoted as cell-type-specific Mosaic Variant Barcode Analysis. From four hemispheres from two different human neurotypical donors, we identified 287 and 780 mosaic variants (MVs), respectively that were used to deconvolve clonal dynamics. Clonal spread and allelic fractions within the brain reveal that local hippocampal excitatory neurons are more lineage-restricted compared with resident neocortical excitatory neurons or resident basal ganglia GABAergic inhibitory neurons. Furthermore, simultaneous genome-transcriptome analysis at both a cell-type-specific and single-cell level suggests a dorsal neocortical origin for a subgroup of DLX1+ inhibitory neurons that disperse radially from an origin shared with excitatory neurons. Finally, the distribution of MVs across 17 locations within one parietal lobe reveals restrictions of clonal spread in the anterior-posterior axis precedes that of the dorsal-ventral axis for both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Thus cell-type resolved somatic mosaicism can uncover lineage relationships governing the development of the human forebrain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vong, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedunuri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type-resolved somatic mosaicism reveals clonal dynamics of the human forebrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulation-Driven Design of Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Immunogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The full-length prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) is the principal antigen of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine efficacy has been impacted by emerging variants of concern that accumulate most of the sequence modifications in the immunodominant S1 subunit. S2, in contrast, is the most evolutionarily conserved region of the spike and can elicit broadly neutralizing and protective antibodies. Yet, S2s usage as an alternative vaccine strategy is hampered by its general instability. Here, we use a simulation-driven approach to design S2-only immunogens stabilized in a closed prefusion conformation. Molecular simulations provide a mechanistic characterization of the S2 trimers opening, informing the design of tryptophan substitutions that impart kinetic and thermodynamic stabilization. Structural characterization via cryo-EM shows the molecular basis of S2 stabilization in the closed prefusion conformation. Informed by molecular simulations and corroborated by experiments, we report an engineered S2 immunogen that exhibits increased protein expression, superior thermostability, and preserved immunogenicity against sarbecoviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nuqui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shehata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acreman, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLellan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulation-Driven Design of Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Immunogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxycodone Self-Administration in Female Rats is Enhanced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, but not by Cannabidiol, in a Progressive Ratio Procedure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epidemiological evidence suggests that the legalization of cannabis may reduce opioid-related harms. Preclinical evidence of neuropharmacological interactions of endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems prompts further investigation of cannabinoids as potential therapeutics for the non-medical use of opioids. In these studies female rats, previously trained to self-administer oxycodone (0.15 mg/kg/infusion) intravenously in 6 h sessions, were allowed to self-administer oxycodone after exposure to cannabidiol (CBD) and {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by vapor inhalation and THC by injection (5.0-20 mg/kg, i.p.). Self-administration was characterized under Progressive Ratio (PR) and Fixed Ratio (FR) 1 schedules of reinforcement in 3 h sessions. THC decreased IVSA of oxycodone in a FR procedure but increased reward seeking in a PR procedure. CBD decreased the IVSA of oxycodone in the FR but not the PR procedure. The results are consistent with an anti-reward effect of CBD but suggest THC acts to increase the reinforcing efficacy of oxycodone in this procedure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxycodone Self-Administration in Female Rats is Enhanced by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, but not by Cannabidiol, in a Progressive Ratio Procedure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking of small and large variants across tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tandem repeats (TRs) are highly polymorphic in the human genome, have thousands of associated molecular traits, and are linked to over 60 disease phenotypes. However, their complexity often excludes them from at-scale studies due to challenges with variant calling, representation, and lack of a genome-wide standard. To promote TR methods development, we create a comprehensive catalog of TR regions and explore its properties across 86 samples. We then curate variants from the GIAB HG002 individual to create a tandem repeat benchmark. We also present a variant comparison method that handles small and large alleles and varying allelic representation. The 8.1% of the genome covered by the TR catalog holds [~]24.9% of variants per individual, including 124,728 small and 17,988 large variants for the GIAB HG002 TR benchmark. We work with the GIAB community to demonstrate the utility of this benchmark across short and long read technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolzhenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziaei-Jam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mckenzie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Coster, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaisson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zook, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking of small and large variants across tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Injury Knowledge Ontology (BIKO) for traumatic brain injury: Formalizing concepts and methods used in translational traumatic brain injury research. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the brain resulting from an external force and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. No effective clinical therapeutics currently exist for this injury. Although several therapies and procedures have been deemed successful for TBI treatment in preclinical research studies, they have yet to be translated into human patients. These discouraging results have left many scientists questioning the role of animal models in drug discovery for TBI.

One major hurdle in translating the knowledge obtained in the laboratory to the clinic is the methodological variance across these studies. This variance can hinder the ability to draw conclusions from conflicting studies and aggregate data across various research studies, which ultimately impedes the ability to aggregate data across these studies. Therefore, addressing this variance is crucial for bridging the gap between the laboratory and the clinic. The increasing volume of papers and associated data being published every day makes this hurdle even more difficult to overcome. The initial steps to address these knowledge gaps are identifying these studies and creating a shared knowledge framework for mapping their terminology. We are developing the Brain Injury Knowledge Ontology (BIKO) to create a standardized model to describe methods and outcome measures used within preclinical and clinical TBI therapy studies to facilitate comparison across studies and models. The first version of BIKO focuses on modeling the major preclinical TBI models, e.g., Controlled Cortical Impact Model, Fluid Percussion Model, and Weight-Drop Model), major neurological injuries related to these models and their relationship to clinical pathophysiology. We show how BIKO provides a machine-readable way to represent the methodologies used in TBI therapeutic studies to compare models across clinically relevant features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surles-Zeigler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sincomb, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imam, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Injury Knowledge Ontology (BIKO) for traumatic brain injury: Formalizing concepts and methods used in translational traumatic brain injury research.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Generation and Propagation of the Human Alpha Rhythm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe alpha rhythm (7-13 Hz) is the longest studied brain oscillation and has been theorized to play a key role in cognition. Still, substantial uncertainty remains over its physiology. In this study, we used micro and macro electrodes in patients undergoing surgery for epilepsy to measure the intracortical and thalamic generators of the human alpha rhythm. We first found that alpha propagates from higher-order anterosuperior cortex towards the lower-order occipital poles, consistent with alpha effecting top-down processing. This cortical alpha drives thalamic alpha, reversing prevailing theories of a thalamic alpha pacemaker. Finally, alpha is dominated by currents and firing in supragranular cortex, contravening the popular conception of alpha as an infragranular rhythm. Together, these results demonstrate that the alpha rhythm reflects short-range supragranular feedback which propagates from higher-order to lower order cortex and cortex to thalamus. These physiological insights explain how alpha could mediate feedback throughout the thalamocortical system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Halgren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastuji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak-McCully, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulbert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heit, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskandar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/202564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Generation and Propagation of the Human Alpha Rhythm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulating human sleep spindle MEG and EEG from ion channel and circuit level dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlthough they form a unitary phenomenon, the relationship between extracranial M/EEG and transmembrane ion flows is understood only as a general principle rather than as a well-articulated and quantified causal chain.nnMethodWe present an integrated multiscale model, consisting of a neural simulation of thalamus and cortex during stage N2 sleep and a biophysical model projecting cortical current densities to M/EEG fields. Sleep spindles were generated through the interactions of local and distant network connections and intrinsic currents within thalamocortical circuits. 32,652 cortical neurons were mapped onto the cortical surface reconstructed from subjects MRI, interconnected based on geodesic distances, and scaled-up to current dipole densities based on laminar recordings in humans. MRIs were used to generate a quasi-static electromagnetic model enabling simulated cortical activity to be projected to the M/EEG sensors.nnResultsThe simulated M/EEG spindles were similar in amplitude and topography to empirical examples in the same subjects. Simulated spindles with more core-dominant activity were more MEG weighted.nnComparison with Existing MethodsPrevious models lacked either spindle-generating thalamic neural dynamics or whole head biophysical modeling; the framework presented here is the first to simultaneously capture these disparate scales simultaneously.nnConclusionsThis multiscale model provides a platform for the principled quantitative integration of existing information relevant to the generation of sleep spindles, and allows the implications of future findings to be explored. It provides a proof of principle for a methodological framework allowing large-scale integrative brain oscillations to be understood in terms of their underlying channels and synapses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rulkov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/202606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulating human sleep spindle MEG and EEG from ion channel and circuit level dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alpha-band oscillations track the retrieval of precise spatial representations from long-term memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of episodic memory is the phenomenon of mentally re-experiencing the details of past events, and a well-established concept is that the neuronal activity that mediates encoding is reinstated at retrieval. Evidence for reinstatement has come from multiple modalities, including functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). These EEG studies have shed light on the time-course of reinstatement, but have been limited to distinguishing between a few categories and/or limited measures of memory strength. The goal of this work was to investigate whether recently developed experimental and technical approaches, namely an inverted encoding model applied to alpha oscillatory power in conjunction with sensitive tests of memory retrieval in a continuous space, can track and reconstruct memory retrieval of specific spatial locations. In Experiment 1, we establish that an inverted encoding model applied to multivariate alpha topography can track retrieval of precise spatial memories. In Experiment 2, we demonstrate that the pattern of multivariate alpha activity at study is similar to the pattern observed during retrieval. Finally, we observe that these encoding models predict memory retrieval behavior, including the accuracy and latency of recall. These findings highlight the broad potential for using encoding models to characterize long-term memory retrieval.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sutterer, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/207860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alpha-band oscillations track the retrieval of precise spatial representations from long-term memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification of autism recurrence risk by direct assessment of paternal sperm mosaicism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo genetic mutations represent a major contributor to pediatric disease, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), congenital heart disease, and muscular dystrophies1,2, but there are currently no methods to prevent or predict them. These mutations are classically thought to occur either at low levels in progenitor cells or at the time of fertilization1,3 and are often assigned a low risk of recurrence in siblings4,5. Here, we directly assess the presence of de novo mutations in paternal sperm and discover abundant, germline-restricted mosaicism. From a cohort of ASD cases, employing single molecule genotyping, we found that four out of 14 fathers were germline mosaic for a putatively causative mutation transmitted to the affected child. Three of these were enriched or exclusively present in sperm at high allelic fractions (AF; 7-15%); and one was recurrently transmitted to two additional affected children, representing clinically actionable information. Germline mosaicism was further assessed by deep (>90x) whole genome sequencing of four paternal sperm samples, which detected 12/355 transmitted de novo single nucleotide variants that were mosaic above 2% AF, and more than two dozen additional, non-transmitted mosaic variants in paternal sperm. Our results demonstrate that germline mosaicism is an underestimated phenomenon, which has important implications for clinical practice and in understanding the basis of human disease. Genetic analysis of sperm can assess individualized recurrence risk following the birth of a child with a de novo disease, as well as the risk in any male planning to have children.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, C. A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musaev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy-Venneri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knox, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sticca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/208165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification of autism recurrence risk by direct assessment of paternal sperm mosaicism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Id proteins suppress E2A-driven innate-like T cell development prior to TCR selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Id proteins have been shown to promote the differentiation of conventional {beta} and {gamma}{delta}T cells, and to suppress the expansion of invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells and innate-like {gamma}{delta}NKT within their respective cell lineages. However, it remains to be determined whether Id proteins regulate lineage specification in developing T cells that give rise to these distinct cell fates. Here we report that in the absence of Id2 and Id3 proteins, E2A prematurely activates genes critical for the iNKT cell lineage prior to TCR expression. Enhanced iNKT development in Id3-deficient mice lacking {gamma}{delta} NKT cells suggests that Id3 regulates the lineage competition between these populations. RNA-Seq analysis establishes E2A as the transcriptional regulator of both iNKT and {gamma}{delta}NKT development. In the absence of pre-TCR signaling, Id2/Id3 deletion gives rise to a large population of iNKT cells and a unique innate-like DP population, despite the block in conventional {beta} T cell development. The transcriptional profile of these unique DP cells reflects enrichment of innate-like signature genes, including PLZF (Zbtb16) and Granzyme A (Gzma). Results from these genetic models and genome-wide analyses suggest that Id proteins suppress E2A-driven innate-like T cell programs prior to TCR selection to enforce predominance of conventional T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajagopalan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/208728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Id proteins suppress E2A-driven innate-like T cell development prior to TCR selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence Transfer Learning for Neural Decoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental challenge in designing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) is decoding behavior from time-varying neural oscillations. in typical applications, decoders are constructed for individual subjects and with limited data leading to restrictions on the types of models that can be utilized. currently, the best performing decoders are typically linear models capable of utilizing rigid timing constraints with limited training data. Here we demonstrate the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to take advantage of the temporal information present in sequential neural data collected from subjects implanted with electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrode arrays performing a finger flexion task. our constructed models are capable of achieving accuracies that are comparable to existing techniques while also being robust to variation in sample data size. Moreover, we utilize the LSTM networks and an affine transformation layer to construct a novel architecture for transfer learning. We demonstrate that in scenarios where only the affine transform is learned for a new subject, it is possible to achieve results comparable to existing state-of-the-art techniques. The notable advantage is the increased stability of the model during training on novel subjects. Relaxing the constraint of only training the affine transformation, we establish our model as capable of exceeding performance of current models across all training data sizes. Overall, this work demonstrates that LSTMS are a versatile model that can accurately capture temporal patterns in neural data and can provide a foundation for transfer learning in neural decoding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elango, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence Transfer Learning for Neural Decoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contextual Regression: An Accurate and Conveniently Interpretable Nonlinear Model for Mining Discovery from Scientific Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, SVM and neural network have played an increasingly important role in the process of scientific discovery. However, none of them is both interpretable and accurate on nonlinear datasets. Here we present contextual regression, a method that joins these two desirable properties together using a hybrid architecture of neural network embedding and dot product layer. We demonstrate its high prediction accuracy and sensitivity through the task of predictive feature selection on a simulated dataset and the application of predicting open chromatin sites in the human genome. On the simulated data, our method achieved high fidelity recovery of feature contributions under random noise levels up to {+/-}200%. On the open chromatin dataset, the application of our method not only outperformed the state of the art method in terms of accuracy, but also unveiled two previously unfound open chromatin related histone marks. Our method fills in the gap of accurate and interpretable nonlinear modeling in scientific data mining tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contextual Regression: An Accurate and Conveniently Interpretable Nonlinear Model for Mining Discovery from Scientific Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/211532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative proteomic analysis of auxin signaling during seedling development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/211532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin induces rapid gene expression changes throughout plant development. How these transcriptional responses relate to changes in protein abundance is not well characterized. We have identified auxin regulated proteins in whole seedlings, roots and hypocotyls and at three different time points (30 min, 120 min and 3 hours) using an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) based quantitative proteomics approach. These profiling experiments detected 4,701 proteins from seedling tissue, 6,740 proteins from root tissue and 3,925 proteins from hypocotyl tissue. Comparisons between the differentially expressed proteins data sets showed little overlap, suggesting that auxin proteomes exhibit both temporal and spatial specificity. Numerous proteins showed significant changes in abundance following auxin treatment independent of changes in cognate transcript abundance. This includes several well characterized proteins with various roles in auxin pathways, suggesting that complex gene regulation mechanisms follow auxin signaling events. Specifically, regulation of translation may play a role as inferred from MapMan categorization analyses and protein interaction networks comprised of auxin regulated proteins. Additionally, functional categorization of auxin regulated proteins indicates rapid and complex metabolic changes occur in both roots and hypocotyls in response to auxin which are not apparent from transcriptome analyses. Altogether these data describe novel auxin-regulated proteomes and are an excellent resource for identifying new downstream signaling components related to auxin-mediated plant growth and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walley, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/211532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative proteomic analysis of auxin signaling during seedling development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/212449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Processive movement of actin by biased polymerization: a new paradigm of axonal transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/212449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classic pulse-chase studies have shown that actin is conveyed in slow axonal transport, but the mechanistic basis for this movement is unknown. Recently, we reported that axonal actin was surprisingly dynamic, with focal assembly/dis-assembly events ("hotspots") and elongating polymers along the axon-shaft ("trails"). Using a combination of live imaging, super-resolution microscopy, and modeling, here we explore how these axonal actin dynamics can lead to processive transport. We found abundant actin nucleation, along with a slow, anterogradely-biased flow of actin in axon-shafts. Starting with first principles of monomer/filament assembly - and incorporating imaging data - we generated a quantitative model simulating axonal hotspots and trails. Our simulations predict that the axonal actin dynamics indeed lead to an anterogradely-biased flow of the population, at rates consistent with slow transport. Collectively, the data point to a surprising scenario where local assembly and biased polymerization generate the slow axonal transport of actin. This mechanism is distinct from polymer-sliding, and seems well suited to convey highly dynamic cytoskeletal cargoes.nnAcknowledgementsThis work was supported by an NIH grant to SR (R01NS075233). The authors thank Stephanie Gupton (UNC) for the Mena/Vasp constructs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakrabarty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leterrier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/212449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Processive movement of actin by biased polymerization: a new paradigm of axonal transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/212639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-Site Comparison of Ribosomal Depletion Kits for Illumina RNAseq Library Construction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/212639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) comprises at least 90% of total RNA extracted from mammalian tissue or cell line samples. Informative transcriptional profiling using massively parallel sequencing technologies requires either enrichment of mature poly-adenylated transcripts or targeted depletion of the rRNA fraction. The latter method is of particular interest because it is compatible with degraded samples such as those extracted from FFPE and also captures transcripts that are not poly-adenylated such as some non-coding RNAs. Here we provide a cross-site study that evaluates the performance of ribosomal RNA removal kits from Illumina, Takara/Clontech, Kapa Biosystems, Lexogen, New England Biolabs and Qiagen on intact and degraded RNA samples. We find that all of the kits are capable of performing significant ribosomal depletion, though there are differences in their ease of use. All kits were able to remove ribosomal RNA to below 20% with intact RNA and identify [~]14,000 protein coding genes from the Universal Human Reference RNA sample at >1FPKM. Analysis of differentially detected genes between kits suggests that transcript length may be a key factor in library production efficiency. These results provide a roadmap for labs on the strengths of each of these methods and how best to utilize them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herbert, Z. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kershner, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butty, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thimmapuram, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseyev, Y. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podnar, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilcox, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gipson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillaspy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BonDurant, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkeley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeClerc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommerville, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimmett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/212639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-Site Comparison of Ribosomal Depletion Kits for Illumina RNAseq Library Construction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective Recruitment of Cortical Neurons by Electrical Stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its critical importance in experimental and clinical neuroscience, at present there is no systematic method to predict which neural elements will be activated by a given stimulation regime. Here we develop a novel approach to model the effect of cortical stimulation on spiking probability of neurons in a volume of tissue, by applying an analytical estimate of stimulation-induced activation of different cell types across cortical layers. We utilize the morphology and properties of axonal arborization profiles obtained from publicly available anatomical reconstructions of the twelve main categories of neocortical neurons to derive the dependence of activation probability on cell type, layer and distance from the source. We then propagate this activity through the local network incorporating connectivity, synaptic and cellular properties. Our work predicts that (a) intracranial cortical stimulation induces selective activation across cell types and layers; (b) superficial anodal stimulation is more effective than cathodal at cell activation; (c) cortical surface stimulation focally activates layer I axons, and (d) an optimal stimulation intensity exists capable of eliciting cell activation lasting beyond the end of stimulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Komarov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malerba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/213017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective Recruitment of Cortical Neurons by Electrical Stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A linear-time algorithm to sample the dual-birth model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/226423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to sample models of tree evolution is essential in the analysis and interpretation of phylogenetic trees. The dual-birth model is an extension of the traditional birth-only model and allows for sampling trees of varying degrees of balance. However, for a tree with n leaves, the tree sampling algorithm proposed in the original paper is [O](n log n). I propose an algorithm to sample trees under the dual-birth model in [O](n), and I provide a fast C++ implementation of the proposed algorithm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/226423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A linear-time algorithm to sample the dual-birth model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catalytic potential and disturbance rejection of glycolytic kinases in the human red blood cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The allosteric regulation of metabolic enzymes plays a key role in controlling the flux through metabolic pathways. The activity of such enzymes is traditionally described by allosteric rate laws in complex kinetic models of metabolic network function. As an alternative, we describe the fraction of the regulated enzyme that is in an active form by developing a detailed reaction network of all known ligand binding events to the enzyme. This fraction is the fundamental result of metabolic regulation as it represents the "tug of war" among the various regulators and substrates that determine the utilization of the enzyme. The active fraction corresponds to the utilization of the catalytic potential of the enzyme. Using well developed kinetic models of human red blood cell (RBC) glycolysis, we characterize the catalytic potential of its three key kinases: hexokinase (HEX), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PYK). We then compute their time-dependent interacting catalytic potentials. We show how detailed kinetic models of the management of the catalytic potential of the three kinases elucidates disturbance rejection capabilities of glycolysis. Further, we examine the sensitivity of the catalytic potential through an examination of existing personalized RBC models, providing a physiologically-meaningful sampling of the feasible parameter space. The graphical representation of the dynamic interactions of the individual kinase catalytic potential adjustment provides an easy way to understand how a robust homeostatic state is maintained through interacting allosteric regulatory mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcantar, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/227058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catalytic potential and disturbance rejection of glycolytic kinases in the human red blood cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RIFRAF: a frame-resolving consensus algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationProtein coding genes can be studied using long-read next generation sequencing. However, high rates of indel sequencing errors are problematic, corrupting the reading frame. Even the consensus of multiple independent sequence reads retains indel errors. To solve this problem, we introduce RIFRAF, a sequence consensus algorithm that takes a set of error-prone reads and a reference sequence and infers an accurate in-frame consensus. RIFRAF uses a novel structure, analogous to a two-layer hidden Markov model: the consensus is optimized to maximize alignment scores with both the set of noisy reads and with a reference. The template-to-reads component of the model encodes the preponderance of indels, and is sensitive to the per-base quality scores, giving greater weight to more accurate bases. The reference-to-template component of the model penalizes frame-destroying indels. A local search algorithm proceeds in stages to find the best consensus sequence for both objectives.nnResultsUsing Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequences of NL4-3 env, we compare our approach to other consensus and frame correction methods. RIFRAF consistently finds a consensus sequence that is more accurate and in-frame, especially with small numbers of reads. It was able to perfectly reconstruct over 80% of consensus sequences from as few as three reads, whereas the best alternative required twice as many. RIFRAF is able to achieve these results and keep the consensus in-frame even with a distantly related reference sequence. Moreover, unlike other frame correction methods, RIFRAF can detect and keep true indels while removing erroneous ones.nnAvailabilityRIFRAF is implemented in Julia, and source code is publicly available at https://github.com/MurrellGroup/Rifraf.jlnnContactbmurrell@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/227520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RIFRAF: a frame-resolving consensus algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scale model of the proteomic and metabolic consequences of reactive oxygen species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catalysis using iron-sulfur clusters and transition metals can be traced back to the last universal common ancestor. The damage to metalloproteins caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can completely inhibit cell growth when unmanaged and thus elicits an essential stress response that is universal and fundamental in biology. We develop a computable multi-scale description of the ROS stress response in Escherichia coli. We show that this quantitative framework allows for the understanding and prediction of ROS stress responses at three levels: 1) pathways: amino acid auxotrophies, 2) networks: the systemic response to ROS stress, and 3) genetic basis: adaptation to ROS stress during laboratory evolution. These results show that we can now develop fundamental and quantitative genotype-phenotype relationships for stress responses on a genome-wide basis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broddrick, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/227892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scale model of the proteomic and metabolic consequences of reactive oxygen species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assembly-free and alignment-free sample identification using genome skims 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to quickly and inexpensively describe taxonomic diversity is critical in this era of rapid climate and biodiversity changes. The currently preferred molecular technique, barcoding, has been very successful, but is based on short organelle markers. Recently, an alternative genome-skimming approach has been proposed: low-pass sequencing (100Mb - several Gb per sample) is applied to voucher and/or query samples, and marker genes and/or organelle genomes are recovered computationally. The current practice of genome-skimming discards the vast majority of the data because the low coverage of genome-skims prevents assembling the nuclear genomes. In contrast, we suggest using all unassembled reads directly, but existing methods poorly support this goal. We introduce a new alignment-free tool, Skmer, to estimate genomic distances between the query and each reference genome-skim using the k-mer decomposition of reads. We test Skmer on a large set of insect and bird genomes, sub-sampled to create genome-skims. Skmer shows great accuracy in estimating genomic distances, identifying the closest match in a reference dataset, and inferring the phylogeny. The software is publicly available on https://github.com/shahab-sarmashghi/Skmer.git
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarmashghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohmann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, M. T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assembly-free and alignment-free sample identification using genome skims]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Full-Length Envelope Analyzer (FLEA): A tool for longitudinal analysis of viral amplicons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Next generation sequencing of viral populations has advanced our understanding of viral population dynamics, the development of drug resistance, and escape from host immune responses. Many applications require complete gene sequences, which can be impossible to reconstruct from short reads. HIV-1 env, the protein of interest for HIV vaccine studies, is exceptionally challenging for long-read sequencing and analysis due to its length, high substitution rate, and extensive indel variation. While long-read sequencing is attractive in this setting, the analysis of such data is not well handled by existing methods. To address this, we introduce FLEA (Full-Length Envelope Analyzer), which performs end-to-end analysis and visualization of long-read sequencing data.nnFLEA consists of both a pipeline (optionally run on a high-performance cluster), and a client-side web application that provides interactive results. The pipeline transforms FASTQ reads into high-quality consensus sequences (HQCSs) and uses them to build a codon-aware multiple sequence alignment. The resulting alignment is then used to infer phylogenies, selection pressure, and evolutionary dynamics. The web application provides publication-quality plots and interactive visualizations, including an annotated viral alignment browser, time series plots of evolutionary dynamics, visualizations of gene-wide selective pressures (such as dN /dS) across time and across protein structure, and a phylogenetic tree browser.nnWe demonstrate how FLEA may be used to process Pacific Biosciences HIV-1 env data and describe recent examples of its use. Simulations show how FLEA dramatically reduces the error rate of this sequencing platform, providing an accurate portrait of complex and variable HIV-1 env populations.nnA public instance of FLEA is hosted at http://flea.datamonkey.org. The Python source code for the FLEA pipeline can be found at https://github.com/veg/flea-pipeline. The client-side application is available at https://github.com/veg/flea-web-app. A live demo of the P018 results can be found at http://flea.murrell.group/view/P018.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketteringham, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird Smith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosakovsky Pond, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Full-Length Envelope Analyzer (FLEA): A tool for longitudinal analysis of viral amplicons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated analysis of anatomical and electrophysiological human intracranial data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The exquisite spatiotemporal precision of human intracranial EEG recordings (iEEG) permits characterizing neural processing with a level of detail that is inaccessible to scalp-EEG, MEG, or fMRI. However, the same qualities that make iEEG an exceptionally powerful tool also present unique challenges. Until now, the fusion of anatomical data (MRI and CT images) with the electrophysiological data and its subsequent analysis has relied on technologically and conceptually challenging combinations of software. Here, we describe a comprehensive protocol that addresses the complexities associated with human iEEG, providing complete transparency and flexibility in the evolution of raw data into illustrative representations. The protocol is directly integrated with an open source toolbox for electrophysiological data analysis (FieldTrip). This allows iEEG researchers to build on a continuously growing body of scriptable and reproducible analysis methods that, over the past decade, have been developed and employed by a large research community. We demonstrate the protocol for an example complex iEEG data set to provide an intuitive and rapid approach to dealing with both neuroanatomical information and large electrophysiological data sets. We explain how the protocol can be largely automated, taking under an hour to complete, and readily adjusted to iEEG data sets with other characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stolk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meij, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dewar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piantoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoffelen, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oostenveld, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated analysis of anatomical and electrophysiological human intracranial data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome wide association study of behavioral, physiological and gene expression traits in a multigenerational mouse intercross 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The LG/J x SM/J advanced intercross line of mice (LG x SM AIL) is a multigenerational outbred population. High minor allele frequencies, a simple genetic background, and the fully sequenced LG and SM genomes make it a powerful population for genome-wide association studies. Here we use 1,063 AIL mice to identify 126 significant associations for 50 traits relevant to human health and disease. We also identify thousands of cis- and trans-eQTLs in the hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex of [~]200 mice. We replicate an association between locomotor activity and Csmd1, which we identified in an earlier generation of this AIL, and show that Csmd1 mutant mice recapitulate the locomotor phenotype. Our results demonstrate the utility of the LG x SM AIL as a mapping population, identify numerous novel associations, and shed light on the genetic architecture of mammalian behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Cordero, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Distler, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canzar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lionikas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome wide association study of behavioral, physiological and gene expression traits in a multigenerational mouse intercross]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Study of the mitotic chromatin shows involvement of histone modifications in bookmarking and reveals nucleosome deposition patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitosis encompasses key molecular changes including chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, and reduced transcription levels. Immediately after mitosis, the interphase chromatin structure is reestablished and transcription resumes. The reestablishment of the interphase chromatin is probably achieved by  bookmarking, i.e., the retention of at least partial information during mitosis. Yet, while recent studies demonstrate that chromatin accessibility is generally preserved during mitosis and is only locally modulated, the exact details of the bookmarking process and its components are still unclear. To gain a deeper understanding of the mitotic bookmarking process, we merged proteomics, immunofluorescence, and ChIP-seq approaches to study the mitotic and interphase genomic organization of human cells. We focused on key histone modifications and employed HeLa-S3 cells as a model system. Generally, we observed a global concordance between the genomic organization of histone modifications in interphase and mitosis, yet the abundance of the two types of modifications we investigated was different. Whereas histone methylation patterns remain highly similar, histone acetylation patterns show a general reduction while maintaining their genomic organization. These results demonstrate that the epigenomic landscape can serve as a major component of the mitotic bookmarking process. Next, to further investigate mitosis-associated chromatin changes, we followed up on previous studies that showed that nucleosome depleted regions (NDRs) become occupied by a nucleosome during mitosis. Surprisingly, we observed that the nucleosome introduced into the NDR during mitosis encompasses a distinctive set of histone modifications, differentiating it from the surrounding nucleosomes. We show that the nucleosomes near the NDR appear to both shift into the NDR during mitosis and adopt a unique modification pattern. HDAC inhibition by the small molecule TSA reverts this pattern. These results provide evidence for a mitotic deposition and change in the modifications of the nucleosomes surrounding the NDR. Altogether, by merging multiple approaches, our study provides evidence to support a model where mitotic bookmarking is achieved by histone modifications and uncovers new insights into the deposition of nucleosomes during mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Javasky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamir, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffe, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/233056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Study of the mitotic chromatin shows involvement of histone modifications in bookmarking and reveals nucleosome deposition patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative: Overview and Methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenetic factors contribute to anorexia nervosa (AN); and the first genome-wide significant locus has been identified. We describe methods and procedures for the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI), an international collaboration designed to rapidly recruit 13000 individuals with AN as well as ancestrally matched controls. We present sample characteristics and the utility of an online eating disorder diagnostic questionnaire suitable for large-scale genetic and population research.nnMethodsANGI recruited from the United States (US), Australia/New Zealand (ANZ), Sweden (SE), and Denmark (DK). Recruitment was via national registers (SE, DK); treatment centers (US, ANZ, SE, DK); and social and traditional media (US, ANZ, SE). All cases had a lifetime AN diagnosis based on DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria (excluding amenorrhea). Recruited controls had no lifetime history of disordered eating behaviors. To assess the positive and negative predictive validity of the online eating disorder questionnaire (ED100K-v1), 109 women also completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Module H.nnResultsBlood samples and clinical information were collected from 13,364 individuals with lifetime AN and from controls. Online diagnostic phenotyping was effective and efficient; the validity of the questionnaire was acceptable.nnConclusionsOur multipronged recruitment approach was highly effective for rapid recruitment and can be used as a model for efforts by other groups. High online presence of individuals with AN rendered the Internet/social media a remarkably effective recruitment tool in some countries. ANGI has substantially augmented Psychiatric Genomics Consortium AN sample collection. ANGI is a registered clinical trial: clinicaltrials.gov NCT01916538; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01916538?cond=Anorexia+Nervosa&draw=1&rank=3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thornton, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munn-Chernoff, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jureus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henders, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirk, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppa, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteman, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergen, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halmi, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strober, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodside, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwood, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boden, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattheisen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birgegard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenstein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norring, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/234013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative: Overview and Methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bivariate Gaussian Mixture Model of GWAS (BGMG)quantifies polygenic overlap between complex traitsbeyond genetic correlation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulating evidence from genome wide association studies (GWAS) suggests an abundance of shared genetic influences among complex human traits and disorders, such as mental disorders. While current cross-trait analytical methods focus on genetic correlation between traits, we developed a novel statistical tool (MiXeR), which quantifies polygenic overlap independent of genetic correlation, using summary statistics from GWAS. MiXeR results can be presented as a Venn diagram of unique and shared polygenic components across traits. At 90% of SNP-heritability explained for each phenotype, MiXeR estimates that more than 9K variants causally influence schizophrenia, 7K influence bipolar disorder, and out of those variants 6.9K are shared between these two disorders, which have high genetic correlation. Further, MiXeR uncovers extensive polygenic overlap between schizophrenia and educational attainment. Despite a genetic correlation close to zero, these traits share more than 9K causal variants, while 3K additional variants only influence educational attainment. By considering the polygenicity, heritability and discoverability of complex phenotypes, MiXeR provides a more complete quantification of shared genetic architecture than offered by other available tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witoelar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/240275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bivariate Gaussian Mixture Model of GWAS (BGMG)quantifies polygenic overlap between complex traitsbeyond genetic correlation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/241000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IMPROVEMENTS TO BAYESIAN GENE ACTIVITY STATE ESTIMATION FROM GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTOMICS DATA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/241000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important question in many biological applications, is to estimate or classify gene activity states (active or inactive) based on genome-wide transcriptomics data. Recently, we proposed a Bayesian method, titled MultiMM, which showed superior results compared to existing methods. In short, MultiMM performed better than existing methods on both simulated and real gene expression data, confirming well-known biological results and yielding better agreement with fluxomics data. Despite these promising results, MultiMM has numerous limitations. First, MultiMM leverages co-regulatory models to improve activity state estimates, but information about co-regulation is incorporated in a manner that assumes that networks are known with certainty. Second, MultiMM assumes that genes that change states in the dataset can be distinguished with certainty from those that remain in one state. Third, the model can be sensitive to extreme measures (outliers) of gene expression. In this manuscript, we propose a modified Bayesian approach, which addresses these three limitations by improving outlier handling and by explicitly modeling network and other uncertainty yielding improved gene activity state estimates when compared to MultiMM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Disselkoen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hekman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeJongh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Best, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tintle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/241000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IMPROVEMENTS TO BAYESIAN GENE ACTIVITY STATE ESTIMATION FROM GENOME-WIDE TRANSCRIPTOMICS DATA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/242495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral gain-of-function experiments uncover residues under diversifying selection in nature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/242495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral gain-of-function mutations are commonly observed in the laboratory; however, it is unknown whether those mutations also evolve in nature. We identify two key residues in the host recognition protein of bacteriophage {lambda} that are necessary to exploit a new receptor; both residues repeatedly evolved among homologs from environmental samples. Our results provide evidence for widespread host-shift evolution in nature and a proof of concept for integrating experiments with genomic epidemiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maddamsetti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spielman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrie, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/242495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral gain-of-function experiments uncover residues under diversifying selection in nature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/247148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assembly of Long Error-Prone Reads Using Repeat Graphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/247148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The problem of genome assembly is ultimately linked to the problem of the characterization of all repeat families in a genome as a repeat graph. The key reason the de Bruijn graph emerged as a popular short read assembly approach is because it offered an elegant representation of all repeats in a genome that reveals their mosaic structure. However, most algorithms for assembling long error-prone reads use an alternative overlap-layout-consensus (OLC) approach that does not provide a repeat characterization. We present the Flye algorithm for constructing the A-Bruijn (assembly) graph from long error-prone reads, that, in contrast to the k-mer-based de Bruijn graph, assembles genomes using an alignment-based A-Bruijn graph. In difference from existing assemblers, Flye does not attempt to construct accurate contigs (at least at the initial assembly stage) but instead simply generates arbitrary paths in the (unknown) assembly graph and further constructs an assembly graph from these paths. Counter-intuitively, this fast but seemingly reckless approach results in the same graph as the assembly graph constructed from accurate contigs. Flye constructs (overlapping) contigs with possible assembly errors at the initial stage, combines them into an accurate assembly graph, resolves repeats in the assembly graph using small variations between various repeat instances that were left unresolved during the initial assembly stage, constructs a new, less tangled assembly graph based on resolved repeats, and finally outputs accurate contigs as paths in this graph. We benchmark Flye against several state-of-the-art Single Molecule Sequencing assemblers and demonstrate that it generates better or comparable assemblies for all analyzed datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kolmogorov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/247148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assembly of Long Error-Prone Reads Using Repeat Graphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/252726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing concentration-dependent neural dynamics of 4-aminopyridine-induced epileptiform activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/252726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epilepsy remains one of the most common neurological disorders. In patients, it is characterized by unprovoked, spontaneous, and recurring seizures or ictal events. Typically, inter-ictal events or large bouts of population level activity can be measured between seizures and are generally asymptomatic. Decades of research has focused on understanding the mechanisms leading to the development of seizure-like activity using various proconvulsive pharmacological agents, including 4-aimnopyridine (4AP). However, the lack of consistency in the concentrations used for studying 4AP-induced epileptiform activity in animal models may give rise to differences in the results and interpretation thereof. Indeed, the range of 4AP concentration in both in vivo and in vitro studies varies from 3M to 40mM. Here, we explored the effects of various 4AP concentrations on the development and characteristics of hippocampal epileptiform activity in acute mouse brain slices of either sex. Using multielectrode array recordings, we show that 4AP induces hippocampal epileptiform activity for broad range of concentrations. The frequency component and the spatio-temporal patterns of the epileptiform activity revealed a dose-dependent response. Finally, in the presence of 4AP, reduction of KCC2 co-transporter activity by KCC2 antagonist VU0240551 prevented the manifestation of the frequency component differences between different concentrations of 4AP. Overall, the study predicts that different concentrations of 4AP can result in the different mechanisms behind hippocampal epileptiform activity, of which some are dependent on the KCC2 co-transporter function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Myers, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/252726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing concentration-dependent neural dynamics of 4-aminopyridine-induced epileptiform activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond synthetic lethality: multiple gene interaction types play a key functional role in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phenotypic effect of perturbing a genes activity depends on the activity level of other genes, reflecting the notion that phenotypes are emergent properties of a network of functionally interacting genes. In the context of cancer, contemporary investigations have primarily focused on just one type of functional genetic interaction (GI) - synthetic lethality (SL). However, there may be additional types of GIs whose systematic identification would enrich the molecular and functional characterization of cancer. Here, we describe a novel data-driven approach called EnGIne, that applied to TCGA data identifies 71,946 GIs spanning 12 distinct types, only a small minority of which are SLs. The detected GIs explain cancer driver genes tissue-specificity and differences in patients response to drugs, and stratify breast cancer tumors into refined subtypes. These results expand the scope of cancer GIs and lay a conceptual and computational basis for future studies of additional types of GIs and their translational applications. The GI network is accessible online via a web portal [https://amagen.shinyapps.io/cancerapp/].
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sang Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharmin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lugo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannenhalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/253120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond synthetic lethality: multiple gene interaction types play a key functional role in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific impact of prenatal androgens on intrinsic functional connectivity between social brain default mode subsystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many early-onset neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism affect males more frequently than females and affect corresponding domains such as social cognition, social-communication, language, emotion, and reward. Testosterone is well-known for its role as a sex-related biological mechanism and affects these conditions and domains of functioning. Developmentally, testosterone may sex-differentially impact early fetal brain development by influencing early neuronal development and synaptic mechanisms behind cortical circuit formation, particularly for circuits that later develop specialized roles in such cognitive domains. Here we find that variation in fetal testosterone (FT) exerts sex-specific effects on later adolescent functional connectivity between social brain default mode network (DMN) subsystems. Increased FT is associated with dampening of functional connectivity between DMN subsystems in adolescent males, but has no effect in females. To isolate specific prenatal neurobiological mechanisms behind this effect, we examined changes in gene expression identified following a treatment with a potent androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in an in-vitro model of human neural stem cell (hNSC). We previously showed that DHT-dysregulates genes enriched with known syndromic causes for autism and intellectual disability. DHT dysregulates genes in hNSCs involved in early neurodevelopmental processes such as neurogenesis, cell differentiation, regionalization, and pattern specification. A significant number of these DHT-dysregulated genes shows spatial expression patterns in the adult brain that highly correspond to the spatial layout of the cortical midline DMN subsystem. These DMN-related and DHT-affected genes (e.g., MEF2C) are involved in a number of synaptic processes, many of which impact excitation/inhibition imbalance. Focusing on MEF2C, we find replicable upregulation of expression after DHT treatment as well as dysregulated expression in induced pluripotent stem cells and neurons of individuals with autism. This work highlights sex-specific prenatal androgen influence on social brain DMN circuitry and autism-related mechanisms and suggests that such influence may impact early neurodevelopmental processes (e.g., neurogenesis, cell differentiation) and later developing synaptic processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lombardo, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auyeung, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramparo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quartier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courraud, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruigrok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bullmore, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandel, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron-Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/253310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific impact of prenatal androgens on intrinsic functional connectivity between social brain default mode subsystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/254854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide selection scans integrated with association mapping reveal mechanisms of physiological adaptation across a salinity gradient in killifish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/254854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive divergence between marine and freshwater environments is important in generating phyletic diversity within fishes, but the genetic basis of adaptation to freshwater habitats remains poorly understood. Available approaches to detect adaptive loci include genome scans for selection, but these can be difficult to interpret because of incomplete knowledge of the connection between genotype and phenotype. In contrast, genome wide association studies (GWAS) are powerful tools for linking genotype to phenotype, but offer limited insight into the evolutionary forces shaping variation. Here, we combine GWAS and selection scans to identify loci important in the adaptation of complex physiological traits to freshwater environments. We focused on freshwater (FW)-native and brackish water (BW)-native populations of the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) as well as a population that is a natural admixture of these two populations. We measured phenotypes for multiple physiological traits that differ between populations and that may contribute to adaptation across osmotic niches (salinity tolerance, hypoxia tolerance, metabolic rate, and body shape) and used a reduced representation approach for genome-wide genotyping. Our results show patterns of population divergence in physiological capabilities that are consistent with local adaptation. Selection scans between BW-native and FW-native populations identified genomic regions that presumably aect fitness between BW and FW environments, while GWAS revealed loci that contribute to variation for each physiological trait. There was substantial overlap in the genomic regions putatively under selection and loci associated with the measured physiological traits, suggesting that these phenotypes are important for adaptive divergence between BW and FW environments. Our analysis also implicates candidate genes likely involved in physiological capabilities, some of which validate a priori hypotheses. Together, these data provide insight into the mechanisms that enable diversification of fishes across osmotic boundaries.nnAuthor SummaryIdentifying the genes that underlie adaptation is important for understanding the evolutionary process, but this is technically challenging. We bring multiple lines of evidence to bear for identifying genes that underlie adaptive divergence. Specifically, we integrate genotype-phenotype association mapping with genome-wide scans for signatures of natural selection to reveal genes that underlie phenotypic variation and that are adaptive in populations of killifish that are diverging between marine and freshwater environments. Because adaptation is likely manifest in multiple physiological traits, we focus on hypoxia tolerance, salinity tolerance, and metabolic rate; traits that are divergent between marine and freshwater populations. We show that each of these phenotypes is evolving by natural selection between environments; genetic variants that contribute to variation in these physiological traits tend to be evolving by natural selection between marine and freshwater populations. Furthermore, one of our top candidate genes provides a mechanistic explanation for previous hypotheses that suggest the adaptive importance of cellular tight junctions. Together, these data demonstrate a powerful approach to identify genes involved in adaptation and help to reveal the mechanisms enabling transitions of fishes across osmotic boundaries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brennan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Healy, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulte, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitehead, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/254854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide selection scans integrated with association mapping reveal mechanisms of physiological adaptation across a salinity gradient in killifish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social behavior and anxiety contribute to nicotine self-administration in adolescent outbred rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both emotional and social traits interact with genetic factors to influence smoking behavior. We previously established a socially acquired nicotine intravenous self-administration model where social learning of a nicotine-associated odor cue reversed conditioned flavor aversion and promoted nicotine intake. In this study, we first phenotyped ~ 800 adolescent heterogeneous stock rats in open field, novel object interaction, social interaction, elevated plus maze, and marble bury behaviors. These rats were then phenotyped on socially acquired nicotine self-administration. We found 243 significant correlations between different behavioral tests. Principal component regression analysis found that ~ 10-20% of the variance in nicotine-related measures, such as intake during the first or the last three fixed-ratio sessions, the progressive ratio session, and reinstatement behavior, can be explained by variations in behavioral traits. Factors corresponding to social behavior and anxiety were among the strongest predictors of nicotine intake and reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior. We also found many sex differences in behavioral measures. These data indicated that the genetic diversity of this population, in combination with social behavior and anxiety, are significant contributors to the divergent nicotine self-administration behavior and indicated a high probability of discovering sex-specific genetic mechanisms for nicotine intake in future genome-wide association studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/257097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social behavior and anxiety contribute to nicotine self-administration in adolescent outbred rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci associated with AD and characterize the relationship between AD and other psychiatric and behavioral outcomes, we carried out the largest GWAS to date of DSM - IV diagnosed AD. Genome - wide data on 14,904 individuals with AD and 37,944 controls from 28 case / control and family - based studies were meta - analyzed, stratified by genetic ancestry (European, N = 46,568; African; N = 6,280). Independent, genome - wide significant effects of different ADH1B variants were identified in European (rs1229984; p = 9.8E - 13) and African ancestries (rs2066702; p = 2.2E - 9). Significant genetic correlations were observed with schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, and use of cigarettes and cannabis. There was only modest genetic correlation with alcohol consumption and inconsistent associations with problem drinking. The genetic underpinnings of AD only partially overlap with those for alcohol consumption, underscoring the genetic distinction between pathological and non - pathological drinking behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacanu, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batzler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biernacka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigdeli, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degenhardt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Docherty, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giegling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hack, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>-,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartz, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heilmann-Heimbach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herms, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgkinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hottenga, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alanne-Kinnunen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konte, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahti-Pulkkinen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ligthart, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loukola, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbarek, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQueen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milaneschi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palviainen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/257311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trans-ancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/258194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of Zip2:Spo16, a conserved XPF:ERCC1-like complex critical for meiotic crossover formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/258194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotic meiosis, generation of haploid gametes depends on the formation of inter-homolog crossovers, which enable the pairing, physical linkage, and eventual segregation of homologs in the meiosis I division. A class of conserved meiosis-specific proteins, collectively termed ZMMs, are required for formation and spatial control of crossovers throughout eukaryotes. Here, we show that three S. cerevisiae ZMM proteins - Zip2, Zip4, and Spo16 - interact with one another and form a DNA-binding complex critical for crossover formation and control. We determined the crystal structure of a Zip2:Spo16 subcomplex, revealing a heterodimer structurally related to the XPF:ERCC1 endonuclease complex. Zip2:Spo16 lacks an endonuclease active site, but binds specific DNA structures found in early meiotic recombination intermediates. Mutations in multiple DNA-binding surfaces on the Zip2:Spo16 complex severely compromise DNA binding, supporting a model in which the complexs central and HhH domains cooperate to bind DNA. Overall, our data support a model in which the Zip2:Zip4:Spo16 complex binds and stabilizes early meiotic recombination intermediates, then coordinates additional factors to promote crossover formation and license downstream events including synaptonemal complex assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arora, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/258194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of Zip2:Spo16, a conserved XPF:ERCC1-like complex critical for meiotic crossover formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local Cortical Activity Of Distant Brain Areas Can Time-Lock To The Respiratory Rhythm In The Freely Behaving Rat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important unresolved question about neural processing is the mechanism by which distant brain areas coordinate their activities and relate their local processing to global neural events. A potential candidate for the local-global integration are slow rhythms such as respiration, which is also linked to sensory exploration. In this article, we asked if there are modulations of local cortical processing which are time-locked to (peripheral) sensory-motor exploratory rhythms. We studied rats freely behaving on an elevated platform where they would display exploratory and rest behaviors. Concurrent with behavior, we monitored orofacial sampling rhythms (whisking and sniffing) and local field potentials (LFP) from olfactory bulb, dorsal hippocampus, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex and primary visual cortex. We defined exploration as simultaneous whisking and sniffing above 5 Hz and found that this activity peaked at about 8 Hz. We considered rest as the absence of whisking and sniffing, and in this case, mean respiration occurred at about 3 Hz. We found a consistent shift across all areas toward these rhythm peaks accompanying behavioral state changes. We also found, across areas, that LFP gamma (70-100 Hz) amplitude could phase-lock to the animals respiratory rhythm, a finding indicative of respiration-locked changes in local processing. The respiratory rhythm, although occurring at the same frequencies of hippocampal theta, was not spectrally coherent with it, implying a different oscillator. Our results are consistent with the notion of respiration as a binder or integrator of activity between distant brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rojas-Libano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wimmer del Solar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montefusco-Siegmund, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local Cortical Activity Of Distant Brain Areas Can Time-Lock To The Respiratory Rhythm In The Freely Behaving Rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/260786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Theta bursts precede, and spindles follow, cortical and thalamic downstates in human NREM sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/260786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractSince their discovery, slow oscillations have been observed to group spindles during non-REM sleep. Previous studies assert that the slow oscillation downstate (DS) is preceded by slow spindles (10-12Hz), and followed by fast spindles (12-16Hz). Here, using both direct transcortical recordings in patients with intractable epilepsy (n=10, 8 female), as well as scalp EEG recordings from a healthy cohort (n=3, 1 female), we find in multiple cortical areas that both slow and fast spindles follow the DS. Although discrete oscillations do precede DSs, they are theta bursts (TB) centered at 5-8Hz. TBs were more pronounced for DSs in NREM stage N2 compared with N3. TB with similar properties occur in the thalamus, but unlike spindles they have no clear temporal relationship with cortical TB. These differences in corticothalamic dynamics, as well as differences between spindles and theta in coupling high frequency content, are consistent with NREM theta having separate generative mechanisms from spindles. The final inhibitory cycle of the TB coincides with the DS peak, suggesting that in N2, TB may help trigger the DS. Since the transition to N1 is marked by the appearance of theta, and the transition to N2 by the appearance of DS and thus spindles, a role of TB in triggering DS could help explain the sequence of electrophysiological events characterizing sleep. Finally, the coordinated appearance of spindles and DSs are implicated in memory consolidation processes, and the current findings redefine their temporal coupling with theta during NREM sleep.nnSignificance StatementSleep is characterized by large slow waves which modulate brain activity. Prominent among these are  downstates, periods of a few tenths of a second when most cells stop firing, and  spindles, oscillations at about twelve times a second lasting for about a second. In this study, we provide the first detailed description of another kind of sleep wave:  theta bursts, a brief oscillation at about six cycles per second. We show, recording during natural sleep directly from the human cortex and thalamus, as well as on the human scalp, that theta bursts precede, and spindles follow downstates. Theta bursts may help trigger downstates in some circumstances, and organize cortical and thalamic activity so that memories can be consolidated during sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak-McCully, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastuji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/260786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Theta bursts precede, and spindles follow, cortical and thalamic downstates in human NREM sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ClusterPicker-II: Massively scalable transmission clustering using phylogenetic trees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe ability to infer transmission clusters from molecular data is critical to designing and evaluating viral control strategies. Viral sequencing datasets are growing rapidly, but standard methods of transmission cluster inference do not scale well beyond thousands of sequences.nnResultsI present TreeCluster, a cross-platform tool that performs transmission cluster inference on a given phylogenetic tree orders of magnitude faster than existing inference methods and supports multiple clustering optimization functions.nnConclusionsTreeCluster is a freely-available cross-platform open source Python 3 tool for inferring transmission clusters from phylogenetic trees. Code, usage information, and in-depth descriptions of the implemented clustering modes are available publicly at the following repository:nnhttps://github.com/niemasd/TreeCluster
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/261354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ClusterPicker-II: Massively scalable transmission clustering using phylogenetic trees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-quality ultrastructural preservation using cryofixation for 3D electron microscopy of genetically labeled tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/261594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electron microscopy (EM) offers unparalleled power to study cell substructures at the nanoscale. Cryofixation by high-pressure freezing offers optimal morphological preservation, as it captures cellular structures instantaneously in their near-native states. However, the applicability of cryofixation is limited by its incompatibilities with diaminobenzidine labeling using genetic EM tags and the high-contrast en bloc staining required for serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM). In addition, it is challenging to perform correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM) with cryofixed samples. Consequently, these powerful methods cannot be applied to address questions requiring optimal morphological preservation and high temporal resolution. Here we developed an approach that overcomes these limitations; it enables genetically labeled, cryofixed samples to be characterized with SBEM and 3D CLEM. Our approach is broadly applicable, as demonstrated in cultured cells, Drosophila olfactory organ and mouse brain. This optimization exploits the potential of cryofixation, allowing quality ultrastructural preservation for diverse EM applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsang, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romoli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulcis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/261594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-quality ultrastructural preservation using cryofixation for 3D electron microscopy of genetically labeled tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/263434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-specific discrimination of desmosterol and desmosterol mimetics confers selective regulation of LXR and SREBP pathways in macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/263434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) with synthetic agonists promotes reverse cholesterol transport and protects against atherosclerosis in mouse models. Most synthetic LXR agonists also cause marked hypertriglyceridemia by inducing the expression of SREBP1c and downstream genes that drive fatty acid biosynthesis. Recent studies demonstrated that desmosterol, an intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway that suppresses SREBP processing by binding to SCAP, also binds and activates LXRs and is the most abundant LXR ligand in macrophage foam cells. Here, we explore the potential of increasing endogenous desmosterol production or mimicking its activity as a means of inducing LXR activity while simultaneously suppressing SREBP1c induced hypertriglyceridemia. Unexpectedly, while desmosterol strongly activated LXR target genes and suppressed SREBP pathways in mouse and human macrophages, it had almost no activity in mouse or human hepatocytes in vitro. We further demonstrate that sterol-based selective modulators of LXRs have biochemical and transcriptional properties predicted of desmosterol mimetics and selectively regulate LXR function in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. These studies thereby reveal cell-specific discrimination of endogenous and synthetic regulators of LXRs and SREBPs, providing a molecular basis for dissociation of LXR functions in macrophages from those in liver that lead to hypertriglyceridemia.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe beneficial effects of LXR pathway activation in the prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease have long been appreciated. However, efforts to translate those effects in humans with synthetic LXR ligands has been met with the unintended consequence of hypertriglyceridemia, a product of co-activation of SREBP1c. Natural LXR ligands such as desmosterol do not promote hypertriglyceridemia because of coordinate down-regulation of the SREBP pathway. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic desmosterol mimetics activate LXR pathways macrophages both in vitro and in vivo without co-stimulation of SREBP1c. Unexpectedly, desmosterol and synthetic desmosterol mimetics almost no effect on LXR activity in hepatocytes in comparison to conventional synthetic LXR ligands. These findings reveal cell-specific differences in LXR responses to natural and synthetic ligands in macrophages and liver cells that provide a conceptually new basis for future drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muse, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edillor, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troutman, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozeki, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahadorani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimikas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/263434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-specific discrimination of desmosterol and desmosterol mimetics confers selective regulation of LXR and SREBP pathways in macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Activation of a Cartilaginous Fish (Elephant Shark, Callorhinchus milii) Mineralocorticoid Receptor by Corticosteroids, Progestins and Spironolactone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the analysis of activation of full-length mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) from elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the oldest group of jawed vertebrates by corticosteroids and progesterone. Based on their measured activities, aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxcortisol, progesterone and 19-norprogesterone are potential physiological mineralocorticoids. However, aldosterone, the physiological mineralocorticoid in humans and other terrestrial vertebrates, is not found in cartilaginous or ray-finned fishes. Although progesterone activates ray-finned fish MRs, progesterone does not activate human, amphibian or alligator MRs, suggesting that during the transition to terrestrial vertebrates, progesterone lost the ability to activate the MR. Both elephant shark MR and human MR are expressed in the brain, heart, ovary, testis and other non-epithelial tissues, indicating that MR expression in diverse tissues evolved in the common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. Our data suggest that progesterone-activated MR may have unappreciated functions in elephant shark ovary and testis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatesh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/265348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Activation of a Cartilaginous Fish (Elephant Shark, Callorhinchus milii) Mineralocorticoid Receptor by Corticosteroids, Progestins and Spironolactone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MARGE: Mutation Analysis for Regulatory Genomic Elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-specific patterns of gene expression are determined by combinatorial actions of sequence-specific transcription factors at cis-regulatory elements. Studies indicate that relatively simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) play dominant roles in the selection of enhancers that establish cell identities and functions. LDTFs require collaborative interactions with additional transcription factors to mediate enhancer function, but the identities of these factors are often unknown. We have shown that natural genetic variation between individuals has great utility for discovering collaborative transcription factors. Here, we introduce MARGE (Mutation Analysis of Regulatory Genomic Elements), the first publicly available suite of software tools that integrates genome-wide genetic variation with epigenetic data to identify collaborative transcription factor pairs. MARGE is optimized to work with chromatin accessibility assays (such as ATAC-seq or DNase I hypersensitivity), as well as transcription factor binding data collected by ChlP-seq. Herein, we provide investigators with rationale for each step in the MARGE pipeline and key differences for analysis of datasets with different experimental designs. We demonstrate the utility of MARGE using mouse peritoneal macrophages, liver cells, and human lymphoblastoid cells. MARGE provides a powerful tool to identify combinations of cell type-specific transcription factors while simultaneously interpreting functional effects of non-coding genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Link, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanoski, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/268839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MARGE: Mutation Analysis for Regulatory Genomic Elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/273433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption in A-to-I editing levels affects C. elegans development more than a complete lack of editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/273433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A-to-I RNA editing is widespread in eukaryotic transcriptomes and plays an essential role in the creation of proteomic and phenotypic diversity. Loss of ADARs, the proteins responsible for A-to-I editing, results in lethality in mammals. In C. elegans, knocking out both ADARs, ADR-1 and ADR-2, results in aberrant behavior and abnormal development. Studies have shown that ADR-2 can actively deaminate dsRNA while ADR-1 cannot. However, as most studies of C. elegans ADARs were performed on worms mutated in both ADAR genes, the effects observed cannot be attributed to a single ADAR or to the interactions between ADAR genes. Therefore, we set to study the effects of each C. elegans ADAR on RNA editing, gene expression, protein levels and the contribution of each of ADAR to the phenotypes observed in worms mutated in both genes, in order to elucidate their distinct functions. We found significant differences in the phenotypes observed in worms mutated in a single ADAR gene. Worms harboring adr-1 mutations have a significant reduction in their lifespan, while worms harboring adr-2 mutations have extended lifespan. We also observed severe abnormalities in vulva formation in adr-1 mutants, and we suggest that these phenotypes are a result of an RNA editing independent function of ADR-1. Mutations in each ADAR resulted in expressional changes in hundreds of genes, and a significant downregulation of edited genes. However, very few changes in the protein levels were observed. In addition, we found that ADR-1 binds many edited genes and primarily promotes editing at the L4 stage of development. While editing still occurs in the absence of ADR-1, most of the editing occurs in genes that are edited in wildtype worms, suggesting that ADR-1 does not prevent editing by binding to and protecting the RNA but rather enhances or promotes editing. Our results suggest that ADR-1 plays a significant role in the RNA editing process and by altering editing levels it causes the severe phenotypes that we observed. In contrast, a complete lack of RNA editing is less harmful to the worms. Furthermore, our results indicate that the effect of RNA editing on the protein content in the cell is minor and probably the main purpose of these modifications is to antagonize or enhance other gene regulatory mechanisms that act on RNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganem, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Asher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deffit, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Naim Zgayer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantsur, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hundley, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamm, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/273433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption in A-to-I editing levels affects C. elegans development more than a complete lack of editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/275651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strong Episodic Selection for Natural Competence for Transformation Due to Host-Pathogen Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/275651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sexual recombination only occurs in eukaryotes; however, many bacteria can actively recombine with environmental DNA. This behavior, referred to as transformation, has been described in many species from diverse taxonomic backgrounds. Transformation is hypothesized to carry some selective advantages similar to those postulated for meiotic sex in eukaryotes. However, the accumulation of loss-of-function alleles at transformation loci and an increased mutational load from recombining with DNA from dead cells create additional costs to transformation. These costs have been shown to outweigh many of the benefits of recombination under a variety of likely parameters. We investigate an additional proposed benefit of sexual recombination, the Red Queen hypothesis, as it relates to bacterial transformation. Here we describe a model showing that host-pathogen coevolution may provide a large selective benefit to transformation and allow transforming cells to invade an environment dominated by otherwise equal non-transformers. Furthermore, we observe that host-pathogen dynamics cause the selection pressure on transformation to vary extensively in time, potentially explaining the tight regulation and wide variety of rates observed in naturally competent bacteria. Host-pathogen dynamics may explain the evolution and maintenance of natural competence despite its associated costs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/275651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strong Episodic Selection for Natural Competence for Transformation Due to Host-Pathogen Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Staphylococcus aureus Two-Component System AgrAC Displays Four Distinct Genomic Arrangements That Delineate Genomic Virulence Factor Signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two-component systems (TCSs) consist of a histidine kinase and a response regulator. Here, we evaluated the conservation of the AgrAC TCS among 149 completely sequenced S. aureus strains. It is composed of four genes: agrBDCA. We found that: i) AgrAC system (agr) was found in all but one of the 149 strains; ii) The agr positive strains were further classified into four agr types based on AgrD protein sequences, iii) the four agr types not only specified the chromosomal arrangement of the agr genes but also the sequence divergence of AgrC histidine kinase protein, which confers signal specificity, iv) the sequence divergence was reflected in distinct structural properties especially in the transmembrane region and second extracellular binding domain, and v) there was a strong correlation between the agr type and the virulence genomic profile of the organism. Taken together, these results demonstrate that bioinformatic analysis of the agr locus leads to a classification system that correlates with the presence of virulence factors and protein structural properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavvas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakoulas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Staphylococcus aureus Two-Component System AgrAC Displays Four Distinct Genomic Arrangements That Delineate Genomic Virulence Factor Signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/283812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide fitness assessment during diurnal growth reveals an expanded role of the cyanobacterial circadian clock protein KaiA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/283812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recurrent pattern of light and darkness generated by Earths axial rotation has profoundly influenced the evolution of organisms, selecting for both biological mechanisms that respond acutely to environmental changes and circadian clocks that program physiology in anticipation of daily variations. The necessity to integrate environmental responsiveness and circadian programming is exemplified in photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, which depend on light-driven photochemical processes. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is an excellent model system for dissecting these entwined mechanisms. Its core circadian oscillator, consisting of three proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, transmits time-of-day signals to clock-output proteins, which reciprocally regulate global transcription. Research performed under constant light facilitates analysis of intrinsic cycles separately from direct environmental responses, but does not provide insight into how these regulatory systems are integrated during light-dark cycles. Thus, we sought to identify genes that are specifically necessary in a day-night environment. We screened a dense bar-coded transposon library in both continuous light and daily cycling conditions and compared the fitness consequences of loss of each nonessential gene in the genome. Although the clock itself is not essential for viability in light-dark cycles, the most detrimental mutations revealed by the screen were those that disrupt KaiA. The screen broadened our understanding of light-dark survival in photosynthetic organisms, identified unforeseen clock-protein interaction dynamics, and reinforced the role of the clock as a negative regulator of a night-time metabolic program that is essential for S. elongatus to survive in the dark.nnSignificanceUnderstanding how photosynthetic bacteria respond to and anticipate natural light-dark cycles is necessary for predictive modeling, bioengineering, and elucidating metabolic strategies for diurnal growth. Here, we identify the genetic components that are important specifically under light-dark cycling conditions and determine how a properly functioning circadian clock prepares metabolism for darkness, a starvation period for photoautotrophs. This study establishes that the core circadian clock protein KaiA is necessary to enable rhythmic de-repression of a night-time circadian program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Welkie, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LiWang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/283812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide fitness assessment during diurnal growth reveals an expanded role of the cyanobacterial circadian clock protein KaiA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuisance Effects and the Limitations of Nuisance Regression in Dynamic Functional Connectivity fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In resting-state fMRI, dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) measures are used to characterize temporal changes in the brains intrinsic functional connectivity. A widely used approach for DFC estimation is the computation of the sliding window correlation between blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals from different brain regions. Although the source of temporal fluctuations in DFC estimates remains largely unknown, there is growing evidence that they may reflect dynamic shifts between functional brain networks. At the same time, recent findings suggest that DFC estimates might be prone to the influence of nuisance factors such as the physiological modulation of the BOLD signal. Therefore, nuisance regression is used in many DFC studies to regress out the effects of nuisance terms prior to the computation of DFC estimates. In this work we examined the relationship between DFC estimates and nuisance factors. We found that DFC estimates were significantly correlated with temporal fluctuations in the magnitude (norm) of various nuisance regressors, with significant correlations observed in the majority (76%) of the cases examined. Significant correlations between the DFC estimates and nuisance regressor norms were found even when the underlying correlations between the nuisance and fMRI time courses were relatively small. We then show that nuisance regression does not eliminate the relationship between DFC estimates and nuisance norms, with significant correlations observed in the majority (71%) of the cases examined after nuisance regression. We present theoretical bounds on the difference between DFC estimates obtained before and after nuisance regression and relate these bounds to limitations in the efficacy of nuisance regression with regards to DFC estimates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nalci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/285239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuisance Effects and the Limitations of Nuisance Regression in Dynamic Functional Connectivity fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/290353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Changes in the genetic requirements for microbial interactions with increasing community complexity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/290353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial community structure and function rely on complex interactions whose underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate these interactions in a simple microbiome, we introduced E. coli into an experimental community based on a cheese rind and identified the differences in E. colis genetic requirements for growth in interactive and non-interactive contexts using Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing (RB-TnSeq) and RNASeq. E. colis genetic requirements varied among pairwise growth conditions and between pairwise and community conditions. Our analysis points to mechanisms by which growth conditions change as a result of increasing community complexity and suggests that growth within a community relies on a combination of pairwise and higher order interactions. Our work provides a framework for using the model organism E. coli as a probe to investigate microbial interactions regardless of the genetic tractability of members of the studied ecosystem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/290353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Changes in the genetic requirements for microbial interactions with increasing community complexity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a joint evolutionary model for the genome and the epigenome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundInterspecies epigenome comparisons yielded functional information that cannot be revealed by genome comparison alone, begging for theoretical advances that enable principled analysis approaches. Whereas probabilistic genome evolution models provided theoretical foundation to comparative genomics studies, it remains challenging to extend DNA evolution models to epigenomes.nnResultsWe present an effort to develop ab initio evolution models for epigenomes, by explicitly expressing the joint probability of multispecies DNA sequences and histone modifications on homologous genomic regions. This joint probability is modeled as a mixture of four components representing four evolutionary hypotheses, namely dependence and independence of interspecies epigenomic variations to sequence mutations and to sequence insertions and deletions (indels). For model fitting, we implemented a maximum likelihood method by coupling downhill simplex algorithm with dynamic programming. Based on likelihood comparisons, the model can be used to infer whether interspecies epigenomic variations depend on mutation or indels in local genomic sequences. We applied this model to analyze DNase hypersensitive regions and spermatid H3K4me3 ChIP-seq data from human and rhesus macaque. Approximately 5.5% of homologous regions in the genomes exhibited H3K4me3 modification in either species, among which approximately 67% homologous regions exhibited sequence-dependent interspecies H3K4me3 variations. Mutations accounted for less sequence-dependent H3K4me3 variations than indels. Among transposon-mediated indels, ERV1 insertions and L1 insertions were most strongly associated with H3K4me3 gains and losses, respectively.nnConclusionThis work initiates a class of probabilistic evolution models that jointly model the genomes and the epigenomes, thus helps to bring evolutionary principles to comparative epigenomic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/293076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a joint evolutionary model for the genome and the epigenome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/295915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An inter-chromosomal transcription hub activates the unfolded protein response in plasma cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/295915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies have indicated that the transcription signature of antibody-secreting cells is closely associated with the induction of the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR). Here we have used genome-wide and single cell analyses to examine the folding patterns of plasma cell genomes. We found that plasma cells adopt a cartwheel configuration and undergo large-scale changes in chromatin folding at genomic regions associated with a plasma cell specific transcription signature. During plasma cell differentiation, Blimp1 assembles into an inter-chromosomal transcription hub with genes associated with the UPR, biosynthesis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as a cluster of genes linked with Alzheimers disease. We suggest that the assembly of the Blimp1-UPR-ER transcription hub permits the coordinate activation of a wide spectrum of genes that collectively establish plasma cell identity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bortnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubrey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denholtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/295915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An inter-chromosomal transcription hub activates the unfolded protein response in plasma cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/297267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAVITES: simultaneous simulation of transmission networks, phylogenetic trees, and sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/297267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe ability to simulate epidemics as a function of model parameters allows insights that are unobtainable from real datasets. Further, reconstructing transmission networks for fast-evolving viruses like HIV may have the potential to greatly enhance epidemic intervention, but transmission network reconstruction methods have been inadequately studied, largely because it is difficult to obtain "truth" sets on which to test them and properly measure their performance.nnResultsWe introduce FAVITES, a robust framework for simulating realistic datasets for epidemics that are caused by fast-evolving pathogens like HIV. FAVITES creates a generative model to produce contact networks, transmission networks, phylogenetic trees, and sequence datasets, and to add error to the data. FAVITES is designed to be extensible by dividing the generative model into modules, each of which is expressed as a fixed API that can be implemented using various models. We use FAVITES to simulate HIV datasets and study the realism of the simulated datasets. We then use the simulated data to study the impact of the increased treatment efforts on epidemiological outcomes. We also study two transmission network reconstruction methods and their effectiveness in detecting fast-growing clusters.nnAvailability and implementationFAVITES is available at https://github.com/niemasd/FAVITES, and a Docker image can be found on DockerHub (https://hub.docker.com/r/niemasd/favites).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragonnet-Cronin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/297267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAVITES: simultaneous simulation of transmission networks, phylogenetic trees, and sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/299859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parameterizing neural power spectra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/299859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrophysiological signals across species and recording scales exhibit both periodic and aperiodic features. Periodic oscillations have been widely studied and linked to numerous physiological, cognitive, behavioral, and disease states, while the aperiodic "background" 1/f component of neural power spectra has received far less attention. Most analyses of oscillations are conducted on a priori, canonically-defined frequency bands without consideration of the underlying aperiodic structure, or verification that a periodic signal even exists in addition to the aperiodic signal. This is problematic, as recent evidence shows that the aperiodic signal is dynamic, changing with age, task demands, and cognitive state. It has also been linked to the relative excitation/inhibition of the underlying neuronal population. This means that standard analytic approaches easily conflate changes in the periodic and aperiodic signals with one another because the aperiodic parameters--along with oscillation center frequency, power, and bandwidth--are all dynamic in physiologically meaningful, but likely different, ways. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional narrowband analyses and to reduce the potentially deleterious effects of conflating these features, we introduce a novel algorithm for automatic parameterization of neural power spectral densities (PSDs) as a combination of the aperiodic signal and putative periodic oscillations. Notably, this algorithm requires no a priori specification of band limits and accounts for potentially-overlapping oscillations while minimizing the degree to which they are confounded with one another. This algorithm is amenable to large-scale data exploration and analysis, providing researchers with a tool to quickly and accurately parameterize neural power spectra.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastian, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shestyuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/299859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parameterizing neural power spectra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNAs as proximity labeling media for identifying nuclear speckle positions relative to the genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear speckles are interchromatin structures enriched in RNA splicing factors. Determining their relative positions with respect to the folded nuclear genome could provide critical information on co-and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, it remains challenging to identify which parts of the nuclear genome are in proximity to nuclear speckles, due to physical separation between nuclear speckle cores and chromatin. We hypothesized that noncoding RNAs including small nuclear RNAs, 7SK and Malat1, which accumulate at the periphery of nuclear speckles (nsaRNA, nuclear speckle associated RNA), may extend to sufficient proximity to the nuclear genome. Leveraging a transcriptome-genome interaction assay (MARGI), we identified nsaRNA-interacting genomic sequences, which exhibited clustering patterns (nsaPeaks) in the genome, suggesting existence of relatively stable interaction sites for nsaRNAs in nuclear genome. Posttranscriptional pre-mRNAs, which are known to be clustered to nuclear speckles, exhibited proximity to nsaPeaks but rarely to other genomic regions. Furthermore, CDK9 proteins that localize to the vicinity of nuclear speckles produced ChIP-seq peaks that overlapped with nsaPeaks. Our combined DNA FISH and immunofluorescence analysis in 182 single cells revealed a 3-fold increase in odds for nuclear speckles to localize near an nsaPeak than its neighboring genomic sequence. These data suggest a model that nsaRNAs locate in sufficient proximity to nuclear genome and leave identifiable genomic footprints, thus revealing the parts of genome proximal to nuclear speckles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/300483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNAs as proximity labeling media for identifying nuclear speckle positions relative to the genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/301945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing key decisions for transcriptomic data integration in biochemical networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/301945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationTo gain insights into complex biological processes, genome-scale data (e.g., RNA-Seq) are often overlaid on biochemical networks. However, many networks do not have a one-to-one relationship between genes and network edges, due to the existence of isozymes and protein complexes. Therefore, decisions must be made on how to overlay data onto networks. For example, for metabolic networks, these decisions include (1) how to integrate gene expression levels using gene-protein-reaction rules, (2) the approach used for selection of thresholds on expression data to consider the associated gene as "active", and (3) the order in which these steps are imposed. However, the influence of these decisions has not been systematically tested.nnResultsWe compared 20 decision combinations using a transcriptomic dataset across 32 tissues and showed that definition of which reaction may be considered as active is mainly influenced by thresholding approach used. To determine the most appropriate decisions, we evaluated how these decisions impact the acquisition of tissue-specific active reaction lists that recapitulate organ-system tissue groups. These results will provide guidelines to improve data analyses with biochemical networks and facilitate the construction of context-specific metabolic models.nnContactnlewisres@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/301945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing key decisions for transcriptomic data integration in biochemical networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cycle-by-cycle analysis of neural oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural oscillations are widely studied using methods based on the Fourier transform, which models data as sums of sinusoids. For decades these Fourier-based approaches have successfully uncovered links between oscillations and cognition or disease. However, because of the fundamental sinusoidal basis, these methods might not fully capture neural oscillatory dynamics, because neural data are both nonsinusoidal and non-stationary. Here, we present a new analysis framework, complementary to Fourier analysis, that quantifies cycle-by-cycle time-domain features. For each cycle, the amplitude, period, and waveform symmetry are measured, the latter of which is missed using conventional approaches. Additionally, oscillatory bursts are algorithmically identified, allowing us to investigate the variability of oscillatory features within and between bursts. This approach is validated on simulated noisy signals with oscillatory bursts and outperforms conventional metrics. Further, these methods are applied to real data--including hippocampal theta, motor cortical beta, and visual cortical alpha--and can differentiate behavioral conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cole, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/302000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cycle-by-cycle analysis of neural oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development and validation of a phenotypic high-content imaging assay for assessing the antiviral activity of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the Zika virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been linked to the development of microcephaly in newborns, as well as Guillain-Barre syndrome. There are currently no drugs available to treat infection, and accordingly there is an unmet medical need for discovery of new therapies. High-throughput drug screening efforts focusing on indirect readouts of cell viability are prone to a higher frequency of false positives in cases where the virus is viable in the cell but the cytopathic effect is reduced or delayed. Here, we describe a fast and label-free phenotypic high-content imaging assay used to detect cells affected by the viral-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) using automated imaging and analysis. Protection from CPE correlates with a decrease in viral antigen production as observed by immunofluorescence. We trained our assay using a collection of nucleoside analogues against ZIKV; the previously reported antiviral activities of 2-C-methylribonucleosides and ribavirin against the Zika virus in Vero cells were confirmed using our developed method. Profiling of a novel library of 24 natural product derivatives using our assay revealed compound 1 as an inhibitor of ZIKV-induced cytopathic effect; activity of the compound was confirmed in human fetal neural stem cells (NSCs). The described technique can be easily leveraged as a primary screening assay for profiling large compound libraries against ZIKV, and can be expanded to other ZIKV strains and other cell lines displaying morphological changes upon ZIKV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coste, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purse, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/302927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development and validation of a phenotypic high-content imaging assay for assessing the antiviral activity of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the Zika virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel sialylation site on Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide links heptose II lactose expression with pathogenicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sialylation of lacto-W-neotetraose (LNnT) extending from heptose I (HepI) of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) contributes to pathogenesis. Previously, gonococcal LOS sialyltransterase (Lst) was shown to sialylate LOS in Triton X-100 extracts of strain 15253, which expresses lactose from both HepI and HepII, the minimal structure required for mAb 2C7 binding. Ongoing work has shown that growth of 15253 in cytidine monophospho-W-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac)-containing media enables binding to CD33/Siglec-3, a cell surface receptor that binds sialic acid, suggesting that lactose termini on LOS of intact gonococci can be sialylated. Neu5Ac was detected on LOSs of strains 15253 and a MS11 mutant with only lactose from HepI and HepII by mass spectrometry; deleting HepII lactose rendered Neu5Ac undetectable. Resistance of HepII lactose Neu5Ac to desialylation by 2-3-specific neuraminidase suggested an 2-6-linkage. Although not associated with increased factor H binding, HepII lactose sialylation inhibited complement C3 deposition on gonococci. 15253 mutants that lacked Lst or HepII lactose were significantly attenuated in mice, confirming the importance of HepII Neu5Ac in virulence. All 75 minimally passaged clinical isolates from Nanjing, China, expressed HepII lactose, evidenced by reactivity with mAb 2C7; mAb 2C7 was bactericidal against the first 62 (of 75) isolates that had been collected sequentially and were sialylated before testing. mAb 2C7 effectively attenuated 15253 vaginal colonization in mice. In conclusion, this novel sialylation site could explain the ubiquity of gonococcal HepII lactose in vivo. Our findings reiterate the candidacy of the 2C7 epitope as a vaccine antigen and mAb 2C7 as an immunotherapeutic antibody.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeOliveira, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Michael, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stupak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landig, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>RICE, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/302968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel sialylation site on Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide links heptose II lactose expression with pathogenicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Movement-related activity dominates cortex during sensory-guided decision making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/308288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When experts are immersed in a task, do their brains prioritize task-related activity? Most efforts to understand neural activity during well-learned tasks focus on cognitive computations and specific task-related movements. We wondered whether task-performing animals explore a broader movement landscape, and how this impacts neural activity. We characterized movements using video and other sensors and measured neural activity using widefield and two-photon imaging. Cortex-wide activity was dominated by movements, especially uninstructed movements, reflecting unknown priorities of the animal. Some uninstructed movements were aligned to trial events. Accounting for them revealed that neurons with similar trial-averaged activity often reflected utterly different combinations of cognitive and movement variables. Other movements occurred idiosyncratically, accounting for trial-by-trial fluctuations that are often considered "noise". This held true for extracellular Neuropixels recordings in cortical and subcortical areas. Our observations argue that animals execute expert decisions while performing richly varied, uninstructed movements that profoundly shape neural activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musall, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/308288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Movement-related activity dominates cortex during sensory-guided decision making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/310946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzyme promiscuity shapes evolutionary innovation and optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/310946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence suggests that novel enzyme functions evolved from low-level promiscuous activities in ancestral enzymes. Yet, the evolutionary dynamics and physiological mechanisms of how such side activities contribute to systems-level adaptations are poorly understood. Furthermore, it remains untested whether knowledge of an organisms promiscuous reaction set ( underground metabolism) can aid in forecasting the genetic basis of metabolic adaptations. Here, we employ a computational model of underground metabolism and laboratory evolution experiments to examine the role of enzyme promiscuity in the acquisition and optimization of growth on predicted non-native substrates in E. coli K-12 MG1655. After as few as 20 generations, the evolving populations repeatedly acquired the capacity to grow on five predicted novel substrates-D-lyxose, D-2-deoxyribose, D-arabinose, m-tartrate, and monomethyl succinate-none of which could support growth in wild-type cells. Promiscuous enzyme activities played key roles in multiple phases of adaptation. Altered promiscuous activities not only established novel high-efficiency pathways, but also suppressed undesirable metabolic routes. Further, structural mutations shifted enzyme substrate turnover rates towards the new substrate while retaining a preference for the primary substrate. Finally, genes underlying the phenotypic innovations were accurately predicted by genome-scale model simulations of metabolism with enzyme promiscuity. Computational approaches will be essential to synthesize the complex role of promiscuous activities in applied biotechnology and in models of evolutionary adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guzman, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaCroix, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyerges, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papp, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Raad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notebaart, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/310946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzyme promiscuity shapes evolutionary innovation and optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/311498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic Origins of Dynamic Instability in Filaments from the Phage Tubulin, PhuZ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/311498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A bacteriophage-encoded tubulin homologue, PhuZ, harnesses dynamic instability to position genomes of KZ-like bacteriophage at the midline of their Pseudomonas hosts, facilitating phage infectivity. While much has been learned about molecular origins of microtubule dynamics, how GTP binding and hydrolysis control dynamics in the divergent 3-stranded PhuZ filaments is not understood. Here we present cryo-EM reconstructions of the PhuZ filamentin a pre-hydrolysis (3.5[A]) and three post-hydrolysis states (4.2 [A], 7.3 [A] and 8.1 [A] resolutions), likely representing distinct depolymerization stages. Core polymerization-induced structural changes reveal similarities to {beta}-tubulin, suggesting broad conservation within the tubulin family. By contrast, GTP hydrolysis is sensed quite differently and is communicated by the divergent PhuZ C-terminus to the lateral interface, leading to PhuZ polymer destabilization. This provides a contrasting molecular description of how nucleotide state can be harnessed by the tubulin fold to regulate filament assembly, metastability and disassembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zehr, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verba, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigorieff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agard, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/311498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic Origins of Dynamic Instability in Filaments from the Phage Tubulin, PhuZ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/312934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two Isoforms of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Daple/CCDC88C Cooperate as Tumor Suppressors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/312934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previously Aznar et al., showed that Daple enables Wnt/Frizzled receptors to transactivate trimeric G proteins during non-canonical Wnt signaling via a novel G-protein binding and activating (GBA) motif. By doing so, Daple serves as a double-edged sword; earlier during oncogenesis it suppresses neoplastic transformation and tumor growth, but later it triggers epithelial messenchymal transition (EMT). We have identified and characterized two isoforms of the human Daple/CCDC88c gene. While both isoforms cooperatively suppress tumor growth via their GBA motif, only the full-length transcript triggers EMT and invasion. Aspirin suppresses the full-length transcript and protein but upregulates the short isoform. Both isoforms are suppressed during colon cancer progression, and their reduced expression carries additive prognostic significance. These findings provide insights into the opposing roles of Daple during cancer progression and define the G protein regulatory GBA motif as one of the minimal modules essential for Daples role as a tumor suppressor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dunkel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitsche, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbazan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aznar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/312934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two Isoforms of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Daple/CCDC88C Cooperate as Tumor Suppressors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mobile-CRISPRi: Enabling Genetic Analysis of Diverse Bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory paragraphThe vast majority of bacteria, including human pathogens and microbiome species, lack genetic tools needed to systematically associate genes with phenotypes. This is the major impediment to understanding the fundamental contributions of genes and gene networks to bacterial physiology and human health. CRISPRi, a versatile method of blocking gene expression using a catalytically inactive Cas9 protein (dCas9) and programmable single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), has emerged as a powerful genetic tool to dissect the functions of essential and non-essential genes in species ranging from bacteria to human. However, the difficulty of establishing effective CRISPRi systems in non-model bacteria is a major barrier to its widespread use to dissect bacterial gene function. Here, we establish "Mobile-CRISPRi", a suite of CRISPRi systems that combine modularity, stable genomic integration and ease of transfer to diverse bacteria by conjugation. Focusing predominantly on human pathogens associated with antibiotic resistance, we demonstrate the efficacy of Mobile-CRISPRi in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the individual gene scale by examining drug-gene synergies and at the library scale by systematically phenotyping conditionally essential genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. Mobile-CRISPRi enables genetic dissection of non-model bacteria, facilitating analyses of microbiome function, antibiotic resistances and sensitivities, and comprehensive screens for host-microbe interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heussler, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hearne, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inclan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C. H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osadnik, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/315499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mobile-CRISPRi: Enabling Genetic Analysis of Diverse Bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial gene-by-environment mapping for schizophrenia reveals locale of upbringing effects beyond urban-rural differences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/315820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of mechanisms underlying the incidence of psychiatric disorders has been hampered by the difficulty in discovering highly-predictive environmental risk factors. For example, prior efforts have failed to establish environmental effects predicting geospatial clustering of schizophrenia incidence beyond urban-rural differences. Here, we employ a novel statistical framework for decomposing the geospatial risk for schizophrenia based on locale of upbringing (place of residence, ages 0-7 years) and its synergistic effects with genetic liabilities (polygenic risk for schizophrenia). We use this statistical framework to analyze unprecedented geolocation and genotyping data in a case-cohort study of n=24,028 subjects, drawn from the 1.47 million Danish persons born between 1981 and 2005. Using this framework we estimate the effects of upbringing locale (E) and gene-by-locale interactions (GxE). After controlling for potential confounding variables, upbringing at high-risk locales increases the risk for schizophrenia on average by 122%, while GxE modulates genetic risk for schizophrenia on average by 78%. Within the boundaries of Copenhagen (the largest and most densely populated city of Denmark) specific locales vary substantially in their E and GxE effects, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.26 to 9.26 for E and from 0.20 to 5.95 for GxE. This study provides insight into the degree of geospatial clustering of schizophrenia risk, and our novel analytic procedure provides a framework for decomposing variation in geospatial risk into G, E, and GxE components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appadurai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandal, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agerbo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/315820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial gene-by-environment mapping for schizophrenia reveals locale of upbringing effects beyond urban-rural differences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling genome-wide evolution of catalytic turnover rates: Strong epistasis shaped modern enzyme kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systems biology describes cellular phenotypes as properties that emerge from the complex interactions of individual system components. Little is known about how these interactions have affected the evolution of metabolic enzymes. To address this question, we combine genome-scale metabolic modelling with population genetics models to simulate the evolution of enzyme turnover numbers (kcats) from a theoretical ancestor with inefficient enzymes. This systems view of biochemical evolution reveals strong epistatic interactions between metabolic genes that shape evolutionary trajectories and influence the magnitude of evolved kcats. A small number of biophysically constrained enzymes suffice to induce diminishing returns epistasis that prevents enzymes from developing higher kcats in all reactions and keeps the organism far from the potential fitness optimum. In addition, multifunctional enzymes cause synergistic epistasis that slows down adaptation. The resulting fitness landscape is smooth and causes kcat evolution to be convergent. Predicted kcat parameters show a significant correlation with experimental data on in vitro and in vivo turnover rates, validating our modelling approach. Our analysis thus suggests that enzyme evolution can be predicted on a genome scale and reveals the mechanisms by which evolutionary forces shape modern kcats and the whole of cell metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heckmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/318972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling genome-wide evolution of catalytic turnover rates: Strong epistasis shaped modern enzyme kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/319673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Links between environment, diet, and the hunter-gatherer microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/319673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of traditional populations provides a view of human-associated microbes unperturbed by industrialization, as well as a window into the microbiota that co-evolved with humans. Here we discuss our recent work characterizing the microbiota from the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. We found seasonal shifts in bacterial taxa, diversity, and carbohydrate utilization by the microbiota. When compared to the microbiota composition from other populations around the world, the Hadza microbiota shares bacterial families with other traditional societies that are rare or absent from microbiotas of industrialized nations. We present additional observations from the Hadza microbiota and their lifestyle and environment, including microbes detected on hands, water, and animal sources, how the microbiota varies with sex and age, and the shortterm effects of introducing agricultural products into the diet. In the context of our previously published findings and of these additional observations, we discuss a path forward for future work.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fragiadakis, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smits, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnenburg, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Treuren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manjurano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Changalucha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez-Bello, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnenburg, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/319673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Links between environment, diet, and the hunter-gatherer microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ALEdb 1.0: A Database of Mutations from Adaptive Laboratory Evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Full genomic sequences are readily available, but their functional interpretation remains a fundamental challenge. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) has emerged as an experimental approach to discover causal mutations that confer desired phenotypic functions. Thus, ALE not only represents a controllable experimental approach to systematically discover genotype-phenotype relationships, but it also allows for the revelation of the series of genetic alterations required to acquire the new phenotype. Numerous ALE studies have appeared in the literature providing a strong impetus for developing structured databases to warehouse experimental evolution information and make it retrievable for large-scale analysis. Here, the first step towards establishing this capability is presented: ALEdb (http://aledb.org). This initial release contains over 11,000 mutations that have been discovered in ALE experiments. ALEdb is the first of its kind; (1) it is a web-based platform that comprehensively reports on ALE acquired mutations and their conditions, (2) it reports key mutations using previously established trends, (3) it enables a search-driven workflow to enhance user mutation functional analysis, (4) it allows exporting of mutation query results for custom analysis, (5) it has a bibliome that describes the underlying published literature, and (6) contains experimental evolution mutations from multiple model organisms. Thus, ALEdb is an informative platform which will become increasingly revealing as the number of reported ALE experiments and identified mutations continue to expand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosting, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/320747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ALEdb 1.0: A Database of Mutations from Adaptive Laboratory Evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/322859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Repertoire of Mutational Signatures in Human Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/322859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mutations in cancer genomes are caused by multiple mutational processes each of which generates a characteristic mutational signature. Using 84,729,690 somatic mutations from 4,645 whole cancer genome and 19,184 exome sequences encompassing most cancer types we characterised 49 single base substitution, 11 doublet base substitution, four clustered base substitution, and 17 small insertion and deletion mutational signatures. The substantial dataset size compared to previous analyses enabled discovery of new signatures, separation of overlapping signatures and decomposition of signatures into components that may represent associated, but distinct, DNA damage, repair and/or replication mechanisms. Estimation of the contribution of each signature to the mutational catalogues of individual cancer genomes revealed associations with exogenous and endogenous exposures and defective DNA maintenance processes. However, many signatures are of unknown cause. This analysis provides a systematic perspective on the repertoire of mutational processes contributing to the development of human cancer including a comprehensive reference set of mutational signatures in human cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haradhvala, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covington, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordenin, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Bigas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimczak, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPherson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morganella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabarinathan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mustonen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozen, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PCAWG Mutational Signatures Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Net,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/322859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Repertoire of Mutational Signatures in Human Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/325522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TreeSwift: a massively scalable Python package for trees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/325522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic trees are essential to evolutionary biology, and numerous methods exist that attempt to extract phylogenetic information applicable to a wide range of disciplines, such as epidemiology and metagenomics. Currently, the three main Python packages for trees are Bio.Phylo, DendroPy, and the ETE Toolkit, but as dataset sizes grow, parsing and manipulating ultra-large trees becomes impractical for these tools. To address this issue, we present TreeSwift, a user-friendly and massively scalable Python package for traversing and manipulating trees that is ideal for algorithms performed on ultra-large trees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/325522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TreeSwift: a massively scalable Python package for trees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/326710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hyperactive Rac1 drives MAPK-independent proliferation in melanoma by assembly of a mechanosensitive dendritic actin network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/326710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractCancer cells use a variety of mechanisms to subvert growth regulation and overcome environmental challenges. Often, these same mechanisms enable cancer cells to also develop resistance to targeted therapies. Here, we describe how a hyperactivating mutation of the Rac1 GTPase (Rac1P29S) harnesses Rac1s role as a regulator of actin polymer assembly to sustain cell cycle progression in growth limiting conditions. This proliferative advantage supports metastatic colonization of melanoma cells and confers insensitivity to inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a frequent target for melanoma treatment. Rac1P29S bypasses the MAPK axis through a mechanism that necessitates cell-matrix attachment, however, does not depend on integrin-mediated focal adhesion assembly and focal adhesion kinase signaling. Even without involvement of canonical adhesion signaling, cells carrying the Rac1P29S mutation show elevated traction upon drug treatment and require mechanical resistance from their surrounding matrix to gain a proliferative advantage. We describe an alternative arm for cell mechanosensing, whereby actin polymerization against a matrix of minimal rigidity organizes biochemical cues to drive proliferative signals. Hyperactivation of Rac1 by the P29S mutation channels this pathway in melanoma through Arp 2/3-dependent formation of a constrained actin brush network that results in the inactivation of tumor suppressor NF2/Merlin. These data suggest an alternative mechanism for mechanosensitive growth regulation that can be hijacked by cancer cells to circumvent the adverse conditions of foreign microenvironments or drug treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohan, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasitinon, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isogai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siruvallur Murali, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roudot, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welf, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danuser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/326710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hyperactive Rac1 drives MAPK-independent proliferation in melanoma by assembly of a mechanosensitive dendritic actin network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Relevance of coral geometry in the outcomes of the coral-algal benthic war 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Corals have built reefs on the benthos for millennia, becoming an essential element in marine ecosystems. Climate change and human impact, however, are favoring the invasion of non-calcifying benthic algae and reducing coral coverage. Corals rely on energy derived from photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding, which depends on their surface area, to defend their outer perimeter. But the relation between geometric properties of corals and the outcome of competitive coral-algal interactions is not well known. To address this, 50 coral colonies interacting with algae were sampled in the Caribbean island of Curacao. 3D and 2D digital models of corals were reconstructed to measure their surface area, perimeter, and polyp sizes. A box counting algorithm was applied to calculate their fractal dimension. The perimeter and surface dimensions were statistically non-fractal, but differences in the mean surface fractal dimension captured relevant features in the structure of corals. The mean fractal dimension and surface area were negatively correlated with the percentage of losing perimeter and positively correlated with the percentage of winning perimeter. The combination of coral perimeter, mean surface fractal dimension, and coral species explained 19% of the variability of losing regions, while the surface area, perimeter, and perimeter-to-surface area ratio explained 27% of the variability of winning regions. Corals with surface fractal dimensions smaller than two and small perimeters displayed the highest percentage of losing perimeter, while corals with large surface areas and low perimeter-to-surface ratios displayed the largest percentage of winning perimeter. This study confirms the importance of fractal surface dimension, surface area, and perimeter of corals in coral-algal interactions. In combination with non-geometrical measurements such as microbial composition, this approach could facilitate environmental conservation and restoration efforts on coral reefs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>George, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullinix, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felts, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nulton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roach, T. N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silveira, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeij, M. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohwer, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/327031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Relevance of coral geometry in the outcomes of the coral-algal benthic war]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation on wound healing, tumor growth and RACPP cleavage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2/-9) are key tissue remodeling enzymes that have multiple overlapping activities critical for wound healing and tumor progression in vivo. To overcome issues of redundancy, we created MMP-2/-9 double knockout (DKO) mice in the C57BL/6 background to examine wound healing. We then bred the DKO mice into the polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) model of breast cancer to analyze the role of these enzymes in tumorigenesis. Breeding analyses indicated that significantly fewer DKO mice were born than predicted by Mendelian genetics and weaned DKO mice were growth compromised compared with wild type (WT) cohorts. Epithelial wound healing was dramatically delayed in adult DKO mice and when the DKO was combined with the PyVmT oncogene, we found that the biologically related process of mammary tumorigenesis was inhibited in a site-specific manner. To further examine the role of MMP-2/-9 in tumor progression, tumor cells derived from WT or DKO PyVmT transgenic tumors were grown in WT or DKO mice. Ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides (RACPPs) previously used to image cancer based on MMP-2/-9 activity were used to understand differences in MMP activity in WT or knockout syngeneic tumors in WT and KO animals. Analysis of an MMP-2 selective RACPP in WT or DKO mice bearing WT and DKO PyVmT tumor cells indicated that the genotype of the tumor cells was more important than the host stromal genotype in promoting MMP-2/-9 activity in the tumors in this model system. Additional complexities were revealed as the recruitment of host macrophages by the tumor cells was found to be the source of the tumor MMP-2/-9 activity and it is evident that MMP-2/-9 from both host and tumor is required for maximum signal using RACPP imaging for detection. We conclude that in the PyVmT model, the majority of MMP-2/-9 activity in mammary tumors is associated with host macrophages recruited into the tumor rather than that produced by the tumor cells themselves. Thus therapies that target tumor-associated macrophage functions have the potential to slow tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellies, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hingorani, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippert, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crisp, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savariar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasselmann, J. P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C. P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Q. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsien, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitney, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/327791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation on wound healing, tumor growth and RACPP cleavage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using global t-SNE to preserve inter-cluster data structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) method is one of the leading techniques for data visualization and clustering. This method finds lower dimensional embeddings of data points while minimizing distortions in distances between neighboring data points. By construction, t-SNE discards information about large scale structure of the data. We show that adding a global cost function to the t-SNE cost function makes it possible to cluster the data while preserving global inter-cluster data structure. We test the new "global t-SNE" (g-SNE) method on one synthetic and two real data sets on flowers and human brain cells which have significant and meaningful global structures. In all cases, g-SNE outperforms t-SNE in preserving the global structure. The weight parameter {lambda} of the global cost function determines the balance between local and global distances preservations. For the human brain atlas data set, we show the tradeoff of {lambda} in representing global structure of data. Using g-SNE with the optimized {lambda} may therefore yield biological insights into how data is organized on multiple scales. The MATLAB code is available at: https://github.com/gyrheart/gsne
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/331611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using global t-SNE to preserve inter-cluster data structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using deep whole genome sequence, transcriptome and epigenome data to characterize the mutational burden of induced pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand the mutational burden of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we whole genome sequenced 18 fibroblast-derived iPSC lines and identified different classes of somatic mutations based on structure, origin and frequency. Copy number alterations affected 295 kb in each sample and strongly impacted gene expression. UV-damage mutations were present in ~45% of the iPSCs and accounted for most of the observed heterogeneity in mutation rates across lines. Subclonal mutations (not present in all iPSCs within a line) composed 10% of point mutations, and compared with clonal variants, showed an enrichment in active promoters and increased association with altered gene expression. Our study shows that, by combining WGS, transcriptome and epigenome data, we can understand the mutational burden of each iPSC line on an individual basis and suggests that this information could be used to prioritize iPSC lines for models of specific human diseases and/or transplantation therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakubosky, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/334870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using deep whole genome sequence, transcriptome and epigenome data to characterize the mutational burden of induced pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/341248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PI(4,5)P2 Binding Sites in the Ebola Virus Matrix Protein Modulate Assembly and Budding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/341248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes sever hemorrhagic fever in humans, can cause death in a large percentage of those infected, and still lacks FDA approved treatment options. In this study, we investigated how the essential EBOV protein, VP40, forms stable oligomers to mediate budding and assembly from the host cell plasma membrane. An array of in vitro and cellular assays identified and characterized two lysine rich regions that bind to PI(4,5)P2 and serve distinct functions through the lipid binding and assembly of the viral matrix layer. We found that when VP40 binds PI(4,5)P2, VP40 oligomers become extremely stable and long lived. Together, this work characterizes the molecular basis of PI(4,5)P2 binding by VP40, which stabilizes formation of VP40 oligomers necessary for viral assembly and budding. Quercetin, a natural product that lowers PI(4,5)P2 in the plasma membrane, inhibited budding of VP40 VLPs and may inform future treatment strategies against EBOV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budicini, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstman, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapagain, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahelin, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/341248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PI(4,5)P2 Binding Sites in the Ebola Virus Matrix Protein Modulate Assembly and Budding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/343913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic discovery of uncharacterized transcription factors in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/343913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulation enables cells to respond to environmental changes. Yet, among the estimated 304 candidate transcription factors (TFs) in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, 185 have been experimentally identified and only a few tens of them have been fully characterized by ChIP methods. Understanding the remaining TFs is key to improving our knowledge of the E. coli transcriptional regulatory network (TRN). Here, we developed an integrated workflow for the computational prediction and comprehensive experimental validation of TFs using a suite of genome-wide experiments. We applied this workflow to: 1) identify 16 candidate TFs from over a hundred candidate uncharacterized genes; 2) capture a total of 255 DNA binding peaks for 10 candidate TFs resulting in six high-confidence binding motifs; 3) reconstruct the regulons of these 10 TFs by determining gene expression changes upon deletion of each TF; and 4) determine the regulatory roles of three TFs (YiaJ, YdcI, and YeiE) as regulators of L-ascorbate utilization, proton transfer and acetate metabolism, and iron homeostasis under iron limited condition, respectively. Together, these results demonstrate how this workflow can be used to discover, characterize, and elucidate regulatory functions of uncharacterized TFs in parallel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabimoldayev, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drager, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/343913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic discovery of uncharacterized transcription factors in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Evolution of White Matter Microstructural Changes After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal DTI and NODDI Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging biomarkers show promise for improving precision diagnosis and prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but none has yet been adopted in routine clinical practice. Biophysical modeling of multishell diffusion MRI, using the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) framework, may improve upon conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in revealing subtle patterns of underlying white matter microstructural pathology, such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and neuroinflammation, that are important for detecting mTBI and determining patient outcome. With a cross-sectional and longitudinal design, we assessed structural MRI, DTI and NODDI in 40 mTBI patients at 2 weeks and 6 months after injury and 14 matched control participants with orthopedic trauma but not suffering from mTBI at 2 weeks. Self-reported and performance-based cognitive measures assessing postconcussive symptoms, memory, executive functions and processing speed were investigated in post-acute and chronic phase after injury for the mTBI subjects. Machine learning analysis was used to identify mTBI patients with the best neuropsychological improvement over time and relate this outcome to DTI and NODDI biomarkers. In the cross-sectional comparison with the trauma control group at 2 weeks post-injury, mTBI patients showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) on DTI mainly in anterior tracts that corresponded to white matter regions of elevated free water fraction (FISO) on NODDI, signifying vasogenic edema. Patients showed decreases from 2 weeks to 6 months in white matter neurite density on NODDI, predominantly in posterior tracts. No significant longitudinal changes in DTI metrics were observed. The machine learning analysis divided the mTBI patients into two groups based on their recovery. Voxel-wise group comparison revealed associations between white matter orientation dispersion index (ODI) and FISO with degree and trajectory of improvement within the mTBI group. In conclusion, white matter FA and MD alterations early after mTBI might reflect vasogenic edema, as shown by elevated free water on NODDI. Longer-term declines in neurite density on NODDI suggest progressive axonal degeneration due to DAI, especially in tracts known to be integral to the structural connectome. Overall, these results show that the NODDI parameters appear to be more sensitive to longitudinal changes than DTI metrics. Thus, NODDI merits further study in larger cohorts for mTBI diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palacios, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuh, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vassar, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Arrastia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacino, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okonkwo, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temkin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCrea, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mac Donald, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TRACK-TBI Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/345629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Evolution of White Matter Microstructural Changes After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal DTI and NODDI Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/346551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prognostic Relevance of CCDC88C (Daple) Transcripts in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Malignant Melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/346551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A loss of balance between G-protein activation and deactivation has been implicated in the initiation of melanomas, and non-canonical Wnt signaling via the Wnt5A/Frizzled (FZD) pathway has been shown to be critical for the switch to an invasive phenotype. Daple [CCDC88C gene], a cytosolic guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which enhances non-canonical Wnt5A/FZD signaling via activation of trimeric G protein, Gai has been shown to serve opposing roles-- as an inducer of EMT and invasiveness and a potent tumor suppressor -- via two isoforms, V1 (full-length) and V2, respectively. Here we report that the relative abundance of these isoforms in the peripheral circulation, presumably largely from circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is a prognostic marker of cutaneous melanomas. Expression of V1 is increased in both the early and late clinical stages (p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively); V2 is decreased exclusively in the late clinical stage (p=0.011). The two isoforms have opposing prognostic effects: high expression of V2 increases progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.02), whereas high expression of V1 decreases PFS (p=0.013). Furthermore, these effects are additive, in that melanoma patients with a low V2-high V1 signature carry the highest risk of metastatic disease. We conclude that detection of Daple transcripts in the peripheral blood (i.e., liquid biopsies) of patients with melanoma may serve as a prognostic marker and an effective strategy for non-invasive long-term follow-up of patients with melanoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dunkel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aznar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millward, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/346551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prognostic Relevance of CCDC88C (Daple) Transcripts in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Malignant Melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/347716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Tracks Molecular Changes in Raw and Processed Foods and Beverages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/347716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major aspect of our daily lives is the need to acquire, store and prepare our food. Storage and preparation can have drastic effects on the compositional chemistry of our foods, but we have a limited understanding of the temporal nature of processes such as storage, spoilage, fermentation and brewing on the chemistry of the foods we eat. Here, we performed a temporal analysis of the chemical changes in foods during common household preparations using untargeted mass spectrometry and novel data analysis approaches. Common treatments of foods such as home fermentation of yogurt, brewing of tea, spoilage of meats and ripening of tomatoes altered the chemical makeup through time, through both chemical and biological processes. For example, brewing tea altered its composition by increasing the diversity of molecules, but this change was halted after 4 min of brewing. The results indicate that this is largely due to differential extraction of the material from the tea and not modification of the molecules during the brewing process. This is in contrast to the preparation of yogurt from milk, spoilage of meat and the ripening of tomatoes where biological transformations directly altered the foods molecular composition. Comprehensive assessment of chemical changes using multivariate statistics showed the varied impacts of the different food treatments, while analysis of individual chemical changes show specific alterations of chemical families in the different food types. The methods developed here represent novel approaches to studying the changes in food chemistry that can reveal global alterations in chemical profiles and specific transformations at the chemical level.nnO_LSTHighlightsC_LSTO_LIWe created a reference data set for tomato, milk to yogurt, tea, coffee, turkey and beef.nC_LIO_LIWe show that normal preparation and handling affects the molecular make-up.nC_LIO_LITea preparation is largely driven by differential extraction.nC_LIO_LIFormation of yogurt involves chemical transformations.nC_LIO_LIThe majority of meat molecules are not altered in 5 days at room temperature.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aceves, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almaliti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouslimani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campeau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demko, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Ottavio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elijah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina-Santiago, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oom, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikora, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ul-Hasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/347716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Tracks Molecular Changes in Raw and Processed Foods and Beverages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/350991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Memote: A community-driven effort towards a standardized genome-scale metabolic model test suite 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/350991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several studies have shown that neither the formal representation nor the functional requirements of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are precisely defined. Without a consistent standard, comparability, reproducibility, and interoperability of models across groups and software tools cannot be guaranteed.nnHere, we present memote (https://github.com/opencobra/memote) an open-source software containing a community-maintained, standardized set of metabolic model tests. The tests cover a range of aspects from annotations to conceptual integrity and can be extended to include experimental datasets for automatic model validation. In addition to testing a model once, memote can be configured to do so automatically, i.e., while building a GEM. A comprehensive report displays the models performance parameters, which supports informed model development and facilitates error detection.nnMemote provides a measure for model quality that is consistent across reconstruction platforms and analysis software and simplifies collaboration within the community by establishing workflows for publicly hosted and version controlled models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lieven, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beber, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babaei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blank, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diener, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dräger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebert, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edirisinghe, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, R. M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Helvoirt, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermjakob, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrgard, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehorst, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klamt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klipp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Novere, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahadevan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardinoglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medlock, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogales, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nookaew, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resendis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/350991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Memote: A community-driven effort towards a standardized genome-scale metabolic model test suite]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining Inflammatory Cell States in Rheumatoid Arthritis Joint Synovial Tissues by Integrating Single-cell Transcriptomics and Mass Cytometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To define the cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) driving joint inflammation, we applied single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), mass cytometry, bulk RNA-seq, and flow cytometry to sorted T cells, B cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts from 51 synovial tissue RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patient samples. Utilizing an integrated computational strategy based on canonical correlation analysis to 5,452 scRNA-seq profiles, we identified 18 unique cell populations. Combining mass cytometry and transcriptomics together revealed cell states expanded in RA synovia: THY1+HLAhigh sublining fibroblasts (OR=33.8), IL1B+ pro-inflammatory monocytes (OR=7.8), CD11c+T-bet+ autoimmune-associated B cells (OR=5.7), and PD-1+Tph/Tfh (OR=3.0). We also defined CD8+ T cell subsets characterized by GZMK+, GZMB+, and GNLY+ expression. Using bulk and single-cell data, we mapped inflammatory mediators to source cell populations, for example attributing IL6 production to THY1+HLAhigh fibroblasts and naive B cells, and IL1B to pro-inflammatory monocytes. These populations are potentially key mediators of RA pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slowikowski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseka, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabechian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomon-Escoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, G. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apruzzese, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieb, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelin, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Accelerating Medicines Partnership: RA Phase 1,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AMP RA/SLE,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyce, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiCarlo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravallese, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregersen, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusbaum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lederer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitzalis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holers, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bykerk, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donlin, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anolik, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/351130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining Inflammatory Cell States in Rheumatoid Arthritis Joint Synovial Tissues by Integrating Single-cell Transcriptomics and Mass Cytometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-scale reconstructions of the mammalian secretory pathway predict metabolic costs and limitations of protein secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammalian cells, >25% of synthesized proteins are exported through the secretory pathway. The pathway complexity, however, obfuscates its impact on the secretion of different proteins. Unraveling its impact on diverse proteins is particularly important for biopharmaceutical production. Here we delineate the core secretory pathway functions and integrate them with genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of human, mouse, and Chinese hamster cells. The resulting reconstructions enable the computation of energetic costs and machinery demands of each secreted protein. By integrating additional omics data, we find that highly secretory cells have adapted to reduce expression and secretion of other expensive host cell proteins. Furthermore, we predict metabolic costs and maximum productivities of biotherapeutic proteins and identify protein features that most significantly impact protein secretion. Finally, the model successfully predicts the increase in secretion of a monoclonal antibody after silencing a highly expressed selection marker. This work represents a knowledgebase of the mammalian secretory pathway that serves as a novel tool for systems biotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feizi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallehauge, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grav, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hizal, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betenbaugh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kildegaard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/351387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-scale reconstructions of the mammalian secretory pathway predict metabolic costs and limitations of protein secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allele-specific NKX2-5 binding underlies multiple genetic associations with human EKG traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variation affecting the binding of transcription factors (TFs) has been proposed as a major mechanism underlying susceptibility to common disease. NKX2-5, a key cardiac development TF, has been associated with electrocardiographic (EKG) traits through GWAS, but the extent to which differential binding of NKX2-5 contributes to these traits has not yet been studied. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic and epigenomic data generated from iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte lines (iPSC-CMs) from seven whole-genome sequenced individuals in a three-generational family. We identified ~2,000 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with allele-specific effects (ASE) on NKX2-5 binding. These ASE-SNVs were enriched for altered TF motifs (both cognate and other cardiac TFs), and were positively correlated with changes in H3K27ac in iPSC-CMs, suggesting they impact cardiac enhancer activity. We found that NKX2-ASE-SNVs were significantly enriched for being heart-specific eQTLs and EKG GWAS variants, suggesting that altered NKX2-5 binding at multiple sites across the genome influences EKG traits. We used a fine-mapping approach to integrate iPSC-CM molecular phenotype data with a GWAS for heart rate, and determined that NKX2-5 ASE variants are likely causal for numerous known, as well as previously unidentified, heart rate loci. Analyzing Hi-C and gene expression data from iPSC-CMs at these heart rate loci, we identified several genes likely to be causally involved in heart rate variability. Our study demonstrates that differential binding of NKX2-5 is a common mechanism underlying genetic association with EKG traits, and shows that characterizing variants associated with differential binding of development TFs in iPSC-derived cell lines can identify novel loci and mechanisms influencing complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBoever, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drees, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/351411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allele-specific NKX2-5 binding underlies multiple genetic associations with human EKG traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/352666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Communication and quorum sensing in non-living mimics of eukaryotic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/352666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells in tissues or biofilms communicate with one another through chemical and mechanical signals to coordinate collective behaviors. Non-living cell mimics provide simplified models of natural systems, however, it has remained challenging to implement communication capabilities comparable to living cells. Here we present a porous artificial cell-mimic containing a nucleus-like DNA-hydrogel compartment that is able to express and display proteins, and communicate with neighboring cell-mimics through diffusive protein signals. We show that communication between cell-mimics allows distribution of tasks, quorum sensing, and cellular differentiation according to local environment. Cell-mimics can be manufactured in large quantities, easily stored, chemically modified, and spatially organized into diffusively connected tissue-like arrangements, offering a means for studying communication in large ensembles of artificial cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niederholtmeyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaggan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/352666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Communication and quorum sensing in non-living mimics of eukaryotic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/352674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PROTEIN-CODING VARIANTS IMPLICATE NOVEL GENES RELATED TO LIPID HOMEOSTASIS CONTRIBUTING TO BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/352674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Body fat distribution is a heritable risk factor for a range of adverse health consequences, including hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. To identify protein-coding variants associated with body fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, we analyzed 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries for discovery and 132,177 independent European-ancestry individuals for validation. We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF[&ge;]5%) and 9 low frequency or rare (MAF<5%) coding variants that have not been reported previously. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses of all associated variants highlight lipid particle, adiponectin level, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology, and bone development and morphology as processes affecting fat distribution and body shape. Furthermore, the cross-trait associations and the analyses of variant and gene function highlight a strong connection to lipids, cardiovascular traits, and type 2 diabetes. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdown crosses, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). By examining variants often poorly tagged or entirely missed by genome-wide association studies, we implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Justice, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaderi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highland, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turcot, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fine, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lempradl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marouli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedantam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfred, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudgal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heard-Costa, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feitosa, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willems, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivapalaratnam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abecasis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amouyel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzumanyan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balkau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastarache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielak, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blüher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeing, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böger,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/352674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PROTEIN-CODING VARIANTS IMPLICATE NOVEL GENES RELATED TO LIPID HOMEOSTASIS CONTRIBUTING TO BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/353425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CDeep3M - Plug-and-Play cloud based deep learning for image segmentation of light, electron and X-ray microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/353425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As biological imaging datasets increase in size, deep neural networks are considered vital tools for efficient image segmentation. While a number of different network architectures have been developed for segmenting even the most challenging biological images, community access is still limited by the difficulty of setting up complex computational environments and processing pipelines, and the availability of compute resources. Here, we address these bottlenecks, providing a ready-to-use image segmentation solution for any lab, with a pre-configured, publicly available, cloud-based deep convolutional neural network on Amazon Web Services (AWS). We provide simple instructions for training and applying CDeep3M for segmentation of large and complex 2D and 3D microscopy datasets of diverse biomedical imaging modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haberl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madany, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peltier, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/353425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CDeep3M - Plug-and-Play cloud based deep learning for image segmentation of light, electron and X-ray microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/354779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TP53 mutations promote immunogenic activity in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/354779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlthough immunotherapy has recently achieved clinical successes in a variety of cancers, thus far there is no any immunotherapeutic strategy for breast cancer (BC). Thus, it is important to discover biomarkers for identifying the BC patients responsive to immunotherapy. TP53 mutations were often associated with worse clinical outcome in BC, of which the triple-negative BC (TNBC) has a high TP53 mutation rate (approximately 80%). TNBC is high-risk due to its high invasiveness, and lack of targeted therapy. To explore a potentially promising therapeutic option for the TP53-mutated BC subtype, we studied the associations between TP53 mutations and immunogenic activity in BC.nnMethodsWe compared enrichment levels of 26 immune gene-sets that indicated activities of diverse immune cells, functions, and pathways between TP53-mutated and TP53-wildtype BCs based on two large-scale BC multi-omics data. Moreover, we explored the molecular cues that were associated with the differences in immunogenic activity between TP53-mutated and TP53-wildtype BCs. Furthermore, we performed experimental validation of the findings from bioinformatics analysis.nnResultsWe found that almost all analyzed immune gene-sets had significantly higher enrichment levels in TP53-mutated BCs compared to TP53-wildtype BCs. Moreover, our experiments confirmed that mutant p53 could increase BC immunogenicity. Furthermore, our computational and experimental results showed that TP53 mutations could promote BC immunogenicity via regulation of the p53-mediated pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis, Wnt, Jak-STAT, NOD-like receptor, and glycolysis. Interestingly, we found that elevated immune activities were likely to be associated with better survival prognosis in TP53-mutated BCs, but not necessarily in TP53-wildtype BCs.nnConclusionsTP53 mutations promote immunogenic activity in breast cancer. This finding demonstrates a different effect of p53 dysfunction on tumor immunogenicity from that of previous studies, suggesting that the TP53 mutation status could be a useful biomarker for stratifying BC patients responsive to immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/354779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TP53 mutations promote immunogenic activity in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/356741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence that recurrent Group A streptococcus tonsillitis is animmunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant Tfh cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/356741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One Sentence SummaryRecurrent tonsillitis is a multifactorial disease associated with an aberrant tonsillar germinal center response to Group A Streptococcus.nnABSTRACTRecurrent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) tonsillitis (RT) is a common indication for pediatric tonsillectomy.  Strep throat is highly prevalent among children; yet, it is unknown why some children develop RT. To gain insights into this classic childhood disease, we performed phenotypic, genotypic, and functional studies on pediatric GAS RT and non-RT tonsils. We observed significantly smaller germinal centers in GAS RT tonsils, and underrepresentation of GAS-specific germinal center follicular helper (GC Tfh) CD4+ T cells. RT children exhibited reduced antibody responses to GAS virulence factor SpeA. Risk and protective HLA Class II alleles for RT were identified. Finally, SpeA induced granzyme B+ GC Tfh cells in RT tonsils that had capacity to kill B cells. Together, these observations suggest that RT susceptibility can occur due to genetic differences that can result in aberrant GC Tfh cells and poor antibody responses to GAS SpeA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havenar-Daughton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendric, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosales, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaRock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayanand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seumois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layfield, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutress, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottensmeier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindestam Arlehamn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bothwell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brigger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/356741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence that recurrent Group A streptococcus tonsillitis is animmunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant Tfh cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic paralogs control a switch between growth and pathogen resistance in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune genes are under intense pressure from pathogens, which cause these genes to diversify over evolutionary time and become species-specific. Through a forward genetic screen we recently described a C. elegans-specific gene called pals-22 to be a repressor of "Intracellular Pathogen Response" or IPR genes. Here we describe pals-25, which, like pals-22, is a species-specific gene of unknown biochemical function. We identified pals-25 in a screen for suppression of pals-22 mutant phenotypes and found that mutations in pals-25 suppress all known phenotypes caused by mutations in pals-22. These phenotypes include increased IPR gene expression, thermotolerance, and immunity against natural pathogens. Mutations in pals-25 also reverse the reduced lifespan and slowed growth of pals-22 mutants. Transcriptome analysis indicates that pals-22 and pals-25 control expression of genes induced not only by natural pathogens of the intestine, but also by natural pathogens of the epidermis. Indeed, in an independent forward genetic screen we identified pals-22 as a repressor and pals-25 as an activator of epidermal defense gene expression. These phenotypic and evolutionary features of pals-22 and pals-25 are strikingly similar to species-specific R gene pairs in plants that control immunity against co-evolved pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Underwood, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osman, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desjardins, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuomo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkoulas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/357756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic paralogs control a switch between growth and pathogen resistance in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peak p-values and false discovery rate inference in neuroimaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peaks are a mainstay of neuroimage analysis for reporting localization results. The current peak detection procedure in SPM12 requires a pre-threshold for approximating p-values and a false discovery rate (FDR) nominal level for inference. However, the pre-threshold is an undesirable feature, while the FDR level is meaningless if the signal is assumed to be nonzero everywhere. This article provides: 1) a peak height distribution for smooth Gaussian error fields that does not require a screening pre-threshold; 2) a signal-plus-noise model where FDR of peaks can be controlled and properly interpreted. Matlab code for calculation of p-values using the exact peak height distribution is available as an SPM extension.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telschow, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peak p-values and false discovery rate inference in neuroimaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breakdown of spatial coding and neural synchronization in epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporal lobe epilepsy causes significant cognitive deficits in both human patients and rodent models, yet the specific circuit mechanisms that alter cognitive processes remain unknown. There is dramatic and selective interneuron death and axonal reorganization within the hippocampus of both humans and animal models, but the functional consequences of these changes on information processing at the neuronal population level have not been well characterized. To examine spatial representations of epileptic and control mice, we developed a novel wire-free miniature microscope to allow for unconstrained behavior during in vivo calcium imaging of neuronal activity. We found that epileptic mice running on a linear track had severely impaired spatial processing in CA1 within a single session, as place cells were less precise and less stable, and population coding was impaired. Long-term stability of place cells was also compromised as place cells in epileptic mice were highly unstable across short time intervals and completely remapped across a week. Because of the large-scale reorganization of inhibitory circuits in epilepsy, we hypothesized that degraded spatial representations were caused by dysfunctional inhibition. To test this hypothesis, we examined the temporal dynamics of hippocampal interneurons using silicon probes to simultaneously record from CA1 and dentate gyrus during head-fixed virtual navigation. We found that epileptic mice had a profound reduction in theta coherence between the dentate gyrus and CA1 regions and altered interneuron synchronization. In particular, dentate interneurons of epileptic mice had altered phase preferences to ongoing theta oscillations, which decorrelated inhibitory population firing between CA1 and dentate gyrus. To assess the specific contribution of desynchronization on spatial coding, we built a CA1 network model to simulate hippocampal desynchronization. Critically, we found that desynchronized inputs reduced the information content and stability of CA1 neurons, consistent with the experimental data. Together, these results demonstrate that temporally precise intra-hippocampal communication is critical for forming the spatial code and that desynchronized firing of hippocampal neuronal populations contributes to poor spatial processing in epileptic mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shuman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aharoni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavlis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taxidis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javaherian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaba, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shtrahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakhurin, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masmanidis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khakh, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirazi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golshani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breakdown of spatial coding and neural synchronization in epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VPAC1 couples with TRPV4 channel to promote calcium-dependent gastric cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although VPAC1 and its ligand vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are important in gastrointestinal physiology, their involvements in progression of gastrointestinal tumor have not been explored. Here, we found that higher expression of VIP/VPAC1 was observed in gastric cancer compared to the adjacent normal tissues. The increased expression of VIP/VPAC1 in gastric cancer correlated positively with invasion, tumor stage, lymph node, distant metastases, and poor survival. Moreover, high expression of VIP and VPAC1, advanced tumor stage and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors. VPAC1 activation by VIP markedly induced TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ entry, and eventually promoted gastric cancer progression in a Ca2+ signaling-dependent manner. Inhibition of VPAC1 and its signaling pathway could block the progressive responses. VPAC1/TRPV4/Ca2+ signaling in turn enhanced the expression and secretion of VIP in gastric cancer cells, enforcing a positive feedback regulation mechanism. Taken together, our study demonstrate that VPAC1 is significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer and VPAC1/TRPV4/Ca2+ signaling axis could enforce a positive feedback regulation in gastric cancer progression. VIP/VPAC1 may serve as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, T. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carethers, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/360404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VPAC1 couples with TRPV4 channel to promote calcium-dependent gastric cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beauty-in-averageness and its contextual modulations: A Bayesian statistical account 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how humans perceive the likability of high-dimensional "objects" such as faces is an important problem in both cognitive science and AI/ML. Existing models of human preferences generally assume these preferences to be fixed. However, human assessment of facial attractiveness have been found to be highly context-dependent. Specifically, the classical Beauty-in-Averageness (BiA) effect, whereby a face blended from two original faces is judged to be more attractive than the originals, is significantly diminished or reversed when the original faces are recognizable, or when the morph is mixed-race/mixed gender and the attractiveness judgment is preceded by a race/gender categorization. This effect, dubbed Ugliness-in-Averageness (UiA), has previously been attributed to a disfluency account, which is both qualitative and clumsy in explaining BiA. We hypothesize, instead, that these contextual influences on face processing result from the dependence of attractiveness perception on an element of statistical typicality, and from an attentional mechanism that restricts face representation to a task-relevant subset of features, thus redefining typicality within that subspace. Furthermore, we propose a principled explanation of why statistically atypical objects are less likable: they incur greater encoding or processing cost associated with a greater prediction error, when the brain uses predictive coding to compare the actual stimulus properties with those expected from its associated categorical prototype. We use simulations to show our model provides a parsimonious, statistically grounded, and quantitative account of contextual dependence of attractiveness. We also validate our model using experimental data from a gender categorization task. Finally, we make model predictions for a proposed experiment that can disambiguate the previous disfluency account and our statistical typicality theory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryali, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/360651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beauty-in-averageness and its contextual modulations: A Bayesian statistical account]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational modeling of social face perception in humans: Leveraging the active appearance model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Face processing plays a central role in human social life. Humans readily infer social traits (e.g. attractiveness and trustworthiness) from a strangers face. Previous attempts to characterize the facial (physiognomic) features underlying social processing have lacked either systematicity or interpretability. Here, we utilize a statistical framework to tackle this problem, by learning a vector space to represent faces, and a linear mapping from this face space into human social trait judgments. Specifically, we obtain a face space by training the Active Appearance Model on large datasets of face images. Based on human evaluations of numerous social traits on these images, we then use regression to find linear combinations of facial features (what we call Linear Trait Axis, or LTA) that best predict human social judgments. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in overall predictive accuracy - comparable to the best convolutional neural network and better than human prediction of other human ratings. To interpret the LTAs, we regress them against a large repertoire of geometric features. To understand the relationship between the facial features that underlie different social, emotional, and demographic traits, we present a novel "dual space analysis" that characterizes the geometric relationship among LTA vectors. It shows that facial features important for social trait perception are largely distinct from those underlying demographic and emotion perception, contrary to previous suggestions that social trait perception is driven by over-generalization of relatively primitive demographic and emotion perception processes. In addition, we present a novel correlation decomposition analysis that quantifies how correlations in trait judgments (e.g. between attractiveness and babyfacedness) independently arise from (1) shared facial features among traits, and (2) correlation in the distribution of facial features in the human population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryali, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/360776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational modeling of social face perception in humans: Leveraging the active appearance model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ad-Seq, a genome-wide DNA-adduct profiling assay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryCarcinogens form adducts with the DNA which, when not properly repaired, can lead to mutations and drive oncogenesis. The identity, sequence specificity and mutagenicity of most DNA-adducts is however poorly understood and current molecular assays are limited in their scope and scalability. We present a novel genome-wide DNA adduct sequencing (Ad-Seq) assay to map the location of DNA-adducts at single-nucleotide resolution. Ad-Seq enriches for DNA fragments containing nuclease digestion resistant DNA-adducts. The genomic location of the resulting reads is aggregated in a quantitative profile showing the DNA-adduct sequence context. Ad-Seq is quantitative and confirms known specificity of damages from Ultra-Violet light (di-pyrimidine) and cisplatin (AG and GG di-purines). Furthermore, in cells, Ad-Seq profile can be compared to chromatin segments to show that cisplatin associated adducts are depleted in open and active chromatin regions. The Ad-Seq assay can therefore generate a broad DNA signature of DNA damage and, by comparing to mutagen exposure or downstream mutational profile and signatures, be used to improve our understanding of cancer molecular etiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ad-Seq, a genome-wide DNA-adduct profiling assay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Listeria monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread in epithelia is heterogeneous and dominated by rare pioneer bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
L. monocytogenes hijacks host actin to promote its intracellular motility and intercellular spread. While L. monocytogenes virulence hinges on cell-to-cell spread, little is known about the dynamics of bacterial spread in epithelia at a population level. Here, we use live microscopy and statistical modeling to demonstrate that L. monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread proceeds anisotropically in an epithelial monolayer in culture. We show that boundaries of infection foci are irregular and dominated by rare pioneer bacteria that spread farther than the rest. We extend our quantitative model for bacterial spread to show that heterogeneous spreading behavior can improve the chances of creating a persistent L. monocytogenes infection in an actively extruding epithelium. Thus, our results indicate that L. monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread is heterogeneous, and that rare pioneer bacteria determine the frontier of infection foci and may promote bacterial infection persistence in dynamic epithelia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ortega, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriot, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/367797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Listeria monocytogenes cell-to-cell spread in epithelia is heterogeneous and dominated by rare pioneer bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/368597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dorsal Premotor Contributions to Auditory Rhythm Perception: Causal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies of Interval, Tempo, and Phase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/368597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has been suggested that movement planning networks are critical for time perception. The Action Simulation for Auditory Prediction (ASAP) hypothesis proposes that the dorsal auditory stream is involved in predictive beat-based timing through bidirectional interchange between auditory perception and dorsal premotor (dPMC) prediction via parietal regions, as has been supported by brain imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, causal impact of dPMC on time perception has not been tested directly. We used a TMS protocol that down-regulates cortical activity, continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), to test for causal contributions of left dPMC to time perception. Three experiments measured (1) discrete interval timing perception, and relative beat-based musical timing for (2) tempo perception and (3) phase perception. Perceptual acuity was tested pre- and post-cTBS using a test of sub-second interval discrimination and the Adaptive Beat Alignment Test (A-BAT). We show (N = 30) that cTBS down-regulation of left dPMC interferes with interval timing perception and the ability to detect differences in musical tempo, but not phase. Our data support causal involvement of premotor networks in perceptual timing, supporting a causal role of the left dPMC in accurate interval and musical tempo perception, possibly via dorsal stream interactions with auditory cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ross, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iversen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramaniam, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/368597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dorsal Premotor Contributions to Auditory Rhythm Perception: Causal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies of Interval, Tempo, and Phase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/371724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overview of the SAMPL6 host-guest binding affinity prediction challenge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/371724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately predicting the binding affinities of small organic molecules to biological macro-molecules can greatly accelerate drug discovery by reducing the number of compounds that must be synthesized to realize desired potency and selectivity goals. Unfortunately, the process of assessing the accuracy of current computational approaches to affinity prediction against binding data to biological macro-molecules is frustrated by several challenges, such as slow conformational dynamics, multiple titratable groups, and the lack of high-quality blinded datasets. Over the last several SAMPL blind challenge exercises, host-guest systems have emerged as a practical and effective way to circumvent these challenges in assessing the predictive performance of current-generation quantitative modeling tools, while still providing systems capable of possessing tight binding affinities. Here, we present an overview of the SAMPL6 host-guest binding affinity prediction challenge, which featured three supramolecular hosts: octa-acid (OA), the closely related tetra-endo-methyl-octa-acid (TEMOA), and cucurbit[8]uril (CB8), along with 21 small organic guest molecules. A total of 119 entries were received from 10 participating groups employing a variety of methods that spanned from electronic structure and movable type calculations in implicit solvent to alchemical and potential of mean force strategies using empirical force fields with explicit solvent models. While empirical models tended to obtain better performance than first-principle methods, it was not possible to identify a single approach that consistently provided superior results across all host-guest systems and statistical metrics. Moreover, the accuracy of the methodologies generally displayed a substantial dependence on the system considered, emphasizing the need for host diversity in blind evaluations. Several entries exploited previous experimental measurements of similar host-guest systems in an effort to improve their physical-based predictions via some manner of rudimentary machine learning; while this strategy succeeded in reducing systematic errors, it did not correspond to an improvement in statistical correlation. Comparison to previous rounds of the host-guest binding free energy challenge highlights an overall improvement in the correlation obtained by the affinity predictions for OA and TEMOA systems, but a surprising lack of improvement regarding root mean square error over the past several challenge rounds. The data suggests that further refinement of force field parameters, as well as improved treatment of chemical effects (e.g., buffer salt conditions, protonation states) may be required to further enhance predictive accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murkli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeill, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacs, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibb, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chodera, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/371724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overview of the SAMPL6 host-guest binding affinity prediction challenge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/372284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Control of Neuronal Metabolism Through Glucose-Mediated Mitochondrial Transport Regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/372284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells modulate their metabolism by organizing metabolic components in response to varying nutrient availability and energy demands. In the axons of mammalian neurons, mitochondria have been shown to respond to glucose levels by halting active transport preferentially in high glucose regions. Here, we employ quantitative modeling to explore the physical limits on spatial organization of organelles through such regulated stopping of processive motion, as well as the consequences to cellular metabolism. We delineate the role of key parameters, including cellular glucose uptake and consumption rates, that are expected to modulate mitochondrial distribution and metabolic response in spatially varying glucose conditions. Our quantitative estimates indicate that physiological brain glucose levels fall within the limited range necessary for metabolic enhancement, making this a plausible regulatory mechanism for neuronal metabolic flexibility in the presence of spatially heterogeneous glucose. These findings highlight the role of spatial organization in the regulation of neuronal metabolism, while providing a quantitative framework for the establishment of such organization by control of organelle trafficking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/372284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Control of Neuronal Metabolism Through Glucose-Mediated Mitochondrial Transport Regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/374181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-occurring genetic alterations in the RAS pathway promote resistance to MET inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer with a MET exon 14 skipping mutation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/374181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PURPOSEWhile patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring MET exon 14 skipping mutations (METex14) often benefit from MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, clinical benefit is limited by primary and acquired drug resistance. The molecular basis for this resistance remains incompletely understood.nnMETHODSTargeted sequencing analysis was performed on cell-free circulating tumor DNA obtained from 289 patients with advanced-stage METex14-mutated NSCLC.nnRESULTSProminent co-occurring RAS-MAPK pathway gene alterations (e.g. in KRAS, NF1) were detected in NSCLCs with METex14 skipping alterations as compared to EGFR-mutated NSCLCs. There was an association between decreased MET TKI treatment response and RAS-MAPK pathway co-occurring alterations. In a preclinical model expressing a canonical METex14 mutation, KRAS overexpression or NF1 downregulation hyperactivated MAPK signaling to promote MET TKI resistance. This resistance was overcome by co-treatment with crizotinib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib.nnCONCLUSIONOur study provides a genomic landscape of co-occurring alterations in advanced-stage METex14-mutated NSCLC and suggests a potential combination therapy strategy targeting MAPK pathway signaling to enhance clinical outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rotow, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raymond, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanman, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peled, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fece de la Cruz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadres, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcoran, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastian, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starostik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newsom, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivas, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collisson, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoach, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blakely, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bivona, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/374181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-occurring genetic alterations in the RAS pathway promote resistance to MET inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer with a MET exon 14 skipping mutation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/375220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved mechanism for meiotic chromosome organization through self-assembly of a filamentous chromosome axis core 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/375220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The meiotic chromosome axis plays key roles in meiotic chromosome organization and recombination, yet the underlying protein components of this structure are highly diverged. Here, we show that "axis core proteins" from budding yeast (Red1), mammals (SYCP2/SYCP3), and plants (ASY3/ASY4) are evolutionarily related and play equivalent roles in chromosome axis assembly. We first identify motifs in each complex that recruit meiotic HORMADs, the master regulators of meiotic recombination. We next find that axis core complexes form homotetrameric (Red1) or heterotetrameric (SYCP2:SYCP3 and ASY3:ASY4) coiled-coil assemblies that further oligomerize into micron-length filaments. Thus, the meiotic chromosome axis core in fungi, mammals, and plants shares a common molecular architecture and role in axis assembly and recombination control. We propose that the meiotic chromosome axis self-assembles through cooperative interactions between dynamic DNA loop-extruding cohesin complexes and the filamentous axis core, then serves as a platform for chromosome organization, recombination, and synaptonemal complex assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>West, A. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ur, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caballero, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/375220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved mechanism for meiotic chromosome organization through self-assembly of a filamentous chromosome axis core]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A nonlinear simulation framework supports adjusting for age when analyzing BrainAGE. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several imaging modalities, including T1-weighted structural imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI can show chronological age related changes. Employing machine learning algorithms, an individuals imaging data can predict their age with reasonable accuracy. While details vary according to modality, the general strategy is to: 1) extract image-related features, 2) build a model on a training set that uses those features to predict an individuals age, 3) validate the model on a test dataset, producing a predicted age for each individual, 4) define the "Brain Age Gap Estimate" (BrainAGE) as the difference between an individuals predicted age and his/her chronological age, and 5) estimate the relationship between BrainAGE and other variables of interest, and 6) make inferences about those variables and accelerated or delayed brain aging. For example, a group of individuals with overall positive BrainAGE may show signs of accelerated aging in other variables as well. There is inevitably an overestimation of the age of younger individuals and an underestimation of the age of older individuals due to  regression to the mean. The correlation between chronological age and BrainAGE may significantly impact the relationship between BrainAGE and other variables of interest when they are also related to age. In this study, we examine the detectability of variable effects under different assumptions. We use empirical results from two separate datasets [training=475 healthy volunteers, aged 18 - 60 years (259 female); testing=489 participants including people with mood/anxiety, substance use, eating disorders and healthy controls, aged 18 - 56 years (312 female)] to inform simulation parameter selection. Outcomes in simulated and empirical data strongly support the proposal that models incorporating BrainAGE should include chronological age as a covariate. We propose either including age as a covariate in step 5 of the above framework, or employing a multistep procedure where age is regressed on BrainAGE prior to step 5, producing BrainAGE Residualized (BrainAGER) scores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuplicki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tulsa 1000 Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulus, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A nonlinear simulation framework supports adjusting for age when analyzing BrainAGE.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/381848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Episodic Memory Can Replace Active Storage in Visual Working Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/381848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans have remarkable visual long-term memory abilities, capable of storing thousands of objects with significant detail. However, it remains unknown how such memory is utilized during the short-term maintenance of information. Specifically, if people have a previously encoded memory for an item, how does this affect subsequent working memory for that same item? Here, we demonstrate people can quickly and accurately make use of visual long-term memories and therefore maintain less perceptual information actively in working memory. We assessed how much perceptual information is actively maintained in working memory by measuring neural activity during the delay period of a working memory task using electroencephalography. We find that despite maintaining less perceptual information in working memory when long-term memory representations are available, there is no decrement in memory performance. This suggests under certain circumstances people can dynamically disengage working memory maintenance and instead use long-term memories when available. However, this does not mean participants always utilize long-term memory. In a follow-up experiment, we introduced additional perceptual interference into working memory and found participants actively maintained items in working memory even when they had existing long-term memories available. These results clarify the kinds of conditions under which long-term and working memory operate. Specifically, working memory is engaged when new information is encountered or perceptual interference is high. Visual long-term memory may otherwise be rapidly accessed and utilized in lieu of active perceptual maintenance. These data demonstrate the interactions between working memory and long-term memory are more dynamic and fluid than previously thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schurgin, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egeth, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/381848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Episodic Memory Can Replace Active Storage in Visual Working Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TreeN93: a non-parametric distance-based method for inferring viral transmission clusters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryHighly-used methods for identifying transmission clusters of rapidly-evolving pathogens from molecular data require a user-determined distance threshold. The choice of threshold is often motivated by epidemiological information known a priori, which may be unfeasible for epidemics without rich epidemiological information. TreeN93 is a fully non-parametric distance-based method for transmission cluster identification that scales polynomially.nnAvailability and implementationTreeN93 is implemented in Python 3 and is freely available at https://github.com/niemasd/TreeN93/.nnContactniemamoshiri@gmail.com
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/383190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TreeN93: a non-parametric distance-based method for inferring viral transmission clusters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-read amplicon denoising 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-read next generation amplicon sequencing shows promise for studying complete genes or genomes from complex and diverse populations. Current long-read sequencing technologies have challenging error profiles, hindering data processing and incorporation into downstream analyses. Here we consider the problem of how to reconstruct, free of sequencing error, the true sequence variants and their associated frequencies. Called "amplicon denoising", this problem has been extensively studied for short-read sequencing technologies, but current solutions do not appear to generalize well to long reads with high indel error rates. We introduce two methods: one that runs nearly instantly and is very accurate for medium length reads (here ~2.6kb) and high template coverage, and another, slower method that is more robust when reads are very long or coverage is lower.nnOn one real dataset with ground truth, and on a number of simulated datasets, we compare our two approaches to each other and to existing algorithms. We outperform all tested methods in accuracy, with competitive run times even for our slower method.nnFast Amplicon Denoising (FAD) and Robust Amplicon Denoising (RAD) are implemented purely in the Julia scientific computing language, and are hereby released along with a complete toolkit of functions that allow long-read amplicon sequence analysis pipelines to be constructed in pure Julia. Further, we make available a webserver to dramatically simplify the processing of long-read PacBio sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollbrecht, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chernyshev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanst, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavafa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketteringham, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/383794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-read amplicon denoising]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing consensus of context-specific metabolic models by integrating data-inferred cell functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale metabolic models provide a valuable context for analyzing data from diverse high-throughput experimental techniques. Models can quantify the activities of diverse pathways and cellular functions. Since some metabolic reactions are only catalyzed in specific environments, several algorithms exist that build context-specific models. However, these methods make differing assumptions that influence the content and associated predictive capacity of resulting models, such that model content varies more due to methods used than cell types. Here we overcome this problem with a novel framework for inferring the metabolic functions of a cell before model construction. For this, we curated a list of metabolic tasks and developed a framework to infer the activity of these functionalities from transcriptomic data. We protected the data-inferred tasks during the implementation of diverse context-specific model extraction algorithms for 44 cancer cell lines. We show that the protection of data-inferred metabolic tasks decreases the variability of models across extraction methods. Furthermore, resulting models better capture the actual biological variability across cell lines. This study highlights the potential of using biological knowledge, inferred from omics data, to obtain a better consensus between existing extraction algorithms. It further provides guidelines for the development of the next-generation of data contextualization methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/384099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing consensus of context-specific metabolic models by integrating data-inferred cell functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/386441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracting allelic read counts from 250,000 human sequencing runs in Sequence Read Archive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/386441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) contains over one million publicly available sequencing runs from various studies using a variety of sequencing library strategies. These data inherently contain information about underlying genomic sequence variants which we exploit to extract allelic read counts on an unprecedented scale. We reprocessed over 250,000 human sequencing runs (>1000 TB data worth of raw sequence data) into a single unified dataset of allelic read counts for nearly 300,000 variants of biomedical relevance curated by NCBI dbSNP, where germline variants were detected in a median of 912 sequencing runs, and somatic variants were detected in a median of 4,876 sequencing runs, suggesting that this dataset facilitates identification of sequencing runs that harbor variants of interest. Allelic read counts obtained using a targeted alignment were very similar to read counts obtained from whole genome alignment. Analyzing allelic read count data for matched DNA and RNA samples from tumors, we find that RNA-seq can also recover variants identified by WXS, suggesting that reprocessed allelic read counts can support variant detection across different library strategies in SRA. This study provides a rich database of known human variants across SRA samples that can support future meta-analyses of human sequence variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsui, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skola, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/386441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracting allelic read counts from 250,000 human sequencing runs in Sequence Read Archive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived brain pericyte-like cells induce blood-brain barrier properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain pericytes play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the neurovascular unit (NVU), and their dysfunction has been implicated in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. While human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been used to model other components of the NVU including brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), astrocytes, and neurons, cells having brain pericyte-like phenotypes have not been described. In this study, we generated neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), the embryonic precursor to forebrain pericytes, from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and subsequently differentiated NCSCs to brain pericyte-like cells. The brain pericyte-like cells expressed marker profiles that closely resembled primary human brain pericytes, and they self-assembled with endothelial cells to support vascular tube formation. Importantly, the brain pericyte-like cells induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties in BMECs, including barrier enhancement and reduction of transcytosis. Finally, brain pericyte-like cells were incorporated with iPSC-derived BMECs, astrocytes, and neurons to form an isogenic human NVU model that should prove useful for the study of the BBB in CNS health, disease, and therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stebbins, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastfriend, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canfield, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faubion, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palecek, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shusta, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/387100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human pluripotent stem cell-derived brain pericyte-like cells induce blood-brain barrier properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human frontoparietal cortex represents behaviorally-relevant target status during invariant object recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Searching for items that are useful given current goals, or "target" recognition, requires an observer to generalize across identity-preserving transformations such as viewpoint changes, as well as to incorporate contextual information. While past work has found target recognition signals in areas of ventral visual cortex, it is not clear whether these signals support performance on demanding tasks that require invariant, flexible search. Here, we used a task that required subjects to match novel object stimuli based on invariant features (identity and viewpoint). Based on multivariate fMRI analyses, the data suggest that the multiple-demand (MD) network, including sub-regions of parietal and frontal cortex, encodes invariant representations of an objects status as a target. Furthermore, target information in MD regions, but not early or ventral visual cortex, was higher on correct compared to incorrect trials, suggesting a strong link between MD target signals and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henderson, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/387498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human frontoparietal cortex represents behaviorally-relevant target status during invariant object recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/391193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconciling fMRI and EEG indices of attentional modulations in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/391193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) are the two most popular non-invasive methods used to study the neural mechanisms underlying human cognition. These approaches are considered complementary: fMRI has higher spatial resolution but sluggish temporal resolution, whereas EEG has millisecond temporal resolution, but only at a broad spatial scale. Beyond the obvious fact that fMRI measures properties of blood and EEG measures changes in electric fields, many foundational studies assume that, aside from differences in spatial and temporal precision, these two methods index the same underlying neural modulations. We tested this assumption by using EEG and fMRI to measure attentional modulations of neural responses to stimuli of different visual contrasts. We found that equivalent experiments performed using fMRI and EEG on the same participants revealed remarkably different patterns of attentional modulations: event-related fMRI responses provided evidence for an additive increase in responses across all contrasts equally, whereas early stimulus-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) showed larger modulations with increasing stimulus contrast and only a later negative-going ERP and low-frequency oscillatory EEG signals showed effects similar to fMRI. These results demonstrate that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between the physiological mechanisms that give rise to modulations of fMRI responses and the most commonly used ERP markers, and that the typical approach of employing fMRI and EEG to gain complementary information about localization and temporal dynamics is over-simplified. Instead, fMRI and EEG index different physiological modulations and their joint application affords synergistic insights into the neural mechanisms supporting human cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Itthipuripat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/391193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconciling fMRI and EEG indices of attentional modulations in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allele-specific binding of RNA-binding proteins reveals functional genetic variants in the RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/396275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allele-specific protein-RNA binding is an essential aspect that may reveal functional genetic variants influencing RNA processing and gene expression phenotypes. Recently, genome-wide detection of in vivo binding sites of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) is greatly facilitated by the enhanced UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) protocol. Hundreds of eCLIP-Seq data sets were generated from HepG2 and K562 cells during the ENCODE3 phase. These data afford a valuable opportunity to examine allele-specific binding (ASB) of RBPs. To this end, we developed a new computational algorithm, called BEAPR (Binding Estimation of Allele-specific Protein-RNA interaction). In identifying statistically significant ASB sites, BEAPR takes into account UV cross-linking induced sequence propensity and technical variations between replicated experiments. Using simulated data and actual eCLIP-Seq data, we show that BEAPR largely outperforms often-used methods Chi-Squared test and Fishers Exact test. Importantly, BEAPR overcomes the inherent over-dispersion problem of the other methods. Complemented by experimental validations, we demonstrate that ASB events are significantly associated with genetic regulation of splicing and mRNA abundance, supporting the usage of this method to pinpoint functional genetic variants in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Many variants with ASB patterns of RBPs were found as genetic variants with cancer or other disease relevance. About 38% of ASB variants were in linkage disequilibrium with single nucleotide polymorphisms from genome-wide association studies. Overall, our results suggest that BEAPR is an effective method to reveal ASB patterns in eCLIP and can inform functional interpretation of disease-related genetic variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahn, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, E. Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freese, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinones-Valdez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graveley, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burge, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/396275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allele-specific binding of RNA-binding proteins reveals functional genetic variants in the RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet we know little about the specific genetic loci influencing human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants, including structural variants, impacting cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain MRI data from 51,662 individuals. We analysed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specialisations. We identified 255 nominally significant loci (P [&le;] 5 x 10-8); 199 survived multiple testing correction (P [&le;] 8.3 x 10-10; 187 surface area; 12 thickness). We found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci impacting regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signalling pathways, known to influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinsons disease, insomnia, depression and ADHD.nnOne Sentence SummaryCommon genetic variation is associated with inter-individual variation in the structure of the human cortex, both globally and within specific regions, and is shared with genetic risk factors for some neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grasby, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Painter, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colodro-Conde, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bralten, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibar, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzagalli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shatokhina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zsembik, L. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley-Koch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buimer, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bülow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bürger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvy-Duchesne, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Araujo, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zwarte, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/399402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/404558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Planar cell polarity pathway and development of the human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/404558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The radial unit hypothesis provides a framework for global (proliferation) and regional (distribution) expansion of the primate cerebral cortex. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we have identified cortical regions with shared variance in their surface area and cortical thickness, respectively, segmented from magnetic resonance images obtained in 23,800 participants. We then carried out meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies of the first two principal components for each phenotype. For surface area (but not cortical thickness), we have detected strong associations between each of the components and single nucleotide polymorphisms in a number of gene loci. The first (global) component was associated mainly with loci on chromosome 17 (9.5e-32 [&le;] p [&le;] 2.8e-10), including those detected previously as linked with intracranial volume and/or general cognitive function. The second (regional) component captured shared variation in the surface area of the primary and adjacent secondary visual cortices and showed a robust association with polymorphisms in a locus on chromosome 14 containing Disheveled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1; p=2.4e-34). DAAM1 is a key component in the planar-cell-polarity signaling pathway. In follow-up studies, we have focused on the latter finding and established that: (1) DAAM1 is highly expressed between 12th and 22nd post-conception weeks in the human cerebral cortex; (2) genes co-expressed with DAAM1 in the primary visual cortex are enriched in mitochondria-related pathways; and (3) volume of the lateral geniculate nucleus, which projects to regions of the visual cortex staining for cytochrome oxidase (a mitochondrial enzyme), correlates with the surface area of the visual cortex in major-allele homozygotes but not in carriers of the minor allele. Altogether, we speculate that, in concert with thalamocortical input to cortical subplate, DAAM1 enables migration of neurons to cytochrome-oxidase rich regions of the visual cortex, and, in turn, facilitates regional expansion of this set of cortical regions during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roshchupkin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottesmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosley, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornage, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirpamer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazoyer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrion-Castillo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardlaw, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeffler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witte, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villringer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikrum, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pausova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seshadri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/404558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Planar cell polarity pathway and development of the human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social integration predicts mitochondrial DNA copy number in rhesus macaques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/408849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many social mammals, social adversity predicts compromised health and reduced fitness. These effects are thought to be driven in part by chronic social stress, but their molecular underpinnings are not well understood. Recent work suggests that chronic stress can affect mitochondrial copy number, heteroplasmy rates, and function. Here, we tested the first two possibilities, for the first time in nonhuman primates. We manipulated dominance rank in captive female rhesus macaques (n=45), where low rank induces chronic social stress, and measured mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy in five peripheral blood mononuclear cell types from each study subject. We found no effect of dominance rank on either mtDNA copy number or heteroplasmy rates. However, grooming rates, a measure of affiliative social behavior predicted by high social status, was positively associated with mtDNA copy number in B cells, cytotoxic T cells, and monocytes. Our results suggest that social interactions can influence mtDNA regulation in immune cells. Further, they indicate the importance of considering both affiliative and competitive interactions in investigating this relationship.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debray, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder-Mackler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/408849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social integration predicts mitochondrial DNA copy number in rhesus macaques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Determinants of Cortical Structure (Thickness, Surface Area and Volumes) among Disease Free Adults in the CHARGE Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical thickness, surface area and volumes (MRI cortical measures) vary with age and cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. We examined heritability, genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of cortical measures across the whole cortex, and in 34 anatomically predefined regions. Our discovery sample comprised 22,822 individuals from 20 cohorts within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the United Kingdom Biobank. Significant associations were replicated in the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-analysis (ENIGMA) consortium, and their biological implications explored using bioinformatic annotation and pathway analyses. We identified genetic heterogeneity between cortical measures and brain regions, and 161 genome-wide significant associations pointing to wnt/{beta}-catenin, TGF-{beta} and sonic hedgehog pathways. There was enrichment for genes involved in anthropometric traits, hindbrain development, vascular and neurodegenerative disease and psychiatric conditions. These data are a rich resource for studies of the biological mechanisms behind cortical development and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hofer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roshchupkin, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zare, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satizabal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teumer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirpamer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmichael, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Psaty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himali, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maillard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beiser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCarli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witte, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeffler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mather, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schofield, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalamuthu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trollor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/409649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Determinants of Cortical Structure (Thickness, Surface Area and Volumes) among Disease Free Adults in the CHARGE Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAPS: model-based analysis of long-range chromatin interactions from PLAC-seq and HiChIP experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) have been combined to identify long-range chromatin interactions genome-wide at reduced cost and enhanced resolution, but extracting the information from the resulting datasets has been challenging. Here we describe a computational method, MAPS, Model-based Analysis of PLAC-seq and HiChIP, to process the data from such experiments and identify long-range chromatin interactions. MAPS adopts a zero-truncated Poisson regression framework to explicitly remove systematic biases in the PLAC-seq and HiChIP datasets, and then uses the normalized chromatin contact frequencies to identify significant chromatin interactions anchored at genomic regions bound by the protein of interest. MAPS shows superior performance over existing software tools in analysis of chromatin interactions centered on cohesin, CTCF and H3K4me3 associated regions in multiple cell types. MAPS is freely available at https://github.com/ijuric/MAPS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juric, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raviram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/411835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAPS: model-based analysis of long-range chromatin interactions from PLAC-seq and HiChIP experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/414912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory evolution reveals a two-dimensional rate-yield tradeoff in microbial metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/414912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growth rate and yield are fundamental features of micro-bial growth. However, we lack a mechanistic and quantita-tive understanding of the rate-yield relationship. Studies pairing computational predictions with experiments have shown the importance of maintenance energy and proteome allocation in explaining rate-yield tradeoffs and overflow metabolism. Recently, adaptive evolution experiments of Es-cherichia coli reveal a phenotypic diversity beyond what has been explained using simple models of growth rate versus yield. Here, we identify a two-dimensional rate-yield trade-off in adapted E. coli strains where the dimensions are (A) a tradeoff between growth rate and yield and (B) a tradeoff between substrate (glucose) uptake rate and growth yield. We employ a multi-scale modeling approach, combining a previously reported coarse-grained small-scale proteome allocation model with a fine-grained genome-scale model of metabolism and gene expression (ME-model), to develop a quantitative description of the full rate-yield relationship for E. coli K-12 MG1655. The multi-scale analysis resolves the complexity of ME-model which hindered its practical use in proteome complexity analysis, and provides a mecha-nistic explanation of the two-dimensional tradeoff. Further, the analysis identifies modifications to the P/O ratio and the flux allocation between glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway as potential mechanisms that enable the tradeoff between glucose uptake rate and growth yield. Thus, the rate-yield tradeoffs that govern microbial adaptation to new environments are more complex than previously reported, and they can be understood in mechanistic detail using a multi-scale modeling approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'brien, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utrilla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaCroix, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/414912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory evolution reveals a two-dimensional rate-yield tradeoff in microbial metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active protein neddylation or ubiquitylation is dispensable for stress granule dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many protein homeostasis stressors induce the formation of membraneless cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) that contain large assemblies of repressed mRNAs and associated RNA binding proteins. Similar stressors have been shown to globally alter the function of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) resulting in the accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that ubiquitin and specific UPS components co-localize with SGs and that reducing the abundance or activity of ubiquitin pathway proteins can inhibit SG formation. These studies suggest that SG dynamics and composition may be regulated by ubiquitylation of SG resident proteins. Using ubiquitin-specific proteomic approaches, we demonstrate that many proteins, including some SG proteins are dynamically ubiquitylated upon SG-inducing sodium arsenite treatment. We utilized potent and selective inhibitors of the ubiquitin activating enzyme (UAE) or the NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) to directly test if active protein ubiquitylation or neddylation was required for SG dynamics. Using ubiquitin-site specific proteomics, we establish that UAE inhibition results in the rapid loss of nearly all protein ubiquitylation regardless of ubiquitin chain type. Addition of UAE or NAE inhibitors to cells did not alter arsenite-induced SG formation or dissolution. While we confirmed that ubiquitin co-localizes with both sodium arsenite and thapsigargin-induced SGs, antibodies that recognize all forms of ubiquitin more strongly co-localize with SGs compared to antibodies that preferentially recognize polyubiquitin or specific polyubiquitin-linkages. Interestingly, ubiquitin itself co-localizes with SGs in a UAE independent manner suggesting that the ubiquitin present within SGs is likely unconjugated ubiquitin. Our findings clearly demonstrate that active protein ubiquitylation or neddylation is not required for SG dynamics. These results suggest that ubiquitin-binding SG proteins may recruit free ubiquitin into SGs to modulate SG protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markmiller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/418848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active protein neddylation or ubiquitylation is dispensable for stress granule dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study provides insight into effector genes and molecular mechanisms for kidney function and highlights a causal effect on kidney-specific disease aetiologies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects [~]10% of the global population, with considerable ethnic differences in prevalence and aetiology. We assembled genome-wide association studies (GWAS)1-3 of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function that defines CKD, in 312,468 individuals from four ancestry groups. We identified 93 loci (20 novel), which were delineated to 127 distinct association signals. These signals were homogenous across ancestries, and were enriched for protein-coding exons, kidney-specific histone modifications, and transcription factor binding sites for HDAC2 and EZH2. Fine-mapping revealed 40 high-confidence variants driving eGFR associations and highlighted potential causal genes with cell-type specific expression in glomerulus, and proximal and distal nephron. Mendelian randomisation (MR) supported causal effects of eGFR on overall and cause-specific CKD, kidney stone formation, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and hypertension. These results define novel molecular mechanisms and effector genes for eGFR, offering insight into clinical outcomes and routes to CKD treatment development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Most, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadkarni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valladares-Salgado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wacher-Rodarte, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mychaleckyj, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueker, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haessler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamatani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stilp, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnlov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanton, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Borst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottinger, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charchar, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eales, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gharavi, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giedraitis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiryluk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindgren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papanicolaou, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffel, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study provides insight into effector genes and molecular mechanisms for kidney function and highlights a causal effect on kidney-specific disease aetiologies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Split-miniSOG for detecting and localizing intracellular protein-protein interactions: application to correlated light and electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A protein complementation assay (PCA) for detecting and localizing intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs) was built by bisection of miniSOG, a fluorescent flavoprotein derived from the light, oxygen, voltage (LOV)-2 domain of Arabidopsis phototropin. When brought together by interacting proteins, the fragments reconstitute a functional reporter that permits tagged protein complexes to be visualized by fluorescence light microscopy (LM), and then by standard as well as "multicolor" electron microscopy (EM) imaging methods via the photooxidation of 3-3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and its lanthanide-conjugated derivatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BOASSA, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lev-Ram, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsien, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Split-miniSOG for detecting and localizing intracellular protein-protein interactions: application to correlated light and electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combating viral contaminants in CHO cells by engineering STAT1 mediated innate immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral contamination in biopharmaceutical manufacturing can lead to shortages in the supply of critical therapeutics. To facilitate the protection of bioprocesses, we explored the basis for the susceptibility of CHO cells, the most commonly used cell line in biomanufacturing, to RNA virus infection. Upon infection with certain ssRNA and dsRNA viruses, CHO cells fail to generate a significant interferon (IFN) response. Nonetheless, the downstream machinery for generating IFN responses and its antiviral activity is intact in these cells: treatment of cells with exogenously-added type I IFN or poly I:C prior to infection limited the cytopathic effect from Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Reovirus-3 virus (Reo-3) in a STAT1-dependent manner. To harness the intrinsic antiviral mechanism, we used RNA-Seq to identify two upstream repressors of STAT1: Gfi1 and Trim24. By knocking out these genes, the engineered CHO cells exhibited increased resistance to the prototype RNA viruses tested. Thus, omics-guided engineering of mammalian cell culture can be deployed to increase safety in biotherapeutic protein production among many other biomedical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghazi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmeisser, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen Bjorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combating viral contaminants in CHO cells by engineering STAT1 mediated innate immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cortico- Basal Ganglia Model for choosing an optimal rehabilitation strategy in Hemiparetic Stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To facilitate the selection of an optimal therapy for a stroke patient with upper extremity hemiparesis, we propose a cortico-basal ganglia model capable of performing reaching tasks under normal and stroke conditions. The model contains two hemispherical systems, each organized into an outer sensory-motor cortical loop and an inner basal ganglia (BG) loop, controlling their respective hands. In addition to constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT), the model performs both unimanual and bimanual reaching tasks and the simulation results are in congruence with the experiment conducted by Rose et al (2004). Based on our study on the effect of lesion size on arm performance, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of a therapy could greatly depend on this factor. By virtue of the models ability to capture the experimental results effectively, we believe that it can serve as a benchmark for the development and testing of various rehabilitation strategies for stroke.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanamurthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elango, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cortico- Basal Ganglia Model for choosing an optimal rehabilitation strategy in Hemiparetic Stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Sparse Unreliable Distributed Code Underlies the Limits of Behavioral Discrimination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cortical code that underlies perception must enable subjects to perceive the world at timescales relevant for behavior. We find that mice can integrate visual stimuli very quickly (<100 ms) to reach plateau performance in an orientation discrimination task. To define features of cortical activity that underlie performance at these timescales, we measured single unit responses in the mouse visual cortex at timescales relevant to this task. In contrast to high contrast stimuli of longer duration, which elicit reliable activity in individual neurons, stimuli at the threshold of perception elicit extremely sparse and unreliable responses in V1 such that the activity of individual neurons do not reliably report orientation. Integrating information across neurons, however, quickly improves performance. Using a linear decoding model, we estimate that integrating information over 50-100 neurons is sufficient to account for behavioral performance. Thus, at the limits of perception the visual system is able to integrate information across a relatively small number of highly unreliable single units to generate reliable behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sriram, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz-Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinagel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/424713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Sparse Unreliable Distributed Code Underlies the Limits of Behavioral Discrimination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation during adolescence: Sex differences inacute thermoregulatory tolerance and in feeding during adulthood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adolescents are regularly exposed to {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) via smoking, and, more recently, vaping, cannabis / extracts. Growing legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes, combined with decreasing perceptions of harm, makes it increasingly important to determine the consequences of frequent adolescent exposure for motivated behavior and lasting tolerance in response to THC. Male and female rats inhaled THC vapor, or that from the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle, twice daily for 30 minutes from postnatal day (PND) 35-39 and PND 42-45 using an e-cigarette system. Thermoregulatory responses to vapor inhalation were assessed by radio-telemetry during adolescence and from PND 86-94; chow intake was assessed in adulthood. Blood samples were obtained from additional adolescent groups following initial THC inhalation and after four days of twice daily exposure. Additional groups exposed repeatedly to THC or PG during adolescence were evaluated for intravenous self-administration of oxycodone as adults. Female, not male, adolescents developed tolerance to the hypothermic effects of THC inhalation in the first week of repeated exposure despite similar plasma THC levels. Each sex exhibited tolerance to THC hypothermia in adulthood after repeated adolescent THC with THC greater potency exhibited in females. Repeated-THC male rats consumed more food than their PG treated control group, in the absence of a significant bodyweight difference. Adolescent THC did not alter oxycodone self-administration in either sex, but increased fentanyl self-administration in females. Repeated THC vapor inhalation in adolescent rats results in lasting consequences observable in adulthood.nnAbbreviationsPG, propylene glycol; THC, {Delta}9tetrahydrocannabinol;
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor inhalation during adolescence: Sex differences inacute thermoregulatory tolerance and in feeding during adulthood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing metabolic network dynamics through time-series metabolomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/426106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New technologies have given rise to an abundance of -omics data, particularly metabolomics data. The scale of these data introduces new challenges for the interpretation and extraction of knowledge, requiring the development of new computational visualization methodologies. Here, we present a new method for the visualization of time-course metabolomics data within the context of metabolic network maps. We demonstrate the utility of this method by examining previously published data for two cellular systems--the human platelet and erythrocyte under cold storage for use in transfusion medicine.nnThe results comprise two animated videos that allow for new insights into the metabolic state of both cell types. In the case study of the platelet metabolome during storage, the new visualization technique elucidates a nicotinamide accumulation which mirrors that of hypoxanthine and might, therefore, reflect similar pathway usage. This visual analysis provides a possible explanation for why the salvage reactions in purine metabolism exhibit lower activity during the first few days of the storage period. The second case study displays drastic changes in specific erythrocyte metabolite pools at different times during storage at different temperatures.nnIn conclusion, this new visualization technique introduced in this article constitutes a well-suitable approach for large-scale network exploration and advances hypothesis generation. This method can be applied to any system with data and a metabolic map to promote visualization and understand physiology at the network level. More broadly, we hope that our approach will provide the blueprints for new visualizations of other longitudinal -omics data types.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYProfiling the dynamic state of a metabolic network through the use of time-course metabolomics technologies allows insights into cellular biochemistry. Interpreting these data together at the systems level provides challenges that can be addressed through the development of new visualization approaches. Here, we present a new method for the visualization of time-course metabolomics data that integrates data into an existing metabolic network map. In brief, the metabolomics data are visualized directly on a network map with dynamic elements (nodes that either change size, fill level, or color corresponding with the concentration) while the user controls the time series (i.e., which time point is being displayed) through a graphical interface. We provide short videos that illustrate the utility of this method through its application to existing data sets for the human platelet and erythrocyte. The results presented here give blueprints for the development of visualization methods for other time-course -omics data types that attempt to understand systems-level physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buchweitz, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blessing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohler, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzkopf, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannsson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigurjonsson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolfsson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draeger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/426106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing metabolic network dynamics through time-series metabolomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/427252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetric ephaptic inhibition between compartmentalized olfactory receptor neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/427252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the Drosophila antenna, different subtypes of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in the same sensory hair (sensillum) can inhibit each other non-synaptically. However, the mechanisms underlying this unusual form of lateral inhibition remain unclear. Here we use recordings from pairs of sensilla impaled by the same tungsten electrode to prove that direct electrical ("ephaptic") interactions mediate lateral inhibition between ORNs. Intriguingly, within individual sensilla, we find that ephaptic lateral inhibition is asymmetric such that one ORN exerts greater influence onto its neighbor. Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy of genetically identified ORNs and circuit modeling indicate that asymmetric lateral inhibition reflects a surprisingly simple mechanism: the physically larger ORN in a pair corresponds to the dominant neuron in ephaptic interactions. Thus, morphometric differences between compartmentalized ORNs account for highly specialized inhibitory interactions that govern information processing at the earliest stages of olfactory coding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reingruber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/427252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetric ephaptic inhibition between compartmentalized olfactory receptor neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/429001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix components are required to protect Bacillus subtilis colonies from T6SS-dependent Pseudomonas invasion and modulate co-colonization of plant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/429001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria adapt to environmental changes and interact with other microorganisms using a wide array of molecules, metabolic plasticity, secretion systems and the formation of biofilms. Some research has looked at changes in the expression of biofilm related genes during interactions between different bacterial species, however no studies have directly demonstrated the functional significance of biofilms in modulating such interactions. In this study, we have explored this fundamental question by studying the interaction between Bacillus subtilis 3610 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606. We demonstrate the important role of the extracellular matrix in protecting B. subtilis colonies from infiltration by Pseudomonas. Surprisingly, we find that the Pseudomonas type VI secretion system (T6SS) is required in the cell-to-cell contact with matrix-impaired B. subtilis cells, revealing a novel role for T6SS against Gram-positive bacteria. In response to P. chlororaphis infiltration, we find that B. subtilis activates sporulation and expresses motility-related genes. Experiments using plant organs demonstrate the functional importance of these different bacterial strategies in their coexistence as stable bacterial communities. The findings described here further our understanding of the functional role played by biofilms in mediating bacterial social interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molina-Santiago, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berlanga-Clavero, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazorla, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vicente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/429001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular matrix components are required to protect Bacillus subtilis colonies from T6SS-dependent Pseudomonas invasion and modulate co-colonization of plant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Slow delivery immunization enhances HIV neutralizing antibody and germinal center responses via modulation of immunodominance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The observation that humans can produce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 has generated enthusiasm about the potential for a bnAb vaccine against HIV-1. Conventional immunization strategies will likely be insufficient for the development of a bnAb HIV vaccine and vaccines to other difficult pathogens, due to the significant immunological hurdles posed, including B cell immunodominance and germinal center (GC) quantity and quality. Using longitudinal lymph node fine needle aspirates, we found that two independent methods of slow delivery immunization of rhesus macaques (RM) resulted in larger GCs, more robust and sustained GC Tfh cell responses, and GC B cells with improved Env-binding, which correlated with the development of ~20 to 30-fold higher titers of tier 2 HIV-1 nAbs. Using a new RM genomic immunoglobulin loci reference sequence, we identified differential IgV gene usage between slow delivery immunized and conventional bolus immunized animals. The most immunodominant IgV gene used by conventionally immunized animals was associated with many GC B cell lineages. Ab mapping of those GC B cell specificities demonstrated targeting of an immunodominant non-neutralizing trimer base epitope, while that response was muted in slow delivery immunized animals. Thus, alternative immunization strategies appear to enhance nAb development by altering GCs and modulating immunodominance of non-neutralizing epitopes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cirelli, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnathan, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Upadhyay, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enemuo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gebru, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viviano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauthner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastidas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolabaugh, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosette, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokatlian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulp, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosinger, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schief, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvestri, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvine, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Slow delivery immunization enhances HIV neutralizing antibody and germinal center responses via modulation of immunodominance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
INSTRAL: Discordance-aware Phylogenetic Placement using Quartet Scores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenomic analyses have increasingly adopted species tree reconstruction using methods that account for gene tree discordance using pipelines that require both human effort and computational resources. As the number of available genomes continues to increase, a new problem is facing researchers. Once more species become available, they have to repeat the whole process from the beginning because updating species trees is currently not possible. However, the de novo inference can be prohibitively costly in human effort or machine time. In this paper, we introduce INSTRAL, a method that extends ASTRAL to enable phylogenetic placement. INSTRAL is designed to place a new species on an existing species tree after sequences from the new species have already been added to gene trees; thus, INSTRAL is complementary to existing placement methods that update gene trees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabiee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[INSTRAL: Discordance-aware Phylogenetic Placement using Quartet Scores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/433938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TCR-pMHC bond length controls TCR ligand discrimination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/433938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T-cell receptors (TCRs) detect specifically and sensitively a small number of agonist peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) from an ocean of structurally similar self-pMHCs to trigger antigen-specific adaptive immune responses1-4. Despite intense efforts, the mechanism underlying TCR ligand discrimination remains a major unanswered question in immunology. Here we show that a TCR discriminates between closely related peptides by forming TCR-pMHC bonds with different lengths, which precisely control the accessibility of CD3{zeta} immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) for phosphorylation. Using in situ fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)3,5, we measured the intermolecular length of single TCR-pMHC bonds and the intramolecular distance of individual TCR-CD3{zeta} complexes at the membrane of live primary T cells. We found that an agonist forms a short TCR-pMHC bond to pull the otherwise sequestered CD3{zeta} off the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, leading to full exposure of its ITAMs for strong phosphorylation. By contrast, a structurally similar weaker peptide forms a longer bond with the TCR, resulting in partial dissociation of CD3{zeta} from the membrane and weak phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that TCR-pMHC bond length determines 2D TCR binding kinetics and affinity, T-cell calcium signaling and T-cell proliferation, governing the entire process of signal reception, transduction and regulation. Thus, our data reveal the fundamental mechanism by which a TCR deciphers the structural differences between foreign antigens and self-peptides via TCR-pMHC bond length to initiate different TCR signaling for ligand discrimination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/433938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TCR-pMHC bond length controls TCR ligand discrimination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/439489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-allele species reconstruction using ASTRAL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/439489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide phylogeny reconstruction is becoming increasingly common, and one driving factor behind these phylogenomic studies is the promise that the potential discordance between gene trees and the species tree can be modeled. Incomplete lineage sorting is one cause of discordance that bridges population genetic and phylogenetic processes. ASTRAL is a species tree reconstruction method that seeks to find the tree with minimum quartet distance to an input set of inferred gene trees. However, the published ASTRAL algorithm only works with one sample per species. To account for polymorphisms in present-day species, one can sample multiple individuals per species to create multi-allele datasets. Here, we introduce how ASTRAL can handle multi-allele datasets. We show that the quartet-based optimization problem extends naturally, and we introduce heuristic methods for building the search space specifically for the case of multi-individual datasets. We study the accuracy and scalability of the multi-individual version of ASTRAL-III using extensive simulation studies and compare it to NJst, the only other scalable method that can handle these datasets. We do not find strong evidence that using multiple individuals dramatically improves accuracy. When we study the trade-off between sampling more genes versus more individuals, we find that sampling more genes is more effective than sampling more individuals, even under conditions that we study where trees are shallow (median length: {approx} 1Ne) and ILS is extremely high.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabiee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayyari, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/439489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-allele species reconstruction using ASTRAL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring the average power of neural oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeural oscillations are often quantified as average power relative to a cognitive, perceptual, and/or behavioral task. This is commonly done using Fourier-based techniques, such as Welchs method for estimating the power spectral density, and/or by estimating narrowband oscillatory power across trials, conditions, and/or groups. The core assumption underlying these approaches is that the mean is an appropriate measure of central tendency. Despite the importance of this assumption, it has not been rigorously tested.nnNew methodWe introduce extensions of common approaches that are better suited for the physiological reality of how neural oscillations often manifest: as nonstationary, high-power bursts, rather than sustained rhythms. Log-transforming, or taking the median power, significantly reduces erroneously inflated power estimates.nnResultsAnalyzing 101 participants worth of human electrophysiology, totaling 3,560 channels and over 40 hours data, we show that, in all cases examined, spectral power is not Gaussian distributed. This is true even when oscillations are prominent and sustained, such as visual cortical alpha. Power across time, at every frequency, is characterized by a substantial long tail, which implies that estimates of average power are skewed toward large, infrequent high-power oscillatory bursts.nnComparison with existing methodsIn a simulated event-related experiment we show how introducing just a few high-power oscillatory bursts, as seen in real data, can, perhaps erroneously, cause significant differences between conditions using traditional methods. These erroneous effects are substantially reduced with our new methods.nnConclusionsThese results call into question the validity of common statistical practices in neural oscillation research.nnHighlightsO_LIAnalyses of oscillatory power often assume power is normally distributed.nC_LIO_LIAnalyzing >40 hours of human M/EEG and ECoG, we show that in all cases it is not.nC_LIO_LIThis effect is demonstrated in simple simulation of an event-related task.nC_LIO_LIOverinflated power estimates are reduced via log-transformation or median power.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Izhikevich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/441626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring the average power of neural oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/443408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Mechanics at the Rear Act To Steer the Direction of Cell Migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/443408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motile cells navigate complex environments by changing their direction of travel, generating left-right asymmetries in their mechanical subsystems to physically turn. Currently little is known about how external directional cues are propagated along the length scale of the whole cell and integrated with its force-generating apparatus to steer migration mechanically. We examine the mechanics of spontaneous cell turning in fish epidermal keratocytes and find that the mechanical asymmetries responsible for turning behavior predominate at the rear of the cell, where there is asymmetric centripetal actin flow. Using experimental perturbations we identify two linked feedback loops connecting myosin II contractility, adhesion strength and actin network flow in turning cells that are sufficient to recreate observed cell shapes and trajectories in a computational model. Surprisingly, asymmetries in actin polymerization at the cell leading edge play only a minor role in the mechanics of cell turning - that is, cells steer from the rear.nnHighlightsO_LIFish keratocytes can migrate with persistent angular velocity, straight or in circles.nC_LIO_LIAsymmetry in protrusion at the leading edge is not sufficient to generate persistent turning.nC_LIO_LIAsymmetries in myosin II contraction, actin flow and adhesion at the cell rear cause turns.nC_LIO_LIOur new computational model of migration predicts observed cell trajectories.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allen, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnhart, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuchida, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogilner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriot, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/443408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Mechanics at the Rear Act To Steer the Direction of Cell Migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/445874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/445874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Author summarySchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1% world-wide. Most large schizophrenia genetic studies have studied people of primarily European ancestry, potentially missing important biological insights. Here we present a study of East Asian participants (22,778 schizophrenia cases and 35,362 controls), identifying 21 genome-wide significant schizophrenia associations in 19 genetic loci. Over the genome, the common genetic variants that confer risk for schizophrenia have highly similar effects in those of East Asian and European ancestry (rg=0.98), indicating for the first time that the genetic basis of schizophrenia and its biology are broadly shared across these world populations. A fixed-effect meta-analysis including individuals from East Asian and European ancestries revealed 208 genome-wide significant schizophrenia associations in 176 genetic loci (53 novel). Trans-ancestry fine-mapping more precisely isolated schizophrenia causal alleles in 70% of these loci. Despite consistent genetic effects across populations, polygenic risk models trained in one population have reduced performance in the other, highlighting the importance of including all major ancestral groups with sufficient sample size to ensure the findings have maximum relevance for all populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benyamin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamatani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusumawardhani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periyasamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Psychiatric Genomics Consortium - Schizophrenia Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indonesia Schizophrenia Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genetic REsearch on schizophreniA neTwork-China and Netherland (GREAT-CN),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildenauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/445874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/446260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The RNA-binding protein AATF coordinates rRNA maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/446260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AATF is a central regulator of the cellular outcome upon p53 activation, a finding that has primarily been attributed to its function as a transcription factor. Recent data showed that AATF is essential for ribosome biogenesis and plays a role in rRNA maturation. AATF has been implicated to fulfil this role through direct interaction with rRNA and was identified in several RNA-interactome capture experiments. Here, we provide a first comprehensive analysis of the RNA bound by AATF using CLIP-sequencing. Interestingly, this approach shows predominant binding of the 45S pre-ribosomal RNA precursor molecules. Furthermore, AATF binds to mRNAs encoding for ribosome biogenesis factors as well as snoRNAs. These findings are complemented by an in-depth analysis of the protein interactome of AATF containing a large set of proteins known to play a role in rRNA maturation with an emphasis on the protein-RNA-complexes known to be required for the generation of the small ribosomal subunit (SSU). In line with this finding, the binding sites of AATF within the 45S rRNA precursor localize in close proximity to the SSU cleavage sites. Consequently, our multilayer analysis of the protein-RNA interactome of AATF reveals this protein to be an important hub for protein and RNA interactions involved in ribosome biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignarski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frese, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cukoski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaechter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bunte, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommolt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höhne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schermer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzing, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höpker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieterich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, R.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabretti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/446260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The RNA-binding protein AATF coordinates rRNA maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/446666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High stretchability, strength and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/446666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many normal and abnormal physiological processes, including cellular migration during normal development and invasion in cancer metastasis, cells are required to withstand severe deformations. The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells under small deformations has been known to depend on the cytoskeleton including actin filaments (F-actin), microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs). However, it remains unclear how cells resist severe deformations since both F-actin and microtubules fluidize or disassemble under moderate strains. Here, we demonstrate that vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs), a marker of mesenchymal cells, dominate cytoplasmic mechanics at large deformations. Our results show that cytoskeletal VIFs form a stretchable, hyperelastic network. This network works synergistically with other dissipative cytoplasmic components, substantially enhancing the strength, stretchability, resilience and toughness of the living cytoplasm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parada, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/446666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High stretchability, strength and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/450932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homogenization of capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlates with increased oxygen extraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/450932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our understanding of how capillary blood flow and oxygen distribute across cortical layers to meet the local metabolic demand is incomplete. We addressed this question by using two-photon imaging of microvascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) and flow in the whisker barrel cortex in awake mice at rest. Our measurements in layers I-V show that the capillary red-blood-cell flux and oxygenation heterogeneity, and the intracapillary resistance to oxygen delivery, all decrease with depth, reaching a minimum around layer IV, while the depth-dependent oxygen extraction fraction is increased in layer IV, where oxygen demand is presumably the highest. Our findings suggest that homogenization of physiological observables relevant to oxygen transport to tissue is an important part of the microvascular network adaptation to a local brain metabolism increase. These results will inform the biophysical models of layer-specific cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption and improve our understanding of diseases that affect the cerebral microcirculation.nnIMPACT STATEMENTHomogenization of cortical capillary blood flow and oxygenation underpins an important mechanism, by which the microvascular network adapts to an increase in the local brain oxidative metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esipova, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sencan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kılıc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desjardins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaseen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesage, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostergaard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boas, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinogradov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakadzic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/450932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homogenization of capillary flow and oxygenation in deeper cortical layers correlates with increased oxygen extraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/451542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated in vivo quantitative proteomics and nutrient tracing reveals age-related metabolic rewiring of pancreatic β-cell function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/451542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic {beta}-cell physiology changes substantially throughout life; yet, the mechanisms that drive these changes are poorly understood. Here, we performed comprehensive in vivo quantitative proteomic profiling of pancreatic islets from adolescent and one-year-old mice. The analysis revealed striking differences in abundance of enzymes controlling glucose metabolism. We show that these changes in protein abundance are associated with higher activities of glucose metabolic enzymes involved in coupling factor generation as well as increased activity of the coupling factor-dependent amplifying pathway of insulin secretion. Nutrient tracing and targeted metabolomics demonstrated accelerated accumulation of glucose-derived metabolites and coupling factors in islets from one-year-old mice, indicating that age-related changes in glucose metabolism contribute to improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with age. Together, our study provides the first in-depth characterization of age-related changes in the islet proteome and establishes metabolic rewiring as an important mechanism for age-associated changes in {beta}-cell function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wortham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benthuysen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savas, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divakaruni, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/451542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated in vivo quantitative proteomics and nutrient tracing reveals age-related metabolic rewiring of pancreatic β-cell function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal theta bursting and waveform shape reflect CA1 spiking patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain rhythms are nearly always analyzed in the spectral domain in terms of their power, phase, and frequency. While this conventional approach has uncovered spike-field coupling, as well as correlations to normal behaviors and pathological states, emerging work has highlighted the physiological and behavioral importance of multiple novel oscillation features. Oscillatory bursts, for example, uniquely index a variety of cognitive states, and the nonsinusoidal shape of oscillations relate to physiological changes, including Parkinsons disease. Open questions remain regarding how bursts and nonsinusoidal features relate to circuit-level processes, and how they interrelate. By analyzing unit and local field recordings in the rodent hippocampus, we uncover a number of significant relationships between oscillatory bursts, nonsinusoidal waveforms, and local inhibitory and excitatory spiking patterns. Bursts of theta oscillations are surprisingly related to a decrease in pyramidal neuron synchrony, and have no detectable effect on firing sequences, despite significant increases in neuronal firing rates during periods of theta bursting. Theta burst duration is predicted by the asymmetries of its first cycle, and cycle asymmetries relate to firing rate, synchrony, and sequences of pyramidal neurons and interneurons. These results provide compelling physiological evidence that time-domain features, of both nonsinusoidal hippocampal theta waveform and the theta bursting state, reflects local circuit properties. These results point to the possibility of inferring circuit states from local field potential features in the hippocampus and perhaps other brain regions with other rhythms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cole, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/452987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal theta bursting and waveform shape reflect CA1 spiking patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/454249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heritability and genetic variance of dementia with Lewy bodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/454249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent large-scale genetic studies have allowed for the first glimpse of the effects of common genetic variability in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), identifying risk variants with appreciable effect sizes. However, it is currently well established that a substantial portion of the genetic heritable component of complex traits is not captured by genome-wide significant SNPs. To overcome this issue, we have estimated the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic variability (SNP heritability) in DLB using a method that is unbiased by allele frequency or linkage disequilibrium properties of the underlying variants. This shows that the heritability of DLB is nearly twice as high as previous estimates based on common variants only (31% vs 59.9%). We also determine the amount of phenotypic variance in DLB that can be explained by recent polygenic risk scores from either Parkinsons disease (PD) or Alzheimers disease (AD), and show that, despite being highly significant, they explain a low amount of variance. Additionally, to identify pleiotropic events that might improve our understanding of the disease, we performed genetic correlation analyses of DLB with over 200 diseases and biomedically relevant traits. Our data shows that DLB has a positive correlation with education phenotypes, which is opposite to what occurs in AD. Overall, our data suggests that novel genetic risk factors for DLB should be identified by larger GWAS and these are likely to be independent from known AD and PD risk variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guerreiro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escott-Price, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kun-Rodrigues, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orme, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmona, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehghani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eicher, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkkinen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darwent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckman, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troncoso, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pletnikova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansorge, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarimon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lleo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morenas-Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honig, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marder, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemstra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogaeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. George-Hyslop, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Londos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zetterberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barber, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braae, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troakes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Sarraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lashley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compta, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Deerlin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beach, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesage,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/454249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heritability and genetic variance of dementia with Lewy bodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/456491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordinated demethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 is required for rapid inflammatory responses of endothelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/456491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysine 9 di-methylation and lysine 27 tri-methylation of histone H3 (H3K9me2 and H3K27me3) are generally linked to gene repression. However, the functions of repressive histone methylation dynamics during inflammatory responses remain enigmatic. We found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- rapidly induces the co-occupancy of lysine demethylases 7A (KDM7A) and 6A (UTX) with nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-{kappa}B) recruited elements in human endothelial cells. KDM7A and UTX demethylate H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, respectively, and both are required for activation of NF-{kappa}B-dependent inflammatory genes. Chromosome conformation capture-based methods demonstrated increased interactions between TNF--induced super enhancers at NF-{kappa}B-relevant loci, coinciding with KDM7A- and UTX-recruitment. Simultaneous inhibition of KDM7A and UTX significantly reduced leukocyte adhesion in mice, establishing the biological and potential translational relevance of this mechanism. Collectively, these findings suggest that rapid erasure of repressive histone marks by KDM7A and UTX is essential for NF-{kappa}B-dependent regulation of genes that control inflammatory responses of endothelial cells.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIKDM7A and UTX cooperatively control NF-{kappa}B-dependent transcription in vascular endothelial cells.nC_LIO_LIDemethylation of repressive histone marks by KDM7A and UTX is critical for early inflammatory responses.nC_LIO_LIKDM7A and UTX are associated with TNF--induced looping of super enhancers.nC_LIO_LIPharmacological inhibition of KDM7A and UTX reduces leukocyte adhesive interactions with endothelial cells in mice.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>HIGASHIJIMA, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MATSUI, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SHIMAMURA, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TSUTSUMI, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NAKAKI, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ABE, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LINK, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OSAKA, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YOSHIDA, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WATANABE, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TANAKA, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TAGUCHI, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MIURA, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>INOUE, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NANGAKU, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KIMURA, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FURUKAWA, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ABURATANI, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WADA, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GLASS, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KANKI, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/456491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordinated demethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 is required for rapid inflammatory responses of endothelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/456798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Molecular Basis of Monopolin Recruitment to the Kinetochore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/456798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In budding yeast meiosis I, the kinetochores of each sister chromatid pair are fused by the monopolin complex to mediate their monoorientation on the meiosis I spindle, enabling the biorientation and segregation of homologs. Monopolin forms a V-shaped complex with binding sites for the kinetochore protein Dsn1 at the apices of the V, suggesting that monopolin forms a physical bridge between the two sister kinetochores. Here, we reveal the molecular basis of the monopolin-kinetochore interaction and identify the key interfaces required for monopolin function at the kinetochore. The disordered N-terminus of budding-yeast Dsn1 unexpectedly possesses two binding motifs for the monopolin subunit Csm1, encompassing the previously-identified "Box 1" and "Box 2-3" regions of Dsn1. Strikingly, Dsn1 Box 1 and Box 2-3 bind the same conserved hydrophobic cavity on the monopolin complex subunit Csm1, suggesting that they are mutually exclusive for Csm1 binding, yet both regions are critical for monopolin function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis I. We find that Dsn1 Box 1 is an ancestral monopolin-binding motif that is conserved throughout fungi, including in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In contrast, Box 2-3 is found only in species with sequence-defined point centromeres (S. cerevisiae and its close relatives), suggesting that this region contributes specifically to sister kinetochore crosslinking in meiosis I. Finally, we propose that phosphorylation of two conserved serine residues in Box 3 may stabilize monopolin at the kinetochore, providing a potential mechanism for enforcing specific sister kinetochore crosslinking in meiosis I.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plowman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marston, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/456798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Molecular Basis of Monopolin Recruitment to the Kinetochore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The ABCD Study is a collaborative effort, including a Coordinating Center, 21 data acquisition sites across the United States, and a Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC). The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data will provide a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. Here, we describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by the ABCD DAIC in the centralized processing and extraction of neuroanatomical and functional imaging phenotypes. Neuroimaging processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI.nnHighlightsO_LIAn overview of the MRI processing pipeline for the ABCD StudynC_LIO_LIA discussion on the challenges of large, multisite population studiesnC_LIO_LIA methodological reference for users of publicly shared data from the ABCD StudynC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornejo, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjork, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilmer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pung, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sicat, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuperman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heitzeg, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapert, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedel, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Squeglia, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howlett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soules, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz de Leon, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowell, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawes, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodurka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bre</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/457739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/460048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intermittent abstinence potentiates oxycodone self-administration under extended access conditions and alters brain reward sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/460048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and PurposeThe extra-medical use of, and addiction to, prescription opioid analgesics is a growing health problem. To characterize how prescription opioid abuse develops, this study investigated the affective consequences of escalating prescription opioid use using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) reward and oxycodone intravenous self-administration (IVSA) models.

Experimental ApproachMale Wistar rats were given access to oxycodone IVSA (0.15 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) in Short Access (ShA; 1 h) or Long Access (LgA; 12 h) sessions for 5 sessions/week followed by intermittent 60 h discontinuations from drug access, a novel explicit test of the negative reinforcement hypothesis. Separate groups were first trained in the ICSS procedure and then in oxycodone IVSA in 11 h LgA sessions.

Key ResultsRats given LgA to oxycodone escalated their responding more than ShA rats, with further significant increases observed following each 60 h discontinuation. Pre-session brain reward thresholds increased with sequential daily LgA IVSA sessions, consistent with a growing negative affective state consequent to successive daily intoxication/abstinence cycles. A 1 h oxycodone IVSA interval was sufficient to normalize these elevated reward thresholds, as was, paradoxically, a 60 h weekend abstinence. The increase in ICSS thresholds was attenuated in a group treated with the long-acting kappa opioid antagonist norBNI prior to IVSA training.

Conclusions and ImplicationsChanges in brain reward function during escalation of oxycodone self-administration are driven by an interplay between kappa opioid receptor-mediated negative affective state associated with escalated oxycodone intake and dynamic restoration of brain reward status during longer periods of abstinence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/460048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intermittent abstinence potentiates oxycodone self-administration under extended access conditions and alters brain reward sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive mass spectrometry-guided plant specialized metabolite phenotyping reveals metabolic diversity in the cosmopolitan plant family Rhamnaceae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants produce a myriad of specialized metabolites to overcome their sessile habit and combat biotic as well as abiotic stresses. Evolution has shaped specialized metabolite diversity, which drives many other aspects of plant biodiversity. However, until recently, large-scale studies investigating specialized metabolite diversity in an evolutionary context have been limited by the impossibility to identify chemical structures of hundreds to thousands of compounds in a time-feasible manner. Here, we introduce a workflow for large-scale, semi-automated annotation of specialized metabolites, and apply it for over 1000 metabolites of the cosmopolitan plant family Rhamnaceae. We enhance the putative annotation coverage dramatically, from 2.5 % based on spectral library matches alone to 42.6 % of total MS/MS molecular features extending annotations from well-known plant compound classes into the dark plant metabolomics matter. To gain insights in substructural diversity within the plant family, we also extract patterns of co-occurring fragments and neutral losses, so-called Mass2Motifs, from the dataset; for example, only the Ziziphoid clade developed the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, whereas the Rhamnoid clade predominantly developed diversity in flavonoid glycosides, including 7-O-methyltransferase activity. Our workflow provides the foundations towards the automated, high-throughput chemical identification of massive metabolite spaces, and we expect it to revolutionize our understanding of plant chemoevolutionary mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medema, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/463620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive mass spectrometry-guided plant specialized metabolite phenotyping reveals metabolic diversity in the cosmopolitan plant family Rhamnaceae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/468181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteogenomic annotation of the Chinese hamster reveals extensive novel translation events and endogenous retroviral elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/468181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A high quality genome annotation greatly facilitates successful cell line engineering. Standard draft genome annotation pipelines are based largely on de novo gene prediction, homology, and RNA-Seq data. However, draft annotations can suffer from incorrectly predictions of translated sequence, incorrect splice isoforms and missing genes. Here we generated a draft annotation for the newly assembled Chinese hamster genome and used RNA-Seq, proteomics, and Ribo-Seq to experimentally annotate the genome. We identified 4,333 new proteins compared to the hamster RefSeq protein annotation and 2,503 novel translational events (e.g., alternative splices, mutations, novel splices). Finally, we used this pipeline to identify the source of translated retroviruses contaminating recombinant products from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, including 131 type-C retroviruses, thus enabling future efforts to eliminate retroviruses by reducing the costs incurred with retroviral particle clearance. In summary, the improved annotation provides a more accurate platform for guiding CHO cell line engineering, including facilitating the interpretation of omics data, defining of cellular pathways, and engineering of complex phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heffner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hizal, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaerkady, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejwani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meleady, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharfstein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betenbaugh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/468181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteogenomic annotation of the Chinese hamster reveals extensive novel translation events and endogenous retroviral elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exposure to a Healthy Gut Microbiome Protects Against Reproductive and Metabolic Dysregulation in a PCOS Mouse Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Diagnosis requires two of the following: hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and polycystic ovaries. In addition to reproductive dysfunction, many women with PCOS display metabolic abnormalities associated with hyperandrogenism. Recent studies have reported that the gut microbiome is altered in women with PCOS and rodent models of the disorder. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiome plays a causal role in the development and pathology of PCOS. Given its potential role, we hypothesized that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome would protect against development of PCOS. A co-housing study was performed using a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model that recapitulates many reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS. Since mice are coprophagic, co-housing results in repeated, non-invasive inoculation of gut microbes in co-housed mice via the fecal-oral route. In contrast to letrozole-treated mice housed together, letrozole-treated mice co-housed with placebo mice showed significant improvement in both reproductive and metabolic PCOS phenotypes. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed that the gut microbial composition of letrozole-treated mice co-housed with placebo mice differed from letrozole mice housed together. In addition, our analyses identified several bacterial taxa including Coprobacillus, Dorea and Adlercreutzia associated with the improved PCOS phenotype in letrozole-treated mice co-housed with placebo mice. These results indicate that disruption of the gut microbiome may play a causal role in PCOS and that manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for PCOS.nnSignificancePCOS is a common cause of female infertility and ~80% of women with PCOS have metabolic dysregulation that predisposes them to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since treatment options for the metabolic symptoms of PCOS are limited, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic options. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important player in human health and has been shown to play a causal role in obesity. In this study, we found that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome through co-housing protected against the development of reproductive and metabolic dysregulation in a PCOS mouse model. These results suggest that manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for women with PCOS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torres, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/472688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exposure to a Healthy Gut Microbiome Protects Against Reproductive and Metabolic Dysregulation in a PCOS Mouse Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of RNA-dependent interactions in stress granules prevents persistent TDP-43 accumulation in ALS/FTD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human genetic variants are usually represented by four values with variable length: chromosome, position, reference and alternate alleles. Thereis no guarantee that these components are represented in a consistent way across different data sources, and processing variant-based data can be inefficient because four different comparison operations are needed for each variant, three of which are string comparisons. Working with strings, in contrast to numbers, poses extra challenges on computer memory allocation and data-representation. Existing variant identifiers do not typicallyrepresent every possible variant we may be interested in, nor they are directly reversible. To overcome these limitations, VariantKey, a novel reversible numerical encoding schema for human genetic variants, is presented here alongside a multi-language open-source software implementation (http://github.com/genomicspls/variantkey). VariantKey represents variants as single 64 bit numeric entities, while preserving the ability to be searched and sorted by chromosome and position. The individual components of short variants can be directly read back from the VariantKey, while long variants are supported with a fast lookup table.nnHighlightsO_LI~100 compounds identified by high-content screen inhibit SGs in HEK293, NPCs and iPS-MNs.nC_LIO_LIALS-associated RBPs are recruited to SGs in an RNA-dependent mannernC_LIO_LIMolecules with planar moieties prevent recruitment of ALS-associated RBPs to SGsnC_LIO_LICompounds inhibit TDP-43 accumulation in SGs and in TARDBP mutant iPS-MNs.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markmiller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowdle, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushway, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercola, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewcock, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/474577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of RNA-dependent interactions in stress granules prevents persistent TDP-43 accumulation in ALS/FTD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/475384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstitution of eukaryotic chromosomes and manipulation of DNA N6-methyladenine alters chromatin and gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/475384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) has recently been reported in diverse eukaryotes, spanning unicellular organisms to metazoans. Yet the functional significance of 6mA remains elusive due to its low abundance, difficulty of manipulation within native DNA, and lack of understanding of eukaryotic 6mA writers. Here, we report a novel DNA 6mA methyltransferase in ciliates, termed MTA1. The enzyme contains an MT-A70 domain but is phylogenetically distinct from all known RNA and DNA methyltransferases. Disruption of MTA1 in vivo leads to the genome-wide loss of 6mA in asexually growing cells and abolishment of the consensus ApT dimethylated motif. Genes exhibit subtle changes in chromatin organization or RNA expression upon loss of 6mA, depending on their starting methylation level. Mutants fail to complete the sexual cycle, which normally coincides with a peak of MTA1 expression. Thus, MTA1 functions in a developmental stage-specific manner. We determine the impact of 6mA on chromatin organization in vitro by reconstructing complete, full-length ciliate chromosomes harboring 6mA in native or ectopic positions. Using these synthetic chromosomes, we show that 6mA directly disfavors nucleosomes in vitro in a local, quantitative manner, independent of DNA sequence. Furthermore, the chromatin remodeler ACF can overcome this effect. Our study identifies a novel MT-A70 protein necessary for eukaryotic 6mA methylation and defines the impact of 6mA on chromatin organization using epigenetically defined synthetic chromosomes.nnHighlightsO_LIThe MT-A70 protein MTA1 mediates DNA N6-adenine methylation in OxytrichanC_LIO_LIMTA1 mutants exhibit subtle changes in nucleosome organization and transcription in vivonC_LIO_LI6mA directly disfavors nucleosome occupancy in natural and synthetic chromosomes in vitronC_LIO_LIDe novo synthesis of complete, epigenetically defined Oxytricha chromosomesnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beh, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clay, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindblad, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutton, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracht, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebra, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landweber, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/475384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstitution of eukaryotic chromosomes and manipulation of DNA N6-methyladenine alters chromatin and gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Hi-Culfite assay reveals relationships between chromatin contacts and DNA methylation state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-Culfite, a protocol combining Hi-C and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), determines chromatin contacts and DNA methylation simultaneously. Hi-Culfite also reveals relationships that cannot be seen when the two assays are performed separately. For instance, we show that loci associated with open chromatin exhibit context-sensitive methylation: when their spatial neighbors lie in closed chromatin, they are much more likely to be methylated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stamenova, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochkov, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnirke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/481283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Hi-Culfite assay reveals relationships between chromatin contacts and DNA methylation state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of action of methotrexate against Zika virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/481440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zika virus (ZIKV), which is associated with microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barre syndrome, reemerged as a serious public health threat in Latin America in recent years. Previous high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns have revealed several potential hit molecules against ZIKV, including methotrexate (MTX), which is clinically used as an anti-cancer chemotherapy and anti-rheumatoid agent. We studied the mechanism of action of MTX against ZIKV in relation to its inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in vitro using Vero and human neural stem cells (hNSCs). As expected, an antiviral effect for MTX against ZIKV was observed, showing up to ten-fold decrease in virus titer during MTX treatment. We also observed that addition of leucovorin (a downstream metabolite of DHFR pathway) rescued the ZIKV replication impaired by MTX treatment in ZIKV-infected cells, explaining the antiviral effect of MTX through inhibition of DHFR. We also found that addition of adenosine to ZIKV-infected cells was able to rescue ZIKV replication inhibited by MTX, suggesting that restriction of de novo synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pools suppresses viral replication. These results confirm that the DFHR pathway can be targeted to inhibit replication of ZIKV, similar to other published results showing this effect in related flaviviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/481440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of action of methotrexate against Zika virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/488411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutations In PIK3C2A Cause Syndromic Short Stature, Skeletal Abnormalities, and Cataracts Associated With Ciliary Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/488411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PIK3C2A is a class II member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) into PI(3)P and the phosphorylation of PI(4)P into PI(3,4)P2. We identified homozygous loss-of-function mutations in PIK3C2A in children from three independent consanguineous families with short stature, coarse facial features, cataracts with secondary glaucoma, multiple skeletal abnormalities, neurological manifestations, among other findings. Cellular studies of patient-derived fibroblasts found that they lacked PIK3C2A protein, had impaired cilia formation and function, and demonstrated reduced proliferative capacity. Collectively, the genetic and molecular data implicate mutations in PIK3C2A in a new Mendelian disorder of PI metabolism, thereby shedding light on the critical role of a class II PI3K in growth, vision, skeletal formation and neurological development. This discovery expands what is known about disorders of PI metabolism and helps unravel the role of PIK3C2A and class II PI3Ks in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiosano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baris Feldman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hitzert, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulluni, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesener, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergua, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mory, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rump, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Meer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sival, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haucke, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriwinsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knaup, K. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauer, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roepman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfundt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiel, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesener, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslanyan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchner, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/488411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutations In PIK3C2A Cause Syndromic Short Stature, Skeletal Abnormalities, and Cataracts Associated With Ciliary Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/491159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid screening of engineered microbial therapies in a 3-D multicellular model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/491159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic biology is transforming therapeutic paradigms by engineering living cells and microbes to intelligently sense and respond to diseases including inflammation1,2, infections3-5, metabolic disorders6,7, and cancer8,9. However, the ability to rapidly engineer new therapies far outpaces the throughput of animal-based testing regimes, creating a major bottleneck for clinical translation10,11. In vitro approaches to address this challenge have been limited in scalability and broad-applicability. Here, we present a bacteria-in-spheroid co-culture (BSCC) platform that simultaneously tests host species, therapeutic payloads and synthetic gene circuits of engineered bacteria within multicellular spheroids over a timescale of weeks. Long-term monitoring of bacterial dynamics and disease progression enables quantitative comparison of critical therapeutic parameters such as efficacy and biocontainment. Specifically, we screen S. typhimurium strains expressing and delivering a library of antitumor therapeutic molecules via several synthetic gene circuits. We identify novel candidates exhibiting significant tumor reduction and demonstrate high similarity in their efficacies using a syngeneic mouse model. Lastly, we show that our platform can be expanded to dynamically profile diverse microbial species including L. monocytogenes, P. mirabilis, and E. coli in various host cell types. This high-throughput framework may serve to accelerate synthetic biology for clinical applications and understanding the host-microbe interactions in disease sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harimoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinchliffe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mather, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/491159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid screening of engineered microbial therapies in a 3-D multicellular model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/491845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative analysis with expanded DNA methylation data reveals common key regulators and pathways in cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/491845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The integration of genomic and DNA methylation data has been demonstrated as a powerful strategy in understanding cancer mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets. The TCGA consortium has mapped DNA methylation in thousands of cancer samples using Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip (Illumina 450K array) that only covers about 1.5% of CpGs in the human genome. Therefore, increasing the coverage of the DNA methylome would significantly leverage the usage of the TCGA data. Here, we present a new model called EAGLING that can expand the Illumina 450K array data 18 times to cover about 30% of the CpGs in the human genome. We applied it to analyze 13 cancers in TCGA. By integrating the expanded methylation, gene expression and somatic mutation data, we identified the genes showing differential patterns in each of the 13 cancers. Many of the triple-evidenced genes identified in the majority of the cancers are biomarkers or potential biomarkers. Pan-cancer analysis also revealed the pathways in which the triple-evidenced genes are enriched, which include well known ones as well as new ones such as axonal guidance signaling pathway and pathways related to inflammatory processing or inflammation response. Triple-evidenced genes, particularly TNXB, RRM2, CELSR3, SLC16A3, FANCI, MMP9, MMP11, SIK1, TRIM59, showed superior predictive power in both tumor diagnosis and prognosis. These results have demonstrated that the integrative analysis using the expanded methylation data is powerful in identifying critical genes/pathways that may serve as new therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/491845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative analysis with expanded DNA methylation data reveals common key regulators and pathways in cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schizophrenia risk conferred by protein-coding de novo mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-coding de novo mutations (DNMs) in the form of single nucleotide changes and short insertions/deletions are significant genetic risk factors for autism, intellectual disability, developmental delay, and epileptic encephalopathy. In contrast, the burden of DNMs has thus far only had a modest documented impact on schizophrenia (SCZ) risk. Here, we analyze whole-exome sequence from 1,695 SCZ affected parent-offspring trios from Taiwan along with DNMs from 1,077 published SCZ trios to better understand the contribution of coding DNMs to SCZ risk. Among 2,772 SCZ affected probands, the increased burden of DNMs is modest. Gene set analyses show that the modest increase in risk from DNMs in SCZ probands is concentrated in genes that are either highly brain expressed, under strong evolutionary constraint, and/or overlap with genes identified as DNM risk factors in other neurodevelopmental disorders. No single gene meets the criteria for genome-wide significance, but we identify 16 genes that are recurrently hit by a protein-truncating DNM, which is a 3.15-fold higher rate than mutation model expectation of 5.1 genes (permuted 95% CI=1-10 genes, permuted p=3e-5). Overall, DNMs explain only a small fraction of SCZ risk, and this risk is polygenic in nature suggesting that coding variation across many different genes will be a risk factor for SCZ in the population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Howrigan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samocha, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fromer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerrato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchhouse, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genovese, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwu, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmicki, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarroll, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schizophrenia risk conferred by protein-coding de novo mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular architecture of engulfment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of cell biology is limited by the difficulty in visualizing cellular structures at high spatial resolution within their native milieu. Here, we have visualized sporulation in Bacillus subtilis using cryo-electron tomography coupled with cryo-focused ion beam milling, a technique that allows the 3D reconstruction of cellular structures in near-native state at molecular resolution. During sporulation, an asymmetrically-positioned septum divides the cell into a larger mother cell and a smaller forespore. Subsequently, the mother cell phagocytoses the forespore in a process called engulfment, which entails a dramatic rearrangement of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall around the forespore. By imaging wild-type sporangia, engulfment mutants, and sporangia treated with PG synthesis inhibitors, we show that the initiation of engulfment does not entail the complete dissolution of the septal PG by the mother cell SpoIIDMP complex, as was previously thought. Instead, DMP is required to maintain a flexible septum that is uniformly and only slightly thinned at the onset of engulfment. Then, the mother cell membrane migrates around the forespore by forming tiny finger-like projections, the formation of which requires both SpoIIDMP and new PG synthesized ahead of the leading edge of the engulfing membrane. We propose a molecular model for engulfment membrane migration in which a limited number of SpoIIDMP complexes tether the membrane to and degrade the new PG ahead of the leading edge, thereby generating an irregular engulfing membrane front. Our data also reveal other structures that will provide a valuable resource for future mechanistic studies of endospore formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Garrido, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/498220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular architecture of engulfment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond SNP Heritability: Polygenicity and Discoverability of Phenotypes Estimated with a Univariate Gaussian Mixture Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/498550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Of signal interest in the genetics of human traits is estimating their polygenicity (the proportion of causally associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) and the discoverability (or effect size variance) of the causal SNPs. Narrow-sense heritability is proportional to the product of these quantities. We present a basic model, using detailed linkage disequilibrium structure from an extensive reference panel, to estimate these quantities from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for SNPs with minor allele frequency >1%. We apply the model to diverse phenotypes and validate the implementation with simulations. We find model polygenicities ranging from [~=] 2 x 10-5 to [~=] 4 x 10-3, with discoverabilities similarly ranging over two orders of magnitude. A power analysis allows us to estimate the proportions of phenotypic variance explained additively by causal SNPs at current sample sizes, and map out sample sizes required to explain larger portions of additive SNP heritability. The model also allows for estimating residual inflation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/498550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond SNP Heritability: Polygenicity and Discoverability of Phenotypes Estimated with a Univariate Gaussian Mixture Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of the PKA RIα holoenzyme with the FLHCC driver J-PKAcα or wild type PKAcα 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is driven by J-PKAc, a kinase fusion chimera of the J-domain of DnaJB1 with PKAc, the catalytic subunit of Protein Kinase A (PKA). Here we report the crystal structures of the chimeric fusion RI2:J-PKAc2 holoenzyme formed by J-PKAc and the PKA regulatory (R) subunit RI, and the wild type (wt) RI2:PKAc2 holoenzyme. The chimeric and wt RI holoenzymes have quaternary structures different from the previously solved wt RI{beta} and RII{beta} holoenzymes. The chimeric holoenzyme shows an isoform-specific interface dominated by antiparallel interactions between the N3A-N3A motifs of RI that serves as an anchor for RI structural rearrangements during cAMP activation. The wt RI holoenzyme showed the same configuration as well as a distinct second conformation. In the structure of the chimeric fusion RI2:J-PKAc2 holoenzyme, the presence of the J-domain does not prevent formation of the holoenzymes, and is positioned away from the symmetrical interface between the two RI:J-PKAc heterodimers in the holoenzyme. The J-domains have significantly higher temperature factors than the rest of the holoenzyme, implying a large degree of conformational flexibility. Furthermore molecular dynamics simulations were applied to analyze the conformational states of chimeric fusion and wt RI holoenzymes, and showed an ensemble of conformations in the majority of which the J-domain was dynamic and rotated away from the R:J-PKAc interface. Thus, rather than affecting the interactions with the regulatory subunits, the fusion of the J-domain to the PKAc alters the conformational landscape of the chimeric fusion holoenzymes and potentially, as result, the interactions with other molecules. The structural and dynamic features of these holoenzymes enhance our understanding of the fusion chimera protein J-PKAc that drives FLHCC as well as the isoform specificity of PKA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Fiesco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomasini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of the PKA RIα holoenzyme with the FLHCC driver J-PKAcα or wild type PKAcα]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM Structure of OSCA1.2 from Oryza sativa: Mechanical basis of hyperosmolality-gating in Plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensing and responding to environmental water deficiency and osmotic stresses is essential for the growth, development and survival of plants. Recently, an osmolality-sensing ion channel called OSCA1 was discovered that functions in sensing hyperosmolality in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure and function of an ion channel from rice (Oryza sativa; OsOSCA1.2), showing how it mediates hyperosmolality sensing and ion permeability. The structure reveals a dimer; the molecular architecture of each subunit consists of eleven transmembrane helices and a cytosolic soluble domain that has homology to RNA recognition proteins. The transmembrane domain is structurally related to the TMEM16 family of calcium dependent ion channels and scramblases. The cytosolic soluble domain possesses a distinct structural feature in the form of extended intracellular helical arms that is parallel to the plasma membrane. These helical arms are well positioned to sense lateral tension on the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer caused by changes in turgor pressure. Computational dynamic analysis suggests how this domain couples to the transmembrane portion of the molecule to open the channel. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) experimentally confirms the conformational dynamics of these coupled domains. The structure provides a framework to understand the structural basis of hyperosmolality sensing in an important crop plant, extends our knowledge of the anoctamin superfamily important for plants and fungi, and provides a structural mechanism for translating membrane stress to ion transport regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maity, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heumann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopcho, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, P.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapes, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medrano-Soto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendargo, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rees, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saier, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowell, M. H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM Structure of OSCA1.2 from Oryza sativa: Mechanical basis of hyperosmolality-gating in Plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Partitioning the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic basis of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not well understood. Using large genome-wide association studies and validated tools to quantify genetic overlap, we systematically identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ALS conditional on genetic data from 65 different traits and diseases from >3 million people. We found strong genetic enrichment between ALS and a number of disparate traits including frontotemporal dementia, coronary artery disease, C-reactive protein, celiac disease and memory function. Beyond C9ORF72, we detected novel genetic signal within numerous loci including GIPC1, ELMO1 and COL16A and confirmed previously reported variants, such as ATXN2, KIF5A, UNC13A and MOBP. We found that ALS variants form a small-world co-expression network characterized by highly inter-connected  hub genes. This network clustered into smaller sub-networks, each associated with a unique function. Altered gene expression of several sub-networks and hubs was over-represented in neuropathological samples from ALS patients and SOD1 G93A mice. Our collective findings indicate that the genetic architecture of ALS can be partitioned into distinct components where some genes are highly important for developing disease. These findings have implications for stratification and enrichment strategies for ALS clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broce, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olney, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomen-Hoerth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finkbeiner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atassi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cudkowicz, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glastonbury, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rheenen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldink, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Chalabi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeley, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Partitioning the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooperation of dominant oncogenes with regulatory germline variants shapes clinical outcomes in childhood cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHDeciphering principles of inter-individual tumor heterogeneity is essential for refinement of personalized anti-cancer therapy. Unlike cancers of adulthood, pediatric malignancies including Ewing sarcoma (EwS) feature a striking paucity of somatic alterations except for pathognomonic driver-mutations that cannot explain overt variations in clinical outcome.nnHere we demonstrate in the EwS model how cooperation of a dominant oncogene and regulatory variants determine tumor growth, patient survival and drug response.nnWe show that binding of the oncogenic EWSR1-FLI1 fusion transcription factor to a polymorphic enhancer-like DNA element controls expression of the transcription factor MYBL2, whose high expression promotes poor patient outcome via activation of pro-proliferative signatures. Analysis of paired germline and tumor whole-genome sequencing data revealed that regulatory variability at this locus is inherited via the germline. CRISPR-mediated interference with this regulatory element almost abolished MYBL2 transcription, and MYBL2 knockdown decreased cell proliferation, cell survival and tumorigenicity of EwS cells. Combined RNA- and ChIP-seq analyses as well as functional experiments and clinical data identified CCNF, BIRC5 and AURKB as direct MYBL2 targets and critical mediators of its phenotype. In drug-response experiments, high MYBL2 levels sensitized EwS cells for inhibition of its activating cyclin dependent kinase CDK2 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting MYBL2 as a predictive biomarker for targeted anti-CDK2-therapy.nnCollectively, our findings establish cooperation of somatic mutations and regulatory germline variants as a major determinant of tumor progression and indicate the importance of integrating the regulatory genome in the process of developing new diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies to fully harness the potential of precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cidre-Aranaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aynaud, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orth, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirabeau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossetete, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surdez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohmura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerke, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallmayer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldauf, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gartlgruber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westermann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoelting, T. L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sannino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero-Perez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirksen, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shlien, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotblat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delattre, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunewald, T. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/506659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooperation of dominant oncogenes with regulatory germline variants shapes clinical outcomes in childhood cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary loss of foot muscle during development with characteristics of atrophy and no evidence of cell death 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many species that run or leap across sparsely vegetated habitats, including horses and deer, evolved the severe reduction or complete loss of foot muscles as skeletal elements elongated and digits were lost, and yet the developmental mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report the natural loss of foot muscles in the bipedal jerboa, Jaculus jaculus. Although adults have no muscles in their feet, newborn animals have muscles that rapidly disappear soon after birth. We were surprised to find no evidence of apoptotic or necrotic cell death during stages of peak myofiber loss, countering well-supported assumptions of developmental tissue remodeling. We instead see hallmarks of muscle atrophy, including an ordered disassembly of the sarcomere associated with upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases, MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. We propose that the natural loss of muscle, which remodeled foot anatomy during evolution and development, involves cellular mechanisms that are typically associated with disease or injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsutsumi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erberich, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/512590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary loss of foot muscle during development with characteristics of atrophy and no evidence of cell death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual-olfactory integration in the human disease vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/512996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquitoes rely on the integration of multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermal stimuli, to detect, identify and locate their hosts [1-4]. Although we increasingly know more about the role of chemosensory behaviours in mediating mosquito-host interactions [1], the role of visual cues remains comparatively less studied [3], and how the combination of olfactory and visual information is integrated in the mosquito brain remains unknown. In the present study, we used a tethered-flight LED arena, which allowed for quantitative control over the stimuli, to show that CO2 exposure affects target-tracking responses, but not responses to large-field visual stimuli. In addition, we show that CO2 modulates behavioural responses to visual objects in a time-dependent manner. To gain insight into the neural basis of this olfactory and visual coupling, we conducted two-photon microscopy experiments in a new GCaMP6s-expressing mosquito line. Imaging revealed that the majority of ROIs in the lobula region of the optic lobe exhibited strong responses to small-field stimuli, but showed little response to a large-field stimulus. Approximately 20% of the neurons we imaged were modulated when an attractive odour preceded the visual stimulus; these same neurons also elicited a small response when the odour was presented alone. By contrast, imaging in the antennal lobe revealed no modulation when visual stimuli were presented before or after the olfactory stimulus. Together, our results are the first to reveal the dynamics of olfactory modulation in visually evoked behaviours of mosquitoes, and suggest that coupling between these sensory systems is asymmetrical and time-dependent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vinauger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Breugel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairhall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riffell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/512996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual-olfactory integration in the human disease vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active site plasticity and possible modes of chemical inhibition of the human DNA deaminase APOBEC3B 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) functions in innate immunity against viruses, but is also strongly implicated in eliciting mutations in cancer genomes. Because of the critical role of A3B in promoting virus and tumor evolution, small molecule inhibitors are desirable. However, there is no reported structure for any of the APOBEC3-family enzymes in complex with a small molecule bound in the active site, which hampers the development of small molecules targeting A3B. Here we report high-resolution structures of an active A3B catalytic domain chimera with loop 7 residues exchanged with those from the corresponding region of APOBEC3G (A3G). The structures reveal novel open conformations lacking the catalytically essential zinc ion, with the highly conserved active site residues extensively rearranged. These inactive conformations are stabilized by 2-pyrimidone or an iodide ion bound in the active site. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the remarkable plasticity of the engineered active site and identify key interactions that stabilize the native A3B active site. These data provide insights into A3B active site dynamics and suggest possible modes of its inhibition by small molecules, which would aid in rational design of selective A3B inhibitors for constraining virus and tumor evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harki, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/513366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active site plasticity and possible modes of chemical inhibition of the human DNA deaminase APOBEC3B]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geometric control of frequency modulation of cAMP oscillations due to Ca2+-bursts in dendritic spines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP and its dynamic interactions with other second messengers such as calcium are critical features of signaling specificity required for neuronal development and connectivity. cAMP is known to contribute to long-term potentiation and memory formation by controlling the formation and regulation of dendritic spines. Despite the recent advances in biosensing techniques for monitoring spatiotemporal cAMP dynamics, the underlying molecular mechanisms that attribute to the subcellular modulation of cAMP remain unknown. In the present work, we model the spatio-temporal dynamics of calcium-induced cAMP signaling pathway in dendritic spines. Using a 3D reaction-diffusion model, we investigate the effect of different spatial characteristics of cAMP dynamics that may be responsible for subcellular regulation of cAMP concentrations. Our model predicts that the volume-to-surface ratio of the spine, regulated through the spine head size, spine neck size, and the presence of physical barriers (spine apparatus) is an important regulator of cAMP dynamics. Furthermore, localization of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of cAMP in different compartments also modulates the oscillatory patterns of cAMP through exponential relationships. Our findings shed light on the significance of complex geometric and localization relationships for cAMP dynamics in dendritic spines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ohadi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/520643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geometric control of frequency modulation of cAMP oscillations due to Ca2+-bursts in dendritic spines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational modeling reveals frequency modulation of calcium-cAMP/PKA pathway in dendritic spines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic spines are the primary excitatory postsynaptic sites that act as subcompartments of signaling. Ca2+ is often the first and most rapid signal in spines. Downstream of calcium, the cAMP/PKA pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of spine formation, morphological modifications, and ultimately, learning and memory. While the dynamics of calcium are reasonably well-studied, calcium-induced cAMP/PKA dynamics, particularly with respect to frequency modulation, are not fully explored. In this study, we present a well-mixed model for the dynamics of calcium-induced cAMP/PKA dynamics in dendritic spines. The model is constrained using experimental observations in the literature. Further, we measured the calcium oscillation frequency in dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal CA1 neurons and used these dynamics as model inputs. Our model predicts that the various steps in this pathway act as frequency modulators for calcium and the high frequency of calcium input is filtered by AC1 and PDEs in this pathway such that cAMP/PKA only responds to lower frequencies. This prediction has important implications for noise filtering and long-timescale signal transduction in dendritic spines. A companion manuscript presents a three-dimensional spatial model for the same pathway.nnStatement of SignificancecAMP/PKA activity triggered by calcium is an essential biochemical pathway for synaptic plasticity, regulating spine structure, and long-term potentiation. In the current study, we predicted that for a given calcium input, AC1, and PDE1 kinetics reflect both the high and the low frequencies with different amplitudes and cAMP/PKA acts as a leaky integrator of calcium because of frequency attenuation by the intermediary steps. These findings have implications for cAMP/PKA signaling in dendritic spines in particular and neuronal signal transduction in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ohadi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halpain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational modeling reveals frequency modulation of calcium-cAMP/PKA pathway in dendritic spines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/527796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/527796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiomes are vast communities of microbes and viruses that populate all natural ecosystems. Viruses have been considered the most variable component of microbiomes, as supported by virome surveys and examples of high genomic mosaicism. However, recent evidence suggests that the human gut virome is remarkably stable compared to other environments. Here we investigate the origin, evolution, and epidemiology of crAssphage, a widespread human gut virus. Through a global collaboratory, we obtained DNA sequences of crAssphage from over one-third of the worlds countries, and showed that its phylogeography is locally clustered within countries, cities, and individuals. We also found colinear crAssphage-like genomes in both Old-World and New-World primates, challenging genomic mosaicism and suggesting that the association of crAssphage with primates may be millions of years old. We conclude that crAssphage is a benign globetrotter virus that may have co-evolved with the human lineage and an integral part of the normal human gut virome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edwards, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohaeri, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bibby, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouns, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jonge, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desnues, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Munoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fineran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurilshikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavigne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazankova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nobrega, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trefault, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyakht, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinuesa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagemans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhernakova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aarestrup, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alassaf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asangba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billings, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares Lopez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, G.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condeff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cranfield, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuevas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De la Iglesia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decewicz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doane,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/527796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Planning Face, Hand, and Leg Movements: Anatomical Constraints on Preparatory Inhibition. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), elicited by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex, are reduced during the preparatory period in delayed response tasks. Here we examine how MEP suppression varies as a function of the anatomical organization of the motor cortex. MEPs were recorded from a left index muscle while participants prepared a hand or leg movement in Experiment 1, or prepared an eye or mouth movement in Experiment 2. In this manner, we assessed if the level of MEP suppression in a hand muscle varied as a function of the anatomical distance between the agonist for the forthcoming movement and the muscle targeted by TMS. MEPs suppression was attenuated when the cued effector was anatomically distant from the hand (e.g., leg or facial movement compared to finger movement). A similar effect was observed in Experiment 3 in which MEPs were recorded from a muscle in the leg and the forthcoming movement involved the upper limb or face. These results demonstrate an important constraint on preparatory inhibition: It is sufficiently broad to be manifest in a muscle that is not involved in the task, but is not global, showing a marked attenuation when the agonist muscle belongs to a different segment of the body.

New & NoteworthyUsing TMS, we examine changes in corticospinal excitability as people prepare to move. Consistent with previous work, we observe a reduction in excitability during the preparatory period, an effect observed in both task relevant and task irrelevant muscles. However, this preparatory inhibition is anatomically constrained, attenuated in muscles belonging to a different body segment than the agonist of the forthcoming movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Labruna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tischler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenhouse, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/529107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Planning Face, Hand, and Leg Movements: Anatomical Constraints on Preparatory Inhibition.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/530204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrocyclic colibactin induces DNA double-strand breaks via copper-mediated oxidative cleavage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/530204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colibactin is an as-yet-uncharacterized human gut bacterial genotoxin, whose biosynthesis is linked to clb genomic island that distributes widespread in pathogenic and commensal human enterobacteria. Colibactin-producing gut microbes promote colon tumor formation and enhance progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) via DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)-induced cellular senescence and death; however, the chemical basis contributing to the pathogenesis at the molecular level remains elusive. Here we report the discovery and the mechanism of action of colibactin-645 as the highly sought final colibactin metabolite with a novel molecular scaffold. Colibactin-645 recapitulates its previously assumed genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, exhibiting a strong DNA DSBs activity in vitro and in human cell cultures via a unique copper-mediated oxidative mechanism. We also present a complete model for colibactin biosynthesis, revealing an unprecedented dual function of the aminomalonate-utilizing polyketide synthases. This work thus provides the first molecular basis for colibactins genotoxic activity and facilitates further mechanistic study of colibactin-related CRC incidence and prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/530204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrocyclic colibactin induces DNA double-strand breaks via copper-mediated oxidative cleavage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity of Selected Nucleoside Analogue ProTides against Zika Virus in Human Neural Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus which causes neurodevelopmental impairment to fetuses and has been linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome, continues to threaten global health due to the absence of targeted prophylaxis or treatment. Nucleoside analogues are good examples of efficient anti-viral inhibitors, and prodrug strategies using phosphate masking groups (ProTides) have been employed to improve the bioavailability of ribonucleoside analogues. Here, we synthesized and tested a library of 13 ProTides against ZIKV in human neural stem cells. Strong activity was observed for 2'-C-methyluridine and 2'-C-ethynyluridine ProTides with an aryloxyl phosphoramidate masking group. Conversion of the aryloxyl phosphoramidate ProTide group of 2'-C-methyluridine to a 2-(methylthio)ethyl phosphoramidate completely abolished antiviral activity of the compound. The aryloxyl phosphoramidate ProTide of 2'-C-methyluridine outperformed the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug sofosbuvir in suppression of viral titers and protection from cytopathic effect, while the former compounds triphosphate active metabolite was better incorporated by purified ZIKV NS5 polymerase over time. Molecular superpositioning revealed different orientations of residues opposite the 2'-fluoro group of sofosbuvir. These findings suggest both a nucleobase and ProTide group bias for the anti-ZIKV activity of nucleoside analogue ProTides in a disease-relevant cell model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernatchez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coste, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohl, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purse, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/533497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity of Selected Nucleoside Analogue ProTides against Zika Virus in Human Neural Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characteristics of Beta Waveform Shape in Parkinson's Disease Detected with Scalp Electroencephalography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural activity in the beta frequency range (13-30 Hz) is excessively synchronized in Parkinsons Disease (PD). Previous work using invasive intracranial recordings and non-invasive scalp electroencephalography (EEG) has shown that correlations between beta phase and broadband gamma amplitude (i.e., phase-amplitude coupling) are elevated in PD, perhaps a reflection of this synchrony. Recently, it has also been shown, in invasive human recordings, that nonsinusoidal features of beta oscillation shape also characterize PD. Here we show that these features of beta waveform shape also distinguish PD patients on and off medication using non-invasive recordings in a dataset of 15 PD patients with resting scalp EEG. Specifically, beta oscillations over sensorimotor electrodes in PD patients off medication had greater sharpness asymmetry and steepness asymmetry than on medication (sign rank, p=0.006, p=0.003 respectively). We also showed that beta oscillations over sensorimotor cortex most often had a canonical shape and that using this prototypical shape as an inclusion criterion increased the effect size of our findings. Together our findings suggest that novel ways of measuring beta synchrony that incorporate waveform shape could improve detection of PD pathophysiology in non-invasive recordings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jackson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swann, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characteristics of Beta Waveform Shape in Parkinson's Disease Detected with Scalp Electroencephalography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GAMer 2: A System for 3D Mesh Processing of Cellular Electron Micrographs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveRecent advances in electron microscopy have, for the first time, enabled imaging of single cells in 3D at a nanometer length scale resolution. An uncharted frontier for in silico biology is the ability to simulate cellular processes using these observed geometries. However, this will require a system for going from EM images to 3D volume meshes which can be used in finite element simulations.

MethodsIn this paper, we develop an end-to-end pipeline for this task by adapting and extending computer graphics mesh processing and smoothing algorithms. Our workflow makes use of our recently rewritten mesh processing software, GAMer 2, which implements several mesh conditioning algorithms and serves as a platform to connect different pipeline steps.

ResultsWe apply this pipeline to a series of electron micrographs of dendrite morphology explored at three different length scales and show that the resultant meshes are suitable for finite element simulations.

ConclusionOur pipeline, which consists of free and open-source community driven tools, is a step towards routine physical simulations of biological processes in realistic geometries.

SignificanceWe posit that a new frontier at the intersection of computational technologies and single cell biology is now open. Innovations in algorithms to reconstruct and simulate cellular length scale phenomena based on emerging structural data will enable realistic physical models and advance discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angliviel de La Beaumelle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramamoorthi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holst, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GAMer 2: A System for 3D Mesh Processing of Cellular Electron Micrographs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/535732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Occupation and Parkinson disease in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/535732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThere is a lack of consistency in associations between workplace factors and risk of Parkinson disease (PD), and paucity of such data on women. We took a classic occupational epidemiology approach that assesses associations with occupational groups in order to derive insights about potential occupation-specific exposures that may be causal.

MethodsThe Womens Health Initiative (WHI-OS) is a prospective cohort that enrolled 91,627 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age from 10/01/93 to 12/31/98, at 40 clinical centers across the US with average follow-up of 11 years, who reported up to three paid jobs held the longest since age 18; these jobs were coded and duration of employment calculated. We defined the case by self-report of doctor-diagnosed PD (at baseline or follow-up), death attributed to PD, or medication consistent with PD.

ResultsAmong 2,590 cases, we report evidence of excess risk among "counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists". There was a suggestion of increase in risk among post-secondary teachers, and "building and grounds cleaning and maintenance". There was also evidence of deficit in risk among women who worked in sales.

Results with ever-employed and duration were similar, except for evidence of excess of risk among "health technologists and technicians" with more than 20 years of employment. Longer duration of life on a farm was associated with higher risk.

ConclusionOur findings paint a largely reassuring picture of occupational risks for PD among US women, especially for trades largely unaffected by recent technological advances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burstyn, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaCroix, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Checkoway, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/535732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Occupation and Parkinson disease in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/538421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delivering genes across the blood-brain barrier: LY6A, a novel cellular receptor for AAV-PHP.B capsids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/538421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The engineered AAV-PHP.B family of adeno-associated virus efficiently delivers genes throughout the mouse central nervous system. To guide their application across disease models, and to inspire the development of translational gene therapy vectors useful for targeting neurological diseases in humans, we sought to elucidate the host factors responsible for the CNS tropism of AAV-PHP.B vectors. Leveraging CNS tropism differences across mouse strains, we conducted a genome-wide association study, and rapidly identified and verified LY6A as an essential receptor for the AAV-PHP.B vectors in brain endothelial cells. Importantly, this newly discovered mode of AAV binding and transduction is independent of other known AAV receptors and can be imported into different cell types to confer enhanced transduction by the AAV-PHP.B vectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobey, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poterba, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutros, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balazs, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seed, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deverman, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/538421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delivering genes across the blood-brain barrier: LY6A, a novel cellular receptor for AAV-PHP.B capsids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DLITE: Dynamic Local Intercellular Tension Estimation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The shape of cell-cell interfaces and the forces resulting from actomyosin interactions, mem-brane tension, or cell-cell adhesion are closely coupled. For example, the tight junction protein, ZO-1, forms a link between the force-bearing actin cortex and the rest of the tight junction protein (TJP) complex, regulating epithelial cell differentiation and the flux of solutes across epithelia. Here we introduce a method for Dynamic Local Intercellular Tension Estimation (DLITE) to computationally infer the evolution of cell-cell forces from a mechanical model of collective cell behaviour. This builds upon prior work in the field (CellFIT, Brodland et al., PloS one 9.6 (2014): e99116). We validate our estimated forces against those predicted by Surface Evolver simulations. Inferred tensions of a cell colony rearranging over time correlate better with the ground truth for our method (DLITE) than for prior methods intended for single time-points. DLITE is robust to both skeletonization errors and topological changes. Finally, we used DLITE in WTC-11 human induced pluripotent stem (hIPS) cells endogenously expressing ZO-1 GFP to find that major topo-logical changes in cell connectivity, e.g. mitosis, can result in an increase in tension. This suggests a correlation between the dynamics of cell-cell forces and colony rearrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maleckar, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/541144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DLITE: Dynamic Local Intercellular Tension Estimation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/544270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age and sex-dependent patterns of gut microbial diversity in human adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/544270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gut microbial diversity changes throughout the human lifespan and is known to be affected by host sex. We investigated the association of age, sex and gut bacterial alpha diversity in three large cohorts of adults from four geographical regions: US and UK cohorts in the American Gut Project, and two independent cohorts of Colombians and Chinese. In three of the four cohorts, we observed a strong positive association between age and alpha diversity in young adults that plateaued after age 40. We also found pronounced sex-dependent differences in younger but not middle-aged adults, and women had higher alpha diversity than men. In contrast, no association of alpha diversity with age or sex was observed in the Chinese cohort. These associations were maintained after adjusting for cardiometabolic parameters in the Colombian cohort and antibiotic usage in the AGP cohort, suggesting that these factors do not affect the association of alpha diversity with age and sex. We also used a machine learning approach to predict individual age based on the gut microbiome. Consistent with our alpha diversity-based findings, women had significantly higher predicted age than men in the US and UK cohort, with a reduced difference above age 40. This was not observed in the Colombian cohort and only in the group of middle-age adults in the Chinese cohort. Together, our results provide new insights into the influence of age and sex on biodiversity of the human gut microbiota during adulthood while highlighting similarities and differences across diverse cohorts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de la Cuesta-Zuluaga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esobar, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/544270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age and sex-dependent patterns of gut microbial diversity in human adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/546150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Implementations of the chemical structural and compositional similarity metric in R and Python 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/546150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationTandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has the potential to substantially improve metabolomics by acquiring spectra of fragmented ions. These fragmentation spectra can be represented as a molecular network, by measuring cosine distances between them, thus identifying signals from the same or similar molecules. Metrics that enable comparison between pairs of samples based on their metabolite profiles are in great need. Taking inspiration from the successful phylogeny-aware beta-diversity measures used in microbiome research, integrating chemical similarity information about the features in addition to their abundances could lead to better insights when comparing metabolite profiles. Chemical Structural and Compositional Similarity (CSCS) is a recently published similarity metric comparing the full set of signals and their chemical similarity between two samples. Efficient, scalable and easily accessible implementations of this algorithm is currently lacking. Here, we present an easily accessible and scalable implementation of CSCS in both python and R, including a version not weighted by intensity information.

ResultsWe provide a new implementation of the CSCS algorithm that is over 300 times faster than the published implementation in R, making the algorithm suitable for large-scale metabolomics applications. We also show that adding chemical information enriches existing methods. Furthermore, the R implementation includes functions for exporting molecular networks directly from the mass spectral molecular networking platform GNPS for ease of use for downstream applications.

Contactbrejnrod@sund.ku.dk

Availabilitygithub.com/askerdb/rCSCS, github.com/askerdb/pyCSCS
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brejnrod, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworzynski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arumugam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/546150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Implementations of the chemical structural and compositional similarity metric in R and Python]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/549816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Red Sea SAR11 and Prochlorococcus Single-cell Genomes Reflect Globally Distributed Pangenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/549816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence suggests many marine bacteria are cosmopolitan, with widespread but sparse strains poised to seed abundant populations upon conducive growth conditions. However, studies supporting this "microbial seed bank" hypothesis have analyzed taxonomic marker genes rather than whole genomes/metagenomes, leaving open the possibility that disparate ocean regions harbor endemic gene content. The Red Sea is isolated geographically from the rest of the ocean and has a combination of high irradiance, high temperature, and high salinity that is unique among the ocean; we therefore asked whether it harbors endemic gene content. We sequenced and assembled single-cell genomes of 21 SAR11 (subclades Ia, Ib, Id, II) and 5 Prochlorococcus (ecotype HLII) cells from the Red Sea and combined them with globally-sourced reference genomes to cluster genes into ortholog groups (OGs). Ordination of OG composition could distinguish clades, including phylogenetically cryptic Prochlorococcus ecotypes LLII and LLIII. Compared with reference genomes, 1% of Prochlorococcus and 17% of SAR11 OGs were unique to the Red Sea genomes (RS-OGs). Most (83%) RS-OGs had no annotated function, but 65% of RS-OGs were expressed in diel Red Sea metatranscriptomes, suggesting they could be functional. Searching Tara Oceans metagenomes, RS-OGs were as likely to be found as non-RS-OGs; nevertheless, Red Sea and other warm samples could be distinguished from cooler samples using the relative abundances of OGs. The results suggest that the prevalence of OGs in these surface ocean bacteria is largely cosmopolitan, with differences in population metagenomes manifested by differences in relative abundance rather than complete presence-absence of OGs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haroon, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibl, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahill, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngugi, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stingl, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/549816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Red Sea SAR11 and Prochlorococcus Single-cell Genomes Reflect Globally Distributed Pangenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/550996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flower-like patterns in multi-species biofilms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/550996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse interactions among species within bacterial biofilms often lead to intricate spatiotemporal dynamics. The spatial structure of biofilms can determine growth and survival of different species, but the mechanisms driving formation of this structure are not fully understood. Here, we describe the emergence of complex structures in a biofilm grown from mixtures of motile and non-motile bacterial species on a soft agar surface. Time-lapse imaging shows that non-motile bacteria "hitchhike" on the motile bacteria as the latter migrate outward. The non-motile bacteria accumulate at the boundary of the colony and trigger an instability that leaves behind striking flower-like patterns. The mechanism of the front instability governing this pattern formation is elucidated by a mathematical model for the frictional motion of the colony interface, with friction depending on the local concentration of the nonmotile species along the interface. A more elaborate two-dimensional phase-field model that explicitly accounts for the interplay between growth, mechanical stress from the motile species, and friction provided by the non-motile species, fully reproduces the observed flower-like patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/550996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flower-like patterns in multi-species biofilms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EpiAlignment: alignment with both DNA sequence and epigenomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparative epigenomics, by subjecting both epigenome and genome to interspecies comparison, has become a powerful approach to reveal regulatory features of the genome. Thus elucidated regulatory features surpassed the information derived from comparison of genomic sequences alone. Here, we present EpiAlignment, a web-based tool to align genomic regions with both DNA sequence and epigenomic data. EpiAlignment takes DNA sequence and epigenomic profiles derived by ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, or ATAC-seq from two species as input data, and outputs the best semi-global alignments. These alignments are based on EpiAlignment scores, computed by a dynamic programming algorithm that accounts for both sequence alignment and epigenome similarity. For timely response, the EpiAlignment web server automatically initiates up to 140 computing threads depending on the size of user input data. For users convenience, we have pre-compiled the comparable human and mouse epigenome datasets in matched cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics and ENCODE consortia. Users can either upload their own data or select pre-compiled datasets as inputs for EpiAlignment analyses. Results are presented in graphical and tabular formats where the entries can be interactively expanded to visualize additional features of these aligned regions. EpiAlignment is available at https://epialign.ucsd.edu/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/562199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EpiAlignment: alignment with both DNA sequence and epigenomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/563221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The laminar profile of sleep spindles in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/563221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep spindles are generated in thalamocortical, corticothalamic and possibly cortico-cortical circuits. Previous hypotheses suggested that slow and fast spindles or spindles with various spatial extent may be generated in different circuits with various cortical laminar innervation patterns. We used NREM sleep EEG data recorded from four human epileptic patients undergoing presurgical electrophysiological monitoring with subdural electrocorticographic grids (ECoG) and implanted laminar microelectrodes penetrating the cortex (IME). The position of IME electrodes within cortical layers was confirmed using postsurgical histological reconstructions. Many micro-domain spindles detected on the IME occurred only in one layer and were absent from the ECoG, but with increasing amplitude simultaneous detection in other layers and on the ECoG became more likely. Macro-domain spindles sufficiently large to be detected on the ECoG were in contrast usually accompanied by IME spindles. Neither micro-domain nor macro-domain spindle cortical profiles were strongly associated with sleep spindle frequency or globality. Multiple-unit and single-unit activity during spindles, however, was heterogeneous across spindle types, but also across layers and subjects. Our results indicate that extremely local spindles may occur in any cortical layer, but co-occurrence at other locations becomes likelier with increasing amplitude and the relatively large spindles detected on ECoG channels have a stereotypical laminar profile. We found no compelling evidence that different spindle types are associated with different laminar profiles, suggesting that they are generated in cortical and thalamic circuits with similar cortical innervation patterns. Local neuronal activity is a stronger candidate mechanism for driving functional differences between spindles subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ujma, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajnal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodizs, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gombos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eross, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulbert, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/563221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The laminar profile of sleep spindles in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/564161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-depth genetic analysis of 6p21.3 reveals insights into associations between HLA types and complex traits and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/564161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MHC) region encodes the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) gene complex and is associated with many autoimmune and infectious diseases. Despite the importance of this interval, comprehensive genetic studies interrogating associations between HLA types, expression of non-HLA genes and disease, have not yet been conducted. To address this issue, we collected high-coverage whole genome sequence from 419 individuals and performed HLA typing at the highest resolution. Using RNA-seq from matched iPSC lines, we conducted an in-depth eQTL analysis using "personalized" transcripts, which significantly improved estimated expression levels of HLA genes, and showed HLA types have genetic associations independent from SNPs. We leveraged the eQTL results to examine associations between expression levels of non-HLA genes and disease. As a proof-of-principle, we investigated RNF5, whose protein product is a novel drug target in cystic fibrosis. We observed that decreased expression of RNF5 was associated with the 8.1 ancestral haplotype, which was previously found associated with protection against infection in cystic fibrosis. Overall, our study shows that genetically dissecting the MHC region provides novel insights into mechanisms underlying associations of this interval with disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakubosky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegle, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nariai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/564161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-depth genetic analysis of 6p21.3 reveals insights into associations between HLA types and complex traits and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/564443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longshot: accurate variant calling in diploid genomes using single-molecule long read sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/564443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short-read sequencing technologies such as Illumina enable the accurate detection of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and short insertion/deletion variants in human genomes but are unable to provide information about haplotypes and variants in repetitive regions of the genome. Single-molecule sequencing technologies such as Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore generate long reads ([&ge;] 10 kb in length) that can potentially address these limitations of short reads. However, the high error rate of SMS reads makes it challenging to detect small-scale variants in diploid genomes. We introduce a variant calling method, Longshot, that leverages the haplotype information present in SMS reads to enable the accurate detection and phasing of single nucleotide variants in diploid genomes. Using whole-genome Pacific Biosciences data for multiple human individuals, we demonstrate that Longshot achieves very high accuracy for SNV detection (precision [&ge;]0.992 and recall [&ge;]0.96) that is significantly better than existing variant calling methods. Longshot can also call SNVs with good accuracy using whole-genome Oxford Nanopore data. Finally, we demonstrate that it enables the discovery of variants in duplicated regions of the genome that cannot be mapped using short reads. Longshot is freely available at https://github.com/pjedge/longshot.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edge, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/564443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longshot: accurate variant calling in diploid genomes using single-molecule long read sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterozygous variants in KMT2E cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We delineate a KMT2E gene-related neurodevelopmental disorder based on 38 individuals in 36 families. This includes 31 distinct heterozygous variants in the KMT2E gene (28 ascertained from Matchmaker Exchange and 3 previously reported), and 4 individuals with chromosome 7q22.2-22.23 microdeletions encompassing the KMT2E gene (1 previously reported). Almost all variants occurred de novo, and most were truncating. Most affected individuals with protein-truncating variants presented with mild intellectual disability. One-quarter of individuals met criteria for autism. Additional common features include macrocephaly, hypotonia, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities, and a subtle facial gestalt. Epilepsy was present in about one-fifth of individuals with truncating variants, and was responsive to treatment with anti-epileptic medications in almost all. Over 70% of the individuals were male and expressivity was variable by sex, with epilepsy more common in females and autism more common in males. The four individuals with microdeletions encompassing KMT2E generally presented similarly to those with truncating variants, but the degree of developmental delay was greater. The group of four individuals with missense variants in KMT2E presented with the most severe developmental delays. Epilepsy was present in all individuals with missense variants, often manifesting as treatment-resistant infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Microcephaly was also common in this group. Haploinsufficiency versus gain-of-function or dominant negative effects specific to these missense variants in KMT2E may explain this divergence in phenotype, but requires independent validation. Disruptive variants in KMT2E are an under-recognized cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell-Luria, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pais, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faundes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sveden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luria, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abou Jamra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Accogli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amburgey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderlid, B.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azzarello-Burri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basinger, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carre, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceulemans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culliton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) Study,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demurger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowling, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duban-Bedu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubourg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escobar, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrarini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haack, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heide, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helbig, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helbig, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heredia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heron, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isidor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonasson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joset, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroes, H. Y</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/566091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterozygous variants in KMT2E cause a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Tangent copy-number inference pipeline for cancer genome analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/566505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationSomatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) play an important role in cancer development. Systematic noise in sequencing and array data present a significant challenge to the inference of SCNAs for cancer genome analyses. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Broad Institute Genome Characterization Center developed the Tangent copy-number inference pipeline to generate copy-number profiles using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from over 10,000 pairs of tumors and matched normal samples. Here, we describe the Tangent pipeline, which begins with DNA sequencing data in the form of .bam files or raw SNP array probe-level intensity data, and ends with segmented copy-number calls to facilitate the identification of novel genes potentially targeted by SCNAs. We also describe a modification of Tangent, Pseudo-Tangent, which enables denoising through comparisons between tumor profiles when few normal samples are available.nnResultsTangent Normalization offers substantial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements compared to conventional normalization methods in both SNP array and WES analyses. The improvement in SNRs is achieved primarily through noise reduction with minimal effect on signal. Pseudo-Tangent also reduces noise when few normal samples are available. Tangent and Pseudo-Tangent are broadly applicable and enable more accurate inference of SCNAs from DNA sequencing and array data.nnAvailability and ImplementationTangent is available at https://github.com/coyin/tangent and as a Docker image (https://hub.docker.com/r/coyin/tangent). Tangent is also the normalization method for the Copy Number pipeline in Genome Analysis Toolkit 4 (GATK4).nnContactmatthew_meyerson@dfci.harvard.edu, rameen@broadinstitute.org, gadgetz@broadinstitute.org
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tabak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saksena, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill Meyers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlake, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherniack, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyerson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beroukhim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/566505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Tangent copy-number inference pipeline for cancer genome analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/568881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interaction of Hippocampal Ripples and Cortical Slow Waves Leads to Coordinated Large-Scale Sleep Rhythm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/568881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dialogue between cortex and hippocampus is known to be crucial for sleep dependent consolidation of long lasting memories. During slow wave sleep memory replay depends on slow oscillation (SO) and spindles in the (neo)cortex and sharp wave-ripple complexes (SWR) in the hippocampus, however, the mechanisms underlying interaction of these rhythms are poorly understood. Here, we examined the interaction between cortical SOs and hippocampal SWRs in a computational model of the hippocampo-cortico-thalamic network and compared the results with human intracranial recordings during sleep. We observed that ripple occurrence peaked following the onset of SO (Down-to-Up-state transition) and that cortical input to hippocampus was crucial to maintain this relationship. Ripples influenced the spatiotemporal structure of cortical SO and duration of the Up/Down-states. In particular, ripples were capable of synchronizing Up-to-Down state transition events across the cortical network. Slow waves had a tendency to initiate at cortical locations receiving hippocampal ripples, and these "initiators" were able to influence sequential reactivation within cortical Up states. We concluded that during slow wave sleep, hippocampus and neocortex maintain a complex interaction, where SOs bias the onset of ripples, while ripples influence the spatiotemporal pattern of SOs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malerba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/568881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interaction of Hippocampal Ripples and Cortical Slow Waves Leads to Coordinated Large-Scale Sleep Rhythm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/569038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Can sleep protect memories from catastrophic forgetting? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/569038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Continual learning remains to be an unsolved problem in artificial neural networks. Biological systems have evolved mechanisms by which they can prevent catastrophic forgetting of old knowledge during new training and allow lifelong learning. Building upon data suggesting the importance of sleep in learning and memory, here we test a hypothesis that sleep protects memories from catastrophic forgetting. We found that training in a thalamocortical network model of a "new" memory that interferes with previously stored "old" memory may result in degradation and forgetting of the old memory trace. Simulating NREM sleep immediately after new learning leads to replay, which reverses the damage and ultimately enhances both old and new memory traces. Surprisingly, we found that sleep replay goes beyond recovering old memory traces that were damaged by new learning. When a new memory competes for the neuronal/synaptic resources previously allocated to the old memory, sleep replay changes the synaptic footprint of the old memory trace to allow for the overlapping populations of neurons to store multiple memories. Different neurons become preferentially supporting different memory traces to allow successful recall. We compared synaptic weight dynamics during sleep replay with that during interleaved training - a common approach to overcome catastrophic forgetting in artificial networks - and found that interleaved training promotes synaptic competition and weakening of reciprocal synapses, effectively reducing an ensemble of neurons contributing to memory recall. This leads to suboptimal recall performance compared to that after sleep. Together, our results suggest that sleep provides a powerful mechanism to achieve continual learning by combining consolidation of new memory traces with reconsolidation of old memory traces to minimize memory interference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokolov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/569038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Can sleep protect memories from catastrophic forgetting?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/573352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of DNA motifs that regulate DNA methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/573352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark but how its locus-specificity is decided in relation to DNA sequence is not fully understood. Here, we have analyzed 34 diverse whole-genome bisulfite sequencing datasets in human and identified 313 motifs, including 92 and 221 associated with methylation (methylation motifs, MMs) and unmethylation (unmethylation motifs, UMs), respectively. The functionality of these motifs is supported by multiple lines of evidences. First, the methylation levels at the MM and UM motifs are respectively higher and lower than the genomic background. Second, these motifs are enriched at the binding sites of methylation modifying enzymes including DNMT3A and TET1, indicating their possible roles of recruiting these enzymes. Third, these motifs significantly overlap with SNPs associated with gene expression and those with DNA methylation. Fourth, disruption of these motifs by SNPs is associated with significantly altered methylation level of the CpGs in the neighbor regions. Furthermore, these motifs together with somatic SNPs are predictive of cancer subtypes and patient survival. We revealed some of these motifs were also associated with histone modifications, suggesting possible interplay between the two types of epigenetic modifications. We also found some motifs form feed forward loops to contribute to DNA methylation dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitaker, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/573352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of DNA motifs that regulate DNA methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Postmortem Cortex Samples Identify Distinct Molecular Subtypes of ALS: Retrotransposon Activation, Oxidative Stress, and Activated Glia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/574509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. While several inherited pathogenic mutations have been identified as causative, the vast majority of cases are sporadic with no family history of disease. Thus, for the majority of ALS cases, a specific causal abnormality is not known and the disease may be a product of multiple inter-related pathways contributing to varying degrees in different ALS patients. Using unsupervised machine learning algorithms, we stratified the transcriptomes of 148 ALS decedent cortex tissue samples into three distinct and robust molecular subtypes. The largest cluster, identified in 61% of patient samples, displayed hallmarks of oxidative and proteotoxic stress. Another 20% of the ALS patient samples exhibited high levels of retrotransposon expression and other signatures of TDP-43 dysfunction. Finally, a third group showed predominant signatures of glial activation (19%). Together these results demonstrate that at least three distinct molecular signatures contribute to ALS disease. While multiple dysregulated components and pathways comprising these clusters have previously been implicated in ALS pathogenesis, unbiased analysis of this large survey demonstrated that sporadic ALS patient tissues can be segregated into distinct molecular subsets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tam, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozhkov, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubbard, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennessey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Propp, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The NYGC ALS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagegaltier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrow, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phatnani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubnau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale Hammell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/574509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Postmortem Cortex Samples Identify Distinct Molecular Subtypes of ALS: Retrotransposon Activation, Oxidative Stress, and Activated Glia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/577718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying and understanding well-to-well contamination in microbiome research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/577718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial sequences inferred as belonging to one sample may not have originated from that sample. Such contamination may arise from laboratory or reagent sources or from physical exchange between samples. This study seeks to rigorously assess the behavior of this often-neglected between-sample contamination. Using unique bacteria each assigned a particular well in a plate, we assess the frequency at which sequences from each source appears in other wells. We evaluate the effects of different DNA extraction methods performed in two labs using a consistent plate layout including blanks, low biomass, and high biomass samples. Well-to-well contamination occurred primarily during DNA extraction, and to a lesser extent in library preparation, while barcode leakage was negligible. Labs differed in the levels of contamination. DNA extraction methods differed in their occurrences and levels of well-to-well contamination, with robotic methods having more well-to-well contamination while manual methods having higher background contaminants. Well-to-well contamination was observed to occur primarily in neighboring samples, with rare events up to 10 wells apart. The effect of well-to-well was greatest in samples with lower biomass, and negatively impacted metrics of alpha and beta diversity. Our work emphasizes that sample contamination is a combination of crosstalk from nearby wells and background contaminants. To reduce well-to-well effects, samples should be randomized across plates, and samples of similar biomass processed together. Researchers should evaluate well-to-well contamination in study design and avoid removal of taxa or OTUs appearing in negative controls, as many will be microbes from other samples rather than reagent contaminants.nnImportanceMicrobiome research has uncovered magnificent biological and chemical stories across nearly all areas of life science, at times creating controversy when findings reveal fantastic descriptions of microbes living and even thriving in once thought to be sterile environments. Scientists have refuted many of these claims because of contamination, which has led to robust requirements including use of controls for validating accurate portrayals of microbial communities. In this study, we describe a previously undocumented form of contamination, well-to-well contamination and show that contamination primarily occurs during DNA extraction rather than PCR, is highest in plate-based methods as compared to single tube extraction, and occurs in higher frequency in low biomass samples. This finding has profound importance on the field as many current techniques to  decontaminate a dataset simply relies on an assumption that microbial reads found in blanks are contaminants from  outside namely the reagents or consumables.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/577718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying and understanding well-to-well contamination in microbiome research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple memory tests in midlife improve prediction of mild cognitive impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONPredicting risk for Alzheimers disease when most people are likely still biomarker negative would aid earlier identification. We hypothesized that combining multiple memory tests and scores in middle-aged adults would provide useful, and non-invasive, prediction of 6-year progression to MCI.nnMETHODSWe examined 849 men who were cognitively normal at baseline (mean age=55.69{+/-}2.45).nnRESULTSCalifornia Verbal Learning Test learning trials was the best individual predictor of amnestic MCI (OR=4.75). A latent factor incorporating 7 measures across 3 memory tests provided much stronger prediction (OR=9.88). This compared favorably with biomarker-based prediction in a study of much older adults.nnDISCUSSIONNeuropsychological tests are sensitive and early indicators of Alzheimers disease risk at an age when few individuals are likely to have yet become biomarker positive. Single best measures may appear time- and cost-effective, but 30 additional minutes of testing, and use of multiple scores within tests, provides substantially improved prediction
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson-Cimino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/584193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple memory tests in midlife improve prediction of mild cognitive impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A newly defined cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase promotes thermotolerance as part of the Intracellular Pathogen Response in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracellular pathogen infection leads to proteotoxic stress in host organisms. Previously we described a physiological program in the nematode C. elegans called the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), which promotes resistance to proteotoxic stress and appears to be distinct from canonical proteostasis pathways. The IPR is controlled by PALS-22 and PALS-25, proteins of unknown biochemical function, which regulate expression of genes induced by natural intracellular pathogens. We previously showed that PALS-22 and PALS-25 regulate the mRNA expression of the predicted ubiquitin ligase component cullin cul-6, which promotes thermotolerance in pals-22 mutants. However, it was unclear whether CUL-6 acted alone, or together with other ubiquitin ligase components. Here we use co-immunoprecipitation studies paired with genetic analysis to define the cullin-RING ligase components that act together with CUL-6 to promote thermotolerance. First, we identify a previously uncharacterized RING domain protein in the TRIM family we named RCS-1, which acts as a core component with CUL-6 to promote thermotolerance. Next, we show that the Skp-related proteins SKR-3, SKR-4 and SKR-5 act redundantly to promote thermotolerance with CUL-6. Finally, we screened F-box proteins that co-immunoprecipitate with CUL-6 and find that FBXA-158 promotes thermotolerance. In summary, we have defined the three core components and an F-box adaptor of a cullin-RING ligase complex that promotes thermotolerance as part of the IPR in C. elegans, which adds to our understanding of how organisms cope with proteotoxic stress.nnSignificance StatementIntracellular pathogen infection in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans induces a robust transcriptional response as the host copes with infection. This response program includes several ubiquitin ligase components that are predicted to function in protein quality control. In this study, we show that these infection-induced ubiquitin ligase components form a protein complex that promotes increased tolerance of acute heat stress, an indicator of improved protein homeostasis capacity. These findings show that maintaining protein homeostasis may be a critical component of a multifaceted approach allowing the host to deal with stress caused by intracellular infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luallen, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/586834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A newly defined cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase promotes thermotolerance as part of the Intracellular Pathogen Response in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive recruitment of distal MEC-4 channels determines touch response strength in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Touch deforms, or strains, the skin beyond the immediate point of contact. The spatiotemporal nature of the touch-induced strain fields depend on the mechanical properties of the skin and the tissues below. Somatosensory neurons that sense touch branch out within the skin and rely on a set of mechano-electrical transduction channels distributed within their dendrites to detect mechanical stimuli. Here, we sought to understand how tissue mechanics shape touch-induced mechanical strain across the skin over time and how individual channels located in different regions of the strain field contribute to the overall touch response. We leveraged C. elegans touch receptor neurons (TRNs) as a simple model amenable to in vivo whole-cell patch clamp recording and an integrated experimental-computational approach to dissect the mechanisms underlying the spatial and temporal dynamics that we observed. Consistent with the idea that strain is produced at a distance, we show that delivering strong stimuli outside the anatomical extent of the neuron is sufficient to evoke MRCs. The amplitude and kinetics of the MRCs depended on both stimulus displacement and speed. Finally, we found that the main factor responsible for touch sensitivity is the recruitment of progressively more distant channels by stronger stimuli, rather than modulation of channel open probability. This principle may generalize to somatosensory neurons with more complex morphologies.nnSummaryThrough experiment and simulation, Katta et al. reveal that pushing faster and deeper recruits more and more distant mechano-electrical transduction channels during touch. The net result is a dynamic receptive field whose size and shape depends on tissue mechanics, stimulus parameters, and channel distribution within sensory neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanzeni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/587014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive recruitment of distal MEC-4 channels determines touch response strength in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/588020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recovery of trait heritability from whole genome sequence data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/588020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heritability, the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic factors, can be estimated from pedigree data 1, but such estimates are uninformative with respect to the underlying genetic architecture. Analyses of data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on unrelated individuals have shown that for human traits and disease, approximately one-third to two-thirds of heritability is captured by common SNPs 2-5. It is not known whether the remaining heritability is due to the imperfect tagging of causal variants by common SNPs, in particular if the causal variants are rare, or other reasons such as overestimation of heritability from pedigree data. Here we show that pedigree heritability for height and body mass index (BMI) appears to be largely recovered from whole-genome sequence (WGS) data on 25,465 unrelated individuals of European ancestry. We assigned 33.7 million genetic variants to groups based upon their minor allele frequencies (MAF) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) with variants nearby, and estimated and partitioned genetic variance accordingly. The estimated heritability was 0.68 (SE 0.10) for height and 0.30 (SE 0.10) for BMI, with a range of ~0.60 - 0.71 for height and ~0.25 - 0.35 for BMI, depending on quality control and analysis strategies. Low-MAF variants in low LD with neighbouring variants were enriched for heritability, to a greater extent for protein-altering variants, consistent with negative selection thereon. Cumulatively variants with 0.0001 < MAF < 0.1 explained 0.47 (SE 0.07) and 0.30 (SE 0.10) of heritability for height and BMI, respectively. Our results imply that rare variants, in particular those in regions of low LD, is a major source of the still missing heritability of complex traits and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wainschtein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yengo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TOPMed Anthropometry Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupples, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadyab, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKnight, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Psaty, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kooperberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roden, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darbar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnett, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regan, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotter, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, M.-L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellinor, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathias, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckbert, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redline, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, M. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanek, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGarvey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/588020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recovery of trait heritability from whole genome sequence data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting primary production in the southern California Current Ecosystem from chlorophyll, nutrient concentrations, and irradiance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigated the processes driving variability in primary productivity in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) in order to develop an algorithm for predicting primary productivity from in situ irradiance, nutrient, and chlorophyll (chl) measurements. Primary productivity data from seven process cruises of the CCE Long-Term Ecological Research (CCE LTER) program were used to parameterize the algorithm. An initial algorithm was developed using only irradiance to predict chl-specific productivity was found to have model-data misfit that was correlated with NH4+ concentrations. We thus found that the best estimates of primary productivity were obtained using an equation including NH4+ and irradiance: PP/Chl = V0mx(1-exp(-xPAR/V0m)xNH4/(NH4+KS), where PP/Chl is chlorophyll-specific primary production in units of mg C d-1 / mg Chl, PAR is photosynthetically active radiation (units of Ei m-2 s-1), NH4+ is in units of mol L-1, V0m = 66.5 mg C d-1 / mg Chl,  = 1.5, and KS = 0.025 mol L-1. We then used this algorithm to compute primary productivity rates for the CCE-P1706 cruise on which in situ primary productivity samples were not available. We compared these estimates to independent productivity estimates derived from protistan grazing dilution experiments and found excellent agreement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goericke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/590240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting primary production in the southern California Current Ecosystem from chlorophyll, nutrient concentrations, and irradiance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved acidic cluster motif in SERINC5 confers resistance to antagonism by HIV-1 Nef 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular protein SERINC5 inhibits the infectivity of diverse retroviruses and is counteracted by the glycoGag protein of MLV, the S2 protein of EIAV, and the Nef protein of HIV-1. Determining regions within SERINC5 that provide restrictive activity or Nef-sensitivity should inform mechanistic models of the SERINC5/HIV-1 relationship. Here, we report that deletion of the highly conserved sequence EDTEE, which is located within a cytoplasmic loop of SERINC5 and is reminiscent of an acidic cluster membrane trafficking signal, increases the sensitivity of SERINC5 to antagonism by Nef while having no effect on the intrinsic activity of the protein as an inhibitor of infectivity. The effects on infectivity correlated with enhanced removal of the {Delta}EDTEE mutant relative to wild type SERINC5 from the cell surface and with enhanced exclusion of the mutant protein from virions by Nef. Mutational analysis revealed that the acidic residues, but not the threonine, within the EDTEE motif are important for the relative resistance to Nef. Deletion of the EDTEE sequence did not increase the sensitivity of SERINC5 to antagonism by the glycoGag protein of MLV, suggesting that its virologic role is Nef-specific. These results are consistent with the reported mapping of the cytoplasmic loop that contains the EDTEE sequence as a general determinant of Nef-responsiveness, but they further indicate that sequences inhibitory to as well as supportive of Nef-activity reside in this region. We speculate that the EDTEE motif might have evolved to mediate resistance against retroviruses that use Nef-like proteins to antagonize SERINC5.nnImportanceCellular membrane proteins in the SERINC family, especially SERINC5, inhibit the infectivity of retroviral virions. This inhibition is counteracted by retroviral proteins, specifically HIV-1 Nef, MLV glycoGag, and EIAV S2. One consequence of such a host-pathogen "arms race" is compensatory change in the host antiviral protein as it evolves to escape the effects of the viral antagonist. This is often reflected in a genetic signature, positive selection, which is conspicuously missing in SERINC5. Here we show that despite this lack of genetic evidence, a sequence in SERINC5 nonetheless provides relative resistance to antagonism by HIV-1 Nef.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/590646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved acidic cluster motif in SERINC5 confers resistance to antagonism by HIV-1 Nef]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resting networks and personality predict attack speed in social spiders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Groups of social predators capture large prey items collectively, and their social interaction patterns may impact how quickly they can respond to time-sensitive predation opportunities. We investigated whether various organizational levels of resting interactions (individual, sub-group, group), observed at different intervals leading up to a collective prey attack, impacted the predation speed of colonies of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We found that in adult spiders overall group connectivity (average degree) increased group attack speed. However, this effect was detected only immediately before the predation event; connectivity two and four days before prey capture had little impact on the collective dynamics. Significantly, lower social proximity of the groups boldest individual to other group members (closeness centrality) immediately prior and two days before prey capture was associated with faster attack speeds. These results suggest that for adult spiders, the long-lasting effects of the boldest individual on the groups attack dynamics are mediated by its role in the social network, and not only by its boldness. This suggests that behavioural traits and social network relationships should be considered together when defining keystone individuals in some contexts. By contrast, for subadult spiders, while the group maximum boldness was negatively correlated with latency to attack, no significant resting network predictors of latency to attack were found. Thus, separate behavioural mechanisms might play distinctive roles in determining collective outcomes at different developmental stages, timescales, and levels of social organization.nnSignificance statementCertain animals in a group, such as leaders, may have a more important role than other group members in determining their collective behavior. Often these individuals are defined by their behavioral attributes, for example, being bolder than others. We show that in social spiders both the behavioral traits of the influential individual, and its interactions with other group members, shape its role in affecting how quickly the group collectively attacks prey.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hunt, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geremew, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinter-Wollman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/591453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resting networks and personality predict attack speed in social spiders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common DNA sequence variation influences 3-dimensional conformation of the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/592741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin inside the nucleus is integral to a variety of nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. Aberrations in 3D chromatin conformation have been implicated in developmental abnormalities and cancer. Despite the importance of 3D chromatin conformation to cellular function and human health, little is known about how 3D chromatin conformation varies in the human population, or whether DNA sequence variation between individuals influences 3D chromatin conformation. To address these questions, we performed Hi-C on Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines (LCLs) from 20 individuals. We identified thousands of regions across the genome where 3D chromatin conformation varies between individuals and found that this conformational variation is often accompanied by variation in gene expression, histone modifications, and transcription factor (TF) binding. Moreover, we found that DNA sequence variation influences several features of 3D chromatin conformation including loop strength, contact insulation, contact directionality and density of local cis contacts. We mapped hundreds of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) associated with 3D chromatin features and found evidence that some of these same variants are associated at modest levels with other molecular phenotypes as well as complex disease risk. Our results demonstrate that common DNA sequence variants can influence 3D chromatin conformation, pointing to a more pervasive role for 3D chromatin conformation in human phenotypic variation than previously recognized.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fletez-Brant, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/592741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common DNA sequence variation influences 3-dimensional conformation of the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic production shapes niche competition in the human skin microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The composition of the skin microbiome varies widely among individuals sampled at the same body site. A key question is which molecular factors determine strain-level variability within sub-ecosystems of the skin. We used a genomics-guided approach to identify an antibacterial biosynthetic gene cluster in Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) that is widely distributed across individuals and skin sites. Experimental characterization of this cluster enabled the identification of a new thiopeptide antibiotic, cutimycin. Analysis of individual human skin hair follicles showed that cutimycin is an important factor regulating colonization resistance against Staphylococcus species.nnOne Sentence SummaryCutimycin, a thiopeptide antibiotic produced by a widespread skin commensal, reduces Staphylococcus colonization of human follicles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Claesen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spagnolo, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores Ramos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurita, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrd, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donia, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segre, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linington, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischbach, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemon, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic production shapes niche competition in the human skin microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
StanDep: capturing transcriptomic variability improves context-specific metabolic models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse algorithms can integrate transcriptomics with genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) to build context-specific metabolic models. These algorithms require identification of a list of high confidence (core) reactions from transcriptomics, but parameters related to identification of core reactions, such as thresholding of expression profiles, can significantly change model content. Importantly, current thresholding approaches are burdened with setting singular arbitrary thresholds for all genes; thus, resulting in removal of enzymes needed in small amounts and even many housekeeping genes. Here, we describe StanDep, a novel heuristic method for using transcriptomics to identify core reactions prior to building context-specific metabolic models. StanDep clusters gene expression data based on their expression pattern across different contexts and determines thresholds for each cluster using data-dependent statistics, specifically standard deviation and mean. To demonstrate the use of StanDep, we built hundreds of models for the NCI-60 cancer cell lines. These models successfully increased the inclusion of housekeeping reactions, which are often lost in models built using standard thresholding approaches. Further, StanDep also provided a transcriptomic explanation for inclusion of lowly expressed reactions that were otherwise only supported by model extraction methods. Our study also provides novel insights into how cells may deal with context-specific and ubiquitous functions. StanDep, as a MATLAB toolbox, is available at https://github.com/LewisLabUCSD/StanDep
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinn, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[StanDep: capturing transcriptomic variability improves context-specific metabolic models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuisance effects in inter-scan functional connectivity estimates before and after nuisance regression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In resting-state functional MRI, the correlation between blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals across brain regions is used to estimate the functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. FC estimates are prone to the influence of nuisance factors including scanner-related artifacts and physiological modulations of the BOLD signal. Nuisance regression is widely performed to reduce the effect of nuisance factors on FC estimates on a per-scan basis. However, a dedicated analysis of nuisance effects on the variability of FC metrics across a collection of scans has been lacking. This work investigates the effects of nuisance factors on the variability of FC estimates across a collection of scans both before and after nuisance regression. Inter-scan variations in FC estimates are shown to be significantly correlated with the geometric norms of various nuisance terms, including head motion measurements, signals derived from white-matter and cerebrospinal regions, and the whole-brain global signal (GS) both before and after nuisance regression. In addition, it is shown that GS regression (GSR) can introduce GS norm-related fluctuations that are negatively correlated with inter-scan FC estimates. The empirical results are shown to be largely consistent with the predictions of a theoretical framework previously developed for the characterization of dynamic FC measures. This work shows that caution must be exercised when interpreting inter-scan FC measures across scans both before and after nuisance regression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nalci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/603183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuisance effects in inter-scan functional connectivity estimates before and after nuisance regression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/604371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin co-accessibility is highly structured, spans entire chromosomes, and mediates long range regulatory genetic effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/604371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin accessibility identifies active regions of the genome, often at transcription factor (TF) binding sites, enhancers, and promoters, and contains regulatory genetic variation. Functionally related accessible sites have been reported to be co-accessible; however, the prevalence and range of co-accessibility is unknown. We perform ATAC-seq in induced pluripotent stem cells from 134 individuals and integrate it with RNA-seq, WGS, and ChIP-seq, providing the first long-range chromosome-length analysis of co-accessibility. We show that co-accessibility is highly connected, with sites having a median of 24 co-accessible partners up to 250Mb away. We also show that co-accessibility can de novo identify known and novel co-expressed genes, and co-regulatory TFs and chromatin states. We perform a cis and trans-caQTL, a trans-eQTL, and examine allelic effects of co-accessibility, identifying tens of thousands of trans-caQTLs, and showing that trans genetic effects can be propagated through co-accessibility to gene expression for cell-type and disease relevant genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/604371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin co-accessibility is highly structured, spans entire chromosomes, and mediates long range regulatory genetic effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/607267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Confinement and reversibility of threshold-dependent gene drive systems in spatially-explicit Aedes aegypti populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/607267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe discovery of CRISPR-based gene editing and its application to homing-based gene drive systems has been greeted with excitement, for its potential to control mosquito-borne diseases on a wide scale, and concern, for the invasiveness and potential irreversibility of a release. Gene drive systems that display threshold-dependent behavior could potentially be used during the trial phase of this technology, or when localized control is otherwise desired, as simple models predict them to spread into partially isolated populations in a confineable manner, and to be reversible through releases of wild-type organisms. Here, we model hypothetical releases of two recently-engineered threshold-dependent gene drive systems - reciprocal chromosomal translocations and a form of toxin-antidote-based underdominance known as UDMEL - to explore their ability to be confined and remediated.

ResultsWe simulate releases of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, Zika and other arboviruses, in Yorkeys Knob, a suburb of Cairns, Australia, where previous biological control interventions have been undertaken on this species. We monitor spread to the neighboring suburb of Trinity Park to assess confinement. Results suggest that translocations could be introduced on a suburban scale, and remediated through releases of non-disease-transmitting male mosquitoes with release sizes on the scale of what has been previously implemented. UDMEL requires fewer releases to introduce, but more releases to remediate, including of females capable of disease transmission. Both systems are expected to be confineable to the release site; however, spillover of translocations into neighboring populations is less likely.

ConclusionsOur analysis supports the use of translocations as a threshold-dependent drive system capable of spreading disease-refractory genes into Ae. aegypti populations in a confineable and reversible manner. It also highlights increased release requirements when incorporating life history and population structure into models. As the technology nears implementation, further ecological work will be essential to enhance model predictions in preparation for field trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez C., H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/607267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Confinement and reversibility of threshold-dependent gene drive systems in spatially-explicit Aedes aegypti populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/607408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motto: Representing motifs in consensus sequences with minimum information loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/607408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence analysis frequently requires intuitive understanding and convenient representation of motifs. Typically, motifs are represented as position weight matrices (PWMs) and visualized using sequence logos. However, in many scenarios, representing motifs by wildcard-style consensus sequences is compact and sufficient for interpreting the motif information and search for motif match. Based on mutual information theory and Jenson-Shannon Divergence, we propose a mathematical framework to minimize the information loss in converting PWMs to consensus sequences. We name this representation as sequence Motto and have implemented an efficient algorithm with flexible options for converting motif PWMs into Motto from nucleotides, amino acids, and customized alphabets. Here we show that this representation provides a simple and efficient way to identify the binding sites of 1156 common TFs in the human genome. The effectiveness of the method was benchmarked by comparing sequence matches found by Motto with PWM scanning results found by FIMO. On average, our method achieves 0.81 area under the precision-recall curve, significantly (p-value < 0.01) outperforming all existing methods, including maximal positional weight, Douglas and minimal mean square error. We believe this representation provides a distilled summary of a motif, as well as the statistical justification.nnAVAILABILITYMotto is freely available at http://wanglab.ucsd.edu/star/motto.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/607408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motto: Representing motifs in consensus sequences with minimum information loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/609206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methods for the generation of heritable germline mutations in the disease vector Culex quinquefasciatus using CRISPR/Cas9. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/609206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culex quinquefasciatus is vector of many diseases that adversely impact human and animal health; however, compared to other mosquito vectors limited genome engineering technologies have been characterized for this vector. CRISPR-Cas9 based technologies are a powerful tool for genome engineering and functional genomics and consequently have transformed genomics studies in many organisms. Our objective was to improve upon the limited technologies available for genome editing in Cx. quinquefasciatus to create a reproducible and straightforward method for CRISPR-Cas9-targeted mutagenesis in this vector. Here we describe methods to both improve embryo survival rates as well as mutagenesis rates by optimizing injection supplies and equipment, embryo injection procedures, embryo handling and gRNA target design. Through these efforts, we achieved embryo survival rates and germline mutagenesis rates that greatly exceed any previously reported rates in this vector. This work was also the first characterize the white gene marker, which is a valuable phenotypic marker for future transgenesis or mutagenesis of this vector. In the end, these tools provide the framework for future functional genomic studies in this important disease vector and may support the development of future gene drive and genetic technologies that can be used to control this vector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raban, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/609206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methods for the generation of heritable germline mutations in the disease vector Culex quinquefasciatus using CRISPR/Cas9.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/611772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of a Protein Kinase Via Asymmetric Allosteric Coupling of Structurally Conserved Signaling Modules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/611772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWCyclic nucleotide binding (CNB) domains are universally conserved signaling modules that regulate the activities of diverse protein functions. Yet, the structural and dynamic features that enable the cyclic nucleotide binding signal to allosterically regulate other functional domains remain unknown. We use force spectroscopy and molecular dynamics to monitor in real time the pathways of signals transduced by cAMP binding in protein kinase A (PKA). Despite being structurally conserved, we find that the response of the folding energy landscape to cAMP is domain-specific, resulting in unique but mutually coordinated regulatory tasks: one CNB domain initiates cAMP binding and cooperativity, while the other triggers inter-domain interactions that lock the active conformation. Moreover, we identify a new cAMP-responsive switch, whose stability and conformation depends on cAMP occupancy. Through mutagenesis and nucleotide analogs we show that this dynamic switch serves as a signaling hub, a previously unidentified role that amplifies the cAMP binding signal during the allosteric activation of PKA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belluci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodges, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maillard, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/611772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of a Protein Kinase Via Asymmetric Allosteric Coupling of Structurally Conserved Signaling Modules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-dependent polygenic effects on the clinical progressions of Alzheimer’s disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex differences in the manifestations of Alzheimers disease (AD) are under intense investigations 1,2. Despite the emerging importance of polygenic predictions for AD 3-8, the sex-dependent polygenic effects have not been demonstrated. Here, using a sex crossover analysis, we show that sex-dependent autosomal genetic effects on AD can be revealed by characterizing disease progress via the hazard function. We first performed sex-stratified genome-wide associations, and then applied derived sex-dependent weights to two independent cohorts. Sex-matched polygenic hazard scores (PHS) have significantly stronger associations with age-at-disease-onset, clinical progressions, amyloid depositions, neurofibrillary tangles, and composite neuropathological scores, than sex-mismatched PHS, independent of apolipoprotein E. Models without using hazard weights, i.e. polygenic risk scores (PRS), have lower predictive power than PHS and show no evidence for sex differences. Our results indicate revealing sex-dependent genetic architecture requires the consideration of temporal processes of AD. This has strong implications not only for the genetic underpinning of AD but also for how we estimate sex-dependent polygenic effects for clinical use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEvoy, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukull, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrer, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayeux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/613893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-dependent polygenic effects on the clinical progressions of Alzheimer’s disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and Accurate Clustering of Single Cell Epigenomes Reveals Cis-Regulatory Elements in Rare Cell Types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of the cis-regulatory elements controlling cell-type specific gene expression patterns is essential for understanding the origin of cellular diversity. Conventional assays to map regulatory elements via open chromatin analysis of primary tissues is hindered by heterogeneity of the samples. Single cell analysis of transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) can overcome this limitation. However, the high-level noise of each single cell profile and the large volumes of data could pose unique computational challenges. Here, we introduce SnapATAC, a software package for analyzing scATAC-seq datasets. SnapATAC can efficiently dissect cellular heterogeneity in an unbiased manner and map the trajectories of cellular states. Using the Nystrom method, a sampling technique that generates the low rank embedding for large-scale dataset, SnapATAC can process data from up to a million cells. Furthermore, SnapATAC incorporates existing tools into a comprehensive package for analyzing single cell ATAC-seq dataset. As demonstration of its utility, SnapATAC was applied to 55,592 single-nucleus ATAC-seq profiles from the mouse secondary motor cortex. The analysis revealed [~]370,000 candidate regulatory elements in 31 distinct cell populations in this brain region and inferred candidate transcriptional regulators in each of the cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motamedi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiau, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/615179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and Accurate Clustering of Single Cell Epigenomes Reveals Cis-Regulatory Elements in Rare Cell Types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homeostatic mechanisms may shape the type and duration of oscillatory modulation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural oscillations are observed ubiquitously in the mammalian brain, but their stability is known to be rather variable. Some oscillations are tonic and last for seconds or even minutes. Other oscillations appear as unstable bursts. Likewise, some oscillations rely on excitatory AMPAergic synapses, but others are GABAergic and inhibitory. Why this diversity exists is not clear. We hypothesized Ca 2+ -dependent homeostasis could be important in finding an explanation. We tested this hypothesis in a highly simplified model of hippocampal neurons. In this model homeostasis profoundly alters the modulatory effect of neural oscillations. Under homeostasis, tonic AMPAergic oscillations actually decrease excitability and desynchronize firing. Tonic oscillations that are synaptically GABAergic-like those in real hippocampus-dont provoke a homeostatic response, however. If our simple model is correct, homeostasis can explain why the theta rhythm in the hippocampus is synaptically inhibitory: GABA has little to no intrinsic homeostatic response, and so can preserve the pyramidal cells natural dynamic range. Based on these results we can also speculate that homeostasis may explain why AMPAergic oscillations in cortex, and hippocampus, often appear as bursts. Bursts do not interact with the slow homeostatic time constant, and so retain their normal excitatory effect.

NO_SCPLOWEWC_SCPLOWO_SCPCAP C_SCPCAPO_SCPLOWANDC_SCPLOW NO_SCPLOWOTEWORTHYC_SCPLOWThe intricate interplay of neuromodulators, like acetylcholine, with homeostasis is well known. The interplay between oscillatory modulation and homeostasis is not. We studied oscillatory modulation and homeostasis for the first time using a simplified model of hippocampus. We report a paradoxical result: Ca-mediated homeostasis causes AMPAergic oscillations to become effectively inhibitory. This result, along with other new observations, means homeostasis might be just as complex and important for oscillations as it is for other neuromodulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peterson, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/615450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homeostatic mechanisms may shape the type and duration of oscillatory modulation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice: in vivo and in silico validation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic, unresolved inflammation in insulin-targeted tissues. Obesity-induced inflammation accumulates proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue and liver. Proinflammatory cytokines released from tissue macrophages inhibits insulin sensitivity. Chromogranin A (CgA) peptide catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) improves obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance by reducing inflammation and inhibiting proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. Obesity leads to inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance. We reasoned that the anti-inflammatory effects of CST would alleviate ER stress. CST decreased obesity-induced ER dilation in hepatocytes and macrophages. CST reduced phosphorylation of UPR signaling molecules and increased phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules. We developed an in silico state space model mimicking dynamics of integrated ER stress and insulin pathways. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers helped in checking whether the reduction of phosphorylated PERK resulting in attenuation of ER stress, resembling CST effect, could enhance insulin sensitivity. The simulation results showed CST not only decreased ER stress but also enhanced insulin sensitivity. Simulation results also revealed that enhancement of AKT phosphorylation overcame effects of high ER stress to achieve insulin sensitivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/615997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice: in vivo and in silico validation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/618330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A network of microRNAs acts to promote cell cycle exit and differentiation of human pancreatic endocrine cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/618330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation is orchestrated by transcription factors that operate in a gene regulatory network to activate endocrine lineage genes and repress lineage-inappropriate genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of gene expression, yet their role in endocrine cell differentiation has not been explored system-wide. Here we characterize miRNA-regulatory networks active in human endocrine cell differentiation by combining small RNA sequencing, miRNA overexpression experiments, and network modeling approaches. This analysis identifies Let-7g, Let-7a, miR-200a, and miR-375 as endocrine-enriched miRNAs with high impact on driving endocrine differentiation-associated gene expression changes. These miRNAs target different sets of transcription factors, which converge on a network of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. When expressed in human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors these miRNAs induce cell cycle exit and promote endocrine cell differentiation. Our study delineates the role of miRNAs in human endocrine cell differentiation and identifies miRNAs that could facilitate endocrine cell reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaertner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinckier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Ngoc, K.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaestner, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrano, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/618330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A network of microRNAs acts to promote cell cycle exit and differentiation of human pancreatic endocrine cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic hazard score to personalize prostate cancer screening, applied to population data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenetic risk stratification may inform decisions of whether--and when--a man should undergo prostate cancer (PCa) screening. We previously validated a polygenic hazard score (PHS), a weighted sum of 54 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, for accurate prediction of age of onset of aggressive PCa and improved screening performance. We now assess the potential impact of PHS-informed screening.nnMethodsUnited Kingdom population data were fit to a continuous model of age-specific PCa incidence. Using hazard ratios estimated from ProtecT trial data, age-specific incidence rates were calculated for percentiles of genetic risk. Incidence of higher-grade PCa (Gleason[&ge;]7) was estimated from age-specific data from the linked CAP trial. PHS and incidence data were combined to give a risk-equivalent age, when a man with a given PHS percentile will have risk of higher-grade PCa equivalent to that of a typical man at age 50 (50-years standard). Positive predictive value (PPV) of PSA testing was calculated using PHS-adjusted (PCa-risk-equivalent age) groups identified from ProtecT.nnResultsExpected age of onset of higher-grade PCa is modulated by 19 years between the 1st and 99th PHS percentiles. A man with PHS in the 99th percentile reaches 50-years-standard risk at age 41; conversely, a man in the 1st percentile reaches this risk at age 60. PPV of PSA was higher for men with higher PHS-adjusted age.nnConclusionsPHS informs PCa screening strategies with individualized estimates of risk-equivalent age for higher-grade PCa. Screening initiation could be adjusted according to a mans genetic hazard score, improving PPV of PSA screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huynh-Le, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdy, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeles, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kote-Jarai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin Al Olama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benlloch Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiklund, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleutker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipeky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tammela, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordestgaard, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashayan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibodeau, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaid, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedeke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herkommer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibel, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wokolorczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluzniak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon-Albright,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/619718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic hazard score to personalize prostate cancer screening, applied to population data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Escherichia coli Transcriptome Consists of Independently Regulated Modules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Underlying cellular responses is a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) that modulates gene expression. A useful description of the TRN would decompose the transcriptome into targeted effects of individual transcriptional regulators. Here, we applied unsupervised learning to a compendium of high-quality Escherichia coli RNA-seq datasets to identify 70 statistically independent signals that modulate the expression of specific gene sets. We show that 50 of these transcriptomic signals represent the effects of currently characterized transcriptional regulators. Condition-specific activation of signals was validated by exposure of E. coli to new environmental conditions. The resulting decomposition of the transcriptome provided: (1) a mechanistic, systems-level, network-based explanation of responses to environmental and genetic perturbations, (2) a guide to gene and regulator function discovery, and (3) a basis for characterizing transcriptomic differences in multiple strains. Taken together, our results show that signal summation forms an underlying principle that describes the composition of a model prokaryotic transcriptome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/620799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Escherichia coli Transcriptome Consists of Independently Regulated Modules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/621532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo emergence of adaptive membrane proteins from thymine-rich intergenic sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/621532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent evidence demonstrates that novel protein-coding genes can arise de novo from intergenic loci. This evolutionary innovation is thought to be facilitated by the pervasive translation of intergenic transcripts, which exposes a reservoir of variable polypeptides to natural selection. Do intergenic translation events yield polypeptides with useful biochemical capacities? The answer to this question remains controversial. Here, we systematically characterized how de novo emerging coding sequences impact fitness. In budding yeast, overexpression of these sequences was enriched in beneficial effects, while their disruption was generally inconsequential. We found that beneficial emerging sequences have a strong tendency to encode putative transmembrane proteins, which appears to stem from a cryptic propensity for transmembrane signals throughout thymine-rich intergenic regions of the genome. These findings suggest that novel genes with useful biochemical capacities, such as transmembrane domains, tend to evolve de novo within intergenic loci that already harbored a blueprint for these capacities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vakirlis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castilho Coelho, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Oss, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wacholder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medetgul-Ernar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ianotta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLysaght, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvunis, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/621532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo emergence of adaptive membrane proteins from thymine-rich intergenic sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pupillary dilation responses as a midlife indicator of risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: Association with Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathological changes in Alzheimers disease (AD) begin decades before dementia onset. Because locus coeruleus tau pathology is the earliest occurring AD pathology, targeting indicators of locus coeruleus (dys)function may improve midlife screening for earlier identification of AD risk. Pupillary responses during cognitive tasks are driven by the locus coeruleus and index cognitive effort. Several findings suggest task-associated pupillary response as an early marker of AD risk. Requiring greater effort suggests being closer to ones compensatory capacity, and adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have greater pupil dilation during digit span tasks than cognitively normal individuals, despite equivalent task performance. Higher AD polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs) are associated with increased odds of MCI and tau positivity. We hypothesized that AD-PRSs would be associated with pupillary responses in cognitively normal middle-aged adults. We demonstrated that pupillary responses during digit span tasks were heritable (h2=.30-.36) in 1119 men ages 56-66. We then examined associations between AD-PRSs and pupillary responses in a cognitively normal subset who all had comparable span capacities (n=539). Higher AD-PRSs were associated with greater pupil dilation/effort in a high (9-digit recall) cognitive load condition; Cohens d=.36 for the upper versus lower quartile of the AD-PRS distribution. Results held up after controlling for APOE genotype. The results support pupillary response--and by inference, locus coeruleus dysfunction--as a genetically-mediated biomarker of early MCI/AD risk. In some studies, cognition predicted disease progression earlier than biomarkers. Pupillary responses might improve screening and early identification of genetically at-risk individuals even before cognitive performance declines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granholm, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pupillary dilation responses as a midlife indicator of risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: Association with Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis of mammary gland development reveals cell state transcriptional regulators and cellular lineage relationships 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has only recently become possible to obtain single-cell level resolution of the epigenetic changes that occur during organ development. We reasoned that precision single-cell chromatin accessibility mapping of mammary gland development could provide needed insight into the epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional regulators involved in normal mammary gland development. Here, we provide the first single-cell resource of chromatin accessibility for murine mammary development from the peak of fetal mammary stem cell (fMaSC) functional activity in late embryogenesis to the differentiation of adult basal and luminal cells. We find that the chromatin landscape within individual cells predicts both gene accessibility and transcription factor activity, and we present a web application as a scientific resource for facilitating future analyses. Strikingly, these single-cell chromatin profiling data reveal that fMaSCs can be separated into basal-like and luminal-like lineages, providing evidence of early lineage segregation prior to birth. Such distinctions were not evident in analyses of single-cell transcriptomic data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dravis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraddi, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahl, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis of mammary gland development reveals cell state transcriptional regulators and cellular lineage relationships]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/626424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mammalian gene expression variability is explained by underlying cell state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/626424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression variability in mammalian systems plays an important role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This variability can come from differential regulation related to cell state (extrinsic) and allele-specific transcriptional bursting (intrinsic). Yet, the relative contribution of these two distinct sources is unknown. Here we exploit the qualitative difference in the patterns of covariance between these two sources to quantify their relative contributions to expression variance in mammalian cells. Using multiplexed error robust RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (MERFISH) we measured the multivariate gene expression distribution of 150 genes related to Ca2+ signaling coupled with the dynamic Ca2+ response of live cells to ATP. We show that after controlling for cellular phenotypic states such as size, cell cycle stage, and Ca2+ response to ATP, the remaining variability is effectively at the Poisson limit for most genes. These findings demonstrate that the majority of expression variability results from cell state differences and that the contribution of transcriptional bursting is relatively minimal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foreman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/626424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mammalian gene expression variability is explained by underlying cell state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Confidence Sets for Raw Effect Size Images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mass-univariate approach for functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) analysis remains a widely used and fundamental statistical tool within neuroimaging. However, this method suffers from at least two fundamental limitations: First, with sample sizes growing to 4, 5 or even 6 digits, the entire approach is undermined by the null hypothesis fallacy, i.e. with sufficient sample size, there is high enough statistical power to reject the null hypothesis everywhere, making it difficult if not impossible to localize effects of interest. Second, with any sample size, when cluster-size inference is used a significant p-value only indicates that a cluster is larger than chance, and no notion of spatial uncertainty is provided. Therefore, no perception of confidence is available to express the size or location of a cluster that could be expected with repeated sampling from the population.nnIn this work, we address these issues by extending on a method proposed by Sommerfeld, Sain, and Schwartzman (2018) to develop spatial Confidence Sets (CSs) on clusters found in thresholded raw effect size maps. While hypothesis testing indicates where the null, i.e. a raw effect size of zero, can be rejected, the CSs give statements on the locations where raw effect sizes exceed, and fall short of, a non-zero threshold, providing both an upper and lower CS.nnWhile the method can be applied to any parameter in a mass-univariate General Linear Model, we motivate the method in the context of BOLD fMRI contrast maps for inference on percentage BOLD change raw effects. We propose several theoretical and practical implementation advancements to the original method in order to deliver an improved performance in small-sample settings. We validate the method with 3D Monte Carlo simulations that resemble fMRI data. Finally, we compute CSs for the Human Connectome Project working memory task contrast images, illustrating the brain regions that show a reliable %BOLD change for a given %BOLD threshold.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bowring, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telschow, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/631473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Confidence Sets for Raw Effect Size Images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/637512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic Score of Intelligence is More Predictive of Crystallized than Fluid Performance Among Children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/637512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFindings in adults have shown more culturally sensitive  crystallized measures of intelligence have greater heritability, these results were not able to be shown in children.

MethodsWith data from 8,518 participants, aged 9 to 11, from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study(R), we used polygenic predictors of intelligence test performance (based on genome-wide association meta-analyses of data from 269,867 individuals) and of educational attainment (based on data from 1.1 million individuals), associating these predictors with neurocognitive performance. We then assessed the extent of mediation of these associations by a measure of recreational reading.

Resultsmore culturally sensitive  crystallized measures were more strongly associated with the polygenic predictors than were less culturally sensitive  fluid measures. This mirrored heritability differences reported previously in adults and suggests similar associations in children. Recreational reading more strongly statistically mediated the genetic associations with crystallized than those with fluid measures of cognition.

ConclusionThis is consistent with a prominent role of gene-environment correlation in cognitive development measured by "crystallized" intelligence tests. Such experiential mediators may represent malleable targets for improving cognitive outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/637512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic Score of Intelligence is More Predictive of Crystallized than Fluid Performance Among Children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/637637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
metaFlye: scalable long-read metagenome assembly using repeat graphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/637637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-read sequencing technologies substantially improved assemblies of many isolate bacterial genomes as compared to fragmented assemblies produced with short-read technologies. However, assembling complex metagenomic datasets remains a challenge even for the state-of-the-art long-read assemblers. To address this gap, we present the metaFlye assembler and demonstrate that it generates highly contiguous and accurate metagenome assemblies. In contrast to short-read metagenomics assemblers that typically fail to reconstruct full-length 16S RNA genes, metaFlye captures many 16S RNA genes within long contigs, thus providing new opportunities for analyzing the microbial "dark matter of life". We also demonstrate that long-read metagenome assemblers significantly improve full-length plasmid and virus reconstruction as compared to short-read assemblers and reveal many novel plasmids and viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kolmogorov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polevikov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/637637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[metaFlye: scalable long-read metagenome assembly using repeat graphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/641506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution and high-accuracy topographic and transcriptional maps of the nucleosome barrier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/641506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleosomes represent mechanical and energetic barriers that RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) must overcome during transcription. A high-resolution description of the barrier topography, its modulation by epigenetic modifications, and their effects on Pol II nucleosome crossing dynamics, is still missing. Here, we obtain topographic and transcriptional (Pol II residence time) maps of canonical, H2A.Z, and monoubiquitinated H2B (uH2B) nucleosomes at near base-pair resolution and accuracy. Pol II crossing dynamics are complex, displaying pauses at specific loci, backtracking, and nucleosome hopping between wrapped states. While H2A.Z widens the barrier, uH2B heightens it, and both modifications greatly lengthen Pol II crossing time. Using the dwell times of Pol II at each nucleosomal position we extract the energetics of the barrier. The orthogonal barrier modifications of H2A.Z and uH2B, and their effects on Pol II dynamics rationalize their observed enrichment in +1 nucleosomes and suggest a mechanism for selective control of gene expression.nnHighlightsO_LIA single-molecule unzipping assay mimics DNA unwinding by Pol II and maps the topography of human canonical, H2A.Z and uH2B nucleosome barriers at high resolutionnC_LIO_LIReal-time dynamics and full molecular trajectories of Pol II crossing the nucleosomal barrier reveal the transcriptional landscape of the barrier at high accuracynC_LIO_LIH2A.Z enhances the width and uH2B the height of the barriernC_LIO_LIA unified mechanical model links position-dependent dwell times of Pol II on the nucleosome with energetics of the barriernC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabizon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Celis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/641506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution and high-accuracy topographic and transcriptional maps of the nucleosome barrier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inverted encoding models estimate sensible channel responses for sensible models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a commentary published in eNeuro, Gardner & Liu (2019) discuss the role of model specification in interpreting the output of complex models of neural data. As a case study, they suggest that one variant of such analyses, the inverted encoding model (IEM) analysis framework, should not be used to assay properties of "stimulus representations" because the ability to apply linear transformations at various stages of the analysis procedure renders results  arbitrary. As we discuss, the specification of all models is arbitrary to the extent that an experimenter makes choices based on current knowledge of the model system. However, the results derived from any given model, such as the reconstructed channel response profiles obtained from an IEM analysis, are uniquely defined and are arbitrary only in the sense that changes in the model can predictably change results. Moreover, with knowledge of the model used for IEM analyses, the results remain informative as comparisons between reconstructed channel response profiles across task conditions using a fixed encoding model - the most common use of the IEM technique - can generally capture changes in population-level representation magnitude across linear transformations. Thus, changes in the magnitude of the response profiles across conditions are preserved, even across unprincipled linear transforms. IEM-based channel response profiles should therefore not be considered arbitrary when the model is clearly specified and guided by our best understanding of neural population representations in the brain regions being analyzed. Intuitions derived from this case study are important to consider when interpreting results from all model-based analyses, which are similarly contingent upon the specification of the models used.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boynton, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/642710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inverted encoding models estimate sensible channel responses for sensible models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/643510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The olfactory basis of orchid pollination by mosquitoes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/643510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosquitoes are important vectors of disease and require sources of carbohydrates for reproduction and survival. Unlike host-related behaviors of mosquitoes, comparatively less is understood about the mechanisms involved in nectar-feeding decisions, or how this sensory information is processed in the mosquito brain. Here we show that Aedes spp. mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti, are effective pollinators of the Platanthera obtusata orchid, and demonstrate this mutualism is mediated by the orchids scent and the balance of excitation and inhibition in the mosquitos antennal lobe (AL). The P. obtusata orchid emits an attractive, nonanal-rich scent, whereas related Platanthera species - not visited by mosquitoes - emit scents dominated by lilac aldehyde. Calcium imaging experiments in the mosquito AL revealed that nonanal and lilac aldehyde each respectively activate the LC2 and AM2 glomerulus, and remarkably, the AM2 glomerulus is also sensitive to DEET, a mosquito repellent. Lateral inhibition between these two glomeruli reflects the level of attraction to the orchid scents: whereas the enriched nonanal scent of P. obtusata activates the LC2 and suppresses AM2, the high level of lilac aldehyde in the other orchid scents inverts this pattern of glomerular activity, and behavioral attraction is lost. These results demonstrate the ecological importance of mosquitoes beyond operating as disease vectors and open the door towards understanding the neural basis of mosquito nectar-seeking behaviors.nnSignificance StatementNectar-feeding by mosquitoes is important for survival and reproduction, and hence disease transmission. However, we know little about the sensory mechanisms that mediate mosquito attraction to sources of nectar, like those of flowers, or how this information is processed in the mosquito brain. Using a unique mutualism between Aedes mosquitoes and Platanthera obtusata orchids, we reveal that this mutualism is mediated by the orchids scent. Furthermore, lateral inhibition in the mosquitos antennal (olfactory) lobe - via the neurotransmitter GABA - is critical for the representation of the scent. These results have implications toward understanding the olfactory basis of mosquito-nectar-seeking behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lahondere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinauger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okubo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riffell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/643510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The olfactory basis of orchid pollination by mosquitoes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/643551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial morphology provides a mechanism for energy buffering at synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/643551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria as the main energy suppliers of eukaryotic cells are highly dynamic organelles that fuse, divide and are transported along the cytoskeleton to ensure cellular energy homeostasis. While these processes are well established, substantial evidence indicates that the internal structure is also highly variable in dependence on metabolic conditions. However, a quantitative mechanistic understanding of how mitochondrial morphology affects energetic states is still elusive. To address this question, we here present an agent-based dynamic model using three-dimensional morphologies from electron microscopy tomography which considers the molecular dynamics of the main ATP production components. We apply our modeling approach to mitochondria at the synapse which is the largest energy consumer within the brain. Interestingly, comparing the spatiotemporal simulations with a corresponding space-independent approach, we find minor space dependence when the system relaxes toward equilibrium but a qualitative difference in fluctuating environments. These results suggest that internal mitochondrial morphology is not only optimized for ATP production but also provides a mechanism for energy buffering and may represent a mechanism for cellular robustness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skupin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/643551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial morphology provides a mechanism for energy buffering at synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human iPSC gene signatures and X chromosome dosage impact response to WNT inhibition and cardiac differentiation fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-genetic variability in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines impacts their differentiation outcome, limiting their utility for genetic studies and clinical applications. Despite the importance of understanding how non-genetic molecular variability influences iPSC differentiation outcome, large-scale studies capable of addressing this question have not yet been conducted. Here, we performed 258 directed differentiations of 191 iPSC lines using established protocols to generate iPSC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (iPSC-CVPCs). We observed cellular heterogeneity across the iPSC-CVPC samples due to varying fractions of two cell types: cardiomyocytes (CMs) and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). Analyzing the transcriptomes of CM-fated and EPDC-fated iPSCs discovered that 91 signature genes and X chromosome dosage differences influence WNT inhibition response during differentiation and are associated with cardiac fate. Analysis of an independent set of 39 iPSCs differentiated to the cardiac lineage confirmed shared sex and transcriptional differences that impact cardiac fate outcome. The scale and systematic approach of our study enabled novel insights into how iPSC transcriptional and X chromosome gene dosage differences influence WNT signaling during differentiation and hence cardiac cell fate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young Greenwald, W. W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soncin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parast, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human iPSC gene signatures and X chromosome dosage impact response to WNT inhibition and cardiac differentiation fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasticity of cell migration resulting from mechanochemical coupling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells can migrate using different modes, ranging from amoeboid-like, during which actin filled protrusions come and go, to keratocyte-like, characterized by a stable morphology and persistent motion. How cells can switch between these modes is still not well understood but waves of signaling events on the cell cortex are thought to play an important role in these transitions. Here we present a simple two component biochemical reaction-diffusion model based on relaxation oscillators and couple this to a model for the mechanics of cell deformations. Different migration modes, including amoeboid-like and keratocyte-like, naturally emerge through phase transitions determined by interactions between biochemical traveling waves, cell mechanics and morphology. The model predictions are explicitly verified by systematically reducing the protrusive force of the actin network in experiments using wild-type Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Our results indicate the importance of coupling signaling events to cell mechanics and morphology and may be applicable in a wide variety of cell motility systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghabache, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasticity of cell migration resulting from mechanochemical coupling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of miRNA profiling methods using synthetic miRNA pools and standardized exRNA samples reveals substantial performance differences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) found in biofluids play functional roles in health and in disease pathogenesis, underpinning their potential as clinical biomarkers. Several platforms for measurement of extracellular RNAs have recently become available. We evaluated the reproducibility, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of four miRNA quantification platforms, including one widely used discovery approach (small RNA-seq) and three targeted platforms (FirePlex, EdgeSeq, and nCounter). Using pools of synthetic miRNAs, we observed that reproducibility was highest for RNA-seq and EdgeSeq, that all three targeted platforms had lower bias than RNA-seq, and that RNA-seq had the best ability to distinguish between present and absent sequences. Overall reproducibility was lower for plasma samples than synthetic miRNA pools. We compared expression of placental miRNAs in plasma from pregnant and non-pregnant women and observed expected differences with RNA-seq and EdgeSeq, but not FirePlex or nCounter. We conclude that differences in performance among miRNA profiling platforms impact their relative utility as potential assay systems for clinical biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godoy, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barczak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeHoff, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erle, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of miRNA profiling methods using synthetic miRNA pools and standardized exRNA samples reveals substantial performance differences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHLPP1 Counter-regulates STAT1-mediated Inflammatory Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation is an essential aspect of innate immunity but also contributes to diverse human diseases. Although much is known about the kinases that control inflammatory signaling, less is known about the opposing phosphatases. Here we report that deletion of the gene encoding PH domain Leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) protects mice from lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and live Escherichia coli infection. Investigation of PHLPP1 function in macrophages reveals that it controls the magnitude and duration of inflammatory signaling by dephosphorylating the transcription factor STAT1 on Ser727 to inhibit its activity, reduce its promoter residency, and reduce the expression of target genes involved in innate immunity and cytokine signaling. This previously undescribed function of PHLPP1 depends on a bipartite nuclear localization signal in its unique N-terminal extension. Our data support a model in which nuclear PHLPP1 dephosphorylates STAT1 to control the magnitude and duration of inflammatory signaling in macrophages.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIPHLPP1 controls the transcription of genes involved in inflammatory signalingnC_LIO_LIPHLPP1 dephosphorylates STAT1 on Ser727 to reduce its transcriptional activitynC_LIO_LIPHLPP1 has a nuclear localization signal and a nuclear exclusion signalnC_LIO_LILoss of PHLPP1 protects mice from sepsis-induced deathnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen Katsenelson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stender, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawashima, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorden, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHLPP1 Counter-regulates STAT1-mediated Inflammatory Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/648519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age dependence of modern clinical risk groups for localized prostate cancer -- a population-based study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/648519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundOptimal prostate cancer (PCa) screening strategies will focus on men most likely to have potentially-lethal, localized disease. Age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs) for clinical risk groups could guide risk-stratified screening.nnObjectiveDetermine ASIRs and proportions of PCa diagnoses in Norway for modern risk-group and Gleason score categories.nnDesign, Setting, and ParticipantsAll men diagnosed with PCa in Norway in 2014-2017 (n=20,356).nnOutcome Measurements and Statistical AnalysisPatients were assigned to clinical risk groups: low, favorable-intermediate, unfavorable-intermediate, high, regional, and metastatic, using Gleason score and clinical stage. Associations were assessed between age and (1) Gleason score (including Gleason 3+4 and 4+3) and (2) PCa risk group. Risk-group ASIRs were calculated by multiplying the overall Norwegian ASIR by the proportions observed for each category.nnResultsOlder age was significantly associated with higher Gleason score and more advanced disease. For example, among men aged 55-59, 65-69, 75-79, and 85-89 years, the percentage with Gleason 8-10 disease was 16.5%, 23.4%, 37.2%, and 59.9%, respectively (p<0.001); the percentage with at least high-risk disease was 29.3%, 39.1%, 60.4%, and 90.6%, respectively. Corresponding percentages for low-risk PCa were 24.0%, 17.9%, 10.2%, and 4.1% (p<0.001). The respective maximum ASIRs (per 100,000 men) for low-risk, favorable-intermediate-risk, unfavorable-intermediate-risk, high-risk, regional, and metastatic disease were: 157.1, 183.8, 194.8, 408.3, 172.3, and 330.0; incidence for low-risk and favorable-intermediate-risk PCa peaked before age 70, while more advanced categories peaked after 70. At age 75-79 years, the ASIR of high-risk disease was approximately 6 times greater than at 55-59 years.nnConclusionsRisk of clinically-significant, localized PCa increases with age. Healthy older men may be among those most likely to benefit from PCa screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huynh-Le, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myklebust, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannesen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seibert, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/648519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age dependence of modern clinical risk groups for localized prostate cancer -- a population-based study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the impact of biomass composition in constraint-based flux analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biomass equation is a critical component in genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs): it is used as the de facto objective function in flux balance analysis (FBA). This equation accounts for the quantities of all known biomass precursors that are required for cell growth based on the macromolecular and monomer compositions measured at certain conditions. However, it is often reported that the macromolecular composition of cells could change across different environmental conditions; the use of the same single biomass equation in FBA, under multiple conditions, is questionable. Thus, we first investigated the qualitative and quantitative variations of macromolecular compositions of three representative host organisms, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cricetulus griseus, across different environmental/genetic variations. While macromolecular building blocks such as DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid composition vary notably, variations in fundamental biomass monomer units such as nucleotides and amino acids are not appreciable. We further observed that while macromolecular compositions are similar across taxonomically closer species, certain monomers, especially fatty acids, vary substantially. Based on the analysis results, we subsequently propose a new extension to FBA, named "Flux Balance Analysis with Ensemble Biomass (FBAwEB)", to embrace the natural variation in selected components of the biomass equation. The current study clearly highlights that certain components of the biomass equation are very sensitive to different conditions, and the ensemble representation of biomass equation in the FBA framework enables us to account for such natural variations accurately during GEM-guided in silico simulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ang, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/652040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the impact of biomass composition in constraint-based flux analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tyr1 phosphorylation promotes the phosphorylation of Ser2 on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II by P-TEFb 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb) phosphorylates Ser2 residues of RNA polymerase IIs C-terminal domain (CTD) and is essential for the transition from transcription initiation to elongation in vivo. Surprisingly, P-TEFb exhibits Ser5 phosphorylation activity in vitro. The mechanism garnering Ser2 specificity to P-TEFb remains elusive and hinders understanding of the transition from transcription initiation to elongation. Through in vitro reconstruction of CTD phosphorylation, mass spectrometry analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis we uncover a mechanism by which Tyr1 phosphorylation directs the kinase activity of P-TEFb and alters its specificity from Ser5 to Ser2. The loss of Tyr1 phosphorylation causes a reduction of phosphorylated Ser2 and accumulation of RNA polymerase II in the promoter region as detected by ChIP-seq. We demonstrate the ability of Tyr1 phosphorylation to generate a heterogeneous CTD modification landscape that expands the CTDs coding potential. These findings provide direct experimental evidence for a combinatorial CTD phosphorylation code wherein previously installed modifications direct the identity and abundance of subsequent coding events by influencing the behavior of downstream enzymes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escobar, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkholder, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehaffey, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipe, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prescott, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathuria, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodbelt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/652214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tyr1 phosphorylation promotes the phosphorylation of Ser2 on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II by P-TEFb]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SigProfilerMatrixGenerator: a tool for visualizing and exploring patterns of small mutational events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCancer genomes are peppered with somatic mutations imprinted by different mutational processes. The mutational pattern of a cancer genome can be used to identify and understand the etiology of the underlying mutational processes. A plethora of prior research has focused on examining mutational signatures and mutational patterns from single base substitutions and their immediate sequencing context. We recently demonstrated that further classification of small mutational events (including substitutions, insertions, deletions, and doublet substitutions) can be used to provide a deeper understanding of the mutational processes that have molded a cancer genome. However, there has been no standard tool that allows fast, accurate, and comprehensive classification for all types of small mutational eventsnnResultsHere, we present SigProfilerMatrixGenerator, a computational tool designed for optimized exploration and visualization of mutational patterns for all types of small mutational events. SigProfilerMatrixGenerator is written in Python with an R wrapper package provided for users that prefer working in an R environment. SigProfilerMatrixGenerator produces fourteen distinct matrices by considering transcriptional strand bias of individual events and by incorporating distinct classifications for single base substitutions, doublet base substitutions, and small insertions and deletions. While the tool provides a comprehensive classification of mutations, SigProfilerMatrixGenerator is also faster and more memory efficient than existing tools that generate only a single matrix.nnConclusionsSigProfilerMatrixGenerator provides a standardized method for classifying small mutational events that is both efficient and scalable to large datasets. In addition to extending the classification of single base substitutions, the tool is the first to provide support for classifying doublet base substitutions and small insertions and deletions. SigProfilerMatrixGenerator is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerMatrixGenerator with an extensive documentation at https://osf.io/s93d5/wiki/home/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahto, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozen, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/653097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SigProfilerMatrixGenerator: a tool for visualizing and exploring patterns of small mutational events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ventral Pallidum is Essential for Cocaine Reinstatement After Voluntary Abstinence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/653741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, and during recovery many people experience several relapse events as they attempt to voluntarily abstain from drug. New preclinical relapse models have emerged which capture this common human experience of relapse after voluntary abstinence, and mounting evidence indicates that reinstatement of drug seeking after voluntary abstinence recruits neural circuits distinct from reinstatement following experimenter-imposed abstinence, or abstinence due to extinction training. Ventral pallidum (VP), a key limbic node involved in drug seeking, has well-established roles in conventional reinstatement models tested following extinction training, but it is unclear whether this region also participates in more translationally-relevant models of relapse. Here we show that chemogenetic inhibition of VP neurons strongly attenuates cocaine-, context-, and cue-induced reinstatement tested after voluntary, punishment-induced abstinence. This effect was strongest in the most compulsive, punishment-resistant rats, and reinstatement was associated with neural activity in anatomically-defined VP subregions. VP inhibition also attenuated the propensity of rats to display  hesitations, a risk assessment behavior seen during punished drug taking that is likely due to concurrent approach and avoidance motivations. These results indicate that VP, unlike other connected limbic brain regions, is essential for reinstatement of drug seeking after voluntary abstinence. Since VP inhibition effects were strongest in the most compulsively cocaine-seeking individuals, this could indicate that VP plays a particularly important role in the most pathological, addiction-like behavior, making it an attractive target for future therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farrell, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faget, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanbijian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahler, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/653741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ventral Pallidum is Essential for Cocaine Reinstatement After Voluntary Abstinence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia regulatory network defines novel therapeutic targets in IGH-CRLF2 patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although genetic alterations are initial drivers of disease, aberrantly activated transcriptional regulatory programs are often responsible for the maintenance and progression of cancer. CRLF2-overexpression in B-ALL patients leads to activation of JAK-STAT, PI3K and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways and is associated with poor outcome. Although inhibitors of these pathways are available, there remains the issue of treatment-associated toxicities, thus it is important to identify new therapeutic targets. Using a network inference approach, we reconstructed a B-ALL specific transcriptional regulatory network to evaluate the impact of CRLF2-overexpression on downstream regulatory interactions.

Comparing RNA-seq from CRLF2-High and other B-ALL patients (CRLF2-Low), we defined a CRLF2-High gene signature. Patient-specific chromatin accessibility was interrogated to identify altered putative regulatory elements that could be linked to transcriptional changes. To delineate these regulatory interactions, a B-ALL cancer-specific regulatory network was inferred using 868 B-ALL patient samples from the NCI TARGET database coupled with priors generated from ATAC-seq peak TF-motif analysis. CRISPRi, siRNA knockdown and ChIP-seq of nine TFs involved in the inferred network were analyzed to validate predicted TF-gene regulatory interactions.

In this study, a B-ALL specific regulatory network was constructed using ATAC-seq derived priors. Inferred interactions were used to identify differential patient-specific transcription factor activities predicted to control CRLF2-High deregulated genes, thereby enabling identification of new potential therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Badri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carella, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lhoumaud, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raviram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watters, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneau, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skok, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia regulatory network defines novel therapeutic targets in IGH-CRLF2 patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical Impacts of the Microbiome Across Scales Reveal Novel Conjugated Bile Acids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A mosaic of cross-phyla chemical interactions occurs between all metazoans and their microbiomes. In humans, the gut harbors the heaviest microbial load, but many organs, particularly those with a mucosal surface, associate with highly adapted and evolved microbial consortia1. The microbial residents within these organ systems are increasingly well characterized, yielding a good understanding of human microbiome composition, but we have yet to elucidate the full chemical impact the microbiome exerts on an animal and the breadth of the chemical diversity it contributes2. A number of molecular families are known to be shaped by the microbiome including short-chain fatty acids, indoles, aromatic amino acid metabolites, complex polysaccharides, and host lipids; such as sphingolipids and bile acids3-11. These metabolites profoundly affect host physiology and are being explored for their roles in both health and disease. Considering the diversity of the human microbiome, numbering over 40,000 operational taxonomic units12, a plethora of molecular diversity remains to be discovered. Here, we use unique mass spectrometry informatics approaches and data mapping onto a murine 3D-model13-15 to provide an untargeted assessment of the chemical diversity between germ-free (GF) and colonized mice (specific-pathogen free, SPF), and report the finding of novel bile acids produced by the microbiome in both mice and humans that have evaded characterization despite 170 years of research on bile acid chemistry16.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patras, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bussell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulsen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandborn, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lumeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazmierczak, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazmanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical Impacts of the Microbiome Across Scales Reveal Novel Conjugated Bile Acids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cohesin loader NIPBL interacts with pre-ribosomal RNA and treacle to regulate ribosomal RNA synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NIPBL is an essential loader of cohesin to mediate sister chromatid cohesion and chromatin loop organization. NIPBL mutations cause Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. How NIPBLs genomic localization is specified is not fully understood. We found that NIPBL localizes to the nucleolus in an RNA-dependent manner and binds directly to ribosomal RNA (rRNA). We identified two RNA binding domains in NIPBL in vitro, both of which are required for efficient rRNA binding in vivo. NIPBL binds to ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in an RNA-stimulated manner, recruits PAF1 and promotes pre-rRNA transcription. Stress that inhibits rRNA synthesis displaces NIPBL from the nucleolus and rDNA. Interestingly, treacle, mutated in Treacher Collins syndrome, tightly binds to and recruits NIPBL to the nucleolus, nucleolar organizer regions, and the stress-induced nucleolar cap. The results reveal that a subpopulation of NIPBL is recruited to the nucleolus through its interaction with RNA and treacle and regulates pre-rRNA transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flowers, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C. I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawauchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calof, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuwaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokomori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/658492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cohesin loader NIPBL interacts with pre-ribosomal RNA and treacle to regulate ribosomal RNA synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vapor inhalation of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cannabidiol (CBD) is increasingly available in e-cigarette liquids and other products. CBD use has been promoted for numerous purported benefits which have not been rigorously assessed in preclinical studies. The objective of this study was to further validate an inhalation model to assess CBD effects in the rat. The primary goal was to determine plasma CBD levels after vapor inhalation and compare that with the levels observed after injection. Secondary goals were to determine if hypothermia is produced in male Sprague-Dawley rats and if CBD affects nociception measured by the warm water tail-withdrawal assay. Blood samples were collected from rats exposed for 30 minutes to vapor generated by an e-cigarette device using CBD (100, 400 mg/mL in the propylene glycol vehicle). Separate experiments assessed the body temperature response to CBD in combination with nicotine (30 mg/mL) and the anti-nociceptive response to CBD. Vapor inhalation of CBD produced concentration-related plasma CBD levels in male and female Wistar rats that were within the range of levels produced by 10 or 30 mg/kg, CBD, i.p.. Dose-related hypothermia was produced by CBD in male Sprague-Dawley rats and this was partially attenuated by 5-HT1a receptor blockade. Nicotine (30 mg/mL) inhalation enhanced the effect of CBD. CBD inhalation had no effect on anti-nociception alone or in combination with {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhalation. The vapor-inhalation approach is a suitable pre-clinical model for the investigation of the effects of inhaled CBD. This route of administration produces hypothermia in rats, while i.p. injection does not at comparable plasma CBD levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Javadi-Paydar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vapor inhalation of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral and neural signatures of working memory in childhood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory function changes across development and varies across individuals. The patterns of behavior and brain function that track individual differences in working memory during development, however, are not well understood. Here we establish associations between working memory, cognitive abilities, and functional MRI activation in data from over 4,000 9-10-year-olds enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, an ongoing longitudinal study in the United States. Behavioral analyses reveal robust relationships between working memory, short-term memory, language skills, and fluid intelligence. Analyses relating out-of-scanner working memory performance to memory-related fMRI activation in an emotional n-back task demonstrate that frontoparietal activity in response to an explicit memory challenge indexes working memory ability. Furthermore, this relationship is domain-specific, such that fMRI activation related to emotion processing during the emotional n-back task, inhibitory control during a stop-signal task, and reward processing during a monetary incentive delay task does not track memory abilities. Together these results inform our understanding of the emergence of individual differences in working memory and lay the groundwork for characterizing the ways in which they change across adolescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapuano, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conley, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornejo, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral and neural signatures of working memory in childhood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semantic Fluency Predicts Six-Year Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Men 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTest the hypothesis that individual differences in episodic memory and verbal fluency in cognitively normal middle-aged adults will predict progression to amnestic MCI after 6 years.nnMethodThe analysis sample included 842 male twins who were cognitively normal at baseline (M=56 years), completed measures of episodic memory and verbal fluency at baseline and again 6 years later (M=62 years).nnResultsPoor episodic memory predicted progression to both amnestic MCI (OR=4.42, 95% CI [2.44, 10.60]) and non-amnestic MCI (OR=1.92, 95% CI [1.32, 3.44]). Poor semantic verbal fluency also independently predicted progression to amnestic MCI (OR=1.86, 95% CI [1.12, 3.52]). In the full sample, a semantic-specific fluency latent variable at wave 1 (which controls for letter fluency) predicted change in episodic memory at wave 2 ({beta}=.13), but not vice-versa ({beta}=.04). Associations between episodic memory and verbal fluency factors were primarily explained by genetic, rather than environmental, correlations.nnConclusionsAmong individuals who were cognitively normal at wave 1, episodic memory moderately-to-strongly predicted progression to MCI at average age 62, emphasizing the fact that there is still meaningful variability even among cognitively normal individuals. Episodic memory, which is typically a primary focus for AD risk, declined earlier and more quickly than fluency. However, semantic fluency at average age 56 predicted 6-year change in memory as well as progression to amnestic MCI even after accounting for baseline memory performance. These findings emphasize the utility of memory and fluency measures in early identification of AD risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson-Cimino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jak, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toomey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semantic Fluency Predicts Six-Year Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Men]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/665620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small-molecule control of super-Mendelian inheritance in gene drives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/665620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By surpassing the 50% inheritance limit of Mendels law of independent assortment, CRISPR-based gene drives have the potential to fight vector-borne diseases or suppress crop pests. However, contemporary gene drives could spread unchecked, posing safety concerns that limit their use in both laboratory and field settings. Current technologies also lack chemical control strategies, which could be applied in the field for dose, spatial and temporal control of gene drives. We describe in Drosophila the first gene-drive system controlled by an engineered Cas9 and a synthetic, orally-available small molecule.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=51 SRC="FIGDIR/small/665620v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (15K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aa8522org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a99c8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f63636org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1613408_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical AbstractC_FLOATNO C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez Del Amo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlon, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/665620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small-molecule control of super-Mendelian inheritance in gene drives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/670091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stimulation augments spike sequence replay and memory consolidation during slow-wave sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/670091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Newly acquired memory traces are spontaneously reactivated during slow-wave sleep (SWS), leading to the consolidation of recent memories. Empirical studies found that sensory stimulation during SWS selectively enhances memory consolidation and the effect depends on the phase of stimulation. In this new study, we aimed to understand the mechanisms behind the role of sensory stimulation on memory consolidation using computational models implementing effects of neuromodulators to simulate transitions between awake and SWS sleep, and synaptic plasticity to allow the change of synaptic connections due to the training in awake or replay during sleep. We found that when closed-loop stimulation was applied during the Down states (900-2700) of sleep slow oscillation, particularly right before transition from Down to Up state, it significantly affected the spatio-temporal pattern of the slow-waves and maximized memory replay. In contrast, when the stimulation was presented during the Up states (2700-3600 and 00-900), it did not have a significant impact on the slow-waves or memory performance after sleep. For multiple memories trained in awake, presenting stimulation cues associated with specific memory trace could selectively augment replay and enhance consolidation of that memory and interfere with consolidation of the others (particularly weak) memories. Our study proposes a synaptic level mechanism of how memory consolidation is affected by sensory stimulation during sleep.nnSignificance statementStimulation, such as training-associated cues or auditory stimulation, during sleep can augment consolidation of the newly encoded memories. In this study, we used a computational model of the thalamocortical system to describe the mechanisms behind the role of stimulation in memory consolidation during slow-wave sleep. Our study suggested that stimulation preferentially strengthens the memory traces when delivered at specific phase of slow oscillations just before Down to Up state transition when it makes the largest impact on the spatio-temporal pattern of sleep slow waves. In the presence of multiple memories, presenting sensory cues during sleep could selectively strengthen selected memories. Our study proposes a synaptic level mechanism of how memory consolidation is affected by sensory stimulation during sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinetz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BAZHENOV, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/670091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stimulation augments spike sequence replay and memory consolidation during slow-wave sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mechanical model reveals that non-axisymmetric buckling lowers the energy barrier associated with membrane neck constriction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane neck formation is essential for scission, which, as recent experiments on tubules have demonstrated, can be location dependent. The diversity of biological machinery that can constrict a neck such as dynamin, actin, ESCRTs and BAR proteins, and the range of forces and deflection over which they operate, suggest that the constriction process is functionally mechanical and robust to changes in biological environment. In this study, we used a mechanical model of the lipid bilayer to systematically investigate the influence of location, symmetry constraints, and helical forces on membrane neck constriction. Simulations from our model demonstrated that the energy barriers associated with constriction of a membrane neck are location-dependent. Importantly, if symmetry restrictions are relaxed, then the energy barrier for constriction is dramatically lowered and the membrane buckles at lower values of forcing parameters. Our simulations also show that constriction due to helical proteins further reduces the energy barrier for neck formation compared to cylindrical proteins. These studies establish that despite different molecular mechanisms of neck formation in cells, the mechanics of constriction naturally leads to a loss of symmetry that can lower the energy barrier to constriction.

Significance statementMembrane tubule constriction is a critical step of cellular membrane trafficking processes and is thought to be mechanically regulated. Mechanical modeling techniques employing the Helfrich Hamiltonian and axisymmetric continuum frameworks have previously described energy barriers to constriction as a function of location along a 26 membrane tubule. Recent advances in numerical modeling using spline basis functions (Isogeometric Analysis) enable us to conduct our analyses of membrane mechanics in a generalized 3D framework. Here, we implement a novel 3D Isogeometric Analysis framework and juxtapose it against an axisymmetric model to study the influence of location, symmetry constraints and helical collars on the constriction pathway. We show that an unsymmetric, "crushed soda can" neck consistently displays a lower energy barrier than a symmetric neck.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudraraju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akamatsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garikipati, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/672485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mechanical model reveals that non-axisymmetric buckling lowers the energy barrier associated with membrane neck constriction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/675314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher fitness yeast genotypes are less robust to deleterious mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/675314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural selection drives populations towards higher fitness, but second-order selection for adaptability and mutational robustness can also influence the dynamics of adaptation. In many microbial systems, diminishing returns epistasis contributes to a tendency for more-fit genotypes to be less adaptable, but no analogous patterns for robustness are known. To understand how robustness varies across genotypes, we measure the fitness effects of hundreds of individual insertion mutations in a panel of yeast strains. We find that more-fit strains are less robust: they have distributions of fitness effects (DFEs) with lower mean and higher variance. These shifts in the DFE arise because many mutations have more strongly deleterious effects in faster-growing strains. This negative correlation between fitness and robustness implies that second-order selection for robustness will tend to conflict with first-order selection for fitness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martsul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/675314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher fitness yeast genotypes are less robust to deleterious mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/676148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Molecular and Microbial Microenvironments in Chronically Diseased Lungs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/676148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To visualize the personalized distributions of pathogens, chemical environments including microbial metabolites, pharmaceuticals, and their metabolic products within and between human lungs afflicted with cystic fibrosis, we generated 3D microbiome and metabolome maps of six explanted lungs from three cystic fibrosis patients. These 3D spatial maps revealed that the chemical environments are variable between patients and within the lungs of each patient. Although the patients microbial ecosystems were defined by the dominant pathogen, their chemical diversity was not. Additionally, the chemical diversity between locales in lungs of the same individual sometimes exceeded inter-individual variation. Thus, the chemistry and microbiome of the explanted lungs appear to be not only personalized but also regiospecific. Previously undescribed analogs of microbial quinolones and antibiotic metabolites were also detected. Furthermore, mapping the chemical and microbial distributions allowed visualization of microbial community interactions, such as increased production of quorum sensing quinolones in locations where Pseudomonas was in contact with Staphylococcus and Granulicatella, consistent with in vitro observations of bacteria isolated from these patients. Visualization of microbe-metabolite associations within a host organ in early-stage CF disease in animal models will help elucidate a complex interplay between the presence of a given microbial structure, antibiotics, metabolism of antibiotics, microbial virulence factors, and host responses.nnImportanceMicrobial infections are now recognized to be polymicrobial and personalized in nature. A comprehensive analysis and understanding of the factors underlying the polymicrobial and personalized nature of infections remains limited, especially in the context of the host. By visualizing microbiomes and metabolomes of diseased human lungs, we describe how different the chemical environments are between hosts that are dominated by the same pathogen and how community interactions shape the chemical environment, or vice versa. We highlight that three-dimensional organ mapping are hypothesis building tools that allow us to design mechanistic studies aimed at addressing microbial responses to other microbes, the host, and pharmaceutical drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAvoy, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protsyuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouslimani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luzzatto-Knaan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comstock, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spivey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouha, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohwer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/676148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Molecular and Microbial Microenvironments in Chronically Diseased Lungs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered White Matter Microstructural Organization in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder across 3,049 Adults: Results from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing number of studies have examined alterations in white matter organization in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using diffusion MRI (dMRI), but the results have been mixed, which may be partially due to relatively small sample sizes among studies. Altered structural connectivity may be both a neurobiological vulnerability for, and a result of, PTSD. In an effort to find reliable effects, we present a multi-cohort analysis of dMRI metrics across 3,049 individuals from 28 cohorts currently participating in the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD working group (a joint partnership between the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis consortium). Comparing regional white matter metrics across the full brain in 1,446 individuals with PTSD and 1,603 controls (2152 males/897 females) between ages 18-83, 92% of whom were trauma-exposed, we report associations between PTSD and disrupted white matter organization measured by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the tapetum region of the corpus callosum (Cohens d=-0.12, p=0.0021). The tapetum connects the left and right hippocampus, structures for which structure and function have been consistently implicated in PTSD. Results remained significant/similar after accounting for the effects of multiple potentially confounding variables: childhood trauma exposure, comorbid depression, history of traumatic brain injury, current alcohol abuse or dependence, and current use of psychotropic medications. Our results show that PTSD may be associated with alterations in the broader hippocampal network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke-Rubright, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Densmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>du Plessis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grupe, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenette, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinzel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koerte, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koopowitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korgaonkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krystal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebois, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnotta, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>May, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menefee, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neufeld, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/677153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered White Matter Microstructural Organization in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder across 3,049 Adults: Results from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aequorea victoria’s secrets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using mRNA-Seq and de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified, cloned and characterized nine previously undiscovered fluorescent protein (FP) homologs from Aequorea victoria and a related Aequorea species, with most sequences highly divergent from avGFP. Among these FPs are the brightest GFP homolog yet characterized and a reversibly photochromic FP that responds to UV and blue light. Beyond green emitters, Aequorea species express purple- and blue-pigmented chromoproteins (CPs) with absorbances ranging from green to far-red, including two that are photoconvertible. X-ray crystallography revealed that Aequorea CPs contain a chemically novel chromophore with an unexpected crosslink to the main polypeptide chain. Because of the unique attributes of several of these newly discovered FPs, we expect that Aequorea will, once again, give rise to an entirely new generation of useful probes for bioimaging and biosensing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lambert, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depernet, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotthard, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navizet, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bindels, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levesque, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nero Moffatt, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salih, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/677344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aequorea victoria’s secrets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles of self-organization and load adaptation by the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Force generation due to actin assembly is a fundamental aspect of membrane sculpting for many essential processes. In this work, we use a multiscale computational model constrained by experimental measurements to show that a minimal branched actin network is sufficient to internalize endocytic pits against physiological membrane tension. A parameter sweep identified the number of Arp2/3 complexes as particularly important for robust internalization, which prompted the development of a molecule-counting method in live mammalian cells. Using this method, we found that ~200 Arp2/3 complexes assemble at sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human cells. Our simulations also revealed that actin networks self-organize in a radial branched array with barbed filament ends oriented to grow toward the base of the pit, and that the distribution of linker proteins around the endocytic pit is critical for this organization. Surprisingly, our model predicted that long actin filaments bend from their attachment sites in the coat to the base of the pit and store elastic energy that can be harnessed to drive endocytosis. This prediction was validated using cryo-electron tomography on cells, which revealed the presence of bent actin filaments along the endocytic site. Furthermore, we predict that under elevated membrane tension, the self-organized actin network directs more growing filaments toward the base of the pit, increasing actin nucleation and bending for increased force production. Thus, our study reveals that spatially constrained actin filament assembly utilizes an adaptive mechanism that enables endocytosis under varying physical constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akamatsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serwas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drubin, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles of self-organization and load adaptation by the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A receptor for herbivore-associated molecular patterns mediates plant immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-herbivore interactions are ubiquitous across nature and drive major agricultural losses. Inducible defense responses triggered through immune recognition aid in host plant protection; however, specific ligand-receptor pairs mediating the initial perception of herbivory remain unknown. Plants in the subtribe Phaseolinae detect herbivore-associated peptides in caterpillar oral secretions and the defined ligands are proteolytic fragments of chloroplastic ATP synthase termed inceptins. Using forward genetic mapping of inceptin-induced responses, we identify a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein as an inceptin receptor (INR) sufficient for elicitor-induced responses and enhanced defense against armyworms (Spodoptera exigua). INR defines a receptor by which plants perceive herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) and expands the paradigm of surface immune recognition to attack with mandibles.nnOne Sentence SummaryA plant cell surface receptor directly perceives peptides associated with caterpillar herbivory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steinbrenner, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Amatriain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venegas, J. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holton, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zipfel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huffaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Close, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A receptor for herbivore-associated molecular patterns mediates plant immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/680777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of insertion sequences on convergent evolution of Shigella species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/680777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shigella species are specialised lineages of Escherichia coli that have converged to become human-adapted and cause dysentery by invading human gut epithelial cells. Most studies of Shigella evolution have been restricted to comparisons of single representatives of each species; and population genomic studies of individual Shigella species have focused on genomic variation caused by single nucleotide variants and ignored the contribution of insertion sequences (IS) which are highly prevalent in Shigella genomes. Here, we investigate the distribution and evolutionary dynamics of IS within populations of Shigella dysenteriae Sd1, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. We find that five IS (IS1, IS2, IS4, IS600 and IS911) have undergone expansion in all Shigella species, creating substantial strain-to-strain variation within each population and contributing to convergent patterns of functional gene loss within and between species. We find that IS expansion and genome degradation are most advanced in S. dysenteriae and least advanced in S. sonnei; and using genome-scale models of metabolism we show that Shigella species display convergent loss of core E. coli metabolic capabilities, with S. sonnei and S. flexneri following a similar trajectory of metabolic streamlining to that of S. dysenteriae. This study highlights the importance of IS to the evolution of Shigella and provides a framework for the investigation of IS dynamics and metabolic reduction in other bacterial species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hawkey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billman-Jacobe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/680777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of insertion sequences on convergent evolution of Shigella species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common genetic variation indicates separate etiologies for periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of two ischemic white matter disease subtypes in the brain, periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH and DWMH). In 26,654 participants, we found 10 independent genome-wide significant loci only associated with PVWMH, four of which have not been described previously for total WMH burden (16q24.2, 17q21.31, 10q23.1, 7q36.1). Additionally, in both PVWMH and DWMH we observed the previous association of the 17q25.1 locus with total WMH. We found that both phenotypes have shared but also distinct genetic architectures, consistent with both different underlying and related pathophysiology. PVWMH had more extensive genetic overlap with small vessel ischemic stroke, and unique associations with several loci implicated in ischemic stroke. DWMH were characterized by associations with loci previously implicated in vascular as well as astrocytic and neuronal function. Our study confirms the utility of these phenotypes and identifies new candidate genes associated only with PVWMH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mather, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargurupremraj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knol, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satizabal, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanek, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudnason, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dueker, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trompet, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vojinovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfaro-Almagro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amouyel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beiser, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodaty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennema-Notestine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gampawar, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottesman, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffanti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkinson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kral, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liewald, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maillard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazoyer</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common genetic variation indicates separate etiologies for periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/685008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in multiple biological processes. However, little is known about its role in shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor [PRR]-independent) regulates conventional type-2 Dendritic Cells (cDC2s), but not cDC1s and reprograms their Th17-inducing properties via repression of IRF4 and KLF4, transcription factors (TFs) for Th2 induction. Genetic loss of IRF4 phenocopies the effects of cAMP signaling on Th17-induction, indicating that the cAMP effect is secondary to repression of IRF4. Moreover, signaling in cDC2s by a PRR-dependent microbial product, curdlan, represses IRF4 and KLF4, resulting in a pro-Th17 phenotype. These results define a novel signaling pathway by which cDC2s display plasticity and provide a new molecular basis for the novel cDC2 and cDC17 classification. In addition, the data reveal that cAMP signaling can alter DCs function and fate by repressing IRF4 and KLF4, a pathway that can be harnessed for immuno-regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kook, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Navajas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herdman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nürnberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Insel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasuda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broide, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sciammas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/685008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent metatarsal fusion in jerboas and chickens is mediated by similarities and differences in the patterns of osteoblast and osteoclast activities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extraordinary malleability of the vertebrate limb supports a variety of locomotor functions including running and leaping in cursorial and saltatorial species. In many of these animals, the metatarsals and/or metacarpals are disproportionately elongated to increase stride length and fused into a single larger element, likely to resist fracture due to increased ground reaction forces. Despite the fact that metapodial fusion evolved convergently in modern birds, ungulates, and jerboas, the developmental basis has only been explored in chickens, which diverged from the mammalian lineage approximately 300 million years ago. Here, we use the lesser Egyptian jerboa, Jaculus jaculus, to understand the cellular processes that unite three distinct metatarsal elements into a single cannon bone in a mammal, and we revisit the developing chicken to assess similarities and differences in the localization of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. In both species, adjacent metatarsals align along flat surfaces, osteoblasts cross the periosteal membrane to unite the three elements in a single circumference, and osteoclasts resorb bone at the interfaces leaving a single marrow cavity. However, although spatial and temporal partitioning of osteoblast and osteoclast activities reshape three bones into one in both species, the localization of osteoclasts is distinct. While osteoclasts are uniformly distributed throughout the endosteum of chicken metatarsals, these catabolic cells are highly localized to resorb bone at the interfaces of neighboring jerboa metatarsals. Each species therefore provides an opportunity to better understand the mechanisms that partition osteoblasts and osteoclasts to alter the shape of bone during development and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsutsumi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/688036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent metatarsal fusion in jerboas and chickens is mediated by similarities and differences in the patterns of osteoblast and osteoclast activities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/690776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of muscle stem cells from rat skeletal muscles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/690776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMuscle stem cells (MuSCs) are involved in homeostatic maintenance of skeletal muscles and play a central role in muscle regeneration in response to injury. Thus, understanding MuSC autonomous properties is of fundamental importance for studies of muscle degenerative diseases and muscle plasticity. Rat, as an animal model, has been widely used in the skeletal muscle field, however an efficient approach for MuSC isolation through fluorescence-activated cell sorting from rat muscles has never been described. This work aims to develop and validate an effective protocol for MuSC isolation from rat skeletal muscles.nnMethodsTibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, diaphragm, and the individual components of the pelvic floor muscle complex (coccygeus, iliocaudalis, and pubocaudalis) were harvested from female rats and digested for isolation of MuSCs. Three protocols, employing different cell surface markers (CD106, CD56, and CD29), were compared for their ability to isolate a pure MuSC population.nnResultsCells obtained using the protocol that relies only on VCAM-1 (CD106) as a positive marker showed high expression of Pax7 upon isolation, ability to progress through myogenic lineage while in culture, and complete differentiation in serum deprived conditions. The protocol was further validated in other skeletal muscles proving to be reproducible.nnConclusionsCD106 is an efficient marker for reliable isolation of MuSCs from a variety of rat skeletal muscles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boscolo Sesillo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/690776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of muscle stem cells from rat skeletal muscles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correcting for sparsity and non-independence in glycomic data through a system biology framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycans are fundamental cellular building blocks, involved in many organismal functions. Advances in glycomics are elucidating the roles of glycans, but it remains challenging to properly analyze large glycomics datasets, since the data are sparse (each sample often has only a few measured glycans) and detected glycans are non-independent (sharing many intermediate biosynthetic steps). We address these challenges with GlyCompare, a glycomic data analysis approach that leverages shared biosynthetic pathway intermediates to correct for sparsity and non-independence in glycomics. Specifically, quantities of measured glycans are propagated to intermediate glycan substructures, which enables direct comparison of different glycoprofiles and increases statistical power. Using GlyCompare, we studied diverse N-glycan profiles from glycoengineered erythropoietin. We obtained biologically meaningful clustering of mutant cell glycoprofiles and identified knockout-specific effects of fucosyltransferase mutants on tetra-antennary structures. We further analyzed human milk oligosaccharide profiles and identified novel impacts that the mothers secretor-status on fucosylation and sialylation. Our substructure-oriented approach will enable researchers to take full advantage of the growing power and size of glycomics data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>York, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haymond, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/693507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correcting for sparsity and non-independence in glycomic data through a system biology framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HORMA domain proteins and a Pch2-like ATPase regulate bacterial cGAS-like enzymes to mediate bacteriophage immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria are continually challenged by foreign invaders including bacteriophages, and have evolved a variety of defenses against these invaders. Here, we describe the structural and biochemical mechanisms of a bacteriophage immunity pathway found in a broad array of bacteria, including pathogenic E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This pathway employs eukaryotic-like HORMA domain proteins that recognize specific peptides, then bind and activate a cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferase (CD-NTase) to generate a cyclic tri-AMP (cAAA) second messenger; cAAA in turn activates an endonuclease effector, NucC. Signaling is attenuated by a homolog of the AAA+ ATPase Pch2/TRIP13, which binds and likely disassembles the active HORMA-CD-NTase complex. When expressed in non-pathogenic E. coli, this pathway confers immunity against bacteriophage {lambda} infection. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms of a bacterial defense pathway integrating a cGAS-like nucleotidyltransferase with HORMA domain proteins for threat sensing through protein detection, and negative regulation by a Pch2-like ATPase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watrous, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azimi, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/694695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HORMA domain proteins and a Pch2-like ATPase regulate bacterial cGAS-like enzymes to mediate bacteriophage immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and mechanism of a cyclic trinucleotide-activated bacterial endonuclease mediating bacteriophage immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria possess an array of defenses against foreign invaders, including diverse nucleases that target and destroy the genome of an invading bacteriophage or foreign DNA element. A recently-described bacteriophage immunity pathway employs a cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferase to produce a cyclic tri-AMP second messenger, which activates the DNA endonuclease effector NucC. Here, we show that NucC is related to restriction enzymes but uniquely assembles into a homotrimer in solution. cAAA binding in a conserved allosteric pocket promotes assembly of two NucC trimers into a homohexamer competent for double-strand DNA cleavage. We propose that NucC mediates bacteriophage immunity either through global activation, causing altruistic cell death and abortive infection, or through local activation and targeted phage genome destruction. Finally, we identify NucC homologs in type III CRISPR-Cas systems, where they likely function as accessory nucleases activated by cyclic oligoadenylate second messengers synthesized by these systems effector complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lau, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watrous, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteley, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekalanos, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranzusch, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/694703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and mechanism of a cyclic trinucleotide-activated bacterial endonuclease mediating bacteriophage immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/699462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic factors underlying the bidirectional relationship between autoimmune and mental disorders - findings from a Danish population-based study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/699462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPrevious studies have indicated the bidirectionality between autoimmune and mental disorders. However, genetic studies underpinning the co-occurrence of the two disorders have been lacking. In this study, we examined the potential genetic contribution to the association between autoimmune and mental disorders.nnMethodsWe used diagnostic information for patients with seven autoimmune diseases and six mental disorders from the Danish population-based case-cohort sample (iPSYCH2012). We explored the epidemiological association using survival analysis and modelled the effect of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on two diseases. The genetic factors were investigated using GWAS and HLA imputation data based on iPSYCH cohort.nnResultsAmong 64,039 individuals, a total of 43,902 (68.6%) were diagnosed with mental disorders and 1,383 (2.2%) with autoimmune diseases. There was a significant comorbidity between the two diseases (P=2.67x10-7, OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.22-1.56), with an overall bidirectional association wherein individuals with autoimmune diseases had an increased risk of subsequent mental disorders (HR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.07-1.21, P=7.95x10-5) and vice versa (HR=1.27, 95%CI=1.16-1.39, P=8.77x10-15). Though PRSs were significantly correlated with both types of diagnosis, PRSs had little effect on the bidirectional relationship. Importantly, we for the first time observed 12 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci and 20 HLA alleles strongly associated with overall autoimmune diseases, but we did not find significant evidence of their associations with overall mental disorders.nnConclusionsOur findings confirm the overall comorbidity and bidirectionality between autoimmune and mental disorders and discover HLA genes which are significantly associated with overall autoimmune diseases, but not with overall mental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appadurai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allesoee, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mors, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerglum, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hougaard, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordentoft, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benros, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/699462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic factors underlying the bidirectional relationship between autoimmune and mental disorders - findings from a Danish population-based study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/701532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A structural mechanism for phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of the AP2 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/701532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endocytosis of transmembrane proteins is orchestrated by the AP2 clathrin adaptor complex. AP2 dwells in a closed, inactive state in the cytosol, but adopts an open, active conformation on the plasma membrane. Membrane-activated complexes are also phosphorylated, but the significance of this mark is debated. We recently proposed that NECAP negatively regulates AP2 by binding open and phosphorylated complexes (Beacham et al., 2018). Here, we report high-resolution cryo-EM structures of NECAP bound to phosphorylated AP2. The site of AP2 phosphorylation is directly coordinated by residues of the NECAP PHear domain that are predicted from genetic screens in C. elegans. Using membrane mimetics to generate conformationally open AP2, we find that a second domain of NECAP binds these complexes and cryo-EM reveals both domains of NECAP engaging closed, inactive AP2. Assays in vitro and in vivo confirm these domains cooperate to inactivate AP2. We propose that phosphorylation marks adaptors for inactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Partlow, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beacham, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappie, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollopeter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/701532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A structural mechanism for phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of the AP2 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved identification and differentiation from epileptiform activity of human hippocampal sharpwave-ripples during NREM sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In rodents, pyramidal cell firing patterns from waking may be replayed in NREM sleep during hippocampal sharpwave-ripples (HC-SWR). In humans, HC-SWR have only been recorded with electrodes implanted to localize epileptogenesis. Here, we characterize human HC-SWR with rigorous rejection of epileptiform activity, requiring multiple oscillations and coordinated sharpwaves. We demonstrated typical SWR in those rare HC recordings which lack interictal epileptiform spikes (IIS), and with no or minimal seizure involvement. These HC-SWR have a similar rate (~12/min) and apparent intra-HC topography (ripple maximum in putative stratum pyramidale, slow wave in radiatum) as rodents, though with lower frequency (~85Hz compared to ~140Hz in rodents). Similar SWR are found in HC with IIS, but no significant seizure involvement. These SWR were modulated by behavior, being largely absent (<2/min) except during NREM sleep in both stage 2 (~9/min) and stage 3 (~15/min), distinguishing them from IIS. This study quantifies the basic characteristics of a strictly selected sample of SWR recorded in relatively healthy human hippocampi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/702894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved identification and differentiation from epileptiform activity of human hippocampal sharpwave-ripples during NREM sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordination of human hippocampal sharpwave-ripples during NREM sleep with cortical theta bursts, spindles, downstates and upstates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In rodents, waking firing patterns replay in NREM sleep during hippocampal sharpwave-ripples (HC-SWR), correlated with neocortical graphoelements (NC-GE). NC-GE include theta-bursts, spindles, downstates and upstates. In humans, consolidation during sleep is correlated with scalp-recorded spindles and down-upstates, but HC-SWR cannot be recorded non-invasively. Here we show in humans of both sexes that HC-SWR are highly correlated with NC-GE during NREM, with significantly more related HC-SWR/NC-GE for downstates or upstates than theta-bursts or spindles, in N2 than N3, in posterior than anterior HC, in frontal than occipital cortex, and ipsilaterally than contralaterally. The preferences interacted, e.g. frontal spindles co-occurred frequently with posterior HC-SWR in N2. These preferred GE, stages and locations for HC-SWR/NC-GE interactions may index selective consolidation activity, although that was not tested in this study. SWR recorded in different HC regions seldom co-occurred, and were related to GE in different cortical areas, showing that HC-NC interact in multiple transient, widespread but discrete, networks. NC-GE tend to occur with consistent temporal relationships to HC-SWR, and to each other. Cortical theta-bursts usually precede HC-SWR, where they may help define cortical input triggering HC-SWR firing. HC-SWR often follow cortical downstate onsets, surrounded by locally-decreased broadband power, suggesting a mechanism synchronizing cortical, thalamic and hippocampal activities. Widespread cortical upstates and spindles follow HC-SWR, consistent with the hypothesized contribution by hippocampal firing during HC-SWR to cortical firing-patterns during upstates and spindles. Overall, our results describe how hippocampal and cortical oscillations are coordinated in humans during events that are critical for memory consolidation in rodents.nnSignificance StatementHippocampal sharpwave-ripples, essential for memory consolidation, mark when hippocampal neurons replay waking firing patterns. In rodents, cortical sleep waves coordinate the transfer of temporary hippocampal to permanent cortical memories, but their relationship with human HC-SWR remains unclear. We show that human hippocampal sharpwave-ripples co-occur with all varieties of cortical sleep waves, in all cortical regions, and in all stages of Non-REM sleep but with overall preferences for each of these. We found that sharpwave-ripples in different parts of the hippocampus usually occurred independently of each other, and preferentially interacted with different cortical areas. We found that sharpwave-ripples typically occur after certain types of cortical waves, and before others, suggesting how the cortico-hippocampo-cortical interaction may be organized in time and space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/702928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordination of human hippocampal sharpwave-ripples during NREM sleep with cortical theta bursts, spindles, downstates and upstates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples co-occur with neocortical theta-bursts and down-upstates, and phase-lock with parietal spindles during NREM sleep in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/702936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human anterior and posterior hippocampus (aHC, pHC) differ in connectivity and behavioral correlates. Here we report physiological differences. During NREM sleep, the human hippocampus generates sharpwave-ripples (SWR) similar to those which in rodents mark memory replay. We show that while pHC generates SWR, it also generates about as many spindle-ripples (SSR: ripples phase-locked to local spindles). In contrast, SSR are rare in aHC. Like SWR, SSR often co-occur with neocortical theta bursts (TB), downstates (DS), spindles (SS) and upstates (US), which coordinate cortico-hippocampal interactions and facilitate consolidation in rodents. SWR co-occur with these waves in widespread cortical areas, especially fronto-central. These waves typically occur in the sequence TB-DS-SS-US, with SWR usually occurring prior to SS-US. In contrast, SSR occur [~]350 ms later, with a strong preference for co-occurrence with posterior-parietal SS. pHC-SS were strongly phase-locked with parietal-SS, and pHC-SSR were phase-coupled with pHC-SS and parietal-SS. Human SWR (and associated replay events, if any) are separated by [~]5 s on average, whereas ripples on successive SSR peaks are separated by only [~]80 ms. These distinctive physiological properties of pHC-SSR enable an alternative mechanism for hippocampal engagement with neocortex.nnSignificance StatementRodent hippocampal neurons replay waking events during sharpwave-ripples in NREM sleep, facilitating memory transfer to a permanent cortical store. We show that human anterior hippocampus also produces sharpwave-ripples, but spindle-ripples predominate in posterior. Whereas sharpwave-ripples typically occur as cortex emerges from inactivity, spindle-ripples typically occur at peak cortical activity. Furthermore, posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples are tightly coupled to posterior parietal locations activated by conscious recollection. Finally, multiple spindle-ripples can recur within a second, whereas sharpwave-ripples are separated by about 5s. The human posterior hippocampus is considered homologous to rodent dorsal hippocampus, which is thought to be specialized for consolidation of specific memory details. We speculate that these distinct physiological characteristics of posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples may support a related function in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/702936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Posterior hippocampal spindle-ripples co-occur with neocortical theta-bursts and down-upstates, and phase-lock with parietal spindles during NREM sleep in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The potential for gas-free measurements of absolute oxygen metabolism during both baseline and activation states in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative functional magnetic resonance imaging methods make it possible to measure cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) in the human brain. Current methods require the subject to breathe special gas mixtures (hypercapnia and hyperoxia). We tested a noninvasive suite of methods to measure absolute CMRO2 in both baseline and dynamic activation states without the use of special gases: arterial spin labeling (ASL) to measure baseline and activation cerebral blood flow (CBF), with concurrent measurement of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal as a dynamic change in tissue R2*; VSEAN to estimate baseline O2 extraction fraction (OEF) from a measurement of venous blood R2, which in combination with the baseline CBF measurement yields an estimate of baseline CMRO2; and FLAIR-GESSE to measure tissue R2' to estimate the scaling parameter needed for calculating the change in CMRO2 in response to a stimulus with the calibrated BOLD method. Here we describe results for a study sample of 17 subjects (8 female, mean age=25.3 years, range 21-31 years). The primary findings were that OEF values measured with the VSEAN method were in good agreement with previous PET findings, while estimates of the dynamic change in CMRO2 in response to a visual stimulus were in good agreement between the traditional hypercapnia calibration and calibration based on R2'. These results support the potential of gas-free methods for quantitative physiological measurements.nnSynopsisWe tested noninvasive methods to measure absolute oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) in both baseline and activation states without the use of special gases: VSEAN to measure baseline O2 extraction fraction (OEF), and FLAIR-GESSE to measure R2' to estimate the scaling parameter M. Primary findings were: CMRO2 changes to visual stimulation derived from R2' were similar to estimates based on hypercapnia-derived M; OEF values were in good agreement with previous PET findings; and, variation of baseline CBF/CMRO2 coupling across subjects does not follow activation coupling, suggesting different mechanisms may be involved. These results support the potential of gas-free methods for quantitative physiological measurements.nnPurposeTo demonstrate the potential for two non-invasive techniques, VSEAN and FLAIR-GESSE, for absolute measurements of CMRO2 during both baseline and activation states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubowitz, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxton, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/705186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The potential for gas-free measurements of absolute oxygen metabolism during both baseline and activation states in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linkage Disequilibrium and Heterozygosity Modulate the Genetic Architecture of Human Complex Phenotypes: Evidence of Natural Selection from GWAS Summary Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/705285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We propose an extended Gaussian mixture model for the distribution of causal effects of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for human complex phenotypes that depends on linkage disequilibrium (LD) and heterozygosity (H), while also allowing for independent components for small and large effects. Using a precise methodology showing how genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics (z-scores) arise through LD with underlying causal SNPs, we applied the model to GWAS of multiple human phenotypes. Our findings indicated that causal effects are distributed with dependence on total LD and H, whereby SNPs with lower total LD and H are more likely to be causal with larger effects; this dependence is consistent with models of the influence of negative pressure from natural selection. Compared with the basic Gaussian mixture model it is built on, the extended model - primarily through quantification of selection pressure - reproduces with greater accuracy the empirical distributions of z-scores, thus providing better estimates of genetic quantities, such as polygenicity and heritability, that arise from the distribution of causal effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/705285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linkage Disequilibrium and Heterozygosity Modulate the Genetic Architecture of Human Complex Phenotypes: Evidence of Natural Selection from GWAS Summary Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/707141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans RIG-I homolog drh-1 mediates the Intracellular Pathogen Response upon viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/707141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian RIG-I-like receptors detect viral dsRNA and 5 triphosphorylated RNA to activate transcription of interferon genes and promote antiviral defense. The C. elegans RIG-I-like receptor DRH-1 promotes defense through antiviral RNA interference, but less is known about its role in regulating transcription. Here we describe a role for drh-1 in directing a transcriptional response in C. elegans called the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), which is associated with increased pathogen resistance. The IPR includes a set of genes induced by diverse stimuli including intracellular infection and proteotoxic stress. Previous work suggested that the proteotoxic stress caused by intracellular infections might be the common trigger of the IPR, but here we demonstrate that different stimuli act through distinct pathways. Specifically, we demonstrate that DRH-1/RIG-I is required for inducing the IPR in response to Orsay virus infection, but not in response to other triggers like microsporidian infection or proteotoxic stress. Furthermore, drh-1 appears to be acting independently of its known role in RNAi. Interestingly, expression of the replication competent Orsay virus RNA1 segment alone is sufficient to induce most of the IPR genes in a manner dependent on RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity and on drh-1. Altogether, these results suggest that DRH-1 is a pattern-recognition receptor that detects viral replication products to activate the IPR stress/immune program in C. elegans.nnImportanceC. elegans lacks homologs of most mammalian pattern recognition receptors, and how nematodes detect pathogens is poorly understood. We show that the C. elegans RIG-I homolog drh-1 mediates induction of the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), a novel transcriptional defense program, in response to infection by the natural C. elegans viral pathogen Orsay virus. drh-1 appears to act as a pattern-recognition receptor to induce the IPR transcriptional defense program by sensing the products of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. Interestingly, this signaling role of drh-1 is separable from its previously known role in antiviral RNAi. In addition, we show that there are multiple host pathways for inducing the IPR, shedding light on the regulation of this novel transcriptional immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sowa, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somasundaram, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/707141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans RIG-I homolog drh-1 mediates the Intracellular Pathogen Response upon viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/709683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pyBedGraph: a Python package for fast operations on 1-dimensional genomic signal tracks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/709683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationModern genomic research relies heavily on next-generation sequencing experiments such as ChIP-seq and ChIA-PET that generate coverage files for transcription factor binding, as well as DHS and ATAC-seq that yield coverage files for chromatin accessibility. Such files are in a bedGraph text format or a bigWig binary format. Obtaining summary statistics in a given region is a fundamental task in analyzing protein binding intensity or chromatin accessibility. However, the existing Python package for operating on coverage files is not optimized for speed.nnResultsWe developed pyBedGraph, a Python package to quickly obtain summary statistics for a given interval in a bedGraph file. When tested on 8 ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq datasets, pyBedGraph is on average 245 times faster than the existing program. Notably, pyBedGraph can look up the exact mean signal of 1 million regions in ~0.26 second on a conventional laptop. An approximate mean for 10,000 regions can be computed in ~0.0012 second with an error rate of less than 5 percent.nnAvailabilitypyBedGraph is publicly available at https://github.com/TheJacksonLaboratory/pyBedGraph under the MIT license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/709683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pyBedGraph: a Python package for fast operations on 1-dimensional genomic signal tracks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/711473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/711473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-cell fusion or syncytialization is fundamental to the reproduction, development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In addition to various cell-type specific fusogenic proteins, cell surface externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a universal eat-me signal in apoptotic cells, has been observed in different cell-fusion events. Nevertheless, molecular underpinnings of PS externalization and cellular mechanisms of PS-facilitated cell-cell fusion are unclear. Here we report that TMEM16F, a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase (CaPLSase), plays an indispensable role in placental trophoblast fusion by translocating PS to the cell surface independent of apoptosis. Consistent with its essential role in trophoblast fusion, the placentas from TMEM16F-deficient mice exhibit deficiency in syncytialization, placental developmental defects and perinatal lethality. Our findings thus identify a cell-cell fusion mechanism by which TMEM16F CaPLSase-dependent externalization of PS serves as a critical cell fusion signal to facilitate trophoblast syncytialization and placental development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohseni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natale, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/711473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/713198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and Quality Analysis of a Comprehensive Set of Structural Variants and Short Tandem Repeats using Deep Whole Genome Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/713198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural variants (SVs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) are important sources of genetic diversity but are not routinely analyzed in genetic studies because they are difficult to accurately identify and genotype. Because SVs and STRs range in size and type, it is necessary to apply multiple algorithms that incorporate different types of evidence from sequencing data and employ complex filtering strategies to discover a comprehensive set of high-quality and reproducible variants. Here we assembled a set of 719 deep whole genome sequencing (WGS) samples (mean 42x) from 477 distinct individuals which we used to discover and genotype a wide spectrum of SV and STR variants using five algorithms. We used 177 unique pairs of genetic replicates to identify factors that affect variant call reproducibility and developed a systematic filtering strategy to create of one of the most complete and well characterized maps of SVs and STRs to date.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jakubosky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>i2QTL Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HipSci Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegle, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBoever, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/713198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and Quality Analysis of a Comprehensive Set of Structural Variants and Short Tandem Repeats using Deep Whole Genome Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/713651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ALS Motor Neurons Exhibit Hallmark Metabolic Defects That Are Rescued by Nicotinamide and SIRT3 Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/713651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor neurons (MNs) are highly energetic cells and recent studies suggest that altered energy metabolism precede MN loss in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), an age-onset neurodegenerative disease. However, clear mechanistic insights linking altered metabolism and MN death are still missing. In this study, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from healthy controls, familial ALS and sporadic ALS patients were differentiated towards spinal MNs, cortical neurons and cardiomyocytes. Metabolic flux analyses reveal a MN-specific deficiency in mitochondrial respiration in ALS. Intriguingly, all forms of familial and sporadic ALS MNs tested in our study exhibited similar defective metabolic profiles, which were attributed to hyper-acetylation of mitochondrial proteins. In the mitochondria, SIRT3 functions as a mitochondrial deacetylase to maintain mitochondrial function and integrity. We found that activating SIRT3 using nicotinamide or a small molecule activator reversed the defective metabolic profiles in all our ALS MNs, as well as correct a constellation of ALS-associated phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hor, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamad Santosa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, V. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khong, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soh, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/713651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ALS Motor Neurons Exhibit Hallmark Metabolic Defects That Are Rescued by Nicotinamide and SIRT3 Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural variant classes and short tandem repeats differentially impact gene expression and complex traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural variants (SVs) and short tandem repeats (STRs) comprise a broad group of diverse DNA variants which vastly differ in their sizes and distributions across the genome. Here, we show that different SV classes and STRs differentially impact gene expression and complex traits. Functional differences between SV classes and STRs include their genomic locations relative to eGenes, likelihood of being associated with multiple eGenes, associated eGene types (e.g., coding, noncoding, level of evolutionary constraint), effect sizes, linkage disequilibrium with tagging single nucleotide variants used in GWAS, and likelihood of being associated with GWAS traits. We also identified a set of high-impact SVs/STRs associated with the expression of three or more eGenes via chromatin loops and showed they are highly enriched for being associated with GWAS traits. Our study provides insights into the genomic properties of structural variant classes and short tandem repeats that impact gene expression and human traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jakubosky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smail, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>i2QTL Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegle, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBoever, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/714477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural variant classes and short tandem repeats differentially impact gene expression and complex traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LSD1-mediated enhancer silencing enables endocrine cell development through attenuation of retinoic acid signalling. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental progression depends on temporally defined changes in gene expression mediated by transient exposure of lineage intermediates to signals in the progenitor niche. To identify a possible contribution of cell-intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms to signal-induced transcriptional responses, we manipulated the signalling environment and activity of the histone demethylase LSD1 during stepwise differentiation of gut tube intermediates into pancreatic endocrine cells. Analysis of enhancer and transcriptome landscapes revealed that lineage progression and endocrine cell differentiation requires LSD1-mediated silencing of transiently active retinoic acid (RA)-induced enhancers. In the absence of LSD1, early RA-responsive enhancers remain partially active despite RA removal, resulting in perduring expression of RA-induced genes, and failure to progress in development. Our findings identify LSD1-mediated enhancer silencing as a cell-intrinsic epigenetic feedback mechanism by which the duration of the transcriptional response to a developmental signal is limited. Given LSD1s requirement in numerous developmental contexts, the here-described mechanism would be broadly relevant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vinckier, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jhala, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LSD1-mediated enhancer silencing enables endocrine cell development through attenuation of retinoic acid signalling.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/720540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skeletal Muscle mTORC1 Activation Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Longevity in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/720540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) is a nutrient responsive protein kinase complex that helps co-ordinate anabolic processes across all tissues. There is evidence that signaling through mTORC1 in skeletal muscle may be a determinant of energy expenditure and aging and therefore components downstream of mTORC1 signaling may be potential targets for treating obesity and age-associated metabolic disease. Here, we generated mice with Ckmm-Cre driven ablation of Tsc1, which confers constitutive activation of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle and performed unbiased transcriptional analyses to identify pathways and candidate genes that may explain how skeletal muscle mTORC1 activity regulates energy balance and aging. Activation of skeletal muscle mTORC1 produced a striking resistance to diet-and age-induced obesity without inducing systemic insulin resistance. We found that increases in energy expenditure following a high fat diet were mTORC1-dependent and that elevated energy expenditure caused by ablation of Tsc1 coincided with the upregulation of skeletal muscle-specific thermogenic mechanisms that involve sarcolipin-driven futile cycling of Ca2+ through SERCA2. Additionally, we report that constitutive activation of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle reduces lifespan. These findings support the hypothesis that activation of mTORC1 and its downstream targets, specifically in skeletal muscle, may play a role in nutrient-dependent thermogenesis and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephenson, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redd, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, Q. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peloquin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulcahy, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltiel, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridges, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/720540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skeletal Muscle mTORC1 Activation Increases Energy Expenditure and Reduces Longevity in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predictive coding account of action perception: Evidence from effective connectivity in the Action Observation Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual perception of actions is supported by a network of brain regions in the occipito-temporal, parietal, and premotor cortex in the primate brain, known as the Action Observation Network (AON). Although there is a growing body of research that characterizes the functional properties of each node of this network, the communication and direction of information flow between the nodes is unclear. According to the predictive coding account of action perception, this network is not a purely feedforward system but has feedback connections through which prediction error signals are communicated between the regions of the AON. In the present study, we investigated the effective connectivity of the AON in an experimental setting where the human subjects predictions about the observed agent were violated, using fMRI and Dynamical Causal Modeling (DCM). We specifically examined the influence of the lowest and highest nodes in the AON hierarchy, pSTS and ventral premotor cortex, respectively, on the middle node, inferior parietal cortex during prediction violation. Our DCM results suggest that the influence on the inferior parietal node is through a feedback connection from ventral premotor cortex during perception of actions that violate peoples predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urgen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saygin, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/722298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predictive coding account of action perception: Evidence from effective connectivity in the Action Observation Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo lineage conversion of vertebrate muscle into early endoderm-like cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/722967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extent to which differentiated cells, while remaining in their native microenvironment, can be reprogrammed to assume a different identity will reveal fundamental insight into cellular plasticity and impact regenerative medicine. To investigate in vivo cell lineage potential, we leveraged the zebrafish as a practical vertebrate platform to determine factors and mechanisms necessary to induce differentiated cells of one germ layer to adopt the lineage of another. We discovered that ectopic co-expression of Sox32 and Oct4 in several non-endoderm lineages, including skeletal muscle, can specifically trigger an early endoderm genetic program in a cell-autonomous manner. Gene expression, live imaging, and functional studies reveal that the endoderm-induced muscle cells lose muscle gene expression and morphology, while specifically gaining endoderm organogenesis markers, such as the pancreatic specification genes, hhex and ptf1a, via a mechanism resembling normal development. Endoderm induction by a pluripotent defective form of Oct4, endoderm markers appearing prior to loss of muscle cell morphology, a lack of dependence on cell division, and a lack of mesoderm, ectoderm, dedifferentiation, and pluripotency gene activation, together, suggests that reprogramming is endoderm specific and occurs via direct lineage conversion. Our work demonstrates that within a vertebrate animal, stably differentiated cells can be induced to directly adopt the identity of a completely unrelated cell lineage, while remaining in a distinct microenvironment, suggesting that differentiated cells in vivo may be more amenable to lineage conversion than previously appreciated. This discovery of possibly unlimited lineage potential of differentiated cells in vivo challenges our understanding of cell lineage restriction and may pave the way towards a vast new in vivo supply of replacement cells for degenerative diseases such as diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espin-Palazon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matalonga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.-X. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huisken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, P. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/722967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo lineage conversion of vertebrate muscle into early endoderm-like cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Relating visual production and recognition of objects in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drawing is a powerful tool that can be used to convey rich perceptual information about objects in the world. What are the neural mechanisms that enable us to produce a recognizable drawing of an object, and how does this visual production experience influence how this object is represented in the brain? Here we evaluate the hypothesis that producing and recognizing an object recruit a shared neural representation, such that repeatedly drawing the object can enhance its perceptual discriminability in the brain. We scanned participants using fMRI across three phases of a training study: during training, participants repeatedly drew two objects in an alternating sequence on an MR-compatible tablet; before and after training, they viewed these and two other control objects, allowing us to measure the neural representation of each object in visual cortex. We found that: (1) stimulus-evoked representations of objects in visual cortex are recruited during visually cued production of drawings of these objects, even throughout the period when the object cue is no longer present; (2) the object currently being drawn is prioritized in visual cortex during drawing production, while other repeatedly drawn objects are suppressed; and (3) patterns of connectivity between regions in occipital and parietal cortex supported enhanced decoding of the currently drawn object across the training phase, suggesting a potential substrate for learning how to transform perceptual representations into representational actions. Taken together, our study provides novel insight into the functional relationship between visual production and recognition in the brain.nnSignificance StatementHumans can produce simple line drawings that capture rich information about their perceptual experiences. However, the mechanisms that support this behavior are not well understood. Here we investigate how regions in visual cortex participate in the recognition of an object and the production of a drawing of it. We find that these regions carry diagnostic information about an object in a similar format both during recognition and production, and that practice drawing an object enhances transmission of information about it to downstream regions. Taken together, our study provides novel insight into the functional relationship between visual production and recognition in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wammes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamins, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turk-Browne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Relating visual production and recognition of objects in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chance and Necessity in the Pleiotropic Consequences of Adaptation for Budding Yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/724617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations that a population accumulates during evolution in one ("home") environment may cause fitness gains or losses in other conditions. Such pleiotropic fitness effects determine the evolutionary fate of the population in variable environments and can lead to ecological specialization. It is unclear how the pleiotropic outcomes of evolution are shaped by the intrinsic randomness of the evolutionary process and by the deterministic variation in selection pressures across environments. To address this question, we evolved 20 replicate populations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 11 laboratory environments and measured their fitness across multiple other conditions. We found that evolution in all home environments led to a diversity of patterns of pleiotropic fitness gains and losses, driven by multiple types of mutations. Approximately 60% percent of this variation are explained by clones home environment and the most common parallel genetic changes, while about 40% are attributed to the stochastic accumulation of mutations whose pleiotropic effects are unpredictable. On average, populations specialized to their home environment, but generalists also evolved in almost all conditions. Our results suggest that the mutations accumulating in a home environment incur a variety of pleiotropic effects, from costs to benefits, with different probabilities. Therefore, whether a population evolves towards a specialist or a generalist phenotype is heavily influenced by chance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jerison, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Ba, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/724617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chance and Necessity in the Pleiotropic Consequences of Adaptation for Budding Yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laccase-mediated catalyzed fluorescent reporter deposition for live cell imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) is a widely established method for labeling biological samples analyzed using microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase, commonly used in CARD to amplify reporter signals, requires the addition of hydrogen peroxide which may perturb samples used in live-cell microscopy. Herein we describe an alternative method of performing CARD using a laccase enzyme, which does not require exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Laccase is an oxidative enzyme which can carry out single-electron oxidations of phenols and related compounds by reducing molecular oxygen. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for this technique through the non-targeted covalent labeling of bovine serum albumin using a fluorescently-labeled ferulic acid derivative as the laccase reporter substrate. We further demonstrate the viability of this approach by performing live-cell CARD with an antibody-conjugated laccase against a surface bound target. CARD using laccase produces an amplified fluorescence signal by labeling cells without the need for exogenous hydrogen peroxide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cisneros, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laccase-mediated catalyzed fluorescent reporter deposition for live cell imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variations in Brain Morphometry Among Healthy Preschoolers Born Very Preterm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPreterm birth is associated with an increased risk of neonatal brain injury, which can lead to alterations in brain maturation. Advances in neonatal care have dramatically reduced the incidence of the most significant medical consequences of preterm birth. Relatively healthy preterm infants remain at increased risk for subtle injuries that impact future neurodevelopmental and functioning.nnAimsTo investigate the gray matter morphometry measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and sulcal depth in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging at 5 years of age in healthy children born very preterm.nnStudy designCohort studynnSubjectsParticipants were 52 children born very preterm (VPT; less than 33 weeks gestational age) and 37 children born full term.nnOutcome measuresCortical segmentation and calculation of morphometry measures were completed using FreeSurfer version 5.3.0 and compared between groups using voxel-wise, surface-based analyses.nnResultsThe VPT group had a significantly thinner cortex in temporal and parietal regions as well as thicker gray matter in the occipital and inferior frontal regions. Reduced surface area was found in the fusiform area in the VPT group. Sulcal depth was also lower in the VPT group within the posterior parietal and inferior temporal regions and greater sulcal depth was found in the middle temporal and medial parietal regions. Results in some of these regions were correlated with gestational age at birth in the VPT group.nnConclusionsThe most widespread differences between the VPT and FT groups were found in cortical thickness. These findings may represent a combination of delayed maturation and permanent alterations caused by the perinatal processes associated with very preterm birth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasler, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akshoomoff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/734277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variations in Brain Morphometry Among Healthy Preschoolers Born Very Preterm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Movement abilities and brain development in preschoolers born very preterm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimTo examine how healthy preschoolers born very preterm (VPT) with and without significant movement impairments differ from full term (FT) controls in subcortical brain volume measures and white matter diffusion properties.nnMethodA case-control, observational study of fifty-four VPT-born and 32 FT-born children were administered the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition (MABC-2) and underwent MRI within 6-months of starting kindergarten. Selected subcortical structural volumes, fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD) of selected white matter tracts were compared across VPT children with movement impairments (VPT-abnormal), and VPT and FT children without movement impairments.nnResultsThe VPT-abnormal group had higher MD in the corpus callosum and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus and lower FA in the anterior thalamic radiations, corpus callosum, and cingulum than the FT group. The forceps major was particularly affected in the VPT-abnormal group compared with the VPT and FT groups without movement impairments. Both VPT groups had reduced brainstem and cerebellar white matter volumes and larger lateral ventricles compared to the FT group.nnInterpretationMovement impairments in healthy VPT preschoolers were associated with more abnormalities in white matter integrity and reduced subcortical brain volumes most likely reflecting a greater extent of white matter damage associated with their very preterm birth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasler, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaucher, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akshoomoff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/734319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Movement abilities and brain development in preschoolers born very preterm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation of talin-vinculin pre-complexes dictates maturation of nascent adhesions by accelerated force transmission and vinculin recruitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Talin, vinculin, and paxillin are mechanosensitive proteins that are recruited early to integrin-based nascent adhesions (NAs). Using machine learning, traction microscopy, single-particle-tracking, and fluorescence fluctuation analysis, we find that talin, vinculin, and paxillin are recruited in near-synchrony to NAs maturing to focal adhesions. After initial recruitment of all three proteins under minimal load, vinculin accumulates in these NAs at a ~5 fold higher rate than in non-maturing NAs and with faster growth in traction. We identify a domain in talin, R8, which exposes a vinculin-binding-site (VBS) without requiring load. Stabilizing this domain via mutation lowers load-free vinculin binding to talin, impairs maturation of NAs, and reduces the rate of additional vinculin recruitment. Taken together, our data show that talins concurrent localization with vinculin, before engagement with integrins, is essential for NA maturation, which entails traction-mediated unfolding of talin and exposure of additional VBSs triggering further vinculin binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitewood, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttierrez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwitz, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goult, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danuser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/735183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation of talin-vinculin pre-complexes dictates maturation of nascent adhesions by accelerated force transmission and vinculin recruitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-active imidazolopiperazine antimalarials target the Plasmodium falciparum intracellular secretory pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWOne of the most promising new compound classes in clinical development for the treatment of malaria is the imidazolopiperazines (IZPs) class. Human trials have demonstrated that members of the IZP series, which includes KAF156 (Ganaplacide) and GNF179, are potent and effective against Plasmodium symptomatic asexual blood-stage infections. Unlike other commonly used antimalarials, they also prevent transmission and block future infection in animal models. Despite the identification of several Plasmodium falciparum resistance mechanisms including mutations in ER-localized PfCARL (PfEMP65), Acetyl-coA transporter, and PfUGT transporter, IZPs mechanism of action remains unknown.nnTo investigate, we combined in vitro evolution and whole-genome analysis in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae with molecular, metabolomic, and chemogenomic methods, in P. falciparum. S. cerevisiae clones that resist IZP activity carry multiple mutations in genes that encode endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-based lipid homeostasis and autophagy including elo2, elo3, sur2, atg15 and lcb4, as well as ER-based sec66. In Plasmodium, IZPs cause inhibition of protein trafficking, block the establishment of new permeation pathways and result in ER expansion. We also observe sensitization with other secretion inhibitors such as brefeldin A and golgicidin as well as synthetic lethality with PfSEC62. Our data show that IZPs target the secretory pathway and highlight a novel mechanism for blocking parasite growth and development that is distinct from those of standard compounds used to treat malaria. In addition, we provide physiological signatures and hallmarks for inhibitors that work through this mechanism of action and show that IZPs are tool compounds for studying ER-dependent protein processing in different species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaMonte, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marapana, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnadig, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottilie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luth, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worgall, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldgof, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohunlal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, T. R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowman, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/735894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-active imidazolopiperazine antimalarials target the Plasmodium falciparum intracellular secretory pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomere-to-telomere assembly of a complete human X chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/735928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After nearly two decades of improvements, the current human reference genome (GRCh38) is the most accurate and complete vertebrate genome ever produced. However, no one chromosome has been finished end to end, and hundreds of unresolved gaps persist 1,2. The remaining gaps include ribosomal rDNA arrays, large near-identical segmental duplications, and satellite DNA arrays. These regions harbor largely unexplored variation of unknown consequence, and their absence from the current reference genome can lead to experimental artifacts and hide true variants when re-sequencing additional human genomes. Here we present a de novo human genome assembly that surpasses the continuity of GRCh38 2, along with the first gapless, telomere-to-telomere assembly of a human chromosome. This was enabled by high-coverage, ultra-long-read nanopore sequencing of the complete hydatidiform mole CHM13 genome, combined with complementary technologies for quality improvement and validation. Focusing our efforts on the human X chromosome 3, we reconstructed the [~]2.8 megabase centromeric satellite DNA array and closed all 29 remaining gaps in the current reference, including new sequence from the human pseudoautosomal regions and cancer-testis ampliconic gene families (CT-X and GAGE). This complete chromosome X, combined with the ultra-long nanopore data, also allowed us to map methylation patterns across complex tandem repeats and satellite arrays for the first time. These results demonstrate that finishing the human genome is now within reach and will enable ongoing efforts to complete the remaining human chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porubsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potapova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fredrickson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tigyi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremitzki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markovic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maduro, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouffard, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibaud-Nissen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belton, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahasrabudhe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loman, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loose, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surti, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risques, R. a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, T. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timp, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/735928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomere-to-telomere assembly of a complete human X chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/736249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic regulation of immunity through post-translational control of defense transcript splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/736249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Survival of all living organisms requires the ability to detect attack and swiftly counter with protective immune responses. Despite considerable mechanistic advances, interconnectivity of signaling circuits often remains unclear. A newly-characterized protein, IMMUNOREGULATORY RNA-BINDING PROTEIN (IRR), negatively regulates immune responses in both maize and Arabidopsis, with disrupted function resulting in enhanced disease resistance. IRR physically interacts with, and promotes canonical splicing of, transcripts encoding defense signaling proteins, including the key negative regulator of pattern recognition receptor signaling complexes, CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 28 (CPK28). Upon immune activation by Plant Elicitor Peptides (Peps), IRR is dephosphorylated, disrupting interaction with CPK28 transcripts and resulting in accumulation of an alternative splice variant encoding a truncated CPK28 protein with impaired kinase activity and diminished function as a negative regulator. We demonstrate a novel circuit linking Pep-induced post-translational modification of IRR with post-transcriptionally-mediated attenuation of CPK28 function to dynamically amplify Pep signaling and immune output.nnOne Sentence SummaryPlant innate immunity is promoted by post-translational modification of a novel RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing of transcripts encoding defense signaling proteins to dynamically increase immune receptor signaling capacity through deactivation of a key signal-buffering circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dressano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weckwerth, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poretsky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huffaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/736249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic regulation of immunity through post-translational control of defense transcript splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPTSD and depression commonly co-occur and have been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes compared to healthy and trauma-exposed controls. However, the hippocampus is heterogeneous, with subregions that may be uniquely affected in individuals with PTSD and depression.nnMethodsWe used random effects regressions and a harmonized neuroimaging protocol based on FreeSurfer (v6.0) to identify sub-structural hippocampal markers of current PTSD (C-PTSD), depression, and the interaction of these conditions across 31 cohorts worldwide (N=3,115; Mage=38.9{+/-}13.9 years). Secondary analyses tested these associations by sex and after modeling the simultaneous effects of remitted PTSD, childhood trauma, mild traumatic brain injury, and alcohol use disorder.nnResultsA significant negative main effect of depression (n=800, vs. no depression, n=1456) was observed in the hippocampal tail ({beta}=-0.13) and CA1 ({beta}=-0.09) after adjusting for covariates and multiple testing (adjusted ps (q)=0.028). A main effect of C-PTSD (n=1042 vs. control, n=1359) was not significant, but an interaction between C-PTSD and depression was significant in the CA1 ({beta}=-0.24, q=0.044). Pairwise comparisons revealed significantly smaller CA1 volumes in individuals with C-PTSD+Depression than controls ({beta}=-0.12, q=0.012), C-PTSD-only ({beta}=-0.17, q=0.001), and Depression-only ({beta}=-0.18, q=0.023). Follow-up analyses revealed sex effects in the hippocampal tail of depressed females, and an interaction effect of C-PTSD and depression in the fimbria of males.nnConclusionsCollectively our results suggest that depression is a stronger predictor of hippocampal volumetry than PTSD, particularly in the CA1, and provide compelling evidence of more pronounced hippocampal phenotypes in comorbid PTSD and depression compared to either condition alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sämann, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iglesias, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seedat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averill, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bright, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckle, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Densmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>du Plessis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grupe, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenette, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollifield, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosseini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy-Krage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinzel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/739094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal subfield volumes are uniquely affected in PTSD and depression: International analysis of 31 cohorts from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Working Group]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targetable Tetrazine-Based Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Agents for Biological Systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has shown great promise as a tool to enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of proteins in the cellular environment. As the sensitivity increases, the ability to select and efficiently polarize a specific macromolecule over the cellular background has become desirable. Here, we address this need and present a tetrazine-based DNP polarization agent that can be targeted selectively to proteins containing the unnatural amino acid (UAA) norbornene-lysine. The UAA can be introduced efficiently by genetic means in the cellular milieu. Our approach is bio-orthogonal and easily adaptable to any protein of interest. We illustrate the scope of our methodology and investigate the DNP polarization transfer mechanisms in several biological systems. Our results present the first molecular view of the complex polarization transfer pathways in targeted DNP and ultimately pave the way to selective DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy in both bacterial and mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targetable Tetrazine-Based Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Agents for Biological Systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trading Genome Vulnerability for Stable Genetic Inheritance: Active Retrotransposons Help Maintain Pericentromeric Heterochromatin Required for Faithful Cell Division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retrotransposons are extensively populated in vertebrate genomes, which, when active, are thought to cause genome instability with potential benefit to genome evolution. Retrotransposon-derived RNAs are also known to give rise to small endo-siRNAs to help maintain heterochromatin at their sites of transcription; however, as not all heterochromatic regions are equally active in transcription, it remains unclear how heterochromatin is maintained across the genome. Here, we attack these problems by defining the origins of repeat-derived RNAs and their specific chromatin registers in Drosophila S2 cells. We demonstrate that repeat RNAs are predominantly derived from active Gypsy elements, and upon their processing by Dicer-2, these endo-siRNAs act in cis and trans to help maintain pericentromeric heterochromatin. Remarkably, we show that synthetic repeat-derived siRNAs are sufficient to rescue Dicer-2 deficiency-induced defects in heterochromatin formation in interphase and chromosome segregation during mitosis, thus demonstrating that active retrotransposons are actually required for stable genetic inheritance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trading Genome Vulnerability for Stable Genetic Inheritance: Active Retrotransposons Help Maintain Pericentromeric Heterochromatin Required for Faithful Cell Division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/742403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls adaptive insulin secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/742403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptation of the islet {beta}-cell insulin secretory response to changing insulin demand is critical for blood glucose homeostasis, yet the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are unknown. Here, we show that nutrient-stimulated histone acetylation plays a key role in adapting insulin secretion through regulation of genes involved in {beta}-cell nutrient sensing and metabolism. Nutrient regulation of the epigenome occurs at sites occupied by the chromatin-modifying enzyme Lsd1 in islets. We demonstrate that {beta}-cell-specific deletion of Lsd1 leads to insulin hypersecretion, aberrant expression of nutrient response genes, and histone hyperacetylation. Islets from mice adapted to chronically increased insulin demand exhibited similar epigenetic and transcriptional changes. Moreover, genetic variants associated with fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes are enriched at LSD1-bound sites in human islets, suggesting that interpretation of nutrient signals is genetically determined. Our findings reveal that adaptive insulin secretion involves Lsd1-mediated coupling of nutrient state to regulation of the islet epigenome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wortham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischman, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinckier, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jhala, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirihai, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huising, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/742403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nutrient regulation of the islet epigenome controls adaptive insulin secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/744821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological inhibition of the heart of glass (HEG1)-Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) protein complex increases Kruppel-like Factors 4 and 2 (KLF4/2) expression in endothelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/744821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Kruppel-like Factors 4 and 2 (KLF4/2) are transcription factors and master regulators of endothelial cells (ECs) phenotype and homeostasis. KLF4/2 are important blood-flow-responsive genes within ECs that differentially regulate the expression of factors that confer anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antiproliferative effects in ECs. Genetic inactivation of endothelial KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped protein 1) or HEG1 (Heart of glass) lead to upregulation of KLF4/2 expression levels. Furthermore, increased expression of thrombomodulin (THBD) and suppression of thrombospondin (THBS1) was ascribed to elevation of KLF4/2 as a result of loss of endothelial KRIT1. Here, we developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify inhibitors of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction and identified, HEG1-KRIT1 inhibitor 1 (HKi1), as a promising hit inhibitor. The crystal structure of HKi1 bound to the KRIT1 FERM domain confirmed the primary screening results and ultimately led to the identification of a fragment-like inhibitor (HKi3), which occupies the HEG1 pocket producing comparable activity. These findings suggest that these inhibitors block the interaction by competing with the HEG1 for binding to KRIT1 FERM domain. Moreover, our results demonstrate that HKi3 upregulates KLF4/2 gene expression in two types of human ECs. These results reveal that acute pharmacological inhibition of the HEG1-KRIT1 interaction rapidly induces expression of KLF4/2 and their important transcriptional targets thrombomodulin and thrombospondin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynes, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oukoloff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bautista, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongol, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballatore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/744821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological inhibition of the heart of glass (HEG1)-Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) protein complex increases Kruppel-like Factors 4 and 2 (KLF4/2) expression in endothelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of resistance in vitro reveals a novel mechanism of artemisinin activity in Toxoplasma gondii. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artemisinins are effective against a variety of parasites and provide the first line of treatment for malaria. Laboratory studies have identified several mechanisms for artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, including mutations in Kelch13 that are associated with delayed clearance in some clinical isolates, although other mechanisms are likely involved. To explore other potential mechanisms of resistance in parasites, we took advantage of the genetic tractability of T. gondii, a related apicomplexan parasite that shows moderate sensitivity to artemisinin. Resistant populations of T. gondii were selected by culture in increasing drug concentrations and whole genome sequencing identified several non-conservative point mutations that emerged in the population and were fixed over time. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 was used to introduce point mutations conferring amino acids changes in a serine protease homologous to DegP and a serine/threonine protein kinase of unknown function. Single and double mutations conferred a competitive advantage over wild type parasites in the presence of drug, despite not changing EC50 values. Additionally, the evolved resistant lines showed dramatic amplification of the mitochondrial genome, including genes encoding cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I. Consistent with prior studies in yeast and mammalian tumor cells that implicate the mitochondrion as a target of artemisinins, treatment of wild type parasites with artemisinin decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and resistant parasites showed altered morphology and decreased membrane potential. These findings extend the repertoire of mutations associated with artemisinin resistance and suggest that the mitochondrion may be an important target of inhibition in T. gondii.nnSignificanceArtemisinins provide important therapeutic agents for treatment of malaria and have potential for use in other infections and in cancer. Their use is threatened by the potential for resistance development, so understanding their mechanism of action and identifying genetic changes that alter sensitivity are important for improving clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that mutations in novel targets can contribute to the emergence of parasites with increased tolerance to artemisinin treatment and that such mutations can confer a fitness advantage even in the absence of a notable shift in EC50. Our findings also support the idea that inhibition of mitochondrial function may be an important target in T. gondii, as previously suggested by studies in yeast and human cancer cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rozenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luth, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibley, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of resistance in vitro reveals a novel mechanism of artemisinin activity in Toxoplasma gondii.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzyme-free synthesis of natural phospholipids in water 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All living organisms synthesize phospholipids as the primary constituent of their cell membranes. While phospholipids can spontaneously self-assemble in water to form membrane-bound vesicles, their aqueous synthesis requires pre-existing membrane-embedded enzymes. This limitation has led to models in which the first cells used simpler types of membrane building blocks and has hampered integration of phospholipid synthesis into artificial cells. Here we demonstrate that a combination of ion pairing and self-assembly of reactants allows high-yielding synthesis of cellular phospholipids in water. Acylation of 2-lysophospholipids using cationic thioesters occurs in mildly alkaline solutions resulting in the formation of cell-like membranes. A variety of membrane-forming natural phospholipids can be synthesized. Membrane formation takes place in water from natural alkaline sources, such as soda lakes and hydrothermal oceanic vents. When formed vesicles are transferred to more acidic solutions, electrochemical proton gradients are spontaneously established and maintained.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, S. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houk, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzyme-free synthesis of natural phospholipids in water]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/748038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic Prediction of Substance Use Disorders in Clinical and Population Samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/748038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide, polygenic risk scores (PRS) have emerged as a useful way to characterize genetic liability using genotypic data. There is growing evidence that PRS may prove useful to identify those at increased risk for developing certain diseases. The current utility of PRS in relation to alcohol use disorders (AUD) remains an open question. Using data from both a population-based sample [the FinnTwin12 (FT12) study] and a high risk sample [the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA)], we examined the association between PRSs derived from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 1) alcohol dependence/alcohol problems, 2) alcohol consumption, and 3) risky behaviors with AUD and other substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms. Individuals in the top 20%, 10%, and 5% of PRSs had increasingly greater odds of having an AUD compared to the lower end of the continuum in both COGA (80th % OR = 1.95; 90th % OR = 2.03; 95th % OR = 2.13) and FT12 (80th % OR = 1.77; 90th % OR = 2.27; 95th % OR = 2.39). Those in the top 5% reported greater levels of licit (alcohol and nicotine) and illicit (cannabis) SUD symptoms. PRSs can predict elevated risk for SUD in independent samples. However, clinical utility of these scores in their current form is modest. As these scores become more predictive of SUD, they may become useful to practitioners. Improvement in predictive ability will likely be dependent on increasing the size of well-phenotyped discovery samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barr, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ksinan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetherill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latvala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleive, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuperman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurnberger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamarajan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anokhin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuckit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaprio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/748038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic Prediction of Substance Use Disorders in Clinical and Population Samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental evolution reveals the genetic basis and systems biology of superoxide stress tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial response to oxidative stress is of fundamental importance. Oxidative stresses are endogenous, such as reactive oxidative species (ROS) production during respiration, or exogenous in industrial biotechnology, due to culture conditions or product toxicity. The immune system inflicts strong ROS stress on invading pathogens. In this study we make use of Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) to generate two independent lineages of Escherichia coli with increased tolerance to superoxide stress by up to 500% compared to wild type. We found: 1) that the use of ALE reveals the genetic basis for and systems biology of ROS tolerance, 2) that there are only 6 and 7 mutations, respectively, in each lineage, five of which reproducibly occurred in the same genes (iron-sulfur cluster regulator iscR, putative iron-sulfur repair protein ygfZ, pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit E aceE, succinate dehydrogenase sucA, and glutamine tRNA glnX), and 3) that the transcriptome of the strain lineages exhibits two different routes of tolerance: the direct mitigation and repair of ROS damage and the up-regulation of cell motility and swarming genes mediated through phosphate starvation, which has been linked to biofilm formation and aggregation. These two transcriptomic responses can be interpreted as  flight and  fight phenotypes.nnImportanceBacteria encounter oxidative stress from multiple sources. During pathogenic infections, our bodys immune system releases ROS as a form of antimicrobial defense whilst bacteria used in industrial biotechnology are frequently exposed to genetic modifications and culture conditions which induce oxidative stress. In order to get around the bodys defences, pathogens have developed various adaptations to tolerate high levels of ROS, and these adaptive mechanisms are not always well understood. At the same time, there is a need to improve oxidative stress tolerance for industrially relevant strains in order to increase robustness and productivity. In this study we generate two strains of superoxide tolerant Escherichia coli and identify several adaptive mechanisms. These findings can be directly applied to improve production strain fitness in an industrial setting. They also provide insight into potential virulence factors in other pathogens, highlighting potential targets for antimicrobial compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/749887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental evolution reveals the genetic basis and systems biology of superoxide stress tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/750471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repository-scale Co- and Re-analysis of Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/750471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolomics data are difficult to find and reuse, even in public repositories. We, therefore, developed the Reanalysis of Data User (ReDU) interface (https://redu.ucsd.edu/), a community- and data-driven approach that solves this problem at the repository scale. ReDU enables public data discovery and co- or re-analysis via uniformly formatted, publicly available MS/MS data and metadata in the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking Platform (GNPS), consistent with findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) principles.1
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aceves, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Advani, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguire, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauermeister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolleddu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouslimani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coras, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elijah, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husband, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamenik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gouellec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPhail, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menezes, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya-Giraldo, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias-Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikora, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/750471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repository-scale Co- and Re-analysis of Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/751347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A metabolic network-based approach for developing feeding strategies for CHO cells to increase monoclonal antibody production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/751347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the main workhorse in the biopharmaceutical industry for the production of recombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies. To date, a variety of metabolic engineering approaches have been used to improve the productivity of CHO cells. While genetic manipulations are potentially laborious in mammalian cells, rational design of CHO cell culture medium or efficient fed-batch strategies are more popular approaches for bioprocess optimization. In this study, a genome-scale metabolic network model of CHO cells was used to design feeding strategies for CHO cells to improve monoclonal antibody (mAb) production. A number of metabolites, including threonine and arachidonate, were suggested by the model to be added into cell culture medium. The designed composition has been experimentally validated, and then optimized, using design of experiment methods. About a two-fold increase in the total mAb expression has been observed using this strategy. Our approach can be used in similar bioprocess optimization problems, in order to suggest new ways of increasing production in different cell factories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fouladiha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marashi, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torkashvand, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahboudi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaziri, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/751347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A metabolic network-based approach for developing feeding strategies for CHO cells to increase monoclonal antibody production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interspecies transcriptome analyses identify genes that control the development and evolution of limb skeletal proportion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/754002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the great diversity of vertebrate limb proportion and our deep understanding of the genetic mechanisms that drive skeletal elongation, little is known about how individual bones reach different lengths in any species. Here, we directly compare the transcriptomes of homologous growth cartilages of the mouse (Mus musculus) and bipedal jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), which has extremely long metatarsals of the feet and  mouse-like arms. When we intersected gene expression differences in metatarsals of the two species with expression differences in forearms, we found that about 10% of all orthologous genes are associated with disproportionate elongation of jerboa feet. Among these, Shox2, has gained expression in jerboa metatarsals where it is not expressed in other vertebrates that have been assessed. This transcription factor is necessary for proximal limb elongation, and we show that it is sufficient to increase mouse distal limb length. Unexpectedly, we also found evidence that jerboa foot elongation occurs in part by releasing latent growth potential that is repressed in mouse feet. In jerboa metatarsals, we observed higher expression of Crabp1, an antagonist of growth inhibitory retinoic acid, lower expression of Gdf10, an inhibitory TGF{beta} ligand, and lower expression of Mab21L2, a BMP signaling inhibitor that we show is sufficient to reduce limb bone elongation. By intersecting our data with prior expression analyses in other systems, we identify mechanisms that may both establish limb proportion during development and diversify proportion during evolution. The genes we identified here therefore provide a framework to understand the modular genetic control of skeletal growth and the remarkable malleability of vertebrate limb proportion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saxena, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erberich, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birmingham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/754002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interspecies transcriptome analyses identify genes that control the development and evolution of limb skeletal proportion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/761601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Factors that influence the thymic selection of CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/761601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thymocytes bearing {beta} T cell receptors (TCR{beta}) with high affinity for self-peptide-MHC complexes undergo negative selection or are diverted to alternate T cell lineages, a process termed agonist selection. Among thymocytes bearing TCRs restricted to MHC class I, agonist selection can lead to the development of precursors that can home to the gut and give rise to CD8-expressing intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8 IELs). The factors that influence the choice between negative selection versus CD8 IEL development remain largely unknown. Using a synchronized thymic tissue slice model that supports both negative selection and CD8IEL development, we show that the affinity threshold for CD8 IEL development is higher than for negative selection. We also investigate the impact of peptide presenting cells and cytokines, and the migration patterns associated with these alternative cell fates. Our data highlight the roles of TCR affinity and the thymic microenvironments on T cell fate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurd, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weist, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robey, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/761601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Factors that influence the thymic selection of CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Validation of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) as a Biomarker of Parkinson’s Disease Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/762237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo assess neurofilament light chain (NfL), as a biomarker for Parkinsons disease (PD).

MethodsWe quantified NfL in (1) longitudinal CSF samples from PD, other cognate/neurodegenerative disorders (OND), and healthy controls (HC); (2) a cross-sectional cohort with paired CSF and serum samples from participants with PD, OND, and HC, and (3) a large longitudinal validation cohort with serum samples from PD, OND, HC, prodromal conditions, and mutation carriers.

ResultsIn the longitudinal discovery cohort (1) NfL in CSF was highest in OND and higher in PD vs. HC across all visits (p<0.05) but did not change longitudinally. In the cross-sectional cohort (2) paired CSF and serum NfL samples were highly correlated (Spearmans rank [Formula]; p<10^-6). In the large validation cohort (3) mean baseline serum NfL was higher in PD (13{+/-}7.2pg/ml) vs. HC (12{+/-}6.7pg/ml; p=0.0336) and was highest in OND (18{+/-}7pg/ml; p=0.0351). Serum NfL increased longitudinally in PD vs. HC (p<0.01). Longitudinal motor scores were positively longitudinally associated with NfL, whereas some cognitive scores showed a negative longitudinal association with NfL.

ConclusionsNfL levels in serum samples are increased in PD vs. HC, increase significantly over time, and correlate with clinical measures of PD severity. Although the specificity of NfL in PD is low and more specific biomarkers are needed, serum NfL is the first blood-based biomarker candidate that could support disease stratification (PD vs. OND), track clinical progression, and possibly assess responsiveness to neuroprotective treatments. NfL as a biomarker of response to neuroprotective interventions remains to be determined.

Funding sources for studyPPMI is sponsored by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinsons Research (MJFF) and is co-funded by MJFF, Abbvie, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Biogen Idec, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Covance, Eli Lilly & Co., F. Hoffman-La Roche, Ltd., GE Healthcare, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Merck, MesoScale, Piramal, Pfizer and UCB. The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data, in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Financial Disclosure/Conflict of Interest concerning the research related to the manuscriptBrit Mollenhauer, Douglas Galasko, Tatiana Foroud, Lana M. Chahine, Christopher S. Coffey, Andrew B. Singleton, Tanya Simuni, Daniel Weintraub, John Seibyl, Arthur W. Toga, and Caroline M. Tanner received funding from The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinsons Research.

Mohammed Dakna, Tzu-Ying Liu, Henrik Zetterberg, Sebastian Schade, Roland G. Gera, Wenting Wang, Feng Gao, Niels Kruse, Mark Frasier, Jesse M. Cedarbaum, Samantha J. Hutten, Claudia Trenkwalder, and Danielle Graham report no disclosures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mollenhauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dakna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galasko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroud, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zetterberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schade, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frasier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chahine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singleton, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simuni, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weintraub, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seibyl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toga, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanner, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieburtz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siderowf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cedarbaum, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutten, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trenkwalder, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/762237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Validation of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) as a Biomarker of Parkinson’s Disease Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network-based clustering for drug sensitivity prediction in cancer cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of large-scale pharmacogenomics provides an unprecedented opportunity to develop computational models that can accurately predict large cohorts of cell lines and drugs. In this work, we present a novel method for predicting drug sensitivity in cancer cell lines which considers both cell line genomic features and drug chemical features. Our network-based approach combines the theory of optimal mass transport (OMT) with machine learning techniques. It starts with unsupervised clustering of both cell line and drug data, followed by the prediction of drug sensitivity in the paired cluster of cell lines and drugs. We show that prior clustering of the heterogenous cell lines and structurally diverse drugs significantly improves the accuracy of the prediction. In addition, it facilities the interpretability of the results and identification of molecular biomarkers which are significant for both clustering of the cell lines and predicting the drug response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pouryahya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belkhatir, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moosmuller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deasy, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tannenbaum, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/764043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network-based clustering for drug sensitivity prediction in cancer cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interferon stimulated genes mark pathogenic cells of the emergency myelopoietic response to sterile tissue injury in mice and humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sterile tissue injury locally activates innate immune responses via interactions with damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, by analyzing [~]120K single cell transcriptomes after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice and humans, we show neutrophil and monocyte subsets induce type I interferon (IFN) stimulated genes (ISGs) in myeloid progenitors of the bone marrow, far from the site of injury. In patients with acute MI, peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes express ISGs at levels far beyond healthy individuals and comparable to patients with lupus. In the bone marrow of Tet2-/- mice, ISGs are spontaneously induced in myeloid progenitors and their progeny. In the heart, IFN responses are negatively regulated by Ccr2- resident macrophages in a Nrf2-dependent fashion. Our results show post-MI IFN signaling begins in the bone marrow, implicate multiple transcription factors in its regulation (Tet2, Irf3, Nrf2), and provide a clinical biomarker (ISG score) for studying post-MI IFN signaling in patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcagno, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toomu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/765404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interferon stimulated genes mark pathogenic cells of the emergency myelopoietic response to sterile tissue injury in mice and humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Open Source Mesh Generation Platform for Biophysical Modeling Using Realistic Cellular Geometries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in imaging methods such as electron microscopy, tomography, and other modalities are enabling high-resolution reconstructions of cellular and organelle geometries. Such advances pave the way for using these geometries for biophysical and mathematical modeling once these data can be represented as a geometric mesh, which, when carefully conditioned, enables the discretization and solution of partial differential equations. In this study, we outline the steps for a naive user to approach GAMer 2, a mesh generation code written in C++ designed to convert structural datasets to realistic geometric meshes, while preserving the underlying shapes. We present two example cases, 1) mesh generation at the subcellular scale as informed by electron tomography, and 2) meshing a protein with structure from x-ray crystallography. We further demonstrate that the meshes generated by GAMer are suitable for use with numerical methods. Together, this collection of libraries and tools simplifies the process of constructing realistic geometric meshes from structural biology data.

SIGNIFICANCEAs biophysical structure determination methods improve, the rate of new structural data is increasing. New methods that allow the interpretation, analysis, and reuse of such structural information will thus take on commensurate importance. In particular, geometric meshes, such as those commonly used in graphics and mathematics, can enable a myriad of mathematical analysis. In this work, we describe GAMer 2, a mesh generation library designed for biological datasets. Using GAMer 2 and associated tools PyGAMer and BlendGAMer, biologists can robustly generate computer and algorithm friendly geometric mesh representations informed by structural biology data. We expect that GAMer 2 will be a valuable tool to bring realistic geometries to biophysical models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holst, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/765453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Open Source Mesh Generation Platform for Biophysical Modeling Using Realistic Cellular Geometries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects of predators are strong whereas those of parasites are diverse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ecology of fear demonstrates how prey responses to avoid predation cause non-lethal effects at all ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with those of predators. We developed a framework for systematically answering this question for all types of predator and parasite systems. Our framework predicts that trait responses and their non-lethal effects should be strongest from predators and parasites that do not kill individuals to feed on them, but which nevertheless damage fitness. Analysing trait response data on amphibians, which have been well-studied for this area of research, showed that individuals generally responded more directly to short-term predation risks than to parasitism. Apart from studies using amphibians, there have been few direct comparisons of responses to predation and parasitism, and none have incorporated responses to micropredators, parasitoids, or parasitic castrators, or examined their long-term consequences. Addressing these and other data gaps highlighted by our general framework can advance the field toward understanding how non-lethal effects shape real food webs, which contain multiple predator and parasite species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daversa, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hechinger, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects of predators are strong whereas those of parasites are diverse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding the role of urban design in disease spreading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cities are complex systems whose characteristics impact the health of people who live in them. Nonetheless, urban determinants of health often vary within spatial scales smaller than the resolution of epidemiological datasets. Thus, as cities expand and their inequalities grow, the development of theoretical frameworks that explain health at the neighborhood level is becoming increasingly critical. To this end, we developed a methodology that uses census data to introduce urban geography as a leading-order predictor in the spread of influenza-like pathogens. Here, we demonstrate our framework using neighborhood-level census data for Guadalajara (GDL, Western Mexico). Our simulations were calibrated using weekly hospitalization data from the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic and show that daily mobility patterns drive neighborhood-level variations in the basic reproduction number R0, which in turn give rise to robust spatiotemporal patterns in the spread of disease. To generalize our results, we ran simulations in hypothetical cities with the same population, area, schools and businesses as GDL but different land use zoning. Our results demonstrate that the agglomeration of daily activities can largely influence the growth rate, size and timing of urban epidemics. Overall, these findings support the view that cities can be redesigned to limit the geographic scope of influenza-like outbreaks and provide a general mathematical framework to study the mechanisms by which local and remote health consequences result from characteristics of the physical environment.

Author summaryEnvironmental, social and economic factors give rise to health inequalities among the inhabitants of a city, prompting researchers to propose smart urban planning as a tool for public health. Here, we present a mathematical framework that relates the spatial distributions of schools and economic activities to the spatiotemporal spread of influenza-like outbreaks. First, we calibrated our model using city-wide data for Guadalajara (GDL, Western Mexico) and found that a persons place of residence can largely influence their role and vulnerability during an epidemic. In particular, the higher contact rates of people living near major activity hubs can give rise to predictable patterns in the spread of disease. To test the universality of our findings, we redesigned GDL by redistributing houses, schools and businesses across the city and ran simulations in the resulting geographies. Our results suggest that, through its impact on the agglomeration of economic activities, urban planning may be optimized to inhibit epidemic growth. By predicting health inequalities at the neighborhood-level, our methodology may help design public health strategies that optimize resources and target those who are most vulnerable. Moreover, it provides a mathematical framework for the design and analysis of experiments in urban health research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brizuela, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Chan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez Pulido, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding the role of urban design in disease spreading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Making the MOSTest of imaging genetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regional brain morphology has a complex genetic architecture, consisting of many common polymorphisms with small individual effects, which has proven challenging for genome-wide association studies to date, despite its high heritability1,2. Given the distributed nature of the genetic signal across brain regions, joint analysis of regional morphology measures in a multivariate statistical framework provides a way to enhance discovery of genetic variants with current sample sizes. While several multivariate approaches to GWAS have been put forward over the past years3-5, none are optimally suited for complex, large-scale data. Here, we applied the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), with an efficient computational design enabling rapid and reliable permutation-based inference, to 171 subcortical and cortical brain morphology measures from 26,502 participants of the UK Biobank (mean age 55.5 years, 52.0% female). At the conventional genome-wide significance threshold of =5x10-8, MOSTest identifies 347 genetic loci associated with regional brain morphology, more than any previous study, improving upon the discovery of established GWAS approaches more than threefold. Our findings implicate more than 5% of all protein-coding genes and provide evidence for gene sets involved in neuron development and differentiation. As such, MOSTest, which we have made publicly available, enhances our understanding of the genetic determinants of regional brain morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlye, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/767905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Making the MOSTest of imaging genetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Pairwise Distance Distribution Correction (DDC) algorithm for blinking-free super-resolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In single-molecule localization based super-resolution microscopy (SMLM), a fluorophore stochastically switches between fluorescent- and dark-states, leading to intermittent emission of fluorescence, a phenomenon known as blinking. Intermittent emissions create multiple localizations belonging to the same molecule, resulting in blinking-artifacts within SMLM images. These artifacts are often interpreted as true biological assemblies, confounding quantitative analyses and interpretations. Multiple methods have been developed to eliminate these artifacts, but they either require additional experiments, arbitrary thresholds, or specific photo-kinetic models. Here we present a method, termed Distance Distribution Correction (DDC), to eliminate blinking-caused repeat localizations without any additional calibrations. The approach relies on the finding that the true pairwise distance distribution of different fluorophores in an SMLM image can be naturally obtained from the imaging sequence by using distances between localizations separated by a time much longer than the average fluorescence survival time. We show that using the true pairwise distribution we can define and then maximize the likelihood of obtaining a particular set of localizations void of blinking-artifacts, generating an accurate reconstruction of the underlying cellular structure. Using both simulated and experimental data, we show that DDC surpasses all previous existing blinking-artifact correction methodologies, resulting in drastic improvements in obtaining the closest estimate of the true spatial organization and number of fluorescent emitters in a wide range of applications. The simplicity and robustness of DDC will allow it to become the field standard in SMLM imaging, enabling the most accurate reconstruction and quantification of SMLM images to date.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bohrer, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcquillen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/768051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Pairwise Distance Distribution Correction (DDC) algorithm for blinking-free super-resolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reliability of Mismatch Negativity Event-Related Potentials in a Multisite, Traveling Subjects Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/768408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveMismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential (ERP) used to study schizophrenia and psychosis risk. MMN reliability from a multisite, traveling subjects study was compared using different ERP referencing, averaging, and scoring techniques.nnMethodsReliability of frequency, duration, and double (frequency+duration) MMN was determined from eight traveling subjects, tested on two occasions at eight EEG laboratory sites. Deviant-specific variance components were estimated for MMN peak amplitude and latency measures using different ERP processing methods. Generalizability (G) coefficients were calculated using two-facet (site, occasion), fully-crossed models and single-facet (occasion) models within each laboratory to assess MMN reliability.nnResultsG-coefficients calculated from two-facet models indicated fair (0.4<G<=0.6) duration MMN reliability at electrode Fz, but poor (G<0.4) double and frequency MMN reliability. Single-facet G-coefficients averaged across laboratory resulted in improved reliability (G>0.5). Reliability of MMN amplitude was greater than latency, and reliability with mastoid referencing significantly outperformed nose-referencing.nnConclusionsEEG preprocessing methods have a significant impact on the reliability of MMN amplitude. Within site MMN reliability can be excellent, consistent with prior single site studies.nnSignificanceWith standardized data collection and ERP processing, MMN can be reliably obtained in multisite studies, providing larger samples sizes within rare patient groups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roach, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrion, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannesen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Light, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niznikiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Addington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bearden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadenhead, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornblatt, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlashan, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidman, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/768408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reliability of Mismatch Negativity Event-Related Potentials in a Multisite, Traveling Subjects Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/772103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
centroFlye: Assembling Centromeres with Long Error-Prone Reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/772103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although variations in centromeres have been linked to cancer and infertility, centromeres still represent the "dark matter of the human genome" and remain an enigma for both biomedical and evolutionary studies. Since centromeres have withstood all previous attempts to develop an automated tool for their assembly and since their assembly using short reads is viewed as intractable, recent efforts attempted to manually assemble centromeres using long error-prone reads. We describe the centroFlye algorithm for centromere assembly using long error-prone reads, apply it for assembling the human X centromere, and use the constructed assembly to gain insights into centromere evolution. Our analysis reveals putative breakpoints in the previous manual reconstruction of the human X centromere and opens a possibility to automatically close the remaining multi-megabase gaps in the reference human genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/772103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[centroFlye: Assembling Centromeres with Long Error-Prone Reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/772202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Annotation-Informed Causal Mixture Modeling (AI-MiXeR) reveals phenotype-specific differences in polygenicity and effect size distribution across functional annotation categories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/772202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Determining the contribution of functional genetic categories is fundamental to understanding the genetic etiology of complex human traits and diseases. Here we present Annotation Informed MiXeR: a likelihood-based method to estimate the number of variants influencing a phenotype and their effect sizes across different functional annotation categories of the genome using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. Applying the model to 11 complex phenotypes suggests diverse patterns of functional category-specific genetic architectures across human diseases and traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O`Connell, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahrami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uggen, T. K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/772202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Annotation-Informed Causal Mixture Modeling (AI-MiXeR) reveals phenotype-specific differences in polygenicity and effect size distribution across functional annotation categories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secondary Motor Cortex Transforms Spatial Information into Planned Action During Navigation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluid navigation requires constant updating of planned movements to adapt to evolving obstacles and goals. A neural substrate for navigation demands spatial and environmental information and the ability to effect actions through efferents. Secondary motor cortex is a prime candidate for this role given its interconnectivity with association cortices that encode spatial relationships and its projection to primary motor cortex. Here we report that secondary motor cortex neurons robustly encode both planned and current left/right turning actions across multiple turn locations in a multi-route navigational task. Comparisons within a common statistical framework reveal that secondary motor cortex neurons differentiate contextual factors including environmental position, route, action sequence, orientation, and choice availability. Despite significant modulation by context, action planning and execution are the dominant output signals of secondary motor cortex neurons. These results identify secondary motor cortex as a structure integrating environmental context toward the updating of planned movements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/776765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secondary Motor Cortex Transforms Spatial Information into Planned Action During Navigation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type-specific enhancer-promoter connectivity maps in the human brain and disease risk association 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unique cell type-specific patterns of activated enhancers can be leveraged to interpret non-coding genetic variation associated with complex traits and diseases such as neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we have defined active promoters and enhancers for major cell types of the human brain. Whereas psychiatric disorders were primarily associated with regulatory regions in neurons, idiopathic Alzheimers disease (AD) variants were largely confined to microglia enhancers. Interactome maps connecting GWAS variants in cell type-specific enhancers to gene promoters revealed an extended microglia gene network in AD. Deletion of a microglia-specific enhancer harboring AD-risk variants ablated BIN1 expression in microglia but not in neurons or astrocytes. These findings revise and expand the genes likely to be influenced by non-coding variants in AD and suggest the probable brain cell types in which they function.nnOne Sentence SummaryIdentification of cell type-specific regulatory elements in the human brain enables interpretation of non-coding GWAS risk variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtman, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coufal, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keuelen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasillas, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosselin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonda, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/778183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type-specific enhancer-promoter connectivity maps in the human brain and disease risk association]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P<5.0x10-8), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate <0.05). Five loci showed associations (P<0.05) in opposite directions between luminal- and non-luminal subtypes. In-silico analyses showed these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 37.6% for triple-negative and 54.2% for luminal A-like disease. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahearn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecarpentier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Mara, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolla, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunning, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu Ful, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aittomaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrulis, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton-Culver, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronson, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arun, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azzollini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrowdale, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckmann, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermisheva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bialkowska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomqvist, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanova, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojesen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonanni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondavalli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briceno, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broeks, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brucker, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruning, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burwinkel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buys, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/778605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pangenome Analysis of Enterobacteria Reveals Richness of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters and their Associated Gene Sets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growing number of sequenced genomes enables the study of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) in phyla beyond well-studied soil bacteria. We mined 2627 enterobacterial genomes to detect 8604 BGCs, including nonribosomal peptide synthetases, siderophores, polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrids, and 60 other BGC types, with an average of around 3.3 BGCs per genome. These BGCs represented 212 distinct BGC families, of which only 20 have associated products in the MIBiG standard database with functions such as siderophores, antibiotics, and genotoxins. Pangenome analysis identified genes associated with a specific BGC encoding for colon cancer-related colibactin. In one example, we associated genes involved in the type VI secretion system with the presence of a colibactin BGC in Escherichia. This richness of BGCs in enterobacteria opens up the possibility to discover novel secondary metabolites, their physiological roles and provides a guide to identify and understand PKS associated gene sets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohite, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pangenome Analysis of Enterobacteria Reveals Richness of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters and their Associated Gene Sets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic assessment of regulatory effects of human disease variants in pluripotent cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying regulatory genetic effects in pluripotent cells provides important insights into disease variants with potentially transient or developmental origins. Combining existing and newly-generated data, we characterized 1,367 iPSC lines from 948 unique donors, collectively analyzed within the "Integrated iPSC QTL" (i2QTL) Consortium. The sample size of our study allowed us to derive the most comprehensive map of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in pluripotent human cells to date. We mapped the effects of nearby common genetic variants on five expression phenotypes, identifying cis-QTL at gene-, exon-level and transcript-, splicing-, alternative polyadenylation-ratio (APA) for a total of 18,556 genes. For gene-level, we further quantified the effects of rare and singleton variants, and the effect of distal variants that act in trans (trans-eQTL), which we replicated in independent samples. Our data are a valuable community resource, uncovering novel regulatory effects that have not previously been described in differentiated cells and tissues. Building on this regulatory map, we functionally explore GWAS signals for over 4,336 trait loci, finding evidence for colocalization with common and rare iPSC QTL for traits such as height and BMI, and diseases, such as cancer and coronary artery disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smail, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloudemans, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fresard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakubosky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraro, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carcamo-Orive, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirauta, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaton, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HipSci Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSCORE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GENESiPS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PhLiPS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegle, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/784967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic assessment of regulatory effects of human disease variants in pluripotent cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/787358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiac function modulates endocardial cell dynamics to shape the cardiac outflow tract 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/787358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical forces are important participants in the cellular dynamics that shape developing organs. During heart formation, for example, contractility and blood flow generate biomechanical cues that influence patterns of cell behavior. Here, we address the interplay between function and form during the assembly of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), a crucial connection between the heart and vasculature that develops while circulation is underway. In zebrafish, we find that the OFT expands via accrual of both endocardial and myocardial cells. However, when cardiac function is disrupted, OFT endocardial growth ceases, accompanied by reduced proliferation and reduced addition of cells from adjacent vessels. The TGF{beta} receptor Acvrl1 is required for addition of endocardial cells, but not for their proliferation, indicating distinct regulation of these essential cell behaviors. Together, our results suggest that cardiac function modulates OFT morphogenesis by triggering endocardial cell accumulation that induces OFT lumen expansion and shapes OFT dimensions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sidhwani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boezio, G. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stainier, D. Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/787358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiac function modulates endocardial cell dynamics to shape the cardiac outflow tract]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
c-di-AMP hydrolysis by a novel type of phosphodiesterase promotes differentiation of multicellular bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic-producing Streptomyces use the diadenylate cyclase DisA to synthesize the nucleotide second messenger c-di-AMP but the mechanism for terminating c-di-AMP signaling and the proteins that bind the molecule to effect signal transduction are unknown. Here, we identify the AtaC protein as a new type of c-di-AMP-specific phosphodiesterase that is also conserved in pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AtaC is monomeric in solution and binds Mn2+ to specifically hydrolyze c-di-AMP to AMP via the intermediate 5-pApA. As an effector of c-di-AMP signaling, we characterize the RCK-domain protein CpeA as the first c-di-AMP-binding protein to be identified in Streptomyces. CpeA interacts with the predicted cation / proton antiporter, CpeB, linking c-di-AMP signaling to ion homeostasis in actinobacteria. Hydrolysis of c-di-AMP is critical for normal growth and differentiation in Streptomyces, connecting osmotic stress to development. Thus, we present the discovery of two novel components of c-di-AMP signaling in bacteria and show that precise control of this second messenger is essential for osmoregulation and coordinated development in Streptomyces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Latoscha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drexler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Bassam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaever, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findlay, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witte, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tschowri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/789354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[c-di-AMP hydrolysis by a novel type of phosphodiesterase promotes differentiation of multicellular bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolome-informed microbiome analysis refines metadata classifications and reveals unexpected medication transfer in captive cheetahs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structured AbstractEven high-quality collection and reporting of study metadata in microbiome studies can lead to various forms of inadvertently missing or mischaracterized information that can alter the interpretation or outcome of the studies, especially with non-model organisms. Metabolomic profiling of fecal microbiome samples can provide empirical insight into unanticipated confounding factors that are not possible to obtain even from detailed care records. We illustrate this point using data from cheetahs from the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. The metabolomic characterization indicated that one cheetah had to be moved from the non-antibiotic-exposed to the antibiotic-exposed group. The detection of the antibiotic in this second cheetah was likely due to grooming interactions with the cheetah that was administered antibiotics. Similarly, because transit time for stool is variable, early fecal samples within the first few days of antibiotic prescription do not all contain detectable antibiotics. Therefore, the microbiome is not affected by the antibiotics at those time points. These insights significantly altered the way the samples were grouped for analysis (antibiotic vs no antibiotic), and the subsequent understanding of the effect of the antibiotics on the cheetah microbiome. Metabolomics also revealed information about numerous other medications, and provided unexpected dietary insights that in turn improved our understanding of the molecular patterns on the impact on the community microbial structure. These results suggest that untargeted metabolomics data provide empirical evidence to correct records of non-model organisms in captivity, although we also expect these methods will be appropriate for experimental conditions typical in human studies.nnImportanceMetabolome-informed analyses can enhance  omics studies by enabling the correct partitioning of samples by identifying hidden confounders inadvertently misrepresented or omitted from carefully curated metadata. We demonstrate the utility of metabolomics in a study characterizing the microbiome associated with liver disease in cheetahs. Metabolome-informed reinterpretation of metagenome and metabolome profiles factored in an unexpected transfer of antibiotics preventing misinterpretation of the data. Our work suggests that untargeted metabolomics can be used to verify, augment, and correct sample metadata to support improved grouping of sample data for microbiome analyses, here for non-model organisms in captivity. However, the techniques also suggest a path forward for correcting clinical information in human studies to enable higher-precision analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaffney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parampil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidgett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/790063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolome-informed microbiome analysis refines metadata classifications and reveals unexpected medication transfer in captive cheetahs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/791731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional dynamics of fractal dimension of the LV endocardium from cine CT images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/791731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a method to leverage the high fidelity of CT to quantify regional left ventricular function using topography variation of the endocardium as a surrogate measure of strain. 4DCT images of 10 normal and 10 abnormal subjects, acquired with standard clinical protocols, were used. The topography of the endocardium was characterized by its regional values of fractal dimension (FD), computed using a box-counting algorithm developed in-house. The average FD in each of the 16 American Heart Association segments was calculated for each subject as a function of time over the cardiac cycle. The normal subjects showed a peak systolic percentage change in FD of 5.9% {+/-} 2% in all free-wall segments, while the abnormal cohort experienced a change of 2% {+/-} 1.2% (p < 0.00001). Septal segments, being smooth, did not undergo large changes in FD. Additionally, a principal component analysis was performed on the temporal profiles of FD to highlight the possibility for unsupervised classification of normal and abnormal function. The method developed is free from manual contouring and does not require any feature tracking or registration algorithms. The FD values in the free wall segments correlated well with radial strain and with endocardial regional shortening measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manohar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colvert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigneault, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contijoch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/791731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional dynamics of fractal dimension of the LV endocardium from cine CT images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SAMPL6 SAMPLing challenge: Assessing the reliability and efficiency of binding free energy calculations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Approaches for computing small molecule binding free energies based on molecular simulations are now regularly being employed by academic and industry practitioners to study receptor-ligand systems and prioritize the synthesis of small molecules for ligand design. Given the variety of methods and implementations available, it is natural to ask how the convergence rates and final predictions of these methods compare. In this study, we describe the concept and results for the SAMPL6 SAMPLing challenge, the first challenge from the SAMPL series focusing on the assessment of convergence properties and reproducibility of binding free energy methodologies. We provided parameter files, partial charges, and multiple initial geometries for two octa-acid (OA) and one cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) host-guest systems. Participants submitted binding free energy predictions as a function of the number of force and energy evaluations for seven different alchemical and physical-pathway (i.e., potential of mean force and weighted ensemble of trajectories) methodologies implemented with the GROMACS, AMBER, NAMD, or OpenMM simulation engines. To rank the methods, we developed an efficiency statistic based on bias and variance of the free energy estimates. For the two small OA binders, the free energy estimates computed with alchemical and potential of mean force approaches show relatively similar variance and bias as a function of the number of energy/force evaluations, with the attach-pull-release (APR), GROMACS expanded ensemble, and NAMD double decoupling submissions obtaining the greatest efficiency. The differences between the methods increase when analyzing the CB8-quinine system, where both the guest size and correlation times for system dynamics are greater. For this system, nonequilibrium switching (GROMACS/NS-DS/SB) obtained the overall highest efficiency. Surprisingly, the results suggest that specifying force field parameters and partial charges is insufficient to generally ensure reproducibility, and we observe differences between seemingly converged predictions ranging approximately from 0.3 to 1.0 kcal/mol, even with almost identical simulations parameters and system setup (e.g., Lennard-Jones cutoff, ionic composition). Further work will be required to completely identify the exact source of these discrepancies. Among the conclusions emerging from the data, we found that Hamiltonian replica exchange--while displaying very small variance--can be affected by a slowly-decaying bias that depends on the initial population of the replicas, that bidirectional estimators are significantly more efficient than unidirectional estimators for nonequilibrium free energy calculations for systems considered, and that the Berendsen barostat introduces non-negligible artifacts in expanded ensemble simulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slochower, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldeghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gapsys, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntekoumes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosisio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadourakis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriksen, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Groot, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cournia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirts, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chodera, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/795005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SAMPL6 SAMPLing challenge: Assessing the reliability and efficiency of binding free energy calculations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The debate about electronic cigarettes has divided healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities. Central points of disagreement are whether vaping electronic cigarettes are addictive and whether they produce major pulmonary complications. We developed a novel model of nicotine vapor self-administration in rats and found that rats voluntarily exposed themselves to nicotine vapor to the point of reaching blood nicotine levels that are similar to humans, exhibiting both addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities. The smoking cessation drug varenicline decreased electronic cigarette self-administration. These findings confirm the addictive properties and harmful effects of nicotine vapor and identify a potential medication for the treatment of electronic cigarette addiction.nnOne Sentence SummaryVaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces cardiopulmonary abnormalities, nicotine dependence and addiction-like behaviors, which are reduced by the smoking cessation drug varenicline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velarde, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedighim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klodnicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vaping nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes produces addiction-like behaviors and cardiopulmonary abnormalities in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The maize heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit controls shoot meristem development and immune responses. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterotrimeric G-proteins are important transducers of receptor signaling, functioning in plants with CLAVATA receptors in control of shoot meristem size, and with pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors in basal immunity. However, whether specific members of the heterotrimeric complex potentiate crosstalk between development and defense, and the extent to which these functions are conserved across species, has not been addressed. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the maize G{beta} subunit gene, and found that the mutants were lethal, differing from Arabidopsis, where homologous mutants have normal growth and fertility. We show that lethality is not caused by a specific developmental arrest, but by autoimmunity. We used a genetic diversity screen to suppress the lethal g{beta} phenotype, and also identified a new maize G{beta} allele with weak autoimmune responses but strong development phenotypes. Using these tools, we show that G{beta} controls meristem size in maize, acting epistatically with G, suggesting that G{beta} and G function in a common signaling complex. Furthermore, we used an association study to show that natural variation in G{beta} influences maize kernel row number, an important agronomic trait. Our results demonstrate the dual role of G{beta} in immunity and development in a cereal crop, and suggest that it functions in crosstalk between these competing signaling networks. Therefore, modification of G{beta} has the potential to optimize the tradeoff between growth and defense signaling to improve agronomic production.nnSignificanceCereal crops, such as maize provide our major food and feed. Crop productivity has been significantly improved by selection of favorable architecture and development alleles, however crops are constantly under attack from pathogens, which severely limits yield due to a defense-growth tradeoff. Therefore, it is critical to identify key signaling regulators that control both developmental and immune signaling, to provide basic knowledge to maximize productivity. This work shows that the maize G protein {beta} subunit regulates both meristem development and immune signaling, and suggests that manipulation of this gene has the potential to optimize the tradeoff between yield and disease resistance to improve crop yields.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The maize heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit controls shoot meristem development and immune responses.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effects of modified sialic acids on mucus and erythrocytes on influenza A virus HA and NA functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sialic acids (Sia) are the primary receptors for influenza viruses, and are widely displayed on cell surfaces and in secreted mucus. Sia may be present in variant forms that include O-acetyl modifications at C4, C7, C8, and C9 positions, and N-acetyl or N-glycolyl at C5. They can also vary in their linkages, including 2-3 or 2-6-linkages. Here, we analyzed the distribution of modified Sia in cells and tissues of wild-type mice, or in mice lacking cytidine 5-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) enzyme that synthesizes N-glycolyl modifications (Neu5Gc). We also examined the variation of Sia forms on erythrocytes and saliva from different animals. To determine the effect of Sia modifications on influenza A virus (IAV) infection, we tested for effects on hemagglutinin (HA) binding and neuraminidase (NA) cleavage. We confirmed that 9-O-acetyl, 7,9-O-acetyl, 4-O-acetyl, and Neu5Gc modifications are widely but variably expressed in mouse tissues, with the highest levels detected in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Secreted mucins in saliva and surface proteins of erythrocytes showed a great degree of variability in display of modified Sia between different species. IAV HA from different virus strains showed consistently reduced binding to both Neu5Gc and O-acetyl modified Sia; however, while IAV NA were inhibited by Neu5Gc and O-acetyl modifications, there was significant variability between NA types. The modifications of Sia in mucus may therefore have potent effects on the functions of IAV, and may affect both pathogens and the normal flora of different mucosal sites.nnIMPORTANCESialic acids (Sia) are involved in many different cellular functions and are receptors for many pathogens. Sia come in many chemically modified forms but we lack a clear understanding of how they alter the interactions with microbes. Here we examine the expression of modified Sia in mouse tissues, on secreted mucus in saliva, and on erythrocytes, including those from IAV host species and animals used in IAV research. These Sia forms varied considerably between different animals, and their inhibitory effects on IAV NA and HA activities and on bacterial sialidases (neuraminidases) suggest a host-variable protective role in secreted mucus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barnard, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alford-Lawrence, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchholz, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasik, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaClair, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honce, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruhl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pajic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherity, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz-Cherry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrish, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/800300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effects of modified sialic acids on mucus and erythrocytes on influenza A virus HA and NA functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/804401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protocol for Community-created Public MS/MS Reference Library Within the GNPS Infrastructure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/804401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleA major hurdle in identifying chemicals in mass spectrometry experiments is the availability of MS/MS reference spectra in public databases. Currently, scientists purchase databases or use public databases such as GNPS. The MSMS-Chooser workflow empowers the creation of MS/MS reference spectra directly in the GNPS infrastructure.nnMethodsAn MSMS-Chooser sample template was completed with the required information and sequence tables were generated programmatically. Standards in methanol-water (1:1) solution (1 M) were placed into wells individually. An LC-MS/MS system using data-dependent acquisition in positive and negative modes was used. Species that may be generated under typical ESI conditions are chosen. The MS/MS spectra and MSMS-Chooser sample template were subsequently uploaded to MSMS-Chooser in GNPS for automatic MS/MS spectral annotation.nnResultsData acquisition quickly and effectively collected MS/MS spectra. MSMS-Chooser was able to accurately annotate 99.2% of the manually validated MS/MS scans that were generated from the chemical standards. The output of MSMS-Chooser includes a table ready for inclusion in the GNPS library (after inspection) as well as the ability to directly launch searches via MASST. Altogether, the data acquisition, processing, and upload to GNPS took ~2 hours for our proof-of-concept results.nnConclusionsThe MSMS-Chooser workflow enables the rapid data acquisition, analysis, and annotation of chemical standards, and uploads the MS/MS spectra to community-driven GNPS. MSMS-Chooser democratizes the creation of MS/MS reference spectra in GNPS which will improve annotation and strengthen the tools which use the annotation information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikora, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/804401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protocol for Community-created Public MS/MS Reference Library Within the GNPS Infrastructure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/805846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple mass-action model predicts protein timecourses from mRNA trajectories during a dynamic response in two strains of S. cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/805846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although mRNA is a necessary precursor to protein, several studies have argued that the relationship between mRNA and protein levels is often weak. This claim undermines the functional relevance of conclusions based on quantitative analyses of mRNA levels, which are ubiquitous in modern biology from the single gene to the whole genome scale. Furthermore, if post-translational processes vary between strains and species, then comparative studies based on mRNA alone would miss an important driver of diversity. However, gene expression is dynamic, and most studies examining relationship between mRNA and protein levels at the genome scale have analyzed single timepoints. We measure yeast gene expression after pheromone exposure and show that, for most genes, protein timecourses can be predicted from mRNA timecourses through a simple, gene-specific, generative model. By comparing model parameters and predictions between strains, we find that while mRNA variation often leads to protein differences, evolution also manipulates protein-specific processes to amplify or buffer transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egertson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrihew, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacCoss, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/805846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple mass-action model predicts protein timecourses from mRNA trajectories during a dynamic response in two strains of S. cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/807008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles of RNA processing from analysis of enhanced CLIP maps for 150 RNA binding proteins. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/807008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A critical step in uncovering rules of RNA processing is to study the in vivo regulatory networks of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods enabled mapping RBP targets transcriptome-wide, but methodological differences present challenges to large-scale integrated analysis across datasets. The development of enhanced CLIP (eCLIP) enabled the large-scale mapping of targets for 150 RBPs in K562 and HepG2, creating a unique resource of RBP interactomes profiled with a standardized methodology in the same cell types. Here we describe our analysis of 223 enhanced (eCLIP) datasets characterizing 150 RBPs in K562 and HepG2 cell lines, revealing a range of binding modalities, including highly resolved positioning around splicing signals and mRNA untranslated regions that associate with distinct RBP functions. Quantification of enrichment for repetitive and abundant multi-copy elements reveals 70% of RBPs have enrichment for non-mRNA element classes, enables identification of novel ribosomal RNA processing factors and sites and suggests that association with retrotransposable elements reflects multiple RBP mechanisms of action. Analysis of spliceosomal RBPs indicates that eCLIP resolves AQR association after intronic lariat formation (enabling identification of branch points with single-nucleotide resolution) and provides genome-wide validation for a branch point-based scanning model for 3 splice site recognition. Further, we show that eCLIP peak co-occurrences across RBPs enables the discovery of novel co-interacting RBPs. Finally, we present a protocol for visualization of RBP:RNA complexes in the eCLIP workflow using biotin and standard chemiluminescent visualization reagents, enabling simplified confirmation of ribonucleoprotein enrichment without radioactivity. This work illustrates the value of integrated analysis across eCLIP profiling of RBPs with widely distinct functions to reveal novel RNA biology. Further, our quantification of both mRNA and other element association will enable further research to identify novel roles of RBPs in regulating RNA processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelboin-Burkhart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundararaman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graveley, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/807008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles of RNA processing from analysis of enhanced CLIP maps for 150 RNA binding proteins.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Upon microbial challenge human neutrophils undergo rapid changes in nuclear architecture to orchestrate an immediate inflammatory gene program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Differentiating neutrophils undergo large-scale changes in nuclear morphology. How such alterations in structure are established and modulated upon exposure to microbial agents is largely unknown. Here, we found that prior to encounter with bacteria, an armamentarium of inflammatory genes was positioned in a transcriptionally passive environment suppressing premature transcriptional activation. Upon microbial exposure, however, human neutrophils rapidly (<3 hours) repositioned the ensemble of pro-inflammatory genes towards the transcriptionally permissive compartment. We show that the repositioning of genes was closely associated with the swift recruitment of cohesin across the inflammatory enhancer landscape permitting an immediate transcriptional response upon bacterial exposure. These data reveal at the mechanistic level how upon microbial challenge human neutrophils undergo rapid changes in nuclear architecture to orchestrate an immediate inflammatory gene program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Denholtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doehrmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isoda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Upon microbial challenge human neutrophils undergo rapid changes in nuclear architecture to orchestrate an immediate inflammatory gene program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/809582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Brain Imaging Studies Offer Clues about the Effects of the Shared Genetic Etiology among Neuropsychiatric Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/809582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenomewide association studies have found significant genetic correlations among many neuropsychiatric disorders. In contrast, we know much less about the degree to which structural brain alterations are similar among disorders and, if so, the degree to which such similarities have a genetic etiology.

MethodsFrom the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium, we acquired standardized mean differences (SMDs) in regional brain volume and cortical thickness between cases and controls. We had data on 41 brain regions for: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), epilepsy, major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). These data had been derived from 24,360 patients and 37,425 controls.

ResultsThe SMDs were significantly correlated between SCZ and BD, OCD, MDD, and ASD. MDD was positively correlated with BD and OCD. BD was positively correlated with OCD and negatively correlated with ADHD. These pairwise correlations among disorders were correlated with the corresponding pairwise correlations among disorders derived from genomewide association studies (r = 0.49).

ConclusionsOur results show substantial similarities in sMRI phenotypes among neuropsychiatric disorders and suggest that these similarities are accounted for, in part, by corresponding similarities in common genetic variant architectures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radonjic, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmaal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sisodiya, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Erp, T. G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraone, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/809582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Brain Imaging Studies Offer Clues about the Effects of the Shared Genetic Etiology among Neuropsychiatric Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The γH2AX Peak in the S Phase After UV Irradiation Corresponds to the sites of DNA Replication and not DNA Damage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental mutagen. Exposure to UV leads to a sharp peak of γH2AX – the phosphorylated form of a histone variant H2AX – in the S phase within an asynchronous population of cells. γH2AX is often considered as a definitive marker of DNA damage inside a cell. In this report we show that γH2AX in the S phase cells after UV irradiation does not report on the extent of primary DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or on the extent of its secondary manifestations as DNA double strand breaks or in the inhibition of global transcription. Instead γH2AX in the S phase corresponds to the sites of active replication at the time of UV irradiation – despite which, the cells complete the replication of their genomes and arrest within the G2 phase. Moreover, cells in all the phases of the cell cycle develop similar levels of DNA damage. Our study suggests that it is not DNA damage but the response elicited, which peaks in the S phase upon UV damage.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhuppar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/810689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The γH2AX Peak in the S Phase After UV Irradiation Corresponds to the sites of DNA Replication and not DNA Damage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/813915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The polyvertex score (PVS): a whole-brain phenotypic prediction framework for neuroimaging studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/813915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The traditional brain mapping approach has greatly advanced our understanding of the localized effect of the brain on behavior. However, the statistically significant brain regions identified by standard mass univariate models only explain minimal variance in behavior despite increased sample sizes and statistical power. This is potentially due to the generalizable explanatory signal in the brain being non-sparse, therefore not captured by the thresholded, localized model. Here we introduced the Bayesian polyvertex score (PVS-B), a whole-brain prediction framework that aggregates the effect sizes across all vertices to predict individual variability in behavior. The PVS-B estimates the posterior mean effect size at each vertex with mass univariate summary statistics and the correlation structure of the imaging phenotype, and weights the imaging phenotype of participants from an independent sample with these posterior mean effect sizes to estimate the generalizable effect of a brain-behavior association. Empirical data showed that the PVS-B was able to double the variance explained in general cognitive ability by an n-back fMRI contrast when compared to prediction models based on the mass univariate parameter estimates as well as models in which only vertices thresholded based on p-value were included. A fivefold improvement in variance explained by the PVS-B was observed using a stop signal task fMRI contrast to predict individual variability in the stop signal reaction time. We believe that the PVS-B can shed light on the multivariate investigation of brain-behavioral associations and will empower small scale neuroimaging studies with more reliable and accurate effect size estimates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/813915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The polyvertex score (PVS): a whole-brain phenotypic prediction framework for neuroimaging studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/814087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and clinical analyses of psychosis spectrum symptoms in a large multi-ethnic youth cohort reveal significant link with ADHD. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/814087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivePsychotic symptoms are an important feature of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, but are also common in the general population, especially in youth. The genetic etiology of psychosis symptoms in youth remains poorly understood. To characterize genetic risk for psychosis spectrum symptoms (PS), we leverage a community-based multi-ethnic sample of children and adolescents aged 8-22 years, the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 7,225, 20% PS).nnMethodsUsing an elastic net regression model, we aim to classify PS status using polygenic scores (PGS) based on a range of heritable psychiatric and brain-related traits in a multi-PGS model. We also perform univariate PGS associations and evaluate age-specific effects.nnResultsThe multi-PGS analyses do not improve prediction of PS status over univariate models, but reveal that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) PGS is robustly and uniquely associated with PS (OR 1.12 (1.05, 1.18) P = 0.0003). This association is: i) driven by subjects of European ancestry (OR=1.23 (1.14, 1.34), P=4.15x10-7) but is not observed in African American subjects (P=0.65) and ii) independent of phenotypic overlap. We also find a significant interaction with age (P=0.01), with a stronger association in younger children. In an independent sample, we replicate an increased ADHD PGS in 328 youth at clinical high risk for psychosis, compared to 216 unaffected controls (OR 1.06, CI(1.01, 1.11), P= 0.02).nnConclusionsOur findings suggest that PS in youth may reflect a different genetic etiology than psychotic symptoms in adulthood, one more akin to ADHD, and shed light on how genetic risk can be investigated across early disease trajectories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olde Loohuis, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennigen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ori, A. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Addington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadenhead, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornblatt, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlashan, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidman, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshavan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bearden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ophoff, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/814087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and clinical analyses of psychosis spectrum symptoms in a large multi-ethnic youth cohort reveal significant link with ADHD.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determining the association between cortical morphology and cognition in 10,145 children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study using the MOSTest 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals undergo protracted changes in cortical morphology during childhood and adolescence, coinciding with cognitive development. Studies quantifying the association between brain structure and cognition do not always assess regional cortical morphology relative to global brain measures and typically rely on mass univariate statistics or ROI-based analyses. After controlling for global brain measures, it is possible to detect a residual regionalisation pattern indicating the size or thickness of different regions relative to the total cortical surface area or mean thickness. Individual variability in regionalisation may be important for understanding and predicting between subject variability in cognitive performance. Here we sought to determine whether the relative configuration of cortical architecture across the whole cortex was associated with cognition using a novel multivariate omnibus statistical test (MOSTest) in 10,145 children aged 9-10 years from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. MOSTest is better powered to detect associations that are widely distributed across the cortex compared to methods that assume sparse associations. We then quantified the magnitude of the association between vertex-wise cortical morphology and cognitive performance using a linear weighted sum across vertices, based on the estimated vertex-wise effect sizes. We show that the relative pattern of cortical architecture, after removing the effects of global brain measures, predicted unique variance associated with cognition across different imaging modalities and cognitive domains.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis paper demonstrates a significant advance in our understanding of the relationship between cortical morphology and individual variability in cognition. There is increasing evidence that brain-behaviour associations are distributed across the cortex. Using the unprecedented sample from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and a novel application of a multivariate statistical approach (MOSTest), we have discovered specific distributed regionalization patterns across the cortex associated with cognition across multiple cognitive domains. This furthers our understanding of the relationship between brain structure and cognition, namely that these associations are not sparse and localized as assumed with traditional neuroimaging analyses. This multivariate method is extremely versatile and can be used in several different applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/816025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determining the association between cortical morphology and cognition in 10,145 children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study using the MOSTest]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The circadian clock and darkness control natural competence in cyanobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural genetic competence-based transformation contributed to the evolution of prokaryotes, including the cyanobacterial phylum that established oxygenic photosynthesis. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus is noted both as a model system for analyzing a prokaryotic circadian clock and for its facile, but poorly understood, natural competence. Here a genome-wide screen aimed at determining the genetic basis of competence in cyanobacteria identified all genes required for natural transformation in S. elongatus, including conserved Type IV pilus, competence-associated, and newly described genes, and revealed that the circadian clock controls the process. The findings uncover a daily program that determines the state of competence in S. elongatus and adapts to seasonal changes of day-length. Pilus biogenesis occurs daily in the morning, but competence is maximal upon the coincidence of circadian dusk and the onset of darkness. As in heterotrophic bacteria, where natural competence is conditionally regulated by nutritional or other stress, cyanobacterial competence is conditional and is tied to the daily cycle set by the cells most critical nutritional source, the Sun.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erikson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/822627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The circadian clock and darkness control natural competence in cyanobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-terminal domain Increases Activation of Elephant Shark Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/822718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Orthologs of human glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) first appear in cartilaginous fishes. Subsequently, the MR and GR diverged to respond to different steroids: the MR to aldosterone and the GR to cortisol and corticosterone. We report that cortisol, corticosterone and aldosterone activate full-length elephant shark GR, and progesterone, which activates elephant shark MR, does not activate elephant shark GR. However, progesterone inhibits steroid binding to elephant shark GR, but not to human GR. Together, this indicates partial functional divergence of elephant shark GR from the MR. Deletion of the N-terminal domain (NTD) from elephant shark GR (truncated GR) reduced the response to corticosteroids, while truncated and full-length elephant shark MR had similar responses to corticosteroids. Swapping of NTDs of elephant shark GR and MR yielded an elephant shark MR chimera with full-length GR-like increased activation by corticosteroids and progesterone compared to full-length elephant shark MR. Elephant shark MR NTD fused to GR DBD+LBD had similar activation as full-length MR, indicating that the MR NTD lacked GR-like NTD activity. We propose that NTD activation of human GR evolved early in GR divergence from the MR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shariful, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urushitani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/822718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-terminal domain Increases Activation of Elephant Shark Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/823096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STRIPAK directs PP2A activity toward MAP4K4 to promote oncogenic transformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/823096v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alterations involving serine-threonine phosphatase PP2A subunits occur in a range of human cancers and partial loss of PP2A function contributes to cell transformation. Displacement of regulatory B subunits by the SV40 Small T antigen (ST) or mutation/deletion of PP2A subunits alters the abundance and types of PP2A complexes in cells, leading to transformation. Here we show that ST not only displaces common PP2A B subunits but also promotes A-C subunit interactions with alternative B subunits (B, striatins) that are components of the Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex. We found that STRN4, a member of STRIPAK, is associated with ST and is required for ST-PP2A-induced cell transformation. ST recruitment of STRIPAK facilitates PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of MAP4K4 and induces cell transformation through the activation of the Hippo pathway effector YAP1. These observations identify an unanticipated role of MAP4K4 in transformation and show that the STRIPAK complex regulates PP2A specificity and activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hahn, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrios, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schade, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelmant, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeerna, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damato, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iniguez, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegmaier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gjoerup, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marto, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCaprio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/823096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STRIPAK directs PP2A activity toward MAP4K4 to promote oncogenic transformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Native Electrospray-based Metabolomics Enables the Detection of Metal-binding Compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metals are essential for the molecular machineries of life, and microbes have evolved a variety of small molecules to acquire, compete for, and utilize metals. Systematic methods for the discovery of metal-small molecule complexes from biological samples are limited. Here we describe a two-step native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method, in which double-barrel post-column metal-infusion and pH adjustment is combined with ion identity molecular networking, a rule-based informatics workflow. This method can be used to identify metal-binding compounds in complex samples based on defined mass (m/z) offsets of ion features with the same chromatographic profiles. As this native metal metabolomics approach can be easily implemented on any liquid chromatography-based mass spectrometry system, this method has the potential to become a key strategy for elucidating and understanding the role of metal-binding molecules in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buttel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antelo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saak, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malarney, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thines, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/824888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Native Electrospray-based Metabolomics Enables the Detection of Metal-binding Compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the impact of contaminants on the accuracy of genome skimming and the effectiveness of exclusion read filters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to detect the identity of a sample obtained from its environment is a cornerstone of molecular ecological research. Thanks to the falling price of shotgun sequencing, genome skimming, the acquisition of short reads spread across the genome at low coverage, is emerging as an alternative to traditional barcoding. By obtaining far more data across the whole genome, skimming has the promise to increase the precision of sample identification beyond traditional barcoding while keeping the costs manageable. While methods for assembly-free sample identification based on genome skims are now available, little is known about how these methods react to the presence of DNA from organisms other than the target species. In this paper, we show that the accuracy of distances computed between a pair of genome skims based on k-mer similarity can degrade dramatically if the skims include contaminant reads; i.e., any reads originating from other organisms. We establish a theoretical model of the impact of contamination. We then suggest and evaluate a solution to the contamination problem: Query reads in a genome skim against an extensive database of possible contaminants (e.g., all microbial organisms) and filter out any read that matches. We evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy when implemented using Kraken-II, in detailed analyses. Our results show substantial improvements in accuracy as a result of filtering but also point to limitations, including a need for relatively close matches in the contaminant database.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rachtman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/831941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the impact of contaminants on the accuracy of genome skimming and the effectiveness of exclusion read filters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving intrinsic ambiguities of the fMRI signal in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is a standard tool in human neuroscience studies. However, the BOLD signal is physiologically complex, depending on the baseline state of the brain and the balance of changes in blood flow and oxygen metabolism in response to a change in neural activity. Interpretation of the magnitude of the BOLD response is thus problematic; specifically, group differences of the BOLD response to a standard task or stimulus, or a change after administration of a drug, could be due to a change in the neural response, neurovascular coupling, or the baseline state. While changes in oxygen metabolism can serve as a biomarker of neural activity change, reflecting the energy cost of activity, oxygen metabolism cannot be estimated from BOLD measurements alone. Here we used the effects of caffeine as a test case to show that a suite of additional noninvasive measurements, requiring no manipulation of inhaled gases, makes it possible to untangle the underlying effects of caffeine on blood flow and oxygen metabolism. After caffeine administration, the BOLD response to a standard motor task was reduced, but oxygen metabolism was not reduced; rather, caffeine reduced the balance of blood flow relative to oxygen metabolism, both in the baseline state and in response to the task. The MRI methods used required only an additional 12 minutes of scanning, can be implemented on any MRI system, and painted a more complete picture of the physiological effects of caffeine. In addition to the assessment of drug effects in the human brain, these methods make it possible to resolve ambiguities of the BOLD signal in studies of development, aging, and disease. (Duplicated from first paragraph of manuscript)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxton, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving intrinsic ambiguities of the fMRI signal in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline and somatic genetic variants in the p53 pathway interact to affect cancer risk, progression and drug response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insights into oncogenesis derived from cancer susceptibility loci could facilitate better cancer management and treatment through precision oncology. However, therapeutic applications have thus far been limited by our current lack of understanding regarding both their interactions with somatic cancer driver mutations and their influence on tumorigenesis. Here, by integrating germline datasets relating to cancer susceptibility with tumour data capturing somatically-acquired genetic variation, we provide evidence that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor pathway can interact to influence cancer development, progression and treatment response. We go on to provide human genetic evidence of a tumor-promoting role for the pro-survival activities of p53, which supports the development of more effective therapy combinations through their inhibition in cancers retaining wild-type p53.

SignificanceWe describe significant interactions between heritable and somatic genetic variants in the p53 pathway that affect cancer susceptibility, progression and treatment response. Our results offer evidence of how cancer susceptibility SNPs can interact with cancer driver genes to affect cancer progression and identify novel therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitchen-Smith, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stracquadanio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bond, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahgal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nornes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Val, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surakhy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeron-Medina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selfe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shipley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loveday, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grochola, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protheroe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagadala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blagden, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maughan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domingo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turnbull, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bond, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline and somatic genetic variants in the p53 pathway interact to affect cancer risk, progression and drug response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/839258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-Increasing Neuronal Noise and Beta Power in the Developing Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/839258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulating evidence across species indicates that brain oscillations are superimposed upon an aperiodic 1/f - like power spectrum. Maturational changes in neuronal oscillations have not been assessed in tandem with this underlying aperiodic spectrum. The current study uncovers co-maturation of the aperiodic component alongside the periodic components (oscillations) in spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Beamformer-reconstructed MEG time-series allowed a direct comparison of power in the source domain between 24 children (8.0 {+/-} 2.5 years, 17 males) and 24 adults (40.6 {+/-} 17.4 years, 16 males). Our results suggest that the redistribution of oscillatory power from lower to higher frequencies that is observed in childhood does not hold once the age-related changes in the aperiodic signal are controlled for. When estimating both the periodic and aperiodic components, we found that power increases with age in the beta band only, and that the 1/f signal is flattened in adults compared to children. These results suggest a pattern of co-maturing beta oscillatory power with the aperiodic 1/f signal in typical childhood development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowman, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seymour, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillebrand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/839258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-Increasing Neuronal Noise and Beta Power in the Developing Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cervicovaginal microbiome composition drives metabolic profiles in healthy pregnancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMicrobes and their metabolic products influence early-life immune and microbiome development, yet remain understudied during pregnancy. Vaginal microbial communities are typically dominated by one or a few well adapted microbes, which are able to survive in a narrow pH range. In comparison to other human-associated microbes, vaginal microbes are adapted to live on host-derived carbon sources, likely sourced from glycogen and mucin present in the vaginal environment.

MethodsUsing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing, we characterized the cervicovaginal microbiomes of 18 healthy women throughout the three trimesters of pregnancy. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing permitted refinement of the taxonomy established by amplicon sequencing, and identification of functional genes. Additionally, we analyzed saliva and urine metabolomes using GC-TOF and LC-MS/MS lipidomics approaches for samples from mothers and their infants through the first year of life.

ResultsAmplicon sequencing revealed most women had either a simple community with one highly abundant species of Lactobacillus or a more diverse community characterized by a high abundance of Gardnerella, as has also been previously described in several independent cohorts. Integrating GC-TOF and lipidomics data with amplicon sequencing, we found metabolites that distinctly associate with particular communities. For example, cervicovaginal microbial communities dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus also have high mannitol levels, which contradicts the basic characterization of L. crispatus as a homofermentative Lactobacillus species. It may be that fluctuations in which Lactobacillus dominate a particular vaginal microbiome are dictated by the availability of host sugars, such as fructose, which is the most likely substrate being converted to mannitol. Furthermore, indole-3-lactate (ILA) was also indicative of L. crispatus specifically. ILA has immunomodulatory properties through binding the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which may maintain the especially low diversity of L. crispatus dominated communities.

ConclusionsOverall, using a multi- omic approach, we begin to address the genetic and molecular means by which a particular vaginal microbiome becomes vulnerable to large changes in composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMere, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadhwa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiehn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Raad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martiny, J. B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/840520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cervicovaginal microbiome composition drives metabolic profiles in healthy pregnancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anthropomorphic left ventricular mesh phantom: a framework to investigate the accuracy of SQUEEZ using Coherent Point Drift for the detection of regional wall motion abnormalities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an anthropomorphically accurate left ventricular (LV) phantom derived from human CT data to serve as the ground truth for the optimization and the spatial resolution quantification of a CT-derived regional strain metric (SQUEEZ) for the detection of regional wall motion abnormalities. Displacements were applied to the mesh points of a clinically derived end-diastolic LV mesh to create analytical end-systolic poses with physiologically accurate endocardial strains. Normal function as well as regional dysfunction of four sizes (1, 2/3, 1/2, and 1/3 AHA (American Heart Association) segments as core diameter), each exhibiting hypokinesia (70% reduction in strain) and subtle hypokinesia (40% reduction in strain), were simulated. Regional shortening (RSCT) estimates were obtained by registering the end-diastolic mesh to each simulated end-systolic mesh condition using a non-rigid registration algorithm. Ground-truth models of normal function and of hypokinesia were used to identify the optimal parameters in the registration algorithm, and to measure the accuracy of detecting regional dysfunction of varying sizes and severities. For normal LV function, RSCT values in all 16 AHA segments were accurate to within {+/-}5%. For cases with regional dysfunction, the errors in RSCT around the dysfunctional region increased with decreasing size of dysfunctional tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manohar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colvert, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schluchter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contijoch, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/840595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anthropomorphic left ventricular mesh phantom: a framework to investigate the accuracy of SQUEEZ using Coherent Point Drift for the detection of regional wall motion abnormalities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predictive Coding Models for Pain Perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pain is a complex, multidimensional experience that involves dynamic interactions between sensory-discriminative and affective-emotional processes. Pain experiences have a high degree of variability depending on their context and prior anticipation. Viewing pain perception as a perceptual inference problem, we propose a predictive coding paradigm to characterize evoked and non-evoked pain. We record the local field potentials (LFPs) from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of freely behaving rats--two regions known to encode the sensory-discriminative and affective-emotional aspects of pain, respectively. We further use predictive coding to investigate the temporal coordination of oscillatory activity between the S1 and ACC. Specifically, we develop a phenomenological predictive coding model to describe the macroscopic dynamics of bottom-up and top-down activity. Supported by recent experimental data, we also develop a biophysical neural mass model to describe the mesoscopic neural dynamics in the S1 and ACC populations, in both naive and chronic pain-treated animals. Our proposed predictive coding models not only replicate important experimental findings, but also provide new prediction about the impact of the model parameters on the physiological or behavioral read-out--thereby yielding mechanistic insight into the uncertainty of expectation, placebo or nocebo effect, and chronic pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemprecos, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>byrne, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predictive Coding Models for Pain Perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photon count histograms in small domains. Part I: General theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analysis of fluctuations arising as fluorescent particles pass through a focused laser beam has enabled quantitative characterization of molecular kinetic processes. The mathematical frameworks of both fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and photon counting histogram (PCH) analysis, which can measure these fluctuations, assume an infinite Gaussian beam, which prevents their application to particles within domains bounded at the nanoscale. We therefore derived general forms of FCS and PCH for bounded systems. The finite domain form of FCS differs from the classical form in its boundary and initial conditions and requires development of a new Fourier space solution for fitting data. Our finite-domain FCS predicts simulated data accurately and reduces to a previous model for the special case of molecules confined by two boundaries under Gaussian beams. Our approach enables estimation of the concentration of diffusing fluorophores within a finite domain for the first time. The method opens the possibility of quantification of kinetics in several systems for which this has never been possible, including in the one-dimensional lipid tubules discussed in Part 2 of this paper.

Statement of SignificanceMethods based on fluorescence measurements of molecular concentration fluctuations, including Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy and Photon Count Histogram analysis, are widely used to determine rates of diffusion, chemical reaction and sizes of molecular aggregates. Typically, the range over which the molecules can diffuse is large compared to the size of the focused laser beam that excites the fluorescence. This work extends these measurements to systems that are comparable in size to the excitation laser beam. This extends the application of these methods to very small samples such as the interior of bacterial cells or the diffusion of molecules along individual macromolecules such as DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnykov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photon count histograms in small domains. Part I: General theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic odor interactions in olfactory sensory neurons are widespread in freely breathing mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Odor landscapes contain complex blends of discrete molecules that each activate unique, overlapping populations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Despite the presence of hundreds of OSN subtypes in many animals, the overlapping nature of odor inputs may lead to saturation of neural responses at the early stages of stimulus encoding. Information loss due to saturation could be mitigated by normalizing mechanisms such as antagonism at the level of receptor-ligand interactions, whose existence and prevalence remains uncertain. By imaging OSN axon terminals in olfactory bulb glomeruli as well as OSN cell bodies within the olfactory epithelium in freely breathing mice, we found widespread antagonistic interactions in binary odor mixtures. In complex mixtures of up to 12 odorants, antagonistic interactions became stronger and more prevalent with increasing mixture complexity. Therefore, antagonism is a remarkably common feature of odor mixture encoding in olfactory sensory neurons and helps in normalizing activity to reduce saturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zak, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic odor interactions in olfactory sensory neurons are widespread in freely breathing mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/848762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human-specific regulatory features of brain development manifest staggering breadth of associations with physiological processes and pathological conditions of H. sapiens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/848762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in identification and characterization of human-specific regulatory DNA sequences set the stage for the assessment of their global impact on physiology and pathology of Modern Humans. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) of 8,405 genes linked with 35,074 human-specific neuro-regulatory single-nucleotide changes (hsSNCs) revealed a staggering breadth of significant associations with morphological structures, physiological processes, and pathological conditions of Modern Humans. Significantly enriched traits include more than 1,000 anatomically-distinct regions of the adult human brain, many different types of cells and tissues, more than 200 common human disorders and more than 1,000 records of rare diseases. Thousands of genes connected with neuro-regulatory hsSNCs have been identified, which represent essential genetic elements of the autosomal inheritance and offspring survival phenotypes. A total of 1,494 hsSNC- linked genes are associated with either autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance and 2,273 hsSNC-linked genes have been associated with premature death, embryonic lethality, as well as pre-, peri-, neo-, and post-natal lethality phenotypes of both complete and incomplete penetrance. Differential GSEA implemented on hsSNC-linked loci and associated genes identify 7,990 genes linked to evolutionary distinct classes of human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS), expression of a majority of which (5,389 genes; 67%) is regulated by stem cell-associated retroviral sequences (SCARS). Interrogations of the MGI database revealed readily available mouse models tailored for precise experimental definitions of functional effects of hsSNCs and SCARS on genes causally affecting thousands of mammalian phenotypes and implicated in hundreds of common and rare human disorders. These observations suggest that a preponderance of human-specific traits evolved under a combinatorial regulatory control of HSRS and neuro-regulatory loci harboring hsSNCs that are fixed in humans, distinct from other primates, and located in differentially-accessible chromatin regions during brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glinsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/848762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human-specific regulatory features of brain development manifest staggering breadth of associations with physiological processes and pathological conditions of H. sapiens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/852988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Economic, social, and physiological resilience predict brain structure and cognitive performance in 9 - 10-year-old children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/852988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While children with economic disadvantage are at risk for poorer outcomes in cognitive and brain development, less understood is the contribution of other factors in the broader socioeconomic context that may more closely index the underlying mechanisms influencing risk and resilience. We examined brain structure and cognitive test performance in association with economic disadvantage and 22 measures in the broader socioeconomic context among n = 8,158 demographically diverse 9-10-year-old children from the ABCD Study. Total cortical surface area and total cognition scores increased as a function of income-to-needs, with the steepest differences most apparent among children below and near poverty relative to their wealthier peers. We found three latent factors encompassing distinct relationships among our proximal measures, including social, economic, and physiological well-being, each associated with brain structure and cognitive performance independently of economic advantage. Our findings will inform future studies of risk and resilience in developmental outcomes for children with economic disadvantage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uban, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowell, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/852988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Economic, social, and physiological resilience predict brain structure and cognitive performance in 9 - 10-year-old children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/855643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sub-2 A Resolution Structure Determination Using Single-Particle Cryo-EM at 200 keV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/855643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the advent of direct electron detectors (DEDs) and software developments have enabled the routine use of single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for structure determination of well-behaved specimens to high-resolution, there nonetheless remains a discrepancy between the resolutions attained for biological specimens and the information limits of modern transmission electron microscopes (TEMs). Instruments operating at 300 kV equipped with DEDs are the current paradigm for high-resolution single-particle cryo-EM, while 200 kV TEMs remain comparatively underutilized for purposes beyond sample screening. Here, we expand upon our prior work and demonstrate that one such 200 kV microscope, the Talos Arctica, equipped with a K2 DED is capable of determining structures of macromolecules to as high as [~]1.7 [A] resolution. At this resolution, ordered water molecules are readily assigned and holes in aromatic residues can be clearly distinguished in the reconstructions. This work emphasizes the utility of 200 keV for high-resolution single-particle cryo-EM and applications such as structure-based drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/855643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sub-2 A Resolution Structure Determination Using Single-Particle Cryo-EM at 200 keV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/855726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic analyses of factors required for adhesion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to corn salad (Valerianella locusta) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/855726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen leading to gastroenteritis and is commonly acquired by consumption of contaminated food of animal origin. However, numbers of outbreaks linked to the consumption of fresh or minimally processed food of non-animal origin are increasing. New infection routes of S. enterica by vegetables, fruits, nuts and herbs have to be considered. This leads to special interest in S. enterica interactions with leafy products, e.g. salads, that are consumed unprocessed. The attachment of S. enterica to salad is a crucial step in contamination, but little is known about the bacterial factors required and mechanisms of adhesion. S. enterica possesses a complex set of adhesive structures whose functions are only partly understood. Potentially, S. enterica may deploy multiple adhesive strategies for adhering to various salad species, and other vegetables. Here, we systematically analyzed the contribution of the complete adhesiome, of LPS, and of flagella-mediated motility of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) in adhesion to corn salad. We deployed a reductionist, synthetic approach to identify factors involved in the surface binding of STM to leaves of corn salad with particular regard to the expression of all known adhesive structures using the Tet-on system. This work reveals the contribution of Saf fimbriae, type 1 secretion system-secreted BapA, an intact LPS, and flagella-mediated motility of STM in adhesion to corn salad leaves.

Importance

Human gastrointestinal pathogens are often transmitted by animal products, but recent outbreaks show increasing importance of vegetables as source of infection by pathogenic E. coli or Salmonella enterica. The mechanisms of binding of S. enterica to vegetables such as salad are only poorly understood. We established an experimental model system to systematically investigate the role of adhesive structures of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in binding to corn salad leaves. The contributions of all members of the complex adhesiome, flagella, and O-antigen were evaluated. We identified that Saf fimbriae, type 1 secretion system-secreted BapA, an intact LPS, and flagella-mediated motility contribute to adhesion of Salmonella to corn salad leaves. These results will enable future investigations on factors contributing to contamination of vegetables under agricultural conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hensel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elpers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzschmar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuccio, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bäumler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/855726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic analyses of factors required for adhesion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to corn salad (Valerianella locusta)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying Brain Network Topology Changes in Task Processes and Psychiatric Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTA central goal in neuroscience is to understand how dynamic networks of neural activity produce effective representations of the world. Advances in the theory of graph measures raise the possibility of elucidating network topologies central to the construction of these representations. We leverage a result from the description of lollipop graphs to identify an iconic network topology in functional magnetic resonance imaging data and characterize changes to those networks during task performance and in populations diagnosed with psychiatric disorders. During task performance, we find that task-relevant subnetworks change topology, becoming more integrated by increasing connectivity throughout cortex. Analysis of resting-state connectivity in clinical populations shows a similar pattern of subnetwork topology changes; resting-scans becoming less default-like with more integrated sensory paths. The study of brain network topologies and their relationship to cognitive models of information processing raises new opportunities for understanding brain function and its disorders.

AUTHOR SUMMARYOur mental lives are made up of a series of predictions about the world calculated by our brains. The calculations that produce these predictions are a result of how areas in our brain interact. Measures based on graph representations can make it clear what information can be combined and therefore help us better understand the computations the brain is performing. We make use of cutting-edge techniques that overcome a number of previous limitations to identify specific shapes in the functional brain network. These shapes are similar to hierarchical processing streams which play a fundamental role in cognitive neuroscience. The importance of these structures and the technique is highlighted by how they change under different task constraints and in individuals diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rezaeinia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/866855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying Brain Network Topology Changes in Task Processes and Psychiatric Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the polygenic architecture of the human cerebral cortex: Extensive genetic overlap between cortical thickness and surface area 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe thickness of the cerebral cortical sheet and its surface area are highly heritable traits thought to have largely distinct polygenic architectures. Despite large-scale efforts, the majority of their genetic determinants remains unknown. Our ability to identify causal genetic variants can be improved by employing better delineated, less noisy brain measures that better map onto the biology we seek to understand. Such measures may have fewer variants but with larger effects, i.e. lower polygenicity and higher discoverability.

MethodsUsing Gaussian mixture modeling, we estimated the number of causal variants shared between mean cortical thickness and total surface area. We further determined the polygenicity and discoverability of regional cortical measures from five often-employed parcellation schemes. We made use of UK Biobank data from 31,312 healthy White European individuals (mean age 55.5, standard deviation (SD) 7.4, 52.1% female).

ResultsContrary to previous reports, we found large genetic overlap between total surface area and mean thickness, sharing 4427 out of 7150 causal variants. Regional surface area was more discoverable (p=4.1x10-6) and less polygenic (p=.007) than regional thickness measures. We further found that genetically-informed and less granular parcellation schemes had highest discoverability, with no differences in polygenicity.

ConclusionsThese findings may serve as a roadmap for improved future GWAS studies; Knowledge of which measures or parcellations are most discoverable, as well as the genetic overlap between these measures, may be used to boost identification of genetic predictors and thereby gain a better understanding of brain morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monereo Sanchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linden, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlye, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the polygenic architecture of the human cerebral cortex: Extensive genetic overlap between cortical thickness and surface area]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive Functions Mediate the Effect of Preterm Birth on Mathematics Skills in Young Children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Children born preterm are at risk for cognitive deficits and lower academic achievement. Notably, mathematics achievement is generally most affected. Here, we investigated the cognitive functions mediating early mathematics skills and how these are impacted by preterm birth. Healthy children born preterm (gestational age at birth < 33 weeks; n = 51) and children born full term (n = 27) were tested at ages 5, 6, and 7 years with a comprehensive battery of tests. We categorized items of the TEMA-3: Test for Early Mathematics Abilities Third Edition into number skills and arithmetic skills. Using multiple mediation models, we assessed how the effect of preterm birth on mathematics skills is mediated spatial working memory, inhibitory control, visual-motor integration, and phonological processing. Both number and arithmetic skills showed group differences, but with different developmental trajectories. The initial poorer performance observed in the preterm children decreased over time for number skills but increased for arithmetic skills. Phonological processing, visual-motor integration, and inhibitory control were poorer in children born preterm. These cognitive functions, particularly phonological processing, had a mediating effect on both types of mathematics skills. These findings help define and chart the trajectory of the specific cognitive skills directly influencing math deficit phenotypes in children born very preterm. This knowledge provides guidance for targeted evaluation and treatment implementation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adrian, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakeman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akshoomoff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive Functions Mediate the Effect of Preterm Birth on Mathematics Skills in Young Children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SODA: Multi-locus species delimitation using quartet frequencies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationSpecies delimitation, the process of deciding how to group a set of organisms into units called species, is one of the most challenging problems in evolutionary computational biology. While many methods exist for species delimitation, most based on the coalescent theory, few are scalable to very large datasets and methods that scale tend to be not accurate. Species delimitation is closely related to species tree inference from discordant gene trees, a problem that has enjoyed rapid advances in recent years.

ResultsIn this paper, we build on the accuracy and scalability of recent quartet-based methods for species tree estimation and propose a new method called SODA for species delimitation. SODA relies heavily on a recently developed method for testing zero branch length in species trees. In extensive simulations, we show that SODA can easily scale to very large datasets while maintaining high accuracy.

AvailabilityThe code and data presented here are available on https://github.com/maryamrabiee/SODA

Contactsmirarab@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rabiee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/869396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SODA: Multi-locus species delimitation using quartet frequencies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIV/Girdin and Exo70 Constitute the Core of the Mammalian Polarized Exocytic Machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polarized exocytosis is a fundamental process by which membrane and cargo proteins are delivered to the plasma membrane with precise spatial control; it is essential for cell growth, morphogenesis, and migration. Although the need for the octameric exocyst complex is conserved from yeast to humans, what imparts spatial control is known only in yeast, i.e., a polarity scaffold without mammalian homolog, called Bem1p. We demonstrate that polarity scaffold GIV/Girdin fulfills the key criteria and functions of its yeast counterpart Bem1p. Both Bem1p and GIV bind yeast and mammalian Exo70 proteins via similar short-linear interaction motifs, but each preferentially binds its evolutionary counterpart. In cells where this GIV*Exo-70 interaction is selectively disrupted, delivery of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP to podosomes, collagen degradation and haptotaxis through basement membrane matrix were impaired. GIVs interacting partners reveal other components of polarized exocytosis in mammals. Findings not only expose how GIV "upgrades" the exocytic process in mammals, but also how the ability to regulate exocytosis shapes GIVs ability to fuel metastasis.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY Graphic Abstract: Schematic comparing the components of polarized exocytosis, i.e., the major polarity scaffold in yeast (Bem1p; left) and humans (Girdin; right) and the various cellular components and signaling mechanisms that are known to converge on them.

C_FIG_DISPLAY

The eTOC blurbPolarized exocytosis is a precision-controlled process that is enhanced in disease states, e.g., cancer invasion; what imparts polarity was unknown. Authors reveal how the process underwent an evolutionary upgrade from yeast to humans by pinpointing GIV/Girdin as the polarity scaffold which orchestrates the exocytosis of matrix metalloproteases during cell invasion.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIGIV (human) and Bem1p (yeast) bind Exo70; are required for exocytosis
C_LIO_LIGIV binds and aids PM localization Exo70 via a conserved short linear motif
C_LIO_LIBinding facilitates MT1-MMP delivery to podosomes, ECM degradation, invasion
C_LIO_LIRegulatory control over polarized exocytosis is upgraded during evolution
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rohena, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapakse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novick, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIV/Girdin and Exo70 Constitute the Core of the Mammalian Polarized Exocytic Machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIV-Kindlin interaction is required for Kindlin-Mediated Integrin Recognition and Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells perceive and respond to the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrin receptors; their dysregulation has been implicated in inflammation and cancer metastasis. Here we show that a guanine nucleotide exchange modulator of trimeric-GTPase Gi, GIV (a.k.a Girdin), directly binds the integrin adaptor Kindlin-2. A non-canonical short linear motif within GIVs C-terminus binds Kindlin-2-FERM3 domain at a site that is distinct from the binding site for the canonical NPxY motif on the -integrin tail. Binding of GIV to Kindlin-2 allosterically enhances Kindlin-2s affinity for {beta}1-integrin. Consequently, integrin activation and clustering are maximized, which augments cell adhesion, spreading and invasion. Findings elucidate how the GIV*Kindlin-2 complex has a two-fold impact: it allosterically synergizes integrin activation and enables {beta}1-integrins to indirectly access and modulate trimeric GTPases via the complex. Furthermore, Cox proportional-hazard models on tumor transcriptomics provide trans-scale evidence of synergistic interactions between GIV*Kindlin-2*{beta}1-integrin on time to progression to metastasis.

The eTOC blurbIntegrins mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix; their dysregulation fuels inflammation, cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Authors show how two pro-metastatic scaffold proteins, Kindlin and GIV/Girdin bind and cooperatively enhance their allosteric coupling to integrins, and their subsequent activation. Findings reveal novel interfaces in integrin signaling for pharmacologic manipulation.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIGIV and Kindlin(K2), two integrin adaptors that promote metastasis, bind each other
C_LIO_LIBinding of GIV or integrin to K2 allosterically enhances GIV*K2*integrin complexes
C_LIO_LIBinding is required for the maximal recruitment of GIV and K2 to active integrins
C_LIO_LIBinding facilitates integrin clustering, activation, tumor cell adhesion, invasion.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rohena, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalogriopoulos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapakse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sanchez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ablack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIV-Kindlin interaction is required for Kindlin-Mediated Integrin Recognition and Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latent space visualization, characterization, and generation of diverse vocal communication signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals produce vocalizations that range in complexity from a single repeated call to hundreds of unique vocal elements patterned in sequences unfolding over hours. Characterizing complex vocalizations can require considerable effort and a deep intuition about each species vocal behavior. Even with a great deal of experience, human characterizations of animal communication can be affected by human perceptual biases. We present here a set of computational methods that center around projecting animal vocalizations into low dimensional latent representational spaces that are directly learned from data. We apply these methods to diverse datasets from over 20 species, including humans, bats, songbirds, mice, cetaceans, and nonhuman primates, enabling high-powered comparative analyses of unbiased acoustic features in the communicative repertoires across species. Latent projections uncover complex features of data in visually intuitive and quantifiable ways. We introduce methods for analyzing vocalizations as both discrete sequences and as continuous latent variables. Each method can be used to disentangle complex spectro-temporal structure and observe long-timescale organization in communication. Finally, we show how systematic sampling from latent representational spaces of vocalizations enables comprehensive investigations of perceptual and neural representations of complex and ecologically relevant acoustic feature spaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sainburg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thielk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentner, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latent space visualization, characterization, and generation of diverse vocal communication signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The compact genome of Giardia muris reveals important steps in the evolution of intestinal protozoan parasites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diplomonad parasites of the genus Giardia have adapted to colonizing different hosts, most notably the intestinal tract of mammals. The human-pathogenic Giardia species, Giardia intestinalis, has been extensively studied at the genome and gene expression level, but no such information is available for other Giardia species. Comparative data would be particularly valuable for Giardia muris, which colonizes mice and is commonly used as a prototypic in vivo model for investigating host responses to intestinal parasitic infection. Here we report the draft-genome of G. muris. We discovered a highly streamlined genome, amongst the most densely encoded ever described for a nuclear eukaryotic genome. G. muris and G. intestinalis share many known or predicted virulence factors, including cysteine proteases and a large repertoire of cysteine-rich surface proteins involved in antigenic variation. Different to G. intestinalis, G. muris maintains tandem arrays of pseudogenized surface antigens at the telomeres, whereas intact surface antigens are present centrally in the chromosomes. The two classes of surface antigens engage in genetic exchange. Reconstruction of metabolic pathways from the G. muris genome suggest significant metabolic differences to G. intestinalis. Additionally, G. muris encodes proteins that might be used to modulate the prokaryotic microbiota. The responsible genes have been introduced in the Giardia genus via lateral gene transfer from prokaryotic sources. Our findings point to important evolutionary steps in the Giardia genus as it adapted to different hosts and it provides a powerful foundation for mechanistic exploration of host-pathogen interaction in the G. muris - mouse pathosystem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einarsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Astvaldsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peirasmaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svärd, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerlström-Hultqvist, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The compact genome of Giardia muris reveals important steps in the evolution of intestinal protozoan parasites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/009191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inference of Gorilla demographic and selective history from whole genome sequence data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/009191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While population-level genomic sequence data have been gathered extensively for humans, similar data from our closest living relatives are just beginning to emerge. Examination of genomic variation within great apes offers many opportunities to increase our understanding of the forces that have differentially shaped the evolutionary history of hominid taxa. Here, we expand upon the work of the Great Ape Genome Project by analyzing medium to high coverage whole genome sequences from 14 western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), 2 eastern lowland gorillas (G. beringei graueri), and a single Cross River individual (G. gorilla diehli). We infer that the ancestors of western and eastern lowland gorillas diverged from a common ancestor [~]261 thousand years ago (kya), and that the ancestors of the Cross River population diverged from the western lowland gorilla lineage [~]68 kya. Using a diffusion approximation approach to model the genome-wide site frequency spectrum, we infer a history of western lowland gorillas that includes an ancestral population expansion of [~]1.4-fold around [~]970 kya and a recent [~]5.6-fold contraction in population size [~]23 kya. The latter may correspond to a major reduction in African equatorial forests around the Last Glacial Maximum. We also analyze patterns of variation among western lowland gorillas to identify several genomic regions with strong signatures of recent selective sweeps. We find that processes related to taste, pancreatic and saliva secretion, sodium ion transmembrane transport, and cardiac muscle function are overrepresented in genomic regions predicted to have experienced recent positive selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kimberly F. McManus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanna L. Kelley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiya Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna Veeramah</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>August E. Woerner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurie S. Stevison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver A. Ryder</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Great Ape Genome Project</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey M. Kidd</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey D. Wall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlos D. Bustamante</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael F. Hammer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/009191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inference of Gorilla demographic and selective history from whole genome sequence data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/009555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abnormal X Chromosome Inactivation in Females with Major Psychiatric Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/009555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia are severe brain disorders. No biological hallmark has been identified for any of these disorders. Here, we report that abnormal X chromosome inactivation (XCI) often presents in lymphoblastoid cells of female patients with different major psychiatric disorders in the general population. X chromosome inactivation is well preserved in human lymphoblastoid cells. XIST, KDM5C, and other X-linked genes are over-expressed in the lymphoblastoid cells of female patients, suggesting an abnormal XCI. Trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) is significantly increased at both XIST and KDM5C gene loci. We found that XIST and KDM5C expression can be used as a potential diagnostic hallmark for major psychiatric disorders in a large sub-population of female patients. Preliminary studies also suggest an increased XIST expression in postmortem brains from female patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. An increased gene dosage from some X-linked genes may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders, as functional disomy of partial X chromosome have been suggested to cause mental retardation and other developmental abnormalities. Additionally, patients with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) or Triple X syndrome (XXX) frequently display psychiatric disorders due to an extra X chromosome. Mutation of the KDM5C gene was reported to cause X-linked syndromic mental retardation. Our studies suggest that abnormal X chromosome inactivation could play a causal role in development of major psychiatric disorders in females. Correction of abnormal X chromosome inactivation may prevent and/or cure major psychiatric disorders in a sub-population of female patients in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baohu Ji</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerin K Higa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Kelsoe</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xianjin Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/009555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abnormal X Chromosome Inactivation in Females with Major Psychiatric Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/011858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the scope and limitations of baker’s yeast as a model organism for studying human tissue-specific pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/011858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, has been used extensively as a model organism for studying cellular processes in evolutionarily distant species, including humans. However, different human tissues, while inheriting a similar genetic code, exhibit distinct anatomical and physiological properties. Specific biochemical processes and associated biomolecules that differentiate various tissues are not completely understood, neither is the extent to which a unicellular organism, such as yeast, can be used to model these processes within each tissue.nnWe propose a novel computational and statistical framework to systematically quantify the suitability of yeast as a model organism for different human tissues. We develop a computational method for dissecting the human interactome into tissue-specific cellular networks. Using these networks, we simultaneously partition the functional space of human genes, and their corresponding pathways, based on their conservation both across species and among different tissues. We study these subspaces in detail, and relate them to the overall similarity of each tissue with yeast.nnMany complex disorders are driven by a coupling of housekeeping (universally expressed in all tissues) and tissue-selective (expressed only in specific tissues) dysregulated pathways. We show that human-specific subsets of tissue-selective genes are significantly associated with the onset and development of a number of pathologies. Consequently, they provide excellent candidates as drug targets for therapeutic interventions. We also present a novel tool that can be used to assess the suitability of the yeast model for studying tissue-specific physiology and pathophysiology in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shahin Mohammadi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baharak Saberidokht</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar Subramaniam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananth Grama</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/011858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the scope and limitations of baker’s yeast as a model organism for studying human tissue-specific pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of an Arabidopsis Aminotransferase that Facilitates Tryptophan and Auxin Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IAA plays a critical role in regulating numerous aspects of plant growth and development. While there is much genetic support for tryptophan-dependent (Trp-D) IAA synthesis pathways, there is little genetic evidence for tryptophan-independent (Trp-I) IAA synthesis pathways. Using Arabidopsis, we identified two mutant alleles of ISS1 (Indole Severe Sensitive) that display indole-dependent IAA overproduction phenotypes including leaf epinasty and adventitious rooting. Stable isotope labeling showed that iss1, but not WT, uses primarily Trp-I IAA synthesis when grown on indolesupplemented medium. In contrast, both iss1 and WT use primarily Trp-D IAA synthesis when grown on unsupplemented medium. iss1 seedlings produce 8-fold higher levels of IAA when grown on indole and surprisingly have a 174-fold increase in Trp. These findings indicate that the iss1 mutants increase in Trp-I IAA synthesis is due to a loss of Trp catabolism. ISS1 was identified as At1g80360, a predicted aromatic aminotransferase, and in vitro and in vivo analysis confirmed this activity. At1g80360 was previously shown to primarily carry out the conversion of indole-3-pyruvic acid to Trp as an IAA homeostatic mechanism in young seedlings. Our results suggest that in addition to this activity, in more mature plants ISS1 has a role in Trp catabolism and possibly in the metabolism of other aromatic amino acids. We postulate that this loss of Trp catabolism impacts the use of Trp-D and/or Trp-I IAA synthesis pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael Pieck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youxi Yuan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jason Godfrey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher Fisher</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanda Zolj</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas Thomas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connie Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian Ramos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer Normanly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Celenza</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/013821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of an Arabidopsis Aminotransferase that Facilitates Tryptophan and Auxin Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/015677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoration of Sp4 in forebrain GABAergic neurons rescues hypersensitivity to ketamine in Sp4 hypomorphic mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/015677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketamine produces schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes in healthy people. Prolonged ketamine effects and exacerbation of symptoms were observed in schizophrenia patients after administration of ketamine. More recently, ketamine has been used as a potent antidepressant to treat patients with major depression. The genes and neurons that regulate behavioral responses to ketamine, however, remain poorly understood. Our previous studies found that Sp4 hypomorphic mice displayed several behavioral phenotypes relevant to psychiatric disorders, consistent with human SP4 gene associations with schizophrenia, bipolar, and major depression. Among those behavioral phenotypes, hypersensitivity to ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion has been observed in Sp4 hypomorphic mice. Here, we report differential genetic restoration of Sp4 expression in forebrain excitatory neurons or GABAergic neurons in Sp4 hypomorphic mice and the effects of these restorations on different behavioral phenotypes. Restoration of Sp4 in forebrain excitatory neurons did not rescue deficient sensorimotor gating, fear learning, or ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion. Restoration of Sp4 in forebrain GABAergic neurons, however, rescued ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, but did not rescue deficient sensorimotor gating or fear learning. Our studies suggest that the Sp4 gene in forebrain GABAergic neurons plays an essential role in regulating some behavioral responses to ketamine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerin K Higa</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baohu Ji</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahalah R Buell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough B Victoria</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan B Powell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jared W Young</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark A Geyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xianjin Zhou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/015677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoration of Sp4 in forebrain GABAergic neurons rescues hypersensitivity to ketamine in Sp4 hypomorphic mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans ephrin EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously with heparan sulfate proteoglycans to promote axon outgrowth and branching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Eph receptors and their cognate ephrin ligands play key roles in many aspects of nervous system development. These interactions typically occur within an individual tissue type, serving either to guide axons to their terminal targets or to define boundaries between the rhombomeres of the hindbrain. We have identified a novel role for the Caenorhabditis elegans ephrin EFN-4 in promoting primary neurite outgrowth in AIY interneurons and D-class motor neurons. Rescue experiments reveal that EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the epidermis to promote primary neurite outgrowth. We also find that EFN-4 plays a role in promoting ectopic axon branching in a C. elegans model of X-linked Kallmann syndrome. In this context, EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the body wall muscle, and in parallel with HS biosynthesis genes and HSPG core proteins, which function cell autonomously in the AIY neurons. This is the first report of an epidermal ephrin providing a developmental cue to the nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alicia A Schwieterman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alyse N Steves</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian Yee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cory J Donelson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron Pital</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor Voyles</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin M Howard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danielle E Ereddia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsie S Effrein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan L McMurry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian D Ackley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew D Chisholm</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin L Hudson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/022756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans ephrin EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously with heparan sulfate proteoglycans to promote axon outgrowth and branching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing transcriptional heterogeneity through pathway and gene set overdispersion analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/026948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptome measurements are being applied at rapidly increasing scales to study cellular repertoires underpinning functions of complex tissues and organs, including mammalian brains. The transcriptional state of each cell, however, reflects a variety of biological factors, including persistent cell-type specific regulatory configurations, transient processes such as cell cycle, local metabolic demands, and extracellular signals. Depending on the biological setting, all such aspects of transcriptional heterogeneity can be of potential interest, but detecting complex heterogeneity structure from inherently uncertain single-cell data presents analytical challenges. We developed PAGODA to resolve multiple, potentially overlapping aspects of transcriptional heterogeneity by identifying known pathways or novel gene sets that show significant excess of coordinated variability among the measured cells. We demonstrate that PAGODA effectively recovers the subpopulations and their corresponding functional characteristics in a variety of single-cell samples, and use it to characterize transcriptional diversity of neuronal progenitors in the developing mouse cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jean Fan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neeraj Salathia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rui Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gwen Kaeser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun Yung</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph L Herman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiona Kaper</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian-Bing Fan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kun Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jerold Chun</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter Kharchenko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/026948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing transcriptional heterogeneity through pathway and gene set overdispersion analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balanced Oscillatory Coupling Improves Information Flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All animals are able to rapidly change their behavior. The neural basis of such flexibility requires that groups of distant neural ensembles rapidly alter communications with selectivity and fidelity. Low frequency oscillations are a strong candidate for how neurons coordinate communication via the dynamic instantiation of functional networks. These dynamic networks are argued to rapidly guide the flow of information, with the presumption that stronger oscillations more strongly influence information flow. Surprisingly, there is scant evidence or theoretical support for how oscillatory activity might enhance information flow. Here we introduce a novel computational model for oscillatory neural communication and show that, rather than the strength of the oscillation, it is the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity that has the largest effect on information flow. When coupling between an oscillation and spiking has balanced excitatory-inhibitory inputs, information flow is enhanced via improved discriminability between signal and noise. In contrast, when coupling is unbalanced, driven either by excessive excitation or inhibition, information flow is obstructed, regardless of the strength of the oscillation. A multitude of neuropathologies, including Parkinsons disease, schizophrenia, and autism, are associated with oscillatory disruptions and excitation-inhibition imbalances. Our results show that understanding the distinction between balanced and unbalanced oscillatory coupling offers a unifying mechanistic framework for understanding effective neural communication and its disruption in neuropathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erik J Peterson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley Voytek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balanced Oscillatory Coupling Improves Information Flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resources for the comprehensive discovery of functional RNA elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome-wide maps of RNA binding protein (RBP)-RNA interactions by immunoprecipitation (IP)-based methods such as RNA IP (RIP) and crosslinking and IP (CLIP) are key starting points for evaluating the molecular roles of the thousands of human RBPs. A significant bottleneck to the application of these methods in diverse cell-lines, tissues and developmental stages, is the availability of validated IP-quality antibodies. Using IP followed by immunoblot assays, we have developed a validated repository of 438 commercially available antibodies that interrogate 365 unique RBPs. In parallel, 362 short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs against 276 unique RBPs were also used to confirm specificity of these antibodies. These antibodies can characterize subcellular RBP localization. With the burgeoning interest in the roles of RBPs in cancer, neurobiology and development, these resources are invaluable to the broad scientific community. Detailed information about these resources is publicly available at the ENCODE portal (https://www.encodeproject.org/).nnHighlightsO_LIAntibodies against 365 unique RBPs successfully immunoprecipitate the RBPsnC_LIO_LIShort-hairpin RNAs against 276 unique RBPs confirm the specificity of RBP antibodiesnC_LIO_LIAntibodies characterize subcellular localization of RBPsnC_LIO_LIAntibody and hairpin RNA information are provided at https://www.encodeproject.org/nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balaji Sundararaman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lijun Zhan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven Blue</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebecca Stanton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keri Elkins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sara Olson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xintao Wei</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric L Van Nostrand</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephanie C Huelga</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brendan M Smalec</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaofeng Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eurie L Hong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean M Davidson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Lecuyer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenton R Graveley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gene W Yeo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resources for the comprehensive discovery of functional RNA elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating Effect Sizes and Expected Replication Probabilities from GWAS Summary Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/032474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) result in millions of summary statistics ("z-scores") for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with phenotypes. These rich datasets afford deep insights into the nature and extent of genetic contributions to complex phenotypes such as psychiatric disorders, which are understood to have substantial genetic components that arise from very large numbers of SNPs. The complexity of the datasets, however, poses a significant challenge to maximizing their utility. This is reflected in a need for better understanding the landscape of z-scores, as such knowledge would enhance causal SNP and gene discovery, help elucidate mechanistic pathways, and inform future study design. Here we present a parsimonious methodology for modeling effect sizes and replication probabilities that does not require raw genotype data, relying only on summary statistics from GWAS substudies, and a scheme allowing for direct empirical validation. We show that modeling z-scores as a mixture of Gaussians is conceptually appropriate, in particular taking into account ubiquitous non-null effects that are likely in the datasets due to weak linkage disequilibrium with causal SNPs. The four-parameter model allows for estimating the degree of polygenicity of the phenotype - the proportion of SNPs (after uniform pruning, so that large LD blocks are not over-represented) likely to be in strong LD with causal/mechanistically associated SNPs - and predicting the proportion of chip heritability explainable by genome-wide significant SNPs in future studies with larger sample sizes. We apply the model to recent GWAS of schizophrenia (N=82,315) and additionally, for purposes of illustration, putamen volume (N=12,596), with approximately 9.3 million SNP z-scores in both cases. We show that, over a broad range of z-scores and sample sizes, the model accurately predicts expectation estimates of true effect sizes and replication probabilities in multistage GWAS designs. We estimate the degree to which effect sizes are over-estimated when based on linear-regression association coefficients. We estimate the polygenicity of schizophrenia to be 0.037 and the putamen to be 0.001, while the respective sample sizes required to approach fully explaining the chip heritability are 106 and 105. The model can be extended to incorporate prior knowledge such as pleiotropy and SNP annotation. The current findings suggest that the model is applicable to a broad array of complex phenotypes and will enhance understanding of their genetic architectures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dominic Holland</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunpeng Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesley K Thompson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Schork</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi-Hua Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min-Tzu Lo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aree Witoelar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas Werge</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael O'Donovan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ole A Andreassen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anders Dale</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/032474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating Effect Sizes and Expected Replication Probabilities from GWAS Summary Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on early endosomes using the novel linker protein PxdA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic cells use microtubule-based intracellular transport for the delivery of many subcellular cargos, including organelles. The canonical view of organelle transport is that organelles directly recruit molecular motors via cargo-specific adaptors. In contrast to this view, we show here that peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on early endosomes, an organelle that directly recruits the transport machinery. Using the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans we find that hitchhiking is mediated by a novel endosome-associated linker protein, PxdA. PxdA is required for normal distribution and long-range movement of peroxisomes, but not early endosomes or nuclei. Using simultaneous time-lapse imaging we find that early endosome-associated PxdA localizes to the leading edge of moving peroxisomes. We identify a coiled-coil region within PxdA that is necessary and sufficient for early endosome localization and peroxisome distribution and motility. These results present a new mechanism of microtubule-based organelle transport where peroxisomes hitchhike on early endosomes and identify PxdA as the novel linker protein required for this coupling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>John Salogiannis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin J. Egan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samara L. Reck-Peterson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/034231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on early endosomes using the novel linker protein PxdA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis Auxin F-box proteins AFB4 and AFB5 are Required for Response to the Synthetic Auxin Picloram 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/034652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plant hormone auxin is perceived by a family of F-box proteins called the TIR1/AFBs. Phylogenetic studies reveal that these proteins fall into four clades in flowering plants called TIR1, AFB2, AFB4, and AFB6 (Parry et al. 2009). Genetic studies indicate that members of the TIR1 and AFB2 groups act as positive regulators of auxin signaling by promoting the degradation of the Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors (Dharmasiri et al. 2005; Parry et al. 2009). In this report, we demonstrate that both AFB4 and AFB5 also function as auxin receptors based on in vitro assays. We also provide genetic evidence that both AFB4 and AFB5 are targets of the picloram family of auxinic herbicides. In contrast to previous studies we find that null afb4 alleles do not exhibit obvious defects in seedling morphology or auxin hypersensitivity. We conclude that AFB4 and AFB5 act in a similar fashion to other members of the family but exhibit a distinct auxin specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michael J Prigge</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathleen Greenham</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron Santner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristina Castillejo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronan C O'Malley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph R Ecker</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Estelle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/034652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arabidopsis Auxin F-box proteins AFB4 and AFB5 are Required for Response to the Synthetic Auxin Picloram]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic identification of cooperation between DNA binding proteins in 3D space 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cooperation between DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) such as transcription factors and chromatin remodeling enzymes plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression and other biological processes. Such cooperation is often via interaction between DBPs that bind to loci located distal in the linear genome but close in the 3D space, referred as trans-cooperation. Due to the lack of 3D chromosomal structure, identification of DBP cooperation has been limited to those binding to neighbor regions in the linear genome, referred as cis-cooperation. Here we present the first study that integrates protein ChIP-seq and Hi-C data to systematically identify both cis- and trans-cooperation between DBPs. We developed a new network model that allows identification of cooperation between multiple DBPs and reveals cell type specific or independent regulations. Particularly interesting, we have retrieved many known and previously unknown trans-cooperation between DBPs in the chromosomal loops that may be a key factor for influencing 3D chromosomal structure. The software is available at http://wanglab.ucsd.edu/star/DBPnet/index.html.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kai Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/036145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic identification of cooperation between DNA binding proteins in 3D space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/038448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene Expression Signatures of Sporadic ALS Motor Neuron Populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/038448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor neurons (MNs) to cause progressive paralysis. Ninety percent of cases are sporadic (sALS) and ten percent are familial (fALS). The molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration remain elusive and there is a lack of promising biomarkers that define ALS phenotypes and progression. To date, most expression studies have focused on either complex whole tissues that contain cells other than MNs or induced pluripotent derived MNs (iMNs). Furthermore, as human tissue samples have high variability, estimation of differential gene-expression is not a trivial task.nnResultsHere, we report a battery of orthogonal computational analyses to discover geneexpression defects in laser capture microdissected and enriched MN RNA pools from sALS patient spinal cords in regions destined for but not yet advanced in neurodegenerative stage. We used total RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), applied multiple percentile rank (MPR) analysis to analyze MN-specific gene-expression signatures, and used high-throughput qPCR to validate RNA-seq results. Furthermore, we used a systems-level approach that identified molecular networks perturbed in sALS MNs. Weighted gene co-expression correlation network (WGCNA) analysis revealed defects in neurotransmitter biosynthesis and RNA-processing pathways while gene-gene interaction analysis showed abnormalities in networks that pertained to cell-adhesion, immune response and wound healing.nnConclusionsWe discover gene-expression signatures that distinguish sALS from control MNs and our findings illuminate possible mechanisms of cellular toxicity. Our systematic and comprehensive analysis serves as a framework to reveal expression signatures and disrupted pathways that will be useful for future mechanistic studies and biomarker based therapeutic research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ranjan Batra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasey Hutt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony Vu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart J Rabin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael W Baughn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan T Libby</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shawn Hoon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Ravits</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gene W Yeo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/038448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene Expression Signatures of Sporadic ALS Motor Neuron Populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rigidity of silicone substrates controls cell spreading and stem cell differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/040048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple functions of cells cultured on flat substrates have been shown to depend on the elastic modulus of the substrate, E, with the dependence being strongest in a physiological range of soft tissues, corresponding to E from 0.1 to 100 kPa. Among those functions are stem cell differentiation, cell spreading, and cell signaling [1]. In the context of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), substrates with E in the ranges of <4 kPa, 8-17 kPa, and >25 kPa, have been classified as soft (adipogenic) [2,3], medium rigidity (myogenic)1, and hard (osteogenic) [1], respectively. In most studies, the soft substrates are hydrogels, and variations in their elastic moduli are usually accompanied by variations in the dry mass and porosity. The paradigm of the effect of substrate rigidity on the cellular functions has been challenged by Trappmann et al. [4], who claimed that cell spreading and differentiation on hydrogel substrates depend not on the elastic moduli of the substrates, but rather on their porosity, which affects the density of adhesion points between the substrate surface and the extracellular matrix (ECM) coating on it. This claim has been rebutted by Wen at al. [3], who have used hydrogel substrates with different porosities but identical elastic moduli to show that it is the elastic modulus rather than the porosity that is key to the effect of the substrate on cell spreading and differentiation. Both publications agree, however, that there is no appreciable effect of the substrate rigidity on either cell spreading or differentiation, if the substrate is made of a silicone gel rather than a hydrogel. This conclusion appears to contradict the findings of several other groups, who reported that when cells are plated on an array of flexible silicone microposts, their spreading and differentiation depend on the rigidity of the substrate [5], and that when cell are plated on silicone gels, their differentiation depends on the gel rigidity [6]. To resolve this contradiction, we used soft, medium, and hard silicone gel substrates with elastic moduli of 0.5, 16, and 64 kPa, respectively, (Fig.1) to perform experiments similar to those reported in Refs.4 and 3, testing the dependence of differentiation and spreading of MSCs and of spreading of fibroblasts and keratinocytes on the substrate rigidity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grigory Vertelov</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edgar Gutierrez</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sin-Ae Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward Ronan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alex Groisman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eugene Tkachenko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/040048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rigidity of silicone substrates controls cell spreading and stem cell differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/044412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ~2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p = 5.87x10-9; odds ratio = 1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p = 4.53x10-9; odds ratio = 1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liping Hou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarah E Bergen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirmala Akula</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina M Hultman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikael Landen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazda Adli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Alda</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffaella Ardau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbara Arias</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Michel Aubry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lena Backlund</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judith A Badner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas B Barrett</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Bauer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhard T Baune</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank Bellivier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonio Benabarre</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanne Bengesser</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade H Berrettini</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanna M Biernacka</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armin Birner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinnamon S Bloss</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clara Brichant-Petitjean</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elise T Bui</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Byerley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo Cervantes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caterina Chillotti</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sven Cichon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesc Colom</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William Coryell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David W Craig</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristiana Cruceanu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piotr M Czerski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tony Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre Dayer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franziska Degenh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/044412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of Transposon-mediated Activation of the glpFK Operon of Escherichia coli by two DNA binding Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Escherichia coli cells deleted for the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (Crp) gene ({Delta}crp) cannot utilize glycerol because cAMP-Crp is a required positive activator of glycerol utilization operon glpFK. We have previously shown that a transposon, Insertion Sequence 5 (IS5), can reversibly insert into the upstream regulatory region of the operon so as to activate glpFK and enable glycerol utilization. GlpR, which represses glpFK transcription, binds to the glpFK upstream region near the site of IS5 insertion, and prevents insertion. We here show that the cAMP-Crp complex, which also binds to the glpFK upstream regulatory region, also inhibits IS5 hopping into the activating site. This finding allowed us to identify conditions under which wild type cells can acquire glpFK-activating IS5 insertions. Maximal rates of IS5 insertion into the activating site require the presence of glycerol as well as a non-metabolizable sugar analogue that lowers cytoplasmic cAMP concentrations. Under these conditions, IS5 insertional mutants accumulate and outcompete the wild type cells. Because of the widespread distribution of glucose analogues in nature, this mechanism of gene activation could have evolved by natural selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhongge Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milton H. Saier</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/046649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of Transposon-mediated Activation of the glpFK Operon of Escherichia coli by two DNA binding Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/047720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of a Natural Microsporidian Pathogen with a Broad Tissue Tropism in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/047720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial pathogens often establish infection within particular niches of their host for replication. Determining how infection occurs preferentially in specific host tissues is a key aspect of understanding host-microbe interactions. Here, we describe the discovery of a natural microsporidian parasite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that has a unique tissue tropism compared to other parasites of C. elegans. We characterize the life cycle of this new species, Nematocida displodere, including pathogen entry, intracellular replication, and exit. N. displodere can invade multiple host tissues, including the epidermis, muscle, neurons, and intestine of C. elegans. Despite robust invasion of the intestine very little replication occurs there, with the majority of replication occurring in the muscle and epidermis. This feature distinguishes N. displodere from two closely related microsporidian pathogens, N. parisii and N. sp. 1, which exclusively invade and replicate in the intestine. Comparison of the N. displodere genome with N. parisii and N. sp. 1 reveals that N. displodere is the earliest diverging species of the Nematocida genus and devotes over 10% of its genome to a single species-specific gene family that may be mediating host interactions upon infection. Altogether, this system provides a convenient whole-animal model to investigate factors responsible for pathogen growth in different tissue niches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robert J Luallen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron W Reinke</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linda Tong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael R Botts</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie-Anne Felix</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily R Troemel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/047720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of a Natural Microsporidian Pathogen with a Broad Tissue Tropism in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/047753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune DNA signature of T-cell infiltration in breast tumor exomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/047753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been associated with favorable prognosis in multiple tumor types. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) represents the largest collection of cancer molecular data, but lacks detailed information about the immune environment. Here, we show that exome reads mapping to the complementarity-determining-region 3 (CDR3) of mature T-cell receptor beta (TCRB) can be used as an immune DNA (iDNA) signature. Specifically, we propose a method to identify CDR3 reads in a breast tumor exome and validate it using deep TCRB sequencing. In 1,078 TCGA breast cancer exomes, the fraction of CDR3 reads was associated with TILs fraction, tumor purity, adaptive immunity gene expression signatures and improved survival in Her2+ patients. Only 2/839 TCRB clonotypes were shared between patients and none associated with a specific HLA allele or somatic driver mutations. The iDNA biomarker enriches the comprehensive dataset collected through TCGA, revealing associations with other molecular features and clinical outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eric Levy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachel Marty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valentina Garate-Calderon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian Woo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelle Dow</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricardo Armisen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannah Carter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier Harismendy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/047753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune DNA signature of T-cell infiltration in breast tumor exomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit sensory potentiation and establish involvement of plastidial KEA transporters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/048330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractPlants experience hyperosmotic stress when faced with saline soils and possibly drought stress, but it is currently unclear how plants perceive this stress in an environment of dynamic water availabilities. Hyperosmotic stress induces a rapid rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in plants, and this Ca2+ response may reflect the activities of osmo-sensory components. Here, we find in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana that the rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+ response exhibited enhanced response magnitudes after pre-exposure to an intermediate hyperosmotic stress. We term this phenomenon "osmo-sensory potentiation". The initial sensing and potentiation occurred in intact plants as well as in roots. Having established a quantitative understanding of WT responses, we investigated effects of pharmacological inhibitors and candidate channel/transporter mutants. Quintuple MSL channel mutants as well as double MCA channel mutants did not affect the response. However interestingly, double mutations in the plastid KEA transporters, kea1kea2, and a single mutation that does not visibly affect chloroplast structure, kea3, impaired the rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+ responses. These mutations did not significantly affect sensory potentiation of the response. These findings suggest that plastids may play an important role in the early steps mediating the response to hyperosmotic stimuli. Together, these findings demonstrate that the plant osmosensory components necessary to generate rapid osmotic-induced Ca2+ responses remains responsive under varying osmolarities, endowing plants with the ability to perceive the dynamic intensities of water limitation imposed by osmotic stress.nnSignificance StatementThe sensitivity ranges of biological sensors determine when- and to what extent responses to environmental stimuli are activated. Plants may perceive water limitation imposed by soil salinity or drought in the form of osmotic stress, among other mechanisms. Rapid osmotic stress-induced Ca2+ responses provide the opportunity to quantitatively characterize the responses to osmotic stress under environmental and genetic perturbations. This report describes a phenomenon whereby prior exposure to osmotic stress increases the sensitivity of the rapid responses to subsequent stress. Further, mutations in specific plastidial transporters were found to reduce the stress response. These findings inform the reader of new avenues for understanding osmotic stress responses in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aaron Benjamin Stephan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Yang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hans-Henning Kunz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julian I. Schroeder</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/048330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+ responses in Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit sensory potentiation and establish involvement of plastidial KEA transporters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/050492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paradoxical signaling regulates structural plasticity in dendritic spines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/050492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transient spine enlargement (3-5 min timescale) is an important event associated with the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Many of the molecular mechanisms associated with transient spine en{-}largement have been identified experimentally. Here, we use a systems biology approach to construct a mathematical model of biochemical signaling and actin-mediated transient spine expansion in response to calcium-influx due to NMDA receptor activation. We have identified that a key feature of this signaling network is the paradoxical signaling loop. Paradoxical components act bifunctionally in signaling net{-}works and their role is to control both the activation and inhibition of a desired response function (protein activity or spine volume). Using ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based modeling, we show that the dynamics of different regulators of transient spine expansion including CaMKII, RhoA, and Cdc42 and the spine volume can be described using paradoxical signaling loops. Our model is able to capture the experimentally observed dynamics of transient spine volume. Furthermore, we show that actin remod{-}eling events provide a robustness to spine volume dynamics. We also generate experimentally testable predictions about the role of different components and parameters of the network on spine dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padmini Rangamani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael G. Levy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahid M. Khan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Oster</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/050492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paradoxical signaling regulates structural plasticity in dendritic spines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shear-induced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/051946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a biochemical model of the wall shear stress (WSS)-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in an endothelial cell (EC). The model includes three key mechanotransducers: mechanosensing ion channels, integrins and G-protein-coupled receptors. The reaction cascade consists of two interconnected parts. The first is rapid activation of calcium, which results in formation of calcium-calmodulin complexes, followed by recruitment of eNOS from caveolae. The second is phosphoryaltion of eNOS by protein kinases PKC and AKT. The model also includes a negative feedback loop due to inhibition of calcium influx into the cell by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In this feedback, increased nitric oxide (NO) levels cause an increase in cGMP levels, so that cGMP inhibition of calcium influx can limit NO production. The model was used to predict the dynamics of NO production by an EC subjected to a step increase of WSS from zero to a finite physiologically relevant value. Among several experimentally observed features, the model predicts a highly nonlinear, bipha-sic transient behavior of eNOS activation and NO production: a rapid initial activation due to the very rapid influx of calcium into the cytosol (occurring within 1 to 5 minutes) is followed by a sustained period of activation due to protein kinases.nnAcronymsAKT, protein kinase B; [Ca2+]c, [Ca2+]s, [Ca2+]e and [Ca2+]b, cytosolic, stored, external and buffer concentrations of calcium ions, respectively; Ca3-CaM and Ca4-CaM, calcium-calmodulin complexes with 3 and 4 calcium ions bound to CaM, respectively; CaM, calmodulin; CCE, capacitative calcium entry; cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate; EC, endothelial cell; ECM, extracellular matrix; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; eNOScav, eNOS bound to caveolin; eNOS*, eNOS-CaM complex phosphorylated at Ser-1197; eNOS0, caveolin-bound eNOS phosphorylated at Thr-495; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; G, active G proteins; Gt, total G proteins; GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptors; Hsp90, heat shock protein 90; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; IP3, inositol triphosphate; L-Arg, L-form of arginine; MSIC, mechanosensing ion channel; NO, nitric oxide; O2, oxygen; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phos-phatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate; PI3K, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases; PKC, protein kinase C; RBC, red blood cell; sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase; WSS, wall shear stress
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krishna Sriram</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin G. Laughlin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmini Rangamani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel M. Tartakovsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/051946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shear-induced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of human adaptation during the past 2,000 years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/052084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detection of recent natural selection is a challenging problem in population genetics, as standard methods generally integrate over long timescales. Here we introduce the Singleton Density Score (SDS), a powerful measure to infer very recent changes in allele frequencies from contemporary genome sequences. When applied to data from the UK10K Project, SDS reflects allele frequency changes in the ancestors of modern Britons during the past 2,000 years. We see strong signals of selection at lactase and HLA, and in favor of blond hair and blue eyes. Turning to signals of polygenic adaptation we find, remarkably, that recent selection for increased height has driven allele frequency shifts across most of the genome. Moreover, we report suggestive new evidence for polygenic shifts affecting many other complex traits. Our results suggest that polygenic adaptation has played a pervasive role in shaping genotypic and phenotypic variation in modern humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yair Field</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evan A Boyle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natalie Telis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziyue Gao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyle J Gaulton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David Golan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loic Yengo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghislain Rocheleau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philippe Froguel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark I McCarthy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan K Pritchard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/052084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of human adaptation during the past 2,000 years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-to-cell spread of microsporidia causes C. elegans organs to form syncytia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growth of pathogens is dictated by their interactions with the host environment. Many obligate intracellular pathogens undergo several cellular decisions as they progress through their life cycles inside of host cells. We studied this process for several species of microsporidia in the genus Nematocida in their co-evolved animal host Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that microsporidia can restructure multicellular host tissues into a single contiguous multinucleate cell. In particular, we found that all three Nematocida species we studied were able to spread across the cells of C. elegans tissues before forming spores, with two species causing syncytial formation in the intestine, and one species causing syncytial formation in the muscle. We also found that the decision to switch from replication to differentiation in N. parisii was altered by the density of infection, suggesting that environmental cues influence the dynamics of the pathogen life cycle. These findings show how microsporidia can maximize the use of host space for growth, and that environmental cues in the host can regulate a developmental switch in the pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keir M Balla</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert J Luallen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malina A Bakowski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily R Troemel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-to-cell spread of microsporidia causes C. elegans organs to form syncytia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing Molecular Motors for Nanoscale Pulldown in Live Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/053744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) regulate signal transduction and cellular behavior, yet studying PPIs within live cells remains fundamentally challenging. We have miniaturized the affinity pulldown, a gold-standard PPI interrogation technique, for use within live cells. Our assay hijacks endogenous myosin motors to forcibly traffic, or pulldown, macromolecular complexes within the native cytosolic environment. Macromolecules captured by nanoscale pulldown (NanoSPD) are optically interrogated in situ by tagging individual protein components. Critically, continuous motor trafficking concentrates query complexes into nanoscopic subcellular compartments, providing fluorescence enhancement and allowing nanoscale pulldowns to be visualized and quantified by standard microscopy. Nanoscale pulldown is compatible with nuclear, membrane-associated and cytoplasmic proteins and can investigate functional effects of protein truncations or amino acid substitutions. Moreover, binding hierarchies in larger complexes can be quickly examined within the natural cytosol, making nanoscale pulldown a powerful new optical platform for quantitative high-content screening of known and novel PPIs that act within macromolecular assemblies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jonathan E Bird</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanie Barzik</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meghan Drummond</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel C Sutton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer M Goodman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eva L Morozko</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stacey M Cole</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer Skidmore</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diana Syam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elizabeth A Wilson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracy Fitzgerald</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atteeq U Rehman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donna M Martin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erich T Boger</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inna A Belyantseva</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas B Friedman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/053744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing Molecular Motors for Nanoscale Pulldown in Live Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/055863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapidly evolving homing CRISPR barcodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/055863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present here an approach for engineering evolving DNA barcodes in living cells. The methodology entails using a homing guide RNA (hgRNA) scaffold that directs the Cas9-hgRNA complex to target the DNA locus of the hgRNA itself. We show that this homing CRISPR-Cas9 system acts as an expressed genetic barcode that diversifies its sequence and that the rate of diversification can be controlled in cultured cells. We further evaluate these barcodes in cultured cell populations and show that they can record lineage history and and that their RNA can be assayed as single molecules in situ. This integrated approach will have wide ranging applications, such as in deep lineage tracing, cellular barcoding, molecular recording, dissecting cancer biology, and connectome mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reza Kalhor</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prashant Mali</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George M Church</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/055863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapidly evolving homing CRISPR barcodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/057174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fungal Induced Protein Hyperacetylation Identified by Acetylome Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/057174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysine acetylation is a key post-translational modification that regulates diverse proteins involved in a range of biological processes. The role of histone acetylation in plant defense is well established and it is known that pathogen effector proteins encoding acetyltransferses can directly acetylate host proteins to alter immunity. However, it is unclear whether endogenous plant enzymes can modulate protein acetylation during an immune response. Here we investigate how the effector molecule HC-toxin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, produced by Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 promotes pathogen virulence in maize through altering protein acetylation. Using mass spectrometry we globally quantified the abundance of 3,636 proteins and the levels of acetylation at 2,791 sites in maize plants treated with HC-toxin as well as HC-toxin deficient or producing strains of C. carbonum. Analyses of these data demonstrate that acetylation is a widespread post-translational modification impacting proteins encoded by many intensively studied maize genes. Furthermore, the application of exogenous HC-toxin enabled us to show that the activity of plant-encoded enzymes can be modulated to alter acetylation of non-histone proteins during an immune response. Collectively, these results provide a resource for further mechanistic studies examining the regulation of protein function and offer insight into the complex immune response triggered by virulent C. carbonum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Justin W Walley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhouxin Shen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell R McReynolds</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven P Briggs</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/057174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fungal Induced Protein Hyperacetylation Identified by Acetylome Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Cellular States Determine Calcium Signaling Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/059287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The heterogeneity in mammalian cells signaling response is largely a result of preexisting cell-to-cell variability. It is unknown whether cell-to-cell variability rises from biochemical stochastic fluctuations or distinct cellular states. Here we utilize calcium response to ATP as a model for investigating the structure of heterogeneity within a population of cells and analyze whether distinct cellular response states co-exist. We use a functional definition of cellular state that is based on a mechanistic dynamical systems model of calcium signaling. Using Bayesian parameter inference we obtain high confidence parameter value distributions for several hundred cells, each fitted individually. Clustering the inferred parameter distributions revealed three major distinct cellular states within the population. The existence of distinct cellular states raises the possibility that the observed variability in response is a result of structured heterogeneity between cells. Our work shows how mechanistic models and single-cell parameter fitting can uncover hidden population structure and demonstrate the need for parameter inference at the single-cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jason Yao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy Wollman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/059287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Cellular States Determine Calcium Signaling Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/060764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Williams Syndrome-Specific Neuroarchitectural Profile and Its Associations with Cognitive Features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/060764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Williams Syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorders caused by hemizyous deletion of ~26 genes on the chromosome 7, has unique cognitive features and neuroanatomic abnormalities. Limited in statistical power due to its rareness had led to inconsistent in many direct comparisons using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their associations with cognitive features of WS are not clear. Here, we used a novel approach to derive a WS specific neuroarchitectural profile and tested its association with cognitive features of WS. Using a WS adult cohort (n = 43), we trained a logistic elastic-net model to extract a sparse representation of WS specific neuroarchitectural profile. The predictive performances are robust within the training cohort (leave one out cross-validation AUC = 1.0) and generalized well in an independent teenager WS cohort (n = 60, AUC = 1.0). The WS specific neuroarchitectural profile includes multiple MRI measurements in the orbitofrontal cortex, superior parietal cortex, Sylvian fissures, and basal ganglia, whereas its variations reflect the underlying size of hemizygous deletion, and mediated the disease impact on the cognitive features of WS. In this study, we demonstrate the robustness of the derived WS specific neuroarchitectural profile, suggesting the joint developmental abnormalities in the cortical-subcortical circuitry cause the unique features of WS cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chun Chieh Fan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy T. Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauke Bartsch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua M. Kuperman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donald J. Hagler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Schork</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Halgren</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anders Dale</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/060764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Williams Syndrome-Specific Neuroarchitectural Profile and Its Associations with Cognitive Features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/064121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic complementation in bacterial communities: necessary conditions and optimality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/064121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial communities may display metabolic complementation, in which different members of the association partially contribute to the same biosynthetic pathway. In this way, the end product of the pathway is synthesized by the community as a whole. However, the emergence and the benefits of such complementation are poorly understood. Herein we present a simple model to analyze the metabolic interactions among bacteria, including the host in the case of endosymbiotic bacteria. The model considers two cell populations, with both cell types encoding for the same linear biosynthetic pathway. We have found that, for metabolic complementation to emerge as an optimal strategy, both product inhibition and large permeabilities are needed. In the light of these results, we then consider the patterns found in the case of tryptophan biosynthesis in the endosymbiont consortium hosted by the aphid Cinara cedri. Using in-silico computed physicochemical properties of metabolites of this and other biosynthetic pathways, we verified that the splitting point of the pathway corresponds to themost permeable intermediate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matteo Mori</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miguel Ponce-de-Leon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juli Pereto</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francisco Montero Montero</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/064121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic complementation in bacterial communities: necessary conditions and optimality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/065474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An introduction to linear stability analysis for deciphering spatial patterns in signaling networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/065474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mathematical modeling is now used commonly in the analysis of signaling networks. With advances in high resolution microscopy, the spatial location of different signaling molecules and the spatio-temporal dynamics of signaling microdomains are now widely acknowledged as key features of biochemical signal transduction. Reaction-diffusion mechanisms are commonly used to model such features, often with a heavy reliance on numerical simulations to obtain results. However, simulations are parameter dependent and may not be able to provide an understanding of the full range of the system responses. Analytical approaches on the other hand provide a framework to study the entire phase space. In this tutorial, we provide a largely analytical method for studying reaction-diffusion models and analyzing their stability properties. Using two representative biological examples, we demonstrate how this approach can guide experimental design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jasmine Nirody</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmini Rangamani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/065474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An introduction to linear stability analysis for deciphering spatial patterns in signaling networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/065839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chaotic propagation of spatial cytoskeletal instability modulates integrity of podocyte foot processes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/065839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The kidney podocytes function depends on its distinctive morphology. Each podocyte has fingerlike projections, called foot processes, that interdigitate with the processes of neighboring cells to form the glomerular filtration barrier. The integrity of foot process interactions depends on tight spatial control of the dynamics of the underlying actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the GTPases, Rac1 and RhoA. To understand how spatially-specific regulation of actin filament dynamics within foot processes controls local morphology, we used a combination of 3-D microscopy and dynamical models. We experimentally determined cell-cell interactions using serial blockface scanning electron microscopy and reconstructed a 3-D spatial representation of a podocyte. We developed a minimal dynamical system for regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; using this 3-D model, we determined how spatial reaction-diffusion dynamics can dysregulate actin bundling, leading to propagation of chaotic foot process effacement. Consistent with experimental observations, our simulations predicted that hyperactive RhoA could destabilize the cytoskeleton. Our simulations showed that deleterious mechanochemical stimuli could lead to local heterogeneity of cytoskeletal dynamics resulting in the emergence of progressive and chaotic loss of foot processes. While global enhancement of Rac1 may result in stronger bundles, the spatial simulations showed that even transient local heterogeneities in polymerization could have dramatic consequences in the stability of multiple foot processes. We conclude that the podocyte morphology optimized for filtration contains intrinsic fragility whereby local imbalances in biochemical and biophysical reactions lead to morphological changes associated with glomerular pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cibele V Falkenberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evren U Azeloglu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Stothers</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas J Deerinck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yibang Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John C He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark H. Ellisman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James C. Hone</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravi Iyengar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie M. Loew</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/065839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chaotic propagation of spatial cytoskeletal instability modulates integrity of podocyte foot processes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/066944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Literature mining supports a next-generation modeling approach to predict cellular byproduct secretion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/066944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The metabolic byproducts secreted by growing cells can be easily measured and provide a window into the state of a cell; they have been essential to the development of microbiology1, cancer biology2, and biotechnology3. Progress in computational modeling of cells has made it possible to predict metabolic byproduct secretion with bottom-up reconstructions of metabolic networks. However, owing to a lack of data, it has not been possible to validate these predictions across a wide range of strains and conditions. Through literature mining, we were able to generate a database of Escherichia coli strains and their experimentally measured byproduct secretions. We simulated these strains in six historical genome-scale models of E. coli, and we report that the predictive power of the models has increased as they have expanded in size and scope. Next-generation models of metabolism and gene expression are even more capable than previous models, but parameterization poses new challenges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zachary Andrew King</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edward J O'Brien</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam M Feist</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhard O Palsson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/066944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Literature mining supports a next-generation modeling approach to predict cellular byproduct secretion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChIP-exo interrogation of Crp, DNA, and RNAP holoenzyme interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous in vitro studies have yielded a refined picture of the structural and molecular associations between Cyclic-AMP receptor protein (Crp), the DNA motif, and RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme. In this study, high-resolution ChIP-exonuclease (ChIP-exo) was applied to study Crp binding in vivo and at genome-scale. Surprisingly, Crp was found to provide little to no protection of the DNA motif under activating conditions. Instead, Crp demonstrated binding patterns that closely resembled those generated by {sigma}70. The binding patterns of both Crp and {sigma}70 are indicative of RNAP holoenzyme DNA footprinting profiles associated with stages during transcription initiation that occur post-recruitment. This is marked by a pronounced advancement of the template strand footprint profile to the +20 position relative to the transcription start site and a multimodal distribution on the nontemplate strand. This trend was also observed in the familial transcription factor, Fnr, but full protection of the motif was seen in the repressor ArcA. Given the time-scale of ChIP studies and that the rate-limiting step in transcription initiation is typically post recruitment, we propose a hypothesis where Crp is absent from the DNA motif but remains associated with RNAP holoenzyme post-recruitment during transcription initiation. The release of Crp from the DNA motif may be a result of energetic changes that occur as RNAP holoenzyme traverses the various stable intermediates towards elongation complex formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haythem Latif</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen Federowicz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Ebrahim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janna Tarasova</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Szubin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jose Utrilla</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karsten Zengler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhard Palsson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/069021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChIP-exo interrogation of Crp, DNA, and RNAP holoenzyme interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pulsatile lipid vesicles under osmotic stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/070342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The response of lipid bilayers to osmotic stress is an important part of cellular function. Previously, in (Oglecka et al., 2014), we reported that cell-sized giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) exposed to hypotonic media, respond to the osmotic assault by undergoing a cyclical sequence of swelling and bursting events, coupled to the membranes compositional degrees of freedom. Here, we seek to deepen our quantitative understanding of the essential pulsatile behavior of GUVs under hypotonic conditions, by advancing a comprehensive theoretical model for vesicle dynamics. The model quantitatively captures our experimentally measured swell-burst parameters for single-component GUVs, and reveals that thermal fluctuations enable rate dependent pore nucleation, driving the dynamics of the swell-burst cycles. We further identify new scaling relationships between the pulsatile dynamics and GUV properties. Our findings provide a fundamental framework that has the potential to guide future investigations on the non-equilibrium dynamics of vesicles under osmotic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morgan Chabanon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James C.S. Ho</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo Liedberg</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atul N. Parikh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmini Rangamani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/070342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pulsatile lipid vesicles under osmotic stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/072371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new foreperiod effect on single-trial phase coherence.\\ Part I: existence and relevance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/072371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expecting events in time leads to more efficient behavior. A remarkable early finding in the study of temporal expectancy is the foreperiod effect on reaction times; i.e., the fact that the time period between a warning signal and an impendent stimuli, to which subjects are instructed to respond as quickly as possible, influences reaction times. Recently it has been shown that the phase of oscillatory activity preceding stimulus presentation is related to behavior. Here we connect both of these findings by reporting a novel foreperiod effect on the inter-trial phase coherence triggered by a stimulus to which subjects do not respond. Until now, inter-trial phase coherence has been used to describe a regularity in the phases of groups of trials. We propose a single-trial measure of inter-trial phase coherence and prove its soundness. Equipped with this measure, and using a multivariate decoding method, we demonstrate that the foreperiod duration modulates single-trial phase coherence. In principle, this modulation could be an artifact due to the decoding method used to detect it. We show that this is not the case, since the modulation can also be observed with a very simple averaging method. Although real, the single-trial modulation of inter-trial phase coherence by the foreperiod duration could just reflect a nuisance in our data. We argue against this possibility by showing that the strength of the modulation correlates with subjects behavioral measures, both error rates and mean-reaction times. We anticipate that the new foreperiod effect on inter-trial phase coherence, and the decoding method used here to detect it, will be important tools to understand cognition at the single-trial level. In Part II of this manuscript, we support this claim, by showing that attention modulates the strength of the new foreperiod effect in a trial-by-trial basis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joaquin Rapela</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marissa Westerfield</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeanne Townsend</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott Makeig</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/072371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new foreperiod effect on single-trial phase coherence.\\ Part I: existence and relevance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hand2 Inhibits Kidney Specification While Promoting Vein Formation Within the Posterior Mesoderm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/075036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper organogenesis depends upon defining the precise dimensions of organ progenitor territories. Kidney progenitors originate within the intermediate mesoderm (IM), but the pathways that set the boundaries of the IM are poorly understood. Here, we show that the bHLH transcription factor Hand2 limits the size of the embryonic kidneyby restricting IM dimensions. The IM is expanded in zebrafish hand2 mutants and is diminished when hand2 is overexpressed. Within the posterior mesoderm, hand2 is expressed laterally adjacent to the IM. Venous progenitors arise between these two territories, and hand2 promotes venous development while inhibiting IM formation at this interface. Furthermore, hand2 and the co-expressed zinc-finger transcription factor osr1 have functionally antagonistic influences on kidney development. Together, our data suggest that hand2 functions in opposition to osr1 to balance the formation of kidney and vein progenitors by regulating cell fate decisions at the lateral boundary of the IM.nnIMPACT STATEMENTThe Hand2 transcription factor regulates the dimensions of the kidney by controlling cell fate decisions at the interface between organ fields.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elliot A. Perens</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayra V. Garavito-Aguilar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gina P. Guio-Vega</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karen T. Pena</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yocheved L. Schindler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deborah Yelon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/075036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hand2 Inhibits Kidney Specification While Promoting Vein Formation Within the Posterior Mesoderm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PDGF signaling directs cardiomyocyte movement toward the midline during heart tube assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/076703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Communication between neighboring tissues plays a central role in guiding organ morphogenesis. During heart tube assembly, interactions with the adjacent endoderm control the medial movement of cardiomyocytes, a process referred to as cardiac fusion. However, the molecular underpinnings of this endodermal-myocardial relationship remain unclear. Here, we show an essential role for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) in directing cardiac fusion. In both zebrafish and mouse, mutation of pdgfra inhibits cardiac fusion and can lead to cardia bifida. Timelapse analysis of individual cardiomyocyte trajectories reveals misdirected cells in zebrafish pdgfra mutants, suggesting that PDGF signaling steers cardiomyocytes toward the midline. Intriguingly, the ligand pdgfaa is expressed in the endoderm medial to the pdgfra-expressing myocardial precursors. Ectopic expression of pdgfaa interferes with cardiac fusion, consistent with an instructive role for PDGF signaling. Together, these data uncover a novel mechanism through which endodermal-myocardial communication guides the cell movements that initiate cardiac morphogenesis.nnIMPACT STATEMENTStudies in zebrafish and mouse implicate the PDGF signaling pathway in the communication between the endoderm and the myocardium that drives medial myocardial movement and thereby initiates cardiac morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshua Bloomekatz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reena Singh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen W.J. Prall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariel C. Dunn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megan Vaughan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin-San Loo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard P. Harvey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deborah Yelon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/076703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PDGF signaling directs cardiomyocyte movement toward the midline during heart tube assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Change-point detection without needing to detect change-points? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/077719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how humans and animals learn about statistical regularities in stable and volatile environments, and utilize these regularities to make predictions and decisions, is an important problem in neuroscience and psychology. Using a Bayesian modeling framework, specifically the Dynamic Belief Model (DBM), it has previously been shown that humans tend to make the default assumption that environmental statistics undergo abrupt, unsignaled changes, even when environmental statistics are actually stable. Because exact Bayesian inference in this setting, an example of switching state space models, is computationally intensive, a number of approximately Bayesian and heuristic algorithms have been proposed to account for learning/prediction in the brain. Here, we examine a neurally plausible algorithm, a special case of leaky integration dynamics we denote as EXP (for exponential filtering), that is significantly simpler than all previously suggested algorithms except for the delta-learning rule, and which far outperforms the delta rule in approximating Bayesian prediction performance. We derive the theoretical relationship between DBM and EXP, and show that EXP gains computational efficiency by foregoing the representation of inferential uncertainty (as does the delta rule), but that it nevertheless achieves near-Bayesian performance due to its ability to incorporate a "persistent prior" influence unique to DBM and absent from the other algorithms. Furthermore, we show that EXP is comparable to DBM but better than all other models in reproducing human behavior in a visual search task, suggesting that human learning and prediction also incorporates an element of persistent prior. More broadly, our work demonstrates that when observations are information-poor, detecting changes or modulating the learning rate is both difficult and (thus) unnecessary for making Bayes-optimal predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaitanya K Ryali</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angela J Yu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/077719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Change-point detection without needing to detect change-points?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLEAR: Composition of Likelihoods for Evolve And Resequence Experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experimental evolution (EE) studies are powerful tools for observing molecular evolution "in-action" from populations sampled in controlled and natural environments. The advent of next generation sequencing technologies has made whole-genome and whole-population sampling possible, even for eukaryotic organisms with large genomes, and allowed us to locate the genes and variants responsible for genetic adaptation. While many computational tests have been developed for detecting regions under selection, they are mainly designed for static (single time) data, and work best when the favored allele is close to fixation.nnEE studies provide samples over multiple time points, underscoring the need for tools that can exploit the data. At the same time, EE studies are constrained by the limited time span since onset of selection, depending upon the generation time for the organism. This constraint impedes adaptation studies, as the population can only be evolve-and-resequenced for a small number of generations relative to the fixation time of the favored allele. Moreover, coverage in pool-sequenced experiments varies across replicates and time points, leading to heterogeneous ascertainment bias in measuring population allele frequency across different measurements.nnIn this article, we directly address these issues while developing tools for identifying selective sweep in pool-sequenced EE of sexual organisms and propose Composition of Likelihoods for Evolve-And-Resequence experiments (CO_SCPLOWLEARC_SCPLOW). Extensive simulations show that CO_SCPLOWLEARC_SCPLOW achieves higher power in detecting and localizing selection over a wide range of parameters. In contrast to existing methods, the CO_SCPLOWLEARC_SCPLOW statistics are robust to variation of coverage. CO_SCPLOWLEARC_SCPLOW also provides robust estimates of model parameters, including selection strength and overdominance, as byproduct of the statistical test, while being orders of magnitude faster than existing methods. Finally, we apply the CO_SCPLOWLEARC_SCPLOW statistic to data from a study of D. melanogaster adaptation to alternating temperatures and discover enrichment of genes related to "response to heat" and "cold acclimation".
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arya Iranmehr</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Akbari</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian Schlötterer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vineet Bafna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/080085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLEAR: Composition of Likelihoods for Evolve And Resequence Experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complete coverage of space favors modularity of the grid system in the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex fire when animals that are exploring a certain region of space occupy the vertices of a triangular grid that spans the environment. Different neurons feature triangular grids that differ in their properties of periodicity, orientation and ellipticity. Taken together, these grids allow the animal to maintain an internal, mental representation of physical space. Experiments show that grid cells are modular, i.e. there are groups of neurons which have grids with similar periodicity, orientation and ellipticity. We use statistical physics methods to derive a relation between variability of the properties of the grids within a module and the range of space that can be covered completely (i.e. without gaps) by the grid system with high probability. Larger variability shrinks the range of representation, providing a functional rationale for the experimentally observed co-modularity of grid cell periodicity, orientation and ellipticity. We obtain a scaling relation between the number of neurons and the period of a module, given the variability and coverage range. Specifically, we predict how many more neurons are required at smaller grid scales than at larger ones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanzeni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramanian, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiana, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/081356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complete coverage of space favors modularity of the grid system in the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deconstructing cell size control into physiological modules in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/081422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is generally assumed that the allocation and synthesis of total cellular resources in microorganisms are uniquely determined by the growth conditions. Adaptation to a new physiological state leads to a change in cell size via reallocation of cellular resources. However, it has not been understood how cell size is coordinated with biosynthesis and robustly adapts to physiological states. We show that cell size in Escherichia coli can be predicted for any steady-state condition by projecting all biosynthesis into three measurable variables representing replication initiation, replication-division cycle, and the global biosynthesis rate. These variables can be decoupled by selectively controlling their respective core biosynthesis using CRISPR interference and antibiotics, verifying our predictions that different physiological states can result in the same cell size. We performed extensive growth inhibition experiments, and discovered that cell size at replication initiation per origin, namely the initiation mass or "unit cell," is remarkably invariant under perturbations targeting transcription, translation, ribosome content, replication kinetics, fatty acid and cell-wall synthesis, cell division, and cell shape. Based on this invariance and balanced resource allocation, we explain why the total cell size is the sum of all unit cells. These results provide an overarching framework with quantitative predictive power over cell size in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Si, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauls, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azizi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickstad, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/081422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deconstructing cell size control into physiological modules in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/082362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The human functional genome defined by genetic diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/082362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large scale efforts to sequence whole human genomes provide extensive data on the non-coding portion of the genome. We used variation information from 11,257 human genomes to describe the spectrum of sequence conservation in the population. We established the genome-wide variability for each nucleotide in the context of the surrounding sequence in order to identify departure from expectation at the population level (context-dependent conservation). We characterized the population diversity for functional elements in the genome and identified the coordination of conserved sequences of distal and cis enhancers, chromatin marks, promoters, coding and intronic regions. The most context-dependent conserved regions of the genome are associated with unique functional annotations and a genomic organization that spreads up to one megabase. Importantly, these regions are enriched by over 100-fold of non-coding pathogenic variants. This analysis of human genetic diversity thus provides a detailed view of sequence conservation, functional constraint and genomic organization of the human genome. Specifically, it identifies highly conserved non-coding sequences that are not captured by analysis of interspecies conservation and are greatly enriched in disease variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>di Iulio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavrenko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkness, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggs, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venter, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/082362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The human functional genome defined by genetic diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell analysis of lincRNA expression during human blastocyst differentiation identifies TERT (+) multi-lineage precursor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosome instability and aneuploidies occur very frequently in human embryos, impairing proper embryogenesis and leading to cell cycle arrest, loss of cell viability, and developmental failures in 50-80% of cleavage-stage embryos. This high frequency of cellular extinction events represents a significant experimental obstacle challenging analyses of individual cells isolated from human preimplantation embryos. Here, we carried out single cell expression profiling analyses of 241 individual cells recovered from 32 human embryos during the early and late stages of viable human blastocyst differentiation. Classification of embryonic cells was performed solely based on expression patterns of human pluripotency-associated transcripts (HPAT), which represent a family of transposable element-derived lincRNAs highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and regulating nuclear reprogramming and pluripotency induction. We then validated our findings by analyzing 1,708 individual embryonic cells recovered from more than 100 human embryos and 259 mouse embryonic cells at different stages of preimplantation embryogenesis. Our experiments demonstrate that segregation of human blastocyst cells into distinct sub-populations based on single-cell expression profiling of just three HPATs (HPAT-21; -2; and -15) appears to inform key molecular and cellular events of naive pluripotency induction and accurately captures a full spectrum of cellular diversity during human blastocyst differentiation. HPATs expression-guided spatiotemporal reconstruction of human embryonic development inferred from single-cell expression analysis of viable blastocyst differentiation enabled identification of TERT(+) sub-populations, which are significantly enriched for cells expressing key naive pluripotency regulatory genes and genetic markers of all three major lineages created during human blastocyst differentiation. Results of our analyses suggest that during early stages of preimplantation embryogenesis putative immortal multi-lineage precursor cells (iMPCs) are created, which then differentiate into trophectoderm, primitive endoderm and pluripotent epiblast lineages. We propose that cellular extinction events in cleavage-stage embryos are triggered by premature activation of HPAT lincRNAs reflecting failed iMPCs creation attempts.nnHighlightsO_LISingle cell analysis of 1,949 human & 259 mouse embryonic cellsnC_LIO_LIIdentification of 5 most abundant HPAT lincRNAs in viable human blastocystsnC_LIO_LIExpression profiling of just 3 lincRNAs captures cellular diversity of human blastocystsnC_LIO_LIIdentification & characterization of TERT(+) multi-lineage precursor cellsnC_LIO_LIMTTH/HPAT lincRNAs regulatory axis of naive pluripotency induction in vivonC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Durruthy-Durruthy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wossidlo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastiano, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glinsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/084087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell analysis of lincRNA expression during human blastocyst differentiation identifies TERT (+) multi-lineage precursor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/085381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feature-coding transitions to conjunction-coding with progression through human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/085381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying an object and distinguishing it from similar items depends upon the ability to perceive its component parts as conjoined into a cohesive whole, but the brain mechanisms underlying this ability remain elusive. The ventral visual processing pathway in primates is organized hierarchically: Neuronal responses in its early stages are sensitive to the manipulation of simple visual features whereas neuronal responses in subsequent stages are tuned to increasingly complex stimulus attributes. It is widely assumed that feature-coding dominates in early visual cortex whereas later visual regions employ conjunction-coding in which object representations are different from the sum of their simple-feature parts. However, no study has demonstrated that putative object-level codes in higher visual cortex cannot be accounted for by feature-coding and that putative feature-codes in regions prior to ventral temporal cortex are not equally well characterized as object-level codes. Thus the existence of a transition from feature- to conjunction-coding in visual cortex remains unconfirmed, and, if a transition does occur, its location remains unknown. By employing multivariate analysis of human functional imaging data, we measure both feature-coding and conjunction-coding directly, using the same set of visual stimuli, and pit them against each other to reveal the relative dominance of one versus the other throughout cortex. We provide the first demonstration of a transition from feature-coding in early visual cortex to conjunction-coding in both inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortices. This novel method enables the use of experimentally controlled stimulus features to investigate population-level feature- and conjunction-codes throughout human cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cowell, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/085381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feature-coding transitions to conjunction-coding with progression through human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complete avian malaria parasite genomes reveal host-specific parasite evolution in birds and mammals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Avian malaria parasites are prevalent around the world, and infect a wide diversity of bird species. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of high quality draft genome sequences for two avian malaria species, Plasmodium relictum and Plasmodium gallinaceum. We identify 50 genes that are specific to avian malaria, located in an otherwise conserved core of the genome that shares gene synteny with all other sequenced malaria genomes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the avian malaria species form an outgroup to the mammalian Plasmodium species and using amino acid divergence between species, we estimate the avian and mammalian-infective lineages diverged in the order of 10 million years ago. Consistent with their phylogenetic position, we identify orthologs of genes that had previously appeared to be restricted to the clades of parasites containing P. falciparum and P. vivax - the species with the greatest impact on human health. From these orthologs, we explore differential diversifying selection across the genus and show that the avian lineage is remarkable in the extent to which invasion related genes are evolving. The subtelomeres of the P. relictum and P. gallinaceum genomes contain several novel gene families, including an expanded surf multigene family. We also identify an expansion of reticulocyte binding protein homologs in P. relictum and within these proteins, we detect distinct regions that are specific to non-human primate, humans, rodent and avian hosts. For the first time in the Plasmodium lineage we find evidence of transposable elements, including several hundred fragments of LTR-retrotransposons in both species and an apparently complete LTR-retrotransposon in the genome of P. gallinaceum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boehme, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbiss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyola, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patra, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modrzynska, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billker, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinetz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berriman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/086504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complete avian malaria parasite genomes reveal host-specific parasite evolution in birds and mammals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for PD-1-mediated inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/086652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a co-inhibitory receptor that suppresses T cell activation and is an important cancer immunotherapy target. Upon activation by its ligand PD-L1, PD-1 is thought to suppress signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Here, by titrating the strength of PD-1 signaling in both biochemical reconstitution systems and in T cells, we demonstrate that the coreceptor CD28 is strongly preferred over the TCR as a target for dephosphorylation by PD-1- recruited Shp2 phosphatase. We also show that PD-1 colocalizes with the costimulatory receptor CD28 in plasma membrane microclusters but partially segregates from the TCR. These results reveal that PD-1 suppresses T cell function primarily by inactivating CD28 signaling, suggesting that costimulatory pathways may play unexpected roles in regulating effector T cell function and therapeutic responses to anti-PD-L1/PD-1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallweber, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vale, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/086652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28 is a primary target for PD-1-mediated inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural Genetic Variation Modifies Gene Expression Dynamics at the Protein Level During Pheromone Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/090480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heritable variation in gene expression patterns plays a fundamental role in trait variation and evolution, making understanding the mechanisms by which genetic variation acts on gene expression patterns a major goal for biology. Both theoretical and empirical work have largely focused on variation in steady-state mRNA levels and mRNA synthesis rates, particularly of protein-coding genes. Yet in order for this variation to affect higher order traits it must lead to differences at the protein level. Variation in protein-specific processes including protein synthesis rates and protein decay rates could amplify, mask, or even reverse effects transmitted from the transcript level, but the extent to which this happens is unclear. Moreover, mechanisms that underlie protein expression variation under dynamic conditions have not been examined. To address this challenge, we analyzed how mRNA and protein expression dynamics covary between two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during mating pheromone response. Although divergent steady-state mRNA expression levels explained divergent steady-state protein levels for four out of five genes in our study, the same was true for only one out of five genes for expression dynamics. By integrating decay rate and allele-specific protein expression analyses, we resolved that expression divergence for Fig1p was caused by genetic variation acting in trans on protein synthesis rate, expression divergence for Ina1p was caused by cis-by-trans epistatic effects on transcript level and protein synthesis rate, and expression divergence for Fus3p and Tos6p were caused by divergence in protein synthesis rates. Our study demonstrates that steady-state analysis of gene expression is insufficient to understand the impact of genetic variation on gene expression variation. An integrated and dynamic approach to gene expression analysis - comparing mRNA levels, protein levels, protein decay rates, and allele-specific protein expression - allows for a detailed analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying protein expression divergences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pollard, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asamoto, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahnamoun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abendroth, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/090480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural Genetic Variation Modifies Gene Expression Dynamics at the Protein Level During Pheromone Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-linear tradeoffs allow cooperation to evolve from Prisoner’s Dilemma to Snow Drift 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The existence of cooperation, or the production of public goods, is an evolutionary problem. Cooperation is not favored because the Prisoners Dilemma (PD) game drives cooperators to extinction. We have re-analyzed this problem by using RNA viruses to motivate a model for the evolution of cooperation. Gene products are the public goods and group size is the number of virions co-infecting the same host cell. Our results show that if the tradeoff between replication and production of gene products is linear, PD is observed. However, if the tradeoff is nonlinear, the viruses evolve into separate lineages of ultra-defectors and ultra-cooperators as group size is increased. The nonlinearity was justified by the existence of real viral ultra-defectors, known as defective interfering (DI) particles, which gain a nonlinear advantage by being smaller. The evolution of ultra-defectors and ultra-cooperators creates the Snow Drift game, which promotes high-level production of public goods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/091041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-linear tradeoffs allow cooperation to evolve from Prisoner’s Dilemma to Snow Drift]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Splice Expression Variation Analysis (SEVA) for Differential Gene Isoform Usage in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/091637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationCurrent bioinformatics methods to detect changes in gene isoform usage in distinct phenotypes compare the relative expected isoform usage in phenotypes. These statistics model differences in isoform usage in normal tissues, which have stable regulation of gene splicing. Pathological conditions, such as cancer, can have broken regulation of splicing that increases the heterogeneity of the expression of splice variants. Inferring events with such differential heterogeneity in gene isoform usage requires new statistical approaches.nnResultsWe introduce Splice Expression Variability Analysis (SEVA) to model increased heterogeneity of splice variant usage between conditions (e.g., tumor and normal samples). SEVA uses a rank-based multivariate statistic that compares the variability of junction expression profiles within one condition to the variability within another. Simulated data show that SEVA is unique in modeling heterogeneity of gene isoform usage, and benchmark SEVAs performance against EBSeq, DiffSplice, and rMATS that model differential isoform usage instead of heterogeneity. We confirm the accuracy of SEVAin identifying known splice variants in head and neck cancer and perform cross-study validation of novel splice variants. A novel comparison of splice variant heterogeneity between subtypes of head and neck cancer demonstrated unanticipated similarity between the heterogeneity of gene isoform usage in HPV-positive and HPV-negative subtypes and anticipated increased heterogeneity among HPV-negative samples with mutations in genes that regulate the splice variant machinery.nnConclusionThese results show that SEVA accurately models differential heterogeneity of gene isoform usage from RNA-seq data.nnAvailabilitySEVA is implemented in the R/Bioconductor package GSReg.nnContactbahman@jhu.edu, favorov@sensi.org, ejfertig@jhmi.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Afsari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Considine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florea, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochs, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaykalova, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favorov, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fertig, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/091637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Splice Expression Variation Analysis (SEVA) for Differential Gene Isoform Usage in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A framework to interpret short tandem repeat variation in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying regions of the genome that are depleted of mutations can reveal potentially deleterious variants. Short tandem repeats (STRs), also known as microsatellites, are among the largest contributors of de novo mutations in humans and are implicated in a variety of human disorders. However, because of the challenges STRs pose to bioinformatics tools, per-locus studies of STR mutations have been limited to highly ascertained panels of several dozen loci. Here, we harnessed bioinformatics tools and a novel analytical framework to estimate mutation parameters for each STR in the human genome by correlating STR genotypes with local sequence heterozygosity. We applied our method to obtain robust estimates of the impact of local sequence features on mutation parameters and used this to create a framework for measuring constraint at STRs by comparing observed vs. expected mutation rates. Constraint scores identified known pathogenic variants with early onset effects. Our constraint metrics will provide a valuable tool for prioritizing pathogenic STRs in medical genetics studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willems, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erlich, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/092734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A framework to interpret short tandem repeat variation in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/094888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DataMed: Finding useful data across multiple biomedical data repositories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/094888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The value of broadening searches for data across multiple repositories has been identified by the biomedical research community. As part of the NIH Big Data to Knowledge initiative, we work with an international community of researchers, service providers and knowledge experts to develop and test a data index and search engine, which are based on metadata extracted from various datasets in a range of repositories. DataMed is designed to be, for data, what PubMed has been for the scientific literature. DataMed supports Findability and Accessibility of datasets. These characteristics - along with Interoperability and Reusability - compose the four FAIR principles to facilitate knowledge discovery in todays big data-intensive science landscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ohno-Machado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sansone, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fore, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Beltran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocca-Serra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soysal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>bioCADDIE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/094888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DataMed: Finding useful data across multiple biomedical data repositories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/095307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Blood flow directs arterial-venous remodeling through Notch activation and endothelial cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/095307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arteries and veins are formed independently by different types of endothelial cells (ECs). In vascular remodeling, arteries and veins become connected and some arteries become veins. It is unclear how ECs in transforming vessels change their type and how fates of individual vessels are determined. In embryonic trunk, vascular remodeling transforms arterial intersegmental vessels (ISVs) into a functional network of arteries and veins. We found that, once an ISV is connected to venous circulation, venous blood flow promotes upstream migration of ECs that results in displacement of arterial ECs by venous ECs, completing the transformation of this ISV into a vein without trans-differentiation of ECs. Arterial blood flow initiated in two neighboring ISVs prevents their transformation into veins by activating Notch signaling in ECs. Together, different responses of ECs to arterial and venous blood flow lead to the formation of a balanced network with equal numbers of arteries and veins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weijts, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saikin, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ablooglu, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tkachenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/095307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Blood flow directs arterial-venous remodeling through Notch activation and endothelial cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/097600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro reconstitution of T cell receptor-mediated segregation of the CD45 phosphatase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/097600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell signaling initiates upon binding of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) to the T cell receptor (TCR) on a T cell. TCR phosphorylation in response to pMHC binding is accompanied by segregation of the transmembrane phosphatase CD45 away from TCR-pMHC complexes. The kinetic segregation hypothesis proposes that CD45 exclusion shifts the local kinase-phosphatase balance to favor TCR phosphorylation. Spatial partitioning may arise from the size difference between the large CD45 extracellular domain and the smaller TCR-pMHC complex, although parsing potential contributions of extracellular protein size, actin activity, and lipid domains is difficult in living cells. Here, we reconstitute segregation of CD45 from bound receptor-ligand pairs using purified proteins on model membranes. Using a model receptor-ligand pair (FRB-FKBP), we first test physical and computational predictions for protein organization at membrane interfaces. We then show that the TCR-pMHC interaction causes partial exclusion of CD45. Comparing two developmentally-regulated isoforms of CD45, the larger RABC variant is excluded more rapidly and efficiently (~50%) than the smaller R0 isoform (~20%), suggesting that CD45 isotypes could regulate signaling thresholds in different T cell subtypes. Similar to the sensitivity of T cell signaling, TCR-pMHC interactions with Kds of [&le;]15 M were needed to exclude CD45. We further show that the co-receptor PD-1 with its ligand PD-L1, immunotherapy targets that inhibit T cell signaling, also exclude CD45. These results demonstrate that the binding energies of physiological receptor-ligand pairs on the T cell are sufficient to create spatial organization at membrane-membrane interfaces.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe interface between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell (APC) results in the formation of biochemically distinct plasma membrane domains that initiate signaling cascades. Here, using biochemical reconstitution and microscopy, we show that the binding energies of the TCRpMHC and PD-1-PD-L1 complexes are sufficient to create spatial organization at a model membrane-membrane interface. We show that spatial organization depends upon receptor-ligand binding affinity and the relative sizes of the extracellular domains. These biophysical parameters may be used to fine-tune signaling cascades in T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carbone, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vale, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/097600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro reconstitution of T cell receptor-mediated segregation of the CD45 phosphatase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Sequence, Structure and Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/098921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract.The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is descended from a corticoid receptor (CR), which has descendants in lamprey and hagfish, cyclostomes (jawless fish), a taxon that evolved at the base of the vertebrate line. A distinct MR and GR first appear in cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes), such as sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. Skate MR has a strong response to corticosteroids that are mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids in humans. The half-maximal responses (EC50s) for skate MR for the mineralocorticoids aldosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone are 0.07 nM and 0.03 nM, respectively. EC50s for the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone are 1 nM and 0.09 nM, respectively. The physiological mineralocorticoid in ray-finned fish, which do not synthesize aldosterone, is not fully understood because several 3-ketosteroids, including cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and progesterone are transcriptional activators of fish MR. Divergence of the MR and GR in terrestrial vertebrates, which synthesize aldosterone, led to increased selectivity of the MR for aldosterone, coupled with a diminished response to cortisol and corticosterone. Here, we combine sequence analysis of the CR and vertebrate MRs and GRs, analysis of crystal structures of human MR and GR and data on transcriptional activation by 3-ketosteroids of wild-type and mutant MRs and GRs to investigate the evolution of selectivity for 3-ketosteroids by the MR in terrestrial vertebrates and ray-finned fish, as well as the basis for binding of some glucocorticoids by human MR and other vertebrate MRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/098921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Sequence, Structure and Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/100305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Network Integration Approach for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction and Computational Drug Repositioning from Heterogeneous Information 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/100305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of large-scale genomic, chemical and pharmacological data provides new opportunities for drug discovery and repositioning. Systematic integration of these heterogeneous data not only serves as a promising tool for identifying new drug-target interactions (DTIs), which is an important step in drug development, but also provides a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug action. In this work, we integrate diverse drug-related information, including drugs, proteins, diseases and side-effects, together with their interactions, associations or similarities, to construct a heterogeneous network with 12,015 nodes and 1,895,445 edges. We then develop a new computational pipeline, called DTINet, to predict novel drug-target interactions from the constructed heterogeneous network. Specifically, DTINet focuses on learning a low-dimensional vector representation of features for each node, which accurately explains the topological properties of individual nodes in the heterogeneous network, and then predicts the likelihood of a new DTI based on these representations via a vector space projection scheme. DTINet achieves substantial performance improvement over other state-of-the-art methods for DTI prediction. Moreover, we have experimentally validated the novel interactions between three drugs and the cyclooxygenase (COX) protein family predicted by DTINet, and demonstrated the new potential applications of these identified COX inhibitors in preventing inflammatory diseases. These results indicate that DTINet can provide a practically useful tool for integrating heterogeneous information to predict new drug-target interactions and repurpose existing drugs. The source code of DTINet and the input heterogeneous network data can be downloaded from http://github.com/luoyunan/DTINet.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/100305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Network Integration Approach for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction and Computational Drug Repositioning from Heterogeneous Information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/100537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially periodic activation patterns of retrosplenial cortex encode route sub-spaces and distance travelled 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/100537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traversal of a complicated route is often facilitated by considering it as a set of related sub-spaces. Such compartmentalization processes could occur within retrosplenial cortex, a structure whose neurons simultaneously encode position within routes and other spatial coordinate systems. Here, retrosplenial cortex neurons were recorded as rats traversed a track having recurrent structure at multiple scales. Consistent with a major role in compartmentalization of complex routes, individual RSC neurons exhibited periodic activation patterns that repeated across route segments having the same shape. Concurrently, a larger population of RSC neurons exhibited single-cycle periodicity over the full route, effectively defining a framework for encoding of sub-route positions relative to the whole. The same population simultaneously provides a novel metric for distance from each route position to all others. Together, the findings implicate retrosplenial cortex in the extraction of path sub-spaces, the encoding of their spatial relationships to each other, and path integration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/100537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially periodic activation patterns of retrosplenial cortex encode route sub-spaces and distance travelled]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/102210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-generational silencing dynamics control cell aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/102210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular aging plays an important role in many diseases, such as cancers, metabolic syndromes and neurodegenerative disorders. There has been steady progress in identifying aging-related factors such as reactive oxygen species and genomic instability, yet an emerging challenge is to reconcile the contributions of these factors with the fact that genetically identical cells can age at significantly different rates. Such complexity requires single-cell analyses designed to unravel the interplay of aging dynamics and cell-to-cell variability. Here we use novel microfluidic technologies to track the replicative aging of single yeast cells and reveal that the temporal patterns of heterochromatin silencing loss regulate cellular lifespan. We found that cells show sporadic waves of silencing loss in the heterochromatic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) during the early phases of aging, followed by sustained loss of silencing preceding cell death. Isogenic cells have different lengths of the early intermittent silencing phase that largely determine their final lifespans. Combining computational modeling and experimental approaches, we found that the intermittent silencing dynamics is important for longevity and is dependent on the conserved Sir2 deacetylase, whereas either sustained silencing or sustained loss of silencing shortens lifespan. These findings reveal, for the first time, that the temporal patterns of a key molecular process can directly influence cellular aging and thus could provide guidance for the design of temporally controlled strategies to extend lifespan.nnSignificanceAging is an inevitable consequence of living, and with it comes increased morbidity and mortality. Novel approaches to mitigating age-related chronic diseases demand a better understanding of the biology of aging. Studies in model organisms have identified many conserved molecular factors that influence aging. The emerging challenge is to understand how these factors interact and change dynamically to drive aging. Using multidisciplinary technologies, we have revealed a sirtuin-dependent intermittent pattern of chromatin silencing during yeast aging that is crucial for longevity. Our findings highlight the important role of silencing dynamics in aging, which deserves careful consideration when designing schemes to delay or reverse aging by modulating sirtuins and silencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Laughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/102210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-generational silencing dynamics control cell aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
COBRAme: A Computational Framework for Building and Manipulating Models of Metabolism and Gene Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/106559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale models of metabolism and macromolecular expression (ME-models) explicitly compute the optimal proteome composition of a growing cell. ME-models expand upon the well-established genome-scale models of metabolism (M-models), and they enable new and exciting insights that are fundamental to understanding the basis of cellular growth. ME-models have increased predictive capabilities and accuracy due to their inclusion of the biosynthetic costs for the machinery of life, but they come with a significant increase in model size and complexity. This challenge results in models which are both difficult to compute and challenging to understand conceptually. As a result, ME-models exist for only two organisms (Escherichia coli and Thermotoga maritima) and are still used by relatively few researchers. To address these challenges, we have developed a new software framework called COBRAme for building and simulating ME-models. It is coded in Python and built on COBRApy, a popular platform for using M-models. COBRAme streamlines computation and analysis of ME-models. It provides tools to simplify constructing and editing ME-models to enable ME-model reconstructions for new organisms. We used COBRAme to reconstruct a condensed E. coli ME-model called iJL1678b-ME. This reformulated model gives virtually identical solutions to previous E. coli ME-models while using [1/4] the number of free variables and solving in less than 10 minutes, a marked improvement over the 6 hour solve time of previous ME-model formulations. This manuscript outlines the architecture of COBRAme and demonstrates how ME-models can be reconstructed and edited most efficiently using the software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catoiu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/106559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[COBRAme: A Computational Framework for Building and Manipulating Models of Metabolism and Gene Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-tissue polygenic models for transcriptome-wide association studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/107623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I.Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have proven to be a powerful tool to identify genes associated with human diseases by aggregating cis-regulatory effects on gene expression. However, TWAS relies on building predictive models of gene expression, which are sensitive to the sample size and tissue on which they are trained. The Gene Tissue Expression Project has produced reference transcriptomes across 53 human tissues and cell types; however, the data is highly sparse, making it difficult to build polygenic models in relevant tissues for TWAS. Here, we propose fQTL, a multi-tissue, multivariate model for mapping expression quantitative trait loci and predicting gene expression. Our model decomposes eQTL effects into SNP-specific and tissue-specific components, pooling information across relevant tissues to effectively boost sample sizes. In simulation, we demonstrate that our multi-tissue approach outperforms single-tissue approaches in identifying causal eQTLs and tissues of action. Using our method, we fit polygenic models for 13,461 genes, characterized the tissue-specificity of the learned cis-eQTLs, and performed TWAS for Alzheimers disease and schizophrenia, identifying 107 and 382 associated genes, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhutani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/107623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-tissue polygenic models for transcriptome-wide association studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone H3 Lysine 4 methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4 Modulate Long-range Chromatin Interactions at Enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/110239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells depends on long-range chromatin interactions between enhancers and promoters. Currently, the exact mechanisms that connect distal enhancers to their specific target promoters remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the histone H3 Lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) writer proteins MLL3 and MLL4 (MLL3/4) play an active role in this process. We demonstrate that in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells, MLL3/4-dependent deposition of H3K4me1 at enhancers correlates with increased levels of chromatin interactions, whereas loss of MLL3/4 leads to greatly reduced frequencies of chromatin interactions and failure of lineage-specific gene expression programs. We further show that H3K4me1 facilitates recruitment of the Cohesin complex to chromatin in vitro and in vivo, providing a potential mechanism for MLL3/4 to promote chromatin looping. Taken together, our results support an active role for MLL3/4 in modulating chromatin organization at enhancers in mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Local, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/110239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone H3 Lysine 4 methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4 Modulate Long-range Chromatin Interactions at Enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SV2: Accurate Structural Variation Genotyping and De Novo Mutation Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/113498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationStructural Variation (SV) detection from short-read whole genome sequencing is error prone, presenting significant challenges for population or family-based studies of disease.nnResultsHere we describe SV2, a machine-learning algorithm for genotyping deletions and duplications from paired-end sequencing data. SV2 can rapidly integrate variant calls from multiple structural variant discovery algorithms into a unified call set with high genotyping accuracy and capability to detect de novo mutations.nnAvailability and ImplementationSV2 is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/dantaki/SV2)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandler, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/113498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SV2: Accurate Structural Variation Genotyping and De Novo Mutation Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifiers for the 21st century:How to design, provision, and reuse persistent identifiers to maximize utility and impact of life science data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/117812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many disciplines, data is highly decentralized across thousands of online databases (repositories, registries, and knowledgebases). Wringing value from such databases depends on the discipline of data science and on the humble bricks and mortar that make integration possible; identifiers are a core component of this integration infrastructure. Drawing on our experience and on work by other groups, we outline ten lessons we have learned about the identifier qualities and best practices that facilitate large-scale data integration. Specifically, we propose actions that identifier practitioners (database providers) should take in the design, provision and reuse of identifiers; we also outline important considerations for those referencing identifiers in various circumstances, including by authors and data generators. While the importance and relevance of each lesson will vary by context, there is a need for increased awareness about how to avoid and manage common identifier problems, especially those related to persistence and web-accessibility/resolvability. We focus strongly on web-based identifiers in the life sciences; however, the principles are broadly relevant to other disciplines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McMurry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burdett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conlin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumontier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellows, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Beltran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gormanns, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hastings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermjakob, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heriche, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ison, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jupp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunze, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laibe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Novere, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEntyre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muilu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocca-Serra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sansone, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sariyar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snoep, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soiland-Reyes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swainston, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wimalaratne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winfree, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolstencroft, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goble, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mungall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/117812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifiers for the 21st century:How to design, provision, and reuse persistent identifiers to maximize utility and impact of life science data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/118737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preservation of Chromatin Organization after Acute Loss of CTCF in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/118737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is widely regarded as a key player in chromosome organization in mammalian cells, yet direct assessment of the impact of loss of CTCF on genome architecture has been difficult due to its essential role in cell proliferation and early embryogenesis. Here, using auxin-inducible degron techniques to acutely deplete CTCF in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that cell growth is severely slowed yet chromatin organization remains largely intact after loss of CTCF. Depletion of CTCF reduces interactions between chromatin loop anchors, diminishes occupancy of cohesin complex genome-wide, and slightly weakens topologically associating domain (TAD) structure, but the active and inactive chromatin compartments are maintained and the vast majority of TAD boundaries persist. Furthermore, transcriptional regulation and histone marks associated with enhancers are broadly unchanged upon CTCF depletion. Our results suggest CTCF-independent mechanisms in maintenance of chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/118737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preservation of Chromatin Organization after Acute Loss of CTCF in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/125229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepBound: Accurate Identification of Transcript Boundaries via Deep Convolutional Neural Fields 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/125229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationReconstructing the full-length expressed transcripts (a.k.a. the transcript assembly problem) from the short sequencing reads produced by RNA-seq protocol plays a central role in identifying novel genes and transcripts as well as in studying gene expressions and gene functions. A crucial step in transcript assembly is to accurately determine the splicing junctions and boundaries of the expressed transcripts from the reads alignment. In contrast to the splicing junctions that can be efficiently detected from spliced reads, the problem of identifying boundaries remains open and challenging, due to the fact that the signal related to boundaries is noisy and weak.nnResultsWe present DeepBound, an effective approach to identify boundaries of expressed transcripts from RNA-seq reads alignment. In its core DeepBound employs deep convolutional neural fields to learn the hidden distributions and patterns of boundaries. To accurately model the transition probabilities and to solve the label-imbalance problem, we novelly incorporate the AUC (area under the curve) score into the optimizing objective function. To address the issue that deep probabilistic graphical models requires large number of labeled training samples, we propose to use simulated RNA-seq datasets to train our model. Through extensive experimental studies on both simulation datasets of two species and biological datasets, we show that DeepBound consistently and significantly outperforms the two existing methods.nnAvailabilityDeepBound is freely available at https://github.com/realbigws/DeepBound.nnContactmingfu.shao@cs.cmu.edu, realbigws@gmail.com
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/125229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepBound: Accurate Identification of Transcript Boundaries via Deep Convolutional Neural Fields]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Protein Binding Affinity With Word EmbeddingsAnd Recurrent Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
At the core of our immunological system lies a group of proteins named Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), to which epitopes (also proteins sometimes named antigenic determinants), bind to eliciting a response. These responses are extremely varied and of widely different nature. For instance, Killer and Helper T cells are responsible for, respectively, counteracting viral pathogens and tumorous cells. Many other types exist, but their underlying structure can be very similar due to the fact that they all are proteins and bind to the MHC receptor in a similar fashion. With this framework in mind, being able to predict with precision the structure of a protein that will elicit a specific response in the human body represents a novel computational approach to drug discovery. Although many machine learning approaches have been used, no attempt to solve this problem using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) exist. We extend the current efforts in the field by applying a variety of network architectures based on RNNs and word embeddings (WE). The code is freely available and under current development at https://github.com/carlomazzaferro/mhcPreds
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazzaferro, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/128223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Protein Binding Affinity With Word EmbeddingsAnd Recurrent Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Single-Cell Analysis By Transcriptional And Epigenetic States In Human Adult Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/128520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detailed characterization of the cell types comprising the highly complex human brain is essential to understanding its function. Such tasks require highly scalable experimental approaches to examine different aspects of the molecular state of individual cells, as well as the computational integration to produce unified cell state annotations. Here we report the development of two highly scalable methods (snDrop-Seq and scTHS-Seq), that we have used to acquire nuclear transcriptome and DNA accessibility maps for thousands of single cells from the human adult visual and frontal cortex. This has led to the best-resolved human neuronal subtypes to date, identification of a majority of the non-neuronal cell types, as well as the cell-type specific nuclear transcriptome and DNA accessibility maps. Integrative analysis allowed us to identify transcription factors and regulatory elements shaping the state of different brain cell types, and to map genetic risk factors of human brain common diseases to specific pathogenic cell types and subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaeser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/128520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Single-Cell Analysis By Transcriptional And Epigenetic States In Human Adult Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating Degree Of Polygenicity, Causal Effect Size Variance, And Confounding Bias In GWAS Summary Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estimating the polygenicity (proportion of causally associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) and discoverability (effect size variance) of causal SNPs for human traits is currently of considerable interest. SNP-heritability is proportional to the product of these quantities. We present a basic model, using detailed linkage disequilibrium structure from an extensive reference panel, to estimate these quantities from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics. We apply the model to diverse phenotypes and validate the implementation with simulations. We find model polygenicities ranging from [~=] 2 x 10-5 to [~=] 4 x 10-3, with discoverabilities similarly ranging over two orders of magnitude. A power analysis allows us to estimate the proportions of phenotypic variance explained additively by causal SNPs reaching genome-wide significance at current sample sizes, and map out sample sizes required to explain larger portions of additive SNP heritability. The model also allows for estimating residual inflation (or deflation from over-correcting of z-scores), and assessing compatibility of replication and discovery GWAS summary statistics.

Author SummaryThere are ~10 million common variants in the genome of humans with European ancestry. For any particular phenotype a number of these variants will have some causal effect. It is of great interest to be able to quantify the number of these causal variants and the strength of their effect on the phenotype.

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) produce very noisy summary statistics for the association between subsets of common variants and phenotypes. For any phenotype, these statistics collectively are difficult to interpret, but buried within them is the true landscape of causal effects. In this work, we posit a probability distribution for the causal effects, and assess its validity using simulations. Using a detailed reference panel of ~11 million common variants - among which only a small fraction are likely to be causal, but allowing for non-causal variants to show an association with the phenotype due to correlation with causal variants - we implement an exact procedure for estimating the number of causal variants and their mean strength of association with the phenotype. We find that, across different phenotypes, both these quantities - whose product allows for lower bound estimates of heritability - vary by orders of magnitude.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ENIGMA,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/133132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating Degree Of Polygenicity, Causal Effect Size Variance, And Confounding Bias In GWAS Summary Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BugBase Predicts Organism Level Microbiome Phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shotgun metagenomics and marker gene amplicon sequencing can be used to directly measure or predict the functional repertoire of the microbiota en masse, but current methods do not readily estimate the functional capability of individual microorganisms. Here we present BugBase, an algorithm that predicts organism-level coverage of functional pathways as well as biologically interpretable phenotypes such as oxygen tolerance, Gram staining and pathogenic potential, within complex microbiomes using either whole-genome shotgun or marker gene sequencing data. We find BugBases organism-level pathway coverage predictions to be statistically higher powered than current  bag-of-genes approaches for discerning functional changes in both host-associated and environmental microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ward, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meulemans, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidiropoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caporaso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blekhman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knights, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/133462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BugBase Predicts Organism Level Microbiome Phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133538v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision Medicine Screening Using Whole Genome Sequencing And Advanced Imaging To Identify Disease Risk In Adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/133538v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDProgress in science and technology have created the capabilities and alternatives to symptom-driven medical care. Reducing premature mortality associated with age-related chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is an urgent priority we address using advanced screening detection.nnMETHODSWe enrolled active adults for early detection of risk for age-related chronic disease associated with premature mortality. Whole genome sequencing together with: global metabolomics, 3D/4D imaging using non-contrast whole body magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography, and 2-week cardiac monitoring were employed to detect age-related chronic diseases and risk for diseases.nnRESULTSWe detected previously unrecognized age-related chronic diseases requiring prompt (<30 days) medical attention in 17 (8%, 1:12) of 209 study participants, including 4 participants with early stage neoplasms (2%, 1:50). Likely mechanistic genomic findings correlating with clinical data were identified in 52 participants (25%. 1:4). More than three-quarters of participants (n=164, 78%, 3:4) had evidence of age-related chronic diseases or associated risk factors.nnCONCLUSIONSPrecision medicine screening using genomics with other advanced clinical data among active adults identified unsuspected disease risks for age-related chronic diseases associated with premature mortality. This technology-driven phenotype screening approach has the potential to extend healthy life among active adults through improved early detection and prevention of age-related chronic diseases. Our success provides a scalable strategy to move medical practice and discovery toward risk detection and disease modification thus achieving healthier extension of life.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdvances in science and technology have enabled scientists to analyze the human genome cost-effectively and to combine genome sequencing with noninvasive imaging technologies for alternatives to symptom-driven medical care. Using whole genome sequencing and noninvasive 3D/4D imaging technologies we screened 209 adults to detect age-related chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. We found unrecognized age-related chronic diseases requiring prompt (<30 days) medical attention in 1:12 study participants, likely genomic findings correlating with clinical data in 1:4 participants, and evidence of age-related chronic diseases or associated risk factors in more than 3 of 4 participants. These results demonstrate that genome sequencing with clinical imaging data can be used for screening and early detection of diseases associated with premature mortality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perkins, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caskey, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dec, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karow, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeldt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coughlin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hands, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavrenko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Procko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittmann, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewerton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggs, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turpaz, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venter, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/133538</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision Medicine Screening Using Whole Genome Sequencing And Advanced Imaging To Identify Disease Risk In Adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MutPred2: inferring the molecular and phenotypic impact of amino acid variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce MutPred2, a tool that improves the prioritization of pathogenic amino acid substitutions, generates molecular mechanisms potentially causative of disease, and returns interpretable pathogenicity score distributions on individual genomes. While its prioritization performance is state-of-the-art, a novel and distinguishing feature of MutPred2 is the probabilistic modeling of variant impact on specific aspects of protein structure and function that can serve to guide experimental studies of phenotype-altering variants. We demonstrate the utility of MutPred2 in the identification of the structural and functional mutational signatures relevant to Mendelian disorders and the prioritization of de novo mutations associated with complex neurodevelopmental disorders. We then experimentally validate the functional impact of several variants identified in patients with such disorders. We argue that mechanism-driven studies of human inherited diseases have the potential to significantly accelerate the discovery of clinically actionable variants.nnAvailability: http://mutpred.mutdb.org/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pejaver, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urresti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lugo-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagel, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mort, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radivojac, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MutPred2: inferring the molecular and phenotypic impact of amino acid variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-Accurate Genome Sequencing And Haplotyping Of Single Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/135384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate detection of variants and long-range haplotypes in genomes of single human cells remains very challenging. Common approaches require extensive in vitro amplification of genomes of individual cells using DNA polymerases and high-throughput short-read DNA sequencing. These approaches have two notable drawbacks. First, polymerase replication errors could generate tens of thousands of false positive calls per genome. Second, relatively short sequence reads contain little to no haplotype information. Here we report a method, which is dubbed SISSOR (Single-Stranded Sequencing using micrOfluidic Reactors), for accurate single-cell genome sequencing and haplotyping. A microfluidic processor is used to separate the Watson and Crick strands of the double-stranded chromosomal DNA in a single cell and to randomly partition megabase-size DNA strands into multiple nanoliter compartments for amplification and construction of barcoded libraries for sequencing. The separation and partitioning of large single-stranded DNA fragments of the homologous chromosome pairs allows for the independent sequencing of each of the complementary and homologous strands. This enables the assembly of long haplotypes and reduction of sequence errors by using the redundant sequence information and haplotype-based error removal. We demonstrated the ability to sequence single-cell genomes with error rates as low as 10-8 and average 500kb long DNA fragments that can be assembled into haplotype contigs with N50 greater than 7Mb. The performance could be further improved with more uniform amplification and more accurate sequence alignment. The ability to obtain accurate genome sequences and haplotype information from single cells will enable applications of genome sequencing for diverse clinical needs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edge, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/135384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-Accurate Genome Sequencing And Haplotyping Of Single Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/136564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Untangling The Gene-Epigenome Networks: Timing Of Epigenetic Regulation Of Gene Expression In Acquired Cetuximab Resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/136564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDTargeted therapies specifically act by blocking the activity of proteins that are encoded by genes critical for tumorigenesis. However, most cancers acquire resistance and long-term disease remission is rarely observed. Understanding the time course of molecular changes responsible for the development of acquired resistance could enable optimization of patients treatment options. Clinically, acquired therapeutic resistance can only be studied at a single time point in resistant tumors. To determine the dynamics of these molecular changes, we obtained high throughput omics data weekly during the development of cetuximab resistance in a head and neck cancer in vitro model.nnRESULTSAn unsupervised algorithm, CoGAPS, was used to quantify the evolving transcriptional and epigenetic changes. Applying a PatternMarker statistic to the results from CoGAPS enabled novel heatmap-based visualization of the dynamics in these time course omics data. We demonstrate that transcriptional changes result from immediate therapeutic response or resistance, whereas epigenetic alterations only occur with resistance. Integrated analysis demonstrates delayed onset of changes in DNA methylation relative to transcription, suggesting that resistance is stabilized epigenetically.nnCONCLUSIONSGenes with epigenetic alterations associated with resistance that have concordant expression changes are hypothesized to stabilize resistance. These genes include FGFR1, which was associated with EGFR inhibitor resistance previously. Thus, integrated omics analysis distinguishes the timing of molecular drivers of resistance. Our findings provide a relevant towards better understanding of the time course progression of changes resulting in acquired resistance to targeted therapies. This is an important contribution to the development of alternative treatment strategies that would introduce new drugs before the resistant phenotype develops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stein-O'Brien, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagohara, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranaweera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Considine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favorov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danilova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izumchenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaykalova, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fertig, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/136564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Untangling The Gene-Epigenome Networks: Timing Of Epigenetic Regulation Of Gene Expression In Acquired Cetuximab Resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gaussian Curvature Directs The Distribution Of Spontaneous Curvature On Bilayer Membrane Necks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/137091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formation of membrane necks is crucial for fission and fusion in lipid bilayers. In this work, we seek to answer the following fundamental question: what is the relationship between protein-induced spontaneous mean curvature and the Gaussian curvature at a membrane neck? Using an augmented Helfrich model for lipid bilayers to include membrane-protein interaction, we solve the shape equation on catenoids to find the field of spontaneous curvature that satisfies mechanical equilibrium of membrane necks. In this case, the shape equation reduces to a variable coefficient Helmholtz equation for spontaneous curvature, where the source term is proportional to the Gaussian curvature. We show how this latter quantity is responsible for non-uniform distribution of spontaneous curvature in minimal surfaces. We then explore the energetics of catenoids with different spontaneous curvature boundary conditions and geometric asymmetries to show how heterogeneities in spontaneous curvature distribution can couple with Gaussian curvature to result in membrane necks of different geometries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chabanon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/137091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gaussian Curvature Directs The Distribution Of Spontaneous Curvature On Bilayer Membrane Necks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/139121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding The Computable Reactome In Pseudomonas putida Reveals Metabolic Cycles Providing Robustness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/139121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale network reconstructions are organism-specific representations of metabolism and powerful tools for analyzing systemic metabolic properties. The use of reconstructions is limited by the lack of coverage of the metabolic reactome. We present an exhaustive and validated reconstruction of the biotechnologically relevant bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440, greatly expanding its computable metabolic states. The reconstruction, iJN1411, represents a significant expansion over other reconstructed bacterial metabolic networks. Computations based on the reconstruction exhibit high accuracy in predicting nutrient sources, growth rates, carbon flux distributions, and gene essentiality, thus providing a deep understanding of Pseudomonas metabolism. iJN1411 was used for: i) the assessment of the metabolic capabilities of P. putida as a species through multi-strain modeling, ii) deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic robustness, and iii) identification of metabolic "capacitors" based on ATP-fueled metabolic cycles. This study represents the most complete and comprehensive bacterial metabolic reconstruction built to date, while providing computational and experimental evidence about how bacteria increase metabolic robustness, paving the way for engineering more robust biocatalysts and searching for drug targets in robust pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nogales, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudmundsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/139121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding The Computable Reactome In Pseudomonas putida Reveals Metabolic Cycles Providing Robustness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/143743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Human Cytoplasmic Dynein Interactome Reveals Novel Activators Of Motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/143743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In human cells, cytoplasmic dynein-1 is essential for long-distance transport of many cargos, including organelles, RNAs, proteins, and viruses, towards microtubule minus ends. To understand how a single motor achieves cargo specificity, we identified the human dynein interactome or "transportome" by attaching a promiscuous biotin ligase ("BioID") to seven components of the dynein machinery, including a subunit of the essential cofactor dynactin. This method reported spatial information about the large cytosolic dynein/dynactin complex in living cells. To achieve maximal motile activity and to bind its cargos, human dynein/dynactin requires "activators", of which only five have been described. We developed methods to identify new activators in our BioID data, and discovered that ninein and ninein-like are a new family of dynein activators. Analysis of the protein interactomes for six activators, including ninein and ninein-like, suggests that each dynein activator has multiple cargos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Redwine, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSantis, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollyer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Htet, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/143743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Human Cytoplasmic Dynein Interactome Reveals Novel Activators Of Motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetics of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): genome-wide association study of delay discounting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/146936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delay discounting (DD), which is the tendency to discount the value of delayed versus current rewards, is elevated in a constellation of diseases and behavioral conditions. We performed a genome-wide association study of DD using 23,127 research participants of European ancestry. The most significantly associated SNP was rs6528024 (P = 2.40 x 10-8), which is located in an intron of the gene GPM6B. We also showed that 12% of the variance in DD was accounted for by genotype, and that the genetic signature of DD overlapped with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, smoking, personality, cognition, and body weight.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>- The 23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abecasis, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKillop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/146936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetics of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): genome-wide association study of delay discounting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in 20,328 research participants of European ancestry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/147397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic factors contribute to the risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In collaboration with the genetics company 23andMe, Inc., we performed a genome-wide association (GWAS) study of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), an instrument designed to screen for alcohol misuse over the past year. Our final sample consisted of 20,328 research participants of European ancestry (55.3% females; mean age = 53.8, SD = 16.1) who reported ever using alcohol. Our results showed that the  chip-heritability of AUDIT score, when treated as a continuous phenotype, was 12%. No loci reached genome-wide significance. The gene ADH1C, which has been previously implicated in AUD, was among our most significant associations (4.4 x 10-7; rs141973904). We also detected a suggestive association on chromosome 1 (2.1 x 10-7; rs182344113) near the gene KCNJ9, which has been implicated in mouse models of high ethanol drinking. Using LD score regression, we identified positive genetic correlations between AUDIT score and AUD, high alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. We also observed an unexpected positive genetic correlation between AUDIT and educational attainment, and additional unexpected negative correlations with BMI/obesity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conclude that conducting a genetic study using data from a population unselected for AUD and responding to an online questionnaire may represent a cost-effective strategy for elucidating the etiology of AUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>- the 23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKillop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/147397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores in 20,328 research participants of European ancestry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guanine-nucleotide Exchange Modulator, GIV/Girdin, Serves as a Tunable Valve for Growth Factor-Stimulated Cyclic AMP Signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular levels of the versatile second messenger, cyclic-(c)AMP are regulated by the antagonistic actions of the canonical G protein[-&gt;]adenylyl cyclase pathway that is initiated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and by phosphodiesterases (PDEs); dysregulated cAMP signaling drives many diseases, including cancers. Recently, an alternative paradigm for cAMP signaling has emerged, in which growth factor-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; e.g., EGFR) access and modulate G proteins via cytosolic guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM), GIV/Girdin; dysregulation of this pathway is frequently encountered in cancers. Here we present a comprehensive network-based compartmental model for the paradigm of GEM-dependent signaling that reveals unforeseen crosstalk and network dynamics between upstream events and the various feedback-loops that fine-tune the GEM action of GIV, and captures the experimentally determined dynamics of cAMP. The model also reveals that GIV acts a tunable control-valve within the RTK[-&gt;]cAMP pathway; hence, it modulates cAMP via mechanisms distinct from the two most-often targeted classes of cAMP modulators, GPCRs and PDEs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Getz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/149781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guanine-nucleotide Exchange Modulator, GIV/Girdin, Serves as a Tunable Valve for Growth Factor-Stimulated Cyclic AMP Signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of traction in membrane curvature generation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Curvature of biological membranes can be generated by a variety of molecular mechanisms including protein scaffolding, compositional heterogeneity, and cytoskeletal forces. These mechanisms have the net effect of generating tractions (force per unit length) on the bilayer that are translated into distinct shapes of the membrane. Here, we demonstrate how the local shape of the membrane can be used to infer the traction acting locally on the membrane. We show that buds and tubes, two common membrane deformations studied in trafficking processes, have different traction distributions along the membrane and that these tractions are specific to the molecular mechanism used to generate these shapes. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of an axial force applied to the membrane as well as that of an effective line tension can be calculated from these tractions. Finally, we consider the sensitivity of these quantities with respect to uncertainties in material properties and follow with a discussion on sources of uncertainty in membrane shape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassinger, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/157313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of traction in membrane curvature generation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/159137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single nucleus analysis of the chromatin landscape in mouse forebrain development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/159137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility in primary tissues has uncovered millions of candidate regulatory sequences in the human and mouse genomes1-4. However, the heterogeneity of biological samples used in previous studies has prevented a precise understanding of the dynamic chromatin landscape in specific cell types. Here, we show that analysis of the transposase-accessible-chromatin in single nuclei isolated from frozen tissue samples can resolve cellular heterogeneity and delineate transcriptional regulatory sequences in the constituent cell types. Our strategy is based on a combinatorial barcoding assisted single cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin5 and is optimized for nuclei from flash-frozen primary tissue samples (snATAC-seq). We used this method to examine the mouse forebrain at seven development stages and in adults. From snATAC-seq profiles of more than 15,000 high quality nuclei, we identify 20 distinct cell populations corresponding to major neuronal and non-neuronal cell-types in foetal and adult forebrains. We further define cell-type specific cis regulatory sequences and infer potential master transcriptional regulators of each cell population. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a general approach for identifying cell-type-specific cis regulatory sequences in heterogeneous tissue samples, and provide a rich resource for understanding forebrain development in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raviram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sos, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/159137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single nucleus analysis of the chromatin landscape in mouse forebrain development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/159830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common Piezo1 allele in African populations causes xerocytosis and attenuates Plasmodium infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/159830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hereditary xerocytosis (HX) is thought to be a rare genetic condition characterized by red blood cell (RBC) dehydration with mild hemolysis. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in mechanosensitive Piezo1 ion channels are identified in HX patients. RBC dehydration is linked to reduced Plasmodium infection rates in vitro. We engineered a Piezo1 mouse model of HX and show that Plasmodium infection fails to cause experimental cerebral malaria in these mice. Furthermore, we identified a novel GOF human Piezo1 variant, E756del, present in a third of African population. Remarkably, RBCs from individuals carrying this allele are dehydrated and protected against Plasmodium infection in vitro. The presence of an HX-causing Piezo1 mutation at such high frequencies in African population is surprising, and suggests an association with malaria resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahalan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMonte, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paytas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grubaugh, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukacs, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitwam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honore, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wengelnik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patapoutian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/159830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common Piezo1 allele in African populations causes xerocytosis and attenuates Plasmodium infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/162768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid and scalable preparation of bacterial lysates for cell-free gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/162768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-free gene expression systems are emerging as an important platform for a diverse range of synthetic biology and biotechnology applications, including production of robust field-ready biosensors. Here, we combine programmed cellular autolysis with a freeze-thaw or freeze-dry cycle to create a practical, reproducible, and a labor- and cost-effective approach for rapid production of bacterial lysates for cell-free gene expression. Using this method, ro-bust and highly active bacterial cell lysates can be produced without specialized equipment at a wide range of scales, making cell-free gene expression easily and broadly accessible. More-over, live autolysis strain can be freeze-dried directly and subsequently lysed upon rehydration to produce active lysate. We demonstrate the utility of autolysates for synthetic biology by reg-ulating protein production and degradation, implementing quorum sensing, and showing quan-titative protection of linear DNA templates by GamS protein. To allow versatile and sensitive {beta}-galactosidase (LacZ) based readout we produce autolysates with no detectable background LacZ activity and use them to produce sensitive mercury(II) biosensors with LacZ-mediated colorimetric and fluorescent outputs. The autolysis approach can facilitate wider adoption of cell-free technology for cell-free gene expression as well as other synthetic biology and biotechnology applications, such as metabolic engineering, natural product biosynthesis, or proteomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Didovyk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonooka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/162768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid and scalable preparation of bacterial lysates for cell-free gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the synaptic mechanisms that tune CA3-CA1 reactivation during sharp-wave ripples. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/164699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During non-REM sleep, memory consolidation is driven by a dialogue between hippocampus and cortex involving the reactivation of specific neural activity sequences ( replay). In the hippocampus, replay occurs during sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), short bouts of excitatory activity in area CA3 which induce high frequency oscillations in the inhibitory interneurons of area CA1. Despite growing evidence for the functional importance of replay, its neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a novel theoretical model of hippocampal spiking during SWRs. In our model, noise-induced activation of CA3 pyramidal cells triggered an excitatory cascade capable of inducing local ripple events in CA1. Ripples occurred stochastically, with Schaffer Collaterals driving their coordination, so that localized sharp waves in CA3 produced consistently localized CA1 ripples. In agreement with experimental data, the majority of pyramidal cells in the model showed low reactivation probabilities across SWRs. We found, however, that a subpopulation of pyramidal cells had high reactivation probabilities, which derived from fine-tuning of the network connectivity. In particular, the excitatory inputs along synaptic pathway(s) converging onto cells and cell pairs controlled emergent single cell and cell pair reactivation, with inhibitory inputs and intrinsic cell excitability playing differential roles in CA3 vs. CA1. Our model predicts (1) that the hippocampal network structure driving the emergence of SWR is also able to generate and modulate reactivation, (2) inhibition plays a particularly prominent role in CA3 reactivation and (3) CA1 sequence reactivation is reliant on CA3-CA1 interactions rather than an intrinsic CA1 process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malerba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/164699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the synaptic mechanisms that tune CA3-CA1 reactivation during sharp-wave ripples.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal DNA Methylome Dynamics of the Developing Mammalian Fetus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic studies have revealed an essential role for cytosine DNA methylation in mammalian development. However, its spatiotemporal distribution in the developing embryo remains obscure. Here, we profiled the methylome landscapes of 12 mouse tissues/organs at 8 developmental stages spanning from early embryogenesis to birth. Indepth analysis of these spatiotemporal epigenome maps systematically delineated ~2 million methylation variant regions and uncovered widespread methylation dynamics at nearly one-half million tissue-specific enhancers, whose human counterparts were enriched for variants involved in genetic diseases. Strikingly, these predicted regulatory elements predominantly lose CG methylation during fetal development, whereas the trend is reversed after birth. Accumulation of non-CG methylation within gene bodies of key developmental transcription factors coincided with their transcriptional repression during later stages of fetal development. These spatiotemporal epigenomic maps provide a valuable resource for studying gene regulation during mammalian tissue/organ progression and for pinpointing regulatory elements involved in human developmental diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trout, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amrhein, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal DNA Methylome Dynamics of the Developing Mammalian Fetus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems-level identification of transcription factors critical for mouse embryonic development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic changes in the transcriptional regulatory circuit can influence the specification of distinct cell types. Numerous transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to function through dynamic rewiring during embryonic development but a comprehensive survey on the global regulatory network is still lacking. Here, we performed an integrated analysis of epigenomic and transcriptomic data to reveal key regulators from 2 cells to postnatal day 0 in mouse embryogenesis. We predicted 3D chromatin interactions including enhancer-promoter interactions in 12 tissues across 8 developmental stages, which facilitates linking TFs to their target genes for constructing genetic networks. To identify driver TFs particularly those not necessarily differentially expressed ones, we developed a new algorithm, dubbed as Taiji, to assess the global importance of TFs in development. Through comparative analysis across tissues and developmental stages, we systematically uncovered TFs that are critical for lineage-specific and stage-dependent tissue specification. Most interestingly, we have identified TF combinations that function in spatiotemporal order to form transcriptional waves regulating developmental progress and differentiation. Not only does our analysis provide the first comprehensive map of transcriptional regulatory circuits during mouse embryonic development, the identified novel regulators and the predicted 3D chromatin interactions also provide a valuable resource to guide further mechanistic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/167197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems-level identification of transcription factors critical for mouse embryonic development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomewide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder that features episodes of mania and depression. We performed the largest genome-wide association study to date, including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 sentinel variants at loci with P<1x10-4 in an independent sample of 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. In the combined analysis, 30 loci reached genome-wide significant evidence for association, of which 20 were novel. These significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels and neurotransmitter transporters (CACNA1C, GRIN2A, SCN2A, SLC4A1), synaptic components (RIMS1, ANK3), immune and energy metabolism components. Bipolar disorder type I (depressive and manic episodes; ~73% of our cases) is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia whereas bipolar disorder type II (depressive and hypomanic episodes; ~17% of our cases) is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential new biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stahl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forstner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuillin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ophoff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsoe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/173062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomewide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Architecture of Subcortical Brain Structures in Over 40,000 Individuals Worldwide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/173831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions, and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in over 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and the UK-Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 25 significantly associated loci (20 novel). Annotation of these loci utilizing gene expression, methylation, and neuropathological data identified 62 candidate genes implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Satizabal, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, H. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibar, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargurupremraj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teumer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lee, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanek, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eicher, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrivieres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias-Vasquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athanasiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Braber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloszewska, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espeseth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramovic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milaneschi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papmeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelsson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrlich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roi</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/173831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Architecture of Subcortical Brain Structures in Over 40,000 Individuals Worldwide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/176024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative analysis of large scale transcriptome data draws a comprehensive landscape of Phaeodactylum tricornutum functional genome and evolutionary origin of diatoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/176024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diatoms are one of the most successful and ecologically important groups of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the modern ocean. Deciphering their genomes is a key step towards better understanding of their biological innovations, evolutionary origins, and ecological underpinnings. Here, we have used 90 RNA-Seq datasets from different growth conditions combined with published expressed sequence tags and protein sequences from multiple taxa to explore the genome of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and introduce 1,489 novel genes. The new annotation additionally permitted the discovery for the first time of extensive alternative splicing (AS) in diatoms, including intron retention and exon skipping which increases the diversity of transcripts to regulate gene expression in response to nutrient limitations. In addition, we have used up-to-date reference sequence libraries to dissect the taxonomic origins of diatom genomes. We show that the P. tricornutum genome is replete in lineage-specific genes, with up to 47% of the gene models present only possessing orthologues in other stramenopile groups. Finally, we have performed a comprehensive de novo annotation of repetitive elements showing novel classes of TEs such as SINE, MITE, LINE and TRIM/LARD. This work provides a solid foundation for future studies of diatom gene function, evolution and ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rastogi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maheswari, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrell, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maumus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha Jimenez Vieira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kustka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kersey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirichine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/176024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative analysis of large scale transcriptome data draws a comprehensive landscape of Phaeodactylum tricornutum functional genome and evolutionary origin of diatoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand-regulated entry into the HRD ERAD pathway: The dark side of allostery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/177311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) undergoes regulated degradation as part of feedback control of the sterol pathway. In yeast the stability of the Hmg2 isozyme of HMGR is controlled by the 20 carbon isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP): increasing levels of GGPP causes more efficient degradation by the HRD pathway, allowing feedback regulation of HMGR. The HRD pathway is a conserved quality control pathway critical for the ER-associated degradation of misfolded ER proteins. We have explored the action of GGPP in HRD-dependent Hmg2 degradation. GGPP was highly potent as a regulatory molecule in vivo, and in vitro, GGPP altered Hmg2 folding at nanomolar concentrations. These effects of GGPP were absent in a variety of stabilized or non-regulated Hmg2 mutants. Consistent with its high potency, the effects of GGPP were highly specific; other closely related molecules were ineffective in altering Hmg2 structure. In fact, two close GGPP analogues, 2F-GGPP and GGSPP were completely inactive at all concentrations tested, and GGSPP was an antagonist of GGPPs effects in vivo and in vitro. The effects of GGPP on Hmg2 structure and degradation were reversed by chemical chaperones, indicating that GGPP caused selective Hmg2 misfolding. These data indicate that GGPP functions in a manner analogous to an allosteric ligand, causing Hmg2 misfolding through interaction with a reversible, specific binding site. Consistent with this, the Hmg2 protein forms mulitmers. We propose that this "allosteric misfolding," or mallostery, may be a widely used tactic of biological regulation, with potential for development of small molecule pharmaceuticals that induce selective misfolding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wangeline, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/177311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand-regulated entry into the HRD ERAD pathway: The dark side of allostery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/179648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Large-Scale Binding and Functional Map of Human RNA Binding Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/179648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomes encompass all the information necessary to specify the development and function of an organism. In addition to genes, genomes also contain a myriad of functional elements that control various steps in gene expression. A major class of these elements function only when transcribed into RNA as they serve as the binding sites for RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which act to control post-transcriptional processes including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, RNA editing, RNA localization, stability, and translation. Despite the importance of these functional RNA elements encoded in the genome, they have been much less studied than genes and DNA elements. Here, we describe the mapping and characterization of RNA elements recognized by a large collection of human RBPs in K562 and HepG2 cells. These data expand the catalog of functional elements encoded in the human genome by addition of a large set of elements that function at the RNA level through interaction with RBPs.nnHighlightsO_LI223 eCLIP datasets for 150 RBPs reveal a wide variety of in vivo RNA target classes.nC_LIO_LI472 knockdown/RNA-seq profiles of 263 RBPs reveal factor-responsive targets and integration with eCLIP indicates RNA expression and splicing regulatory patterns.nC_LIO_LI78 RNA Bind-N-Seq profiles of in vitro binding motifs reveal links between in vitro and in vivo binding and indicate that eCLIP peaks that contain in vitro motifs are more strongly associated with regulation.nC_LIO_LI274 maps of RBP subcellular localization by immunofluorescence indicate widespread organelle-specific RNA processing regulation.nC_LIO_LI63 ChIP-seq profiles of DNA association suggest broad interconnectivity between chromatin association and RNA processing.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freese, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cody, N. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundararaman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazile, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit Bouvrette, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duff, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelboin-Burkhart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palden, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louie, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergalet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecuyer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burge, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graveley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/179648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Large-Scale Binding and Functional Map of Human RNA Binding Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-electron tomography reveals that dynactin recruits a team of dyneins for processive motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key player in the intracellular trafficking network is cytoplasmic dynein, a protein complex that transports molecular cargo along microtubule tracks. It has been shown that vertebrate dyneins movement becomes strikingly enhanced upon interacting with a cofactor named dynactin and one of several cargo-adapters, such as BicaudalD2. However, the mechanisms responsible for this increase in transport efficiency are not well understood, largely due to a lack of structural information. We used cryo-electron tomography to visualize the first 3-dimensional structure of the intact dynein-dynactin complex bound to microtubules. Our structure reveals that the dynactin-cargo-adapter complex recruits and binds to two dimeric cytoplasmic dyneins. Interestingly, the dynein motor organization closely resembles that of axonemal dynein, suggesting that cytoplasmic dynein and axonemal dyneins may utilize similar mechanisms to coordinate multiple motors. We propose that grouping dyneins onto a single dynactin scaffold promotes collective force production as well as unidirectional processive motility. These findings provide a structural platform that facilitates a deeper biochemical and biophysical understanding of dynein regulation and cellular transport.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenney, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/182576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-electron tomography reveals that dynactin recruits a team of dyneins for processive motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization and discovery of modulators of SbMATE, the agronomically important aluminium tolerance transporter from Sorghum bicolor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
About 50% of the worlds arable land is strongly acidic (soil pH < 5). The low pH of these soils solubilizes root-toxic ionic aluminium (Al3+) species from clay minerals, driving the evolution of various counteractive adaptations in cultivated crops. The food crop Sorghum bicolor, for example, upregulates the membrane-embedded transporter protein SbMATE in its roots. SbMATE mediates efflux of the anionic form of the organic acid, citrate, into the soil rhizosphere, chelating Al3+ ions and thereby imparting Al-resistance based on excluding Al+3 from the growing root tip. Here, we use electrophysiological, radiolabeled, and fluorescence-based transport assays in two heterologous expression systems to establish a broad substrate recognition profile of SbMATE, showing the transport of 14C- citrate anion, as well as the organic monovalent cation, ethidium, but not the divalent ethidium-derivative, propidium. The transport cycle is proton and/or sodium-driven, and shares certain molecular mechanisms with bacterial MATE-family transporters. We further complement our transport assays by directly measuring substrate binding to detergent-purified SbMATE protein. Finally, we use the functionally-folded, purified membrane protein as an antigen to discover high-affinity, native conformation-binding and transport function-altering nanobodies using an animal-free, mRNA/cDNA display technology. Our results demonstrate the utility of using Pichia pastoris as an efficient eukaryotic host to express large quantities of functional plant transporter proteins for in vitro characterization. The nanobody discovery approach is applicable to other low immunogenic plant proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doshi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrath, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineros, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szewczyk, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochian, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/182964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization and discovery of modulators of SbMATE, the agronomically important aluminium tolerance transporter from Sorghum bicolor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural decoder for learned vocal behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain Machine Interfaces (BMIs) hold promise to restore impaired motor function and, because they decode neural signals to infer behavior, can serve as powerful tools to understand the neural mechanisms of motor control. Yet complex behaviors, such as vocal communication, exceed state-of-the-art decoding technologies which are currently restricted to comparatively simple motor actions. Here we present a BMI for birdsong, that decodes a complex, learned vocal behavior directly from neural activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arneodo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentner, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural decoder for learned vocal behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A distributed algorithm to maintain and repair the trail networks of arboreal ants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We study how the arboreal turtle ant (Cephalotes goniodontus) solves a fundamental computing problem: maintaining a trail network and finding alternative paths to route around broken links in the network. Turtle ants form a routing backbone of foraging trails linking several nests and temporary food sources. This species travels only in the trees, so their foraging trails are constrained to lie on a natural graph formed by overlapping branches and vines in the tangled canopy. Links between branches, however, can be ephemeral, easily destroyed by wind, rain, or animal movements. Here we report a biologically feasible distributed algorithm, parameterized using field data, that can plausibly describe how turtle ants maintain the routing backbone and find alternative paths to circumvent broken links in the backbone. We validate the ability of this probabilistic algorithm to circumvent simulated breaks in synthetic and real-world networks, and we derive an analytic explanation for why certain features are crucial to improve the algorithms success. Our proposed algorithm uses fewer computational resources than common distributed graph search algorithms, and thus may be useful in other domains, such as for swarm computing or for coordinating molecular robots.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekhar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A distributed algorithm to maintain and repair the trail networks of arboreal ants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thalamocortical and Intracortical Laminar Connectivity Determines Sleep Spindle Properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spindle oscillations are brief oscillatory activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Spindle density and synchronization properties are different in MEG versus EEG recordings in humans and also vary with learning performance, suggesting spindle involvement in memory consolidation. Using computational models, we identified network mechanisms that may explain differences in spindle properties across cortical structures. First, we report that differences in spindle occurrence between MEG and EEG data may arise from the properties of the core vs. matrix thalamocortical systems. The matrix system, projecting superficially, has wider thalamocortical fanout compared to the core system, projecting to the middle layers, and requires the recruitment of a larger population of neurons to initiate a spindle. Our model demonstrates that this property is sufficient to explain lower spindle density and higher spatial synchrony of spindles in the superficial cortical layers, as observed in the EEG signal. In contrast, spindles in the core system occurred more frequently but less synchronously, as observed in the MEG recordings. Futhermore, consistent with human recordings, in the model, spindles occurred independently in the core system but matrix system spindles commonly co-occurred with core one. We found that the intracortical excitatory connections from layer III/IV to layer V promote spindle propagation from the core to the matrix system, leading to widespread spindle activity. Our study predicts that plasticity of the intra and inter cortical connectivity can potentially be a mechanism for increasing in spindle density as observed during learning.nnAuthor summaryThe density of sleep spindles has been shown to correlate with memory consolidation. Further, sleep spindles occur more often in human MEG than EEG. We developed thalamocortical network model that is capable of spontaneous generation of spindles across cortical layers and that captures the essential statistical features of spindles observed in experiments. We predict that differences in thalamo-cortical connectivity, known from anatomical studies, lead to the differences in the spindle properties between EEG and MEG as observed in human recordings. Further, we predict that the intracortical connectivity between cortical layers, a property influenced by sleep preceding learning, increases spindle density. Results from our study highlight the role of cortical and thalamic projections on the occurrence and properties of spindles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thalamocortical and Intracortical Laminar Connectivity Determines Sleep Spindle Properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupling of autonomic and central events during sleep boosts declarative memory consolidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While anatomical pathways between forebrain cognitive and brainstem autonomic nervous centers are well defined, autonomic-central interactions during sleep and their contribution to waking performance are not understood. Here, we analyzed simultaneous central activity via electroencephalography (EEG) and autonomic heart beat-to-beat intervals (RR intervals) from electrocardiography (ECG) during wake and daytime sleep. We identified bursts of ECG activity that lasted 4-5 seconds and predominated in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREM). Using event-based analysis of NREM sleep, we found an increase in delta (0.5-4Hz) and sigma (12-15Hz) power and an elevated density of slow oscillations (0.5-1Hz) about 5 secs prior to peak of the heart rate burst, as well as a surge in vagal activity, assessed by high-frequency (HF) component of RR intervals. Using regression framework, we show that these Autonomic/Central Events (ACE) positively predicted post-nap improvement in a declarative memory task after controlling for the effects of spindles and slow oscillations from sleep periods without ACE. No such relation was found between memory performance and a control nap. Additionally, NREM ACE negatively correlated with REM sleep and learning in a non-declarative memory task. These results provide the first evidence that coordinated autonomic and central events play a significant role in declarative memory consolidation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDevitt, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mednick, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupling of autonomic and central events during sleep boosts declarative memory consolidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable signatures of visual salience and behavioral relevance across attentional priority maps in human cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/196642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational models posit that visual attention is guided by activity within spatial maps that index the image-computable salience and the behavioral relevance of objects in the scene. However, the simultaneous influence of these factors on putative neural  attentional priority maps in human cortex is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that visual salience and behavioral relevance independently impact the activation profile across retinotopically-organized cortical regions by quantifying attentional priority maps measured in human brains using functional MRI while participants attended one of two differentially-salient stimuli. We find that the topography of activation in priority maps, as reflected in the modulation of region-level patterns of population activity, independently indexed the physical salience and behavioral relevance of each scene element. Moreover, salience strongly impacted activation patterns in early visual areas, whereas later visual areas were dominated by relevance. This suggests that prioritizing spatial locations relies on distributed neural codes containing graded representations of salience and relevance across the visual hierarchy.nnSignificance StatementOften, it is necessary to orient towards bright, unique, or sudden events in the environment - that is, salient stimuli. However, we can focus processing resources on less salient visual information if it is relevant to the task at hand. We tested a theory which supposes that we represent different scene elements according to both their salience and their relevance in a series of  priority maps by measuring fMRI activation patterns across the human brain and reconstructing spatial maps of the visual scene under different task conditions. We found that different regions indexed either the salience or the relevance of scene items, but not their interaction, suggesting an evolving representation of salience and relevance across different visual areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itthipuripat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/196642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable signatures of visual salience and behavioral relevance across attentional priority maps in human cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell surface vimentin is involved in matrix stiffness-dependent infection of endothelial cells by Listeria monocytogenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is one of many mechanical forces acting on mammalian adherent cells that influence cellular function. We have addressed the open question of how ECM stiffness might alter the susceptibility of host cells to infection by bacterial pathogens. We manufactured hydrogels of varying physiologically-relevant stiffness and seeded human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) on them. We then infected HMEC-1 with the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and found that adhesion of Lm onto host cells increases monotonically with increasing matrix stiffness, an effect that requires the activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We identified cell surface vimentin as a candidate surface receptor mediating stiffness-dependent adhesion of Lm to HMEC-1, and demonstrated that bacterial infection of these host cells is decreased when surface vimentin is perturbed. Our results provide the first evidence that ECM stiffness can mediate the susceptibility of host cells to bacterial infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bastounis, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriot, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/198739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell surface vimentin is involved in matrix stiffness-dependent infection of endothelial cells by Listeria monocytogenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/199117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational model of brainstem circuit for state dependent control of hypoglossal motoneurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/199117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) the pharyngeal muscles become relaxed during sleep, which leads to a partial or complete closure of upper airway. Empirical studies suggest that withdrawal of noradrenergic and serotonergic drives importantly contribute to depression of hypoglossal motoneurons during rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep and, therefore, may contribute to OSA pathophysiology; however, specific cellular and synaptic mechanisms remain unknown. It was recently suggested that, in order to explain experimental observations, the neuronal network for monoaminergic control of excitability of hypoglossal motoneurons has to include excitatory and inhibitory perihypoglossal interneurons that would mediate noradrenergic and serotonergic drives to the motoneurons. In this study, we applied a biophysical network model to validate the rationality of the proposed circuit and to investigate the dynamics of its neuronal populations during REM sleep-induced withdrawal of noradrenergic and serotonergic drives. The state-dependent activity of the model hypoglossal motoneurons during simulated REM sleep with or without a virtual application of noradrenergic and serotonergic drugs was in qualitative agreement with in vivo data. The study predicts the dynamics of the perihypoglossal interneurons during these conditions and corroborates the hypothesis that the excitatory interneurons may integrate both noradrenergic and serotonergic drives. The latter drive has to be mediated by the inhibitory interneurons. The study suggests that perihypoglossal interneurons may serve as novel potential targets for pharmacological treatment of OSA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rukhadze, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/199117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational model of brainstem circuit for state dependent control of hypoglossal motoneurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.868489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is N-Hacking Ever OK? A Simulation-based study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.868489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After an experiment has been completed, a trend may be observed that is "not quite significant". Sometimes in this situation, researchers collect more data in an effort to achieve statistical significance. Such "N-hacking" is condemned because it can lead to an excess of false positive results. I use simulations to demonstrate how N-hacking causes false positives. However, in a parameter regime relevant for many experiments, the increase in false positives is quite modest. Moreover, results obtained this way have higher Positive Predictive Value than non-incremented experiments of the same sample size and statistical power. In other words, adding a few more observations to shore up a nearly-significant result can increase the reproducibility of results, counter to some current rhetoric. Many experiments are non-confirmatory, and unplanned sample augmentation with reasonable decision rules would not cause rampant irreproducibility in that context.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reinagel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.12.868489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is N-Hacking Ever OK? A Simulation-based study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ASTRAL-Pro: quartet-based species tree inference despite paralogy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.12.874727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species tree inference via summary methods that combine gene trees has become an increasingly common analysis in recent phylogenomic studies. This broad adoption has been partly due to the greater availability of genome-wide data and ample recognition that gene trees and species trees can differ due to biological processes such as gene duplication and gene loss. This increase has also been encouraged by the recent development of accurate and scalable summary methods, such as ASTRAL. However, most of these methods, including ASTRAL, can only handle single-copy gene trees and do not attempt to model gene duplication and gene loss. In this paper, we introduce a measure of quartet similarity between single-copy and multi-copy trees (accounting for orthology and paralogy relationships) that can be optimized via a scalable dynamic programming similar to the one used by ASTRAL. We then present a new quartet-based species tree inference method: ASTRAL-Pro (ASTRAL for PaRalogs and Orthologs). By studying its performance on an extensive collection of simulated datasets and on a real plant dataset, we show that ASTRAL-Pro is more accurate than alternative methods when gene trees differ from the species tree due to the simultaneous presence of gene duplication, gene loss, incomplete lineage sorting, and estimation errors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scornavacca, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molloy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.12.874727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ASTRAL-Pro: quartet-based species tree inference despite paralogy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.14.850305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two distinct mechanisms of small molecule inhibition of LpxA acyltransferase essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.14.850305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway is considered an attractive drug target against the rising threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report two novel small-molecule inhibitors (compounds 1 and 2) of the acyltransferase LpxA, the first enzyme in the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway. We show genetically that the antibacterial activities of the compounds against efflux-deficient Escherichia coli are mediated by LpxA inhibition. Consistently, the compounds inhibited the LpxA enzymatic reaction in vitro. Intriguingly, using biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization, we reveal two distinct mechanisms of LpxA inhibition; compound 1 is a substrate-competitive inhibitor targeting apo LpxA and compound 2 is an uncompetitive inhibitor targeting the LpxA-product complex. Compound 2 exhibited more favorable biological and physicochemical properties than compound 1, and was optimized using structural information to achieve improved antibacterial activity against wild type E. coli. These results show that LpxA is a promising antibacterial target and imply the advantages of targeting enzyme-product complexes in drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balibar, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter Rath, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermingham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi-Leon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommlet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merritt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornelas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Pascale, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prathapam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prosen, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasper, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawyer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wartchow, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uehara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.14.850305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two distinct mechanisms of small molecule inhibition of LpxA acyltransferase essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.880047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing 'omic feature rankings and log-ratios using Qurro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.880047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many tools for dealing with compositional "omics" data produce feature-wise values that can be ranked in order to describe features associations with some sort of variation. These values include differentials (which describe features associations with specified covariates) and feature loadings (which describe features associations with variation along a given axis in a biplot). Although prior work has discussed the use of these "rankings" as a starting point for exploring the log-ratios of particularly high-or low-ranked features, such exploratory analyses have previously been done using custom code to visualize feature rankings and the log-ratios of interest. This approach is laborious, prone to errors, and raises questions about reproducibility. To address these problems we introduce Qurro, a tool that interactively visualizes a plot of feature rankings (a "rank plot") alongside a plot of selected features log-ratios within samples (a "sample plot"). Qurros interface includes various controls that allow users to select features from along the rank plot to compute a log-ratio; this action updates both the rank plot (through highlighting selected features) and the sample plot (through displaying the current log-ratios of samples). Here we demonstrate how this unique interface helps users explore feature rankings and log-ratios simply and effectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fedarko, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.17.880047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing 'omic feature rankings and log-ratios using Qurro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.868844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Implications of TP53 Allelic State for Genome Stability, Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.868844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TP53 mutations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and treatment resistance in myelodysplastic syndromes. However, the biological and clinical relevance of the underlying mono- or bi-allelic state of the mutations is unclear. We analyzed 3,324 MDS patients for TP53 mutations and allelic imbalances of the TP53 locus and found that 1 in 3 TP53-mutated patients had mono-allelic targeting of the gene whereas 2 in 3 had multiple hits consistent with bi-allelic targeting. The established associations for TP53 with complex karyotype, high-risk presentation, poor survival and rapid leukemic transformation were specific to patients with multi-hit state only. TP53 multi-hit state predicted risk of death and leukemic transformation independently of the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System, while mono-allelic patients did not differ from TP53 wild-type patients. The separation by allelic state was retained in therapy-related MDS. Findings were validated in a cohort of 1,120 patients. Ascertainment of TP53 allelic state is critical for diagnosis, risk estimation and prognostication precision in MDS, and future correlative studies of treatment response should consider TP53 allelic state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bernard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nannya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasserjian, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devlin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuechler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Martinez, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshizato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiozawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saiki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malcovati, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arango, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cargo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creignou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germing, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gundem, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Loosdrecht, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadersten, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobiasson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmider, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Follo, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thol, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinheiro, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotsianidis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boultwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, F. P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schanz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasahara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishikawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsurumi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takaori-Kondo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiguchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polprasert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimek, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savon</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.868844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Implications of TP53 Allelic State for Genome Stability, Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.882985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tuft cells restrain pancreatic tumorigenesis through paracrine eicosanoid signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.882985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite numerous advances in our understanding of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) genetics and biology, this disease is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related U.S. deaths within the next few years. Incomplete understanding of how it arises precludes development of early detection and interception strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes. Acinar to ductal metaplasia involving genesis of tuft cells is one early step in PDA formation, but their functional significance has remained obscure due to their rarity and a lack of methods and relevant animal models for their molecular and functional analysis. Here, we show that deletion of tuft cell master regulator Pou2f3 eliminates pancreatic tuft cells and increases fibrosis, alters immune cell activation, and accelerates disease progression. We demonstrate that tuft cell expression of the prostaglandin D2 synthase Hpgds restrains pancreatic disease progression in early stages by inhibiting stromal activation. Analyses of human data sets are consistent with mouse studies. We propose that tuft cells and, by inference, the associated metaplastic lesions, play a protective role early in pancreatic tumorigenesis.

SignificanceWe find that tuft cell formation in response to oncogenic Kras is protective and restrains tumorigenesis through local production of anti-inflammatory substances, including paracrine prostaglandin D2 signaling to the stroma. Our findings establish tuft cells as a metaplasia-induced tumor suppressive cell type.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DelGiorno, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser Novak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraddi, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naeem, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lytle, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gubbala, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridinger-Saison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohmoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erikson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shokhirev, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urade, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsumoto, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vavinskaya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olive, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.882985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tuft cells restrain pancreatic tumorigenesis through paracrine eicosanoid signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.883405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
White matter abnormalities across different epilepsy syndromes in adults: an ENIGMA Epilepsy study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.883405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The epilepsies are commonly accompanied by widespread abnormalities in cerebral white matter. ENIGMA-Epilepsy is a large quantitative brain imaging consortium, aggregating data to investigate patterns of neuroimaging abnormalities in common epilepsy syndromes, including temporal lobe epilepsy, extratemporal epilepsy, and genetic generalized epilepsy. Our goal was to rank the most robust white matter microstructural differences across and within syndromes in a multicentre sample of adult epilepsy patients. Diffusion-weighted MRI data were analyzed from 1,069 non-epileptic controls and 1,249 patients: temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (N=599), temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI (N=275), genetic generalized epilepsy (N=182) and nonlesional extratemporal epilepsy (N=193). A harmonized protocol using tract-based spatial statistics was used to derive skeletonized maps of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity for each participant, and fiber tracts were segmented using a diffusion MRI atlas. Data were harmonized to correct for scanner-specific variations in diffusion measures using a batch-effect correction tool (ComBat). Analyses of covariance, adjusting for age and sex, examined differences between each epilepsy syndrome and controls for each white matter tract (Bonferroni corrected at p<0.001). Across "all epilepsies" lower fractional anisotropy was observed in most fiber tracts with small to medium effect sizes, especially in the corpus callosum, cingulum and external capsule. Less robust effects were seen with mean diffusivity. Syndrome-specific fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity differences were most pronounced in patients with hippocampal sclerosis in the ipsilateral parahippocampal cingulum and external capsule, with smaller effects across most other tracts. Those with temporal lobe epilepsy and normal MRI showed a similar pattern of greater ipsilateral than contralateral abnormalities, but less marked than those in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Patients with generalized and extratemporal epilepsies had pronounced differences in fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, corona radiata and external capsule, and in mean diffusivity of the anterior corona radiata. Earlier age of seizure onset and longer disease duration were associated with a greater extent of microstructural abnormalities in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. We demonstrate microstructural abnormalities across major association, commissural, and projection fibers in a large multicentre study of epilepsy. Overall, epilepsy patients showed white matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum, cingulum and external capsule, with differing severity across epilepsy syndromes. These data further define the spectrum of white matter abnormalities in common epilepsy syndromes, yielding new insights into pathological substrates that may be used to guide future therapeutic and genetic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hatton, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abela, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altmann, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvim, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balachandra, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargallo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartolini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldairou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caligiuri, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalleri, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davoodi-Bojd, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmond, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niels, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambardella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleichgerrcht, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamandi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishikawa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochunov, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotikalapudi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreilkamp, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.883405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[White matter abnormalities across different epilepsy syndromes in adults: an ENIGMA Epilepsy study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.883363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Empirical dynamic modeling reveals ecological drivers of dengue dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.883363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experiments and models suggest that climate affects mosquito-borne disease transmission. However, disease transmission involves complex nonlinear interactions between climate and population dynamics, which makes detecting climate drivers at the population level challenging. By analyzing incidence data, estimated susceptible population size, and climate data with methods based on nonlinear time series analysis (collectively referred to as empirical dynamic modeling), we identified drivers and their interactive effects on dengue dynamics in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Climatic forcing arose only when susceptible availability was high: temperature and rainfall had net positive and negative effects, respectively. By capturing mechanistic, nonlinear, and context-dependent effects of population susceptibility, temperature, and rainfall on dengue transmission empirically, our model improves forecast skill over recent, state-of-the-art models for dengue incidence. Together, these results provide empirical evidence that the interdependence of host population susceptibility and climate drive dengue dynamics in a nonlinear and complex, yet predictable way.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyle, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shocket, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childs, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rypdal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugihara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mordecai, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.883363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Empirical dynamic modeling reveals ecological drivers of dengue dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Log Transformation Improves Dating of Phylogenies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.20.885582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic trees inferred from sequence data often have branch lengths measured in the expected number of substitutions and therefore, do not have divergence times estimated. These trees give an incomplete view of evolutionary histories since many applications of phylogenies require time trees. Many methods have been developed to convert the inferred branch lengths from substitution unit to time unit using calibration points, but none is universally accepted as they are challenged in both scalability and accuracy under complex models. Here, we introduce a new method that formulates dating as a non-convex optimization problem where the variance of log-transformed rate multipliers are minimized across the tree. On simulated and real data, we show that our method, wLogDate, is often more accurate than alternatives and is more robust to various model assumptions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mai, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.20.885582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Log Transformation Improves Dating of Phylogenies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequestration of Methane by Symbiotic Deep-Sea Annelids: Ancient and Future Implications of Redefining the Seep Influence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.887653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep-sea methane seeps are dynamic sources of greenhouse gas production and unique habitats supporting ocean biodiversity and productivity. Here, we demonstrate new animal-bacterial symbioses fueled by methane, between two undescribed species of annelid (a serpulid Laminatubus and sabellid Bispira) and distinct methane-oxidizing Methylococcales bacteria. Worm tissue {delta}13C of -44{per thousand} to -58{per thousand} suggested methane-fueled nutrition for both species and shipboard experiments revealed active assimilation of 13C-labelled CH4 into animal biomass, occurring via engulfment of methanotrophic bacteria across the host epidermal surface. These worms represent a new addition to the few animals known to intimately associate with methane-oxidizing bacteria, and further explain their enigmatic mass occurrence at 150-million-year-old fossil seeps. High-resolution seafloor surveys document significant coverage by these symbioses, beyond typical obligate seep fauna. These findings uncover novel consumers of methane in the deep-sea, and by expanding the known spatial extent of methane seeps, may have important implications for deep-sea conservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goffredi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullin, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orphan, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.23.887653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequestration of Methane by Symbiotic Deep-Sea Annelids: Ancient and Future Implications of Redefining the Seep Influence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.25.888495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Chloroplast Super-Complex Consisting of the ATP Synthase and Photosystem I Reaction Center 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.25.888495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several  super-complexes of individual hetero-oligomeric membrane protein complexes, whose function is to facilitate intra-membrane electron and proton transfer and harvesting of light energy, have been previously characterized in the mitochondrial cristae and chloroplast thylakoid membranes. The latter membrane is reported here to also be the location of an intra-membrane super-complex which is dominated by the ATP-synthase and photosystem I (PSI) reaction-center complexes, defined by mass spectrometry, clear-native PAGE and Western Blot analyses. This is the first documented presence of ATP synthase in a super-complex with the PSI reaction-center located in the non-appressed stromal domain of the thylakoid membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhaduri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitelegge, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cramer, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.25.888495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Chloroplast Super-Complex Consisting of the ATP Synthase and Photosystem I Reaction Center]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.26.888685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The String Decomposition Problem and its Applications to Centromere Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.26.888685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent attempts to assemble long tandem repeats (such as multi-megabase long centromeres) faced the challenge of accurate translation of long error-prone reads from the nucleotide alphabet into the alphabet of repeat units. Centromeres represent a particularly complex type of nested tandem repeats, where each unit is itself a repeat formed by chromosome-specific monomers (a repeat within repeat). Given a set of monomers forming a specific centromere, translation of a read into monomers is modeled as the String Decomposition Problem, finding a concatenate of monomers with the highest-scoring sequence alignment to a given read. We developed a StringDecomposer algorithm for solving this problem, benchmarked it on the set of reads generated by the Telomere-to-Telomere consortium, and identified a novel (rare) monomer that extends the set of twelve X-chromosome specific monomers identified more than three decades ago. The accurate translation of each read into a monomer alphabet turns centromere assembly into a more tractable problem than the notoriously difficult problem of assembling centromeres in the nucleotide alphabet. Our identification of a novel monomer emphasizes the importance of careful identification of all (even rare) monomers for follow-up centromere assembly efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dvorkina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.26.888685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The String Decomposition Problem and its Applications to Centromere Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.27.889782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Molecular Pathway for Arterial-Specific Association of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.27.889782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The preferential accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells on arteries versus veins during early development is a well-described phenomenon, but the molecular pathways underlying this polarization are not well understood. During zebrafish embryogenesis the cxcr4a receptor (mammalian CXCR4) and its ligand cxcl12b (mammalian CXCL12) are both preferentially expressed on arteries at time points consistent with the arrival and differentiation of the first vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs). We show that autocrine cxcl12b/cxcr4 activity leads to increased production of the vSMC chemoattractant ligand pdgfb by endothelial cells in vitro and increased expression of pdgfb by arteries in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate that expression of the well-characterized blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a in primitive veins negatively regulates cxcr4/cxcl12 and pdgfb expression, restricting vSMC recruitment to the arterial vasculature. Together, this signaling axis leads to the differential acquisition of smooth muscle cells at sites where klf2a expression is low and both cxcr4a and pdgfb are co-expressed, i.e. arteries during early development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stratman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrelly, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castranova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yano, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goddard, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venero Galanternik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolan, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukouyama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.27.889782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Molecular Pathway for Arterial-Specific Association of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.29.881581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual role of auxin in regulating plant defense and bacterial virulence gene expression during Pseudomonas syringae PtoDC3000 pathogenesis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.29.881581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modification of host hormone biology is a common strategy used by plant pathogens to promote disease. For example, the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 produces the plant hormone auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, or IAA) to promote PtoDC3000 growth in plant tissue. Previous studies suggest that auxin may promote PtoDC3000 pathogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including both suppression of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated host defenses and via an unknown mechanism that appears to be independent of SA. To test if host auxin signaling is important during pathogenesis, we took advantage of Arabidopsis thaliana lines impaired in either auxin signaling or perception. We found that disruption of auxin signaling in plants expressing an inducible dominant axr2-1 mutation resulted in decreased bacterial growth, demonstrating that host auxin signaling is required for normal susceptibility to PtoDC3000, and this phenotype was dependent on SA-mediated defenses. However, despite exhibiting decreased auxin perception, tir1 afb1 afb4 afb5 quadruple mutant plants lacking four of the six known auxin co-receptors supported increased levels of bacterial growth. This mutant also exhibited elevated IAA levels, suggesting that the increased IAA in these plants may promote PtoDC3000 growth independent of host auxin signaling, perhaps through a direct effect on the pathogen. In support of this, we found that IAA directly impacted the pathogen, by modulating expression of bacterial virulence genes, both in liquid culture and in planta. Thus, in addition to suppressing host defenses, IAA acts as a microbial signaling molecule that regulates bacterial virulence gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Djami-Tchatchou, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prigge, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunkel, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.29.881581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual role of auxin in regulating plant defense and bacterial virulence gene expression during Pseudomonas syringae PtoDC3000 pathogenesis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence, Structure and Context Preferences of Human RNA Binding Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Production of functional cellular RNAs involves multiple processing and regulatory steps principally mediated by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Here we present the affinity landscapes of 78 human RBPs using an unbiased assay that determines the sequence, structure, and context preferences of an RBP in vitro from deep sequencing of bound RNAs. Analyses of these data revealed several interesting patterns, including unexpectedly low diversity of RNA motifs, implying frequent convergent evolution of binding specificity toward a relatively small set of RNA motifs, many with low compositional complexity. Offsetting this trend, we observed extensive preferences for contextual features outside of core RNA motifs, including spaced "bipartite" motifs, biased flanking nucleotide context, and bias away from or towards RNA structure. These contextual features are likely to enable targeting of distinct subsets of transcripts by different RBPs that recognize the same core motif. Our results enable construction of "RNA maps" of RBP activity without requiring crosslinking-based assays, and provide unprecedented depth of information on the interaction of RBPs with RNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freese, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexis, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palden, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazile, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graveley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burge, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/201996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence, Structure and Context Preferences of Human RNA Binding Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.03.893784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA damage induced during mitosis undergoes DNA repair synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.03.893784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the mitotic DNA damage response (DDR) is critical to our comprehension of cancer, premature aging and developmental disorders which are marked by DNA repair deficiencies. In this study we use a micro-focused-laser to induce DNA damage in selected mitotic chromosomes to study the subsequent repair response. Our findings demonstrate that (1) mitotic cells are capable of DNA repair as evidenced by DNA synthesis at damage sites, (2) Repair is attenuated when DNA-PKcs and ATM are simultaneously compromised, (3) Laser damage may permit the observation of previously undetected DDR proteins when damage is elicited by other methods in mitosis, and (4) Twenty five percent of mitotic DNA-damaged cells undergo a subsequent mitosis. Together these findings suggest that mitotic DDR is more complex than previously thought and may involve factors from multiple repair pathways that are better understood in interphase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomez Godinez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabbara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maravillas-Montero, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preece, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokomori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berns, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.03.893784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA damage induced during mitosis undergoes DNA repair synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.05.895268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A qualitative difference in decision-making of rats vs. humans explained by quantitative differences in behavioral variability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.05.895268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When observers make rapid, difficult perceptual decisions, their response time is highly variable from trial to trial. In a visual motion discrimination task, it has been reported that human accuracy declines with increasing response time, whereas rat accuracy increases with response time. This is of interest because different mathematical theories of decision-making differ in their predictions regarding the correlation of accuracy with response time. On the premise that perceptual decision-making mechanisms are likely to be conserved among mammals, we seek to unify the rodent and primate results in a common theoretical framework. We show that a bounded drift diffusion model (DDM) can explain both effects with variable parameters: trial-to-trial variability in the starting point of the diffusion process produces the pattern typically observed in rats, whereas variability in the drift rate produces the pattern typically observed in humans. We further show that the same effects can be produced by deterministic biases, even in the absence of parameter stochasticity or parameter change within a trial.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Q. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinagel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.05.895268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A qualitative difference in decision-making of rats vs. humans explained by quantitative differences in behavioral variability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.895805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid-specific labeling of enveloped viruses with quantum dots for single-virus tracking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.895805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantum dots (QDs) possess optical properties of superbright fluorescence, excellent photostability, narrow emission spectra, and optional colors. Labeled with QDs, single molecules/viruses can be rapidly and continuously imaged for a long time, providing more detailed information than labeled with other fluorophores. While they are widely used to label proteins in single-molecule tracking studies, QDs have rarely been used to study virus infection, mainly due to lack of accepted labeling strategies. Here, we report a general method to mildly and readily label enveloped viruses with QDs. Lipid-biotin conjugates were used to recognize and mark viral lipid membranes, and streptavidin (SA)-QD conjugates were used to light them up. Such a method allowed enveloped viruses to be labeled in 2 hours with specificity and efficiency up to 99% and 98%. The intact morphology and the native infectivity of viruses could be furthest preserved. With the aid of this QD labeling method, we lit wild-type (WT) and mutant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) up, tracked their infection in living Vero cells, and found that H144A and Q258A substitutions in the envelope (E) protein didnt affect the virus intracellular trafficking. The lipid-specific QD labeling method described in this study provides a handy and practical tool to readily "see" the viruses and follow their infection, facilitating the widespread use of single-virus tracking and the uncovering of complex infection mechanisms.

Author summaryVirus infection in host cells is a complex process comprising a large number of dynamic molecular events. Single-virus tracking is a versatile technique to study these events. To perform this technique, viruses must be fluorescently labeled to be visible to fluorescence microscopes. Quantum dot is a kind of fluorescent tags that has many unique optical properties. It has been widely used to label proteins in single-molecule tracking studies, but rarely used to study virus infection, mainly due to lack of accepted labeling method. In this study, we developed a lipid-specific method to readily, mildly, specifically, and efficiently label enveloped viruses with quantum dots by recognizing viral envelope lipids with lipid-biotin conjugates and recognizing these lipid-biotin conjugates with streptavidin-quantum dot conjugates. Such a method is superior to the commonly used DiD/DiO labeling and the other QD labeling methods. It is not only applicable to normal viruses, but also competent to label the key protein-mutated viruses and the inactivated high virulent viruses, providing a powerful tool for single-virus tracking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.895805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid-specific labeling of enveloped viruses with quantum dots for single-virus tracking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overexpression of Thalassiosira pseudonana violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 2 (VDL2) increases fucoxanthin while stoichiometrically reducing diadinoxanthin cycle pigment abundance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the ubiquity and ecological importance of diatoms, much remains to be understood about their physiology and metabolism, including their carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Early carotenoid biosynthesis steps are well-conserved, while the identity of the enzymes that catalyze the later steps and their order remain unclear. Those steps lead to the biosynthesis of the final pathway products: the main accessory light-harvesting pigment fucoxanthin (Fx) and the main photoprotective pigment pool comprised of diadinoxanthin (Ddx) and its reversibly de-epoxidized form diatoxanthin (Dtx). We used sequence comparison to known carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes to identify novel candidates in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Microarray and RNA-seq data was used to select candidates with transcriptomic responses similar to known carotenoid biosynthesis genes and to create full-length gene models, and we focused on those that encode proteins predicted to be chloroplast-localized. We identified a violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like gene (Thaps3_11707, VDL2) that when overexpressed results in increased Fx abundance while stoichiometrically reducing Ddx+Dtx. Based on transcriptomics, we hypothesize that Thaps3_10233 may also contribute to Fx biosynthesis, in addition to VDL2. Separately using antisense RNA to target VDL2, VDL1, and both LUT1-like copies (hypothesized to catalyze an earlier step in the pathway) simultaneously, reduced the overall cellular photosynthetic pigment content, including chlorophylls, suggesting destabilization of light-harvesting complexes by Fx deficiency. Based on transcriptomic and physiological data, we hypothesize that the two predicted T. pseudonana zeaxanthin epoxidases have distinct functions and that different copies of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase may serve to initiate carotenoid biosynthesis in response to different cellular needs. Finally, nine carotene cis/trans isomerase (CRTISO) candidates identified based on sequence identity to known CRTISO proteins were narrowed to two most likely to be part of the T. pseudonana carotenoid biosynthesis pathway based on transcriptomic responses and predicted chloroplast targeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaidarenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overexpression of Thalassiosira pseudonana violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 2 (VDL2) increases fucoxanthin while stoichiometrically reducing diadinoxanthin cycle pigment abundance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global post-translational modification profiling of HIV-1-infected cells reveals mechanisms of host cellular pathway remodeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses must effectively remodel host cellular pathways to replicate and evade immune defenses, and they must do so with limited genomic coding capacity. Targeting post-translational modification (PTM) pathways provides a mechanism by which viruses can broadly and rapidly transform a hostile host environment into a hospitable one. We used quantitative proteomics to measure changes in two PTM types - phosphorylation and ubiquitination - in response to HIV-1 infection with viruses harboring targeted deletions of a subset of HIV-1 genes. PTM analysis revealed a requirement for Aurora kinase A activity in HIV-1 infection and furthermore revealed that AMP-activated kinase activity is modulated during infection via HIV-1 Vif-mediated degradation of B56-containing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Finally, we demonstrated that the Cullin4A-DDB1-DCAF1 E3 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitinates histone H1 somatic isoforms and that HIV-1 Vpr inhibits this process, leading to defects in DNA repair. Thus, global PTM profiling of infected cells serves as an effective tool for uncovering specific mechanisms of host pathway modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosby, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultquist, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marlett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hüttenhain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verschueren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shales, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltrao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankel, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fregoso, O. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global post-translational modification profiling of HIV-1-infected cells reveals mechanisms of host cellular pathway remodeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of HDAC2-PDX1 by RNF125 defines pancreatic cancer development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is an urgent need to define mechanisms underlying pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) development. Our studies of ubiquitin ligases that may underlie PDA development led us to identify and characterize RNF125. We show that RNF125 exhibits nuclear expression in acinar cells, with reduced and largely cytosolic expression in ductal cells, PanIN and PDA specimens. We find that RNF125 interacts with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and promotes its non-canonical K63-linked ubiquitination. Inhibition of HDAC2 activity by RNF125 resulted in elevated expression of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). Correspondingly, inhibition of RNF125 expression enhanced organoid growth in culture and orthotopic tumor development. Conversely, restoration of PDX1 levels in human or mouse PDA cells and organoids depleted of RNF125, inhibited cell proliferation and growth, while expression of HDAC2 enhanced it. Notably, higher expression of RNF125 and PDX1 coincided with differentiated tumor phenotypes, and better outcome in PDA patients. In demonstrating the importance of RNF125 control of PDX1 expression via HDAC2 ubiquitination in PDA development, our findings highlight markers (RNF125, PDX1) and targets (HDAC2) for monitoring and possible treatment of PDA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasnis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almog, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsliah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vavinskaya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alelbaum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Ishay, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuveson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronai, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of HDAC2-PDX1 by RNF125 defines pancreatic cancer development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term warming weakens stabilizing effects of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.06.896746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the consensus that warming will affect biodiversity, alter physicochemical environments, and disrupt biological interactions, the relative importance of these key processes and how they interact to determine overall ecosystem function is poorly understood. Here, we analyze long-term (16[~]39 years) time series data from ten aquatic ecosystems and use convergent cross mapping (CCM) to quantify the hidden causal network linking species diversity, ecosystem function, and physicochemical factors. We observe that aquatic ecosystems subject to stronger warming exhibit decreased stability (larger fluctuations in phytoplankton biomass). We further show that this effect can be attributed to a weakening of stabilizing causal pathways between biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and phytoplankton biomass. Thus, rather than thinking in terms of separate factors, a more holistic view, that causally links biodiversity and the other ecosystem components, is required to understand and predict climate impacts on the temporal stability of aquatic ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyle, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souissi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anneville, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichise, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumagai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuzaki, S.-i. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiah, F.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugihara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.06.896746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term warming weakens stabilizing effects of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The wild grape genome sequence provides insights into the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during grape domestication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grapevine has a major economical and cultural importance since antiquity. A key step in domestication was the transition from separate sexes (dioecy) in wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (V. sylvestris) to hermaphroditism in cultivated Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera. While the grapevine sex locus is known to be small, its precise boundaries, gene content and the sex-determining genes are unknown. Here we obtained a high-quality de novo reference genome for V. sylvestris and whole-genome resequencing data of a cross. Studying SNP segregation patterns, gene content and expression in wild and cultivated accessions allowed us to build a model for sex determination in grapevine. In this model, up- and down-regulation of a cytokinin regulator is sufficient to cause female sterility and reversal to hermaphroditism, respectively. This study highlights the importance of neo-functionalization of Y alleles in sex determination and provides a resource for studying genetic diversity in V. sylvestris and the genomic processes of grapevine domestication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Badouin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gindraud, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flutre, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vautrin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marande, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganofsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guyot, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricciardelli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kafer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berges, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchene, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugueney, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavares, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacilieri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rustenholz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marais, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.897082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The wild grape genome sequence provides insights into the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism during grape domestication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced triacylglycerol (TAG) and protein accumulation in transgenic diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana with altered photosynthetic pigmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microalgal productivity in mass cultures is limited by the inefficiency with which available light energy is utilized. In dense cultures, cells closest to the light source absorb more light energy than they can use and dissipate the excess, while light penetrance into the culture is steeply attenuated. Reducing microalgal light harvesting and/or dissipating capacity per cell may improve total light utilization efficiency in mass cultures. In this study, two transgenic lines of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana with altered photosynthetic pigment content are evaluated with respect to photosynthetic parameters, growth, and macromolecule accumulation. In one line, violaxanthin de-epoxidase-like 2 (VDL2) is overexpressed (OE), resulting in a reduction of the diadinoxanthin cycle pigments, which are involved in light energy dissipation (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ), accompanied by a stoichiometric increase in the light-harvesting pigment fucoxanthin. No differences in the maximum potential quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) or light-limited photosynthetic rate () were found. However, when adapted to 30 {micro}mol photons m-2 sec-1, the VDL2 OE maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) upon exposure to saturating light intensities was 86-95% of wild type (WT). When adapted to 300 {micro}mol photons m-2 sec-1, VDL2 OE saturated photosynthesis at 62-71% of the light intensity needed to saturate WT (Ek). NPQ was substantially lower at and below 300 {micro}mol photons m-2 sec-1. VDL2 OE accumulated up to 3.4 times as much triacylglycerol (TAG) as WT during exponential growth, and up to twice as much protein. Growth in terms of culture density was up to 7% slower. TAG and protein accumulation inversely correlated with NPQ. The second line evaluated was obtained by using antisense RNA to simultaneously silence or knock down (KD) both LUT1-like (LTL) genes, hypothesized to catalyze an intermediate carotenoid biosynthesis step of converting {beta}-carotene to zeaxanthin. Overall reduction of photosynthetic pigment content without altering the relative abundance of individual pigments resulted. No significant differences in photosynthetic parameters compared to WT were found. LTL KD grew at a rate comparable to WT and accumulated up to 40% more TAG during exponential growth, while protein content was reduced by 11-19%. LTL KD cells were elongated and 5-10% smaller than WT, and cultures contained auxospores, indicating stress that may relate to a cell cycle progression defect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaidarenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.897850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced triacylglycerol (TAG) and protein accumulation in transgenic diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana with altered photosynthetic pigmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.899336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UDP-glucose dehydrogenase Ugd in E. coli is activated by Gmd and RffD, is inhibited by CheY, and regulates swarming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.899336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The two most common mechanisms of polymyxin resistance in bacteria involve glycosylation of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and production of the exocapsular polysaccharide, colanic acid (CA). UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, Ugd, is required for both CA biosynthesis and LPS modification. We here show that Ugd is activated by the GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase (Gmd, YefA, YefN), UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase (RffD, WecC), and ribonuclease HII (RnhB). The former two enzymes are involved in Lipid A and colanic acid biosyntheses, respectively, while RnhB cleaves RNA in RNA:DNA hybrids. Moreover, CheY inhibits the phosphorylated, activated form of Ugd (Ugd-P). Finally, Ugd is involved in the regulation of swarming, since a ugd mutant has an increased swarming rate, while Ugd overproduction inhibits swarming. Two-hybrid bacterial assays reveal direct interaction of Ugd with RssB (an anti-RpoS factor) and CheY in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodionova, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aboulwafa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saier, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.899336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UDP-glucose dehydrogenase Ugd in E. coli is activated by Gmd and RffD, is inhibited by CheY, and regulates swarming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.900951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crosslinking-guided geometry of a complete CXC receptor-chemokine complex and the basis of chemokine subfamily selectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.10.900951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemokines and their receptors are orchestrators of cell migration in humans. Because dysregulation of the receptor-chemokine system leads to inflammation and cancer, both chemokines and receptors are highly sought therapeutic targets. Yet one of the barriers for their therapeutic targeting is the limited understanding of the structural principles behind receptor-chemokine recognition and selectivity. The existing structures do not include CXC subfamily complexes and lack information about the receptor distal N-termini, despite the importance of the latter in signaling, regulation, and bias. Here we report the discovery of the geometry of the complex between full-length CXCR4, a prototypical CXC receptor and driver of cancer metastasis, and its endogenous ligand CXCL12. By comprehensive disulfide crosslinking, we establish the existence and the structure of a novel interface between the CXCR4 distal N-terminus and CXCL12 {beta}1-strand, while also recapitulating earlier findings from NMR, modeling and crystallography of homologous receptors. A crosslinking-informed high-resolution model of the CXCR4-CXCL12 complex pinpoints the interaction determinants and reveals the occupancy of the receptor major subpocket by the CXCL12 proximal N-terminus. This newly found positioning of the chemokine proximal N-terminus provides a structural explanation of CXC receptor-chemokine selectivity against other subfamilies. Our findings challenge the traditional two-site understanding of receptor-chemokine recognition, suggest the possibility of new affinity and signaling determinants, and fill a critical void on the structural map of an important class of therapeutic targets. These results will aid the rational design of selective chemokine-receptor-targeting small molecules and biologics with novel pharmacology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holden, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.10.900951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crosslinking-guided geometry of a complete CXC receptor-chemokine complex and the basis of chemokine subfamily selectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transport Phenomena in Fluid Films with Curvature Elasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular membranes are elastic lipid bilayers that contain a variety of proteins, including ion channels, receptors, and scaffolding proteins. These proteins are known to diffuse in the plane of the membrane and to influence the bending of the membrane. Experiments have shown that lipid flow in the plane of the membrane is closely coupled with the diffusion of proteins. Thus there is a need for a comprehensive framework that accounts for the interplay between these processes. Here, we present a theory for the coupled in-plane viscous flow of lipids, diffusion of transmembrane proteins, and curvature elastic deformation of lipid bilayers. The proteins in the membrane are modeled such that they influence membrane bending by inducing a spontaneous curvature. We formulate the free energy of the membrane with a Helfrich-like curvature elastic energy density function modified to account for the chemical potential energy of proteins. We derive the conservation laws and equations of motion for this system. Finally, we present results from dimensional analysis and numerical simulations and demonstrate the effect of coupled transport processes in governing the dynamics of membrane bending and protein diffusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahapatra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintillan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.906917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transport Phenomena in Fluid Films with Curvature Elasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rigor and Transparency Index, a new metric of quality for assessing biological and medical science methods. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The reproducibility crisis in science is a multifaceted problem involving practices and incentives, both in the laboratory and in publication. Fortunately, some of the root causes are known and can be addressed by scientists and authors alike. After careful consideration of the available literature, the National Institutes of Health identified several key problems with the way that scientists conduct and report their research and introduced guidelines to improve the rigor and reproducibility of pre-clinical studies. Many journals have implemented policies addressing these same criteria. We currently have, however, no comprehensive data on how these guidelines are impacting the reporting of research. Using SciScore, an automated tool developed to review the methods sections of manuscripts for the presence of criteria associated with the NIH and other reporting guidelines, e.g., ARRIVE, RRIDs, we have analyzed ~1.6 million PubMed Central papers to determine the degree to which articles were addressing these criteria. The tool scores each paper on a ten point scale identifying sentences that are associated with compliance with criteria associated with increased rigor (5 pts) and those associated with key resource identification and authentication (5 pts). From these data, we have built the Rigor and Transparency Index, which is the average score for analyzed papers in a particular journal. Our analyses show that the average score over all journals has increased since 1997, but remains below five, indicating that less than half of the rigor and reproducibility criteria are routinely addressed by authors. To analyze the data further, we examined the prevalence of individual criteria across the literature, e.g., the reporting of a subject’s sex (21-37% of studies between 1997 and 2019), the inclusion of sample size calculations (2-10%), whether the study addressed blinding (3-9%), or the identifiability of key biological resources such as antibodies (11-43%), transgenic organisms (14-22%), and cell lines (33-39%). The greatest increase in prevalence for rigor criteria was seen in the use of randomization of subjects (10-30%), while software tool identifiability improved the most among key resource types (42-87%). We further analyzed individual journals over time that had implemented specific author guidelines covering rigor criteria, and found that in some journals, they had a big impact, whereas in others they did not. We speculate that unless they are enforced, author guidelines alone do little to improve the number of criteria addressed by authors. Our Rigor and Transparency Index did not correlate with the impact factors of journals.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Menke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelandse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozyurt, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.908111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rigor and Transparency Index, a new metric of quality for assessing biological and medical science methods.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mosaicFlye: Resolving long mosaic repeats using long error-prone reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-read technologies revolutionized genome assembly and enabled resolution of bridged repeats (i.e., repeats that are spanned by some reads) in various genomes. However, the problem of resolving unbridged repeats (such as long segmental duplications in the human genome) remains largely unsolved, making it a major obstacle towards achieving the goal of complete genome assemblies. Moreover, the challenge of resolving unbridged repeats is not limited to eukaryotic genomes but also impairs assemblies of bacterial genomes and metagenomes. We describe the mosaicFlye algorithm for resolving complex unbridged repeats based on differences between various repeat copies and show how it improves assemblies of the human genome as well as bacterial genomes and metagenomes. In particular, we show that mosaicFlye results in a complete assembly of both arms of the human chromosome 6.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bankevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.908285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mosaicFlye: Resolving long mosaic repeats using long error-prone reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.909861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Iterative Refinement of Cellular Identity from Single-Cell Data Using Online Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.909861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent experimental advances have enabled high-throughput single-cell measurement of gene expression, chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation. We previously used integrative non-negative matrix factorization (iNMF) to jointly learn interpretable low-dimensional representations from multiple single-cell datasets using dataset-specific and shared metagene factors. These factors provide a principled, quantitative definition of cellular identity and how it varies across biological contexts. However, datasets exceeding 1 million cells are now widely available, creating computational barriers to scientific discovery. For instance, it is no longer feasible to analyze large datasets using standard pipelines on a personal computer with limited memory capacity. Moreover, there is a need for an algorithm capable of iteratively refining the definition of cellular identity as efforts to create a comprehensive human cell atlas continually sequence new cells.

To address these challenges, we developed an online learning algorithm for integrating large and continually arriving single-cell datasets. We extended previous online learning approaches for NMF to minimize the expected cost of a surrogate function for the iNMF objective. We also derived a novel hierarchical alternating least squares algorithm for iNMF and incorporated it into an efficient online algorithm. Our online approach accesses the training data as mini-batches, decoupling memory usage from dataset size and allowing on-the-fly incorporation of new datasets as they are generated. The online implementation of iNMF converges much more quickly using a fraction of the memory required for the batch implementation, without sacrificing solution quality. Our new approach processes 1.3 million single cells from the entire mouse embryo on a laptop in 25 minutes using less than 500 MB of RAM. We also analyze large datasets without downloading them to disk by streaming them over the internet on demand. Furthermore, we construct a single-cell multi-omic cell atlas of the mouse motor cortex by iteratively incorporating eight single-cell RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, single-nucleus ATAC-seq, and single-nucleus DNA methylation datasets generated by the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network.

Our approach obviates the need to recompute results each time additional cells are sequenced, dramatically increases convergence speed, and allows processing of datasets too large to fit in memory or on disk. Most importantly, it facilitates continual refinement of cell identity as new single-cell datasets from different biological contexts and data modalities are generated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.16.909861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Iterative Refinement of Cellular Identity from Single-Cell Data Using Online Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.911362v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AAV Ablates Neurogenesis in the Adult Murine Hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.911362v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has been widely used as a viral vector across mammalian biology and has been shown to be safe and effective in human gene therapy. We demonstrate that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and immature dentate granule cells (DGCs) within the adult murine hippocampus are particularly sensitive to rAAV-induced cell death. Cell loss is dose dependent and nearly complete at experimentally relevant viral titers. rAAV-induced cell death is rapid and persistent, with loss of BrdU-labeled cells within 18 hours post-injection and no evidence of recovery of adult neurogenesis at 3 months post-injection. The remaining mature DGCs appear hyperactive 4 weeks post-injection based on immediate early gene expression, consistent with previous studies investigating the effects of attenuating adult neurogenesis. In vitro application of AAV or electroporation of AAV2 inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) is sufficient to induce cell death. Efficient transduction of the dentate gyrus (DG)--without ablating adult neurogenesis--can be achieved by injection of rAAV2-retro serotyped virus into CA3. rAAV2-retro results in efficient retrograde labeling of mature DGCs and permits in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging of dentate activity while leaving adult neurogenesis intact. These findings expand on recent reports implicating rAAV-linked toxicity in stem cells and other cell types and suggest that future work using rAAV as an experimental tool in the DG and as a gene therapy for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) should be carefully evaluated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parylak, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mac, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloyd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newberry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saavedra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novák, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shtrahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.18.911362</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AAV Ablates Neurogenesis in the Adult Murine Hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.911842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of statistical normalisation on network propagation scores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.911842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationNetwork diffusion and label propagation are fundamental tools in computational biology, with applications like gene-disease association, protein function prediction and module discovery. More recently, several publications have introduced a permutation analysis after the propagation process, due to concerns that network topology can bias diffusion scores. This opens the question of the statistical properties and the presence of bias of such diffusion processes in each of its applications. In this work, we characterised some common null models behind the permutation analysis and the statistical properties of the diffusion scores. We benchmarked seven diffusion scores on three case studies: synthetic signals on a yeast interactome, simulated differential gene expression on a protein-protein interaction network and prospective gene set prediction on another interaction network. For clarity, all the datasets were based on binary labels, but we also present theoretical results for quantitative labels.

ResultsDiffusion scores starting from binary labels were affected by the label codification, and exhibited a problem-dependent topological bias that could be removed by the statistical normalisation. Parametric and non-parametric normalisation addressed both points by being codification-independent and by equalising the bias. We identified and quantified two sources of bias -mean value and variance- that yielded performance differences when normalising the scores. We provided closed formulae for both and showed how the null covariance is related to the spectral properties of the graph. Despite none of the proposed scores systematically outperformed the others, normalisation was preferred when the sought positive labels were not aligned with the bias. We conclude that the decision on bias removal should be problem and data-driven, i.e. based on a quantitative analysis of the bias and its relation to the positive entities.

AvailabilityThe code is publicly available at https://github.com/b2slab/diffuBench

Contactsergi.picart@upc.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Picart-Armada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera-Lluna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.20.911842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of statistical normalisation on network propagation scores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.21.913772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional anatomy of the full length CXCR4-CXCL12 complex systematically dissected by quantitative model-guided mutagenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.21.913772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to their prominent role in development and infamy in cancer and HIV, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand, CXCL12, have been the subject of numerous structural and functional studies. Nevertheless, a high resolution structure of the CXCR4-CXCL12 complex has not been reported. Even with several alternative computational models of the complex at hand, the relative contributions of different interaction epitopes to ligand binding, ligand selectivity and signaling are not readily apparent. Here, building upon our latest structural model, we employed a systematic mutagenesis strategy to dissect the functional anatomy of the of CXCR4-CXCL12 complex. Key charge swap mutagenesis experiments supported pairwise interactions between oppositely charged residues in the receptor and chemokine, confirming the accuracy of the predicted orientation of the chemokine relative to the receptor, while also providing insight into ligand selectivity. Progressive deletion of N-terminal residues revealed an unexpected contribution of the receptor N-terminus to chemokine signaling; this finding challenges a longstanding "two-site" hypothesis about the essential features of the receptor-chemokine interaction where the N-terminus is purported to only contribute to binding affinity. The results suggest that while the interaction of the chemokine N-terminus with the receptor binding pocket is the key driver of signaling, the signaling amplitude depends on the extent to which the receptor N-terminus binds the chemokine. Along with systematic characterization of other epitopes, the current data allow us to propose a comprehensive experimentally-consistent structural model for how the chemokine binds CXCR4 and initiates signal transmission through the receptor TM domain.

One sentence summaryA systematic structure-guided mutagenesis study of chemokine receptor CXCR4 reveals novel insights into epitopes regulating ligand recognition, ligand specificity and CXCL12-mediated signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephens, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.21.913772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional anatomy of the full length CXCR4-CXCL12 complex systematically dissected by quantitative model-guided mutagenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.915702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wnt signaling determines body axis polarity in regenerating Hydra tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.22.915702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How an animal establishes its body axis is a fundamental question in developmental biology. The freshwater cnidarian Hydra is an attractive model for studying axis formation because it is radially symmetric, with a single oral-aboral axis. It was recently proposed that the orientation of the new body axis in a regenerating Hydra is determined by the oral-aboral orientation of the actin-myosin contractile processes (myonemes) in the parent animals outer epithelial layer. However, because the myonemes are not known to possess polarity, it remained unclear how the oral-aboral polarity of the axis would be defined. As Wnt signaling is known to maintain axis polarity in Hydra and bilaterians, we hypothesized that it plays a role in axis specification in excised Hydra tissue pieces. We tested this hypothesis using pharmacological perturbations and novel grafting experiments to set Wnt-derived signals and myoneme orientation perpendicular to each other to determine which controls axis formation. Our results demonstrate that Wnt signaling is the dominant encoder of axis information, in line with its highly conserved role in anterior-posterior patterning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.22.915702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wnt signaling determines body axis polarity in regenerating Hydra tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.26.917476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Giant magnetoresistive biosensors for real-time quantitative detection of protease activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.26.917476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteases are enzymes that cleave proteins and are crucial to physiological processes such as digestion, blood clotting, and wound healing. Unregulated protease activity is a biomarker of several human diseases. Synthetic peptides that are selectively hydrolyzed by a protease of interest can be used as reporter substrates of unregulated protease activity. We developed an activity-based protease sensor by immobilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to the surface of a giant magnetoresistive spin-valve (GMR SV) sensor using peptides. Cleavage of these peptides by a protease, releases the magnetic nanoparticles resulting in a time-dependent change in the local magnetic field. Using this approach, we detected a significant release of MNPs after 3.5 minutes incubation using just 4 nM of the cysteine protease, papain. In addition, we show that proteases in healthy human urine do not release the MNPs, however addition of 20 nM of papain to the urine samples resulted in a time-dependent change in magnetoresistance. This study lays the foundation for using GMR SV sensors as a platform for real-time quantitative detection of protease activity in biological fluids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sveiven, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.26.917476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Giant magnetoresistive biosensors for real-time quantitative detection of protease activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic Organization of Human Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 8% of the general population, with higher rates in extreme stress groups, including combat veterans or victims of sexual assault. Despite extensive study of the neurobiological correlates of PTSD, little is known about its molecular substrates. Here differential gene expression and network analyses of 4 prefrontal cortex (PFC) postmortem subregions of male and female PTSD subjects demonstrates extensive remodeling of the transcriptomic landscape. The data revealed a highly connected down-regulated set of interneuron transcripts in the most significant gene network associated with PTSD and integration of this data with genotype data from the largest PTSD GWAS identified the interneuron synaptic gene ELFN1 as conferring significant genetic liability for PTSD. We also identified marked sexual dimorphism in the transcriptomic signatures that could contribute to the higher rates of PTSD in women. Comparison with a matched major depressive disorder (MDD) cohort revealed significant divergence between the molecular profiles of subjects with PTSD and depression despite their high comorbidity. Our analysis provides convergent systems-level evidence of genomic networks within the PFC that contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSD in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Girgenti, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traumatic Stress Brain Research Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Million Veteran Program,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krystal, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duman, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.27.921403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic Organization of Human Posttraumatic Stress Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.924217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic regulation of the bacterial omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.924217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A characteristic among many marine Gammaproteobacteria is the biosynthesis and incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into membrane phospholipids. Biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids is accomplished using a polyketide/fatty acid synthase mechanism encoded by a set of five genes pfaABCDE. This unique fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway co-exists with the canonical Type II dissociated fatty acid synthesis pathway, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of saturated, monounsaturated, and hydroxylated fatty acids used in phospholipid and lipid A biosynthesis. In this work, a genetic approach was undertaken to elucidate genetic regulation of the pfa genes in the model marine bacterium Photobacterium profundum SS9. Using a reporter gene fusion, we showed that expression of the pfa operon is down regulated in response to exogenous fatty acids, particularly long chain monounsaturated fatty acids. This regulation occurs independently of the canonical fatty acid regulators, FabR and FadR, present in P. profundum SS9. Transposon mutagenesis and screening of a library of mutants identified a novel transcriptional regulator, which we have designated pfaF, to be responsible for the observed regulation of the pfa operon in P. profundum SS9. Gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays confirmed that PfaF binds the pfaA promoter and identified the PfaF binding site.

ImportanceThe production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by marine Gammaproteobacteria, particularly those from deep-sea environments, has been known for decades. These unique fatty acids are produced by a polyketide-type mechanism and subsequently incorporated into the phospholipid membrane. While much research has focused on the biosynthesis genes, their products and the phylogenetic distribution of these gene clusters, no prior studies have detailed the genetic regulation of this pathway. This study describes how this pathway is regulated under various culture conditions and has identified and characterized a fatty acid responsive transcriptional regulator specific to the PUFA biosynthesis pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allemann, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.924217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic regulation of the bacterial omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.925727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early detection of biomarkers for circulating tumor cells in Bone marrow and Peripheral blood in a fast-progressing gastric cancer model. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.925727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Helicobacter pylori poses one of the greatest risks for development of gastric cancer. We previously established a crucial role for myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in the regulation of Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer. Mice deficient in Myd88 rapidly progressed to neoplasia when infected with H. felis, a close relative of H. pylori. For this study we examined circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by measuring expression of cytokeratins, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of gastric cancer models we termed fast (Myd88-/-)- and slow (WT)-"progressors". We detected cytokeratins CK8/18 as early as 3 months post infection in the fast "progressors". In contrast, cytokeratins were not detected in slow "progressor" gastric cancer model even after 7 months post infection. Expression of MUC1 was observed in both bone marrow and peripheral blood at different time points suggesting its role in gastric cancer metastasis. Snail, Twist and ZEB were expressed at different levels in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Expression of these EMT markers suggests manifestation of cancer metastasis in the early stages of disease development. Lgr5, CD44 and CD133 were the most prominent CSC markers detected. Detection of CSC and EMT markers along with cytokeratins does reinforce their use as biomarkers for gastric cancer metastasis. This early detection of markers suggests that CTCs leave primary site even before cancer is well established. Thus, cytokeratins, EMT, and CSCs could be used as biomarkers to detect aggressive forms of gastric cancers. This information will be important in stratifying patients for treatment before the onset of severe disease characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lozano-Pope, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachow, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obonyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.925727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early detection of biomarkers for circulating tumor cells in Bone marrow and Peripheral blood in a fast-progressing gastric cancer model.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Covalent Protein Painting Reveals Structural Changes in the Proteome in Alzheimer Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3D structures of aberrant protein folds have been visualized in exquisite detail, yet no method has been able to quantitatively measure protein misfolding across a proteome. Here, we present Covalent Protein Painting (CPP), a mass spectrometry-based structural proteomics approach to quantify the accessibility of lysine {varepsilon}-amines for chemical modification at the surface of natively folded proteins. We used CPP to survey 2,645 lysine residues in the proteome of HEK293T cells in vivo and found that mild heat shock increased rather than decreased lysine accessibility for chemical modification. CPP was able to differentiate patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) or Lewy body disease (LBD) or both from controls based on relative accessibility of lysine residues K147, K137, and K28 in Tubulin-{beta}, Succinate dehydrogenase, and amyloid-{beta} peptide, respectively. The alterations of Tubulin-{beta} and Succinate dehydrogenase hint to broader perturbations of the proteome in AD beyond amyloid-{beta} and hyper-phosphorylated tau.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bamberger, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Bartolome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.31.929117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Covalent Protein Painting Reveals Structural Changes in the Proteome in Alzheimer Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.931204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast transport of RNA granules by direct interactions with KIF5A/KLC1 motors prevents axon degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.931204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex neural circuitry requires stable connections formed by lengthy axons. To maintain these functional circuits, fast transport delivers RNAs to distal axons where they undergo local translation. However, the mechanism that enables long distance transport of non-membrane enclosed organelles such as RNA granules is not known. Here we demonstrate that a complex containing RNA and the RNA-binding protein (RBP) SFPQ interacts directly with a tetrameric kinesin containing the adaptor KLC1 and the motor KIF5A. We show that binding of SFPQ to KIF5A/KLC1 motor complex is required for axon survival and is impacted by KIF5A mutations that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Disease. Moreover, therapeutic approaches that bypass the need for local translation of SFPQ-bound proteins prevent axon degeneration in CMT models. Collectively, these observations show that non-membrane enclosed organelles can move autonomously and that replacing axonally translated proteins provides a therapeutic approach to axonal degenerative disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Segal, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelmant, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walensky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marto, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhe-Paganon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazyra-Murphy, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasdemir-Yilmaz, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeoh, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangos, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geffken, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.02.931204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast transport of RNA granules by direct interactions with KIF5A/KLC1 motors prevents axon degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish Kit ligands cooperate with erythropoietin to promote erythroid cell expansion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kit ligand (Kitlg) is pleiotropic cytokine with a prominent role in vertebrate erythropoiesis. Although the role of Kitlg in this process has not yet been reported in Danio rerio (zebrafish), in the present study, we show that its function is evolutionary conserved. Zebrafish possess two copies of Kitlg genes (Kitlga and Kitlgb) due to whole genome duplication. To determine the role of each ligand in zebrafish, we performed a series of ex vivo and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments. First, we tested the biological activity of recombinant Kitlg proteins in suspension culture from zebrafish whole kidney marrow and we demonstrate that Kitlga is necessary for expansion of erythroid progenitors ex vivo. To further address the role of kitlga and kitlgb in hematopoietic development in vivo, we performed gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos, showing that both ligands cooperate with erythropoietin (Epo) to promote erythroid cell expansion. Finally, using the kita mutant (kitab5/b5 or sparse), we show that Kita receptor is crucial for Kitlga/b cooperation with Epo in erythroid cells. In summary, using optimized suspension culture conditions with recombinant cytokines (Epo, Kitlga), we are reporting for the first time ex vivo suspension cultures of zebrafish hematopoietic progenitor cells, which can serve as an indispensable tool to study normal and aberrant hematopoiesis in zebrafish. Furthermore, we conclude that although partial functional diversification of Kit ligands has been described in other processes, in erythroid development, both paralogs play a similar role and their function is evolutionary conserved.

Key points: O_LIKit signaling contributes to erythroid cell development and is conserved from fish to man
C_LIO_LIEx vivo expansion and self-renewal of zebrafish erythroid progenitors requires addition of recombinant Kitlga
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oltova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svatonova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartunek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.931634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish Kit ligands cooperate with erythropoietin to promote erythroid cell expansion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of peroxisome and lipid droplet hitchhiking by PxdA and the DipA phosphatase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In canonical microtubule-based transport, adaptor proteins link cargos to the molecular motors dynein and kinesin. Recently, an alternative mode of transport known as  hitchhiking was discovered, in which a cargo achieves motility by hitching a ride on an already-motile cargo, rather than attaching to a motor protein. Hitchhiking has been best-studied in two filamentous fungi, Aspergillus nidulans and Ustilago maydis. In U. maydis, ribonucleoprotein complexes, peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum all hitchhike on early endosomes. In A. nidulans, peroxisomes hitchhike using a putative molecular linker, PxdA, that associates with early endosomes. However, whether other organelles use PxdA to hitchhike on early endosomes is unclear, as are the molecular mechanisms that regulate hitchhiking in A. nidulans. Here we find that the proper distribution of lipid droplets, mitochondria and autophagosomes do not require PxdA, suggesting that PxdA is a molecular linker specific to peroxisomes. We also identify two new pxdA alleles, including a point mutation (R2044P) that disrupts PxdAs ability to associate with early endosomes and reduces peroxisome movement. Finally, we identify a novel regulator of peroxisome hitchhiking, the phosphatase DipA. DipA co-localizes with early endosomes and its early endosome-association relies on PxdA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salogiannis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Maldonado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of peroxisome and lipid droplet hitchhiking by PxdA and the DipA phosphatase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Twist, Snail, and Sox9 form an allosterically regulated complex, the EMTosome, on a bipartite E-box site. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.932962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) of primary tumor cells is a critical trans-differentiation event that contributes to dissemination and metastasis. The process of EMT is controlled by specific DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) that reprogram the tumor transcriptome. In particular, the canonical EMT-TFs Twist and Snail can induce an EMT program when overexpressed in cancer cells, and both are found upregulated in metastatic cancers. Twist and Snail bind DNA directly, by recognition to variants of the E-Box sequence CANNTG. However, it is unclear how this binding is regulated. We have used a biochemical approach to dissect DNA binding and protein-protein interactions that occur amongst these proteins. We find that Twist preferentially recognizes a dyad repeat of E-boxes that are not directly bound by Snail. Our data suggest that Twist use its WR domain to recruit Snail into a binding complex through the Snail zinc-finger motifs. We analyzed Twist-Snail complexes in the breast carcinoma cell line SUM1315 and found evidence that it contains an additional protein partner, Sox9. Notably, we report that a native Twist complex can be displaced from its dyad binding site by consensus DNA binding sites for Snail and Sox9 even though these proteins do not contact the Twist dyad site. Taken together, our findings suggest that Snail and Sox9 interact with Twist to regulate its DNA binding ability via protein-protein interactions, thereby allosterically regulating Twist DNA binding. We designate this ternary complex EMTosome. These results may inform efforts to therapeutically target the EMT program in order to target cancer metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCracken, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyanathan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauscher, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauscher, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.932962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Twist, Snail, and Sox9 form an allosterically regulated complex, the EMTosome, on a bipartite E-box site.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.934414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microstructural meal pattern analysis reveals that nicotine is a potent anti-anorectic drug despite producing long-term anorexigenic effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.04.934414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nicotine consumption in both human and animal studies has been strongly associated with changes in feeding-related behaviors and metabolism. The current dogma is that chronic nicotine decreases food intake and increases metabolism, leading to lower body weight. However, the effect of acute nicotine intake on feeding is unclear. The present study employed microstructural and macrostructural behavioral analyses to elucidate changes in feeding behavior in animals that intravenously self-administered nicotine. At the microstructural level (seconds to minutes), nicotine increased feeding and drinking behavior during the first 5 minutes after nicotine self-administration. This effect was also observed in animals that passively received nicotine, but the effect was not observed in animals that self-administered saline or passively received saline. At the macrostructural level (hours to days), nicotine decreased body weight gain, decreased feeding, and was associated with increases in feeding and body weight gain during abstinence. These results suggest that nicotine first produces anti-anorectic effects before producing long-term anorexigenic effects. These results challenge the notion that nicotine is an anorexigenic drug and paradoxically suggest that the anorexigenic effects of nicotine may be a long-term consequence of acute anti-anorectic effects of nicotine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shankar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambroggi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.04.934414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microstructural meal pattern analysis reveals that nicotine is a potent anti-anorectic drug despite producing long-term anorexigenic effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.938753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomere length heterogeneity in ALT cells is maintained by PML-dependent localization of the BTR complex to telomeres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.938753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomeres consist of TTAGGG repeats bound by protein complexes that serve to protect the natural end of linear chromosomes. Most cells maintain telomere repeat lengths by utilizing the enzyme telomerase, although there are some cancer cells that use a telomerase-independent mechanism of telomere extension, termed Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). Cells that employ ALT are characterized, in part, by the presence of specialized PML nuclear bodies called ALT-associated PML-Bodies (APBs). APBs localize to and cluster telomeric ends together with telomeric and DNA damage factors, which led to the proposal that these bodies act as a platform on which ALT can occur. However, the necessity of APBs and their function in the ALT pathway has remained unclear. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to delete PML and APB components from ALT-positive cells to cleanly define the function of APBs in ALT. We find that PML is required for the ALT mechanism, and that this necessity stems from APBs role in localizing the BLM-TOP3A-RMI (BTR) complex to ALT telomere ends. Strikingly, recruitment of the BTR complex to telomeres in a PML-independent manner bypasses the need for PML in the ALT pathway, suggesting that BTR localization to telomeres is sufficient to sustain ALT activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loe, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azeroglu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boddy, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazzerini Denchi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.938753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomere length heterogeneity in ALT cells is maintained by PML-dependent localization of the BTR complex to telomeres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.938894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Negative selection on human genes causing severe inborn errors depends on disease outcome and both the mode and mechanism of inheritance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.938894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenetic variants underlying severe diseases are less likely to be transmitted to the next generation, and are thus gradually and selectively eliminated from the population through negative selection. Here, we study the determinants of this evolutionary process in genes underlying severe diseases in humans.

ResultsWe propose a novel approach, CoNeS, integrating known negative selection scores through principal component projection. We compare evidence for negative selection at 319 genes underlying inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which are life-threatening monogenic disorders. We find that genes underlying autosomal dominant (AD) or X-linked IEI are under stronger negative selection than those underlying autosomal recessive (AR) IEI, which are under no stronger selection than genes not known to be disease-causing. However, we find that genes with mutations causing AR IEI that are lethal before reproductive maturity and that display complete penetrance are under stronger negative selection than other genes underlying AR IEI. We also find that genes underlying AD IEI by haploinsufficiency are under stronger negative selection than other genes underlying AD IEI. Finally, we replicate these results in a study of 1,140 genes causing inborn errors of neurodevelopment.

ConclusionsThese findings collectively show that the clinical outcomes of inborn errors, together with the mode and mechanism of inheritance of these errors, determine the strength of negative selection acting on severe disease-causing genes. These findings suggest that estimating the intensity of negative selection with CoNeS may facilitate the selection of candidate genes in patients suspected to carry an inborn error.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rapaport, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beziat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisson-Dupuis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jouanguy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintana-Murci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.938894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Negative selection on human genes causing severe inborn errors depends on disease outcome and both the mode and mechanism of inheritance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.939256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autism-linked Cullin3 germline haploinsufficiency impacts cytoskeletal dynamics and cortical neurogenesis through RhoA signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.939256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
E3-ubiquitin ligase Cullin3 (Cul3) is a high confidence risk gene for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Developmental Delay (DD). To investigate how Cul3 mutations impact brain development, we generated haploinsufficient Cul3 mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering. Cul3 mutant mice exhibited social and cognitive deficits and hyperactive behavior. Brain MRI found decreased volume of cortical regions and changes in many other brain regions of Cul3 mutant mice starting from early postnatal development. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of the brain implicated neurogenesis and cytoskeletal defects as key drivers of Cul3 functional impact. Specifically, dendritic growth, filamentous actin puncta, and spontaneous network activity were reduced in Cul3 mutant mice. Inhibition of small GTPase RhoA, a molecular substrate of Cul3 ligase, rescued dendrite length and network activity phenotypes. Our study identified neuronal cytoskeleton and Rho signaling as primary targets of Cul3 mutation during early brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramod, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, N.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran-Losada, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellegood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urresti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.939256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autism-linked Cullin3 germline haploinsufficiency impacts cytoskeletal dynamics and cortical neurogenesis through RhoA signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.944751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strong inhibitory signaling underlies stable temporal dynamics and working memory in spiking neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.944751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical neurons process information on multiple timescales, and areas important for working memory (WM) contain neurons capable of integrating information over a long timescale. However, the underlying mechanisms for the emergence of neuronal timescales stable enough to support WM are unclear. By analyzing a spiking recurrent neural network (RNN) model trained on a WM task and activity of single neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex, we show that the temporal properties of our model and the neural data are remarkably similar. Dissecting our RNN model revealed strong inhibitory-to-inhibitory connections underlying a disinhibitory microcircuit as a critical component for long neuronal timescales and WM maintenance. We also found that enhancing inhibitory-to-inhibitory connections led to more stable temporal dynamics and improved task performance. Finally, we show that a network with such microcircuitry can perform other tasks without disrupting its pre-existing timescale architecture, suggesting that strong inhibitory signaling underlies a flexible WM network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.944751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strong inhibitory signaling underlies stable temporal dynamics and working memory in spiking neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.945477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic roles of NOT1 paralogues in the timing of gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.945477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NOT1 is the scaffold of the CCR4-NOT complex, a highly conserved multi-protein complex that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. As opposed to most eukaryotes in which NO1 is encoded by a single gene, malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, carry two NOT1 paralogues, PfNOT1.1 and PfNOT1.2. Here we showed that the two PfNOT1 proteins function as mutually exclusive scaffolds within the PfCCR4-NOT protein complexes that are abundantly located in the parasite cytoplasm. Intriguingly, the two PfNOT1 paralogues appear to have directly opposing functions in regulation of mRNA abundance across the P. falciparum IDC, in which PfNTO1.1 and PfNOT1.2 induces and suppresses transcript abundance during their active transcription, respectively. Targeted disruption of either of the PfNOT1 gene causes defective growth and lower invasion rates presumably due to the deregulation the P. falciparum IDC transcriptional cascade. We also demonstrate that the regulatory function of both PfNOT1.1 and PfNOT1.2 are related to another PfCCR4-NOT subunit, PfCaf1, which indicates their activity during post-transcriptional regulation. Indeed RNA decay studies suggest the active role of both PfNOT1 proteins in regulation of mRNA stability in a directly opposing manner.

Author summaryCCR4-NOT complex is a highly conserved multi-protein complex that regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. NOT1 serves as the scaffold of the complex and plays important roles in gene regulation both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. As opposed to other eukaryotes, P. falciparum encodes two paralogues of PfNOT1, raising the question as to the significance to possess an additional copy of PfNOT1 in the parasite. Here we described antagonistic regulatory functions of two PfNOT1 paralogues in gene expression during the 48-hour intraerythrocytic developmental cycle. We also reported that their regulatory functions are predominantly post-transcriptional and proposed a model in which distinct PfCCR4-NOT complexes defined by mutually exclusive PfNOT1 scaffolds differentially regulate PfCAF1 function in mRNA decay. This study highlights the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in P. falciparum and provides novel insights into mechanisms of gene regulation in this organism. The unique presence of two PfNOT1 paralogues may also open avenues for the development of new drug targets for anti-malarial control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Featherstone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozdech, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.945477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic roles of NOT1 paralogues in the timing of gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.16.951699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole exome precision oncology targeting synthetic lethal vulnerabilities across the tumor transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.16.951699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precision oncology has made significant advances in the last few years, mainly by targeting actionable mutations in cancer driver genes. However, the proportion of patients whose tumors can be targeted therapeutically remains limited. Recent studies have begun to explore the benefit of analyzing tumor transcriptomics data to guide patient treatment, raising the need for new approaches for systematically accomplishing that. Here we show that computationally derived genetic interactions can successfully predict patient response. Assembling a broad repertoire of 32 datasets spanning more than 1,500 patients and including both tumor transcriptomics and response data, we predicted the response in 17 out of 21 targeted and 8 out of 11 checkpoint therapy datasets across 8 different cancer types with considerable accuracy, without ever training on these datasets. Analyzing the recently published multi-arm WINTHER trial, we show that the fraction of patients benefitting from transcriptomic-based treatments could potentially be markedly increased from 15% to about 85% by targeting synthetic lethal vulnerabilities in their tumors. In summary, this is the first computational approach to obtain considerable predictive performance across many different targeted and immunotherapy datasets, providing a promising new way for guiding cancer treatment based on the tumor transcriptomics of cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurzrock, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannenhalli, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldape, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.16.951699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole exome precision oncology targeting synthetic lethal vulnerabilities across the tumor transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.952457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRE1? regulates macrophage polarization, PD-L1 expression and tumor survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.952457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the tumor microenvironment local immune dysregulation is driven in part by macrophages and dendritic cells that are polarized to a mixed proinflammatory/immune suppressive phenotype. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is emerging as the possible origin of these events. Here we report that the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) branch of the UPR is directly involved in the polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo, including the upregulation of IL-6, IL-23, Arginase1, as well as surface expression of CD86 and PD-L1. Macrophages in which the IRE1/Xbp1 axis is blocked pharmacologically or deleted genetically have significantly reduced polarization, and CD86 and PD-L1 expression, which was induced independent of IFN{gamma} signaling suggesting a novel mechanism in PD-L1 regulation in macrophages. Mice with IRE1- but not Xbp1-deficient macrophages showed greater survival than controls when implanted with B16.F10 melanoma cells. Remarkably, we found a significant association between the IRE1 gene signature and CD274 gene expression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages in humans. RNASeq analysis showed that bone marrow derived macrophages with IRE1 deletion lose the integrity of the gene connectivity characteristic of regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) and the ability to activate CD274 gene expression. Thus, the IRE1/Xbp1 axis drives the polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment initiating a complex immune dysregulation leading to failure of local immune surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batista, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodvold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Searles, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwawaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almanza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weller, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.952457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRE1? regulates macrophage polarization, PD-L1 expression and tumor survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.955005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acoustogenetic Control of CAR T Cells via Focused Ultrasound 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.955005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optogenetics can control specific molecular events in living systems, but the penetration depth of light is typically limited at hundreds of micrometers. Focused ultrasound (FUS), on the other hand, can deliver energy safely and noninvasively into tissues at depths of centimeters. Here we have developed an acoustogenetic approach using short-pulsed FUS to remotely and directly control the genetics and cellular functions of engineered mammalian cells for therapeutic purposes. We applied this acoustogenetic approach to control chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with high spatiotemporal precision, aiming to mitigate the potentially lethal "on-target off-tumor" effects of CAR T cell therapy. We first verified the controllability of our acoustogenetic CAR T cells in recognizing and killing tumor cells in vitro, and then applied this approach in vivo to suppress tumor growth of both lymphoma and prostate cancers. The results indicate that FUS-based acoustogenetics can allow the noninvasive and remote activation, without any exogenous cofactor, of different types of CAR T cells for cancer therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>WU, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limsakul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bussell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.955005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acoustogenetic Control of CAR T Cells via Focused Ultrasound]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.956391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Commensal oral Rothia mucilaginosa produces enterobactin - a metal chelating siderophore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.956391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Next-generation sequencing studies of saliva and dental plaque from subjects in both healthy and diseased states have identified bacteria belonging to the Rothia genus as ubiquitous members of the oral microbiota. To gain a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the chemical ecology of this unexplored group, we applied a genome mining approach that targets functionally important biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). All 45 genomes that were mined, representing Rothia mucilaginosa, R. dentocariosa and R. aeria, harbored a catechol-siderophore-like BGC. To explore siderophore production further we grew the previously characterized R. mucilaginosa ATCC 25296 in liquid cultures, amended with glycerol, which led to the identification of the archetype siderophore enterobactin by using tandem Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Normally attributed to pathogenic gut bacteria, R. mucilaginosa is the first commensal oral bacterium found to produce enterobactin. Co-cultivation studies including R. mucilaginosa or purified enterobactin revealed that enterobactin reduced growth of certain strains of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans and pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Commensal oral bacteria were either unaffected by, reduced in growth, or induced to grow adjacent to enterobactin producing R. mucilaginosa or the pure compound. Taken together with Rothias known capacity to ferment a variety of carbohydrates and amino acids, our findings of enterobactin production adds an additional level of explanation to R. mucilaginosas colonization success of the oral cavity. Enterobactin is the strongest Fe(III)-binding siderophore known, and its role in oral health requires further investigation.

ImportanceThe communication language of the human oral microbiota is vastly underexplored. However, a few studies have shown that specialized small molecules encoded by BGCs have critical roles such as in colonization resistance against pathogens and quorum sensing. Here, by using a genome mining approach in combination with compound screening of growth cultures, we identified that the commensal oral community member mucilaginosa harbors a catecholate-siderophore BGC, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of enterobactin. The iron-scavenging role of enterobactin is known to have positive effects on the hosts iron pool and negative effects on host immune function, however its role in oral health remains unexplored. R. mucilaginosa was previously identified as an abundant community member in cystic fibrosis, where bacterial iron cycling plays a major role in virulence development. With respect to irons broad biological importance, iron-chelating enterobactin may explain R. mucilaginosas colonization success in both health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uranga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.956391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Commensal oral Rothia mucilaginosa produces enterobactin - a metal chelating siderophore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.963629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
B cells expressing authentic naive human VRC01-class BCRs can be primed and recruited to germinal centers in multiple independent mouse models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.963629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal models of human antigen-specific B cell receptors (BCR) generally depend on "inferred germline" sequences, and thus their relationship to authentic naive human B cell BCR sequences and affinities is unclear. Here, BCR sequences from authentic naive human VRC01-class B cells from healthy human donors were selected for the generation of three new BCR knock-in mice. The BCRs span the physiological range of affinities found in humans, and use three different light chains (VK3-20, VK1-5, and VK1-33) found among subclasses of naive human VRC01-class B cells and HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). The germline-targeting HIV immunogen eOD-GT8 60mer is currently in clinical trial as a candidate bnAb vaccine priming immunogen. To attempt to model human immune responses to the eOD-GT8 60mer, we tested each authentic naive human VRC01-class BCR mouse model under rare human physiological B cell precursor frequency conditions. B cells with high (HuGL18HL) or medium (HuGL17HL) affinity BCRs were primed, recruited to germinal centers, accrued substantial somatic hypermutation, and formed memory B cells. Precursor frequency and affinity interdependently influenced responses. Taken together, these experiments utilizing authentic naive human VRC01-class BCRs validate a central tenet of germline-targeting vaccine design and extend the overall concept of the reverse vaccinology approach to vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havenar-Daughton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skog, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Kolla, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groschel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blane, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thinnes, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volpi, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pintea, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelps, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tingle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupryianov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schief, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemazee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.24.963629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[B cells expressing authentic naive human VRC01-class BCRs can be primed and recruited to germinal centers in multiple independent mouse models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.965343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep neural networks identify context-specific determinants of transcription factor binding affinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.965343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA by recognizing highly specific DNA sequence motifs, typically of length 6-12bp. A TF motif can occur tens of thousands of times in the human genome, but only a small fraction of those sites are actually bound. Despite the availability of genome-wide TF binding maps for hundreds of TFs, predicting whether a given motif occurrence is bound and identifying the influential context features remain challenging. Here we present a machine learning framework leveraging existing convolutional neural network architectures and state of the art model interpretation techniques to identify, visualize, and interpret context features most important for determining binding activity for a particular TF. We apply our framework to predict binding at motifs for 38 TFs in a lymphoblastoid cell line and achieve superior classification performance compared to existing frameworks. We compute importance scores for context regions at single base pair resolution and uncover known and novel determinants of TF binding. Finally, we demonstrate that important context bases are under increased purifying selection compared to nearby bases and are enriched in disease-associated variants identified by genome-wide association studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.26.965343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep neural networks identify context-specific determinants of transcription factor binding affinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.966747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut Microbiome Pattern Reflects Healthy Aging and Predicts Extended Survival in Humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.966747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome has important effects on human health, yet its importance in human aging remains unclear. Using two independent cohorts comprising 4582 individuals across the adult lifespan we demonstrate that, starting in mid-to-late adulthood, gut microbiomes become increasingly unique with age. This uniqueness pattern is strongly associated with gut microbial amino acid derivatives circulating within the bloodstream, many of which have been previously identified as longevity biomarkers. At the latest stages of human life, two distinct patterns emerge wherein individuals in good health show continued microbial drift toward a unique compositional state, while the same drift is absent in individuals who perform worse on a number of validated health measures. The identified healthy aging pattern is characterized by an overall depletion of core genera found across most humans - primarily a depletion in the nearly ubiquitous genus Bacteroides. Consistently, retaining a high Bacteroides dominance into extreme age, or, equivalently, having a low gut microbiome uniqueness score, predicts decreased survival in a four-year follow-up. Our comprehensive analysis identifies the gut microbiome as a novel component of healthy aging, with important implications for the worlds growing older population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilmanski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diener, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappaport, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patwardhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiedrick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapidus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earls, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glusman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kado, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauley, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zmuda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magis, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovejoy, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbons, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hood, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orwoll, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.26.966747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut Microbiome Pattern Reflects Healthy Aging and Predicts Extended Survival in Humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.961391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TP53 abnormalities correlate with immune infiltration and are associated with response to flotetuzumab, an investigational immunotherapy, in acute myeloid leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.28.961391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeSomatic TP53 mutations and 17p deletions with genomic loss of TP53 occur in 37-46% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases with adverse risk cytogenetics and are associated with primary induction failure (PIF), high risk of relapse and dismal prognosis. Herein, we aimed to characterize the immune landscape of TP53 mutated AML and to determine whether TP53 abnormalities identify a patient subgroup that may benefit from T-cell targeting immunotherapy approaches.

Experimental DesignThe NanoString Pan-Cancer IO 360 assay was used for the immune transcriptomic analysis of 64 diagnostic bone marrow (BM) samples from adults with TP53 mutated AML (n=42) or TP53 wild type AML (n=22), and 35 BM samples from heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML (11 cases with TP53 mutations and/or 17p deletion with genomic loss of TP53) who received immunotherapy with flotetuzumab, an investigational CD123xCD3 bispecific DART(R) molecule (NCT02152956). In silico data series included The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and a Dutch-Belgian Cooperative Trial Group for Hematology-Oncology (HOVON) cohort.

ResultsAll TCGA cases with TP53 mutations (n=13) expressed higher levels of negative immune checkpoints, inflammatory chemokines, interferon (IFN)-{gamma}-inducible molecules, and had a higher tumor inflammation signature (TIS) score, compared with TCGA cases with other risk-defining molecular lesions. The comparison between TP53 mutated and TP53 wild type primary BM samples showed higher expression of IFNG, FoxP3, immune checkpoints and markers of exhaustion and senescence in the former cohort and allowed the computation of a 34-gene immune classifier prognostic for overall survival. In vitro modeling experiments with AML cell lines showed heightened expression of IFN-{gamma} and inflammation pathway genes in KG-1 cells (loss-of-function mutation of TP53) compared with Kasumi-1 cells (gain-of-function mutation of TP53). Finally, 5 out of 11 (45.5%) patients with R/R AML and TP53 abnormalities showed evidence of anti-leukemic activity of flotetuzumab immunotherapy and had higher TIS, FoxP3, CD8 T-cell abundance, inflammatory chemokine and PD1 gene expression scores at baseline compared with non-responders.

ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for a correlation between IFN-{gamma}-dominant immune subtypes and TP53 abnormalities. The anti-leukemic activity with flotetuzumab encourages further study of this immunotherapeutic approach in this patient subgroup.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadakekolathu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hood, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldoss, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieduwilt, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arellano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravandi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweet, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altmann, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foulds, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolzel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middeke, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciciarello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valk, P. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowenberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornhauser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPersio, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson-Moncada, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.28.961391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TP53 abnormalities correlate with immune infiltration and are associated with response to flotetuzumab, an investigational immunotherapy, in acute myeloid leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.955443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ConsHMM Atlas: conservation state annotations for major genomes and human genetic variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.955443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ConsHMM is a method recently introduced to annotate genomes into conservation states, which are defined based on the combinatorial and spatial patterns of which species align to and match a reference genome in a multi-species DNA sequence alignment. Previously, ConsHMM was only applied to a single genome for one multi-species sequence alignment. Here we apply ConsHMM to produce 22 additional genome annotations covering human and seven other organisms for a variety of multi-species alignments. Additionally, we have extended ConsHMM to generate allele specific annotations, which we used to produce conservation state annotations for every possible single nucleotide mutation in the human genome. Finally, we provide a web interface to interactively visualize parameters and annotation enrichments for ConsHMM models. These annotations and visualizations comprise the ConsHMM Atlas, which we expect will be a valuable resource for analyzing a variety of major genomes and genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arneson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felsheim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.955443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ConsHMM Atlas: conservation state annotations for major genomes and human genetic variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.973578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular determinants and heterogeneity of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T lymphocytes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.973578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During an immune response to microbial infection, CD8+ T cells give rise to distinct classes of cellular progeny that coordinately mediate clearance of the pathogen and provide long-lasting protection against reinfection, including a subset of non-circulating tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells that mediate potent protection within non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-sequencing to examine the gene expression patterns of individual CD8+ T cells in the spleen and small intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte (siIEL) compartment throughout the course of their differentiation in response to viral infection. These analyses revealed previously unknown transcriptional heterogeneity within the siIEL CD8+ T cell population at several states of differentiation, representing functionally distinct TRM cell subsets as well as a subset of TRM cell precursors within the tissue early in infection. Taken together, these findings may inform strategies to optimize CD8+ T cell responses to protect against microbial infection and cancer.

One sentence summaryHere, we applied single-cell RNA-sequencing to elucidate the gene expression patterns of individual CD8+ T cells differentiating throughout the course of infection in the spleen and small intestinal epithelium, which revealed previously unidentified molecular determinants of tissue-resident T cell differentiation as well as functional heterogeneity within the tissue-resident CD8+ T cell population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurd, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omilusik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widjaja, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanbar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olvera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tysl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quezada, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.02.973578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular determinants and heterogeneity of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T lymphocytes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.968750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed relative and absolute quantitative immunopeptidomics reveals MHC I repertoire alterations induced by CDK4/6 inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.968750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptides bound to class I major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) play a critical role in immune cell recognition and can trigger an antitumor immune response in cancer. Surface MHC levels can be modulated by anticancer agents, altering immunity. However, understanding the peptide repertoires response to treatment remains challenging and is limited by quantitative mass spectrometry-based strategies lacking robust normalization controls. We describe a novel approach that leverages recombinant heavy isotope-coded peptide MHCs (hipMHCs) and multiplex isotope tagging to quantify peptide repertoire alterations using low sample input. HipMHCs improve quantitative accuracy of peptide repertoire changes by normalizing for variation across analyses and enable absolute quantification using internal calibrants to determine copies per cell of MHC antigens, which can inform immunotherapy design. Applying this platform in melanoma to profile the immunopeptidome response to CDK4/6 inhibition and interferon gamma, known modulators of antigen presentation, we uncovered treatment-specific alterations, connecting the intracellular response to extracellular immune presentation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stopfer, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesfin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joughin, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauffenburger, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.968750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed relative and absolute quantitative immunopeptidomics reveals MHC I repertoire alterations induced by CDK4/6 inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.974170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The contribution of de novo tandem repeat mutations to autism spectrum disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.974170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early onset developmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction and restrictive or repetitive behaviors1,2. Family studies demonstrate that ASD has a significant genetic basis3 with contributions both from inherited and de novo variants. While the majority of variance in liability to ASD is estimated to arise from common genetic variation4, it has been estimated that de novo mutations may contribute to 30% of all simplex cases, in which only a single child is affected per family5. Tandem repeats (TRs), consisting of approximately 1-20bp motifs repeated in tandem, comprise one of the largest sources of de novo mutations in humans6. Yet, largely due to technical challenges they present, de novo TR mutations have not yet been characterized on a genome-wide scale, and their contribution to ASD remains unexplored. Here, we develop novel bioinformatics tools for identifying and prioritizing de novo TR mutations from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data and use these to perform a genome-wide characterization of de novo TR mutations in ASD-affected probands and unaffected siblings. Compared to recent work on TRs in ASD7, we explicitly infer mutation events and their precise changes in repeat copy number, and primarily focus on more prevalent stepwise copy number changes rather than large or complex expansions. Our results demonstrate a significant genome-wide excess of TR mutations in ASD probands. TR mutations in probands tend to be larger, enriched in fetal brain regulatory regions, and predicted to be more evolutionarily deleterious compared to mutations observed in unaffected siblings. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering repeat variants in future studies of de novo mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mitra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanicky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shleizer-Burko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.974170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The contribution of de novo tandem repeat mutations to autism spectrum disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.977355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic elucidation of complex biochemical traits mediating maize innate immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.977355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Specialized metabolites constitute key layers of immunity underlying crop resistance; however, challenges in resolving complex pathways limit our understanding of their functions and applications. In maize (Zea mays) the inducible accumulation of acidic terpenoids is increasingly considered as a defense regulating disease resistance. To understand maize antibiotic biosynthesis, we integrated association mapping, pan-genome multi-omic correlations, enzyme structure-function studies, and targeted mutagenesis. We now define ten genes in three zealexin (Zx) gene clusters comprised of four sesquiterpene synthases and six cytochrome P450s that collectively drive the production of diverse antibiotic cocktails. Quadruple mutants blocked in the production of {beta}-macrocarpene exhibit a broad-spectrum loss of disease resistance. Genetic redundancies ensuring pathway resiliency to single null mutations are combined with enzyme substrate-promiscuity creating a biosynthetic hourglass pathway utilizing diverse substrates and in vivo combinatorial chemistry to yield complex antibiotic blends. The elucidated genetic basis of biochemical phenotypes underlying disease resistance demonstrates a predominant maize defense pathway and informs innovative strategies for transferring chemical immunity between crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weckwerth, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poretsky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saldivar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, A.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremling, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckler, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kono, T. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohlmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalil, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betsiashvili, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zerbe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmelz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huffaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.977355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic elucidation of complex biochemical traits mediating maize innate immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.05.979146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional delineation of tissue-resident CD8 T cell heterogeneity during infection and cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.05.979146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unremitting defense against diverse pathogens and malignancies requires a dynamic and durable immune response. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW) afford robust protection against infection and cancer progression through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we provide insight into how TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW confer potent and persistent immunity through partitioning of distinct cellular subsets differing in longevity, effector function, and multipotency. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells localized to the epithelium of the small intestine are primarily comprised of a shorter-lived effector population most prominent early following both acute viral and bacterial infections, and a longer-lived Id3hi TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW population that subsequently accumulates at later memory timepoints. We define regulatory gene-programs driving these distinct TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW states, and further clarify roles for Blimp1, T-bet, Id2, and Id3 in supporting and maintaining intestinal TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW heterogeneity during infection. Further, through single-cell RNAseq analysis we demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes broadly differentiate into discrete populations of short-lived and long-lived TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW-like subsets, which share qualities with terminally-exhausted and progenitor-exhausted cells, respectively. As the clinical relevance of TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW continues to widen from acute infections to settings of chronic inflammation and malignancy, clarification of the spectrum of phenotypic and functional states exhibited by CD8+ T cells that reside in non-lymphoid tissues will provide a framework for understanding their regulation and identity in diverse pathophysiological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Milner, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurd, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Q. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quezada, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widjaja, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witherden, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowl, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omilusik, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.05.979146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional delineation of tissue-resident CD8 T cell heterogeneity during infection and cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.981316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
One-Day Construction Of Multiplex Arrays to Harness Natural CRISPR Systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.981316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas systems are prokaryotic immune systems that have proliferated widely not only in bacteria and archaea, but also much more recently, in human biological research and applications. Much work to date has utilized synthetic sgRNAs along with the CRISPR nuclease Cas9, but the discovery of array-processing nucleases now allows the use of more compact, natural CRISPR arrays in heterologous hosts, in addition to organisms with endogenous systems. Unfortunately, the construction of multiplex natural CRISPR arrays remains technically challenging, expensive, and/or time-consuming. This limitation hampers research involving natural CRISPR arrays in both native and heterologous hosts. To address this problem, we present a method to assemble CRISPR arrays that is simple, rapid, affordable, and highly scalable - we assembled 9-spacer arrays with one days worth of work. We used this method to harness the endogenous CRISPR system of the highly competent bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi, showing that while single spacers are not always completely effective at blocking DNA acquisition through natural competence, multiplex natural CRISPR arrays enable both nearly complete DNA exclusion and genome editing, including with multiple targets for both. In addition to demonstrating a CRISPR array assembly method that will benefit a variety of applications, we also find a potential bet-hedging strategy for balancing CRISPR defense vs. DNA acquisition in naturally competent A. baylyi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.981316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[One-Day Construction Of Multiplex Arrays to Harness Natural CRISPR Systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.08.982645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence for a biological source of widespread, reproducible nighttime oxygen spikes in tropical reef ecosystems has implications for coral health 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.08.982645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary producers release oxygen as the by-product of photosynthetic light reactions during the day. However, a prevalent, globally-occurring nighttime spike in dissolved oxygen in the absence of light challenges the traditional assumption that biological oxygen production is limited to daylight hours, particularly in tropical coral reefs. Here we show: 1) the widespread nature of this phenomenon, 2) its reproducibility across tropical marine ecosystems, 3) the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on this phenomenon across numerous datasets, and 4) the observation of nighttime oxygen spikes in vitro from incubations of coral reef benthic organisms. The data from this study demonstrate that in addition to physical forcing, biological processes are likely responsible for increasing dissolved oxygen at night. Additionally, we demonstrate an association between these nighttime oxygen spikes and measures of both net community calcification and net community production. These results suggest that nighttime oxygen spikes are likely a biological response associated with increased respiration and are most prominent in communities dominated by calcifying organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeshita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, E. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeij, M. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roach, T. N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohwer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.08.982645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence for a biological source of widespread, reproducible nighttime oxygen spikes in tropical reef ecosystems has implications for coral health]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combined membrane potential imaging and connectome of behavioral circuits in an annelid worm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dorsal Excitor motor neuron DE-3 in the medicinal leech plays three very different dynamical roles in three different behaviors. Without rewiring its anatomical connectivity, how can a motor neuron dynamically switch roles to play appropriate roles in various behaviors? We previously used voltage-sensitive dye imaging to record from DE-3 and most other neurons in the leech segmental ganglion during (fictive) swimming, crawling, and local-bend escape (Tomina and Wagenaar, 2017). Here, we repeated that experiment, then re-imaged the same ganglion using serial blockface electron microscopy and traced all of DE-3s processes. Further, we traced back the processes of all of DE-3s presynaptic partners to their respective somata. This allowed us to analyze the relationship between circuit anatomy and the activity patterns it sustains. We found that input synapses important for all of the behaviors were widely distributed over DE-3s branches, yet that functional clusters were different during (fictive) swimming vs. crawling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashaber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomina, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassraian-Fard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristan, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagenaar, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.984013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combined membrane potential imaging and connectome of behavioral circuits in an annelid worm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZNF423 orthologs are highly constrained in vertebrates but show domain-level plasticity across invertebrate lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ZNF423 encodes 30 C2H2 zinc fingers that bind DNA and a variety of lineage- and signal-dependent transcription factors. ZNF423 genetic variants are proposed to cause neurodevelopmental and ciliopathy-related disorders in humans. Mouse models show midline brain defects, including cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and defects in adipogenesis. Here I show strong protein sequence constraint among 165 vertebrate orthologs. In contrast, orthologs from invertebrate lineages, spanning larger time intervals, show substantial differences in zinc finger number, arrangement, and identity. A terminal zinc finger cluster common among other lineages was independently lost in vertebrates and insects. Surprisingly, a moderately-constrained non-C2H2 sequence with potential to form a C4-class zinc finger is a previously-unrecognized conserved feature of nearly all identified homologs. These results highlight evolutionary dynamics of a likely signal integration node across species with distinct developmental strategies and body plans. Functions of the newly identified C4-like sequence and lineage-specific fingers remain to be studied.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.984518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZNF423 orthologs are highly constrained in vertebrates but show domain-level plasticity across invertebrate lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.986281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gamma activity accelerates during prefrontal development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.986281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gamma oscillations are a prominent activity pattern in the cerebral cortex. While gamma rhythms have been extensively studied in the adult prefrontal cortex in the context of cognitive (dys)functions, little is known about their development. We addressed this issue by using extracellular recordings and optogenetic stimulations in mice across postnatal development. We show that fast rhythmic activity in the prefrontal cortex becomes prominent during the second postnatal week. While initially at about 15 Hz, fast oscillatory activity progressively accelerates with age and stabilizes within gamma frequency range (30-80 Hz) during the fourth postnatal week. Activation of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons drives fast oscillations throughout development, yet the acceleration of their frequency follows similar temporal dynamics as the maturation of fast-spiking interneurons. These findings uncover the development of prefrontal gamma activity and provide a framework to examine the origin of abnormal gamma activity in neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bitzenhofer, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poepplau, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanganu-Opatz, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.10.986281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gamma activity accelerates during prefrontal development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Content and performance of the MiniMUGA genotyping array, a new tool to improve rigor and reproducibility in mouse research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The laboratory mouse is the most widely used animal model for biomedical research, due in part to its well annotated genome, wealth of genetic resources and the ability to precisely manipulate its genome. Despite the importance of genetics for mouse research, genetic quality control (QC) is not standardized, in part due to the lack of cost effective, informative and robust platforms. Genotyping arrays are standard tools for mouse research and remain an attractive alternative even in the era of high-throughput whole genome sequencing. Here we describe the content and performance of a new Mouse Universal Genotyping Array (MUGA). MiniMUGA, an array-based genetic QC platform with over 11,000 probes. In addition to robust discrimination between most classical and wild-derived laboratory strains, MiniMUGA was designed to contain features not available in other platforms: 1) chromosomal sex determination, 2) discrimination between substrains from multiple commercial vendors, 3) diagnostic SNPs for popular laboratory strains, 4) detection of constructs used in genetically engineered mice, and 5) an easy to interpret report summarizing these results. In-depth annotation of all probes should facilitate custom analyses by individual researchers. To determine the performance of MiniMUGA we genotyped 6,899 samples from a wide variety of genetic backgrounds. The performance of MiniMUGA compares favorably with three previous iterations of the MUGA family of arrays both in discrimination capabilities and robustness. We have generated publicly available consensus genotypes for 241 inbred strains including classical, wild-derived and recombinant inbred lines. Here we also report the detection of a substantial number of XO and XXY individuals across a variety of sample types, the extension of the utility of reduced complexity crosses to genetic backgrounds other than C57BL/6, and the robust detection of 17 genetic constructs. There is preliminary but striking evidence that the array can be used to identify both partial sex chromosome duplication and mosaicism, and that diagnostic SNPs can be used to determine how long inbred mice have been bred independently from the main stock for a significant action of the genotyped inbred samples. We conclude that MiniMUGA is a valuable platform for genetic QC and important new tool to the increase rigor and reproducibility of mouse research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sigmon, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brockmann, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burks, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caron, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheney, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciavatta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conlon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darr, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershon, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gralinski, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaines, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heimsath, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heise, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hock, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideraabdullah, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennette, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kafri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashfeen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelada, S. N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnertz, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livraghi-Butrico, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeser, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnuson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsushima, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMullan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohlke, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moy, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.989400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Content and performance of the MiniMUGA genotyping array, a new tool to improve rigor and reproducibility in mouse research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.990507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maturational trajectories of white matter microstructure underlying the right presupplementary motor area reflect individual improvements in motor response cancellation in children and adolescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.13.990507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to effectively suppress motor response tendencies is essential for focused and goal-directed behavior. Here, we tested the hypothesis that developmental improvement in the ability to cancel a motor response is reflected by maturational changes in the white matter underlying the right presupplementary motor area (preSMA) and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), two cortical key areas of the fronto-basal ganglia "stopping" network. Eighty-eight typically-developing children and adolescents, aged 7-19 years, were longitudinally assessed with the stop-signal task (SST) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the brain over a period of six years. Participants were examined from two to nine times with an average of 6.6 times, resulting in 576 SST-DTI datasets. We applied tract-based spatial statistics to extract mean fractional anisotropy (FA) from regions-of-interest in the white matter underlying the right IFG (IFGFA) and right preSMA (preSMAFA) at each time point. Motor response cancelation performance, estimated with the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), improved with age. Initially well performing children plateaued around the age of 11 years, while initially poor performers caught up at the age of 13-14 years. White matter microstructure continued to mature across the investigated age range. Males generally displayed linear maturational trajectories, while females displayed more curvilinear trajectories that leveled off around 12-14 years of age. Maturational increases in right preSMAFA but not right IFGFA were associated with developmental improvements in SSRT. This association differed depending on the mean right preSMAFA across the individual maturational trajectory. Children with lower mean right preSMAFA exhibited poorer SSRT performance at younger ages but steeper developmental trajectories of SSRT improvement. Children with higher mean right preSMAFA exhibited flatter trajectories of SSRT improvement along with faster SSRT already at the first assessments. The results suggest that no further improvement in motor response cancellation is achieved once a certain level of maturity in the white matter underlying the right preSMA is reached. Similar dynamics may apply to other behavioral read-outs and brain structures and, thus, need to be considered in longitudinal MRI studies designed to map brain structural correlates of behavioral changes during development.

HighlightsO_LIMotor response cancellation, i.e. SSRT, improvement plateaued at 13-14 years of age
C_LIO_LIFractional anisotropy (FA) captured maturation of white matter (WM) microstructure
C_LIO_LIFA in the WM underlying right preSMA (preSMAFA) reflected SSRT improvement with age
C_LIO_LIIndividual SSRT improvement depended on mean right preSMAFA across all DTI sessions
C_LIO_LIChildren with lower mean right preSMAFA had the steepest improvements in SSRT
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebner, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baare, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.13.990507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maturational trajectories of white matter microstructure underlying the right presupplementary motor area reflect individual improvements in motor response cancellation in children and adolescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.15.992594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinctive Gene and Protein Characteristics of Extremely Piezophilic Colwellia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.15.992594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe deep ocean is characterized by low temperatures, high hydrostatic pressures, and low concentrations of organic matter. While these conditions likely select for distinct genomic characteristics within prokaryotes, the attributes facilitating adaptation to the deep ocean are relatively unexplored. In this study, we compared the genomes of seven strains within the genus Colwellia, including some of the most piezophilic microbes known, to identify genomic features that enable life in the deep sea.

ResultsSignificant differences were found to exist between piezophilic and non-piezophilic strains of Colwellia. Piezophilic Colwellia have a more basic and hydrophobic proteome. The piezophilic abyssal and hadal isolates have more genes involved in replication/recombination/repair, cell wall/membrane biogenesis, and cell motility. The characteristics of respiration, pilus generation, and membrane fluidity adjustment vary between the strains, with operons for a nuo dehydrogenase and a tad pilus only present in the piezophiles. In contrast, the piezosensitive members are unique in having the capacity for dissimilatory nitrite and TMAO reduction. A number of genes exist only within deep-sea adapted species, such as those encoding d-alanine-d-alanine ligase for peptidoglycan formation, alanine dehydrogenase for NADH/NAD+ homeostasis, and archaeal methyltransferase for tRNA modification. Many of these piezophile-specific genes are in variable regions of the genome near genomic islands, transposases, and toxin-antitoxin systems.

ConclusionsWe identified a number of adaptations that may facilitate deep-sea radiation in members of the genus Colwellia, as well as in other piezophilic bacteria. An enrichment in more basic and hydrophobic amino acids could help piezophiles stabilize and limit water intrusion into proteins as a result of high pressure. Variations in genes associated with the membrane, including those involved in unsaturated fatty acid production and respiration, indicate that membrane-based adaptations are critical for coping with high pressure. The presence of many piezophile-specific genes near genomic islands highlights that adaptation to the deep ocean may be facilitated by horizontal gene transfer through transposases or other mobile elements. Some of these genes are amenable to further study in genetically tractable piezophilic and piezotolerant deep-sea microorganisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peoples, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyaw, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ugalde, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullane, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chastain, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yayanos, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusube, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Methe, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.15.992594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinctive Gene and Protein Characteristics of Extremely Piezophilic Colwellia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.993683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Importance of polymorphic SNPs, short tandem repeats and structural variants for differential gene expression among inbred C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 substrains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.16.993683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse substrains are an invaluable model for understanding disease. We compared C57BL/6J, which is the most commonly used inbred mouse strain, with 8 C57BL/6 and 5 C57BL/10 closely related inbred substrains. Whole genome sequencing and RNA-sequencing analysis yielded 352,631 SNPs, 109,096 INDELs, 150,344 short tandem repeats (STRs), 3,425 structural variants (SVs) and 2,826 differentially expressed genes (DEGenes) among these 14 strains. 312,981 SNPs (89%) distinguished the B6 and B10 lineages. These SNPs were clustered into 28 short segments that are likely due to introgressed haplotypes rather than new mutations. Outside of these introgressed regions, we identified 53 SVs, protein-truncating SNPs and frameshifting INDELs that were associated with DEGenes. Our results can be used for both forward and reverse genetic approaches, and illustrate how introgression and mutational processes give rise to differences among these widely used inbred substrains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mortazavi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.993683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Importance of polymorphic SNPs, short tandem repeats and structural variants for differential gene expression among inbred C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 substrains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.996033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRTools: a toolkit for genome-wide analysis of tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.996033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryA rich set of tools have recently been developed for performing genome-wide genotyping of tandem repeats (TRs). However, standardized tools for downstream analysis of these results are lacking. To facilitate TR analysis applications, we present TRTools, a Python library and a suite of command-line tools for filtering, merging, and quality control of TR genotype files. TRTools utilizes an internal harmonization module making it compatible with outputs from a wide range of TR genotypers.

AvailabilityTRTools is freely available at https://github.com/gymreklab/TRTools.

Contactmgymrek@eng.ucsd.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at bioRxiv.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margoliash, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pusarla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanicky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.996033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRTools: a toolkit for genome-wide analysis of tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From iron to antibiotics: Identification of conserved bacterial-fungal interactions across diverse partners 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.999193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial interactions are major determinants in shaping microbiome structure and function. Although fungi are found across diverse microbiomes, the mechanisms through which fungi interact with other species remain largely uncharacterized. In this work, we explore the diversity of ways in which fungi can impact bacteria by characterizing interaction mechanisms across 16 different bacterial-fungal pairs, involving 8 different fungi and 2 bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas psychrophila). Using random barcode transposon-site sequencing (RB-TnSeq), we identified a large number of bacterial genes and pathways important in fungal interaction contexts. Within each interaction, fungal partners elicit both antagonistic and beneficial effects. Using a panel of phylogenetically diverse fungi allowed us to identify interactions that were conserved across all species. Our data show that all fungi modulate the availability of iron and biotin, suggesting that these may represent conserved bacterial-fungal interactions. Several fungi also appear to produce previously uncharacterized antibiotic compounds. Generating a mutant in a master regulator of fungal secondary metabolite production showed that fungal metabolites are key shapers of bacterial fitness profiles during interactions. This work demonstrates a diversity of mechanisms through which fungi are able to interact with bacterial species. In addition to many species-specific effects, there appear to be conserved interaction mechanisms which may be important across microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tannous, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.999193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From iron to antibiotics: Identification of conserved bacterial-fungal interactions across diverse partners]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.003236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computation of condition-dependent proteome allocation reveals variability in the macro and micro nutrient requirements for growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.003236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sustaining a robust metabolic network requires a balanced and fully functioning proteome. In addition to amino acids, many enzymes require cofactors (coenzymes and engrafted prosthetic groups) to function properly. Extensively validated genome-scale models of metabolism and gene expression (ME-models) have the unique ability to compute an optimal proteome composition underlying a metabolic phenotype, including the provision of all required cofactors. Here we use the ME-model for Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 to computationally examine how environmental conditions change the proteome and its accompanying cofactor usage. We found that: (1) The cofactor requirements computed by the ME model mostly agree with the standard biomass objective function used in models of metabolism alone (M models); (2) ME-model computations reveal non-intuitive variability in cofactor use under different growth conditions; (3) An analysis of ME-model predicted protein use in aerobic and anaerobic conditions suggests an enrichment in the use of prebiotic amino acids in the proteins used to sustain anaerobic growth (4) The ME-model could describe how limitation in key protein components affect the metabolic state of E. coli. Genome-scale models have thus reached a level of sophistication where they reveal intricate properties of functional proteomes and how they support different E. coli lifestyles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.23.003236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computation of condition-dependent proteome allocation reveals variability in the macro and micro nutrient requirements for growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In situ differentiation of iridophore crystallotypes underlies zebrafish stripe patterning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.008664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skin color patterns are ubiquitous in nature, evolve rapidly, and impact social behavior1, predator avoidance2, and protection from ultraviolet irradiation3. A leading model system for vertebrate skin patterning is the zebrafish4-7; its alternating blue stripes and yellow interstripes depend on guanine crystal-containing cells called iridophores that reflect light. It was suggested that the zebrafishs alternating color pattern arises from a single type of iridophore migrating differentially to stripes and interstripes7-9. When we tracked iridophores, however, we found they did not migrate between stripes and interstripes but instead differentiated and proliferated in place based on their micro-environment. RNA seq analysis further revealed stripe and interstripe iridophores had different transcriptomic states, while cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction showed they had different guanine crystal organizations and responsiveness to norepinephrine, all indicating that stripe and interstripe iridophores are different cell types. Based on these results, we present a new model of skin patterning in zebrafish in which distinct iridophore crystallotypes containing specialized, physiologically responsive, subcellular organelles arise in stripe and interstripe zones by in situ differentiation. In this model, pattern phenotype depends not only on interactions among pigment cells that affect their arrangements, but also on factors that specify subcellular organization and physiological responsiveness of specialized organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bain, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasoili, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deheyn, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott-Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parichy, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.008664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In situ differentiation of iridophore crystallotypes underlies zebrafish stripe patterning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.985986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TDP-43 and HSP70 phase separate into anisotropic, intranuclear liquid spherical annuli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.985986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA binding protein TDP-43 naturally phase separates within cell nuclei and forms cytoplasmic aggregates in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that acetylation-mediated inhibition of TDP-43 binding to RNA produces co-de-mixing of acetylated and unmodified TDP-43 into symmetrical, intranuclear spherical annuli whose shells and cores have liquid properties. Shells are anisotropic, like liquid crystals. Consistent with our modelling predictions that annulus formation is driven by components with strong self-interactions but weak interaction with TDP-43, the major components of annuli cores are identified to be HSP70 family proteins, whose chaperone activity is required to maintain liquidity of the core. Proteasome inhibition, mimicking reduction in proteasome activity during aging, induces TDP-43-containing annuli in neurons in rodents. Thus, we identify that TDP-43 phase separation is regulated by acetylation, proteolysis, and ATPase-dependent chaperone activity of HSP70.

One Sentence SummaryAcetylation of TDP-43 drives its phase separation into spherical annuli that form a liquid-inside-a-liquid-inside-a-liquid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasior, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toprani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Cruz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newby, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larfaga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladfelter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.28.985986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TDP-43 and HSP70 phase separate into anisotropic, intranuclear liquid spherical annuli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.014811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Algal Neurotoxin Biosynthesis Repurposes the Terpene Cyclase Structural Fold Into an N-prenyltransferase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.014811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prenylation is a common biological reaction in all domains of life whereupon prenyl diphosphate donors transfer prenyl groups onto small molecules as well as large proteins. The enzymes that catalyze these biotransformations are structurally distinct from ubiquitous terpene cyclases that instead assemble terpene molecules via intramolecular rearrangements. Herein we report the structure and molecular details of a new family of prenyltransferases from marine algae that repurposes the terpene cyclase structural fold for the N-prenylation of glutamic acid during the biosynthesis of the potent neurochemicals domoic acid and kainic acid. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of the prenyltransferase found in domoic acid biosynthesis, DabA, and show distinct active site binding modifications that remodel the canonical Mg2+-binding motif. We then applied our structural knowledge of DabA and a homologous enzyme from the kainic acid biosynthetic pathway, KabA, to alter their isoprene donor specificities (geranyl versus dimethylallyl diphosphate) by a single amino acid switch. While the diatom DabA and seaweed KabA enzymes share a common evolutionary lineage, they are distinct from all other terpene cyclases, suggesting a very distant ancestor.

SignificanceDomoic acid is a neurotoxin produced by marine algae that readily bioaccumulates in shellfish and significantly impacts both human and animal life. The first committed step of the biosynthesis of domoic acid is the N-prenylation of L-glutamic acid by the enzyme DabA. By solving the crystal structure of DabA, we demonstrate that this enzyme has repurposed the common terpene cyclase fold to catalyze an extremely unusual reaction, N-prenylation of an unactivated primary amine. Application of these structural insights enabled rational engineering of two N-prenyltransferase enzymes to accept alternative prenyl donors. Ultimately, these results not only expand the scope of reactions catalyzed by a terpene cyclase family member, but will help inform future domoic acid environmental monitoring efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chekan, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.014811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Algal Neurotoxin Biosynthesis Repurposes the Terpene Cyclase Structural Fold Into an N-prenyltransferase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.017947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A common analgesic enhances the anti-tumour activity of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine through induction of oxidative stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.017947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC, decitabine) has anti-cancer therapeutic potential, but its clinical efficacy is hindered by DNA damage-related side effects. Here we describe how paracetamol augments the effects of DAC on cancer cell proliferation and differentiation, without enhancing DNA damage. Firstly, DAC specifically upregulates cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway, inadvertently increasing cancer cell survival, while the addition of paracetamol offsets this effect. Secondly, combined treatment leads to glutathione depletion and ROS accumulation with oxidative stress further enhanced by DAC suppressing anti-oxidant and thioredoxin responses. The benefits of combined treatment are demonstrated here in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines, further corroborated in a HNSCC xenograft mouse model and through mining of publicly available DAC and paracetamol responses. In summary, the addition of paracetamol could allow for DAC dose reduction, widening its clinical usability and providing a strong rationale for consideration in cancer therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gleneadie, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clokie, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehanna, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendoo, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheven, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiench, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.017947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A common analgesic enhances the anti-tumour activity of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine through induction of oxidative stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bedscales: A non-contact adherence-independent multi-person sensor for longitudinal physiologic monitoring in the home bed 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Home health monitoring technologies promise to improve care and reduce costs, yet they are limited by the need for adherence to self-monitoring, usage of an app, or application of a wearable. While implantable sensors overcome the adherence barrier, they are expensive and require invasive procedures. Here, we describe a non-invasive, non-contact, adherence-independent sensor, that when placed beneath the legs of a patients home bed, longitudinally monitors total body weight, detailed respiratory signals, and ballistocardiograms for months, without requiring any active patient participation. Accompanying algorithms demix weight and respiratory signals when the bed is shared by a partner or a pet. Validation studies during overnight clinical sleep studies exhibit quantitative equivalence to commercial sensors and allow discrimination of obstructive and central sleep apneas. In-home studies discriminate atrial fibrillation from normal sinus rhythm. To demonstrate real-world feasibility, we performed 3 months of continuous in-home monitoring in a patient with heart failure as he awaited and recovered from coronary artery bypass surgery. By overcoming the adherence barrier, Bedscales has the potential to create a multidimensional picture of chronic disease, learn signatures of impending hospitalization, and enable optimization of care in the home.

DisclosuresDrs. King and Coleman and Nicholas Harrington are inventors on a patent application describing the Bedscales technology. Dr. Kevin R. King discloses consulting relationships with Bristol Myers Squibb and Astrazeneca, Medimmune and is founder of Nightingale Labs. Dr. Deepak L. Bhatt discloses the following relationships - Advisory Board: Cardax, Cereno Scientific, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Medscape Cardiology, PhaseBio, Regado Biosciences; Board of Directors: Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care, TobeSoft; Chair: American Heart Association Quality Oversight Committee; Data Monitoring Committees: Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute, for the PORTICO trial, funded by St. Jude Medical, now Abbott), Cleveland Clinic (including for the ExCEED trial, funded by Edwards), Duke Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (for the ENVISAGE trial, funded by Daiichi Sankyo), Population Health Research Institute; Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org; Vice-Chair, ACC Accreditation Committee), Baim Institute for Clinical Research (formerly Harvard Clinical Research Institute; RE-DUAL PCI clinical trial steering committee funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; AEGIS-II executive committee funded by CSL Behring), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees, including for the PRONOUNCE trial, funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals), HMP Global (Editor in Chief, Journal of Invasive Cardiology), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (Guest Editor; Associate Editor), Medtelligence/ReachMD (CME steering committees), Population Health Research Institute (for the COMPASS operations committee, publications committee, steering committee, and USA national co-leader, funded by Bayer), Slack Publications (Chief Medical Editor, Cardiology Todays Intervention), Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care (Secretary/Treasurer), WebMD (CME steering committees); Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor), NCDR-ACTION Registry Steering Committee (Chair), VA CART Research and Publications Committee (Chair); Research Funding: Abbott, Afimmune, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chiesi, CSL Behring, Eisai, Ethicon, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Forest Laboratories, Fractyl, Idorsia, Ironwood, Ischemix, Lilly, Medtronic, PhaseBio, Pfizer, PLx Pharma, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Synaptic, The Medicines Company; Royalties: Elsevier (Editor, Cardiovascular Intervention: A Companion to Braunwalds Heart Disease); Site Co-Investigator: Biotronik, Boston Scientific, CSI, St. Jude Medical (now Abbott), Svelte; Trustee: American College of Cardiology; Unfunded Research: FlowCo, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Takeda. Dr. Akshay S. Desai discloses the following relationships - Research grants to Brigham and Womens Hospital to support clinical trial activities from Alnylam, AstraZeneca, and Novartis; Consulting fees from Abbott, Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Biofourmis, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Merck, Novartis, Relypsa, Regeneron. Dr. Owens reports consulting fees from Novartis, and research grants to UCSD from Snoozeal, Nitto Denko, and Masimo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harrington, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Pacheco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeYoung, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duwaik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.018523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bedscales: A non-contact adherence-independent multi-person sensor for longitudinal physiologic monitoring in the home bed]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.021535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural genetic variation affecting transcription factor spacing at regulatory regions is generally well tolerated 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.021535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of gene expression requires the combinatorial binding of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) at promoters and enhancers. Prior studies showed that alterations in the spacing between TF binding sites can influence promoter and enhancer activity. However, the relative importance of TF spacing alterations resulting from naturally occurring insertions and deletions (InDels) has not been systematically analyzed. To address this question, we first characterized the genome-wide spacing relationships of 75 TFs in K562 cells as determined by ChIP-sequencing. We found a dominant pattern of a relaxed range of spacing between collaborative factors, including 46 TFs exclusively exhibiting relaxed spacing with their binding partners. Next, we exploited millions of InDels provided by genetically diverse mouse strains and human individuals to investigate the effects of altered spacing on TF binding and local histone acetylation. Spacing alterations resulting from naturally occurring InDels are generally tolerated in comparison to genetic variants directly affecting TF binding sites. A remarkable range of tolerance was further established for PU.1 and C/EBP{beta}, which exhibit relaxed spacing, by introducing synthetic spacing alterations ranging from 5-bp increase to >30-bp decrease using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. These findings provide implications for understanding mechanisms underlying enhancer selection and for the interpretation of non-coding genetic variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.021535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural genetic variation affecting transcription factor spacing at regulatory regions is generally well tolerated]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.04.024562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZNF423 patient variants, truncations, and in-frame deletions in mice define an allele-dependent range of midline brain abnormalities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.04.024562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interpreting rare variants remains a challenge in personal genomics, especially for disorders with several causal genes and for genes that cause multiple disorders. ZNF423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that intersects several developmental pathways. ZNF423 has been implicated in rare neurodevelopmental disorders, consistent with midline brain defects in Zfp423-mutant mice, but pathogenic potential of most patient variants remains uncertain. We engineered ~50 patient-derived and small deletion variants into the highly-conserved mouse ortholog and examined neuroanatomical measures for 791 littermate pairs. Three substitutions previously asserted pathogenic appeared benign, while a fourth was effectively null. Heterozygous premature termination codon (PTC) variants showed mild haploabnormality, consistent with loss-of-function intolerance inferred from human population data. In-frame deletions of specific zinc fingers showed mild to moderate abnormalities, as did low-expression variants. These results affirm the need for functional validation of rare variants in biological context and demonstrate cost-effective modeling of neuroanatomical abnormalities in mice.

AUTHOR SUMMARYGene identification in rare disorders is typically supported by finding different mutations of the same gene in multiple families with the same disorder. However, causal evidence for any specific mutation found in one or a few related individuals is weaker, especially if the disorder can be caused by any of several genes and the functional effect of the mutation is not certain. Experimental models can be helpful in testing causal effects, but only to the extent that the model is validated to recapitulate one or more aspects of the disorder. We used CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering to create a wide range of mutations in mouse Zfp423, whose human cognate is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and Joubert syndrome. This large collection of animal models shows that both reduced Zfp423 expression, including heterozygosity for loss-of-function mutations, and normally-expressed domain deletions, including specific zinc finger domains, produce measureable abnormalities in midline development. Despite this high level of validation, most patient-derived amino acid substitution variants tested do not produce measureable effects. The single exception is a substitution, H1277Y, that destroys a structural element in the last zinc finger domain and results in dramatic loss of steady-state Zfp423 protein level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, O. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.04.024562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZNF423 patient variants, truncations, and in-frame deletions in mice define an allele-dependent range of midline brain abnormalities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.028084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic Reversal of Chemically Induced Parkinson Disease by Converting Astrocytes into Nigral Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.028084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinson disease is characterized by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. As with other neurodegenerative diseases, no disease-modifying treatments exist. While most treatment objectives aim to prevent neuronal loss or protect vulnerable neuronal circuits, an important alternative is to replace lost neurons to reconstruct disrupted circuits. Herein we report an efficient single-step conversion of isolated mouse and human astrocytes into functional neurons by depleting the RNA binding protein PTB. Applying this approach to mice with a chemically induced Parkinsons phenotype, we provide evidence that disease manifestations can be potently reversed through converting astrocytes into new substantia nigral neurons, effectively restoring dopamine levels via reestablishing the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. We further demonstrate similar disease reversal with a therapeutically feasible approach using antisense oligonucleotides to transiently suppress PTB. These findings identify a generalizable therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders through replacing lost neurons in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.06.028084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic Reversal of Chemically Induced Parkinson Disease by Converting Astrocytes into Nigral Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.032177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic differences between symbiont subpopulations in the deep-sea tubeworm Riftia pachyptila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.032177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila lives in intimate symbiosis with intracellular sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacteria. Although the symbiont population consists of a single 16S rRNA phylotype, bacteria in the same host animal exhibit a remarkable degree of metabolic diversity: They simultaneously utilize two carbon fixation pathways and various energy sources and electron acceptors. Whether these multiple metabolic routes are employed in the same symbiont cells, or rather in distinct symbiont subpopulations, was unclear. As Riftia symbionts vary considerably in cell size and shape, we enriched individual symbiont cell sizes by density gradient centrifugation in order to test whether symbiont cells of different sizes show different metabolic profiles. Metaproteomic analysis and statistical evaluation using clustering and random forests, supported by microscopy and flow cytometry, strongly suggest that Riftia symbiont cells of different sizes represent metabolically dissimilar stages of a physiological differentiation process: Small symbionts actively divide and may establish cellular symbiont-host interaction, as indicated by highest abundance of the cell division key protein FtsZ and highly abundant chaperones and porins in this initial phase. Large symbionts, on the other hand, apparently do not divide, but still replicate DNA, leading to DNA endoreduplication. Highest abundance of enzymes for CO2 fixation, carbon storage and biosynthesis in large symbionts indicates that in this late differentiation stage the symbionts metabolism is efficiently geared towards the production of organic material. We propose that this division of labor between smaller and larger symbionts benefits the productivity of the symbiosis as a whole.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinzke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meister, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlueter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hentschker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pane-Farre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrandt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felbeck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievert, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonn, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voelker, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.032177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic differences between symbiont subpopulations in the deep-sea tubeworm Riftia pachyptila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.037580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single Nucleus Multiomic Profiling Reveals Age-Dynamic Regulation of Host Genes Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.037580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Respiratory failure is the leading cause of COVID-19 death and disproportionately impacts adults more than children. Here, we present a large-scale snATAC-seq dataset (90,980 nuclei) of the human lung, generated in parallel with snRNA-seq (46,500 nuclei), from healthy donors of ~30 weeks, ~3 years and ~30 years of age. Focusing on genes implicated in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, we observed an increase in the proportion of alveolar epithelial cells expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in adult compared to young lungs. Consistent with expression dynamics, 10 chromatin peaks linked to TMPRSS2 exhibited significantly increased activity with age and harbored IRF and STAT binding sites. Furthermore, we identified 14 common sequence variants in age-increasing peaks with predicted regulatory function, including several associated with respiratory traits and TMPRSS2 expression. Our findings reveal a plausible contributor to why children are more resistant to COVID-19 and provide an epigenomic basis for transferring this resistance to older populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verheyden, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newsome, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudtarkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faddah, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huyck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poole, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitsett, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NHLBI LungMap Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.12.037580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single Nucleus Multiomic Profiling Reveals Age-Dynamic Regulation of Host Genes Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ISG15 drives immune pathology and respiratory failure during viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokine storm during respiratory viral infection is an indicator of disease severity and poor prognosis. Type 1 interferon (IFN-I) production and signaling has been reported to be causal in cytokine storm-associated pathology in several respiratory viral infections, however, the mechanisms by which IFN-I promotes disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, using Usp18-deficient, USP18 enzymatic-inactive and Isg15-deficient mouse models, we report that lack of deISGylation during persistent viral infection leads to severe immune pathology characterized by hematological disruptions, cytokine amplification, lung vascular leakage and death. This pathology requires T cells but not T cell-intrinsic deletion of Usp18. However, lack of Usp18 in myeloid cells mimicked the pathological manifestations observed in Usp18-/- or Usp18C61A mice which were dependent on Isg15. We further mechanistically demonstrate that interrupting the ISGylation/deISGylation circuit increases extracellular levels of ISG15 which is accompanied by inflammatory neutrophil accumulation to the lung. Importantly, neutrophil depletion reversed morbidity and mortality in Usp18C61A mice. In summary, we reveal that the enzymatic function of Usp18 is crucial for regulating extracellular release of ISG15. This is accompanied by altered neutrophil differentiation, cytokine amplification and mortality following persistent viral infection. Moreover, our results suggest that extracellular ISG15 may drive the inflammatory pathology observed and could be both a prospective predictor of disease outcome and a therapeutic target during severe respiratory viral infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaabani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazar, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartabedian, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knobeloch, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arimoto, K.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catz, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teijaro, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.13.039321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ISG15 drives immune pathology and respiratory failure during viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.041459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycosaminoglycan binding motif at S1/S2 proteolytic cleavage site on spike glycoprotein may facilitate novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) host cell entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.041459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and continues to spread around the globe at an unprecedented rate. To date, no effective therapeutic is available to fight its associated disease, COVID-19. Our discovery of a novel insertion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding motif at S1/S2 proteolytic cleavage site (681-686 (PRRARS)) and two other GAG-binding-like motifs within SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SGP) led us to hypothesize that host cell surface GAGs might be involved in host cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Using a surface plasmon resonance direct binding assay, we found that both monomeric and trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike more tightly bind to immobilized heparin (KD = 40 pM and 73 pM, respectively) than the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV SGPs (500 nM and 1 nM, respectively). In competitive binding studies, the IC50 of heparin, tri-sulfated non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate, and non-anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin against SARS-CoV-2 SGP binding to immobilized heparin were 0.056 M, 0.12 M, and 26.4 M, respectively. Finally, unbiased computational ligand docking indicates that heparan sulfate interacts with the GAG-binding motif at the S1/S2 site on each monomer interface in the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 SGP, and at another site (453-459 (YRLFRKS)) when the receptor-binding domain is in an open conformation. Our study augments our knowledge in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and advances carbohydrate-based COVID-19 therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuster, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dordick, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linhardt, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.041459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycosaminoglycan binding motif at S1/S2 proteolytic cleavage site on spike glycoprotein may facilitate novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) host cell entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated docking refinement and virtual compound screening with absolute binding free energy calculations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Absolute binding free energy calculations with explicit solvent molecular simulations can provide estimates of protein-ligand affinities, and thus reduce the time and costs needed to find new drug candidates. However, these calculations can be complex to implement and perform. Here, we introduce the software BAT.py, a Python tool that invokes the AMBER simulation package to fully automate the calculation of binding free energies for a protein with a series of ligands. We report encouraging initial test applications of this software both to re-rank docked poses and to estimate overall binding free energies. We also show that it is practical to carry out these calculations cheaply by using graphical processing units in common machines that can be built for this purpose. The combination of automation and low cost allows this procedure to be applied in a relatively high-throughput mode, and thus enables new applications in early-stage drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heinzelmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.043240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated docking refinement and virtual compound screening with absolute binding free energy calculations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stability of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and its importance for early infant colonization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early life microbiota has been linked to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been hypothesized that maternal vaginal microbiota is an important initial seeding source and therefore can have lifelong effects on disease risk. To understand maternal vaginal microbiotas role in seeding the childs microbiota and the extent of delivery mode-dependent transmission, we studied 700 mother-child dyads from the COPSAC2010 cohort.

The maternal vaginal microbiota was evaluated in the third trimester and compared with the childrens fecal and airway microbiota.

The vaginal samples displayed known stable community state types and only 1:6 changed over time. Only one OTU was significantly transferred to childrens fecal compartment, but an inflated number had positive transfer odds. A few taxonomic families showed early transfer enrichment to vaginally-born children, indicating vertical transfer, while half of the observed transfer effects were delivery mode independent enrichment with attenuating strength over time, indicating a common reservoir.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mortensen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brejnrod, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogfelt, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisgaard, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.044255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stability of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and its importance for early infant colonization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.049460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Weight Sensitivity of Temporal SNR Metrics in multi-echo fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.049460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeIn multi-echo fMRI (ME-fMRI), various weighting schemes have been proposed for the combination of the data across echoes. Here we introduce a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of the weight dependence of temporal SNR measures in ME-fMRI.

Theory and MethodsWe examine two metrics that have been used to characterize ME-fMRI performance: temporal SNR (tSNR) and multi-echo temporal (metSNR). Both metrics can be described using the generalized Rayleigh quotient (GRQ) and are predicted to be relatively insensitive to the weights when there is a high degree of similarity between a metric-specific matrix in the GRQ numerator and a metricindependent covariance matrix in the GRQ denominator. The application of the GRQ framework to experimental data is demonstrated using a resting-state fMRI dataset acquired with a multi-echo multi-band EPI sequence.

ResultsIn the example dataset, similarities between the covariance matrix and the metSNR and tSNR numerator matrices are highest in grey matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) voxels, respectively. For representative GM and CSF voxels that exhibit high matrix similarity values, the metSNR and tSNR values, respectively, are both within 4% of their optimal values across a range of weighting schemes. However, there is a fundamental tradeoff, with a high degree of weight sensitivity in the tSNR and metSNR metrics for the representative GM and CSF voxels, respectively. Geometric insight into the observed weight dependencies is provided through a graphical interpretation of the GRQ.

ConclusionA GRQ framework can provide insight into the factors that determine the weight sensitivity of tSNR and metSNR measures in ME-fMRI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.049460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Weight Sensitivity of Temporal SNR Metrics in multi-echo fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.044982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determining the Depth Limit of Bioluminescent Sources in Scattering Media 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.044982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioluminescence has several potential advantages compared to fluorescence microscopy for in vivo biological imaging. Because bioluminescence does not require excitation light, imaging can be performed for extended periods of time without phototoxicity or photobleaching, and optical systems can be smaller, simpler, and lighter. Eliminating the need for excitation light may also affect how deeply one can image in scattering biological tissue, but the imaging depth limits for bioluminescence have yet to be reported. Here, we perform a theoretical study of the depth limits of bioluminescence microscopy and find that cellular resolution imaging should be possible at a depth of 5-10 mean free paths (MFPs). This limit is deeper than the depth limit for confocal microscopy and slightly lower than the imaging limit expected for two-photon microscopy under similar conditions. We also validate our predictions experimentally using tissue phantoms. Overall we show that with advancements in the brightness of bioluminescent indicators, it should be possible to achieve deep, long-term imaging in biological tissue with cellular resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raghuram, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veeraraghavan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.044982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determining the Depth Limit of Bioluminescent Sources in Scattering Media]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.057026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
G protein-regulated endocytic trafficking of adenylyl cyclase type 9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.23.057026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GPCRs are increasingly recognized to initiate signaling via heterotrimeric G proteins as they move through the endocytic network, but little is known about how relevant G protein effectors are localized. Here we report dynamic trafficking of adenylyl cyclase type 9 (AC9) from the plasma membrane to endosomes, while adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1) remains in the plasma membrane, and stimulation of AC9 trafficking by ligand-induced activation of Gs-coupled GPCRs or Gs. AC9 transits a similar dynamin-dependent early endocytic pathway as activated GPCRs but, in contrast to GPCR trafficking which is regulated by {beta}-arrestin but not Gs, AC9 trafficking is regulated by Gs but not {beta}-arrestin. We also show that AC9, but not AC1, contributes to cAMP production from endosomes. These results reveal dynamic and isoform-specific trafficking of adenylyl cyclase in the endocytic network, and a discrete role of a heterotrimeric G protein in controlling subcellular location of a relevant effector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lazar, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irannejad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dessauer, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Zastrow, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.23.057026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[G protein-regulated endocytic trafficking of adenylyl cyclase type 9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.031138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of Brain Structure and its Genetic Architecture over the Lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.031138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human brain structure changes throughout our lives. Altered brain growth or rates of decline are implicated in a vast range of psychiatric, developmental, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we identified common genetic variants that affect rates of brain growth or atrophy, in the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of changes in brain morphology across the lifespan. Longitudinal MRI data from 15,640 individuals were used to compute rates of change for 15 brain structures. The most robustly identified genes GPR139, DACH1 and APOE are associated with metabolic processes. We demonstrate global genetic overlap with depression, schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, insomnia, height, body mass index and smoking. Gene-set findings implicate both early brain development and neurodegenerative processes in the rates of brain changes. Identifying variants involved in structural brain changes may help to determine biological pathways underlying optimal and dysfunctional brain development and ageing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grasby, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnack, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teeuw, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprooten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogtay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olde Loohuis, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghajani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alloza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnaes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artiges, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesa-Arriola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blok, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breukelaar, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bright, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buimer, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bülow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciufolini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossley, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damatac, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dazzan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mol, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zwarte, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desrivieres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Caneja, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fröhner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goltermann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.031138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of Brain Structure and its Genetic Architecture over the Lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.059428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory interactions between Vax1, Pax6, and miR-7 regionalize the lateral Ventricular-Subventricular Zone during post-natal Olfactory Bulb neurogenesis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.059428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several subtypes of interneurons destined for the olfactory bulb are continuously generated after birth by neural stem cells located in the ventricular-subventricular zones of the lateral ventricles. Future neuronal identity depends on the positioning of pre-determined neural stem cells along the ventricle walls, which, in turn, depends on delimited expression domains of transcription factors and their cross regulatory interactions. However, mechanisms underlying positional identity of neural stem cells are still poorly understood. Here we show that the transcription factor Vax1 controls the production of two specific neuronal sub-types. First, it is directly necessary to generate Calbindin expressing interneurons from ventro-lateral progenitors. Second, it represses the generation of dopaminergic neurons by dorso-lateral progenitors through inhibiting Pax6 expression in the dorso-lateral wall. We provide evidence that this repression occurs via activation of microRNA miR-7, targeting Pax6 mRNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Core, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellon, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beclin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.059428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory interactions between Vax1, Pax6, and miR-7 regionalize the lateral Ventricular-Subventricular Zone during post-natal Olfactory Bulb neurogenesis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.059527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A transcriptional regulatory atlas of coronavirus infection of human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.059527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Establishing consensus around the transcriptional interface between coronavirus (CoV) infection and human cellular signaling pathways can catalyze the development of novel anti-CoV therapeutics. Here, we used publicly archived transcriptomic datasets to compute consensus regulatory signatures, or consensomes, that rank human genes based on their rates of differential expression in MERS-CoV (MERS), SARS-CoV-1 (SARS1) and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2)-infected cells. Validating the CoV consensomes, we show that high confidence transcriptional targets (HCTs) of CoV infection intersect with HCTs of signaling pathway nodes with known roles in CoV infection. Among a series of novel use cases, we gather evidence for hypotheses that SARS2 infection efficiently represses E2F family target genes encoding key drivers of DNA replication and the cell cycle; that progesterone receptor signaling antagonizes SARS2-induced inflammatory signaling in the airway epithelium; and that SARS2 HCTs are enriched for genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The CoV infection consensomes and HCT intersection analyses are freely accessible through the Signaling Pathways Project knowledgebase, and as Cytoscape-style networks in the Network Data Exchange repository.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ochsner, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.059527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A transcriptional regulatory atlas of coronavirus infection of human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.061978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Matrix factorization recovers consistent regulatory signals from disparate datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.061978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The availability of gene expression data has dramatically increased in recent years. This data deluge could result in detailed inference of underlying regulatory networks, but the diversity of experimental platforms and protocols introduces critical biases that could hinder scalable analysis of existing data. Here, we show that the underlying structure of the E. coli transcriptome, as determined by Independent Component Analysis (ICA), is conserved across multiple independent datasets, including both RNA-seq and microarray datasets. We also show that echoes of this structure remain in the proteome, accelerating biological discovery through multi-omics analysis. We subsequently combined five transcriptomics datasets into a large compendium containing over 800 expression profiles and discovered that its underlying ICA-based structure was still comparable to that of the individual datasets. ICA thus enables deep analysis of disparate data to uncover new insights that were not visible in the individual datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavvas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.061978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Matrix factorization recovers consistent regulatory signals from disparate datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.062646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome prevents ovarian aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.062646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation is a hallmark of many processes during aging and reproductive physiology, negatively affecting female fertility. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ovarian aging and female fertility. Age-dependent increased expression of NLRP3 in the ovary was observed in female WT mice during reproductive aging. High expression of NLRP3, caspase 1 and IL-1{beta} was also observed in granulosa cells from patients with primary ovarian insufficiency. Ablation of the NLRP3 inflammasome improved the survival and pregnancy rates in mice, increased hormonal levels of AMH, a biochemical marker of ovarian reserve, and autophagy rates in ovarian tissue. Deficiency of the NLRP3 inflammasome also reduced serum FSH and estradiol levels. Consistent with these results, pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 using a direct NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, improved fertility in female mice to levels comparable to those of Nlrp3-/- mice. These results suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the age-dependent loss of female fertility and position this inflammasome as a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of infertility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Navarro-Pando, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcocer-Gomez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castejon-Vega, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muntane, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbalaviele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryffel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.062646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome prevents ovarian aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.061960v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding magnetic organelle biogenesis in the domain Bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.061960v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of membrane-enclosed, metabolically functional organelles in Bacteria and Archaea has transformed our understanding of the subcellular complexity of prokaryotic cells. However, whether prokaryotic organelles emerged early or late in evolutionary history remains unclear and limits understanding of the nature and cellular complexity of early life. Biomineralization of magnetic nanoparticles within magnetosomes by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is a fascinating example of prokaryotic organelles. Here, we reconstruct 168 metagenome-assembled MTB genomes from various aquatic environments and waterlogged soils. These genomes represent nearly a 3-fold increase over the number currently available, and more than double the known MTB species. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that these newly described genomes belong to 13 Bacterial phyla, six of which were previously not known to include MTB. These findings indicate a much wider taxonomic distribution of magnetosome organelle biogenesis across the domain Bacteria than previously thought. Comparative genome analysis reveals a vast diversity of magnetosome gene clusters involved in magnetosomal biogenesis in terms of gene content and synteny residing in distinct taxonomic lineages. These gene clusters therefore represent a promising, diverse genetic resource for biosynthesizing novel magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, our phylogenetic analyses of the core magnetosome proteins in this largest available and taxonomically diverse dataset support an unexpectedly early evolutionary origin of magnetosome biomineralization, likely ancestral to the origin of the domain Bacteria. These findings emphasize the potential biological significance of prokaryotic organelles on the early Earth and have important implications for our understanding of the evolutionary history of cellular complexity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paterson, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazylinski, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.061960</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding magnetic organelle biogenesis in the domain Bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.065227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative transcriptomic analysis of SLE reveals IFN-driven cross-talk between immune cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.065227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an incurable autoimmune disease disproportionately affecting women and may lead to damage in multiple different organs. The marked heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations is a major obstacle in finding targeted treatments and involvement of multiple immune cell types further increases this complexity. Thus, identifying molecular subtypes that best correlate with disease heterogeneity and severity as well as deducing molecular cross-talk among major immune cell types that lead to disease progression are critical steps in the development of more informed therapies for SLE. Here we profile and analyze gene expression of six major circulating immune cell types from patients with well-characterized SLE (classical monocytes (n=64), T cells (n=24), neutrophils (n=24), B cells (n=20), conventional (n=20) and plasmacytoid (n=22) dendritic cells) and from healthy control subjects. Our results show that the interferon (IFN) response signature was the major molecular feature that classified SLE patients into two distinct groups: IFN-signature negative (IFNneg) and positive (IFNpos). We show that the gene expression signature of IFN response was consistent (i) across all immune cell types, (ii) all single cells profiled from three IFNpos donors using single-cell RNA-seq, and (iii) longitudinal samples of the same patient. For a better understanding of molecular differences of IFNpos versus IFNneg patients, we combined differential gene expression analysis with differential Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), which revealed a relatively small list of genes from classical monocytes including two known immune modulators, one the target of an approved therapeutic for SLE (TNFSF13B/BAFF: belimumab) and one itself a therapeutic for Rheumatoid Arthritis (IL1RN: anakinra). For a more integrative understanding of the cross-talk among different cell types and to identify potentially novel gene or pathway connections, we also developed a novel gene co-expression analysis method for joint analysis of multiple cell types named integrated WGNCA (iWGCNA). This method revealed an interesting cross-talk between T and B cells highlighted by a significant enrichment in the expression of known markers of T follicular helper cells (Tfh), which also correlate with disease severity in the context of IFNpos patients. Interestingly, higher expression of BAFF from all myeloid cells also shows a strong correlation with enrichment in the expression of genes in T cells that may mark circulating Tfh cells or related memory cell populations. These cell types have been shown to promote B cell class-switching and antibody production, which are well-characterized in SLE patients. In summary, we generated a large-scale gene expression dataset from sorted immune cell populations and present a novel computational approach to analyze such data in an integrative fashion in the context of an autoimmune disease. Our results reveal the power of a hypothesis-free and data-driven approach to discover drug targets and reveal novel cross-talk among multiple immune cell types specific to a subset of SLE patients. This approach is immediately useful for studying autoimmune diseases and is applicable in other contexts where gene expression profiling is possible from multiple cell types within the same tissue compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panwar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmiedel, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriquez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalunian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKnight, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soloff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seumois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayanand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.065227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative transcriptomic analysis of SLE reveals IFN-driven cross-talk between immune cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.062679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A functional screen of translated pancreatic lncRNAs identifies a microprotein-independent role for LINC00261 in endocrine cell differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.062679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogenous group of RNAs, which can encode small proteins. The extent to which developmentally regulated lncRNAs are translated and whether the produced microproteins are relevant for human development is unknown. Here, we show that many lncRNAs in direct vicinity of lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) are dynamically regulated, predominantly cytosolic, and highly translated during pancreas development. We genetically ablated ten such lncRNAs, most of them translated, and found that nine are dispensable for endocrine cell differentiation. However, deletion of LINC00261 diminishes generation of insulin+ endocrine cells, in a manner independent of the nearby TF FOXA2. Systematic deletion of each of LINC00261s seven poorly conserved microproteins shows that the RNA, rather than the microproteins, is required for endocrine development. Our work highlights extensive translation of lncRNAs into recently evolved microproteins during human pancreas development and provides a blueprint for dissection of their coding and noncoding roles.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/062679v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (96K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10715caorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@27af76org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17083a6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d31f9f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIExtensive lncRNA translation and microprotein production during human pancreas development
C_LIO_LIA small-scale loss-of-function screen shows most translated lncRNAs are dispensable
C_LIO_LILINC00261 is highly translated and regulates endocrine cell differentiation
C_LIO_LIDeleting LINC00261s evolutionary young microproteins reveals no essential roles
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaertner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Heesch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider-Lunitz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witte, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blachut, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matta, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.062679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A functional screen of translated pancreatic lncRNAs identifies a microprotein-independent role for LINC00261 in endocrine cell differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Representative diatom and coccolithophore species exhibit divergent responses throughout simulated upwelling cycles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.071480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wind-driven upwelling followed by relaxation results in cycles of cold nutrient-rich water fueling intense phytoplankton blooms followed by nutrient-depletion, bloom decline, and sinking of cells. Surviving cells at depth can then be vertically transported back to the surface with upwelled waters to seed another bloom. As a result of these cycles, phytoplankton communities in upwelling regions are transported through a wide range of light and nutrient conditions. Diatoms appear to be well-suited for these cycles, but their responses to them remain understudied. To investigate the bases for diatoms ecological success in upwelling environments, we employed laboratory simulations of a complete upwelling cycle with a common diatom, Chaetoceros decipiens, and coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi. We show that while both organisms exhibited physiological and transcriptomic plasticity, the diatom displayed a distinct response enabling it to rapidly shift-up growth rates and nitrate assimilation when returned to light and available nutrients following dark, nutrient-deplete conditions. As observed in natural diatom communities, C. decipiens highly expresses before upwelling, or frontloads, key transcriptional and nitrate assimilation genes coordinating its rapid response to upwelling conditions. Low iron simulations showed that C. decipiens is capable of maintaining this response when iron is limiting to growth, whereas E. huxleyi is not. Differential expression between iron treatments further revealed specific genes used by each organism under low iron availability. Overall, these results highlight the responses of two dominant phytoplankton groups to upwelling cycles, providing insight into the mechanisms fueling diatom blooms during upwelling events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lampe, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.30.071480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Representative diatom and coccolithophore species exhibit divergent responses throughout simulated upwelling cycles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated genomics approach towards deciphering human genome codes shaping HIV-1 proviral transcription and fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large body of work has revealed fundamental principles of HIV-1 integration into the human genome. However, the effect of the integration site to proviral transcription activity has so far remained elusive. Here we combine open-source, large-scale datasets including epigenetics, transcriptome, and 3D genome architecture to interrogate the chromatin states, transcription activity landscape, and nuclear sub-compartments around HIV-1 integration sites in CD4+ T cells to decipher human genome codes shaping the transcription of proviral classes defined based on their position and orientation in the genome. Using a Hidden Markov Model, we describe the importance of specific chromatin states and genome architecture in the control of HIV-1 transcription activity. Additionally, implementation of a machine-learning logistic regression model reveals upstream chromatin accessibility, transcription activity, and categorical nuclear sub-compartments as optimal features predicting HIV-1 transcriptional outcomes. We finally demonstrate clinical relevance by interrogating the positions of intact proviruses persisting in patients under suppressive therapy and provide a compass compatible with clinical decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruess, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malladi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Orso, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.01.072231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated genomics approach towards deciphering human genome codes shaping HIV-1 proviral transcription and fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.03.074617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthesis of the novel transporter YdhC, is regulated by the YdhB transcription factor controlling adenosine and adenine uptake. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.03.074617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The YdhB transcriptional factor, re-named here AdnB, homologous to the allantoin regulator, AllS, was shown to regulate ydhC gene expression in Escherichia coli, which is divergently transcribed from adnB, and this gene arrangement is conserved in many Protreobacteria. The predicted consensus DNA binding sequence for YdhB is also conserved in Entrobacterial genomes. RNA-seq data confirmed the activation predicted due to the binding of AdnB as shown by Chip-Exo results. Fluorescent polarization experiments revealed binding of YdhB to the predicted binding site upstream of ydhC in the presence of 0.35 mM adenine, but not in its absence. The E. coli MG1655, strain lacking the ydhB gene, showed a lower level of ydhC mRNA in cells grown in M9-glucose supplemented with 2 mM adenosine. Adenosine and adenine are products of purine metabolism and provide sources of ammonium for many organisms. They are utilized under nitrogen starvation conditions as single nitrogen sources. Deletion of either the ydhC or the ydhB gene leads to a substantially decreased growth rate for E. coli in minimal M9 medium with glycerol as the carbon source and adenosine or adenine as the single nitrogen source. The ydhC mutant showed increased resistance to Paromomycine, Sulfathiazole and Sulfamethohazole using Biolog plates. We provide evidence that YdhB, (a novel LysR family regulator) activates expression of the ydhC gene, encoding a novel adenosine/adenine transporter in E. coli. The YdhB binding consensus for different groups of Enterobacteria was predicted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodionova, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodionov, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.03.074617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthesis of the novel transporter YdhC, is regulated by the YdhB transcription factor controlling adenosine and adenine uptake.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.03.075499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
igv.js: an embeddable JavaScript implementation of the Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.03.075499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
igv.js is an embeddable JavaScript implementation of the Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV). It can be easily dropped into any web page with a single line of code and has no external dependencies. The viewer runs completely in the web browser, with no backend server and no data pre-processing required.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorvaldsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.03.075499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[igv.js: an embeddable JavaScript implementation of the Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.074443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMARCB1 loss interacts with neuronal differentiation state to block maturation and impact cell stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.074443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRT) are challenging pediatric brain cancers which are predominantly associated with inactivation of the gene SMARCB1, a conserved subunit of the chromatin remodeling BAF complex, which has known contributions to developmental processes. To identify potential interactions between SMARCB1 loss and the process of neural development, we introduced an inducible SMARCB1 loss of function system into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which were subjected to either directed neuronal differentiation or differentiation into cerebral organoids. Using this system, we have identified substantial differences in the downstream effects of SMARCB1 loss depending on differentiation state and identified an interaction between SMARCB1 loss and neural differentiation pressure which causes a resistance to terminal differentiation and a defect in maintenance of a normal cell state. Our results provide insight into how SMARCB1 loss might interact with neural development in the process of ATRT tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parisian, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johann, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kool, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.074443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMARCB1 loss interacts with neuronal differentiation state to block maturation and impact cell stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interhemispheric callosal projections enforce response fidelity and frequency tuning in auditory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.079012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory cortical areas receive glutamatergic callosal projections that link information processing between brain hemispheres. However, the role of interhemispheric projections in sensory processing is unclear. Here we use single unit recordings and optogenetic manipulations in awake mice to probe how callosal inputs modulate spontaneous and tone-evoked activity in primary auditory cortex (A1). Although activation of callosal fibers increased firing of some pyramidal cells, the majority of responsive cells were suppressed. In contrast, callosal stimulation consistently increased fast spiking (FS) cell activity and brain slice recordings indicated that parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells receive stronger callosal input than pyramidal cells or other interneuron subtypes. In vivo silencing of the contralateral cortex revealed that callosal inputs linearly modulate tone-evoked pyramidal cell activity via both multiplicative and subtractive operations. These results suggest that callosal input regulates both the salience and tuning sharpness of tone responses in A1 via PV cell-mediated feedforward inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slater, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.079012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interhemispheric callosal projections enforce response fidelity and frequency tuning in auditory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.082990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleoid openness profiling links bacterial genome structure to phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.082990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression requires specific structural alternations in the nucleoid structure to enable the access of the transcription machinery into the genomic DNA. In prokaryotes, DNA binding proteins, including nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) and transcription factors (TFs), drive the change in structure and gene expression. Currently, studies of global NAP and TF binding are often hindered by the lack of appropriate epigenomic tools. Here, we present POP-seq, a method that provides in vivo genome-wide openness profiles of the bacterial nucleoid. We demonstrate that POP-seq can be used to map the global in vivo protein-DNA binding events. Our results highlight a negative correlation between genome openness, compaction and transcription, suggesting that regions that are not accessible to Tn5 transposase are either too compacted or occupied by RNA polymerase. Importantly, we also show that the least open regions are enriched in housekeeping genes, while the most open regions are significantly enriched in genes important for fast adaptation to changing environment. Finally, we demonstrated that the genome openness profile is growth condition specific. Together, those results suggest a model where one can distinguish two types of epigenetic control: one stable, long-term silencing of highly compacted regions, and a second, highly responsive regulation through the dynamic competition between NAPs and RNA polymerase binding. Overall, POP-seq captures structural changes in the prokaryotic chromatin and provides condition-specific maps of global protein-DNA binding events, thus linking overall transcriptional and epigenetic regulation directly to phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Bassam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyne, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.07.082990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleoid openness profiling links bacterial genome structure to phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.09.086066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactive MS/MS Visualization with the Metabolomics Spectrum Resolver Web Service 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.09.086066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growth of online mass spectrometry metabolomics resources, including data repositories, spectral library databases, and online analysis platforms has created an environment of online/web accessibility. Here, we introduce the Metabolomics Spectrum Resolver (https://metabolomics-usi.ucsd.edu/), a tool that builds upon these exciting developments to allow for consistent data export (in human and machine-readable forms) and publication-ready visualisations of tandem mass spectrometry spectra. This tool supports the Human Proteome Organization - Proteomics Standards Initiatives Universal Spectrum Identifier (USI) specification, which has been extended to deal with the metabolomics use cases. To date, this resource already supports data formats from GNPS, MassBank, MS2LDA, MassIVE, MetaboLights, and Metabolomics Workbench and is integrated into several of these resources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schymanski, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.09.086066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactive MS/MS Visualization with the Metabolomics Spectrum Resolver Web Service]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.088948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ion Identity Molecular Networking in the GNPS Environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.088948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular networking connects tandem mass spectra of molecules based on the similarity of their fragmentation patterns. However, during ionization, molecules commonly form multiple ion species with different fragmentation behavior. To connect ion species of the same molecule, we developed Ion Identity Molecular Networking. These new relationships improve network connectivity, are shown to reveal novel ion-ligand complexes, enhance annotation within molecular networks, and facilitate the expansion of spectral libraries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagels, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsugawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Aloy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duehrkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluskal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamenik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias-Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauermeister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albarracin-Orio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grundmann, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoevelmann, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinina, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendergraft, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gouellec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prather, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aluwihare, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.11.088948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ion Identity Molecular Networking in the GNPS Environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Strain-dependent modifier genes determine survival in Zfp423 mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.12.091629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zfp423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that interacts with canonical signaling and lineage pathways. Mutations in mouse Zfp423 or its human ortholog ZNF423 are associated with a range of developmental abnormalities reminiscent of ciliopathies, including cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and other midline brain defects. Null mice have reduced viability in most strain backgrounds. Here we show complete lethality on a C57BL/6J background, dominant rescue in backcrosses to any of 13 partner strains, with strain-dependent survival frequencies, and evidence for a BALB/c-derived survival modifier locus on chromosome 5. Survival data indicate both perinatal and postnatal periods of lethality. Anatomical data from a hypomorphic gene trap allele observed on both C57BL/6J and BALB/c congenic backgrounds shows an aggregate effect of background on sensitivity to Zfp423 loss rather than a binary effect on viability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alcaraz, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdovino Gonzalez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.12.091629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Strain-dependent modifier genes determine survival in Zfp423 mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.066944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitivity to food and cocaine cues are independent traits in a large sample of heterogeneous stock rats. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.066944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensitivity to cocaine and its associated stimuli ("cues") are important factors in the development and maintenance of addiction. Rodent studies suggest that this sensitivity is related, in part, to the propensity to attribute incentive salience to food cues, which, in turn, contributes to the maintenance of cocaine self-administration, and cue-induced relapse of drug-seeking. Whereas each of these traits has established links to drug use, the relatedness between the individual traits themselves has not been well characterized in preclinical models. To this end, the propensity to attribute incentive salience to a food cue was first assessed in a large population of 2716 outbred heterogeneous stock rats. We then determined whether this was associated with performance in two paradigms (cocaine conditioned cue preference and cocaine contextual conditioning). These measure the unconditioned locomotor effects of cocaine, as well as conditioned approach and the locomotor response to a cocaine-paired floor or context. There was large individual variability and sex differences among all traits, but they were largely independent of one another in both males and females. These findings suggest that these traits may contribute to drug-use via independent underlying neuropsychological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripi, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovarth, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelii, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.066944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitivity to food and cocaine cues are independent traits in a large sample of heterogeneous stock rats.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
I ncreased accuracy of signaling by hyperbolic odorant mixtures in a beneficial insect-plant relationship 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals use odors in many natural contexts, for example, for finding mates or food, or signaling danger. Most analyses of natural odors search for either the most meaningful components of a natural odor mixture, or they use linear metrics to analyze the mixture compositions. However, we have recently shown that the physical space for complex mixtures is  hyperbolic, meaning that there are certain combination of variables that have a disproportionately large impact on perception and that these variables have specific interpretation in terms of metabolic processes taking place inside the flower and fruit that produce the odors. Here we show that the statistics of odorants and odorant mixtures produced by inflorescences (Brassica rapa) are also better described with a hyperbolic rather than a linear metric, and that combinations of odorants in the hyperbolic space are better predictors of the nectar and pollen resources sought by bee pollinators than the standard Euclidian combinations. We also show that honey bee and bumble bee antennae can detect most components of the B. rapa odor space, and the strength of responses correlates with positions of odorants in the hyperbolic space. In sum, a hyperbolic representation can be used to guide investigation of how information is represented at different levels of processing in the CNS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghaninia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knauer, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiestl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.093864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[I ncreased accuracy of signaling by hyperbolic odorant mixtures in a beneficial insect-plant relationship]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.094649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolite profiling of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions demonstrates significant perturbations in tissue phospholipids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.094649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Each year 700,000 to 1.2 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are reported and yet CL remains one of thirteen diseases classified as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Leishmania major is one of several different species of that same genus that can cause CL. Current CL treatments are limited by adverse effects and rising resistance. Studying disease metabolism at the site of infection can lead to new drug targets. In this study, samples were collected from mice infected in the ear and footpad with L. major and analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Significant differences in overall metabolite profiles were noted in the ear at the site of the lesion. Interestingly, lesion-adjacent, macroscopically healthy sites also showed alterations in specific metabolites, including select phosphocholines (PCs). Host-derived PCs in the lower m/z range (m/z 200-799) showed an increase with infection in the ear at the lesion site, while those in the higher m/z range (m/z 800-899) were decreased with infection at the lesion site. Overall, our results expanded our understanding of the mechanisms of CL pathogenesis through the host metabolism and may lead to new curative measures against infection with Leishmania.

Author summaryCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of thirteen neglected tropical diseases in the world today. It is an infectious disease with a wide distribution spanning five continents, with increasing distribution expected due to climate change. CL manifests as skin lesions and ulcers that are disabling and stigmatized. With the current treatment options being limited, studying host-pathogen metabolism can uncover mechanisms of disease pathogenesis that may lead to new curative measures against infection. In this paper we used untargeted metabolomics to address molecular-level changes occurring in vivo in experimental skin lesions of Leishmania major. Distinct global metabolic profiles were observed. Total phosphocholines (PCs) and those in the lower m/z ranges were significantly higher at the site of the skin lesion in the ear. In addition, specific PCs as well as PCs of varied m/z ranges were also affected at healthy-appearing lesion-adjacent sites, indicating that infection-induced metabolic perturbations are not restricted to the lesion site. Ultimately, these results provide essential clues to the metabolic pathways affected by CL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCall, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parab, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lostracco-Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Siquiera-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.094649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolite profiling of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions demonstrates significant perturbations in tissue phospholipids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dermomyotome-derived endothelial cells migrate to the dorsal aorta to support hematopoietic stem cell emergence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development of the dorsal aorta is a key step in the establishment of the adult blood-forming system, since hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from ventral aortic endothelium in all vertebrate animals studied. Work in zebrafish has demonstrated that arterial and venous endothelial precursors arise from distinct subsets of lateral plate mesoderm. Earlier studies in the chick showed that paraxial mesoderm generates another subset of endothelial cells that incorporate into the dorsal aorta to replace HSPCs as they exit the aorta and enter circulation. Here we show that a similar process occurs in the zebrafish, where a population of endothelial precursors delaminates from the somitic dermomyotome to incorporate exclusively into the developing dorsal aorta. Whereas somite-derived endothelial cells (SDECs) lack hematopoietic potential, they act as local niche to support the emergence of HSPCs from neighboring hemogenic endothelium. Thus, at least three subsets of endothelial cells (ECs) contribute to the developing dorsal aorta: vascular ECs, hemogenic ECs, and SDECs. Taken together, our findings indicate that the distinct spatial origins of endothelial precursors dictate different cellular potentials within the developing dorsal aorta.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pouget, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.096305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dermomyotome-derived endothelial cells migrate to the dorsal aorta to support hematopoietic stem cell emergence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.097014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Cognitive Brain Functions at Scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.097014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental set of cognitive abilities enable humans to efficiently process goal-relevant information, suppress irrelevant distractions, maintain information in working memory, and act flexibly in different behavioral contexts. Yet, studies of human cognition and their underlying neural mechanisms usually evaluate these cognitive constructs in silos, instead of comprehensively in-tandem within the same individual. Here, we developed a scalable, mobile platform, "BrainE" (short for Brain Engagement), to rapidly assay several essential aspects of cognition simultaneous with wireless electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Using BrainE, we rapidly assessed five aspects of cognition including (1) selective attention, (2) response inhibition, (3) working memory, (4) flanker interference and (5) emotion interference processing, in 102 healthy young adults. We evaluated stimulus encoding in all tasks using the EEG neural recordings, and isolated the cortical sources of the spectrotemporal EEG dynamics. Additionally, we used BrainE in a two-visit study in 24 young adults to investigate the reliability of the neuro-cognitive data as well as its plasticity to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We found that stimulus encoding on multiple cognitive tasks could be rapidly assessed, identifying common as well as distinct task processes in both sensory and cognitive control brain regions. Event related synchronization (ERS) in the theta (3-7 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequencies as well as event related desynchronization (ERD) in the beta frequencies (13-30 Hz) were distinctly observed in each task. The observed ERS/ERD effects were overall anticorrelated. The two-visit study confirmed high test-retest reliability for both cognitive and neural data, and neural responses showed specific TMS protocol driven modulation. We also show that the global cognitive neural responses are sensitive to mental health symptom self-reports. This first study with the BrainE platform showcases its utility in studying neuro-cognitive dynamics in a rapid and scalable fashion.

HighlightsO_LIRapid and scalable EEG recordings reveal common and distinct cortical activations across five core cognitive tasks.
C_LIO_LIData acquired across visits one-week-apart show high test-retest reliability for both cognitive and neural measurements.
C_LIO_LIEvoked neural responses during emotion interference processing demonstrate specific short-term plasticity driven by type of neurostimulation.
C_LIO_LICognitively evoked neural responses are sensitive to variations in mental health symptoms.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasubramani, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojeda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maric, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grennan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zafar-Khan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Delgado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silveira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.097014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Cognitive Brain Functions at Scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.097121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PI3Kγ inhibition suppresses microglia/TAM accumulation in glioblastoma microenvironment to promote exceptional temozolomide response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.097121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precision medicine in oncology leverages clinical observations of exceptional response. Towards an understanding of the molecular features that define this response, we applied an integrated, multi-platform analysis of RNA profiles derived from clinically annotated glioblastoma samples. This analysis suggested that specimens from exceptional responders are characterized by decreased accumulation of microglia/macrophages in the glioblastoma microenvironment. Glioblastoma-associated microglia/macrophages secreted interleukin 11 (IL11) to activate STAT3-MYC signaling in glioblastoma cells. This signaling induced stem cell states that confer enhanced tumorigenicity and resistance to the standard-of-care chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ). Targeting a myeloid cell restricted isoform of PI3K, PI3K{gamma}, by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic inactivation, disrupted this signaling axis by suppressing microglia/macrophage accumulation and associated IL11 secretion in the tumor microenvironment. Mirroring the clinical outcomes of exceptional responders, PI3K{gamma} inhibition synergistically enhanced the anti-neoplastic effects of TMZ in orthotopic murine glioblastoma models. Moreover, inhibition or genetic inactivation of PI3K{gamma} in murine glioblastoma models recapitulated expression profiles observed in clinical specimens isolated from exceptional responders. Our results suggest key contributions from tumor-associated microglia/macrophages in exceptional responses and highlight the translational potential for PI3K{gamma} inhibition as a glioblastoma therapy.

Significance StatementUnderstanding the basis for exceptional responders represents a key pillar in the framework of precision medicine. In this study, we utilized distinct informatics platforms to analyze the expression profiles of clinically annotated tumor specimens derived from patients afflicted with glioblastoma, the most common form of primary brain cancer. These analyses converged on prognostic contributions from glioblastoma-associated microglia/macrophages. Glioblastoma-associated microglia secreted interleukin 11 (IL11) to activate a STAT3-MYC signaling axis in glioblastoma cells, facilitating resistance to the standard-of-care chemotherapy, temozolomide. Microglia recruitment and IL11 secretion were dependent on the myeloid specific phosphoinositide-3-kinase gamma isoform (PI3K{gamma}). Inhibition or genetic inactivation of PI3K{gamma} in murine glioblastoma models recapitulated expression profiles observed in specimens derived from exceptional responders, suggesting potential for clinical translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaneda, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarver, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhawan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venteichera, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varner, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.097121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PI3Kγ inhibition suppresses microglia/TAM accumulation in glioblastoma microenvironment to promote exceptional temozolomide response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.038679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucocorticoid signaling in pancreatic islets modulates gene regulatory programs and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.038679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucocorticoids are key regulators of glucose homeostasis and pancreatic islet function, but the gene regulatory programs driving responses to glucocorticoid signaling in islets and the contribution of these programs to diabetes risk are unknown. In this study we used ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to map chromatin accessibility and gene expression from eight primary human islet samples cultured in vitro with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. We identified 2,838 accessible chromatin sites and 1,114 genes with significant changes in activity in response to glucocorticoids. Chromatin sites up-regulated in glucocorticoid signaling were prominently enriched for glucocorticoid receptor binding sites and up-regulated genes were enriched for ion transport and lipid metabolism, whereas down-regulated chromatin sites and genes were enriched for inflammatory, stress response and proliferative processes. Genetic variants associated with glucose levels and T2D risk were enriched in glucocorticoid-responsive chromatin sites, including fine-mapped risk variants at 54 known signals. Among fine-mapped variants in glucocorticoid-responsive chromatin, a likely casual variant at the 2p21 locus had glucocorticoid-dependent allelic effects on beta cell enhancer activity and affected SIX2 and SIX3 expression. Our results provide a comprehensive map of islet regulatory programs in response to glucocorticoids through which we uncover a role for islet glucocorticoid signaling in mediating risk of type 2 diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.038679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucocorticoid signaling in pancreatic islets modulates gene regulatory programs and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.097972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A characterization of the electrophysiological, morphological and input domains of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.097972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circuit interactions within the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) translate movement into a coherent code for spatial location. Entorhinal principal cells are subject to strong lateral inhibition, suggesting that a disinhibitory mechanism may drive their activation. Cortical Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) expressing inhibitory neurons predominantly contact interneurons, providing a local disinhibitory mechanism. Here, we investigate the electrophysiological and morphological properties of VIP cells using in vitro whole-cell patch clamp recordings and use rabies-mediated circuit tracing to discover long-range inputs that may modulate this population in mice. We report physiological and morphological properties of VIP cells that differ across lamina and along the dorsal-ventral MEC axis. Furthermore, we reveal long-range inputs to VIP neurons from regions known to encode proprioceptive and auditory information, including the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and superior para-olivary nuclei, respectively. These results characterize the properties of VIP cells and reveal sensory modalities that could drive disinhibition in the MEC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Badrinarayanan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manseau, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandon, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.097972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A characterization of the electrophysiological, morphological and input domains of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.17.095000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prophage exotoxins enhance colonization fitness in epidemic scarlet fever-causing Streptococcus pyogenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.17.095000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The re-emergence of scarlet fever poses a new global public health threat. The capacity of North-East Asian serotype M12 (emm12) Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) to cause scarlet fever has been linked epidemiologically to the presence of novel prophages, including prophage {Phi}HKU.vir encoding the secreted superantigens SSA and SpeC and the DNase Spd1. Here we report the comprehensive molecular characterization of {Phi}HKU.vir-encoded exotoxins. We demonstrate that streptolysin O (SLO)-induced glutathione efflux from host cellular stores is a previously unappreciated GAS virulence mechanism that promotes SSA release and activity, representing the first description of a thiol-activated bacterial superantigen. Spd1 is required for optimal growth in human blood, confers resistance to neutrophil killing, and degrades neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Investigating single, double and triple isogenic knockout mutants of the {Phi}HKU.vir-encoded exotoxins, we find that SpeC and Spd1 act synergistically to facilitate nasopharyngeal colonization in a mouse model. These results offer insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of scarlet fever-causing GAS mediated by phage {Phi}HKU.vir exotoxins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasper, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Oliveira, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Hernandez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cork, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntyre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jespersen, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormick, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson-Smith, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.17.095000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prophage exotoxins enhance colonization fitness in epidemic scarlet fever-causing Streptococcus pyogenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of Inflammasome-independent Activation of IL-1β by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Protease LasB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pulmonary damage by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during cystic fibrosis lung infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia is mediated both by pathogen virulence factors and host inflammation. Impaired immune function due to tissue damage and inflammation, coupled with pathogen multidrug resistance, complicates management of these deep-seated infections. Therefore, preservation of lung function and effective immune clearance may be enhanced by selectively controlling inflammation. Pathological inflammation during P. aeruginosa pneumonia is driven by interleukin-1{beta} (IL-1{beta}). This proinflammatory cytokine is canonically regulated by caspase-family inflammasome proteases, but we report that plasticity in IL-1{beta} proteolytic activation allows for its direct maturation by the pseudomonal protease LasB. LasB promotes IL-1{beta} activation, neutrophilic inflammation, and destruction of lung architecture characteristic of severe P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection. Discovery of this IL-1{beta} regulatory mechanism provides a distinct target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics, such that matrix metalloprotease inhibitors blocking LasB limit inflammation and pathology during P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections.

HighlightsO_LIIL-1{beta} drives pathology during pulmonary infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C_LIO_LIThe Pseudomonas protease LasB cleaves and activates IL-1{beta} independent of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes
C_LIO_LIMetalloprotease inhibitors active against LasB limit inflammation and bacterial growth
C_LI

Research in ContextInflammation is highly damaging during lung infections by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sun et al. demonstrate that the Pseudomonas LasB protease directly activates IL-1{beta} in an inflammasome-independent manner. Inhibition of IL-1{beta} conversion by LasB protects against neutrophilic inflammation and destruction of the lung. Adjunctive therapeutics that limit pathological inflammation induced by infection would be beneficial for the treatment of pulmonary infections when used with conventional antibiotics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaRock, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimmey, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaRock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.101303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of Inflammasome-independent Activation of IL-1β by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Protease LasB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Hair Graying is Naturally Reversible and Linked to Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.101964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hair graying is a universal hallmark of aging believed to be linked to psychological stress. Here we develop a novel approach to quantitatively profile natural graying events along individual human hair shafts, resulting in a quantifiable physical timescale of hair pigmentation patterns (HPPs). Using this approach, we quantify rare events of white/gray hairs that naturally regain pigmentation within days to weeks, thereby quantitatively defining the reversibility of graying in healthy, unmedicated individuals. Proteomic analysis shows that graying is marked by the upregulation of proteins related to energy metabolism, mitochondria, and antioxidant defenses. Combining hair pigmentation profiling and proteomics at the single hair level, we also report hair graying and its reversal occurring in parallel with behavioral and psychological stressors. A computational simulation suggests a threshold-based mechanism for the temporary reversibility of graying. Quantitatively mapping HPPs in humans provides an opportunity to longitudinally examine the influence of life exposures on biological aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rausser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosharov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturm, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogden, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacefield, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.101964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Hair Graying is Naturally Reversible and Linked to Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.103101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle-gated feedback control mediates desensitization to interferon stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.103101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells use sophisticated molecular circuits to interpret and respond to extracellular signal factors, such as hormones and cytokines, which are often released in a temporally varying fashion. In this study, we focus on type I interferon (IFN) signaling in human epithelial cells and combine microfluidics, time-lapse microscopy, and computational modeling to investigate how the IFN-responsive regulatory network operates in single cells to process repetitive IFN stimulation. We found that IFN- pretreatments lead to opposite effects, priming versus desensitization, depending on the input durations. These effects are governed by a regulatory network composed of a fast-acting positive feedback loop and a delayed negative feedback loop, mediated by upregulation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18). We further revealed that USP18 upregulation can only be initiated at the G1 and early S phases of cell cycle upon the treatment onset, resulting in heterogeneous and delayed induction kinetics in single cells. This cell cycle gating provides a temporal compartmentalization of feedback control processes, enabling duration-dependent desensitization to repetitive stimulations. Moreover, our results, highlighting the importance of IFN dynamics, may suggest time-based strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of IFN pretreatment in clinical applications against viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mudla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arimoto, K.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.103101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle-gated feedback control mediates desensitization to interferon stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.079962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing the response of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 to azithromycin in multiple in vitro growth conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.079962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most concerning pathogens in hospital infections. A. baumannii is categorized as an "Urgent Threat" by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and the highest priority pathogen by the World Health Organization due to its propensity for broad antibiotic resistance and its associated high mortality rates. New treatment options are urgently needed for MDR A. baumannii infections. Our prior studies have demonstrated an unappreciated utility of the macrolide azithromycin (AZM) against MDR A. baumannii in tissue-culture medium. This finding is all the more surprising since AZM has no appreciable activity against A. baumannii in standard bacteriological media. The basis for this media-dependent activity of AZM against A. baumannii is not fully defined. In this study, we utilize a variety of techniques (growth dynamics, bacterial cytological profiling, RNA sequencing, and LC/MS) to profile the response of MDR A. baumannii to AZM in both standard bacteriological and more physiological relevant mammalian tissue-culture medium.


[Table 1]
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunemoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamsa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.079962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing the response of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 to azithromycin in multiple in vitro growth conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.105270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Southern Bluefin Tuna mucosal microbiome is influenced by husbandry method, net pen location, and anti-parasite treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.105270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aquaculture is the fastest growing primary industry worldwide. Marine finfish culture in open ocean net pens, or pontoons, is one of the largest growth areas and is currently the only way to rear high value fish such as bluefin tuna. Ranching involves catching wild juveniles, stocking in floating net pens and fattening for four to eight months. Tuna experience several parasite-induced disease challenges in culture that can be mitigated by application of praziquantel (PZQ) as a therapeutic. In this study, we characterized the microbiome of ranched southern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus maccoyii, across four anatomic sites (gill, skin, digesta, and anterior kidney) and evaluated environmental and pathological factors that influence microbiome composition, including the impact of PZQ treatment on microbiome stability. Southern bluefin tuna gill, skin, and digesta microbiome communities are unique and potentially influenced by husbandry practices, location of pontoon growout pens, and treatment with the antiparasitic PZQ. There was no significant relationship between the fish mucosal microbiome and incidence or abundance of adult blood fluke in the heart or fluke egg density in the gill. An enhanced understanding of microbiome diversity and function in high-value farmed fish species such as bluefin tuna is needed to optimize fish health and improve aquaculture yield. Comparison of the bluefin tuna microbiome to other fish species, including Seriola lalandi (yellowtail kingfish), a common farmed species from Australia, and Scomber japonicus (Pacific mackerel), a wild caught Scombrid relative of tuna, showed the two Scombrids had more similar microbial communities compared to other families. The finding that mucosal microbial communities are more similar in phylogenetically related fish species exposes an opportunity to develop mackerel as a model for tuna microbiome and parasite research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melanson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rough, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bott, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.105270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Southern Bluefin Tuna mucosal microbiome is influenced by husbandry method, net pen location, and anti-parasite treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.106385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes depends on retinoic acid mediated signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.106385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Specialized stromal cells occupy and help define B- and T cell domains, which is crucial for proper functioning of our immune system. Signaling through lymphotoxin and TNF-receptors is crucial for development of different stromal subsets which are thought to arise from a common precursor. However, mechanisms that control the selective generation of the different stromal phenotypes are not known.

Here we show that in mice, retinoic acid mediated signaling is important for the differentiation of precursors towards the Cxcl13pos follicular dendritic cell (FDC) lineage, while blocking lymphotoxin mediated Ccl19pos fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) lineage differentiation. Consequently, we see at day of birth Cxcl13posCcl19neg/low and Cxcl13neg/lowCcl19pos cells within neonatal lymph nodes.

Furthermore, ablation of retinoic acid receptor signaling in stromal precursors early after birth reduces Cxcl13 expression, while in addition, complete blockade of retinoic acid signaling prevents formation of FDC networks in lymph nodes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koning, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajaraman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reijmers, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konijn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butcher, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mebius, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.20.106385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of follicular dendritic cells in lymph nodes depends on retinoic acid mediated signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.107003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the effectiveness of small, discriminatively pre-trained language representation models for biomedical text mining 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.107003v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural language representation models such as BERT [1] have recently shown state of the art performance in downstream NLP tasks and bio-medical domain adaptation of BERT (Bio-BERT [2]) has shown same behavior on biomedical text mining tasks. However, due to their large model size and resulting increased computational need, practical application of models such as BERT is challenging making smaller models with comparable performance desirable for real word applications. Recently, a new language transformers based language representation model named ELECTRA [3] is introduced, that makes efficient usage of training data in a generative-discriminative neural model setting that shows performance gains over BERT. These gains are especially impressive for smaller models. Here, we introduce a small ELECTRA based model named Bio-ELECTRA that is eight times smaller than BERT BASE and achieves comparable performance on biomedical question answering and yes/no question answer classification tasks. The model is pre-trained from scratch on PubMed abstracts using a consumer grade GPU with only 8GB memory. For biomedical named entity recognition, however, large BERT Base model outperforms both Bio-ELECTRA and ELECTRA-Small++.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozyurt, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.20.107003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the effectiveness of small, discriminatively pre-trained language representation models for biomedical text mining]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.109322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe and the US 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.109322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate understanding of the global spread of emerging viruses is critically important for public health response and for anticipating and preventing future outbreaks. Here, we elucidate when, where and how the earliest sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission networks became established in Europe and the United States (US). Our results refute prior findings erroneously linking cases in January 2020 with outbreaks that occurred weeks later. Instead, rapid interventions successfully prevented onward transmission of those early cases in Germany and Washington State. Other, later introductions of the virus from China to both Italy and Washington State founded the earliest sustained European and US transmission networks. Our analyses reveal an extended period of missed opportunity when intensive testing and contact tracing could have prevented SARS-CoV-2 from becoming established in the US and Europe.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Worobey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joy, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rambaut, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchard, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.109322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe and the US]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.109751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane bending by protein phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.109751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane bending is a ubiquitous cellular process that is required for membrane traffic, cell motility, organelle biogenesis, and cell division. Proteins that bind to membranes using specific structural features, such as wedge-like amphipathic helices and crescent-shaped scaffolds, are thought to be the primary drivers of membrane bending. However, many membrane-binding proteins have substantial regions of intrinsic disorder, which lack a stable three-dimensional structure. Interestingly, many of these disordered domains have recently been found to form networks stabilized by weak, multi-valent contacts, leading to assembly of protein liquid phases on membrane surfaces. Here we ask how membrane-associated protein liquids impact membrane curvature. We find that protein phase separation on the surfaces of synthetic and cell-derived membrane vesicles creates a substantial compressive stress in the plane of the membrane. This stress drives the membrane to bend inward, creating protein-lined membrane tubules. A simple mechanical model of this process accurately predicts the experimentally measured relationship between the rigidity of the membrane and the diameter of the membrane tubules. Discovery of this mechanism, which may be relevant to a broad range of cellular protrusions, illustrates that membrane remodeling is not exclusive to structured scaffolds, but can also be driven by the rapidly emerging class of liquid-like protein networks that assemble at membranes.

Significance StatementCellular membranes take on an elaborate set of highly curved and bent shapes, which are essential to diverse cellular functions from endocytosis to cell division. The prevailing view has been that membrane bending is driven by proteins with curved shapes, which assemble at the membrane surface to form solid scaffolds. In contrast, here we show that proteins which form liquid-like assemblies on membranes are also potent drivers of bending. These "liquid scaffolds" apply compressive stress to the membrane surface, generating a diverse and dynamic family of membrane shapes. These data, which come at a time when liquid-like protein assemblies are being identified throughout the cell, suggest that liquid-like protein assemblies may play an important role in shaping cellular membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trementozzi, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fawzi, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.109751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane bending by protein phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.23.112862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and physiological significance of temporal NFκB signaling codewords deployed by macrophages to classify immune threats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.23.112862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies involve misregulation of macrophage functions. Physiologically, macrophages are immune sentinels that initiate inflammatory responses via the transcription factor NF{kappa}B. The temporal pattern of NF{kappa}B activity determines which genes are expressed, suggesting that a temporal signaling code specifies a stimulus-appropriate immune response. To identify the signaling codewords, we developed tools to enable high-throughput analysis of live, primary macrophages responding to host- and pathogen-derived stimuli. An information-theoretic workflow identified six dynamical features that constitute codewords that convey stimulus information to the nucleus. In particular, "oscillatory" trajectories are a hallmark of the responses to host cytokine TNF. Remarkably, examining macrophages derived from a systemic autoimmune disease model suggests that confusion of two NF{kappa}B signaling codewords, and thus miscoding of TNF as a pathogen-derived stimulus, may underlie sporadic inflammatory pathology. Overall, this study identifies six codewords of the temporal NF{kappa}B signaling code for classifying immune threats and demonstrates their biological significance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelaja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luecke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.23.112862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and physiological significance of temporal NFκB signaling codewords deployed by macrophages to classify immune threats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.113019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hidden features of the malaria vectormosquito,  Anopheles stephensi  ,revealed by a high-quality referencegenome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.113019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe mosquito Anopheles stephensi is a vector of urban malaria in Asia that recently invaded Africa. Studying the genetic basis of vectorial capacity and engineering genetic interventions are both impeded by limitations of a vectors genome assembly. The existing assemblies of An. stephensi are draft-quality and contain thousands of sequence gaps, potentially missing genetic elements important for its biology and evolution.

ResultsTo access previously intractable genomic regions, we generated a reference-grade genome assembly and full transcript annotations that achieve a new standard for reference genomes of disease vectors. Here, we report novel species-specific transposable element families and insertions in functional genetic elements, demonstrating the widespread role of TEs in genome evolution and phenotypic variation. We discovered 29 previously hidden members of insecticide resistance genes, uncovering new candidate genetic elements for the widespread insecticide resistance observed in An. stephensi. We identified 2.4 Mb of the Y-chromosome and seven new male-linked gene candidates, representing the most extensive coverage of the Y-chromosome in any mosquito. By tracking full length mRNA for >15 days following blood feeding, we discover distinct roles of previously uncharacterized genes in blood metabolism and female reproduction. The Y-linked heterochromatin landscape reveals extensive accumulation of long-terminal repeat retrotransposons throughout the evolution and degeneration of this chromosome. Finally, we identify a novel Y-linked putative transcription factor that is expressed constitutively through male development and adulthood, suggesting an important role throughout male development.

ConclusionCollectively, these results and resources underscore the significance of previously hidden genomic elements in the biology of malaria mosquitoes and will accelerate development of genetic control strategies of malaria transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaiah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adolfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaduskar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaprasad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whadgar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.24.113019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hidden features of the malaria vectormosquito,  Anopheles stephensi  ,revealed by a high-quality referencegenome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The gene cortex controls scale colour identity in Heliconius 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Heliconius butterflies, wing pattern diversity is controlled by a few genes of large effect that regulate colour pattern switches between morphs and species across a large mimetic radiation. One of these genes, cortex, has been repeatedly associated with colour pattern evolution in butterflies. Here we carried out CRISPR knock-outs in multiple Heliconius species and show that cortex is a major determinant of scale cell identity. Chromatin accessibility profiling and introgression scans identified cis-regulatory regions associated with discrete phenotypic switches. CRISPR perturbation of these regions in black hindwing genotypes recreated a yellow bar, revealing their spatially limited activity. In the H. melpomene/timareta lineage, the candidate CRE from yellow-barred phenotype morphs is interrupted by a transposable element, suggesting that cis-regulatory structural variation underlies these mimetic adaptations. Our work shows that cortex functionally controls scale colour fate and that its cis-regulatory regions control a phenotypic switch in a modular and pattern-specific fashion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Livraghi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanly, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arenas-Castro, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenes, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillan, W. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiggins, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.26.116533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The gene cortex controls scale colour identity in Heliconius]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved CRISPR/dCas9 interference tool for neuronal gene suppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The expression of genetic material governs brain development, differentiation, and function, and targeted manipulation of gene expression is required to understand contributions of gene function to health and disease states. Although recent improvements in CRISPR/dCas9 interference (CRISPRi) technology have enabled targeted transcriptional repression at selected genomic sites, integrating these techniques for use in non-dividing neuronal systems remains challenging. Previously, we optimized a dual lentivirus expression system to express CRISPR-based activation machinery in post-mitotic neurons. Here we used a similar strategy to adapt an improved dCas9-KRAB-MeCP2 repression system for robust transcriptional inhibition in neurons. We find that lentiviral delivery of a dCas9-KRAB-MeCP2 construct driven by the neuron-selective promoter human synapsin 1 enabled transgene expression in primary rat neurons. Next, we demonstrate transcriptional repression using CRISPR sgRNAs targeting diverse gene promoters, and show superiority of this system in neurons compared to existing RNA interference methods for robust transcript specific manipulation at the complex Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene. Our findings advance this improved CRISPRi technology for use in neuronal systems for the first time, potentially enabling improved ability to manipulate gene expression states in the nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duke, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Revanna, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sultan, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southern, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallus, N. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.26.116822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved CRISPR/dCas9 interference tool for neuronal gene suppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.117275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local sensitivity analysis of the 'Membrane shape equation'derived from the Helfrich energy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.117275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Helfrich energy is commonly used to model the elastic bending energy of lipid bilayers in membrane mechanics. The governing differential equations for certain geometric characteristics of the shape of the membrane can be obtained by applying variational methods (minimization principles) to the Helfrich energy functional and are well-studied in the axisymmetric framework. However, the Helfrich energy functional and the resulting differential equations involve a number of parameters, and there is little explanation of the choice of parameters in the literature, particularly with respect to the choice of the "spontaneous curvature" term that appears in the functional. In this paper, we present a careful analytical and numerical study of certain aspects of parametric sensitivity of Helfrichs model. Using simulations of specific model systems, we demonstrate the application of our scheme to the formation of spherical buds and pearled shapes in membrane vesicles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behzadan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.26.117275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local sensitivity analysis of the 'Membrane shape equation'derived from the Helfrich energy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.120162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmin cascade mediates thrombolytic events in SARS-CoV-2 infection via complement and platelet-activating systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.120162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently emerged beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in the current pandemic designated COVID-19. COVID-19 manifests as severe illness exhibiting systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), thrombotic events, and shock, exacerbated further by co-morbidities and age1-3. Recent clinical reports suggested that the pulmonary failure seen in COVID-19 may not be solely driven by acute ARDS, but also microvascular thrombotic events, likely driven by complement activation4,5. However, it is not fully understood how the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms mediate thrombotic events, and whether such mechanisms and responses are unique to SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to other respiratory infections. We address these questions here, in the context of normal lung epithelia, in vitro and in vivo, using publicly available data. Our results indicate that plasmin is a crucial mediator which primes interactions between complement and platelet-activating systems in lung epithelia upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a potential for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.120162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmin cascade mediates thrombolytic events in SARS-CoV-2 infection via complement and platelet-activating systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.120923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antineoplastic kinase inhibitors: a new class of potent anti-amoebic compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.28.120923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite which infects approximately 50 million people worldwide, resulting in an estimated 70,000 deaths every year. Since the 1960s E. histolytica infection has been successfully treated with metronidazole. However, drawbacks to metronidazole therapy exist, including adverse effects, a long treatment course, and the need for an additional drug to prevent cyst-mediated transmission. E. histolytica possesses a kinome with approximately 300 - 400 members, some of which have been previously studied as potential targets for the development of amoebicidal drug candidates. However, while these efforts have uncovered novel potent inhibitors of E. histolytica kinases, none have resulted in approved drugs. In this study we took the alternative approach of testing a set of twelve previously FDA-approved antineoplastic kinase inhibitors against E. histolytica trophozoites in vitro. This resulted in the identification of dasatinib, bosutinib, and ibrutinib as amoebicidal agents at low-micromolar concentrations. Next, we utilized a recently developed computational tool to identify twelve additional drugs with human protein target profiles similar to the three initial hits. Testing of these additional twelve drugs led to the identification of ponatinib, neratinib, and olmutinib were identified as highly potent, with EC50 values in the sub-micromolar range. All of these six drugs were found to kill E. histolytica trophozoites as rapidly as metronidazole. Furthermore, ibrutinib was found to kill the transmissible cyst stage of the model organism E. invadens. Ibrutinib thus possesses both amoebicidal and cysticidal properties, in contrast to all drugs used in the current therapeutic strategy. These findings together reveal antineoplastic kinase inhibitors as a highly promising class of potent drugs against this widespread and devastating disease.

Author SummaryEvery year, nearly a hundred thousand people worldwide die from infection by the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica, despite the widespread availability of metronidazole as a treatment. Here we report that six anticancer drugs of the kinase inhibitor class possess potent anti-amoebic properties, with one of them killing both actively dividing parasite and its transmissible cysts. These anticancer kinase inhibitors, including the dual-purpose drug with both amoebicidal and cysticidal activities may be used to treat amoebiasis, especially in cancer patients or in life-threatening brain- and liver-infecting forms of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sauvey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenkaufer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debnath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.28.120923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antineoplastic kinase inhibitors: a new class of potent anti-amoebic compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.30.125856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sofosbuvir protects human brain organoids against SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.30.125856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 was rapidly declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, only three months after the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China. Early clinical care mainly focused on respiratory illnesses. However, a variety of neurological manifestations in both adults and newborns are also emerging. To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 could target the human brain, we infected iPSC-derived human brain organoids. Our findings show that SARS-CoV-2 was able to infect and kill neural cells, including cortical neurons. This phenotype was accompanied by impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, Sofosbuvir, an FDA-approved antiviral drug, was able to rescue these alterations. Given that there are currently no vaccine or antiviral treatments available, urgent therapies are needed. Our findings put Sofosbuvir forward as a potential treatment to alleviate COVID-19-related neurological symptoms.

One Sentence SummarySARS-CoV-2 infection causes neuronal death and impaired synaptogenesis, both rescued by Sofosbuvir treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mesci, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Sancho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YIN, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snethlage, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avansini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.30.125856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sofosbuvir protects human brain organoids against SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.122085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzymatic RNA Biotinylation for Affinity Purification and Identification of RNA-protein Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.122085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Throughout their cellular lifetime, RNA transcripts are bound to proteins, playing crucial roles in RNA metabolism, trafficking, and function. Despite the importance of these interactions, identifying the proteins that interact with an RNA of interest in mammalian cells represents a major challenge in RNA biology. Leveraging the ability to site-specifically and covalently label an RNA of interest using E. Coli tRNA guanine transglycosylase and an unnatural nucleobase substrate, we establish the identification of RNA-protein interactions and the selective enrichment of cellular RNA in mammalian systems. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through the identification of known binding partners of 7SK snRNA via mass spectrometry. Through a minimal 4-nucleotide mutation of the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR, enzymatic biotinylation enables identification putative HOTAIR binding partners in MCF7 breast cancer cells that suggest new potential pathways for oncogenic function. Furthermore, using RNA sequencing and qPCR, we establish that an engineered enzyme variant achieves high levels of labeling selectivity against the human transcriptome allowing for 145-fold enrichment of cellular RNA directly from mammalian cell lysates. The flexibility and breadth of this approach suggests that this system could be routinely applied to the functional characterization of RNA, greatly expanding the toolbox available for studying mammalian RNA biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Busby, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.31.122085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzymatic RNA Biotinylation for Affinity Purification and Identification of RNA-protein Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.128181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leveraging non-structural data to predict structures of protein-ligand complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.01.128181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past fifty years, tremendous effort has been devoted to computational methods for predicting properties of ligands that bind macromolecular targets, a problem critical to rational drug design. Such methods generally fall into two categories: physics-based methods, which directly model ligand interactions with the target given the targets three-dimensional (3D) structure, and ligand-based methods, which predict ligand properties given experimental measurements for similar ligands. Here we present a rigorous statistical framework to combine these two sources of information. We develop a method to predict a ligands pose--the 3D structure of the ligand bound to its protein target--that leverages a widely available source of information: a list of other ligands that are known to bind the same target but for which no 3D structure is available. This combination of physics-based and ligand-based modeling improves upon state-of-the-art pose prediction accuracy across all major families of drug targets. As an illustrative application, we predict binding poses of antipsychotics and validate the results experimentally. Our statistical framework and results suggest broad opportunities to predict diverse ligand properties using machine learning methods that draw on physical modeling and ligand data simultaneously.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paggi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belk, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powers, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chemparathy, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tynan, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunahara, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.01.128181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leveraging non-structural data to predict structures of protein-ligand complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.132522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained attention and vigilance deficits associated with HIV and a history of methamphetamine dependence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.132522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). One factor that is elevated among persons with HIV (PWH) and independently associated with neurocognitive impairment is methamphetamine dependence (METH+). Such dependence may further increase cognitive impairment among PWH, by delaying HIV diagnosis (and thus, ART initiation), which has been posited to account for persistent cognitive impairment among PWH, despite subsequent treatment-related viral load suppression (VLS; [&le;]50 copies of the virus per milliliter in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid). This study examined the independent and combined (additive versus synergistic) effects of HIV and history of METH+ on the sustained attention and vigilance cognitive domain, while controlling for VLS.

MethodsParticipants included 205 (median age=44 years; 77% males; HIV-/METH- n=67; HIV+/METH - n=49; HIV-/METH+ n=36; HIV+/METH+ n=53) individuals enrolled in the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center, who completed Conners and the 5- Choice continuous performance tests (CPTs).

ResultsMETH+ participants exhibited deficits in sustained attention and vigilance; however, these effects were not significant after excluding participants who had a positive urine toxicology screen for methamphetamine. Controlling for VLS, PWH did not have worse sustained attention and vigilance, but consistently displayed slower reaction times across blocks, relative to HIV-participants. There was no HIV x METH interaction on sustained attention and vigilance.

ConclusionsRecent methamphetamine use among METH+ people and detectable viral loads are detrimental to sustained attention and vigilance. These findings highlight the need for prompt diagnosis of HIV and initiation of ART, and METH use interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pocuca, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacQueen, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letendre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geyer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC),</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.03.132522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained attention and vigilance deficits associated with HIV and a history of methamphetamine dependence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.134288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural divergence and convergence for interoceptive and somatosensory attention and detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.134288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Body awareness is constructed by signals originating from within and outside the body. How do these apparently divergent signals converge? We developed a signal detection task to study the neural convergence and divergence of interoceptive and somatosensory signals. Participants focused on either cardiac or tactile events and reported their presence or absence. Beyond some evidence of divergence, we observed a robust overlap in the pattern of activation evoked across both conditions in frontal areas including the insular cortex, as well as parietal and occipital areas, and for both attention and detection of these signals. Psycho-physiological interaction analysis revealed that right insular cortex connectivity was modulated by the conscious detection of cardiac compared to somatosensory sensations, with greater connectivity to occipito-parietal regions when attending to cardiac signals. Our findings speak in favour of the inherent convergence of bodily-related signals and move beyond the apparent antagonism between exteroception and interoception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herman, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsakiris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.134288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural divergence and convergence for interoceptive and somatosensory attention and detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.135053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multivariate analysis reveals a generalizable human electrophysiological signature of working memory load 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.04.135053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory (WM) is an online memory system that is critical for holding information in a rapidly accessible state during ongoing cognitive processing. Thus, there is strong value in methods that provide a temporally-resolved index of WM load. While univariate EEG signals have been identified that vary with WM load, recent advances in multivariate analytic approaches suggest that there may be rich sources of information that do not generate reliable univariate signatures. Here, using data from 4 published studies (n = 286 and >250,000 trials), we demonstrate that multivariate analysis of EEG voltage topography provides a sensitive index of the number of items stored in WM that generalizes to novel human observers. Moreover, multivariate load detection ("mvLoad") can provide robust information at the single-trial level, exceeding the sensitivity of extant univariate approaches. We show that this method tracks WM load in a manner that is (1) independent of the spatial position of the memoranda, (2) precise enough to differentiate item-by-item increments in the number of stored items, (3) generalizable across distinct tasks and stimulus displays and (4) correlated with individual differences in WM behavior. Thus, this approach provides a powerful complement to univariate analytic approaches, enabling temporally-resolved tracking of online memory storage in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam, K. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.04.135053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multivariate analysis reveals a generalizable human electrophysiological signature of working memory load]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.133405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multistage and transmission-blocking targeted antimalarials discovered from the open-source MMV Pandemic Response Box 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.133405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New chemical matter is needed to target the divergent biology associated with the different life cycle stages of Plasmodium. Here, we report the parallel screening of the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pandemic Response Box to identify multistage-active and stage-specific compounds against various life cycle stages of Plasmodium parasites (asexual parasites, stage IV/V gametocytes, gametes, oocysts and liver stages) and for endectocidal activity. Hits displayed unique chemotypes and included two multistage-active compounds, 16 asexual-targeted, six with prophylactic potential and ten gametocyte-targeted compounds. Notably, four structurally diverse gametocyte-targeted compounds with potent transmission-blocking activity were identified: the JmjC inhibitor ML324, two azole antifungals including eberconazole, and the antitubercular clinical candidate SQ109. Besides ML324, none of these have previously attributed antiplasmodial activity, emphasizing the success of de novo parallel screening against different Plasmodium stages to deliver leads with novel modes-of-action. Importantly, the discovery of such transmission-blocking targeted compounds covers a previously unexplored base for delivery of compounds required for malaria elimination strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reader, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Watt, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Manach, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottilie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theron, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erlank, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nardini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauterbach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezuidenhout, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horatscheck, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Heerden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancama, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coetzer, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koekemoer, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basarab, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chibale, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkholtz, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.05.133405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multistage and transmission-blocking targeted antimalarials discovered from the open-source MMV Pandemic Response Box]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMO orchestrates multiple alternative DNA-protein crosslink repair pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several endogenous metabolites, environmental agents, and therapeutic drugs promote formation of covalent DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). Persistent DPCs pose a serious threat to genome integrity and are eliminated by multiple repair pathways. Aberrant Top1 crosslinks to DNA, or Top1ccs, are processed by Tdp1 and Wss1 functioning in parallel pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It remains obscure how cells choose between these diverse mechanisms of DPC repair. Here we show that several SUMO biogenesis factors - Ulp1, Siz2, Slx5, Slx8 - control repair of Top1cc or an analogous DPC lesion. Genetic analysis reveals that SUMO promotes Top1cc processing in the absence of Tdp1 but has an inhibitory role if cells additionally lack Wss1. In the tdp1{Delta} wss1{Delta} mutant, the E3 SUMO ligase Siz2 stimulates sumoylation in the vicinity of the DPC, but not SUMO conjugation to Top1. This Siz2-dependent sumoylation delays DPC repair when cells progress through S and G2 phases. Our findings suggest that SUMO tunes available repair pathways to facilitate faithful DPC repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serbyn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagdiul, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.140079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMO orchestrates multiple alternative DNA-protein crosslink repair pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.142349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DYNC1LI2 regulates localization of the chaperone-mediated autophagy-receptor LAMP2A and improves cellular homeostasis in cystinosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.142349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynein motor protein complex is required for retrograde transport but the functions of the intermediate-light chains that form the cargo-binding complex are not elucidated and the importance of individual subunits in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis is unknown. Here, using mRNA arrays and protein analysis, we show that the dynein subunit, intermediate chain 2 (DYNC1LI2) is downregulated in cystinosis, a lysosomal storage disorder caused by genetic defects in the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin. Reconstitution of the expression of DYNC1LI2 in Ctns-/- cells re-established endolysosomal dynamics. Defective vesicular trafficking in cystinotic cells was rescued by DYNC1LI2 expression which correlated with decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress manifested as decreased expression levels of the chaperone Grp78. Mitochondrial fragmentation in cystinotic fibroblasts was also rescued by DYNC1LI2. Survival of cystinotic cells to oxidative stress insult was increased by DYNC1LI2 reconstitution but not by its paralog DYNC1LI1, which also failed to decrease ER stress levels and mitochondrial fragmentation. Restoring DYNC1LI2 expression rescued the localization of the chaperone-mediated autophagy receptor, LAMP2A, and restored cellular homeostasis of cystinotic proximal tubule cells, the primary cell type affected in cystinosis. DYNC1LI2 failed to rescue phenotypes in cystinotic cells when LAMP2A was downregulated or when co-expressed with dominant negative (DN) RAB7 or DN-RAB11, which impair LAMP2A trafficking. DYNC1LI2 emerges as a new target to repair underlying trafficking and CMA defects in cystinosis, a mechanism that is not restored by currently used lysosomal depletion therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rahman, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherqui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catz, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.142349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DYNC1LI2 regulates localization of the chaperone-mediated autophagy-receptor LAMP2A and improves cellular homeostasis in cystinosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.130666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Both HIV Infection and Conditional Tat Expression Decrease Prepulse Inhibition with Further Impairment by Methamphetamine History in Humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.130666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIV infection and methamphetamine (METH) use are highly comorbid and represent a significant public health problem. Both conditions are known to negatively impact a variety of brain functions. One brain function that may be affected by HIV and METH use is sensorimotor gating, an automatic, pre-conscious filtering of sensory information that is thought to contribute to higher order cognitive processes. Sensorimotor gating is often measured using prepulse inhibition (PPI), a paradigm that can be conducted in both humans and animals, thereby enabling cross-species translational studies. While previous studies suggest HIV and METH may individually impair PPI, little research has been conducted on the effects of combined HIV and METH on PPI. The goal of this cross-species study was to determine the effects of METH on PPI in the inducible Tat (iTat) mouse model of HIV and in people with HIV. PPI was measured in the iTat mouse model before, during, and after chronic METH treatment and after Tat induction. Chronic METH treatment decreased PPI in male but not female mice. PPI normalized with cessation of METH. Inducing Tat expression decreased PPI in male but not in female mice. No interactions between chronic METH treatment and Tat expression were observed in mice. In humans, HIV was associated with decreased PPI in both men and women. Furthermore, PPI was lowest in people with HIV who also had a history of METH dependence. Overall, these results suggest HIV and METH may additively impair early information processing in humans, potentially affecting downstream cognitive function.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIHIV decreased PPI in men and women
C_LIO_LIPPI was most decreased in people with HIV and a history of METH dependence
C_LIO_LIChronic METH treatment decreased PPI in male but not female mice
C_LIO_LITat expression decreased PPI in male but not female mice
C_LIO_LIChronic METH treatment and Tat expression did not interact to affect PPI in mice
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milienne-Petiot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deben, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letendre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grelotti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.130666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Both HIV Infection and Conditional Tat Expression Decrease Prepulse Inhibition with Further Impairment by Methamphetamine History in Humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shielding and Beyond: The Roles of Glycans in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 15,000,000 infections and 600,000 deaths worldwide to date. Antibody development efforts mainly revolve around the extensively glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, which mediates the host cell entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Similar to many other viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 spike utilizes a glycan shield to thwart the host immune response. Here, we built a full-length model of glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 S protein, both in the open and closed states, augmenting the available structural and biological data. Multiple microsecond-long, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were used to provide an atomistic perspective on the roles of glycans, and the protein structure and dynamics. We reveal an essential structural role of N-glycans at sites N165 and N234 in modulating the conformational dynamics of the spikes receptor binding domain (RBD), which is responsible for ACE2 recognition. This finding is corroborated by biolayer interferometry experiments, which show that deletion of these glycans through N165A and N234A mutations significantly reduces binding to ACE2 as a result of the RBD conformational shift towards the "down" state. Additionally, end-to-end accessibility analyses outline a complete overview of the vulnerabilities of the glycan shield of SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which may be exploited by therapeutic efforts targeting this molecular machine. Overall, this work presents hitherto unseen functional and structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and its glycan coat, providing a strategy to control the conformational plasticity of the RBD that could be harnessed for vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaieb, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dommer, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harbison, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fadda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.146522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shielding and Beyond: The Roles of Glycans in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hybrid analysis reveals how DNA sequence governs genomic location and DNA contacts of bacterial chromatin H-NS filaments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene silencing in bacteria is mediated by chromatin proteins, of which Escherichia coli H-NS is a paradigmatic example. H-NS forms nucleoprotein filaments with either one or two DNA duplexes. However, the structures, arrangements of DNA-binding domains (DBDs), and positions of DBD-DNA contacts in linear and bridged filaments are uncertain. To characterize the contacts that silence transcription by RNA polymerase, we combined {middle dot}OH footprinting, molecular dynamics, statistical modeling, and DBD mapping using a chemical nuclease (Fe2+-EDTA) tethered to the DBDs (TEN-map). We find that H-NS DBDs contact DNA at indistinguishable locations in bridged or linear filaments and that the DBDs vary in orientation and position with ~10-bp average spacing. Our results support a hemi-sequestration model of linear-to-bridged H-NS switching in which linear filaments able to inhibit only transcription initiation switch to bridged filaments able to inhibit both initiation and elongation using the same irregularly spaced DNA contact sites.

HighlightsO_LITethered-nuclease mapping (TEN-map) of H-NS DNA-binding domains detects DNA contacts
C_LIO_LIBridged and linear H-NS filaments use the same DNA contact sites
C_LIO_LIH-NS-DNA contacts are unevenly spaced with ~10 bp average separation
C_LIO_LIAT-steps, minor groove width, and electrostatic potential best predict contact sites
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hustmyer, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roston, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessen, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.146589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hybrid analysis reveals how DNA sequence governs genomic location and DNA contacts of bacterial chromatin H-NS filaments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-Occurrence of Enzyme Domains Guides the Discovery of an Oxazolone Synthetase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multidomain enzymes are cellular machines that orchestrate two or more catalytic activities to carry out metabolic transformations with increased control and speed. Our understanding of these enzymes capabilities drives progress in fundamental metabolic research, biocatalysis, and human health. Here, we report the development of a new genome mining approach for the targeted discovery of novel biochemical transformations through the analysis of co-occurring enzyme domains (CO-ED) in a single protein. CO-ED was designed to identify unannotated multifunctional enzymes for functional characterization and discovery based on the premise that linked enzyme domains have evolved to function collaboratively. Guided by CO-ED, we targeted an unannotated predicted ThiF-nitroreductase di-domain enzyme found in more than 50 proteobacteria. Through heterologous expression and biochemical reconstitution, we discovered a series of new natural products containing the rare oxazolone (azlactone) heterocycle and characterized the di-domain enzyme as the first reported oxazolone synthetase in biology. This enzyme has the potential to become a valuable biocatalyst for the production of versatile oxazolone synthetic intermediates. This proof-of-principle experiment validates CO-ED-guided genome mining as a new method with potential broad utility for both the discovery of novel enzymatic transformations and the functional gene annotation of multidomain enzymes.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Rond, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asay, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.147165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-Occurrence of Enzyme Domains Guides the Discovery of an Oxazolone Synthetase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning the synaptic and intrinsic membrane dynamics underlying working memory in spiking neural network models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recurrent neural network (RNN) model trained to perform cognitive tasks is a useful computational tool for understanding how cortical circuits execute complex computations. However, these models are often composed of units that interact with one another using continuous signals and overlook parameters intrinsic to spiking neurons. Here, we developed a method to directly train not only synaptic-related variables but also membrane-related parameters of a spiking RNN model. Training our model on a wide range of cognitive tasks resulted in diverse yet task-specific synaptic and membrane parameters. We also show that fast membrane time constants and slow synaptic decay dynamics naturally emerge from our model when it is trained on tasks associated with working memory (WM). Further dissecting the optimized parameters revealed that fast membrane properties and slow synaptic dynamics are important for encoding stimuli and WM maintenance, respectively. This approach offers a unique window into how connectivity patterns and intrinsic neuronal properties contribute to complex dynamics in neural populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.147405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning the synaptic and intrinsic membrane dynamics underlying working memory in spiking neural network models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA glycosylase NEIL2 prevents Fusobacterium-mediated inflammation and DNA damage in colonic epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and deadly cancer. Approximately, 15-20 % of CRCs display microsatellite instability (MSI); however, the majority (80-85%) of cases are sporadic and known as microsatellite stable (MSS). Several recent studies indicated that infection and uncontrolled inflammation initiate DNA damage and lead to cancer progression. One of the major microbes, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is highly associated with CRC, but the role of DNA repair in microbe-associated CRC has been largely unknown. Here we show that NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylase, is significantly downregulated among all the key DNA repair proteins involved in various DNA repair pathways, after infection of Fn with stem-cell-based enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) of murine and human healthy subjects. Furthermore, following Fn infection, NEIL2-null mouse-derived EDMs showed significantly higher level of DNA damage, including double strand breaks, and inflammatory cytokines.. Murine CRC model also showed downregulation of the NEIL2 transcript and accumulation of DNA damage. Importantly, analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data showed that the downregulation of NEIL2 is specific for MSS compared to MSI CRCs. We thus conclude that the pathogenic bacterial infection-induced downregulation of NEIL2, and consequent accumulation of DNA damage, play critical roles in the progression of CRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.147454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA glycosylase NEIL2 prevents Fusobacterium-mediated inflammation and DNA damage in colonic epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.143834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic organization of subcortical volumetric change is stable throughout the lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.143834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While development and aging of the cerebral cortex show a similar topographic organization and are mainly governed by the same genes, it is unclear whether the same is true for subcortical structures, which follow fundamentally different ontogenetic and phylogenetic principles than the cerebral cortex. To test the hypothesis that genetically governed neurodevelopmental processes can be traced in subcortical structures throughout life, we analyzed a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 974, age 4-89 years), identifying five clusters of longitudinal change in development. With some exceptions, these clusters followed placement along the cranial axis in embryonic brain development, suggesting continuity in the pattern of change from prenatal stages. Developmental change patterns were conserved through the lifespan and predicted general cognitive function in an age-invariant manner. The results were replicated in longitudinal data from the Lifebrain consortium (n = 756, age 19-83 years). Genetic contributions to longitudinal brain changes were calculated from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (n = 331 male twins, age 51-60 years), revealing that distinct sets of genes tended to govern change for each developmental cluster. This finding was confirmed with single nucleotide polymorphisms and cross-sectional MRI data from the UK Biobank (n = 20,588, age 40-69), demonstrating significantly higher co-heritability among structures belonging to the same developmental clusters. Together, these results suggest that coordination of subcortical change adheres to fundamental principles of lifespan continuity, genetic organization and age-invariant relationships to cognitive function.

Significance statementHere we show that subcortical change during childhood development is organized in clusters. These clusters tend to follow the main gradient of embryonic brain development, and are stable across life. This means that subcortical regions changing together in childhood also change together throughout the rest of life, in accordance with a lifespan perspective on brain development and aging. Twin and single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability analyses in middle-aged and older adults showed that volume and volume change of regions within each developmental cluster tended to be governed by the same sets of genes. Thus, volumetric changes across subcortical regions are tightly organized, and the coordinated change can be described in a lifespan perspective according to ontogenetic and genetic influences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fjell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grydeland, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amlien, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartres-Faz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandmaier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kietzmann, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogsrud, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindenberger, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowinckel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sole-Padulles, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westerhausen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walhovd, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.143834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic organization of subcortical volumetric change is stable throughout the lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP2A:B56 Regulates Meiotic Chromosome Segregation in C. elegans Oocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an heterotrimer composed of scaffolding (A), catalytic (C), and regulatory (B) subunits with various key roles during cell division. While A and C subunits form the core enzyme, the diversity generated by interchangeable B subunits dictates substrate specificity. Within the B subunits, B56-type subunits play important roles during meiosis in yeast and mice by protecting centromeric cohesion and stabilising the kinetochore-microtubule attachments. These functions are achieved through targeting of B56 subunits to centromere and kinetochore by Shugoshin and BUBR1. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) the closest BUBR1 ortholog lacks the B56 interaction domain and the Shugoshin orthologue is not required for normal segregation during oocyte meiosis. Therefore, the role of PP2A in C. elegans female meiosis is not known. Here, we report that PP2A is essential for meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics during C. elegans female meiosis. Specifically, B56 subunits PPTR-1 and PPTR-2 associate with chromosomes during prometaphase I and regulate chromosome congression. The chromosome localization of B56 subunits does not require shugoshin orthologue SGO-1. Instead we have identified the kinase BUB-1 as the key B56 targeting factor to the chromosomes during meiosis. PP2A BUB-1 recruits PP2A:B56 to the chromosomes via dual mechanism: 1) PPTR-1/2 interacts with the newly identified LxxIxE short linear motif (SLiM) within a disordered region in BUB-1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner; and 2) PPTR-2 can also be recruited to chromosomes in a BUB-1 kinase domain-dependent manner. Our results highlight a novel, BUB-1-dependent mechanism for B56 recruitment, essential for recruiting a pool of PP2A required for proper chromosome congression during meiosis I.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bel Borja, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soubigou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraguas Bringas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budrewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorensen-Turpin, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bembenek, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheerambathur, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelisch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP2A:B56 Regulates Meiotic Chromosome Segregation in C. elegans Oocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.134403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR GENES AND ACE2, THE RECEPTOR FOR SARS-COV-2: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COVID-19 DISEASE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.134403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Older aged adults and those with pre-existing conditions are at highest risk for severe COVID-19 associated outcomes. Using a large dataset of genome-wide RNA-seq profiles derived from human dermal fibroblasts (GSE113957) we investigated whether age affects the expression of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) genes and ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Older age was associated with increased expression of PRR genes, ACE2 and four genes that encode proteins that have been shown to interact with SAR2-CoV-2 proteins. Assessment of PRR expression might provide a strategy for stratifying the risk of severe COVID-19 disease at both the individual and population levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bickler, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauvi, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prieto, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidry, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thangarajah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignacio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstmann, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickler, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Maio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.134403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXPRESSION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR GENES AND ACE2, THE RECEPTOR FOR SARS-COV-2: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COVID-19 DISEASE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resident macrophages establish and control lipid stores via PDGFcc production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages control inflammation in obese animals, and may also directly or indirectly regulate energy storage. In a genetic screen we identify a PDGF-family growth factor, Pvf3, produced by macrophages and required for lipid storage in Drosophila larvaes fat body cells. We next demonstrate using genetic and pharmacological approaches that Pvf3 ortholog PDGFcc, produced by Ccr2-independent embryo-derived tissue macrophages, is also required for storage in mammalian white adipose tissue. PDGFcc production by resident macrophages is regulated by diet, acts on white adipocytes in a paracrine manner, and controls adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet fed and genetically hyperphagic mice. Upon PDGFcc blockade, excess lipids are redirected at the organismal level toward thermogenesis and hepatic storage in adults. This process is altogether independent from inflammation and insulin resistance promoted by Ccr2-dependent monocytes/macrophages. Our data identify a conserved macrophagedependent mechanism that controls energy storage, conducive to the design of pharmacological interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cox, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crozet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtman, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loyher, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mass, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geissmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.152397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resident macrophages establish and control lipid stores via PDGFcc production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Miniaturized Devices for Bioluminescence Imaging in Freely Behaving Animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescence miniature microscopy in vivo has recently proven a major advance, enabling cellular imaging in freely behaving animals. However, fluorescence imaging suffers from autofluorescence, phototoxicity, photobleaching and non-homogeneous illumination artifacts. These factors limit the quality and time course of data collection. Bioluminescence provides an alternative kind of activity-dependent light indicator. Bioluminescent calcium indicators do not require light input, instead generating photons through chemiluminescence. As such, limitations inherent to the requirement for light presentation are eliminated. Further, bioluminescent indicators also do not require excitation light optics: the removal of this component should make lighter and lower cost microscope with fewer assembly parts. While there has been significant recent progress in making brighter and faster bioluminescence indicators, parallel advances in imaging hardware have not yet been realized. A hardware challenge is that despite potentially higher signal-to-noise of bioluminescence, the signal strength is lower than that of fluorescence. An open question we address in this report is whether fluorescent miniature microscopes can be rendered sensitive enough to detect bioluminescence. We demonstrate this possibility in vitro and in vivo by implementing optimizations of the UCLA fluorescent miniscope. These optimizations yielded a miniscope (BLmini) which is 22% lighter in weight, has 45% fewer components, is up to 58% less expensive, offers up to 15 times stronger signal (as dichroic filtering is not required) and is sensitive enough to capture spatiotemporal dynamics of bioluminescence in the brain with a signal-to-noise ratio of 34 dB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Celinskis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koksharov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Ramirez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.152546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Miniaturized Devices for Bioluminescence Imaging in Freely Behaving Animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.155440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoperiod-Induced Neurotransmitter Switching in the Circadian Pacemaker Regulates Hypothalamic Dopamine Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.155440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light, circadian clocks, and rhythmic behaviors interact closely to produce a temporal order that is essential for the survival of most living organisms. In mammals, the principal circadian pacemaker in the brain is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which receives direct retinal input and synchronizes itself and other brain regions to the external light-dark cycle. Altered day length (photoperiod) and disrupted circadian rhythms are associated with impaired memory and mood in both humans and animal models. Prior work demonstrated that altering photoperiod can change neurotransmitter (NT) expression in the periventricular nucleus (PeVN) of the hypothalamus in adult rat brain. Here we show that neuromedin S-(NMS-) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-(VIP-) expressing neurons in the SCN also display photoperiod-induced neurotransmitter switching. Such photoperiod-dependent NT plasticity is retained in Bmal1-KO mice, indicating that NT plasticity in the SCN does not require a functional circadian clock. Utilizing a conditional viral DO-DIO vector as an historical marker of NT expression in the SCN, we further reveal that short-day photoperiod induces a cluster of non-NMS-expressing neurons to undergo NT switching and acquire the NMS phenotype. Selective chemogenetic activation of NMS neurons, but not VIP neurons, during the dark phase induces a significant delay in the timing of locomotor activity onset and is sufficient to increase the number of dopaminergic neurons in the PeVN. Our findings provide novel insights into molecular adaptations of the SCN neuronal network in response to altered photoperiod that affect neuronal circuit function in the hypothalamus and lead to changes in circadian behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porcu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booreddy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulcis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.155440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoperiod-Induced Neurotransmitter Switching in the Circadian Pacemaker Regulates Hypothalamic Dopamine Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.155630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential covariance: A new method to estimate functional connectivity in fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.155630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Measuring functional connectivity from fMRI recordings is important in understanding processing in cortical networks. However, because the brains connection pattern is complex, currently used methods are prone to producing false functional connections. We introduce differential covariance analysis, a new method that uses derivatives of the signal for estimating functional connectivity. We generated neural activities from Dynamical Causal Modeling and a neural network of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons and then converted them to hemodynamic signals using the forward Balloon model. The simulated fMRI signals together with the ground truth connectivity pattern were used to benchmark our method with other commonly used methods. Differential covariance achieved better results in complex network simulations. This new method opens an alternative way to estimate functional connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>lin, w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukhari, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.16.155630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential covariance: A new method to estimate functional connectivity in fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.157545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mode of action of an Acyl Protein thioesterase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.157545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many biochemical reactions occur at the membrane interfaces. The proper control of these reactions requires spatially and temporally controlled recruitment of protein complexes. These assemblies are largely regulated by post-translational modifications and a frequent one is S-acylation, which consists of the addition of medium length acyl chains. Reversibility of this modification is ensured by acyl protein thioesterases (APTs), which are poorly understood enzymes. Using a combination of computational, structural, biochemical, and cellular approaches, we dissect the mode of action of a major cellular thioesterase, APT2 (LYPLA2). We show that for APT2 to encounter its targets, it must interact with membranes by two consecutive steps, the insertion of a hydrophobic loop and subsequent S-acylation by the ZDHHC3 or ZDHHC7 palmitoyltransferases. Once bound, APT2 deforms the lipid bilayer to extract the acyl chain bound to its substrate, capturing it in a hydrophobic pocket and allowing hydrolysis. Deacylation releases APT2, allowing it to bind to other membranes, but also renders it vulnerable to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. This molecular understanding of APT2 paves the way to understand the dynamics of APT2-mediated depalmitoylation throughout the endomembrane system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abrami, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audagnotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcaida, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesquita, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anward, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoz, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pojer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Peraro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Goot, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.157545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mode of action of an Acyl Protein thioesterase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.21.163709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping cell structure across scales by fusing protein images and interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.21.163709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTThe eukaryotic cell is a multi-scale structure with modular organization across at least four orders of magnitude1,2. Two central approaches for mapping this structure – protein fluorescent imaging and protein biophysical association – each generate extensive datasets but of distinct qualities and resolutions that are typically treated separately3,4. Here, we integrate immunofluorescent images in the Human Protein Atlas5 with ongoing affinity purification experiments from the BioPlex resource6 to create a unified hierarchical map of eukaryotic cell architecture. Integration involves configuring each approach to produce a general measure of protein distance, then calibrating the two measures using machine learning. The evolving map, called the Multi-Scale Integrated Cell (MuSIC 1.0), currently resolves 69 subcellular systems of which approximately half are undocumented. Based on these findings we perform 134 additional affinity purifications, validating close subunit associations for the majority of systems. The map elucidates roles for poorly characterized proteins, such as the appearance of FAM120C in chromatin; identifies new protein assemblies in ribosomal biogenesis, RNA splicing, nuclear speckles, and ion transport; and reveals crosstalk between cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. By integration across scales, MuSIC substantially increases the mapping resolution obtained from imaging while giving protein interactions a spatial dimension, paving the way to incorporate many molecular data types in proteome-wide maps of cells.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winsnes, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttlin, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisberg, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gygi, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.21.163709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping cell structure across scales by fusing protein images and interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.164533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces bacteriophages and Streptomyces strains encoding biosynthetic arsenals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.164533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The threat to public health posed by drug-resistant bacteria is rapidly increasing, as some of healthcares most potent antibiotics are becoming obsolete. Approximately two-thirds of the worlds antibiotics are derived from natural products produced by Streptomyces encoded biosynthetic gene clusters. Thus, in order to identify novel gene clusters, we sequenced the genomes of four bioactive Streptomyces strains isolated from the soil in San Diego County and used Bacterial Cytological Profiling adapted for agar plate culturing in order to examine the mechanisms of bacterial inhibition exhibited by these strains. In the four strains, we identified 101 biosynthetic gene clusters. Some of these clusters were predicted to produce previously studied antibiotics; however, the known mechanisms of these molecules could not fully account for the antibacterial activity exhibited by the strains, suggesting that novel clusters might encode antibiotics. When assessed for their ability to inhibit the growth of clinically isolated pathogens, three Streptomyces strains demonstrated activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, due to the utility of bacteriophages for genetically manipulating bacterial strains via transduction, we also isolated four new phages (BartholomewSD, IceWarrior, Shawty, and TrvxScott) against S. platensis. A genomic analysis of our phages revealed nearly 200 uncharacterized proteins, including a new site-specific serine integrase that could prove to be a useful genetic tool. Sequence analysis of the Streptomyces strains identified CRISPR-Cas systems and specific spacer sequences that allowed us to predict phage host ranges. Ultimately, this study identified Streptomyces strains with the potential to produce novel chemical matter as well as integrase-encoding phages that could potentially be used to manipulate these strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montano, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nideffer, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumage, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derman, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuppala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luterstein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakkaraju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panchagnula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soriano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujii, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shing, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Racha, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falah, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trigg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.164533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces bacteriophages and Streptomyces strains encoding biosynthetic arsenals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.166041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A whole-cortex probabilistic diffusion tractography connectome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.166041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project (HCP) is a publicly-available dataset containing state-of-art structural, functional, and diffusion-MRI for over a thousand healthy subjects. While the planned scope of the HCP included an anatomical connectome, resting-state functional-MRI forms the bulk of the HCPs current connectomic output. We address this by presenting a full-cortex connectome derived from probabilistic diffusion tractography and organized into the HCP-MMP1.0 atlas. Probabilistic methods and large sample sizes are preferable for whole-connectome mapping as they increase the fidelity of traced low-probability connections. We find that overall, connection strengths are lognormally distributed and decay exponentially with tract length, that connectivity reasonably matches macaque histological tracing in homologous areas, that contralateral homologs and left-lateralized language areas are hyperconnected, and that hierarchical similarity influences connectivity. We compare the diffusion-MRI connectome to existing resting-state fMRI and cortico-cortico evoked potential connectivity matrices and find that it is more similar to the latter. This work helps fulfill the promise of the HCP and will make possible comparisons between the underlying structural connectome and functional connectomes of various modalities, brain states, and clinical conditions.

Significance StatementThe tracts between cortical parcels can be estimated from diffusion MRI, but most studies concentrate on only the largest connections. Here we present an atlas, the largest and most detailed of its kind, showing connections among all cortical parcels. Connectivity is relatively enhanced between frontotemporal language areas and homologous contralateral locations. We find that connectivity decays with fiber tract distance more slowly than predicted by brain volume and that structural and stimulation-derived connectivity are more similar to each other than to resting-state functional MRI correlations. The connectome presented is publicly available and organized into a commonly used scheme for defining brain areas in order to enable ready comparison to other brain imaging datasets of various modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.166041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A whole-cortex probabilistic diffusion tractography connectome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.167734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Live-Cell Assay for the Detection of pre-microRNA-Protein Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.167734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent efforts in genome-wide sequencing and proteomics have revealed the fundamental roles that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play in the life cycle and function of both coding and non-coding RNAs. While these methodologies provide a systems-level view of the networking of RNA and proteins, approaches to enable the cellular validation of discovered interactions are lacking. Leveraging the power of bioorthogonal chemistry- and split-luciferase-based assay technologies, we have devised a conceptually new assay for the live-cell detection of RNA-protein interactions (RPIs), RNA interaction with Protein-mediated Complementation Assay, or RiPCA. As proof-of-concept, we have utilized the interaction of the pre-microRNA, pre-let-7, with its binding partner, Lin28. Using this system, we have demonstrated the selective detection of the pre-let-7-Lin28 RPI in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Furthermore, we determined this technology can be used to discern relative affinities for specific sequences as well as of individual RNA binding domains. Thus, RiPCA has the potential to serve as a useful tool in supporting the investigation of cellular RPIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenblum, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.167734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Live-Cell Assay for the Detection of pre-microRNA-Protein Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.167791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-glycosylation network construction and analysis to modify glycans on the spike S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.167791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background The spike S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 is N-glycosylated. The N-glycan structure and composition of this glycoprotein influence how the virus interacts with host cells.Objective To identify a putative N-glycan biosynthesis pathway of SARS-CoV-2 (HEK293 cell recombinant) from previously published mass spectrometric studies, and to identify what effect blocking some enzymes has on the overall glycoprotein profile. Finally, our goal was to provide the biosynthesis network, and glycans in easy-to-use format for further glycoinformatics work.Methods We reconstructed the glycosylation network based on previously published empirical data using GNAT, a glycosylation network analysis tool. Our compilation of the network tool had 23 glycosyltransferase and glucosidase enzymes, and could infer the pathway of glycosylation machinery based on glycans identified in the virus spike protein. Once the glycan biosynthesis pathway was generated, we simulated the effect of blocking specific enzymes - Mannosidase-II and alpha-1,6-fucosyltransferase to see how they would affect the biosynthesis network.Results Of the 23 enzymes, a total of 12 were involved in glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 - Man-Ia, MGAT1, MGAT2, MGAT4, MGAT5, B4GalT, B4GalT, Man II, SiaT, ST3GalI, ST3GalVI and FucT8. Blocking enzymes resulted in a substantially modified glycan profile of the protein.Conclusions A network analysis of N-glycan biosynthesis of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shows an elaborate enzymatic pathway with several intermediate glycans, along with the ones identified by mass spectrometric studies. Variations in the final N-glycan profile of the virus, given its site-specific microheterogeneity, could be a factor in the host response to the infection and response to antibodies. Here we provide all the resources generated - the glycans derived from mass spectrometry and intermediate glycans in glycoCT xml format, and the biosynthesis network for future drug and vaccine development work.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.167791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-glycosylation network construction and analysis to modify glycans on the spike S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.169243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Simple Procedure for Bacterial Expression and Purification of the Fragile X Protein Family 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.169243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fragile X protein family consists of three RNA-binding proteins involved in translational regulation. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is well-studied, as its loss leads to fragile X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder which is the most prevalent form of inherited mental retardation and the primary monogenetic cause of autism. Fragile X related proteins 1 and 2 (FXR1P & FXR2P) are autosomal paralogs of FMRP that are involved in promoting muscle development and neural development, respectively. There is great interest in studying this family of proteins, yet researchers have faced much difficulty in expressing and purifying the full-length versions of these proteins in sufficient quantities. We have developed a simple, rapid, and inexpensive procedure that allows for the recombinant expression and purification of full-length human FMRP, FXR1P, and FXR2P from Escherichia coli in high yields, free of protein and nucleic acid contamination. In order to assess the proteins function after purification, we confirmed their binding to pseudoknot and G-quadruplex forming RNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edwards, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.24.169243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Simple Procedure for Bacterial Expression and Purification of the Fragile X Protein Family]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.171967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Human Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Inhibits the Elongation Step of Translation through its RGG and C-terminal domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.171967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the translation of numerous mRNAs in neurons. The precise mechanism of translational regulation by FMRP is unknown. Some studies have indicated that FMRP inhibits the initiation step of translation, whereas other studies have indicated that the elongation step of translation is inhibited by FMRP. To determine whether FMRP inhibits the initiation or the elongation step of protein synthesis, we investigated m7G-cap-dependent and IRES-driven, cap-independent translation of several reporter mRNAs in vitro. Our results show that FMRP inhibits both m7G-cap-dependent and cap-independent translation to similar degrees, indicating that the elongation step of translation is inhibited by FMRP. Additionally, we dissected the RNA-binding domains of hFMRP to determine the essential domains for inhibiting translation. We show that the RGG domain, together with the C-terminal domain (CTD), is sufficient to inhibit translation while the KH domains do not inhibit mRNA translation. However, the region between the RGG domain and the KH2 domain may contribute as NT-hFMRP shows more potent inhibition than the RGG-CTD tail alone. Interestingly, we see a correlation between ribosome binding and translation inhibition, suggesting the RGG-CTD tail of hFMRP may anchor FMRP to the ribosome during translation inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Athar, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.171967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Human Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Inhibits the Elongation Step of Translation through its RGG and C-terminal domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.172262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical Organoids Model Early Brain Development Disrupted by 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants in Autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.25.172262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reciprocal deletion and duplication of 16p11.2 region is the most common copy number variation (CNV) associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders. We generated cortical organoids from skin fibroblasts of patients with 16p11.2 CNV to investigate impacted neurodevelopmental processes. We show that organoid size recapitulates macrocephaly and microcephaly phenotypes observed in the patients with 16p11.2 deletions and duplications. The CNV has mirror-opposite effect on neuronal maturation, proliferation, and synapse number, in concordance with its effect on brain growth in humans. We demonstrate that 16p11.2 CNV alters the ratio of neurons to neural progenitors in organoids during early neurogenesis, with excess of neurons and depletion of neural progenitors observed in deletions, and mirror phenotypes in duplications. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed multiple dysregulated pathways, including defects in neuron migration. Inhibition of activity of the small GTPase RhoA rescued migration deficits. This study provides insights into potential neurobiological mechanisms behind the 16p11.2 CNV during neocortical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urresti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran-Losada, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, N.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negraes, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramod, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejwani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.172262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical Organoids Model Early Brain Development Disrupted by 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants in Autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetics of human gut microbiome composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed genome-wide genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,340 individuals (24 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: only 9 out of 410 genera were detected in more than 95% samples. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of host genetic variation in relation to microbial taxa identified 31 loci affecting microbiome at a genome-wide significant (P<5x10-8) threshold. One locus, the lactase (LCT) gene locus, reached study-wide significance (GWAS signal P=1.28x10-20), and it showed an age-dependent association with Bifidobacterium abundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.95x10-10<P<5x10-8) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and suggested the microbiome has causal effects in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurilshikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacigalupe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radjabzadeh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roy, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raygoza Garay, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finnicum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhernakova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruhlemann, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turpin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lull, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornage, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szopinska-Tokov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borisevich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agreus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedrani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisgaard, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burk, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claringbould, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croitoru, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Duijn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duijts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falony, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Graaf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetics of human gut microbiome composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.174847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The N-terminus of GPR37L1 is proteolytically processed by matrix metalloproteases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.174847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GPR37L1 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor expressed exclusively in the brain and linked to seizures, neuroprotection and cardiovascular disease. Based upon the observation that fragments of the GPR37L1 N-terminus are found in human cerebrospinal fluid, we hypothesized that GPR37L1 was subject to post-translational modification. Heterologous expression of GPR37L1-eYFP in either HEK293 or U87 glioblastoma cells yielded two cell surface species of approximately equivalent abundance, the larger of which is N-glycosylated at Asn105. The smaller species is produced by matrix metalloprotease/ADAM-mediated proteolysis (shown by the use of pharmacological inhibitors) and has a molecular weight identical to that of a mutant lacking the entire N-terminus, Δ122 GPR37L1. Serial truncation of the N-terminus prevented GPR37L1 expression except when the entire N-terminus was removed, narrowing the predicted site of N-terminal proteolysis to residues 105-122. Using yeast expressing different G protein chimeras, we found that wild type GPR37L1, but not Δ122 GPR37L1, coupled constitutively to Gpa1/Gαs and Gpa1/Gα16 chimeras, in contrast to previous studies. We tested the peptides identified in cerebrospinal fluid as well as their putative newly-generated N-terminal ‘tethered’ counterparts in both wild type and Δ122 GPR37L1 Gpa1/Gαs strains but saw no effect, suggesting that GPR37L1 does not signal in a manner akin to the protease-activated receptor family. We also saw no evidence of receptor activation or regulation by the reported GPR37L1 ligand, prosaptide/TX14A. Finally, the proteolytically processed species predominated both in vivo and ex vivo in organotypic cerebellar slice preparations, suggesting that GPR37L1 is rapidly processed to a signaling-inactive form. Our data indicate that the function of GPR37L1 in vivo is tightly regulated by metalloprotease-dependent N-terminal cleavage.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smythe, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleave, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.27.174847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The N-terminus of GPR37L1 is proteolytically processed by matrix metalloproteases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.175489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isoform transcriptome of developing human brain provides new insights into autism risk variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.175489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative splicing plays important role in brain development, however its global contribution to human neurodevelopmental diseases (NDD) has not been fully investigated. Here, we examined the relationships between full-length splicing isoforms expression in the brain and de novo loss-of-function mutations identified in the patients with NDDs. We analyzed the full-length isoform transcriptome of the developing human brain and observed differentially expressed isoforms and isoform co-expression modules undetectable by gene-level analyses. These isoforms were enriched in loss-of-function mutations and microexons, co-expressed with a unique set of partners, and had higher prenatal expression. We experimentally tested the impact of splice site mutations in five NDD risk genes, including SCN2A, DYRK1A and BTRC, and demonstrated exon skipping. Furthermore, our results suggest that the splice site mutation in BTRC reduces translational efficiency, likely impacting Wnt signaling through impaired degradation of {beta}-catenin. We propose that functional effect of mutations associated with human diseases should be investigated at the isoform-rather than the gene-level resolution.

HighlightsO_LIDifferential isoform expression analysis of the human brain transcriptome reveals neurodevelopmental processes and pathways undetectable by differential gene expression analyses.
C_LIO_LISplicing isoforms impacted by neurodevelopmental disease (NDD) risk mutations exhibit higher prenatal expression, are enriched in microexons and are involved in neuronal-related functions.
C_LIO_LIIsoform co-expression network analysis identifies modules with splicing and synaptic functions that are enriched in NDD mutations.
C_LIO_LISplice site mutations impacting NDD risk genes cause exon skipping and produce novel isoforms with altered biological properties.
C_LIO_LIFunctional impact of mutations should be investigated at the full-length isoform-level rather than the gene-level resolution
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urresti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramod, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corominas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.27.175489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isoform transcriptome of developing human brain provides new insights into autism risk variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.175661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Small Molecule Fluorogenic Probe for the Detection of Sphingosine in Living Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.27.175661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTThe single-chained sphingolipid sphingosine is an essential structural lipid and signaling molecule. Abnormal sphingosine metabolism is observed in several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s. Despite its biological importance, there are a lack of tools for detecting sphingosine in living cells. This is likely due to the broader challenge of developing highly selective and live-cell compatible affinity probes for hydrophobic lipid species. In this work, we have developed a small molecule fluorescent turn-on probe for labeling sphingosine in living cells. This probe utilizes a selective reaction between sphingosine and salicylaldehyde esters to fluorescently label sphingosine molecules. We demonstrate that this probe exhibits a dose-dependent response to sphingosine and is able to detect endogenous pools of sphingosine. Using our probe, we successfully detected sphingosine accumulation in live Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) patient cells, a lipid transport disorder in which increased sphingosine mediates disease progression. This work provides a simple and accessible method for the detection of sphingosine and should facilitate study of this critical signaling lipid in biology and disease.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rudd, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.27.175661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Small Molecule Fluorogenic Probe for the Detection of Sphingosine in Living Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.178038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial metabolomics identifies localized chemical changes in heart tissue during chronic cardiac Chagas disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.178038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chagas disease (CD) is one of thirteen neglected tropical diseases caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. CD is a vector-borne disease transmitted by triatomines but CD can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants and congenital transmission. While endemic to Latin America, T. cruzi infects 7-8 million people worldwide and can induce severe cardiac symptoms including apical aneurysms, thromboembolisms and arrhythmias during the chronic stage of CD. However, these cardiac clinical manifestations and CD disease pathogenesis are not fully understood. Using spatial metabolomics (chemical cartography), we sought to understand the localized impact of infection on the cardiac metabolome of mice chronically infected with two divergent T. cruzi strains. Our data showed chemical differences in localized cardiac regions upon chronic T. cruzi infection, indicating that parasite infection changes the host metabolome at select sites in chronic CD. These sites were distinct from the sites of highest parasite burden. In addition, we identified acylcarnitines and phosphocholines as discriminatory chemical families within each heart region, comparing infected and uninfected samples. Overall, our study indicated overall and positional metabolic differences common to infection with different T. cruzi strains, and identified select infection-modulated pathways. These results provide further insight into CD pathogenesis and demonstrate the advantage of a spatial perspective to understand infectious disease tropism.Author Summary Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. CD originated in South America; however, there are now 7-8 million people infected worldwide due to population movements. CD is transmitted through a triatomine vector, organ transplants, blood transfusions and congenital transmission. It occurs in two stages, an acute stage (usually asymptomatic) and the chronic stage. Chronic stage CD presents with severe cardiac symptoms such as heart failure, localized aneurysms and cardiomyopathy. Unfortunately, what causes severe cardiac symptoms in some individuals in chronic CD is not fully understood. Therefore, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the heart tissue of chronically T. cruzi-infected and uninfected mice, to understand the impact of infection on the tissue metabolome. We identified discriminatory small molecules related to T. cruzi infection. We also determined that regions with the highest parasite burden are distinct from the regions with the largest changes in overall metabolite profile; these locations of high metabolic perturbation provide a molecular mechanism to why localized cardiac symptoms occur in CD. Overall, our work gives insight to chronic cardiac CD symptom development and shapes a framework for novel treatment and biomarker development.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dean, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautham,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.29.178038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial metabolomics identifies localized chemical changes in heart tissue during chronic cardiac Chagas disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.179861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local Field Potentials in a Pre-motor Region Predict Learned Vocal Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.179861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal activity within the premotor region HVC is tightly synchronized to, and crucial for, the articulate production of learned song in birds. Characterizations of this neural activity typically focuses on patterns of sequential bursting in small carefully identified subsets of single neurons in the HVC population. Much less is known about population dynamics beyond the scale of individual neurons. There is a rich history of using local field potentials (LFP), to extract information about behavior that extends beyond the contribution of individual cells. These signals have the advantage of being stable over longer periods of time and have been used to study and decode complex motor behaviors, such as human speech. Here we characterize LFP signals in the putative HVC of freely behaving male zebra finches during song production, to determine if population activity may yield similar insights into the mechanisms underlying complex motor-vocal behavior. Following an initial observation that structured changes in the LFP were distinct to all vocalizations during song, we show that it is possible to extract time varying features from multiple frequency bands to decode the identity of specific vocalization elements (syllables) and to predict their temporal onsets within the motif. This demonstrates that LFP is a useful signal for studying motor control in songbirds. Surprisingly, the time frequency structure of putative HVC LFP is qualitatively similar to well established oscillations found in both human and non-human mammalian motor areas. This physiological similarity, despite distinct anatomical structures, may give insight to common computational principles for learning and/or generating complex motor-vocal behaviors.

Author SummaryVocalizations, such as speech and song, are a motor process that requires the coordination of several muscle groups receiving instructions from specific brain regions. In songbirds, HVC is a premotor brain region required for singing and it is populated by a set of neurons that fire sparsely during song. How HVC enables song generation is not well understood. Here we describe network activity in putative HVC that precedes the initiation of each vocal element during singing. This network activity can be used to predict both the identity of each vocal element (syllable) and when it will occur during song. In addition, this network activity is similar to activity that has been documented in human, non-human primate, and mammalian premotor regions tied to muscle movements. These similarities add to a growing body of literature that finds parallels between songbirds and humans in respect to the motor control of vocal organs. Given the similarities of the songbird and human motor-vocal systems these results suggest that the songbird model could be leveraged to accelerate the development of clinically translatable speech prosthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadwory, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arneodo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentner, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.179861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local Field Potentials in a Pre-motor Region Predict Learned Vocal Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.181875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biophysical modeling of the neural origin of EEG and MEG signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.181875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are among the most important techniques for non-invasively studying cognition and disease in the human brain. These signals are known to originate from cortical neural activity, typically described in terms of current dipoles. While the link between cortical current dipoles and EEG/MEG signals is relatively well understood, surprisingly little is known about the link between different kinds of neural activity and the current dipoles themselves. Detailed biophysical modeling has played an important role in exploring the neural origin of intracranial electric signals, like extracellular spikes and local field potentials. However, this approach has not yet been taken full advantage of in the context of exploring the neural origin of the cortical current dipoles that are causing EEG/MEG signals.

Here, we present a method for reducing arbitrary simulated neural activity to single current dipoles. We find that the method is applicable for calculating extracranial signals, but less suited for calculating intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) signals. We demonstrate that this approach can serve as a powerful tool for investigating the neural origin of EEG/MEG signals. This is done through example studies of the single-neuron EEG contribution, the putative EEG contribution from calcium spikes, and from calculating EEG signals from large-scale neural network simulations. We also demonstrate how the simulated current dipoles can be used directly in combination with detailed head models, allowing for simulated EEG signals with an unprecedented level of biophysical details.

In conclusion, this paper presents a framework for biophysically detailed modeling of EEG and MEG signals, which can be used to better our understanding of non-inasively measured neural activity in humans.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=103 SRC="FIGDIR/small/181875v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (28K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@47f029org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e8244dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a765c1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@96550_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LICurrent dipoles are computed from biophysically detailed simulated neuron and network activity
C_LIO_LIExtracted current dipoles allow for accurate computation of EEG and MEG signals in simplified and detailed head models
C_LIO_LICurrent-diplole approximation generally not suitable for accurate calculations of ECoG signals
C_LIO_LIMethod provides biophysics-based link between detailed neural activity and systems-level signals
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naess, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halnes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einevoll, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.181875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biophysical modeling of the neural origin of EEG and MEG signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.182063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoregulation of HORMA domain protein HIM-3 promotes asymmetric synaptonemal complex disassembly in meiotic prophase in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.182063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the two cell divisions of meiosis, diploid genomes are reduced into complementary haploid sets through the discrete, two-step removal of chromosome cohesion, a task carried out in most eukaryotes by protecting cohesion at the centromere until the second division. In eukaryotes without defined centromeres, however, alternative strategies have been innovated. The best-understood of these is that used by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where upon division of the chromosome into two segments or arms by the single off-center crossover, several chromosome-associated proteins or post-translational modifications become specifically partitioned to either the short or long arm, where they affect the timing of cohesion loss through as-yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigate the meiotic axis HORMA-domain protein HIM-3 and show that it becomes phosphorylated at its C-terminus, within the conserved “closure motif” region bound by the related HORMA-domain proteins HTP-1 and HTP-2. Binding of HTP-2 is abrogated by phosphorylation of the closure motif in in vitro assays, strongly suggesting that in vivo phosphorylation of HIM-3 likely modulates the hierarchical structure of the chromosome axis. Phosphorylation of HIM-3 only occurs on synapsed chromosomes, and similarly to previously-described phosphorylated proteins of the synaptonemal complex, becomes restricted to the short arm after designation of crossover recombination sites. Regulation of HIM-3 phosphorylation status is required for timely disassembly of synaptonemal complex central elements from the long arm, and is also required for proper timing of HTP-1 and HTP-2 dissociation from the short arm. Phosphorylation of HIM-3 thus plays a role in establishing the identity of short and long arms, thereby contributing to the robustness of the two-step chromosome segregation.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sato-Carlton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura-Tabuchi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boog, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barroso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Perez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlton, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.182063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoregulation of HORMA domain protein HIM-3 promotes asymmetric synaptonemal complex disassembly in meiotic prophase in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.183236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a Synthetic Poxvirus-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.01.183236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. We developed a novel vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors from chemically synthesized DNA. In response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we used this novel vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic MVA (sMVA) vectors co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, two immunodominant antigens implicated in protective immunity. Mice immunized with these sMVA vectors developed robust SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, including potent neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential of a novel vaccine platform based on synthetic DNA to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors and to rapidly develop a multi-antigenic poxvirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiuppesi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iniguez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaltcheva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levytskyy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebelt, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manuel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shostak, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wussow, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.183236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a Synthetic Poxvirus-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.184226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Title: Acetylcholine regulates pulmonary inflammation and facilitates the transition from active immunity to tissue repair during respiratory viral infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.184226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTInflammatory control is critical to recovery from respiratory viral infection. Acetylcholine (ACh) secreted from non-neuronal sources, including lymphocytes, plays an important, albeit underappreciated, role in regulating immune-mediated inflammation. This study was designed to explore the role of ACh in acute viral infection and recovery. Using the murine model of influenza A, cholinergic status in the lungs and airway was examined over the course of infection and recovery. The results showed that airway ACh remained constant through the early stage of infection and increased during the peak of the acquired immune response. As the concentration of ACh increased, cholinergic lymphocytes appeared in the airway and lungs. Cholinergic capacity was found primarily in CD4 T cells, but also in B cells and CD8 T cells. The cholinergic CD4+ T cells bound to influenza-specific tetramers at the same frequency as their conventional (i.e., non-cholinergic) counterparts. In addition, they were retained in the lungs throughout the recovery phase and could still be detected in the resident memory regions of the lung up to two months after infection. Histologically, cholinergic lymphocytes were found in direct physical contact with activated macrophages throughout the lung. When ACh production was inhibited, mice exhibited increased tissue inflammation, altered lung architecture, and delayed recovery. Together, these findings point to a previously unrecognized role for ACh in the transition from active immunity to recovery and pulmonary repair following respiratory viral infection.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horkowitz, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thoman, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatfield, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, U. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.184226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Title: Acetylcholine regulates pulmonary inflammation and facilitates the transition from active immunity to tissue repair during respiratory viral infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heart Snapshot: a broadly validated smartphone measure of VO2max for collection of real world data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expanding access to precision medicine will increasingly require that patient biometrics can be measured in remote care settings. VO2max, the maximum volume of oxygen usable during intense exercise, is one of the most predictive biometric risk factors for cardiovascular disease, frailty, and overall mortality.1,2 However, VO2max measurements are rarely performed in clinical care or large-scale epidemiologic studies due to the high cost, participant burden, and need for specialized laboratory equipment and staff.3,4 To overcome these barriers, we developed two smartphone sensor-based protocols for estimating VO2max: a generalization of a 12-minute run test (12-MRT) and a submaximal 3-minute step test (3-MST). In laboratory settings, Lins concordance for these two tests relative to gold standard VO2max testing was pc=0.66 for 12-MRT and pc=0.61 for 3-MST. Relative to "silver standards"5 (Cooper/Tecumseh protocols), concordance was pc=0.96 and pc=0.94, respectively. However, in remote settings, 12-MRT was significantly less concordant with gold standard (pc=0.25) compared to 3-MST (pc=0.61), though both had high test-retest reliability (ICC=0.88 and 0.86, respectively). These results demonstrate the importance of real-world evidence for validation of digital health measurements. In order to validate 3-MST in a broadly representative population in accordance with the All of Us Research Program6 for which this measurement was developed, the camera-based heart rate measurement was investigated for potential bias. No systematic measurement error was observed that corresponded to skin pigmentation level, operating system, or cost of the phone used. The smartphone-based 3-MST protocol, here termed Heart Snapshot, maintained fidelity across demographic variation in age and sex, across diverse skin pigmentation, and between iOS and Android implementations of various smartphone models. The source code for these smartphone measurements, along with the data used to validate them,6 are openly available to the research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webster, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tummalacherla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConnell, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muse, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olgin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangravite, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.185314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heart Snapshot: a broadly validated smartphone measure of VO2max for collection of real world data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.190181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput cultivation of stable, diverse, fecal-derived microbial communities to model the intestinal microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.06.190181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryMechanistic understanding of the impacts of the gut microbiota on human health has been hampered by limited throughput in animal models. To enable systematic interrogation of gut-relevant microbial communities, here we generated hundreds of in vitro communities cultured from diverse stool samples in various media. Species composition revealed stool-derived communities that are phylogenetically complex, diverse, stable, and highly reproducible. Community membership depended on both medium and initial inoculum, with certain media preserving inoculum compositions. Different inocula yielded different community compositions, indicating their potential for personalized therapeutics. Communities were robust to freezing and large-volume culturing, enabling future translational applications. Defined communities were generated from isolates and reconstituted growth and composition similar to those of communities derived from stool inocula. Finally, in vitro experiments probing the response to ciprofloxacin successfully predicted many changes observed in vivo, including the resilience and sensitivity of each Bacteroides species. Thus, stool-derived in vitro communities constitute a powerful resource for microbiota research.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aranda-Diaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomsen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real-Ramirez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dittmar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez Gonzalez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higginbottom, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnenburg, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.06.190181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput cultivation of stable, diverse, fecal-derived microbial communities to model the intestinal microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity Mapping the Acyl Carrier Protein - Elongating Ketosynthase Interaction in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.196451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elongating ketosynthases (KSs) catalyze carbon-carbon bond forming reactions during the committed step for each round of chain extension in both fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). A small -helical acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles fatty acyl intermediates between enzyme active sites. To accomplish this task, ACP relies on a series of dynamic interactions with multiple partner enzymes of FAS and associated FAS-dependent pathways. Recent structures of the Escherichia coli FAS ACP, AcpP, in covalent complexes with its two cognate elongating KSs, FabF and FabB, provide high-resolution detail of these interfaces, but a systematic analysis of specific interfacial interactions responsible for stabilizing these complexes has not yet been undertaken. Here, we use site-directed mutagenesis with both in vitro and in vivo activity analyses to quantitatively evaluate these contacting surfaces between AcpP and FabF. We delineate the FabF interface into three interacting regions and demonstrate the effects of point mutants, double mutants, and region delete variants. Results from these analyses reveal a robust and modular FabF interface capable of tolerating seemingly critical interface mutations with only the deletion of entire regions significantly compromising activity. Structure and sequence analysis of FabF orthologs from related type II FAS pathways indicate significant conservation of type II FAS KS interface residues and, overall, support its delineation into interaction regions. These findings strengthen our mechanistic understanding of molecular recognition events between ACPs and FAS enzymes and provide a blueprint for engineering ACP-dependent biosynthetic pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey T Mindrebo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laetitia Estelle Misson Mindrebo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caitlin Johnson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph P. Noel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Burkart</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.09.196451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity Mapping the Acyl Carrier Protein - Elongating Ketosynthase Interaction in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature triggers provide quantitative predictions of multi-species fish spawning peaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We find a startling correlation (Pearson {rho} > 0.97) between a single event in daily sea surface temperatures each spring, and peak fish egg abundance measurements the following summer, in 7 years of approximately weekly fish egg abundance data collected at Scripps Pier in La Jolla California. Even more surprising is that this event-based result persists despite the large and variable number of fish species involved (up to 46), and the large and variable time interval between trigger and response (up to ~3 months). To mitigate against potential over-fitting, we make a true out-of-sample prediction for the peak summer egg abundance that will be observed at Scripps Pier this year.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emma  S. Choi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erik Saberski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tom Lorimer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unduwap Kandage-don</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronald  S. Burton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George Sugihara</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.196923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature triggers provide quantitative predictions of multi-species fish spawning peaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.12.189621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wide phenotypic spectrum of human stem cell-derived excitatory neurons with Rett syndrome-associated MECP2 mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.12.189621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder primarily caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2 that is a global transcriptional regulator. Mutations in the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) of MECP2 disrupt its interaction with methylated DNA. Here, we investigate the effect of MECP2 L124W missense mutation in the MBD of an atypical RTT patient in comparison to severe MECP2 null mutations. L124W protein had a limited ability to disrupt heterochromatic chromocenters due to decreased binding dynamics. We isolated two pairs of isogenic WT and L124W induced pluripotent stem cells. L124W induced excitatory neurons expressed stable protein, exhibited increased input resistance and decreased voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents, and their neuronal dysmorphology was limited to decreased dendritic complexity. Three isogenic pairs of MECP2 null neurons had the expected more extreme morphological and electrophysiological phenotypes. We examined development and maturation of L124W and MECP2 null excitatory neural network activity using micro-electrode arrays. Relative to isogenic controls, L124W neurons had an increase in synchronous network burst frequency, in contrast to MECP2 null neurons that suffered a significant decrease in synchronous network burst frequency and a transient extension of network burst duration. We capture these findings in a computational neural network model that shows the observed changes in network dynamics are best explained by changes in intrinsic adaptation currents in individual neurons. Our multilevel results demonstrate that RTT excitatory neurons show a wide spectrum of morphological, electrophysiological and circuitry phenotypes that are dependent on the severity of the MECP2 mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rebecca SF Mok</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen-Bo Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taimoor I Sheikh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isabella R Fernandes</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leah C DeJong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew R Hildebrandt</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marat Mufteev</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deivid C Rodrigues</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Wei</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alina Piekna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiajie Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alysson R Muotri</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John B Vincent</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael W Salter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Ellis</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.12.189621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wide phenotypic spectrum of human stem cell-derived excitatory neurons with Rett syndrome-associated MECP2 mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.198630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tobacco, but not nicotine and flavor-less electronic cigarettes, induces ACE2 and immune dysregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.198630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions worldwide. This pandemic overlaps with the ongoing epidemics of cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping, with over 1 billion smokers and vapers worldwide. However, there is scarce data relating COVID-19 risks and outcome with cigarette or e-cig use. In this study, we mined 3 independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. We found that smoking, but not vaping, upregulates ACE2, the cellular receptor that SARS-CoV-2 requires for infection. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cig led to upregulations of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and expression of genes related to inflammasomes. Vaping flavor-less and nicotine-less e-cig, however, did not lead to significant cytokine dysregulation and inflammasome activation. Release of inflammasome products, such as IL-1B, and cytokine storms are hallmarks of COVID-19 infection, especially in severe cases. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that smoking or vaping, specifically use of flavored or nicotine-containing e-cigs, may critically exacerbate COVID-19-related inflammation or increase susceptibility to the disease. Further scientific and public health investigations should be undertaken to address these concerning links between COVID-19 and e-cig/smoking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakladar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang-Rodriguez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ongkeko, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.198630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tobacco, but not nicotine and flavor-less electronic cigarettes, induces ACE2 and immune dysregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cigarette Smoke and Nicotine-Containing E-cigarette Vapor Downregulate Lung WWOX Expression Which is Associated with Increased Severity of Murine ARDS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RATIONALEA history of chronic cigarette smoking is known to increase risk for ARDS, but the corresponding risks associated with chronic e-cigarette use are largely unknown. The chromosomal fragile site gene, WWOX, is highly susceptible to genotoxic stress from environmental exposures, and thus an interesting candidate gene for the study of exposure-related lung disease.

METHODS AND RESULTSLungs harvested from current versus former/never smokers exhibited a 47% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels. Exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor resulted in an average 57% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels relative to vehicle treated controls. In separate studies, endothelial (EC)-specific WWOX KO versus wild type mice were examined under ARDS-producing conditions. EC WWOX KO mice exhibited significantly greater levels of vascular leak and histologic lung injury. ECs were isolated from digested lungs of untreated EC WWOX KO mice using sorting by flow cytometry for CD31+CD45- cells. These were grown in culture, confirmed to be WWOX-deficient by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and analyzed by electric cell impedance sensing (ECIS) as well as a FITC dextran transwell assay for their barrier properties during MRSA or LPS exposure. WWOX KO ECs demonstrated significantly greater declines in barrier function relative to wild type cells during either MRSA or LPS treatment as measured by both ECIS and the transwell assay.

CONCLUSIONThe increased risk for ARDS observed in chronic smokers may be mechanistically linked, at least in part, to lung WWOX downregulation, and this phenomenon may also manifest in the near future in chronic users of e-cigarettes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshensky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldaz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudek, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machado, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.200832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cigarette Smoke and Nicotine-Containing E-cigarette Vapor Downregulate Lung WWOX Expression Which is Associated with Increased Severity of Murine ARDS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.198010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acidosis, Zinc and HMGB1 in Sepsis: A Common Connection Involving Sialoglycan Recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.198010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35-7.45, with values below 7.3 during sepsis being associated with lactic acidosis, low serum zinc, and release of proinflammatory HMGB1 from activated and/or necrotic cells. Using an ex vivo whole blood system to model lactic acidosis, we show that while HMGB1 does not engage leukocyte receptors at physiological pH, lowering pH with lactic acid facilitates binding. At normal pH, micromolar zinc supports plasma sialoglycoprotein binding by HMGB1, which is markedly reduced when pH is adjusted with lactic acid to sepsis levels. Glycan array studies confirmed zinc and pH-dependent HMGB1 binding to sialoglycans typical of plasma glycoproteins. Thus, proinflammatory effects of HMGB1 are suppressed via plasma sialoglycoproteins until drops in pH and zinc release HMGB1 to trigger downstream immune activation.

Significance StatementHMGB1 sequestered by plasma sialoglycoproteins at physiological pH is released when pH and zinc concentrations fall in sepsis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siddiqui, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaramurthy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasmal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandala-Sanchez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.198010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acidosis, Zinc and HMGB1 in Sepsis: A Common Connection Involving Sialoglycan Recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.202929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitive alignment using paralogous sequence variants improves long read mapping and variant calling in segmental duplications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.15.202929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to characterize repetitive regions of the human genome is limited by the read lengths of short-read sequencing technologies. Although long-read sequencing technologies such as Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore can potentially overcome this limitation, long segmental duplications with high sequence identity pose challenges for long-read mapping. We describe a probabilistic method, DuploMap, designed to improve the accuracy of long read mapping in segmental duplications. It analyzes reads mapped to segmental duplications using existing long-read aligners and leverages paralogous sequence variants (PSVs) - sequence differences between paralogous sequences - to distinguish between multiple alignment locations. On simulated datasets, Duplomap increased the percentage of correctly mapped reads with high confidence for multiple long-read aligners including Minimap2 (74.3% to 90.6%) and BLASR (82.9% to 90.7%) while maintaining high precision. Across multiple whole-genome long-read datasets, DuploMap aligned an additional 8-21% of the reads in segmental duplications with high confidence relative to Minimap2. Using Duplomap aligned PacBio CCS reads, an additional 8.9 Mbp of DNA sequence was mappable, variant calling achieved a higher F1-score and 14,713 additional variants supported by linked-read data were identified. Finally, we demonstrate that a significant fraction of PSVs in segmental duplications overlap with variants and adversely impact short-read variant calling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prodanov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.15.202929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitive alignment using paralogous sequence variants improves long read mapping and variant calling in segmental duplications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.207266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Delineation of a molecularly distinct terminally differentiated memory CD8 T cell population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.207266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory CD8 T cells provide durable protection against diverse intracellular pathogens and can be broadly segregated into distinct circulating and tissue-resident populations. Paradigmatic studies have demonstrated circulating memory cells can be further divided into effector memory (TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW) and central memory (TO_SCPLOWCMC_SCPLOW) populations based on discrete functional characteristics. Following resolution of infection, we identified a persisting antigen-specific CD8 T cell population that was simultaneously terminally-fated with potent effector function but maintained memory T cell qualities and conferred robust protection against reinfection. Notably, this terminally-differentiated effector memory CD8 T cell population (terminal-TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW) was conflated within the conventional TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW population, prompting redefinition of the classical characteristics of TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW cells. Murine terminal-TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW were transcriptionally, functionally, and developmentally unique compared to TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW cells. Through mass cytometry and single-cell RNAseq analyses of human peripheral blood from healthy individuals, we also identified an analogous terminal-TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW population of CD8 T cells that was transcriptionally distinct from TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW and TO_SCPLOWCMC_SCPLOW. A key finding of this study was that parsing of terminal-TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW from conventionally defined TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW challenges classical characteristics of TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW biology, including enhanced presence in lymphoid tissues, robust IL-2 production and recall potential, greater than expected homeostatic fitness, refined transcription factor dependencies, and a distinct molecular phenotype. Classification of terminal-TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW and clarification of TO_SCPLOWEMC_SCPLOW biology hold broad implications for understanding the molecular regulation of memory cell states and harnessing immunological memory to improve immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Milner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omilusik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reina-Campos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delpoux, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedrick, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.207266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Delineation of a molecularly distinct terminally differentiated memory CD8 T cell population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.210344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aβ-induced synaptic injury is mediated by presynaptic expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in hippocampal neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.18.210344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The patterns of A{beta}-induced synaptic injury were examined after targeting of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) preferentially to either CA1 or CA3 neurons using Cre-lox technology combined with tetracycline-regulated expression. Both CA1- and CA3-APP-expressing transgenic mouse lines exhibited reduction in long-term potentiation (LTP) only when APP was expressed in neurons presynaptic to the recording site, whereas LTP remained comparable to wild-type mice when APP was expressed in postsynaptic neurons. As quantified by both light and electron microscopy, this orientation-specific impairment in synaptic plasticity was mirrored by synaptic loss in regions receiving axonal inputs from neurons expressing APP. Furthermore, A(plaque deposition also occurred only in the postsynaptic axonal fields of APP-expressing neurons. These deficits were reversed not only with doxycycline to inhibit APP expression but also with {gamma}-secretase and Fyn kinase inhibitors, supporting the interpretation that the observed synaptic injury was mediated by A{beta}. Taken together, these results demonstrate that APP/A{beta}-induced synaptic toxicity is preferentially initiated by signaling of presynaptically expressed APP to the postsynaptic compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vicario-Orri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasuga, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyan, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viana da Silva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushong, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeLoach, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, I.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.18.210344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aβ-induced synaptic injury is mediated by presynaptic expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in hippocampal neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.19.211193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unique contributions of sensory discrimination and gamma synchronization deficits to cognitive, clinical, and psychosocial functional impairments in schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.19.211193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSchizophrenia patients show widespread deficits in neurocognitive, clinical and psychosocial functioning. Mismatch negativity (MMN) and gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) are robust biomarkers for domains of neuropsychiatric disorders that are impaired in schizophrenia patients and are separately associated with cognitive dysfunction, negative symptom severity and psychosocial disability. Although these measures of early auditory information processing are conceptually linked, it is unclear, whether these measures are redundant or account for unique variance in important outcome measures. In this study, we aimed to determine whether MMN and gamma-band ASSR are associated with cognitive, clinical, and functional variables and, if so, whether they account for shared vs. non-shared variance in those important domains.

MethodsMultiple regression analyses with MMN, gamma-band ASSR and clinical measures were performed in large cohorts of schizophrenia outpatients (N=428) and healthy comparison subjects (N=283).

ResultsReduced MMN (d = 0.67), gamma-band ASSR (d = -0.40), and lower cognitive function were confirmed in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy comparison subjects. Regression analyses revealed that both MMN and gamma-band ASSR have significant unique associations with tasks measuring of working memory, and daily functioning in schizophrenia patients.

ConclusionThese findings suggest that MMN and ASSR measures are non-redundant and complementary measures. Studies are needed to clarify the neural substrates of MMN and gamma-band ASSR in order to improve our understanding of pathophysiology of schizophrenia and accelerate their use in the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koshiyama, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyakoshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, Y. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka-Koshiyama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braff, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Light, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.19.211193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unique contributions of sensory discrimination and gamma synchronization deficits to cognitive, clinical, and psychosocial functional impairments in schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.209668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tractography-Pathology Correlations in Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.209668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffusion tractography MRI can infer changes in network connectivity in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but pathological substrates of disconnected tracts have not been well-defined due to a lack of high-resolution imaging with histopathological validation. We developed an ex vivo MRI protocol to analyze tract terminations at 750 m resolution, followed by histopathologic evaluation of white matter pathology, and applied these methods to a 60-year-old man who died 26 days after TBI. Analysis of 74 cerebral hemispheric white matter regions revealed a heterogeneous distribution of tract disruptions. Associated histopathology identified variable white matter injury with patchy deposition of amyloid precursor protein and loss of neurofilament-positive axonal processes, myelin dissolution, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and perivascular hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Multiple linear regression revealed that tract disruption strongly correlated with neurofilament loss. Ex vivo diffusion MRI can detect tract disruptions in the human brain that reflect axonal injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nolan, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacono, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mac Donald, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Kouwe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowitz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perl, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Arrastia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlow, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the TRACK-TBI Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.209668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tractography-Pathology Correlations in Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unique genomic features of crAss-like phages, the dominant component of the human gut virome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CrAssphage is the most abundant virus identified in the human gut virome and the founding member of a large group of bacteriophages that infect bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes and have been discovered by metagenomics of both animal-associated and environmental habitats. By analysis of circular contigs from human gut microbiomes, we identified nearly 600 genomes of crAss-like phages. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes demonstrates the monophyly of crAss-like phages, which can be expected to become a new order of viruses, and of 5 distinct branches, likely, families within that order. Two of these putative families have not been identified previously. The phages in one of these groups have large genomes (145-192 kilobases) and contain an unprecedented high density of self-splicing introns and inteins. Many crAss-like phages encode suppressor tRNAs that enable readthrough of UGA or UAG stop-codons, mostly, in late phage genes, which could represent a distinct anti-defense strategy. Another putative anti-defense mechanism that might target an unknown defense system in Bacteroidetes inhibiting phage DNA replication involves multiple switches of the phage DNA polymerase type between A and B families. Thus, comparative genomic analysis of the expanded assemblage of crAss-like phages reveals several unusual features of genome architecture and expression as well as phage biology that were not apparent from the previous crAssphage analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yutin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmakov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolstoy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antipov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koonin, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.212944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unique genomic features of crAss-like phages, the dominant component of the human gut virome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Transcriptional Switch Governing Fibroblast Plasticity Underlies Reversibility of Chronic Heart Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.21.214874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In diseased organs, stress-activated signaling cascades alter chromatin, triggering broad shifts in transcription and cell state that exacerbate pathology. Fibroblast activation is a common stress response that worsens lung, liver, kidney and heart disease, yet its mechanistic basis remains poorly understood1,2. Pharmacologic inhibition of the BET family of transcriptional coactivators alleviates cardiac dysfunction and associated fibrosis, providing a tool to mechanistically interrogate maladaptive fibroblast states and modulate their plasticity as a potential therapeutic approach3-8. Here, we leverage dynamic single cell transcriptomic and epigenomic interrogation of heart tissue with and without BET inhibition to reveal a reversible transcriptional switch underlying stress-induced fibroblast activation. Transcriptomes of resident cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated robust and rapid toggling between the quiescent fibroblast and activated myofibroblast state in a manner that directly correlated with BET inhibitor exposure and cardiac function. Correlation of single cell chromatin accessibility with cardiac function revealed a novel set of reversibly accessible DNA elements that correlated with disease severity. Among the most dynamic elements was an enhancer regulating the transcription factor MEOX1, which was specifically expressed in activated myofibroblasts, occupied putative regulatory elements of a broad fibrotic gene program, and was required for TGF{beta}-induced myofibroblast activation. CRISPR interference of the most dynamic cis-element within the enhancer, marked by nascent transcription, prevented TGF{beta}-induced activation of Meox1. These findings identify MEOX1 as a central regulator of stress-induced myofibroblast activation associated with cardiac dysfunction. The plasticity and specificity of the BET-dependent regulation of MEOX1 in endogenous tissue fibroblasts provides new trans- and cis- targets for treating fibrotic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alexanian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przytycki, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micheletti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmanabhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travers, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Teran, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranade, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linares-Saldana, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreoletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivey, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinsey, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gifford, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haldar, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.21.214874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Transcriptional Switch Governing Fibroblast Plasticity Underlies Reversibility of Chronic Heart Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.206300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ABCB-mediated auxin transport in outer root tissues regulates lateral root spacing in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.206300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root branching is an important strategy to explore efficiently large volumes of soil. To economize this process, lateral roots (LR) are formed along the growing root at discrete positions that are instructed by oscillating auxin signals derived from the lateral root cap (LRC). This assumes that auxin moves from the LRC across multiple layers to accumulate in the pericycle. Here, we identified, using gene silencing and CRISPR based approaches, a group of five genetically linked, closely related ABCBs that control LR spacing by modulating the amplitude of the auxin oscillation. The transporters localize to the plasma membrane and reveal significant auxin export activity. These ABCBs are mainly expressed in the LRC and epidermis where they contribute to auxin transport towards the root oscillation zone. Our findings highlight the importance of auxin transport in the outer tissues of the root meristem to regulate LR spacing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>CHEN, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterck, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geisler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeckman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanneste, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.206300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ABCB-mediated auxin transport in outer root tissues regulates lateral root spacing in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetric localization of the cell division machinery during Bacillus subtilis sporulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.216184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanistic details of bacterial cell division are poorly understood. The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis can divide via two modes. During vegetative growth, the division septum is formed at the mid cell to produce two equal daughter cells. However, during sporulation, the division septum is formed closer to one pole to yield a smaller forespore and a larger mother cell. We use cryo-electron tomography to visualize the architectural differences in the organization of FtsAZ filaments, the major orchestrators of bacterial cell division during these conditions. We demonstrate that during vegetative growth, FtsAZ filaments are present uniformly around the leading edge of the invaginating septum but during sporulation, they are only present on the mother cell side. Our data show that the sporulation septum is thinner than the vegetative septum during constriction, and that this correlates with half as many FtsZ filaments tracking the division plane during sporulation as compared to vegetative growth. We further find that a sporulation-specific protein, SpoIIE, regulates divisome localization and septal thickness during sporulation. Our data provide first evidence of asymmetric localization of the cell division machinery, and not just septum formation, to produce different cell types with diverse fates in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Garrido, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.216184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetric localization of the cell division machinery during Bacillus subtilis sporulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.216507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards Building a Smart Kidney Atlas: Network-based integration of multimodal transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and imaging data in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.216507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWKidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) is building a spatially-specified human tissue atlas at the single-cell resolution with molecular details of the kidney in health and disease. Here, we describe the construction of an integrated reference tissue map of cells, pathways and genes using unaffected regions of nephrectomy tissues and undiseased human biopsies from 55 subjects. We use single-cell and -nucleus transcriptomics, subsegmental laser microdissection bulk transcriptomics and proteomics, near-single-cell proteomics, 3-D nondestructive and CODEX imaging, and spatial metabolomics data to hierarchically identify genes, pathways and cells. Integrated data from these different technologies coherently describe cell types/subtypes within different nephron segments and interstitium. These spatial profiles identify cell-level functional organization of the kidney tissue as indicative of their physiological functions and map different cell subtypes to genes, proteins, metabolites and pathways. Comparison of transcellular sodium reabsorption along the nephron to levels of mRNAs encoding the different sodium transporter genes indicate that mRNA levels are largely congruent with physiological activity.This reference atlas provides an initial framework for molecular classification of kidney disease when multiple molecular mechanisms underlie convergent clinical phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sealfon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidgel, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderton, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velickovic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamreddy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winfree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarwal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelfarb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laszik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troyanskaya, O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azeloglu, E. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.216507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards Building a Smart Kidney Atlas: Network-based integration of multimodal transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and imaging data in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.212712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking challenging small variants with linked and long reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.212712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) benchmarks have been widely used to help validate clinical sequencing pipelines and develop new variant calling and sequencing methods. Here, we use accurate linked reads and long reads to expand the prior benchmarks in 7 samples to include difficult-to-map regions and segmental duplications that are not readily accessible to short reads. Our new benchmark adds more than 300,000 SNVs, 50,000 indels, and 16 % new exonic variants, many in challenging, clinically relevant genes not previously covered (e.g., PMS2). For HG002, we include 92% of the autosomal GRCh38 assembly, while excluding problematic regions for benchmarking small variants (e.g., copy number variants and reference errors) that should not have been in the previous version, which included 85% of GRCh38. By including difficult-to-map regions, this benchmark identifies eight times more false negatives in a short read variant call set relative to our previous benchmark.We have demonstrated the utility of this benchmark to reliably identify false positives and false negatives across technologies in more challenging regions, which enables continued technology and bioinformatics development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmoud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stankovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacevic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowell, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarate, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narzisi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrska-Bishop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evani, U. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Barrio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiddes, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zook, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genome in a Bottle Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.24.212712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking challenging small variants with linked and long reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synapsin-caveolin-1 mitigates cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.24.220129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AD presents with severe neurodegeneration which leads to cognitive deficits and dementia. Identifying the molecular signals that attenuate neurodegeneration in AD may be exploited as therapeutic targets. This study revealed that transgenic AD mice (PSAPP) exhibit decreased caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a membrane/lipid raft (MLR) scaffolding protein that organizes synaptic signaling components. Subcellularly, Cav-1 and full length (fl)-TrkB were significantly decreased in MLRs. We thus developed an in vivo gene therapy that re-expresses neuronal-targeted Cav-1 using the synapsin promoter (SynCav1). While AD mice showed significant learning and memory deficits at 9 and 11 months, AD mice that received hippocampal SynCav1 (AD-SynCav1) maintained normal learning and memory at 9 and 11 months respectively. Furthermore, AD-SynCav1 mice showed preserved hippocampal MLR-localized fl-TrkB, synaptic ultrastructure, dendritic arborization and axonal myelin content, all of which occurred independent of reducing amyloid deposit and astrogliosis. Thus, SynCav1 demonstrates translational potential to treat AD by delaying neurodegeneration.

SummaryTransgenic PSAPP mice exhibit decreased hippocampal expression of the membrane lipid raft (MLR) scaffolding protein caveolin-1. Synapsin-promoted re-expression of Cav-1 (termed SynCav1) mitigated neuropathology and cognitive deficits. SynCav1 gene therapy has the potential to treat AD and other forms of neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podvin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hook, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleschevnikov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savchenko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhanani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyanohara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleschevnikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trojanowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.24.220129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synapsin-caveolin-1 mitigates cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.218115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel CD206 Targeting Peptide Inhibits Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.218115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activated M2 polarized macrophages are drivers of pulmonary fibrosis in several clinical scenarios such as Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), through the production of inflammatory and fibrosis-inducing cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of targeting the CD206 receptor with a novel fragment of a Host Defense Peptide (HDP), RP-832c to decrease cytokines that cause fibrosis. RP-832c selectively binds to CD206 on M2 polarized bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro, resulting in a time-dependent decrease in CD206 expression, and a transient increase in M1 marker TNF, which resolves over a 24hr period. To elucidate the antifibrotic effect of RP-832c, we used a murine model of bleomycin (BLM) -induced early-stage pulmonary fibrosis. RP-832c significantly reduced bleomycin-induced fibrosis in a dosage dependent manner, as well as decreased CD206, TGF-{beta}1 and -SMA expression in mouse lungs. Interestingly we did not observe any changes in the resident alveolar macrophage marker CD170 expression. Similarly, in an established model of lung fibrosis, RP-832c significantly decreased fibrosis in the lung, as well as significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-10, INF-{gamma}, CXCL1/2, and fibrosis markers TGF-{beta}1 and MMP-13. In comparison with FDA approved drugs, Nintedanib and Pirfenidone, RP-832c exhibited a similar reduction in fibrosis compared to Pirfenidone, and to a greater extent than Nintedanib, with no apparent toxicities observed on body weight or blood chemistry. In summary, RP-832c is a potential agent to mitigate the overactivity of M2 macrophages in pathogenesis several pulmonary fibrotic diseases, including SARS-CoV-2 induced lung fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gheberemedhin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salam, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adu-Addai, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noonan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M. S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>khantwal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huixian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramanyam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaynes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.218115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel CD206 Targeting Peptide Inhibits Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ABCD Stop Signal Data: Response to Bissett et al. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper responds to a recent critique by Bissett and colleagues (Bissett et al., eLife, In Press) of the fMRI Stop task being used in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study(R)). The critique focuses primarily on a design feature of the task that the authors contend lead to a violation of race model assumptions (i.e., that the Go and Stop processes are fully independent) which are relevant to the calculation of the Stop Signal Reaction Time, a measure of the inhibition process. Bissett and colleagues also raise a number of secondary concerns. In this response we note that satisfying race model assumptions is a pernicious challenge for Stop task designs but also that the race model is quite robust against violations of its assumptions. Most importantly, while Bissett et al. raise conceptual concerns with the task we focus here on analyses of both the performance and the neuroimaging data and we conclude that the concerns appear to have minimal impact on the neuroimaging data (the validity of which do not rely on race model assumptions) and have far less of an impact on the performance data than the critique suggests. We note that Bissett et al. did not apply any performance-based exclusions to the data they analyzed, that a number of the trial coding errors that they flagged were already identified and corrected in the ABCD annual data releases, that a number of the secondary concerns reflect sensible design decisions and, indeed, that their own computational modeling of the ABCD Stop task suggests the problems they identify have just a modest impact on the rank ordering of individual differences in subject performance. In this paper, we list some adjustments that have been made to the task and some new flags that are now added to the annual, curated data releases. We stress that the ABCD data are fully available to the scientific community who are empowered to apply whatever inclusion and exclusion criteria they deem appropriate for their analyses and we conclude that the ABCD Stop task yields valuable data that researchers can use to track adolescent neurodevelopment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaarani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juliano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allgaier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz de Leon, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.223057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ABCD Stop Signal Data: Response to Bissett et al.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ABO genetic variation in Neanderthals and Denisovans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Variation at the ABO locus was one of the earliest sources of data in the study of human population identity and history, and to this day remains widely genotyped due to its importance in blood and tissue transfusions. Here, we look at ABO blood type variants in our archaic relatives: Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our goal is to understand the genetic landscape of the ABO gene in archaic humans, and how it relates to modern human ABO variation. We found two derived Neanderthal variants of the O allele in the Siberian Neanderthals (O1 and O2), one of these variants is shared with an European Neanderthal, who is a heterozygote for this O1 variant and a rare cis-AB variant. The Denisovan individual is heterozygous for two ancestral variant of the O1 allele, similar to variants found widely in modern humans. Perhaps more surprisingly, the O2 allele variant found in Siberian Neanderthals can be found at low frequencies in modern Europeans and Southeast Asians, and the O1 allele variant found in Siberian and European Neanderthal is also found at very low frequency in modern East Asians. Our genetic distance analyses suggest both alleles survive in modern humans due to inbreeding with Neanderthals. We find that the sequence backgrounds of the surviving Neanderthal-like O alleles in modern humans retain a higher sequence divergence than other surviving Neanderthal genome fragments, supporting a view of balancing selection operating in the Neanderthal ABO alleles by retaining highly diverse haplotypes compared to portions of the genome evolving neutrally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fox, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huerta-Sanchez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanea, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.223628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ABO genetic variation in Neanderthals and Denisovans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA-binding protein RBM3 negatively regulates innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and lung inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) promote lung inflammation through cytokine production in diseases such as asthma. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators of cellular function, including inflammatory responses, though the role of RBPs in innate lymphoid cells is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that RNA-binding motif 3 (RBM3) is one of the most highly expressed RBPs in Thy1.2+ lung ILCs after fungal allergen challenge and is further induced by epithelial cytokines TSLP and IL-33 in both human and mouse ILCs. Single (rbm3-/-) and double (rbm3-/-rag2-/-) knockout mice exposed via the airway to the asthma-associated fungal allergen Alternaria alternata displayed increases in eosinophilic lung inflammation and ILC activation compared to control mice. In addition to increased Th2 cytokine production, rbm3-/- ILCs produced elevated IL-17A. The negative regulation by RBM3 in ILC responses was direct as purified rbm3-/- ILCs were hyperinflammatory in vitro and in vivo after stimulation with IL-33. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA-sequencing of rbm3-/- lung ILCs showed increased type 2 and 17 cytokines as well as global expression differences in critical cytokines, receptors, transcription factors, and survival transcripts compared with WT ILCs. Intriguingly, these transcript changes did not correlate with the presence of AU-rich elements (AREs), which RBM3 is known to bind. Thus, regulation of ILC responses by RNA-binding proteins offers novel mechanistic insight into lung ILC biology and ILC-driven inflammatory diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doherty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.223958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA-binding protein RBM3 negatively regulates innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and lung inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.224220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into the catalytic properties of the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.224220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rhomboid protease PARL is a critical regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis through its cleavage of substrates such as PINK1, PGAM5, and Smac, which have crucial roles in mitochondrial quality control and apoptosis. To gain insight into the catalytic properties of the PARL protease, we expressed human PARL in yeast and used FRET-based kinetic assays to measure proteolytic activity in vitro. We show PARL activity in detergent is enhanced by cardiolipin. Significantly higher turnover rates are observed for PARL reconstituted in proteoliposomes, with Smac being cleaved most rapidly at a rate of 1 min-1. PGAM5 is cleaved with the highest efficiency compared to PINK1 and Smac. In proteoliposomes, a truncated {beta}-cleavage form of PARL is more active than the full-length enzyme for hydrolysis of PINK1, PGAM5 and Smac. Multiplex substrate profiling reveals a substrate preference for PARL with a bulky side chain Phe in P1, which is distinct from small side chain residues typically found with bacterial rhomboid proteases. This study using recombinant PARL provides fundamental insights into its catalytic activity and substrate preferences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lysyk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brassard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arutyunova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takyi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemberg, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.224220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into the catalytic properties of the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding the Human Brain using Brain Organoids and a Structure-Function Theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.28.225631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A basic neurobiology-clinical trial paradigm motivates our use of constrained mathematical models and analysis of personalized human-derived brain organoids toward predicting clinical outcomes and safely developing new therapeutics. Physical constraints imposed on the brain can guide the analyses an interpretation of experimental data and the construction of mathematical models that attempt to make sense of how the brain works and how cognitive functions emerge. Development of these mathematical models for human-derived brain organoids offer an opportunity for testing new hypotheses about the human brain. When it comes to testing ideas about the brain that require a careful balance between experimental accessibility, manipulation, and complexity, in order to connect neurobiological details with higher level cognitive properties and clinical considerations, we argue that fundamental structure-function constraints applied to models of brain organoids offer a path forward. Moreover, we show these constraints appear in canonical and novel math models of neural activity and learning, and we make the case that constraint-based modeling and use of representations can bridge to machine learning for powerful mutual benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Silva, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.28.225631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding the Human Brain using Brain Organoids and a Structure-Function Theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.227116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plankton food webs of the Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds of Atlantic Bluefin tuna 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.29.227116v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We used linear inverse ecosystem modeling techniques to assimilate data from extensive Lagrangian field experiments into a mass-balance constrained food web for the Gulf of Mexico open-ocean ecosystem. This region is highly oligotrophic, yet Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (ABT) travel long distances from feeding grounds in the North Atlantic to spawn there. Our results show that the food web is dominated by the microbial loop (>80% of net primary productivity is respired by heterotrophic bacteria and protists that feed on them). In contrast, herbivorous food web pathways from phytoplankton to metazoan zooplankton process <4% of net primary production in the mixed layer. Nevertheless, ABT larvae feed preferentially on calanoid copepods and other suspension-feeding zooplankton that in turn derive much of their nutrition from diatoms and mixotrophic flagellates. This allows ABT larvae to maintain a comparatively low trophic level ([~]4.0 for pre-flexion larvae; [~]4.2 for post-flexion larvae) that increases trophic transfer from phytoplankton to larval fish.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laiz-Carrion, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamkin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiroza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shropshire, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.227116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plankton food webs of the Gulf of Mexico spawning grounds of Atlantic Bluefin tuna]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.228981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial attention enhances the spatial selectivity of population codes during the first wave of visual processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.228981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Covert spatial attention has a variety of effects on the responses of individual neurons. However, relatively little is known about the net effect of these changes on sensory population codes, even though perception ultimately depends on population activity. Here, we measured the electroencephalogram (EEG) in human observers (male and female), and isolated stimulus-evoked activity that was phase-locked to the onset of attended and ignored visual stimuli. Using an encoding model, we reconstructed spatially selective population tuning functions from the pattern of stimulus-evoked activity across the scalp. Our EEG-based approach allowed us to measure very early visually evoked responses occurring ~100 ms after stimulus onset. In Experiment 1, we found that covert attention increased the amplitude of spatially tuned population responses at this early stage of sensory processing. In Experiment 2, we parametrically varied stimulus contrast to test how this effect scaled with stimulus contrast. We found that the effect of attention on the amplitude of spatially tuned responses increased with stimulus contrast, and was well-described by an increase in response gain (i.e., a multiplicative scaling of the population response). Together, our results show that attention increases the gain of spatial population codes during the first wave of visual processing.

Significance StatementWe know relatively little about how attention improves population codes, even though perception is thought to critically depend on population activity. In this study, we used an encoding-model approach to test how attention modulates the spatial tuning of stimulus-evoked population responses measured with EEG. We found that attention multiplicatively scales the amplitude of spatially tuned population responses. Furthermore, this effect was present within 100 ms of stimulus onset. Thus, our results show that attention improves spatial population codes by increasing their gain at this early stage of processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foster, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wennberg, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.228981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial attention enhances the spatial selectivity of population codes during the first wave of visual processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF THE ENDOCYTIC PROTEIN EPSIN CONTROLLING ITS LOCALIZATION AND FUNCTION IN CANCER CELL MIGRATION AND INVASION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.30.229195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epsins are endocytic adaptor proteins with signaling and endocytic functions. The three mammalian epsin paralogs are made of an Epsin N-Terminal Homology (ENTH) domain and an unstructured C-terminal region. The highly conserved ENTH domain plays a role in signaling by blocking RhoGAP activity and is required for cell migration in mammalian cells. However, our lab has previously shown that only epsin full length overexpression can enhance cell migration, but the ENTH domain alone cannot. Among the three Epsin paralogs, epsin 3 followed by epsin 2 were able to substantially enhance cell migration. This study is the first one to systematically and comprehensibly address the contribution of different motifs within the epsin C-terminus to enhance protein localization and cell migration. We show that is not the lipid-binding ENTH domain, but the C-terminus of epsin the one playing a major role in epsin association with sites of endocytosis. Further, we dissected the contribution of individual C-terminal endocytic (clathrin-, AP2-, Ubiquitin- and EH domain-binding) motifs for epsin localization. We found that while all motifs show a degree of synergism, the clathrin-binding motifs are the most important for epsin localization. Our study also showed that, these motifs (particularly the clathrin binding site) play an important role in sustaining endocytic site dynamics and cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madhivanan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.30.229195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF THE ENDOCYTIC PROTEIN EPSIN CONTROLLING ITS LOCALIZATION AND FUNCTION IN CANCER CELL MIGRATION AND INVASION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MASSpy: Building, simulating, and visualizing dynamic biological models in Python using mass action kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.230334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mathematical models of metabolic networks utilize simulation to study system-level mechanisms and functions. Various approaches have been used to model the steady state behavior of metabolic networks using genome-scale reconstructions, but formulating dynamic models from such reconstructions continues to be a key challenge. Here, we present the Mass Action Stoichiometric Simulation Python (MASSpy) package, an open-source computational framework for dynamic modeling of metabolism. MASSpy utilizes mass action kinetics and detailed chemical mechanisms to build dynamic models of complex biological processes. MASSpy adds dynamic modeling tools to the COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis Python (COBRApy) package to provide an unified framework for constraint-based and kinetic modeling of metabolic networks. MASSpy supports high-performance dynamic simulation through its implementation of libRoadRunner; the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) simulation engine. Three case studies demonstrate how to use MASSpy: 1) to simulate dynamics of detailed mechanisms of enzyme regulation; 2) to generate an ensemble of kinetic models using Monte Carlo sampling to approximate missing numerical values of parameters and to quantify uncertainty, and 3) to overcome issues that arise when integrating experimental data with the computation of functional states of detailed biological mechanisms. MASSpy represents a powerful tool to address challenge that arise in dynamic modeling of metabolic networks, both at a small and large scale.

Author SummaryGenome-scale reconstructions of metabolism appeared shortly after the first genome sequences became available. Constraint-based models are widely used to compute steady state properties of such reconstructions, but the attainment of dynamic models has remained elusive. We thus developed the MASSpy software package, a framework that enables the construction, simulation, and visualization of dynamic metabolic models. MASSpy is based on the mass action kinetics for each elementary step in an enzymatic reaction mechanism. MASSpy seamlessly unites existing software packages within its framework to provide the user with various modeling tools in one package. MASSpy integrates community standards to facilitate the exchange of models, giving modelers the freedom to use the software for different aspects of their own modeling workflows. Furthermore, MASSpy contains methods for generating and simulating ensembles of models, and for explicitly accounting for biological uncertainty. MASSpy has already demonstrated success in a classroom setting. We anticipate that the suite of modeling tools incorporated into MASSpy will enhance the ability of the modeling community to construct and interrogate complex dynamic models of metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koike, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.230334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MASSpy: Building, simulating, and visualizing dynamic biological models in Python using mass action kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Injectable Myocardial Matrix Hydrogel Mitigates Negative Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Chronic Myocardial Infarction Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A first-in-man clinical study on a myocardial-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel yielded evidence for potential efficacy in ischemic heart failure (HF) patients. However, little is understood about the mechanism of action in chronic myocardial infarction (MI). In this study we investigated efficacy and mechanism by which the myocardial matrix hydrogel can mitigate negative left ventricular (LV) remodeling in a chronic model of MI. Assessment of cardiac function via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated preservation of LV volumes and apical wall thickening. Differential gene expression analyses showed the matrix is able to prevent worsening HF in a small animal chronic MI model through modulation of the immune response, downregulation of pathways involved in HF progression and fibrosis, and upregulation of genes important for cardiac muscle contraction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wassenaar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaetani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMaria, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.231449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Injectable Myocardial Matrix Hydrogel Mitigates Negative Left Ventricular Remodeling in a Chronic Myocardial Infarction Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myocardial matrix material supports a proliferative microenvironment for cardiomyocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Novel therapeutics have sought to stimulate the endogenous repair mechanisms in the mammalian myocardium as the native regenerative potential of the adult cardiac tissue is limited. In particular, a myocardial matrix derived injectable hydrogel has shown efficacy and safety in various animal myocardial infarction (MI) including evidence of increased myocardium. In this study, investigation on the properties of this myocardial matrix material demonstrated its native capability as an effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger that can protect against oxidative stress and maintain cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. In vivo assessment of of myocardial matrix hydrogel treatment post-MI demonstrated increased thymidine analog uptake in cardiomyocytes compared to saline controls along with co-staining with cell cycle progression marker, phospho-histone H3. Overall, this study provides further evidence that properties of the myocardial matrix hydrogel promote an environment supportive of cardiomyocytes undergoing cell cycle progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camboa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.231845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myocardial matrix material supports a proliferative microenvironment for cardiomyocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mast Cells Contribute to the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Biomaterial Microenvironment in a Gender Specific Manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.31.231852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioactive immunomodulatory biomaterials have shown promise for influencing the immune response to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Macrophages and T cells have been associated with this response; however, other immune cell types have been traditionally overlooked. In this study, we investigated the role of mast cells in the regulation of the immune response to decellularized biomaterial scaffolds using a subcutaneous implant model. In mast cell-deficient mice, there was dysregulation of the expected M1 to M2 macrophage transition typically induced by the biomaterial scaffold. Polarization progression deviated in a sex specific manner with an early transition to an M2 profile in female mice, while the male response was unable to properly transition past a pro-inflammatory M1 state. Both were reversed with adoptive mast cell transfer. Further investigation of the later stage immune response in male mice determined a greater sustained pro-inflammatory gene expression profile including the IL-1 cytokine family, IL-6, alarmins, and chemokines. These results highlight mast cells as another important cell type that influences the immune response to pro-regenerative biomaterials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ungerleider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakami, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakami, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakami, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.231852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mast Cells Contribute to the Immunomodulatory Effect of the Biomaterial Microenvironment in a Gender Specific Manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NPC1-mTORC1 signaling Couples Cholesterol Sensing to Organelle Homeostasis and is a Targetable Pathway in Niemann-Pick type C 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.02.233254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysosomes promote cellular homeostasis through macromolecular hydrolysis within their lumen and metabolic signaling by the mTORC1 kinase on their limiting membranes. Both hydrolytic and signaling functions require precise regulation of lysosomal cholesterol content. In Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), loss of the cholesterol exporter, NPC1, causes cholesterol accumulation within lysosomes, leading to mTORC1 hyperactivation, disrupted mitochondrial function and neurodegeneration. The compositional and functional alterations in NPC lysosomes, and how aberrant cholesterol-mTORC1 signaling contributes to organelle pathogenesis are not understood. Through proteomic profiling of NPC lysosomes, we find pronounced proteolytic impairment compounded with hydrolase depletion and enhanced membrane damage. Genetic and pharmacologic mTORC1 inhibition restores lysosomal proteolysis without correcting cholesterol storage, implicating aberrant mTORC1 as a pathogenic driver downstream of cholesterol accumulation. Consistently, mTORC1 inhibition ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in a neuronal model of NPC. Thus, cholesterol-mTORC1 signaling controls organelle homeostasis and is a targetable pathway in NPC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukurugya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoncu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.02.233254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NPC1-mTORC1 signaling Couples Cholesterol Sensing to Organelle Homeostasis and is a Targetable Pathway in Niemann-Pick type C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.236612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific OCRL1 patient mutations differentially impact Lowe Syndrome cellular phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.236612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lowe Syndrome (LS) is a lethal genetic disorder caused by mutations in the OCRL1 gene which encodes the lipid 5 phosphatase Ocrl1. Patients exhibit a characteristic triad of symptoms including eyes, brain and kidneys abnormalities with renal failure as the most common cause of premature death. Over 200 OCRL1 mutations have been identified in LS, but their specific impact on cellular processes is unknown. Despite observations of heterogeneity in patient symptom severity, there is little understanding of the correlation between genotype and its impact on phenotype.

Here, we show that different mutations had diverse effects on protein localization and on triggering LS cellular phenotypes. In addition, some mutations affecting specific domains imparted unique characteristics to the resulting mutated protein. We also propose that certain mutations conformationally affect the 5-phosphatase domain of the protein, resulting in loss of enzymatic activity and causing common and specific phenotypes.

This study is the first to show the differential effect of patient 5-phosphatase mutations on cellular phenotypes and introduces a conformational disease component in LS. This work provides a framework that can help stratify patients as well as to produce a more accurate prognosis depending on the nature and location of the mutation within the OCRL1 gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramadesikan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skiba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhivanan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Fuente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazbun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kihara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.04.236612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific OCRL1 patient mutations differentially impact Lowe Syndrome cellular phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.234906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paranode stability requires UNC5B expression by oligodendrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.234906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the mature CNS, netrin-1 is expressed by neurons and oligodendrocytes and implicated in the stability of axo-oligodendroglial paranodal junctions. Here we report that the netrin receptor UNC5B is highly expressed by mature oligodendrocytes and enriched at paranodes. We demonstrate that paranodes become disorganized following conditional deletion of UNC5B in oligodendrocytes, with disruption of the interface between glial loops and detachment of loops from the axon. As a result, Caspr1 and Kv1.1 disperse along the axon, internodes fail to lengthen and compact myelin periodicity is reduced. Paranodal and axoglial domain disorganization progressively worsens and a delay in motor learning develops in aged mice lacking oligodendroglial UNC5B. Altered glial loop ultrastructure and reduced levels of claudin-11 and JAM-C tight junction proteins support the conclusion that disruption of autotypic junctions between paranodal loops underlies paranode disorganization. Our findings reveal an essential contribution of oligodendroglial UNC5B at paranodes that is required for the stability of mature myelin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Faria, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mocanu, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilgram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmuel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadikot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.234906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paranode stability requires UNC5B expression by oligodendrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.240655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the keystone species in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by causal inference and dynamic intervention modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.06.240655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveKeystone species are required for the integrity and stability of an ecological community, and therefore, are potential intervention targets for microbiome related diseases.

DesignHere we describe an algorithm for the identification of keystone species from cross-sectional microbiome data of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on causal inference theories and dynamic intervention modeling (DIM).

ResultsEight keystone species in the gut of NAFLD, represented by P. loveana, A. indistinctus and D. pneumosintes, were identified by our algorithm, which could efficiently restore the microbial composition of the NAFLD toward a normal gut microbiome with 92.3% recovery. These keystone species regulate intestinal amino acids metabolism and acid-base environment to promote the growth of the butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae species.

ConclusionOur method may benefit microbiome studies in the broad fields of medicine, environmental science and microbiology.

SUMMARYWhat is already known about this subject? O_LINon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis remains unclear.
C_LIO_LIDysbiosis in the gut microbiota affects the initiation and development of NAFLD, but the mechanisms is yet to be established.
C_LIO_LIKeystone species represent excellent candidate targets for gut microbiome-based interventions, as they are defined as the species required for the integrity and stability of the ecological system.
C_LI

What are the new findings? O_LINAFLD showed significant dysbiosis in butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae species.
C_LIO_LIMicrobial interaction networks were constructed by the novel algorithm with causal inference.
C_LIO_LIKeystone species were identified form microbial interaction networks through dynamic intervention modeling based on generalized Lotka-Volterra model.
C_LIO_LIEight keystone species of NAFLD with the highest potential for restoring the microbial composition were identified.
C_LI

How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future? O_LIAn algorithm for the identification of keystone species from cross-sectional microbiome data based on causal inference theories and dynamic intervention modeling.
C_LIO_LIEight keystone species in the gut of NAFLD, represented by P. loveana, A. indistinctus and D. pneumosintes, which could efficiently restore the microbial composition of the NAFLD toward a normal gut microbiome.
C_LIO_LIOur method may benefit microbiome studies in the broad fields of medicine, environmental science and microbiology.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loomba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.240655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the keystone species in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by causal inference and dynamic intervention modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245225v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influenza A virus NS1 protein binds as a dimer to the RNA-free PABP1 but not to the PABP1-Poly(A) RNA Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.245225v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious human pathogen responsible for nearly half a million deaths each year. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a crucial protein expressed by IAV to evade the host immune system. Additionally, NS1 has been proposed to stimulate translation because of its ability to bind poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABP1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G). We analyzed the interaction of NS1 with PABP1 using quantitative techniques. Our studies show that NS1 binds as a homodimer to PABP1, and this interaction is conserved across different IAV strains. Unexpectedly, NS1 does not bind to PABP1 that is bound to poly(A) RNA. Instead, NS1 only binds to PABP1 free of RNA, suggesting that translation stimulation does not occur by NS1 interacting with the PABP1 molecule attached to the mRNA 3-poly(A) tail. We propose that NS1 binds to the eIF4G complex at the 5-end of the mRNA and recruits the RNA-free PABP1, which may stimulate translation initiation by promoting the association of the ribosomal subunits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Rozieres, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.245225</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influenza A virus NS1 protein binds as a dimer to the RNA-free PABP1 but not to the PABP1-Poly(A) RNA Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.12.248690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale simulations examining glycan shield effects on drug binding to influenza neuraminidase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.12.248690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza neuraminidase is an important drug target. Glycans are present on neuraminidase, and are generally considered to inhibit antibody binding via their glycan shield. In this work we studied the effect of glycans on the binding kinetics of antiviral drugs to the influenza neuraminidase. We created all-atom in silico systems of influenza neuraminidase with experimentally-derived glycoprofiles consisting of four systems with different glycan conformations and one system without glycans. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we observe a two- to eight-fold decrease in the rate of ligand binding to the primary binding site of neuraminidase due to the presence of glycans. These glycans are capable of covering much of the surface area of neuraminidase, and the ligand binding inhibition is derived from glycans sterically occluding the primary binding site on a neighboring monomer. Our work also indicates that drugs preferentially bind to the primary binding site (i.e. the active site) over the secondary binding site, and we propose a binding mechanism illustrating this. These results help illuminate the complex interplay between glycans and ligand binding on the influenza membrane protein neuraminidase.

Statement of SignificanceThe influenza glycoprotein neuraminidase is the target for three FDA-approved influenza drugs in the US. However, drug resistance and low drug effectiveness merits further drug development towards neuraminidase, which is hindered by our limited understanding of glycan effects on ligand binding. Generally, drug developers do not include glycans in their development pipelines. Here, we show that even though glycans can reduce drug binding towards neuraminidase, we recommend future drug development work to focus on strong binders with a long lifetime. Furthermore, we examine the binding competition between the primary and secondary binding sites on neuraminidase, leading us to propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, multivalent binding mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konecny, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.12.248690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale simulations examining glycan shield effects on drug binding to influenza neuraminidase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-Dependent Shared and Non-Shared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDSex differences in incidence and/or presentation of schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP) are pervasive. Previous evidence for shared genetic risk and sex differences in brain abnormalities across disorders suggest possible shared sex-dependent genetic risk.

METHODSWe conducted the largest to date genome-wide genotype-by-sex (GxS) interaction of risk for these disorders, using 85,735 cases (33,403 SCZ, 19,924 BIP, 32,408 MDD) and 109,946 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and iPSYCH.

RESULTSAcross disorders, genome-wide significant SNP-by-sex interaction was detected for a locus encompassing NKAIN2 (rs117780815; p=3.2x10-8), that interacts with sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase enzymes implicating neuronal excitability. Three additional loci showed evidence (p<1x10-6) for cross-disorder GxS interaction (rs7302529, p=1.6x10-7; rs73033497, p=8.8x10-7; rs7914279, p=6.4x10-7) implicating various functions. Gene-based analyses identified GxS interaction across disorders (p=8.97x10-7) with transcriptional inhibitor SLTM. Most significant in SCZ was a MOCOS gene locus (rs11665282; p=1.5x10-7), implicating vascular endothelial cells. Secondary analysis of the PGC-SCZ dataset detected an interaction (rs13265509; p=1.1x10-7) in a locus containing IDO2, a kynurenine pathway enzyme with immunoregulatory functions implicated in SCZ, BIP, and MDD. Pathway enrichment analysis detected significant GxS of genes regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling in MDD (pFDR<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIn the largest genome-wide GxS analysis of mood and psychotic disorders to date, there was substantial genetic overlap between the sexes. However, significant sex-dependent effects were enriched for genes related to neuronal development, immune and vascular functions across and within SCZ, BIP, and MDD at the variant, gene, and pathway enrichment levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blokland, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotsapas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Clair, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lencz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowry, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Periyasamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cairns, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tooney, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirov, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jönsson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palotie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenreich, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steixner-Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sham, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwata, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberger, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gejman, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxbaum, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rujescu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giegling, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konte, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pato, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.249813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-Dependent Shared and Non-Shared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learned adaptive multiphoton illumination microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful technique for deep in vivo imaging in scattering samples. However, it requires precise, sample-dependent increases in excitation power with depth in order to maintain signal while minimizing photodamage. We show that cells with identical fluorescent labels imaged in situ can be used to train a physics-based machine learning model that solves this problem. After this training has been performed, the correct illumination power can be predicted and adaptively adjusted at each point in a 3D volume on subsequent samples as a function of the samples shape, without the need for specialized fluorescent labelling. We use this technique for in vivo imaging of immune responses in mouse lymph nodes following vaccination, with imaging volumes 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than previously reported. We achieve visualization of physiologically realistic numbers of antigen-specific T cells for the first time, and demonstrate changes in the global organization and motility of dendritic cell networks during the early stages of the immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pinkard, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mujal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malenica, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shagam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fries, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krummel, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.251314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learned adaptive multiphoton illumination microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Abortive Intussusceptive Angiogenesis Causes Multi-Cavernous Vascular Malformations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosaic inactivation of CCM2 in humans causes cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) containing adjacent dilated blood-filled multi-cavernous lesions. We used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to induce mosaic inactivation of zebrafish ccm2 resulting in a novel lethal multi-cavernous lesion in the embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) caused by obstruction of blood flow by intraluminal pillars. These pillars mimic those that mediate intussusceptive angiogenesis; however, in contrast to the normal process, the pillars failed to fuse to split the pre-existing vessel in two. Abortive intussusceptive angiogenesis stemmed from mosaic inactivation of ccm2 leading to patchy klf2a over-expression and resultant aberrant flow signaling. Surviving adult fish manifested histologically-typical hemorrhagic CCM. Formation of mammalian CCM requires the flow-regulated transcription factor KLF2; fish CCM and the embryonic CVP lesion failed to form in klf2a null fish indicating a common pathogenesis with the mammalian lesion. These studies describe a zebrafish CCM model and establish a mechanism that can explain the formation of characteristic multi-cavernous lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaked, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lightle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awad, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.251744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Abortive Intussusceptive Angiogenesis Causes Multi-Cavernous Vascular Malformations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alterations in bile acid metabolizing gut microbiota and specific bile acid genes as a precision medicine to subclassify NAFLD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.251876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsMultiple mechanisms for the gut microbiome contributing to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been implicated. Here, we aim to investigate the contribution and potential application for altered bile acid (BA) metabolizing microbe in NAFLD using whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) data.

Methods86 well-characterized biopsy-proven NAFLD patients and 38 healthy controls were included in the discovery cohort. Assembly-based analysis was performed to identify BA-metabolizing microbes. Statistical tests, feature selection and microbial interaction analysis were integrated to identify microbial alterations and markers in NAFLD. An independent validation cohort was subjected to similar analyses.

ResultsNAFLD microbiota exhibited decreased diversity and microbial interactions. We established a classifier model with 53 differential species exhibiting a robust diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.97) for dectecting NAFLD. Next, 8 important differential pathway markers including secondary BA biosynthesis were identified. Specifically, increased abundance of 7-HSDH, baiA and baiB were detected in NAFLD. Further, 10 of 50 BA-metabolizing metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG)s, from Bacteroides ovatus and Eubacterium biforme, were dominant in NAFLD and interplayed as a synergetic ecological guild. Importantly, two subtypes of NAFLD patients were observed according to secondary BA metabolism potentials. Elevated capability for secondary BA biosynthesis was also observed in the validation cohort.

ConclusionsWe identified novel bacterial BA-metabolizing genes and microbes that may contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and serve as disease markers. Microbial differences in BA-metabolism and strain-specific differences among patients highlight the potential for precision medicine in NAFLD treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loomba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettencourt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.251876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alterations in bile acid metabolizing gut microbiota and specific bile acid genes as a precision medicine to subclassify NAFLD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIE-1 promotes SUMOylation and activation of HDAC1 during the C. elegans oogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germlines shape and balance heredity, integrating and regulating information from both parental and foreign sources. Insights into how the germline handles information have come from the identification of factors that specify or maintain the germline fate. In early C. elegans embryos, the CCCH zinc-finger protein PIE-1 localizes to the germline where it prevents somatic differentiation programs. Here we show that PIE-1 also functions in the meiotic ovary where it becomes SUMOylated and engages the SUMO-conjugating machinery. Using whole-proteome mass spectrometry to detect SUMO-conjugated proteins, we identify HDAC SUMOylation as a target of PIE-1. Our findings suggest that SUMOylation activates HDAC, lowering histone acetylation and enhancing Argonaute-mediated surveillance in the germline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.253955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIE-1 promotes SUMOylation and activation of HDAC1 during the C. elegans oogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.254334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix and cyclic stretch alter fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation in a rodent model of heart hypoplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.254334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Birth defects, particularly those that affect development of the heart, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Babies born with heart hypoplasia (HH) disorders often have a poor prognosis. It remains unclear whether cardiomyocytes from hypoplastic hearts retain the potential to recover growth, although this knowledge would be beneficial for developing therapies for HH disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the proliferation and maturation potential of cardiomyocytes from hypoplastic hearts and whether these behaviors are influenced by biophysical signaling from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cyclic mechanical stretch. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-associated HH was induced in rat fetuses by maternal exposure to nitrofen. Hearts were isolated from embryonic day 21 nitrofen-treated fetuses positive for CDH (CDH+) and from fetuses without nitrofen administration during gestation. CDH+ hearts were smaller and had decreased myocardial proliferation, along with evidence of decreased maturity compared to healthy hearts. In culture, CDH+ cardiomyocytes remained immature and demonstrated increased proliferative capacity compared to their healthy counterparts. Culture on ECM derived from CDH+ hearts led to a significant reduction in proliferation for both CDH+ and healthy cardiomyocytes. Healthy cardiomyocytes were dosed with exogenous nitrofen to examine whether nitrofen may have an abhorrent effect on the proliferative ability of cardiomyocyte, yet no significant change in proliferation was observed. When subjected to stretch, CDH+ cardiomyocytes underwent lengthening of sarcomeres while healthy cardiomyocyte sarcomeres were unaffected. Taken together, our results suggest that alterations to environmental cues such as ECM and stretch may be important factors in the pathological progression of HH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Watson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perreault, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoppel, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.254334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular matrix and cyclic stretch alter fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation in a rodent model of heart hypoplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.19.257352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modular HUWE1 architecture serves as hub for degradation of cell-fate decision factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.19.257352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HECT ubiquitin ligases play essential roles in metazoan development and physiology. The HECT ligase HUWE1 is central to the cellular stress response by mediating degradation of key death or survival factors including Mcl1, p53, DDIT4, and Myc. As a step toward understanding regulation of HUWE1 engagement with its diverse substrates, we present here the cryo-EM structure of HUWE1, offering a first complete molecular picture of a HECT ubiquitin ligase. The ~4400 amino acid residue polypeptide forms an alpha solenoid-shaped assembly with a central pore decorated with protein interaction modules. This modularity enables HUWE1 to target a wide range of substrates for destruction. The locations of human mutations associated with severe neurodevelopmental disorders link functions of this essential enzyme with its three-dimensional organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hunkeler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overwijn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monda, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.19.257352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modular HUWE1 architecture serves as hub for degradation of cell-fate decision factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.260133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An autonomous, but INSIG-modulated, role for the Sterol Sensing Domain in mallostery-regulated ERAD of yeast HMG-CoA reductase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.20.260133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) undergoes feedback regulated degradation as part of sterol pathway control. Degradation of the yeast HMGR isozyme Hmg2 is controlled by the sterol pathway intermediate GGPP, which causes misfolding of Hmg2 to enhance its ERAD by the HRD pathway. GGPP-dependent reversible misfolding of Hmg2 is remarkably similar to classic allosteric control; we recently labeled this process mallostery to fuse the ideas of misfolding and allostery. We have evaluated the role of the Hmg2 sterol sensing domain (SSD) in mallostery, and the involvement of highly conserved INSIG proteins in SSD function. The SSD is a membrane-embedded motif found in many sterol-related proteins. The Hmg2 SSD was critical for in vivo regulated degradation of Hmg2, and required for mallosteric misfolding of GGPP as studied by in vitro limited proteolysis. The Hmg2 SSD functions in mallostery independently of conserved yeast INSIG proteins. However, this autonomous action of the SSD was modulated by INSIG, thus imposing a second layer of control on Hmg2 regulation. SSD-mediated mallostery occurs prior to HRD dependent ubiquitination, defining a pathway regulation involving SSD-mediated misfolding followed by HRD dependent ubiquitination. GGPP dependent misfolding occurred at a much slower rate in the absence of a functional SSD, indicating that the SSD functions to allow physiologically useful rate of GGPP response, and implying that the SSD is not a binding site for GGPP. We used unresponsive Hmg2 SSD mutants to test the importance of quaternary structure in mallosteric regulation: the presence of a non-responsive Hmg2 mutant strongly suppressed regulation of a co-expressed, normal Hmg2. Finally, we have found that GGPP regulated misfolding occurred in detergent solubilized Hmg2, indicating that the mallosteric response is an intrinsic feature of the Hmg2 multimer. The preserved response of Hmg2 when in micellar solution will allow next-level studies on the structural and biophysical features of this novel fusion of regulation and protein quality control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wangeline, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.20.260133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An autonomous, but INSIG-modulated, role for the Sterol Sensing Domain in mallostery-regulated ERAD of yeast HMG-CoA reductase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.261610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A home and rescue gene drive forces its inheritance stably persisting in populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.261610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Homing based gene drives, engineered using CRISPR/Cas9, have been proposed to spread desirable genes into target populations. However, spread of such drives can be hindered by the accumulation of resistance alleles. To overcome this significant obstacle, we engineer an inherently confinable population modification Home-and-Rescue (HomeR) drive in Drosophila melanogaster that, by creative design, limits the accumulation of such alleles. We demonstrate that HomeR can achieve nearly [~]100% transmission enabling it to spread and persist at genotypic fixation in several multi-generational population cage experiments, underscoring its long term stability and drive potential. Finally, we conduct mathematical modeling determining HomeR can outperform contemporary gene drive architectures for population modification over wide ranges of fitness and transmission rates. Given its straightforward design, HomeR could be universally adapted to a wide range of species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.21.261610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A home and rescue gene drive forces its inheritance stably persisting in populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.22.262709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional validation of a finding from a mouse genome-wide association study demonstrates that a mutant allele of Azi2 alters sensitivity to methamphetamine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.22.262709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methamphetamine is a widely abused psychostimulant. In a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified a locus that influenced the stimulant response to methamphetamine. That locus was also an eQTL for the gene Azi2. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that heritable differences in the expression of Azi2 were causally related to the differential response to methamphetamine. In this study, we created a mutant Azi2 allele that caused lower Azi2 expression and enhanced the locomotor response to methamphetamine; however, based on the GWAS findings, we had expected lower Azi2 to decrease rather than increase the stimulant response to methamphetamine. We then sought to explore the mechanism by which Azi2 influenced methamphetamine sensitivity. A recent publication had reported that the 3UTR of Azi2 mRNA downregulates the expression of Slc6a3, which encodes the dopamine transporter (DAT), which is a key target of methamphetamine. We evaluated the relationship between Azi2/Azi2 3UTR and Slc6a3 expression in the VTA in the mutant Azi2 mice and in a new cohort of CFW mice. We did not observe any correlation between Azi2 and Slc6a3 in the VTA in either cohort. However, RNA sequencing confirmed that the Azi2 mutation altered Azi2 expression and also revealed a number of potentially important genes and pathways that were regulated by Azi2, including the metabotropic glutamate receptor group III pathway and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway. Our results support a role for Azi2 in methamphetamine sensitivity; however, the exact mechanism does not appear to involve regulation of Slc6a3 and thus remains unknown.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.22.262709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional validation of a finding from a mouse genome-wide association study demonstrates that a mutant allele of Azi2 alters sensitivity to methamphetamine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.22.262816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental stage-specific changes in protein synthesis differentially sensitize hematopoietic stem cells and erythroid progenitors to impaired ribosome biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.22.262816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomopathies encompass a collection of human genetic disorders that often arise from mutations in ribosomal proteins or ribosome biogenesis factors. Despite ubiquitous requirement of ribosomes for protein synthesis, ribosomopathies present with tissue- and cell-type-specific disorders, and blood is particularly affected. Several ribosomopathies present with congenital anemias and bone marrow failure, and accordingly, erythroid lineage cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are preferentially impaired by ribosomal dysfunction. However, the factors that influence this cell-type-specific sensitivity are incompletely understood. Here, we show that protein synthesis rates change during HSC and erythroid progenitor ontogeny. Fetal HSCs exhibit significantly higher protein synthesis than adult HSCs. Despite protein synthesis differences, reconstituting activity of both fetal and adult HSCs is severely disrupted by a ribosomal mutation (Rpl24Bst/+). In contrast, fetal erythroid lineage progenitors exhibit significantly lower protein synthesis than their adult counterparts. Protein synthesis declines during erythroid differentiation, but the decline starts earlier in fetal differentiation than in adults. Strikingly, the Rpl24Bst/+ mutation impairs fetal, but not adult erythropoiesis, by impairing proliferation at fetal erythroid progenitor stages with the lowest protein synthesis relative to their adult counterparts. Thus, developmental and cell-type-specific changes in protein synthesis can sensitize hematopoietic cells to impaired ribosome biogenesis.

Key PointsO_LIFetal HSCs synthesize much more protein per hour than young adult HSCs in vivo
C_LIO_LIFetal erythroid progenitors synthesize much less protein per hour than young adult erythroid progenitors in vivo
C_LIO_LIDifferences in protein synthesis dynamics distinguish fetal and adult erythroid differentiation
C_LIO_LIA ribosomal mutation that reduces protein synthesis impairs fetal and adult HSCs
C_LIO_LIReduced protein synthesis impairs fetal but not adult erythroid progenitors
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.22.262816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental stage-specific changes in protein synthesis differentially sensitize hematopoietic stem cells and erythroid progenitors to impaired ribosome biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of research ethics education offerings of pharmacy master programs: a qualitative content analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.266023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The importance of research ethics (RE) training has led academic and funding institutions to require that students, trainees, and faculty obtain such training at various stages of their careers. Despite the increasing awareness of the value RE education offers, this training requirement is absent in Jordan. We aimed to assess RE education offerings of pharmacy master programs in Jordan and compare with the top-ranked pharmacy graduate programs globally. Therefore, a list of universities that offer research-based pharmacy master programs was created. Each program was evaluated for the inclusion of RE education. A qualitative content analysis approach based on inductive reasoning and latent analysis was followed to analyze the data. Results of the study showed a lack of appropriate RE education for graduate-level pharmacy programs in Jordan with only 40% of the programs partially discuss selected topics related to RE. Regarding pharmacy graduate programs globally, 10% offer a standalone RE course, 40% offer some discussions related to RE, another 10% do not offer RE education in any form, and the remaining 40% of the programs were difficult to assess due to lack of sufficient information available online. Based on the findings of this study, training in RE is tends to be lacking in pharmacy graduate programs in Jordan and globally, with a greater lack in Jordan than globally. There is a need to incorporate formal RE education into programs that do not offer this type of instruction. Programs that formally touch on some aspects of RE need to expand the scope of topics to include more RE-related themes. Integrating a standalone RE course into pharmacy graduate programs is highly encouraged.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebeker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.266023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of research ethics education offerings of pharmacy master programs: a qualitative content analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.267484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The population genetics of pleiotropy, and the evolution of collateral resistance and sensitivity in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.25.267484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance mutations against one drug can elicit collateral sensitivity against other drugs. Multi-drug treatments exploiting such trade-offs can help slow down the evolution of resistance. However, if mutations with diverse collateral effects are available, a treated population may evolve either collateral sensitivity or collateral resistance. How to design treatments robust to such uncertainty is unclear. We show that many resistance mutations in Escherichia coli against various antibiotics indeed have diverse collateral effects. We propose to characterize such diversity with a joint distribution of fitness effects (JDFE) and develop a theory for describing and predicting collateral evolution based on simple statistics of the JDFE. We show how to robustly rank drug pairs to minimize the risk of collateral resistance and how to estimate JDFEs. In addition to practical applications, these results have implications for our understanding of evolution in variable environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ardell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.25.267484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The population genetics of pleiotropy, and the evolution of collateral resistance and sensitivity in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.269159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis of Lipid Prodrugs that Substantially Enhance Anti-Coronavirus Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.26.269159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734) is currently the only FDA-approved antiviral drug for the treatment of SARS CoV-2 infection. The drug is approved for use in adults or children 12-years or older who are hospitalized for the treatment of COVID-19 on the basis of an acceleration of clinical recovery for inpatients with this disease. Unfortunately, the drug must be administered intravenously, restricting its use to those requiring hospitalization for relatively advanced disease. RDV is also unstable in plasma and has a complex activation pathway which may contribute to its highly variable antiviral efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Potent orally bioavailable antiviral drugs for early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed and several including molnupiravir and PF-07321332 are currently in clinical development. We focused on making simple, orally bioavailable lipid analogs of Remdesivir nucleoside (RVn, GS-441524) that are processed to RVn-monophosphate, the precursor of the active RVn-triphosphate, by a single-step intracellular cleavage. In addition to high oral bioavailability, stability in plasma and simpler metabolic activation, new oral lipid prodrugs of RVn had submicromolar anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in a variety of cell types including Vero E6, Calu-3, Caco-2, human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived lung cells and Huh7.5 cells. In Syrian hamsters oral treatment with ODBG-P-RVn was well tolerated and achieved therapeutic levels in plasma above the EC90 for SARS-CoV-2. The results suggest further evaluation as an early oral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection to minimize severe disease and reduce hospitalizations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beadle, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valiaeva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garretson, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostetler, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.26.269159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis of Lipid Prodrugs that Substantially Enhance Anti-Coronavirus Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.270355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIEZO ion channel is required for root mechanotransduction in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.270355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant roots adapt to the mechanical constraints of the soil to grow and absorb water and nutrients. As in animal species, mechanosensitive ion channels in plants are proposed to transduce external mechanical forces into biological signals. However, the identity of these plant root ion channels remains unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana PIEZO (AtPIEZO) has preserved the function of its animal relatives and acts as an ion channel. We present evidence that plant PIEZO is highly expressed in the columella and lateral root cap cells of the root tip which experience robust mechanical strain during root growth. Deleting PIEZO from the whole plant significantly reduced the ability of its roots to penetrate denser barriers compared to wild type plants. piezo mutant root tips exhibited diminished calcium transients in response to mechanical stimulation, supporting a role of AtPIEZO in root mechanotransduction. Finally, a chimeric PIEZO channel that includes the C-terminal half of AtPIEZO containing the putative pore region was functional and mechanosensitive when expressed in naive mammalian cells. Collectively, our data suggest that Arabidopsis PIEZO plays an important role in root mechanotransduction and establishes PIEZOs as physiologically relevant mechanosensitive ion channels across animal and plant kingdoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patapoutian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, S. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubin, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombs, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghadiri, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.270355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIEZO ion channel is required for root mechanotransduction in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.271056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media predict posttraumatic stress in youth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.271056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As natural disasters increase in frequency and severity1, 2, mounting evidence reveals that their human toll extends beyond death, injury, and loss. Posttraumatic stress (PTS) can be common among directly exposed individuals, and children are particularly vulnerable3, 4. Curiously, PTS can even be found among youth far removed from harms way, and media-based exposure may partially account for this phenomenon5-8. Unfortunately, susceptibility to media effects has been difficult to characterize because most research is initiated post-event, precluding examination of pre-disaster factors. In this study, we mitigate this issue with data from nearly 400 9-to 11-year-old children collected prior to and after Hurricane Irma. We evaluate whether preexisting neural patterns moderate associations between hurricane experiences and later Irma-related PTS. We show that "dose" of both objective exposure and Irma-related media exposure predicted Irma-related PTS, the latter even among children dwelling thousands of kilometers away from the hurricane. Furthermore, we show, using pre-hurricane functional magnetic resonance imaging data, that neural responses in brain regions associated with anxiety and stress confer particular vulnerability to the psychological effects of hurricane exposure among certain children. Surprisingly, this was even the case for media exposure- we found that that right amygdala reactivity to fearful stimuli moderated the association between Irma-related media exposure and PTS symptoms, with the media-PTS association strongest for children showing pre-hurricane heightened amygdala reactivity to Fear vs Neutral Faces. In contrast, in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and left parahippocampal gyrus, children showing a weak response to the Fear condition relative to the Neutral condition were especially susceptible to PTS as a result of Irma-related media exposure. Collectively, these findings run counter to outdated "bullseye" models of disaster exposure that assume negative effects are narrowly circumscribed around a disasters geographic epicenter9. In contrast, for some youth with measurable preexisting vulnerability, consumption of extensive disaster-related media appears to offer an alternative pathway to disaster exposure that transcends geography and objective risk. This preventable exposure should be considered in disaster-related mental health efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapert, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Squeglia, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottler, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Greca, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurwitch, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comer, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.271056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media predict posttraumatic stress in youth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.270454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A giant cell enhancer achieves cell-type specificity through activation via TCP and repression by Dof transcription factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.270454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper pattern formation relies on the tight coordination of cell fate specification and cell cycle regulation in growing tissues. How this can be organized at enhancers that activate gene expression necessary for differentiation is not well understood. One such example is the patterning of the Arabidopsis thaliana sepal epidermis where giant cell fate specification is associated with the endoreduplication cell cycle. Previously, we identified an enhancer region capable of driving giant cell-specific expression. In this study, we use the giant cell enhancer as a model to understand the regulatory logic that promotes cell-type specific expression. Our dissection of the enhancer revealed that giant cell specificity is achieved primarily through the combination of two elements: an activator and a repressor. TCP transcription factors are involved in activation of non-specific expression throughout the epidermis with higher expression in endoreduplicated giant cells than small cells. Dof transcription factors act via the second element to repress activity of the enhancer and limit expression to giant cells. Thus, we find that cell-type specific expression emerges from the combined activities of two broadly acting enhancer elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruneda-Paz, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeder, A. H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.270454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A giant cell enhancer achieves cell-type specificity through activation via TCP and repression by Dof transcription factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.270751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De Novo Mutation in an Enhancer of EBF3 in simplex autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.270751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous research in autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has indicated an important contribution of de novo protein-coding variants within specific genes. The role of de novo noncoding variation has been observable as a general increase in genetic burden but has yet to be resolved to individual functional elements. In this study, we assessed whole-genome sequencing data in 2,671 families with autism, with a specific focus on de novo variation in enhancers with previously characterized in vivo activity. We identified three independent de novo mutations limited to individuals with autism in the enhancer hs737. These mutations result in similar phenotypic characteristics, affect enhancer activity in vitro, and preferentially occur in AAT motifs in the enhancer with predicted disruptions of transcription factor binding. We also find that hs737 is enriched for copy number variation in individuals with NDDs, is dosage sensitive in the human population, is brain-specific, and targets the NDD gene EBF3 that is genome-wide significant for protein coding de novo variants, demonstrating the importance of understanding all forms of variation in the genome.

One Sentence SummaryWhole-genome sequencing in thousands of families reveals variants relevant to simplex autism in a brain enhancer of the well-established neurodevelopmental disorder gene EBF3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Padhi, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayeck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannion, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrska-Bishop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musunuri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narzisi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abhyankar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akiyama, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fries, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickel, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernier, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zody, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.270751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De Novo Mutation in an Enhancer of EBF3 in simplex autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.273565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pseudouridine synthases modify human pre-mRNA co-transcriptionally and affect splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.29.273565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic messenger RNAs are extensively decorated with modified nucleotides and the resulting epitranscriptome plays important regulatory roles in cells 1. Pseudouridine ({Psi}) is a modified nucleotide that is prevalent in human mRNAs and can be dynamically regulated 2-5. However, it is unclear when in their life cycle RNAs become pseudouridylated and what the endogenous functions of mRNA pseudouridylation are. To determine if pseudouridine is added co-transcriptionally, we conducted pseudouridine profiling 2 on chromatin-associated RNA to reveal thousands of intronic pseudouridines in nascent pre-mRNA at locations that are significantly associated with alternatively spliced exons, enriched near splice sites, and overlap hundreds of binding sites for regulatory RNA binding proteins. Multiple distinct pseudouridine synthases with tissue-specific expression pseudouridylate pre-mRNA sites, and genetic manipulation of the predominant pre-mRNA modifying pseudouridine synthases PUS1, PUS7 and RPUSD4 induced widespread changes in alternative splicing in cells, supporting a role for pre-mRNA pseudouridylation in alternative splicing regulation. Consistently, we find that individual pseudouridines identified in cells are sufficient to directly affect splicing in vitro. Together with previously observed effects of artificial pseudouridylation on RNA-RNA6-8 and RNA-protein 9-11 interactions that are relevant for splicing, our results demonstrate widespread co-transcriptional pre-mRNA pseudouridylation and establish the enormous potential for this RNA modification to control human gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, W. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaening, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussbacher, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sathe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.29.273565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pseudouridine synthases modify human pre-mRNA co-transcriptionally and affect splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.275602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Steady-state visually evoked potentials and feature-based attention: Pre-registered null results and a focused review of methodological considerations. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.275602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Feature-based attention is the ability to selectively attend to a particular feature (e.g., attend to red but not green items while looking for the ketchup bottle in your refrigerator), and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) measured from the human electroencephalogram (EEG) signal have been used to track the neural deployment of feature-based attention. Although many published studies suggest that we can use trial-by-trial cues to enhance relevant feature information (i.e., greater SSVEP response to the cued color), there is ongoing debate about whether participants may likewise use trial-by-trial cues to voluntarily ignore a particular feature. Here, we report the results of a pre-registered study in which participants either were cued to attend or to ignore a color. Counter to prior work, we found no attention-related modulation of the SSVEP response in either cue condition. However, positive control analyses revealed that participants paid some degree of attention to the cued color (i.e., we observed a greater P300 component to targets in the attended versus the unattended color). In light of these unexpected null results, we conducted a focused review of methodological considerations for studies of feature-based attention using SSVEPs. In the review, we quantify potentially important stimulus parameters that have been used in the past (e.g., stimulation frequency; trial counts) and we discuss the potential importance of these and other task factors (e.g., feature-based priming) for SSVEP studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.275602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Steady-state visually evoked potentials and feature-based attention: Pre-registered null results and a focused review of methodological considerations.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.276311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stability analysis of a signaling circuit with dual species of GTPase switches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.31.276311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWGTPases are molecular switches that regulate a wide range of cellular processes, such as organelle biogenesis, position, shape, and function, vesicular transport between organelles, and signal transduction. These hydrolase enzymes operate by toggling between an active "ON") guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound state and an inactive ("OFF") guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound state; such a toggle is regulated by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) and GAPs (GTPase activating proteins). Here we propose a model for a network motif between monomeric (m) and trimeric (t) GTPases assembled exclusively in eukaryotic cells of multicellular organisms. We develop a system of ordinary differential equations in which these two classes of GT-Pases are interlinked conditional to their ON/OFF states within a motif through coupling and feedback loops. We provide explicit formulae for the steady states of the system and perform classical local stability analysis to systematically investigate the role of the different connections between the GTPase switches. Interestingly, a coupling of the active mGTPase to the GEF of the tGTPase was sufficient to provide two locally stable states: one where both active/inactive forms of the mGTPase can be interpreted as having low concentrations and the other where both m- and tGTPase have high concentrations. Moreover, when a feedback loop from the GEF of the tGTPase to the GAP of the mGTPase was added to the coupled system, two other locally stable states emerged, both having the tGTPase inactivated and being interpreted as having low active tGTPase concentrations. Finally, the addition of a second feedback loop, from the active tGT-Pase to the GAP of the mGTPase, gives rise to a family of steady states that can be parametrized by a range of inactive tGTPase concentrations. Our findings reveal that the coupling of these two different GTPase motifs can dramatically change their steady state behaviors and shed light on how such coupling may impact signaling mechanisms in eukaryotic cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stolerman, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.31.276311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stability analysis of a signaling circuit with dual species of GTPase switches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.280636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-vessel cerebral blood flow fMRI to map blood velocity by phase-contrast imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.280636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current approaches to high-field fMRI provide two means to map hemodynamics at the level of single vessels in the brain. One is through changes in deoxyhemoglobin in venules, i.e., blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI, while the second is through changes in arteriole diameter, i.e., cerebral blood volume (CBV) fMRI. Here we introduce cerebral blood flow (CBF)-fMRI, which uses high-resolution phase-contrast MRI to form velocity measurements of flow and demonstrate CBF-fMRI in single penetrating microvessels across rat parietal cortex. In contrast to the venule-dominated BOLD and arteriole-dominated CBV fMRI signal, the phase-contrast -based CBF signal changes are highly comparable from both arterioles and venules. Thus, we have developed a single-vessel fMRI platform to map the BOLD, CBV, and CBF from penetrating microvessels throughout the cortex. This high-resolution single-vessel fMRI mapping scheme not only enables the vessel-specific hemodynamic mapping in diseased animal models but also presents a translational potential to map vascular dementia in diseased or injured human brains with ultra-high field fMRI.

SummaryWe established a high-resolution PC-based single-vessel velocity mapping method using the high field MRI. This PC-based micro-vessel velocity measurement enables the development of the single-vessel CBF-fMRI method. In particular, in contrast to the arteriole-dominated CBV and venule-dominated BOLD responses, the CBF-fMRI shows similar velocity changes in penetrating arterioles and venules in activated brain regions. Thus, we have built a noninvasive single-vessel fMRI mapping scheme for BOLD, CBV, and CBF hemodynamic parameter measurements in animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleninfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.03.280636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-vessel cerebral blood flow fMRI to map blood velocity by phase-contrast imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GTPBP1 resolves paused ribosomes to maintain neuronal homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome-associated quality control pathways respond to defects in translational elongation to recycle arrested ribosomes and degrade aberrant polypeptides and mRNAs. Loss of an individual tRNA gene leads to ribosomal pausing that is resolved by the translational GTPase GTPBP2, and in its absence causes neuron death. Here we show that loss of the homologous protein GTPBP1 during tRNA deficiency in the mouse brain also leads to codon-specific ribosome pausing and neurodegeneration, suggesting that these non-redundant translational GTPases function in the same pathway to mitigate ribosome pausing. Ribosome stalling in the mutant brain led to activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) mediated by GCN2 and decreased mTORC1 signaling. However, in contrast to the ISR, which enhanced neuron survival, reduced mTORC1 signaling increased neuronal death. Our data demonstrate that GTPBP1 functions as an important quality control mechanism during translation elongation and suggest that translational signaling pathways intricately interact to regulate neuronal homeostasis during defective translation elongation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terrey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishimura, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.03.281675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GTPBP1 resolves paused ribosomes to maintain neuronal homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.282079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inherently confinable split-drive systems in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.282079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based gene drive systems, which copy themselves based on gene conversion mediated by the homology directed repair (HDR) pathway, have potential to revolutionize vector control. However, mutant alleles generated by the competing non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway that are rendered resistant to Cas9 cleavage can interrupt the spread of genedrive elements. We hypothesized that drives targeting genes essential for viability or reproduction also carrying recoded sequences to restore endogenous gene functionality should benefit from dominantly-acting maternal clearance of NHEJ alleles, combined with recessive Mendelian processes. Here, we test split gene-drive (sGD) systems in Drosophila melanogaster that were inserted into essential genes required for viability (rab5, rab11, prosalpha2) or fertility (spo11). In single generation crosses, sGDs copy with variable efficiencies and display sex-biased transmission. In multi-generational cage trials, sGD follow distinct drive trajectories reflecting their differential tendencies to induce target chromosome damage or lethal/sterile mosaic phenotypes, leading to inherently confineable drive outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terradas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchman, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.03.282079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inherently confinable split-drive systems in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.05.284489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential gene expression reflects larval development and survival of monarch butterflies on different milkweed hosts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.05.284489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Second instar larvae of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, from a nonmigratory population in Irapuato, Mexico, were reared for twenty-four hours on three species of milkweed hosts: Asclepias curassavica, A. linaria, and Gomphocarpus physocarpus. We then measured larval growth and differential expression of coding genes and of microRNAs. Larval growth was similar on the two Asclepias species, while little growth was observed on G. physocarpus. The greatest differences in coding gene expression occurred in genes controlling growth and detoxification and were most extreme in comparisons between G. physocarpus and the two Asclepias. MicroRNAs are predicted to be involved as regulators of many of these processes, in particular miR-278, differentially expressed here, could be an important regulator of growth through Hippo signaling. The implications for survival of the monarch, especially in the context of environmental factors altering the availability of their favored milkweed species, are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-De-la-Rosa, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez Loustalot-Laclette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu-Goodger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markow, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.05.284489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential gene expression reflects larval development and survival of monarch butterflies on different milkweed hosts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.06.285056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High spatial resolution global ocean metagenomes from Bio-GO-SHIP repeat hydrography transects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.06.285056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detailed descriptions of microbial communities have lagged far behind physical and chemical measurements in the marine environment. Here, we present 720 globally distributed surface ocean metagenomes collected at high spatio-temporal resolution. Our low-cost metagenomic sequencing protocol produced 2.75 terabases of data, where the median number of base pairs per sample was 3.48 billion. The median distance between sampling stations was 26 km. The metagenomic libraries described here were collected as a part of a biological initiative for the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program, or "Bio-GO-SHIP." One of the primary aims of GO-SHIP is to produce high spatial and vertical resolution measurements of key state variables to directly quantify climate change impacts on ocean environments. By similarly collecting marine metagenomes at high spatiotemporal resolution, we expect that this dataset will help answer questions about the link between microbial communities and biogeochemical fluxes in a changing ocean.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larkin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ustick, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbero, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonnerup, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarran, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkov, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martiny, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.06.285056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High spatial resolution global ocean metagenomes from Bio-GO-SHIP repeat hydrography transects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.06.285387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TWIST1 and chromatin regulatory proteins interact to guide neural crest cell differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.06.285387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein interaction is critical molecular regulatory activity underlining cellular functions and precise cell fate choices. Using TWIST1 BioID-proximity-labelling and network propagation analyses, we discovered and characterized a TWIST-chromatin regulatory module (TWIST1-CRM) in the neural crest cell (NCC). Combinatorial perturbation of core members of TWIST1-CRM: TWIST1, CHD7, CHD8, and WHSC1 in cell models and mouse embryos revealed that loss of the function of the regulatory module resulted in abnormal specification of NCCs and compromised craniofacial tissue patterning. Our results showed that in the course of cranial neural crest differentiation, phasic activity of TWIST1 and the interacting chromatin regulators promote the choice of NCC fate while suppressing neural stem cell fates, and subsequently enhance ectomesenchyme potential and cell motility. We have revealed the connections between TWIST1 and potential neurocristopathy factors which are functionally interdependent in NCC specification. Moreover, the NCC module participate in the genetic circuit delineating dorsal-ventral patterning of neural progenitors in the neuroepithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masamsetti, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J. Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engholm-Keller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteil, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studdert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fossat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, P. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.06.285387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TWIST1 and chromatin regulatory proteins interact to guide neural crest cell differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.07.286484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct observation of RAG recombinase recruitment to chromatin and the IgH locus in live pro-B cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.07.286484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins introduce double-strand DNA breaks at antigen-receptor loci in developing lymphocytes to initiate V(D)J recombination. How RAG proteins find the correct target locus in a vast excess of non-specific chromatin is not known. Here we measured dynamics of RAG1/RAG2 interactions with chromatin in living pro-B cells. We found that the majority of RAG1 or RAG1/RAG2 complex is in a fast 3D diffusive state, and the residual slow diffusive (bound) fraction was determined by a non-core portion of RAG1, and the PHD domain of RAG2. The RAG proteins exhibited distinct dynamics at the IgH locus. In particular, RAG2 increased the probability of RAG1 binding to IgH, a property that likely explains its non-catalytic role in V(D)J recombination. Our observations reveal how RAG finds its targets in developing B cells.

One Sentence SummarySingle-molecule imaging of the RAG recombinase reveals its search strategy for chromatin, H3K4me3 and antibody gene loci in living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lovely, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braikia, F.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.07.286484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct observation of RAG recombinase recruitment to chromatin and the IgH locus in live pro-B cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.288233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive interrogation of the ADAR2 deaminase domain for engineering enhanced RNA base-editing activity, functionality and specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.288233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) can be repurposed to enable programmable RNA editing, however their exogenous delivery leads to transcriptome-wide off-targeting, and additionally, enzymatic activity on certain RNA motifs, especially those flanked by a 5 guanosine is very low thus limiting their utility as a transcriptome engineering toolset. To address this, we explored comprehensive ADAR2 protein engineering via three approaches: First, we performed a novel deep mutational scan of the deaminase domain that enabled direct coupling of variants to corresponding RNA editing activity. Experimentally measuring the impact of every amino acid substitution across 261 residues, i.e. ~5000 variants, on RNA editing, revealed intrinsic domain properties, and also several mutations that greatly enhanced RNA editing. Second, we performed a domain-wide mutagenesis screen to identify variants that increased activity at 5-GA-3 motifs, and discovered novel mutants that enabled robust RNA editing. Third, we engineered the domain at the fragment level to create split deaminases. Notably, compared to full-length deaminase overexpression, split-deaminases resulted in >1000 fold more specific RNA editing. Taken together, we anticipate this comprehensive deaminase engineering will enable broader utility of the ADAR toolset for RNA biotechnology and therapeutic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katrekar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meluzzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.08.288233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive interrogation of the ADAR2 deaminase domain for engineering enhanced RNA base-editing activity, functionality and specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.290650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical principles governing the shapes of dendritic spines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.290650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along the dendrites of neurons and are sites of excitatory postsynaptic activity. The morphology of spines has been implicated in their function in synaptic plasticity and their shapes have been well-characterized, but the potential mechanics underlying their shape development and maintenance have not yet been fully understood. In this work, we explore the mechanical principles that could underlie specific shapes using a minimal biophysical model of membrane-actin interactions. Using this model, we first identify the possible force regimes that give rise to the classic spine shapes - stubby, filopodia, thin, and mushroom-shaped spines. We also use this model to investigate how the spine neck might be stabilized using periodic rings of actin or associated proteins. Finally, we use this model to predict that the cooperation between force generation and ring structures can regulate the energy landscape of spine shapes across a wide range of tensions. Thus, our study provides insights into how mechanical aspects of actin-mediated force generation and tension can play critical roles in spine shape maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halpain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.290650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical principles governing the shapes of dendritic spines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.290668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification of Cas9 binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences maps landscapes of target engagement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.290668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA-guided nuclease Cas9 has unlocked powerful methods for perturbing both the genome through targeted DNA cleavage and the regulome through targeted DNA binding, but limited biochemical data has hampered efforts to quantitatively model sequence perturbation of target binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences. We present scalable, sequencing-based platforms for high-throughput filter binding and cleavage, then perform 62,444 quantitative binding and cleavage assays on 35,047 on- and off-target DNA sequences across 90 Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) loaded with distinct guide RNAs. We observe that binding and cleavage efficacy, as well as specificity, vary substantially across RNPs; canonically studied guides often have atypically high specificity; sequence context surrounding the target significantly influences Cas9 on-rate; and Cas9 RNPs may sequester targets in nonproductive states that contribute to "proofreading" capability. Finally, we distill our findings into an interpretable biophysical model that predicts changes in binding and cleavage for diverse target sequence perturbations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boyle, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenleaf, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.290668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification of Cas9 binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences maps landscapes of target engagement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.291518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene exchange networks define species-like units in marine prokaryotes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.291518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-submission note. Since the original submission of this manuscript to bioRxiv, we discovered that some of our results may be impacted by the limitations of some of the comparative genomics tools used in this study. We are working on a revised version of the manuscript.

Although horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a major evolutionary process in Bacteria and Archaea, its general patterns remain elusive, due to difficulties tracking genes at relevant resolution and scale within complex microbiomes. To circumvent these challenges, we analyzed a randomized sample of >12,000 genomes of individual cells of Bacteria and Archaea in the tropical and subtropical ocean - a well-mixed, global environment. We found that marine microorganisms form gene exchange networks (GENs) within which transfers of both flexible and core genes are frequent, including the rRNA operon that is commonly used as a conservative taxonomic marker. The data revealed efficient gene exchange among genomes with <28% nucleotide difference, indicating that GENs are much broader lineages than the nominal microbial species, which are currently delineated at 4-6% nucleotide difference. The 42 largest GENs accounted for 90% of cells in the tropical ocean microbiome. Frequent gene exchange within GENs helps explain how marine microorganisms maintain millions of rare genes and adapt to a dynamic environment despite extreme genome streamlining of their individual cells. Our study suggests that sharing of pangenomes through horizontal gene transfer is a defining feature of fundamental evolutionary units in marine planktonic microorganisms and, potentially, other microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stepanauskas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezuidt, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachiadaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Record, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.291518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene exchange networks define species-like units in marine prokaryotes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.290486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR37L1: pharmacological toolbox empty once again 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.290486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are largely intractable therapeutic targets, owing to the lack of chemical tools for exploring their pharmacology. The discovery of such tools, however, is hampered by a number of unknowns, such as effector coupling and appropriate positive controls. In our 2017 Nature Chemical Biology paper1, we developed a computational chemical tool discovery approach called GPCR Contact-Informed Neighboring Pocket (GPCR-CoINPocket). This method predicted pharmacological similarity of GPCRs in a ligand- and structure-independent manner, to enable the discovery of off-target activities of known compounds at orphan GPCRs and hence the identification of so-called surrogate ligands. Our orphan GPCR target for prospective surrogate ligand discovery efforts was GPR37L1, a brain-specific receptor linked to cerebellar development2 and seizures3. We had previously demonstrated that GPR37L1 constitutively coupled to Gs and generated ligand-independent increases in intracellular cAMP4[&#167;]. Thus, the inverse agonist activities of computationally predicted surrogates were tested in the cAMP response element luciferase (CRE-luc) reporter gene assay in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells expressing either vector control or what we thought was untagged GPR37L1 in pcDNA3.1. However, we recently discovered that the GPR37L1 construct used in that study was incorrect: instead of pcDNA3.1, it carried the receptor inserted backwards into a yeast p426GPD vector (hereafter referred to as p426-r37L1). Here, we correct the cloning error and describe our subsequent unsuccessful efforts to re-test the computationally predicted GPR37L1 ligands (triggering an author-initiated retraction of1).

NoteWe, the authors, are working with the Nature Chemical Biology Editors to retract our 2017 paper  Orphan receptor ligand discovery by pickpocketing pharmacological neighbors1. The present manuscript is under review at Nature Chemical Biology as a Matters Arising accompaniment to the anticipated author-initiated retraction. We initiated the steps towards the retraction upon discovering a regrettable cloning error that put into question the in vitro findings reported in1. This action was unanimously agreed upon by all authors. The computational aspects of the original manuscript1 are unaffected by this error.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>So, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chahal, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finch, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.290486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR37L1: pharmacological toolbox empty once again]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.297028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective activation of FZD7 promotes mesendodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.297028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
WNT proteins are secreted symmetry breaking signals that interact with cell surface receptors of the FZD family to regulate a multitude of developmental processes. Studying selectivity between WNTs and FZDs has been hampered by the paucity of purified WNT proteins and by their apparent non-selective interactions with the FZD receptors. Here we describe an engineered protein, called F7L6, comprised of antibody-derived single chain variable fragments that selectively binds to human FZD7 and the co-receptor LRP6. F7L6 potently activates WNT/{beta}-catenin signaling in a manner similar to Wnt3a. In contrast to Wnt3a, F7L6 engages only FZD7 and none of the other FZD proteins. Treatment of human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells with F7L6 initiates transcriptional programs similar to those observed during primitive streak formation and subsequent gastrulation in the mammalian embryo. This demonstrates that selective engagement and activation of FZD7 signaling is sufficient to promote mesendodermal differentiation of hPS cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gumber, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh Kumar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaasterland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.297028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective activation of FZD7 promotes mesendodermal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.297317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal transcriptional regulation of cellular responses to sudden environmental shifts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.297317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular responses to sudden changes in their environment require prompt expression of the correct levels of the appropriate enzymes. These enzymes are typically regulated by transcription factors that sense the presence of inducers and control gene expression for the duration of the response. The specific choice of regulatory strategy depends on the characteristics of each cell response, with the pattern of gene expression dictated by parameters such as the affinity of the transcription factor to its binding sites and the strength of the promoters it regulates. Although much is known about how gene regulation determines the dynamics of cell responses, we still lack a framework to understand how the many different regulatory strategies evolved in natural systems relate to the constraints imposed by the selective pressures acting in each particular case. Here, we analyze a dynamical model of a cell response where expression of a transcriptionally repressed enzyme is induced by a sudden exposure to its substrate. We identify strategies of gene regulation that optimize the response for different types of selective pressures, which we define as a set of costs associated with substrate, enzyme and repressor intracellular concentrations during the response. We find that regulated responses happen within a defined region in the parameter space. While responses to costly (toxic) substrates favor the usage of strongly self-regulated repressors, responses where expression of enzyme is more costly than its substrate favor the usage of constitutively expressed repressors. There is only a very narrow range of selective pressures that would favor weakly self-regulated repressors. This framework can be used to infer which costs and benefits are most critical in the evolution of natural examples of cellular responses, and to predict how a response can optimize its regulation when transported to a new environment with different demands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schultz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.297317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal transcriptional regulation of cellular responses to sudden environmental shifts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.16.300152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.16.300152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central to advancing our understanding of neural circuits is the development of minimally invasive, multi-modal interfaces capable of simultaneously recording and modulating neural activity. Recent devices have focused on matching the mechanical compliance of tissue to reduce inflammatory responses1,2. However, reductions in the size of multi-modal interfaces are needed to further improve biocompatibility and long-term recording capabilities1. Here we demonstrate a multi-modal coaxial microprobe design with a minimally invasive footprint (8-12 m diameter over millimeter lengths) that enables efficient electrical and optical interrogation of neural networks. In the brain, the probes allowed robust electrical measurement and optogenetic stimulation. Scalable fabrication strategies can be used with various electrical and optical materials, making the probes highly customizable to experimental requirements, including length, diameter, and mechanical properties. Given their negligible inflammatory response, these probes promise to enable a new generation of readily tunable multi-modal devices for minimally invasive interfacing with neural circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ward, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esener, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimmerjahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirbuly, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.16.300152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.302117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The organization and developmental establishment ofcortical interneuron presynaptic circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.302117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory and cognitive functions are processed in discrete cortical areas and depend upon the integration of long range cortical and subcortical inputs. PV and SST inhibitory interneurons (cINs) gate these inputs and failure to do so properly is implicated in many neurodevelopmental disorders. The logic by which these interneuron populations are integrated into cortical circuits and how these vary across sensory versus associative cortical areas is unknown. To answer this question, we began by surveying the breadth of afferents impinging upon PV and SST cINs within distinct cortical areas. We found that presynaptic inputs to both cIN populations are similar and primarily dictated by their areal location. By contrast, the timing of when they receive these afferents is cell-type specific. In sensory regions, both SST and PV cINs initially receive thalamocortical first order inputs. While by adulthood PV cINs remain heavily skewed towards first order inputs, SST cINs receive an equal balance of first and higher order thalamic afferents. Remarkably, while perturbations to sensory experience affect PV cIN thalamocortical connectivity, SST cIN connectivity is disrupted in a model of fragile X syndrome (Fmr1 loss of function) but not a model of ASD (Shank3B loss of function). Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive map of cIN afferents within different functional cortical areas and reveal the region-specific logic by which PV and SST cIN circuits are established.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pouchelon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollmann, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agba, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritola, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirow, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cossart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.302117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The organization and developmental establishment ofcortical interneuron presynaptic circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A De Novo Genome Assembly, Gene Annotation, And Expression Atlas For The Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The monarch butterfly epitomizes insect biodiversity decline. Understanding the genetic basis of the adaptation of the monarch to a changing environment requires genomic and transcriptomic resources that better reflect its genetic diversity while being informative about gene functionality during life cycle. We report a reference-quality genome assembly from an individual resident at a nonmigratory colony in Mexico, and a new gene annotation and expression atlas for 14,865 genes, including 492 unreported long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes, based on RNA-seq data from 14 larval and pupal stages, plus adult morphological sections. Two thirds of the genes show significant expression changes associated with a life stage or section, with lncRNAs being more finely regulated during adulthood than protein-coding genes, and male-biased expression being four times more common than female-biased. The two portions of the heterochromosome Z display distinct patterns of differential expression between the sexes, reflecting that dosage compensation is either absent or incomplete -depending on the sample- in the ancestral but not in the novel portion of the Z. This study represents a major advance in the genomic and transcriptome resources available for D. plexippus while providing the first systematic analysis of its transcriptional program across most of its life cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ranz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazario, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Cervantes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palma-Martinez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdivia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Kaufman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markow, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu-Goodger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.19.304162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A De Novo Genome Assembly, Gene Annotation, And Expression Atlas For The Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.304964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered lipid metabolism marks glioblastoma stem and non-stem cells in separate tumor niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.304964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is marked by cellular heterogeneity, including metabolic heterogeneity, that varies among cellular microenvironments in the same tumor. Altered cellular metabolism in cancer is well-established, but how lipid metabolism is altered to suit different microenvironmental conditions and cellular states within a tumor remains unexplored.

MethodsWe assessed GBM organoid models that mimic the transition zone between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor pseudopalisading/perinecrotic tumor zones and performed spatial RNA-sequencing of cells to interrogate lipid metabolism. Using targeted lipidomic analysis, we assessed differences in acutely enriched cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-CSCs from multiple patient-derived models to explore the link between the stem cell state and lipid metabolism.

ResultsSpatial analysis revealed a striking difference in lipid content between microenvironments, with lipid enrichment in the hypoxic organoid cores and the perinecrotic and pseudopalisading regions of primary patient tumors. This was accompanied by regionally restricted upregulation of hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA) gene expression in organoid cores and in clinical GBM specimens, but not lower-grade brain tumors, that was specifically localized to pseudopalisading regions of patient tumors. CSCs have low lipid droplet accumulation compared to non-CSCs in organoid models and xenograft tumors, and prospectively sorted lipid-low GBM cells are functionally enriched for stem cell activity. Targeted lipidomic analysis revealed that CSCs had decreased levels of major classes of neutral lipids compared to non-CSCs but had significantly increased polyunsaturated fatty acid production due to high fatty acid desaturase (FADS1/2) expression.

ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that lipid metabolism is differentially altered across GBM microenvironments and cellular hierarchies, providing guidance for targeting of these altered lipid metabolic pathways.

Key pointsO_LIGBM cells in nutrient-poor tumor regions have increased accumulation of lipid droplets.
C_LIO_LICSCs have reduced lipid content compared to non-CSCs.
C_LIO_LIGBM CSCs and non-CSCs have disparate lipid metabolisms that may be uniquely targetable.
C_LI

Importance of the StudyMetabolic targeting has long been advocated as a therapy against many tumors including GBM, and it remains an outstanding question whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) have altered lipid metabolism. We demonstrated striking differences in lipid metabolism between diverse cell populations from the same patient. These spatially and phenotypically distinct lipid phenotypes occur clinically in the majority of patients and can be recapitulated in laboratory models. Lipidomic analysis of multiple patient-derived models shows a significant shift in lipid metabolism between GBM CSCs and non-CSCs, suggesting that lipid levels may not be simply a product of the microenvironment but also may be a reflection of cellular state. Our results suggest that therapeutic targeting of GBM lipid metabolism must consider multiple separate tumor cell populations to be effective, and we provide a methodologic framework for studying these metabolically diverse cellular populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shakya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gromovsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knudsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prager, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penalva, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristensen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.20.304964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered lipid metabolism marks glioblastoma stem and non-stem cells in separate tumor niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.304196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multivariate GWAS elucidates the genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and misuse, corrects biases, and reveals novel associations with disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.304196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), a ten-item screener for alcohol use disorder (AUD), have elucidated novel loci for alcohol consumption and misuse. However, these studies also revealed that GWASs can be influenced by numerous biases (e.g., measurement error, selection bias), which have led to inconsistent genetic correlations between alcohol involvement and AUD, as well as paradoxically negative genetic correlations between alcohol involvement and psychiatric disorders/medical conditions. To explore these unexpected differences in genetic correlations, we conducted the first item-level and largest GWAS of AUDIT items (N=160,824), and applied a multivariate framework to mitigate previous biases. In doing so, we identified novel patterns of similarity (and dissimilarity) among the AUDIT items, and found evidence of a correlated two-factor structure at the genetic level (Consumption and Problems, rg=.80). Moreover, by applying empirically-derived weights to each of the AUDIT items, we constructed an aggregate measure of alcohol consumption that is strongly associated with alcohol dependence (rg=.67) and several other psychiatric disorders, and no longer positively associated with health and positive socioeconomic outcomes. Lastly, by performing polygenic analyses in three independent cohorts that differed in their ascertainment and prevalence of AUD, we identified novel genetic associations between alcohol consumption, alcohol misuse, and human health. Our work further emphasizes the value of AUDIT for both clinical and genetic studies of AUD, and the importance of using multivariate methods to study genetic associations that are more closely related to AUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mallard, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hottenga, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotzinger, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anokhin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nivard, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Geus, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.21.304196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multivariate GWAS elucidates the genetic architecture of alcohol consumption and misuse, corrects biases, and reveals novel associations with disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engines of change: Transposable element mutation rates are high and vary widely among genotypes and populations of Daphnia magna 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.21.307181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) represent a large and dynamic portion of most eukaryotic genomes, yet little is known about their mutation rates or the correspondence between rates and long-term patterns of accrual. We compare TE activity over long and short time periods by quantifying TE profiles and mutation rates (with and without minimizing selection) among 9 genotypes from three populations of Daphnia magna sampled along a latitudinal gradient. The patterns of genome-wide variation observed in nature mirror direct estimates of rates and spectra observed in a multi-year laboratory mutation accumulation experiment, where net rates range from -11.98 to 12.79 x 10-5 per copy per generation across genotypes. Overall, gains outnumber losses and both types of events are highly deleterious based on comparing lines with and without selection minimized. The rate and spectrum of TE mutations vary widely among genotypes and across TE families/types, even within the same population. We compare TE mutation rates to previously published rates of base substitution, microsatellite mutation, and gene conversion for the same genotypes, and show a correlation only with the latter. Our study provides strong evidence for the notion that TEs represent a highly mutagenic force in the genome. Furthermore, the variation we observe underscores the need to expand the repertoire of mutations studied to include a wider array of mutation types with different underlying mechanisms in order to better understand the evolution of the mutation rate and the ways in which genetic variation is generated genome wide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, E. K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellis, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adrion, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latta, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.21.307181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engines of change: Transposable element mutation rates are high and vary widely among genotypes and populations of Daphnia magna]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.307728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.307728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCladobranch sea slugs represent roughly half of the biodiversity of soft-bodied, marine gastropod molluscs (Nudibranchia) on the planet. Despite their global distribution from shallow waters to the deep sea, from tropical into polar seas, and their important role in marine ecosystems and for humans (as bioindicators and providers of medical drug leads), the evolutionary history of cladobranch sea slugs is not yet fully understood. Here, we amplify the current knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships by extending the cladobranch and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

ResultsWe generated new transcriptome data for 19 species of cladobranch sea slugs and two additional outgroup taxa. We complemented our taxon sampling with previously published transcriptome data, resulting in a final supermatrix covering 56 species from all but one accepted cladobranch superfamilies. Transcriptome assembly using six different assemblers, selection of those assemblies providing the largest amount of potentially phylogenetically informative sites, and quality-driven compilation of data sets resulted in three different supermatrices: one with a full coverage of genes per species (446 single-copy protein-coding genes) and two with a less stringent coverage (667 genes with 98.9% partition coverage and 1,767 genes with 86% partition coverage, respectively). We used these supermatrices to infer statistically robust maximum-likelihood trees. All analyses, irrespective of the data set, indicate maximum statistical support for all major splits and phylogenetic relationships on family level. The only discordance between the inferred trees is the position of Embletonia pulchra. Extensive testing using Four-cluster Likelihood Mapping, Approximately Unbiased tests, and Quartet Scores revealed that its position is not due to any informative phylogenetic signal, but caused by confounding signal.

ConclusionsOur data matrices and the inferred trees inferred can serve as a solid foundation for future work on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Cladobranchia. The correct placement of E. pulchra, however, proves challenging, even with large data sets. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data is sufficient to explain the inferred position of E. pulchra, again leaving its phylogenetic position as an enigma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karmeinski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meusemann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroedl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martynov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korshunova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wägele, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.307728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 modulates T helper 17 cell effector function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ADAR1 and ADAR2 catalyze adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, the most common post-transcriptional modification in RNA. While ADAR1 is ubiquitously expressed and plays a critical role in preventing activation of the host immune system, ADAR2 exhibits tissue-specific and inducible expression patterns, and its function in the immune system is not known. Here, we identify an intragenic super-enhancer involved in the dramatic induction of ADAR2 when naive helper T cells differentiate toward the Th17 lineage. By editing the inverted repeat sequences at the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of Malt1, which encodes a component of the NF-{kappa}B activation complex, ADAR2 promotes MALT1 expression and Th17 effector function. Interference with the ADAR2-MALT1 pathway dampens the production of Th17 cytokines and promotes T cell-mediated colitis. This study expands our understanding of RNA editing in adaptive immunity and identifies the ADAR2-MALT1-IL-17A axis as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory conditions in the intestine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR2 modulates T helper 17 cell effector function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.309054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Organization for Color Appearance Mechanisms in Primary Visual Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.309054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of color perception have led to mechanistic models of how cone-opponent signals from retinal ganglion cells are integrated to generate color appearance. But it is unknown how this hypothesized integration occurs in the brain. Here we show that cone-opponent signals transmitted from retina to primary visual cortex (V1) are integrated through highly organized circuits within V1 to implement the color opponent interactions required for color appearance. Combining intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISI) and 2-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) at single cell resolution, we demonstrate cone-opponent functional domains (COFDs) that combine L/M cone-opponent and S/L+M cone-opponent signals following the rules predicted from psychophysical studies of color perception. These give rise to an orderly organization of hue preferences of the neurons within the COFDs and the generation of hue "pinwheels". Thus, spatially organized neural circuits mediate an orderly transition from cone-opponency to color appearance that begins in V1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.309054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Organization for Color Appearance Mechanisms in Primary Visual Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.310672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving atomic site interactions of the Y. pestis outer membrane protein Ail with human serum in the bacterial cell envelope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.310672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding microbe-host interactions at the molecular level is a major goal of fundamental biology and therapeutic drug development. Structural biology strives to capture biomolecular structures in action, but the samples are often highly simplified versions of the complex native environment. Here we present an E. coli model system that allows us to probe the structure and function of Ail, the major surface protein of the deadly pathogen Yersinia pestis. We show that cell surface expression of Ail produces Y. pestis virulence phenotypes in E. coli, including resistance to human serum, co-sedimentation of human vitronectin and pellicle formation. Moreover, isolated bacterial cell envelopes, encompassing inner and outer membranes, yield high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra that reflect the structure of Ail and reveal Ail sites that are sensitive to the bacterial membrane environment and involved in the interactions with human serum components. The data capture the structure and function of Ail in a bacterial outer membrane and set the stage for probing its interactions with the complex milieu of immune response proteins present in human serum.

SIGNIFICANCEAil is a critical virulence factor of Y. pestis, and its interactions with human serum are central for promoting the immune resistance of bacteria to the human host defenses. Here we capture the action of Ail in a functional bacterial environment and set the stage for probing its interactions with the complex milieu of immune response proteins present in human serum. The development of an E. coli model system of Y. pestis for biophysical studies is new and biologically important. Finally, the work extends the range in-situ NMR spectroscopy to include models of microbial infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kent, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujimoto, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opella, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plano, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marassi, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.310672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving atomic site interactions of the Y. pestis outer membrane protein Ail with human serum in the bacterial cell envelope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.26.315135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The quantitative metabolome is shaped by abiotic constraints 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.26.315135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Living systems formed and evolved under governing constraints that characterize their interactions with the inorganic world. These interactions are definable using basic physico-chemical principles. Here, we formulate a comprehensive set of ten governing abiotic constraints that define possible quantitative metabolomes. We apply these constraints to a metabolic network of Escherichia coli that represents 90% of its metabolome. We show that the quantitative metabolomes allowed by the abiotic constraints are consistent with metabolomic and isotope labeling data. We find that: (i) Network-wide characterization of charge-, proton- and magnesium-related constraints shape transcriptional regulatory responses to osmotic stress; (ii) Proton and charge imbalance underlie transcriptional regulatory responses to acid stress; (iii) Abiotic constraints drive the evolution of transport systems, such as high-affinity phosphate transporters. Thus, quantifying the constraints that the inorganic world imposes on living systems provides insights into their key characteristics, helps understand the outcomes of evolutionary adaptation, and should be considered as a fundamental part of theoretical biology and for understanding the constraints on evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.26.315135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The quantitative metabolome is shaped by abiotic constraints]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.27.316133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
THAP1 Modulates Oligodendrocyte Maturationby Regulating ECM Degradation in Lysosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.27.316133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms controlling myelination during CNS maturation play a pivotal role in the development and refinement of CNS circuits. The transcription factor THAP1 is essential for timing the inception of myelination during CNS maturation through a cell-autonomous role in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Here, we demonstrate that THAP1 modulates ECM composition by regulating glycosaminoglycan (GAG) catabolism within oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Thap1-/- OPCs accumulate and secrete excess GAGs, inhibiting their maturation through an auto-inhibitory mechanism. THAP1 controls GAG metabolism by binding to and regulating the GusB gene encoding {beta}-glucuronidase, a GAG-catabolic lysosomal enzyme. Applying GAG-degrading enzymes or overexpressing {beta}-glucuronidase rescues Thap1-/- OL maturation deficits in vitro and in vivo. Our studies establish lysosomal GAG catabolism within OPCs as a critical mechanism regulating oligodendrocyte development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yellajoshyula, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappas, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cookson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakkottai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauer, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.27.316133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[THAP1 Modulates Oligodendrocyte Maturationby Regulating ECM Degradation in Lysosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Boolean Implication Analysis Improves Prediction Accuracy of In Silico Gene Reporting of Retinal Cell Types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retina is a complex tissue containing multiple cell types that is essential for vision. Understanding the gene expression patterns of various retinal cell types has potential applications in regenerative medicine. Retinal organoids (optic vesicles) derived from pluripotent stem cells have begun to yield insights into the transcriptomics of developing retinal cell types in humans through single cell RNA-sequencing studies. Previous methods of gene reporting have relied upon techniques in vivo using microarray data, or correlational and dimension reduction methods for analyzing single cell RNA-sequencing data in silico. Here, we present a bioinformatic approach using Boolean implication to discover retinal cell type-specific genes. We apply this approach to previously published retina and retinal organoid datasets and improve upon previously published correlational methods. Our method improves the prediction accuracy and reproducibility of marker genes of retinal cell types and discovers several new high confidence cone and rod-specific genes. Furthermore, our method is general and can impact all areas of gene expression analyses in cancer and other human diseases.

Significance StatementEfforts to derive retinal cell types from pluripotent stem cells to the end of curing retinal disease require robust characterization of these cell types gene expression patterns. The Boolean method described in this study improves prediction accuracy of earlier methods of gene reporting, and allows for the discovery and validation of retinal cell type-specific marker genes. The invariant nature of results from Boolean implication analysis can yield high-value molecular markers that can be used as biomarkers or drug targets.

O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.317313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Boolean Implication Analysis Improves Prediction Accuracy of In Silico Gene Reporting of Retinal Cell Types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colwellia and Marinobacter metapangenomes reveal species-specific responses to oil and dispersant exposure in deepsea microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.28.317438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over 7 million liters of Corexit EC9500A and EC9527A were applied to the Gulf of Mexico in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The impacts of dispersants remain under debate and negative, positive, and inconclusive impacts have been reported. Here, metatrancriptomics was applied in the context of metapangenomes to microcosms that simulated environmental conditions comparable to the hydrocarbon-rich 1,100 m deep plume. Within this microcosm study, negative effects of dispersants on microbial hydrocarbon degradation were previously reported based on activity measurements and geochemical data. Transcriptional enrichment of Colwellia, a potential dispersant degrader, followed variable time-dependent trajectories due to interactions between oil, dispersants, and nutrients. The Colwellia metapangenome captured a mixture of environmental responses linked to the Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H genome and to the genomes of other members of the Colwellia genus. The activation of genes involved in lipid degradation, nitrogen metabolism, and membrane composition under oil or nutrient availability, suggested an opportunistic growth strategy for Colwellia. In contrast, transcripts of Marinobacter, a natural hydrocarbon degrader, increased only in oil treatments. Marinobacter transcripts largely recruited to the accessory metapangenome of Marinobacter sp. C18, the closest genomic reference. A complex response involving carbon and lipid metabolism, chemotaxis and a type IV secretion system suggested active energy-dependent processes in Marinobacter. These findings highlight chemistry-dependent responses in the metabolism of key hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and underscore that dispersant-driven selection could temper the ability of the community to respond to hydrocarbon injection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pena Montenegro, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleindienst, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eren, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Calderon, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joye, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.317438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colwellia and Marinobacter metapangenomes reveal species-specific responses to oil and dispersant exposure in deepsea microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.322594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Phaeodactylum tricornutum Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase was Acquired via Horizontal Gene Transfer from Bacteria and Displays Substrate Promiscuity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.322594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diatoms are predicted to synthesize certain amino acids within the chloroplast, including L-lysine via a diaminopimelate-dependent pathway. Herein, we report that the model diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, possesses a chimeric lysine biosynthetic pathway, which coalesces bacterial and plant genes, and is terminated by a chloroplast-localized diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC, PtLYSA). We show that while RNAi ablation of PtLYSA is either synthetically lethal or concomitant with a slower growth rate, Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of PtLYSA results in recovery of heterozygous cells lines, suggesting that PtLYSA is an essential gene. Previously characterized DAPDCs are unique within the PLP-dependent decarboxylases where catalysis occurs at the D-stereocenter of the substrate and display a strict stereochemical preference for a (D,L)- or meso-substrate and not the D,D- or L,L-isomers of diaminopimelate (DAP) to synthesize L-lysine. Using decarboxylation assays and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, we validate that PtLYSA is a bona fide DAPDC and uncover its unexpected stereopromiscuous behavior in substrate specificity. The crystal structure of PtLYSA confirms the enzyme is an obligate homodimer in which both protomers reciprocally participate in the active site. The structure underscores features unique to the PtLYSA clan of DAPDC and provides structural insight into the determinants responsible for the substrate-promiscuity observed in PtLYSA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bielinski, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moosburner, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garza, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fussy, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almo, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupont, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.01.322594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Phaeodactylum tricornutum Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase was Acquired via Horizontal Gene Transfer from Bacteria and Displays Substrate Promiscuity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.326843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier by Light Stimulation of Molecular-Targeted Nanoparticles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.05.326843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the entry of molecules into the brain by tight junctions that seals the paracellular space and receptor-mediated transcytosis. It remains elusive to selectively modulate these mechanisms and to overcome BBB without significant neurotoxicity. Here we report that light stimulation of tight junction-targeted plasmonic nanoparticles selectively opens up the paracellular route to allow diffusion through the compromised tight junction and into the brain parenchyma. The BBB modulation does not impair vascular dynamics and associated neurovascular coupling, or cause significant neural injury. It further allows antibody and adeno-associated virus delivery into local brain regions. This novel method offers the first evidence of selectively modulating BBB tight junctions and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions in the central nervous system.

One Sentence SummaryGentle stimulation of molecular-targeted nanoparticles selectively opens up the paracellular pathway and allows macromolecules and gene therapy vectors into the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vemireddy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayenga, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirsi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dejana, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachoo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.05.326843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier by Light Stimulation of Molecular-Targeted Nanoparticles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.323634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Clonal Live SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro Neutralization by Antibodies Isolated from Severe COVID-19 Convalescent Donors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.323634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interactions between antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and protective immunity. To understand the differences between antibody responses in mild versus severe cases of COVID-19, we analyzed the B cell responses in patients 1.5 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe and not mild infection correlated with high titers of IgG against Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) that were capable of viral inhibition. B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing revealed two VH genes, VH3-38 and VH3-53, that were enriched during severe infection. Of the 22 antibodies cloned from two severe donors, six exhibited potent neutralization against live SARS-CoV-2, and inhibited syncytia formation. Using peptide libraries, competition ELISA and RBD mutagenesis, we mapped the epitopes of the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to three different sites on the Spike. Finally, we used combinations of nAbs targeting different immune-sites to efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis of 49 healthy BCR repertoires revealed that the nAbs germline VHJH precursors comprise up to 2.7% of all VHJHs. We demonstrate that severe COVID-19 is associated with unique BCR signatures and multi-clonal neutralizing responses that are relatively frequent in the population. Moreover, our data support the use of combination antibody therapy to prevent and treat COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werbner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chomsky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hada-Neeman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polonsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roitburd-Berman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Shalom, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafael, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershoni, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobiler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimhony, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dassau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gal-Tanamy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.323634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Clonal Live SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro Neutralization by Antibodies Isolated from Severe COVID-19 Convalescent Donors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antinociceptive, hypothermic, and appetitive effects of vaped and injected Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats: exposure and dose-effect comparisons by strain and sex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.06.327312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in drug vapor exposure systems utilizing e-cigarette technology have enabled evaluation of {Delta}-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor effects in laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to 1) establish a range of parameters of THC vapor exposure in rats sufficient to produce a behavioral dose-effect curve in a battery of tasks sensitive to THC; 2) to investigate sex differences in the effects of THC vapor exposure and THC injection (intraperitoneal, IP) on these behaviors in two strains of outbred rats. Male and female Wistar and Sprague Dawley rats (N=22, 5-6/group) received THC via IP injection (1-20 mg/kg) and passive exposure to THC vapor (200 mg/ml; 5 conditions) in a within subject design. The effects of vaped and injected THC were determined using the tail-withdrawal assay for nociception, rectal measurements of body temperature, and progressive-ratio responding for food pellets. Plasma THC concentrations were assessed after 10 mg/kg IP THC or THC vapor. THC produced dose and exposure-dependent antinociception and hypothermia. THC vapor produced inverted U-shaped effects in motivation to obtain food, while IP THC reduced PR breakpoints. Plasma THC concentrations were higher after 10 mg/kg IP THC (152 ng/mL) compared to the highest vapor exposure condition tested (38 ng/mL). THC vapor exposure produces reliable, dose-orderly effects on nociception, body temperature, and food-maintained behavior that is comparable to effects observed after IP THC. There are considerable differences between the time course of behavioral outcomes produced by these two different routes of administration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weerts, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.327312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antinociceptive, hypothermic, and appetitive effects of vaped and injected Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in rats: exposure and dose-effect comparisons by strain and sex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.330175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FARCI: Fast and Robust Connectome Inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.330175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inference of neuronal connectome from large-scale neuronal activity recordings, such as two-photon Calcium imaging, represents an active area of research in computational neuroscience. In this work, we developed FARCI (Fast and Robust Connectome Inference), a MATLAB package for neuronal connectome inference from high-dimensional two-photon Calcium fluorescence data. We employed partial correlations as a measure of the functional association strength between pairs of neurons to reconstruct a neuronal connectome. We demonstrated using gold standard datasets from the Neural Connectomics Challenge (NCC) that FARCI provides an accurate connectome and its performance is robust to network sizes, missing neurons, and noise levels. Moreover, FARCI is computationally efficient and highly scalable to large networks. In comparison to the best performing algorithm in the NCC, FARCI produces more accurate networks over different network sizes and subsampling, while providing over two orders of magnitude faster computational speed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meamardoost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mewes, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.07.330175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FARCI: Fast and Robust Connectome Inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.330464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thousands of previously unknown phages discovered in whole-community human gut metagenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.330464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDouble-stranded DNA bacteriophages (dsDNA phages) play pivotal roles in structuring human gut microbiomes; yet, the gut phageome is far from being fully characterized, and additional groups of phages, including highly abundant ones, continue to be discovered by metagenome mining. A multilevel framework for taxonomic classification of viruses was recently adopted, facilitating the classification of phages into evolutionary informative taxonomic units based on hallmark genes. Together with advanced approaches for sequence assembly and powerful methods of sequence analysis, this revised framework offers the opportunity to discover and classify unknown phage taxa in the human gut.

ResultsA search of human gut metagenomes for circular contigs encoding phage hallmark genes resulted in the identification of 3,738 apparently complete phage genomes that represent 451 putative genera. Several of these phage genera are only distantly related to previously identified phages and are likely to found new families. Two of the candidate families, "Flandersviridae" and "Quimbyviridae", include some of the most common and abundant members of the human gut virome that infect Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Prevotella. The third proposed family, "Gratiaviridae", consists of less abundant phages that are distantly related to the families Autographiviridae, Drexlerviridae and Chaseviridae. Analysis of CRISPR spacers indicates that phages of all three putative families infect bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Comparative genomic analysis of the three candidate phage families revealed features without precedent in phage genomes. Some "Quimbyviridae" phages possess Diversity-Generating Retroelements (DGRs) that generate hypervariable target genes nested within defense-related genes, whereas the previously known targets of phage-encoded DGRs are structural genes. Several "Flandersviridae" phages encode enzymes of the isoprenoid pathway, a lipid biosynthesis pathway that so far has not been known to be manipulated by phages. The "Gratiaviridae" phages encode a HipA-family protein kinase and glycosyltransferase, suggesting these phages modify the host cell wall, preventing superinfection by other phages. Hundreds of phages in these three and other families are shown to encode catalases and iron-sequestering enzymes that can be predicted to enhance cellular tolerance to reactive oxygen species.

ConclusionsAnalysis of phage genomes identified in whole-community human gut metagenomes resulted in the delineation of at least three new candidate families of Caudovirales and revealed diverse putative mechanisms underlying phage-host interactions in the human gut. Addition of these phylogenetically classified, diverse and distinct phages to public databases will facilitate taxonomic decomposition and functional characterization of human gut viromes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yutin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antipov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raykov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmakov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gussow, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koonin, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.07.330464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thousands of previously unknown phages discovered in whole-community human gut metagenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.330498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural network dynamics underlying gamma synchronization deficits in schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.330498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gamma band (40-Hz) activity is associated with many sensory and cognitive functions, and is critical for cortico-cortical transmission and the integration of information across neural networks. The capacity to support gamma band activity can be indexed by the auditory steady-state response (ASSR); schizophrenia patients have selectively reduced synchrony to 40-Hz stimulation. While 40-Hz ASSR is a translatable electroencephalographic biomarker with emerging utility for therapeutic development for neuropsychiatric disorders, the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the ASSR have not yet been characterized. In this study, a novel Granger causality analysis was applied to assess the propagation of gamma oscillations in response to 40-Hz steady-state stimulation across cortical sources in schizophrenia patients (n=426) and healthy comparison subjects (n=293). Results revealed distinct, hierarchically sequenced temporal and spatial response dynamics underlying gamma synchronization deficits in patients. During the response onset interval, patients exhibited abnormal connectivity of superior temporal and frontal gyri, followed by decreased information flow from superior temporal to middle cingulate gyrus. In the later (300-500 ms) interval of the ASSR response, patients showed significantly increased connectivity from superior temporal to middle frontal gyrus followed by broad failures to engage multiple prefrontal brain regions. In conclusion, these findings reveal the rapid disorganization of neural circuit functioning in response to simple gamma-frequency stimulation in schizophrenia patients. Deficits in the generation and maintenance of gamma-band oscillations in schizophrenia reflect a fundamental connectivity abnormality across a distributed network of temporo-frontal networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koshiyama, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyakoshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka-Koshiyama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Light, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.07.330498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural network dynamics underlying gamma synchronization deficits in schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.331918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intercellular telomere transfer extends T cell lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.331918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The common view is that T-lymphocytes activate telomerase, a DNA polymerase that extends telomeres at chromosome ends, to delay senescence. We show that independently of telomerase, T cells elongate telomeres by acquiring telomere vesicles from antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Upon contact with T cells, APCs degraded shelterin to donate telomeres, which were cleaved by TZAP, and then transferred in extracellular vesicles (EVs) at the immunological synapse. Telomere vesicles retained the Rad51 recombination factor that enabled them to fuse with T cell chromosomal ends causing an average lengthening of [~]3000 base pairs. Thus, we identify a previously unknown telomere transfer program that supports T cell lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuotto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valvo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Ambra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiurchiu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borsellino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilroy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dustin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.331918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intercellular telomere transfer extends T cell lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.11.335273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiC-DC+: systematic 3D interaction calls and differential analysis for Hi-C and HiChIP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.11.335273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present HiC-DC+, a software tool for Hi-C/Hi-ChIP interaction calling and differential analysis using an efficient implementation of the HiC-DC statistical framework. HiC-DC+ integrates with popular preprocessing and visualization tools, includes TAD and A/B compartment callers, and outperformed existing tools in H3K27ac HiChIP benchmarking as validated by CRISPRi-FlowFISH. Differential HiC-DC+ analysis recovered global principles of 3D organization during cohesin perturbation and differentiation, including TAD aggregation, enhancer hubs, and promoter-enhancer loop dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Deynze, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koche, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.11.335273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiC-DC+: systematic 3D interaction calls and differential analysis for Hi-C and HiChIP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.11.335315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion of gamma-butyrolactone signaling molecule biosynthesis to phosphotriester natural products 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.11.335315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial hormones, such as the iconic gamma-butyrolactone A-factor, are essential signaling molecules that regulate diverse physiological processes, including specialized metabolism. These low molecular weight compounds are common in Streptomyces species and display species-specific structural differences. Recently, unusual gamma-butyrolactone natural products called salinipostins were isolated from the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora based on their anti-malarial properties. As the salinipostins possess a rare phosphotriester motif of unknown biosynthetic origin, we set out to explore its construction by the widely conserved 9-gene spt operon in Salinispora species. We show through a series of in vivo and in vitro studies that the spt gene cluster dually encodes the saliniphostins and newly identified A-factor-like gamma-butyrolactones (Sal-GBLs). Remarkably, homologous biosynthetic gene clusters are widely distributed amongst many actinomycete genera, including Streptomyces, suggesting the significance of this operon in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kudo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awakawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creamer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linington, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.11.335315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion of gamma-butyrolactone signaling molecule biosynthesis to phosphotriester natural products]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.336974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ELOVL2 is required for robust visual function in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.336974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in membrane stability and cell signaling within the retina. Elovl2, an elongase involved in synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), has recently been implicated in regulating aging in the mammalian retina. In this work, we characterize the expression and function of elovl2 in retina development in embryonic zebrafish. Whole mount in situ hybridization shows elovl2 is expressed in the Muller glia in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Lipidomics analysis of elovl2 crispants whole embryos at day 2 and eyes at day 7 demonstrated significant changes in lipids composition, especially on the level of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Histological analysis of zebrafish lacking elovl2 revealed increased retinal thickness compared to controls at day 7 without gross disruptions of retinal architecture. Finally, elovl2 crispants showed differences in the visual motor reflex light off (VMR-OFF) at day 7 compared to controls. In sum, inactivation of elovl2 in zebrafish embryos caused changes in lipid composition and in visual behavior further confirming the important role of LC-PUFAs in healthy vision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dasyani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Fossan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.13.336974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ELOVL2 is required for robust visual function in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.340349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transfer function for YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation revealed through spatial systems modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.340349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
YAP/TAZ is a master regulator of mechanotransduction whose functions rely on translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to diverse physical cues. Substrate stiffness, substrate dimensionality, and cell shape are all input signals for YAP/TAZ, and through this pathway, regulate critical cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. Yet, the relative contributions of each biophysical signal and the mechanisms by which they synergistically regulate YAP/TAZ in realistic tissue microenvironments that provide multiplexed input signals remains unclear. For example, in simple 2D culture, YAP/TAZ nuclear localization correlates strongly with substrate stiffness, while in 3D environments, YAP/TAZ translocation can increase with stiffness, decrease with stiffness, or remain unchanged. Here, we develop a spatial model of YAP/TAZ translocation to enable quantitative analysis of the relationships between substrate stiffness, substrate dimensionality, and cell shape. Our model couples cytosolic stiffness to nuclear mechanics to replicate existing experimental trends, and extends beyond current data to predict that increasing substrate activation area through changes in culture dimensionality, while conserving cell volume, forces distinct shape changes that result in nonlinear effect on YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. Moreover, differences in substrate activation area versus total membrane area can account for counterintuitive trends in YAP/TAZ nuclear localization in 3D culture. Based on this multiscale investigation of the different system features of YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation, we predict that how a cell reads its environment is a complex information transfer function of multiple mechanical and biochemical factors. These predictions reveal design principles of cellular and tissue engineering for YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEIn chemical engineering, a transfer function is a mathematical function that models the output of a reactor for all possible inputs, and enables the reliable design and operation of complex reaction systems. Here, we apply this principle to cells to derive the transfer function by which substrate stiffness is converted into YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. This function is defined by a spatial model of the YAP/TAZ mechano-chemical sensing network, wherein key spatial and physical inputs to the system, namely cell and nuclear shape, surface area to volume ratios of cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, substrate dimensionality, substrate activation area, and substrate stiffness, are all integrated. The resulting model accounts for seemingly contradictory experimental trends and lends new insight into controlling YAP/TAZ signalling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.340349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transfer function for YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation revealed through spatial systems modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.341701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome signatures in a fast and slow progressing gastric cancer murine model and their contribution to gastric carcinogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.341701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gastric cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and Helicobacter spp. being one of the main factors responsible for development of cancer. Alongside Helicobacter the microbiota of the stomach mucosa may also play an important role in gastric cancer progression. Previously we had established that MyD88 deficient mice rapidly progressed to neoplasia when infected with H. felis. Thus, in order to assess the role of microbiota in gastric cancer progression we measured the changes in microbial diversity of the stomach in mice with different genotypic backgrounds (Wild type (WT), MyD88 deficient (MyD88-/-), mice deficient in the Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-{beta} (TRIF, Triflps2), and MyD88 and Trif deficient (MyD88-/- and Trif-/-)double knockout (DKO) mice), both in uninfected and Helicobacter infected mice and its correlation of these changes with gastric cancer progression. We observed that there was an overall reduction in microbial diversity post infection with H. felis across all genotypes. Campylobacterales were observed in all infected mice, with marked reduction in abundance at 3 and 6 months in MyD88-/- mice. This low abundance of H. pylori could facilitate dominance of other organisms of microbiome like Lactobacilliales. A sharp increase in Lactobacilliales in infected MyD88-/- and DKO mice at 3 and 6 months was observed as compared to Trif-/- and WT mice suggesting its possible role in gastric cancer progression. This was further reinforced upon comparison of Lactobacillus ratio with histological data suggesting that Lactobacillales is closely associated with Helicobacter infection and gastric cancer progression. Thus, this study firstly suggests that difference in genotypes could define the stomach microbiome and make it more susceptible to development of gastric cancer upon Helicobacter infections. Secondly the increase in Lactobacillales could contribute to faster development of gastric cancer and serve as a probable bio marker for fast progressing form of gastric cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obonyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.341701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome signatures in a fast and slow progressing gastric cancer murine model and their contribution to gastric carcinogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342204v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic analysis of the salinipostin γ-butyrolactone gene cluster uncovers new potential for bacterial signaling-molecule diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342204v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria communicate by small-molecule chemicals that facilitate intra- and inter-species interactions. These extracellular signaling molecules mediate diverse processes including virulence, bioluminescence, biofilm formation, motility, and specialized metabolism. The signaling molecules produced by members of the phylum Actinobacteria are generally comprised of {gamma}-butyrolactones, {gamma}-butenolides, and furans. The best known actinomycete {gamma}-butyrolactone is A-factor, which triggers specialized metabolism and morphological differentiation in the genus Streptomyces. Salinipostins A-K are unique {gamma}-butyrolactone molecules with rare phosphotriester moieties that were recently characterized from the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora. The production of these compounds has been linked to the 9-gene biosynthetic gene cluster spt. Critical to salinipostin assembly is the {gamma}-butyrolactone synthase encoded by spt9. Here, we report the global distribution of spt9 among sequenced bacterial genomes, revealing a surprising diversity of gene homologs across 12 bacterial phyla, the majority of which are not known to produce {gamma}-butyrolactones. Further analyses uncovered a large group of spt-like gene clusters outside of the genus Salinispora, suggesting the production of new salinipostin-like diversity. These gene clusters show evidence of horizontal transfer between many bacterial taxa and location specific homologous recombination exchange among Salinispora strains. The results suggest that {gamma}-butyrolactone production may be more widespread than previously recognized. The identification of new {gamma}-butyrolactone biosynthetic gene clusters is the first step towards understanding the regulatory roles of the encoded small molecules in Actinobacteria.

ImportanceSignaling molecules orchestrate a wide variety of bacterial behaviors. Among Actinobacteria, {gamma}-butyrolactones mediate morphological changes and regulate specialized metabolism. Despite their importance, few {gamma}-butyrolactones have been linked to their cognate biosynthetic gene clusters. A new series of {gamma}-butyrolactones called the salinipostins was recently identified from the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora and linked to the spt biosynthetic gene cluster. Here we report the detection of spt-like gene clusters in diverse bacterial families not known for the production of this class of compounds. This finding expands the taxonomic range of bacteria that may employ this class of compounds and provides opportunities to discover new compounds associated with chemical communication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Creamer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.342204</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic analysis of the salinipostin γ-butyrolactone gene cluster uncovers new potential for bacterial signaling-molecule diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multivariate genomic analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genes related to addiction, antisocial behavior, and health 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation, such as substance use, antisocial conduct, and ADHD, are collectively referred to as externalizing and have a shared genetic liability. We applied a multivariate approach that leverages genetic correlations among externalizing traits for genome-wide association analyses. By pooling data from ~1.5 million people, our approach is statistically more powerful than single-trait analyses and identifies more than 500 genetic loci. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in the brain and related to nervous system development. A polygenic score constructed from our results captures variation in a broad range of behavioral and medical outcomes that were not part of our genome-wide analyses, including traits that until now lacked well-performing polygenic scores, such as opioid use disorder, suicide, HIV infections, criminal convictions, and unemployment. Our findings are consistent with the idea that persistent difficulties in self-regulation can be conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karlsson Linner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallard, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madole, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driver, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poore, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotzinger, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tielbeek, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kember, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verweij, K. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrieze, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranzler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullan Harris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker-Drob, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koellinger, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.342501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multivariate genomic analysis of 1.5 million people identifies genes related to addiction, antisocial behavior, and health]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.17.344002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.17.344002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type-II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19. Infected ALO-monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection, whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2[-&gt;]AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both. Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19, which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis and vet new therapies and vaccines.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=176 SRC="FIGDIR/small/344002v4_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d1507aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@faa17forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@80ceb1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@81d61c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIHuman lung organoids with mixed proximodistal epithelia are created
C_LIO_LIProximal airway cells are critical for viral infectivity
C_LIO_LIDistal alveolar cells are important for emulating host response
C_LIO_LIBoth are required for the overzealous response in severe COVID-19
C_LI

IN BRIEFAn integrated stem cell-based disease modeling and computational approach demonstrate how both proximal airway epithelium is critical for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, but distal differentiation of alveolar pneumocytes is critical for simulating the overzealous host response in fatal COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claire, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty Alexander, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tipps, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thistlethwaite, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.17.344002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.345710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-Time Observation of Structure and Dynamics during the Liquid-to-Solid Transition of FUS LC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.345710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many of the proteins found in pathological protein fibrils also exhibit tendencies for liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) both in vitro and in cells. The mechanisms underlying the connection between these phase transitions have been challenging to study due to the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the states formed during the maturation of LLPS protein droplets into gels and solid aggregates. Here, we interrogate the liquid-to-solid transition of the low complexity domain of the RNA binding protein FUS (FUS LC), which has been shown to adopt LLPS, gel-like, and amyloid states. We employ magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy which has allowed us to follow these transitions in real time and with residue specific resolution. We observe the development of {beta}-sheet structure through the maturation process and show that the final state of FUS LC fibrils produced through LLPS is distinct from that grown from fibrillar seeds. We also apply our methodology to FUS LC G156E, a clinically relevant FUS mutant that exhibits accelerated fibrillization rates. We observe significant changes in dynamics during the transformation of the FUS LC G156E construct and begin to unravel the sequence specific contributions to this phenomenon with computational studies of the phase separated state of FUS LC and FUS LC G156E.

SignificanceThe presence of protein aggregates and plaques in the brain is a common pathological sign of neurodegenerative disease. Recent work has revealed that many of the proteins found in these aggregates can also form liquid-liquid droplets and gels. While the interconversion from one state to another can have vast implications for cell function and disease, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these processes are not well understood. Here, we combine MAS NMR spectroscopy with other biophysical and computational tools to follow the transitions of the stress response protein FUS. This approach has allowed us to observe real-time changes in structure and dynamics as the protein undergoes these transitions, and to reveal the intricate effects of disease-relevant mutations on the transformation process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berkeley, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashefi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.345710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-Time Observation of Structure and Dynamics during the Liquid-to-Solid Transition of FUS LC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.345850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclic-di-GMP induces STING-dependent ILC2 to ILC1 shift during innate type 2 lung inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.345850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 2 inflammation is found in most forms of asthma, which may co-exist with recurrent viral infections, bacterial colonization, and host cell death. These processes drive the accumulation of intracellular cyclic-di-nucleotides such as cyclic-di-GMP (CDG). Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical drivers of type 2 lung inflammation during fungal allergen exposure in mice; however, it is unclear how CDG regulates lung ILC responses during lung inflammation. Here, we show that CDG induced early airway type 1 interferon (IFN) production and dramatically suppressed both lung proliferating CD127+ST2+ ILC2s and Alternaria- and IL-33-induced lung inflammation. Further, transcriptomic analysis of CD127-ST2- Thy1.2+ ILCs, which were expanded and activated by CDG, revealed an ILC1 signature. CDG administration led to accumulation of IFN{gamma}+ and T-bet+ ILC1s, as well as neutrophilia, independent of IL-18R, IL-12, and STAT6 but dependent on stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and partially dependent on type 1 IFN signaling. Thus, CDG potently suppresses ILC2-driven lung inflammation and promotes ILC1 responses. These results suggest potential therapeutic modulation of STING to suppress type 2 inflammation and/or increase anti-viral responses during respiratory infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cavagnero, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badrani, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naji, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacasa, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strohm, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amadeo, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.345850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclic-di-GMP induces STING-dependent ILC2 to ILC1 shift during innate type 2 lung inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian benefits of exercise training reflect metabolic and structural flexibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structured AbstractO_ST_ABSObjectiveC_ST_ABSExercise is a critical component of a healthy lifestyle and a key strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic disease. Identifying molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation in response to chronic physical activity is of critical interest in metabolic physiology. Circadian rhythms broadly modulate metabolism, including muscle substrate utilization and exercise capacity. Here, we define the molecular and physiological changes induced across the daily cycle by voluntary low intensity daily exercise.

MethodsWildtype c57BL6/J male and female mice were housed with or without access to a running wheel for six weeks. Maximum running speed was measured at four different zeitgeber times (ZTs, hours after lights on) using either electrical or manual stimulation to motivate continued running on a motorized treadmill. RNA isolated from plantaris muscles at six ZTs was sequenced to establish the impact of daily activity on genome-wide transcription. Patterns of gene expression were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Detection of Differential Rhythmicity (DODR). Blood glucose, lactate, and ketones, and muscle and liver glycogen were measured before and after exercise.

ResultsWe demonstrate that the use of mild electrical shocks to motivate running negatively impacts maximum running speed and describe a manual method to motivate running in rodent exercise studies. Using this method, we show that time of day influences the increase in exercise capacity afforded by six weeks of voluntary wheel running: when maximum running speed is measured at the beginning of the nighttime active period in mice, there is no measurable benefit from a history of daily voluntary running, while maximum increase in performance occurs at the end of the night. We show that daily voluntary exercise dramatically remodels the muscle circadian transcriptome. Finally, we describe daily rhythms in carbohydrate metabolism associated with the timedependent response to moderate daily exercise.

ConclusionsCollectively, these data indicate that chronic nighttime physical activity dramatically remodels daily rhythms of muscle gene expression, which in turn support daily fluctuations in exercise performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duglan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova Vallve, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handzlik, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liddle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pariollaud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afetian, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamia, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian benefits of exercise training reflect metabolic and structural flexibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis defines roles for two metal ions in DNA polymerase specificity and catalysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We examined the roles of Mg2+ ions in DNA polymerization by kinetic analysis of single nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by HIV reverse transcriptase and by molecular dynamics simulation of Mg2+ binding. Binding of the Mg-nucleotide complex induces a conformational change of the enzyme from open to closed states in a process that is independent of free Mg2+ concentration. Subsequently, the second Mg2+ binds weakly to the closed state of the enzyme-DNA-Mg.dNTP complex with an apparent Kd = 3.7 mM and facilitates the catalytic reaction. This weak binding of the catalytic Mg2+ is important to maintain fidelity in that the Mg2+ samples the correctly aligned substrate without perturbing the equilibrium at physiological Mg2+ concentrations. The binding of the catalytic Mg2+ increases nucleotide specificity (kcat/Km) by increasing the rate of the chemistry and decreasing the rate of enzyme opening allowing nucleotide release. Changing the free Mg2+ concentration from 0.25 to 10 mM increased nucleotide specificity (kcat/Km) by 12-fold. Mg2+ binds very weakly to the open state of the enzyme in the absence of nucleotide (Kd {approx} 34 mM) and competes with Mg.dNTP. Analysis based on publish crystal structures showed that HIV RT binds only two metal ions during incorporation of a correct base-pair. MD simulations support the kinetic studies suggesting weak binding of the catalytic Mg2+ in open and closed states. They also support the two-metal ion mechanism, although the polymerase may bind a third metal ion in the presence of a mismatched nucleotide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirmizialtin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.347138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis defines roles for two metal ions in DNA polymerase specificity and catalysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of pigmentation gene knock-outs by CRISPR as potential targets for the genetic engineering of Culex quinquefasciatus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.349704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are a globally widespread vector of several human and animal pathogens. Their biology and behavior allow them to thrive in proximity to urban areas, rendering them a constant public health threat. Their mixed bird/mammal feeding behavior further offers a vehicle for zoonotic pathogens transmission to people, and separately, poses a threat to the conservation of insular birds. The advent of CRISPR has led to the development of novel technologies for the genetic engineering of wild mosquito populations, yet research in Culex quinquefasciatus has been lagging compared to other disease vectors. Here we use this tool to disrupt a set of five pigmentation genes in Culex quinquefasciatus that, when altered, lead to visible, homozygous-viable phenotypes. We further validate this approach in separate laboratories and in two distinct strains of Culex quinquefasciatus that are relevant to potential future public health and bird conservation applications. We generate a double-mutant line, demonstrating the possibility of sequentially combining multiple such mutations in a single individual. Lastly, we target two loci, doublesex in the sex-determination pathway and proboscipedia a hox gene, demonstrating the flexibility of these methods applied to novel targets. Our work provides a platform of seven validated loci that could be used for targeted mutagenesis in Culex quinquefasciatus and the future development of genetic suppression strategies for this species. Furthermore, the mutant lines generated here could have widespread utility to the research community using this model organism, as they could be used as targets for transgene delivery, where a copy of the disrupted gene could be included as an easily-scored transgenesis marker.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kambic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimoto, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denton, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.349704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of pigmentation gene knock-outs by CRISPR as potential targets for the genetic engineering of Culex quinquefasciatus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.22.350298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multivariate genome-wide association study identifies 1735 unique genetic loci associated with cortical morphology. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.22.350298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain morphology has been shown to be highly heritable, yet only a small portion of the heritability is explained by the genetic variants discovered so far. Here we exploit the distributed nature of genetic effects across the brain and apply the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest) to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of vertex-wise structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cortical measures from N=35,657 participants in the UK Biobank. We identified 695 loci for cortical surface area and 539 for cortical thickness, in total 780 unique genetic loci associated with cortical morphology. This reflects an approximate 10-fold increase compared to the commonly applied univariate GWAS methods. Power analysis indicates that applying MOSTest to vertex-wise structural MRI data triples the effective sample size compared to conventional univariate GWAS approaches. Functional follow up including gene-based analyses implicate 10% of all protein-coding genes and point towards pathways involved in neurogenesis and cell differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seibert, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeland, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hindley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlye, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.22.350298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multivariate genome-wide association study identifies 1735 unique genetic loci associated with cortical morphology.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.22.351379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distributed Phase Oscillatory Excitation Efficiently Produces Attractors Using Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.22.351379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain is thought to represent information in the form of activity in distributed groups of neurons known as attractors, but it is not clear how attractors are formed or used in processing. We show here that in a randomly connected network of simulated spiking neurons, periodic stimulation of neurons with distributed phase offsets, along with standard spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP), efficiently creates distributed attractors. These attractors may have a consistent ordered firing pattern, or become disordered, depending on the conditions. We also show that when two such attractors are stimulated in sequence, the same STDP mechanism can create a directed association between them, forming the basis of an associative network. We find that for an STDP time constant of 20ms, the dependence of the efficiency of attractor creation on the driving frequency has a broad peak centered around 8Hz. Upon restimulation, the attractors selfoscillate, but with an oscillation frequency that is higher than the driving frequency, ranging from 10-100Hz.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.22.351379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distributed Phase Oscillatory Excitation Efficiently Produces Attractors Using Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.356410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A β-catenin-driven switch in TCF/LEF transcription factor binding to DNA targets sites promotes commitment of mammalian nephron progenitor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.26.356410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The canonical Wnt pathway transcriptional co-activator {beta}-catenin regulates self-renewal and differentiation of mammalian nephron progenitor cells (NPCs). We modulated {beta}-catenin levels in NPC cultures using the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR9902 (CHIR) to examine opposing developmental actions of {beta}-catenin. Low CHIR-mediated maintenance and expansion of NPCs is independent of direct engagement of TCF/LEF/ {beta}-catenin transcriptional complexes at low-CHIR dependent cell-cycle targets. In contrast, in high CHIR, TCF7/LEF1/{beta}-catenin complexes replaced TCF7L1/TCF7L2 binding on enhancers of differentiation-promoting target genes. Chromosome confirmation studies showed pre-established promoter-enhancer connections to these target genes in NPCs. High CHIR-associated de novo looping was observed in positive transcriptional feedback regulation to the canonical Wnt pathway. Thus, {beta}-catenins direct transcriptional role is restricted to the induction of NPCs where rising {beta}-catenin levels switch inhibitory TCF7L1/TCF7L2 complexes to activating LEF1/TCF7 complexes at primed gene targets poised for rapid initiation of a nephrogenic program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ransick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugacov, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindstrom, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oxburgh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.356410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A β-catenin-driven switch in TCF/LEF transcription factor binding to DNA targets sites promotes commitment of mammalian nephron progenitor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.357442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using a betting game to reveal the rich nature of visual working memories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.357442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When we ask people to hold a color in working memory, what do they store? Do they remember colors as point estimates (e.g. a particular shade of red) or are memory representations richer, such as uncertainty distributions over feature space? We developed a novel paradigm (a betting game) to measure the nature of working memory representations. Participants were shown a set of colored circles and, after a brief memory delay, asked about one of the objects. Rather than reporting a single color, participants placed multiple bets to create distributions in color space. The dispersion of bets was correlated with performance, indicating that participants internal uncertainty guided bet placement. Furthermore, relative to the first response, memory performance improved when averaging across multiple bets, showing that memories contain more information than can be conveyed in a single response. Finally, information about the item in memory was present in subsequent responses even when the first response would generally be classified as a guess or report of an incorrect item, suggesting that such failures are not all-or-none. Thus, memory representations are more than noisy point estimates; they are surprisingly rich and probabilistic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jabar, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreenivasan, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lentzou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanabar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fougnie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.357442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using a betting game to reveal the rich nature of visual working memories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural basis of opioid-induced respiratory depression and its rescue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.28.359893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) causes death following an opioid overdose, yet the neurobiological mechanisms of this process are not well understood. Here, we show that neurons within the lateral parabrachial nucleus that express the -opioid receptor (PBLOprm1 neurons) are involved in OIRD pathogenesis. PBLOprm1 neuronal activity is tightly correlated with respiratory rate, and this correlation is abolished following morphine injection. Chemogenetic inactivation of PBLOprm1 neurons mimics OIRD in mice, whereas their chemogenetic activation following morphine injection rescues respiratory rhythms to baseline levels. We identified several excitatory G-protein coupled receptors expressed by PBLOprm1 neurons and show that agonists for these receptors restore breathing rates in mice experiencing OIRD. Thus, PBLOprm1 neurons are critical for OIRD pathogenesis, providing a promising therapeutic target for treating OIRD in patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmiter, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banghart, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.28.359893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural basis of opioid-induced respiratory depression and its rescue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.359265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optogenetic interrogation of the role of striatal patches in habit formation and inhibition of striatal dopamine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.359265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Habits are inflexible behaviors that can be maladaptive in diseases including drug addiction. The striatum is integral to habit formation, and interspersed throughout the striatum are patches, or striosomes, which are characterized by unique gene expression relative to the surrounding matrix. Recent work has indicated that patches are necessary for habit formation, but how patches contribute to habits remains partially understood. Here, using optogenetics, we modulated striatal patches in Sepw1-NP67 mice during habit formation. We find that patch activation during operant training impairs habit formation, and conversely, that acute patch stimulation after reward devaluation can drive habitual reward seeking. Patch stimulation invigorates general locomotion but is not inherently rewarding. Finally, we use fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to demonstrate that patch stimulation suppresses dopamine release in dorsal striatum in vivo. Overall, this work provides novel insight into the role of the patch compartment in habit formation, and potential interactions with dopamine signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nadel, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawelko, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollon, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.359265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optogenetic interrogation of the role of striatal patches in habit formation and inhibition of striatal dopamine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.360081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Infant functional connectivity fingerprints predict long-term language and pre-literacy outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.360081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional brain networks undergo extensive development within the first few years of life. Previous studies have linked infant functional connectivity to cognitive abilities in toddlerhood. However, little is known regarding the long-term relevance of functional connections established in infancy for the protracted development of higher-order abilities of language and literacy. Employing a five-year longitudinal imaging project starting in infancy, this study utilizes resting-state functional MRI to demonstrate prospective associations between infant functional connectivity fingerprints and subsequent language and foundational literacy skills at a mean age of 6.5. These longitudinal associations are preserved when key environmental influences are controlled for and are independent of emergent language abilities in infancy, suggesting early development of functional network characteristics in supporting the acquisition of high-order language and pre-literacy skills. Altogether, the current results highlight the importance of functional organization established in infancy as a neural scaffold underlying the learning process of complex cognitive functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferradal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sliva, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunstan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carruthers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanfilippo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zollei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagoski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaab, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.360081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Infant functional connectivity fingerprints predict long-term language and pre-literacy outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.361394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unsupervised Learning of Brain State Dynamics during Emotion Imagery using High-Density EEG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.361394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we assume that emotional states correspond to functional dynamic states of brain and body, and attempt to characterize the appearance of these states in high-density scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings acquired from 31 participants during 1-2 hour sessions, each including fifteen 3-5 min periods of self-induced emotion imagination using the method of guided imagery. EEG offers an objective and high-resolution measurement of whatever portion of cortical electrical dynamics is resolvable from scalp recordings. Despite preliminary progress in EEG-based emotion decoding using supervised machine learning methods, few studies have applied data-driven, unsupervised decomposition approaches to investigate the underlying EEG dynamics by characterizing brain temporal dynamics during emotional experience. This study applies an unsupervised approach - adaptive mixture independent component analysis (adaptive mixture ICA, AMICA) that learns a set of ICA models each accounted for portions of a given multi-channel EEG recording. We demonstrate that 20-model AMICA decomposition can identify distinct EEG patterns or dynamic states active during each of the fifteen emotion-imagery periods. The transition in EEG patterns revealed the time-courses of brain-state dynamics during emotional imagery. These time-courses varied across emotions: "grief" and "happiness" showed more abrupt transitions while "contentment" was nearly indistinguishable from the preceding rest period. The spatial distributions of independent components (ICs) of the AMICA models showed higher similarity within-subject across emotions than within-emotion across subjects. No significant differences in IC distributions were found between positive and negative emotions. However, significant changes in IC distributions during emotional imagery compared to rest were identified in brain areas such as the left prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the motor cortex, and the visual cortex. The study demonstrates the feasibility of AMICA in modeling high-density and nonstationary EEG and its utility in providing data-driven insights into brain state dynamics during self-paced emotional experiences, which have been difficult to measure. This approach can advance our understanding of highly dynamical emotional processes and improve the performance of EEG-based emotion decoding for affective computing and human-computer interaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, T.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.361394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unsupervised Learning of Brain State Dynamics during Emotion Imagery using High-Density EEG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.337758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leapfrog dynamics in phage-bacteria coevolution revealed by joint analysis of cross-infection phenotypes and whole genome sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.31.337758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses and their hosts can undergo coevolutionary arms races where hosts evolve increased resistance and viruses evolve counter-resistance. Given these arms race dynamics (ARD), viruses and hosts are each predicted to evolve along a single trajectory as more recently evolved genotypes replace their predecessors. Here, by coupling phenotypic and genomic analyses of coevolving populations of bacteriophage {lambda} and Escherichia coli, we find conflicting evidence for ARD. Virus-host infection phenotypes fit the ARD model, yet whole genome analyses did not. Rather than coevolution unfolding along a single trajectory, cryptic genetic variation emerges during initial virus-host coevolution. This variation is maintained across generations and eventually supplants dominant lineages. These observations constitute what we term  leapfrog coevolutionary dynamics, revealing weaknesses in the predictive power of standard coevolutionary models. The findings shed light on the mechanisms that structure coevolving ecological networks and reveal the limits of using phenotypic assays alone in characterizing coevolutionary dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.337758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leapfrog dynamics in phage-bacteria coevolution revealed by joint analysis of cross-infection phenotypes and whole genome sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coevolutionary phage training leads to greater bacterial suppression and delays the evolution of phage resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.02.365361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria threatens to become the leading cause of worldwide mortality. This crisis has renewed interest in the practice of phage therapy. Yet, bacterias capacity to evolve resistance is likely to debilitate this therapy as well. To combat the evolution of phage resistance and improve treatment outcomes, many have suggested leveraging phages ability to counter resistance by evolving phages on target hosts before using them in therapy (phage training). We found that during in vitro experiments, a phage trained for 28 days suppressed bacteria [~]1000-fold for 3-8 times longer than its untrained ancestor. This extension was due to a delay in the evolution of resistance. Several factors contributed to this prolonged suppression. Mutations that confer resistance to trained phages are [~]100x less common and, while the target bacterium can evolve complete resistance to the untrained phage in a single step, multiple mutations are required to evolve complete resistance to trained phages. Mutations that confer resistance to trained phages are more costly than mutations for untrained phage resistance. And when resistance does evolve, trained phages are better able to suppress these forms of resistance. One way the trained phage improved was through recombination with a gene in a defunct prophage in the host genome, which doubled phage fitness. This direct transfer of information encoded by the host but originating from a relict phage provides a previously unconsidered mode of training phage. Overall, we provide a case study for successful phage training and uncover mechanisms underlying its efficacy.

Significance StatementThe evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria threatens to claim over 10 million lives annually by 2050. This crisis has renewed interest in phage therapy, the use of bacterial viruses to treat infections. A major barrier to successful phage therapy is that bacteria readily evolve phage resistance. One idea proposed to combat resistance is "training" phages by using their natural capacity to evolve to counter resistance. Here, we show that training phages by coevolving them with their host for one month enhanced their capacity for suppressing bacterial growth and delayed the emergence of resistance. Enhanced suppression was caused by several mechanisms, suggesting that the coevolutionary training protocol produces a robust therapeutic that employs complementary modes of action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avrani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrick, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrie, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.365361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coevolutionary phage training leads to greater bacterial suppression and delays the evolution of phage resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
With Childhood Hemispherectomy, One Hemisphere Can Support--But is Suboptimal for--Word and Face Recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The right and left cerebral hemispheres are important for face and word recognition, respectively--a specialization that emerges over human development. The question is whether this bilateral distribution is necessary or whether a single hemisphere, be it left or right, can support both face and word recognition. Here, face and word recognition accuracy in patients with a single hemisphere following childhood hemispherectomy was compared against matched typical controls. In Experiment 1, participants viewed stimuli in central vision. Across both face and word tasks, accuracy of both left and right hemispherectomy patients, while significantly lower than controls accuracy, averaged above 80% and did not differ from each other. To compare patients single hemisphere more directly to one hemisphere of controls, in Experiment 2, participants viewed stimuli in one visual field to constrain initial processing chiefly to a single (contralateral) hemisphere. Whereas controls had higher word accuracy when words were presented to the right than to the left visual field, there was no field/hemispheric difference for faces. In contrast, left and right hemispherectomy patients, again, showed comparable performance to one another on both face and word recognition, albeit significantly lower than controls. Altogether, the findings indicate that a single developing hemisphere, either left or right, may be sufficiently plastic for comparable representation of faces and words. However, perhaps due to increased competition or "neural crowding," constraining cortical representations to one hemisphere may collectively hamper face and word recognition, relative to that observed in typical development with two hemispheres.

Significance StatementAdults show right and left cerebral hemispheric biases for face and word recognition, respectively, a division of labor that emerges over development. Here, face and word recognition were assessed in childhood hemispherectomy patients to study the consequences of development with a single hemisphere. While these patients showed above 80% accuracy on face and word recognition tasks, which is surprisingly high relative to the brain volume resected, they nonetheless performed more poorly than typically developing controls. Importantly, patient performance was independent of which hemisphere was removed, suggesting that their single, preserved hemisphere subserves face and word recognition comparably, albeit somewhat inferiorly relative to controls. This demonstrates the remarkable plasticity of the developing brain but, at the same time, highlights plasticitys constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Granovetter, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ettensohn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.371823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[With Childhood Hemispherectomy, One Hemisphere Can Support--But is Suboptimal for--Word and Face Recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.375444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A plant lipocalin is required for retinal-mediated de novo root organogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.375444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Branching of root systems enables the exploration and colonization of the soil environment. In Arabidopsis roots, de novo organogenesis of lateral roots is patterned by an oscillatory mechanism called the root clock, which is dependent on metabolites derived from the {beta}-carotene pathway1, 2. Retinoids are {beta}-carotene-derived regulators of organogenesis in the animal kingdom. To determine if retinoids function in plant development, we conducted time-lapse imaging of a chemical reporter for retinoid binding proteins. We found that it oscillates with a comparable frequency to the root clock and accurately predicts sites of lateral root organogenesis. Exogenous application of retinal to wild-type plants is sufficient to induce root clock oscillations and lateral root organogenesis. A homology search yielded a potential Arabidopsis homolog, TEMPERATURE INDUCED LIPOCALIN (TIL) to vertebrate retinoid binding proteins. Genetic analysis indicates that TIL is necessary for normal lateral root development and a til mutant has decreased retinal sensitivity. TIL expression in a heterologous system conferred retinal binding activity, suggesting that it may directly interact with this molecule. Together, these results demonstrate an essential role for retinal and for plant retinal binding proteins in lateral root organogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luciano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinneny, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benfey, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.375444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A plant lipocalin is required for retinal-mediated de novo root organogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.11.376103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A scale-free, fully connected global transition network underlies known microbiome diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.11.376103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiomes are inherently linked by their structural similarity, yet the global features of such similarity are not clear. Here we propose as solution a search-based microbiome transition network. By traversing a composition-similarity based network of 177,022 microbiomes, we show that although the compositions are distinct by habitat, each microbiome is on-average only seven neighbors from any other microbiome on Earth, indicating the inherent homology of microbiome at the global scale. This network is scale-free, suggesting a high degree of stability and robustness in microbiome transition. By tracking the minimum spanning tree in this network, a global roadmap of microbiome dispersal was derived that tracks the potential paths of formulating and propagating microbiome diversity. Such search-based global microbiome networks, reconstructed within hours on just one computing node, provide a readily expanded reference for tracing the origin and evolution of existing or new microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jing, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.11.376103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A scale-free, fully connected global transition network underlies known microbiome diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.373647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic transcriptome risk scores improve portability of polygenic risk scores across ancestries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.373647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are on course to translate the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) into clinical practice. To date, most GWAS have been based on individuals of European-ancestry, meaning that the utility of PRS for non-European populations is limited because SNP effects and LD patterns may not be conserved across populations. We hypothesized that cross population prediction at the level of genes rather than SNPs would be more effective, since the effect of genes on traits is likely to be more highly conserved. Therefore, we developed a framework to convert effect sizes at SNPs into effect sizes for genetically predicted transcript abundance, which we used for prediction in non-European populations. We compared this approach, which we call polygenic transcriptome risk scores (PTRS), to PRS, using data from 17 quantitative traits that were measured in multiple ancestries (European, African, East Asian, and South Asian) by UK Biobank. On average, PTRS using whole blood predicted transcriptome had lower absolute prediction accuracy than PRS, as we expected since not all regulatory processes were captured by a single tissue. However, as hypothesized, we found that in the African target set, the portability (prediction accuracy relative to the European reference set) was significantly higher for PTRS than PRS (p=0.03) with additional gain when transcriptomic prediction models ancestry matched the target population (p=0.021). Taken together, our results suggest that using PTRS can improve prediction in underrepresented populations and that increasing the diversity of transcriptomic data may be an effective way to improve portability of GWAS results between populations and help reduce health disparities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pividori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manichaikul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.12.373647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic transcriptome risk scores improve portability of polygenic risk scores across ancestries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380782v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MUNIn (Multiple cell-type UNifying long-range chromatin Interaction detector): a statistical framework for identifying long-range chromatin interactions from multiple cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.12.380782v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin spatial organization (interactome) plays a critical role in genome function. Deep understanding of chromatin interactome can shed insights into transcriptional regulation mechanisms and human disease pathology. One essential task in the analysis of chromatin interactomic data is to identify long-range chromatin interactions. Existing approaches, such as HiCCUPS, FitHiC/FitHiC2 and FastHiC, are all designed for analyzing individual cell types or samples. None of them accounts for unbalanced sequencing depths and heterogeneity among multiple cell types or samples in a unified statistical framework. To fill in the gap, we have developed a novel statistical framework MUNIn (Multiple sample UNifying long-range chromatin Interaction detector) for identifying long-range chromatin interactions from multiple samples. MUNIn adopts a hierarchical hidden Markov random field (H-HMRF) model, in which the status (peak or background) of each interacting chromatin loci pair depends not only on the status of loci pairs in its neighborhood region, but also on the status of the same loci pair in other samples. To benchmark the performance of MUNIn, we performed comprehensive simulation studies and real data analysis, and showed that MUNIn can achieve much lower false positive rates for detecting sample-specific interactions (33.1 - 36.2%), and much enhanced statistical power for detecting shared peaks (up to 74.3%), compared to uni-sample analysis. Our data demonstrated that MUNIn is a useful tool for the integrative analysis of interactomic data from multiple samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abnousi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.12.380782</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MUNIn (Multiple cell-type UNifying long-range chromatin Interaction detector): a statistical framework for identifying long-range chromatin interactions from multiple cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.381350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid-specific protein oligomerization is regulated by two interfaces in Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.381350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Marburg virus major matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer which confers the virion shape and stability. Using a myriad of in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. Cellular studies of NTD and CTD oligomerization interface mutants demonstrated the importance of each interface in the mVP40 matrix assembly through protein trafficking to the plasma membrane and homo-multimerization that induced protein enrichment, plasma membrane fluidity changes and elongations at the plasma membrane. A novel APEX-TEM method was employed to closely assess the ultrastructural localization of and formation of viral particles for wild type and mutants. Taken together, these studies present a mechanistic model of mVP40 oligomerization and assembly at the plasma membrane during virion assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amiar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husby, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijesinghe, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstman, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapagain, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stahelin, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.381350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid-specific protein oligomerization is regulated by two interfaces in Marburg virus matrix protein VP40]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.389361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ant fungus garden acts as an external digestive system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.389361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most animals digest their food within their own bodies, but some do not. Many species of ants grow fungus gardens that pre-digest food as an essential step of the ants nutrient uptake. To better understand this digestion process, we generated a 3D molecular map of an Atta texana fungus garden, revealing chemical modifications mediated by the fungus garden as plant material passes through.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pucket, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyle, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balunas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klassen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.389361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ant fungus garden acts as an external digestive system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and pharmacological manipulations of glyoxalase 1 mediate ethanol withdrawal seizure susceptibility in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central nervous system (CNS) hyperexcitability is a clinically significant feature of acute ethanol withdrawal. There is evidence for a genetic contribution to withdrawal severity, but specific genetic risk factors have not be identified. The gene glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) has been previously implicated in ethanol consumption in mice, and GLO1 inhibition can attenuate drinking in mice and rats. Here, we investigated whether genetic and pharmacological manipulations of GLO1 activity can also mediate ethanol withdrawal seizure severity in mice. Mice from two transgenic lines overexpressing Glo1 on different genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6J [B6] and FVB/NJ [FVB]) were tested for handling induced convulsions (HICs) as a measure of acute ethanol withdrawal. Following an injection of 4 g/kg alcohol, both B6 and FVB mice overexpressing Glo1 showed increased HICs compared to wild type littermates, though only the FVB line showed a statistically significant difference. We also administered daily ethanol injections (2 g/kg + 9 mg/kg 4-methylpyrazole) to wild type B6 mice for 10 days and tested them for HICs on the 10th day, following treatment with either vehicle or a GLO1 inhibitor (S-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester [pBBG]). Treatment with pBBG reduced HICs, although this effect was only statistically significant following two 10-day cycles of ethanol exposure and withdrawal. These results provide converging genetic and pharmacological evidence that GLO1 can mediate ethanol withdrawal seizure susceptibility. We discuss the possible role of GLO1s substrate, methylglyoxal, acting as an agonist at GABAA receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.389452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and pharmacological manipulations of glyoxalase 1 mediate ethanol withdrawal seizure susceptibility in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.390278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EcDNA hubs drive cooperative intermolecular oncogene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.390278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and mediate high oncogene expression through elevated copy number and altered gene regulation1. Gene expression typically involves distal enhancer DNA elements that contact and activate genes on the same chromosome2,3. Here we show that ecDNA hubs, comprised of ~10-100 ecDNAs clustered in the nucleus of interphase cells, drive intermolecular enhancer input for amplified oncogene expression. Single-molecule sequencing, single-cell multiome, and 3D enhancer connectome reveal subspecies of MYC-PVT1 ecDNAs lacking enhancers that access intermolecular and ectopic enhancer-promoter interactions in ecDNA hubs. ecDNA hubs persist without transcription and are tethered by BET protein BRD4. BET inhibitor JQ1 disperses ecDNA hubs, preferentially inhibits ecDNA oncogene transcription, and kills ecDNA+ cancer cells. Two amplified oncogenes MYC and FGFR2 intermix in ecDNA hubs, engage in intermolecular enhancer-promoter interactions, and transcription is uniformly sensitive to JQ1. Thus, ecDNA hubs are nuclear bodies of many ecDNAs tethered by proteins and platforms for cooperative transcription, leveraging the power of oncogene diversification and combinatorial DNA interactions. We suggest ecDNA hubs, rather than individual ecDNAs, as units of oncogene function, cooperative evolution, and new targets for cancer therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corces, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granja, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.390278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EcDNA hubs drive cooperative intermolecular oncogene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cre-dependent CRISPR/dCas9 activation system for gene expression regulation in neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Site-specific genetic and epigenetic targeting of distinct cell populations is a central goal in molecular neuroscience and is crucial to understand the gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie complex phenotypes and behaviors. While recent technological advances have enabled unprecedented control over gene expression, many of these approaches are focused on selected model organisms and/or require labor-intensive customizations for different applications. The simplicity and modularity of CRISPR-based systems have transformed this aspect of genome editing, providing a variety of possible applications and targets. However, there are currently few available tools for cell-selective CRISPR regulation in neurons. Here, we designed, validated, and optimized CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) systems for Cre recombinase-dependent gene regulation. Unexpectedly, CRISPRa systems based on a traditional double-floxed inverted open reading frame (DIO) strategy exhibited leaky target gene induction in the absence of Cre. Therefore, we developed an intron-containing Cre-dependent CRISPRa system (SVI-DIO-dCas9-VPR) that alleviated leaky gene induction and outperformed the traditional DIO system at endogenous genes in both HEK293T cells and rat primary neuron cultures. Using gene-specific CRISPR sgRNAs, we demonstrate that SVI-DIO-dCas9-VPR can activate highly inducible genes (GRM2, Tent5b, and Fos) as well as moderately inducible genes (Sstr2 and Gadd45b) in a Cre-specific manner. Furthermore, to illustrate the versatility of this tool, we created a parallel CRISPRi construct that successfully inhibited expression from of a luciferase reporter in HEK293T cells only in the presence of Cre. These results provide a robust framework for Cre-dependent CRISPR-dCas9 approaches across different model systems, and will enable cell-specific targeting when combined with common Cre driver lines or Cre delivery via viral vectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carullo, N. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Revanna, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuscher, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cre-dependent CRISPR/dCas9 activation system for gene expression regulation in neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.392126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Timing the SARS-CoV-2 Index Case in Hubei Province 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.392126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding when SARS-CoV-2 emerged is critical to evaluating our current approach to monitoring novel zoonotic pathogens and understanding the failure of early containment and mitigation efforts for COVID-19. We employed a coalescent framework to combine retrospective molecular clock inference with forward epidemiological simulations to determine how long SARS-CoV-2 could have circulated prior to the time of the most recent common ancestor. Our results define the period between mid-October and mid-November 2019 as the plausible interval when the first case of SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Hubei province. By characterizing the likely dynamics of the virus before it was discovered, we show that over two-thirds of SARS-CoV-2-like zoonotic events would be self-limited, dying out without igniting a pandemic. Our findings highlight the shortcomings of zoonosis surveillance approaches for detecting highly contagious pathogens with moderate mortality rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pekar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worobey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.392126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Timing the SARS-CoV-2 Index Case in Hubei Province]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.393314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Modified Oxylipins from the Shipworm Symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.393314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioactivity-guided purification of the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae 991H.S.0a.06 yielded a new fatty acid, turneroic acid (1), and two previously described oxylipins (2-3). Turneroic acid (1) is an 18-carbon fatty acid decorated by a hydroxy group and an epoxide ring. Compounds 1-3 inhibited bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis, while only 3 showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. Comparison of the bioactivity of 1-3 with structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=124 SRC="FIGDIR/small/393314v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lacerna, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramones, C. M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robes, J. M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picart, M. R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tun, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haygood, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador-Reyes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.393314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Modified Oxylipins from the Shipworm Symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.393546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Xist-seeded nucleation sites form local concentration gradients of silencing proteins to inactivate the X-chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.22.393546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The long non-coding RNA Xist exploits numerous effector proteins to progressively induce gene silencing across the X chromosome and form the inactive X (Xi)-compartment. The mechanism underlying formation of the chromosome-wide Xi-compartment is poorly understood. Here, we find that formation of the Xi-compartment is induced by [~]50 locally confined granules, where two Xist RNA molecules nucleate supra-molecular complexes (SMCs) of interacting proteins. Xist-SMCs are transient structures that concentrate rapidly recycling proteins in the X by increasing protein binding affinity. We find that gene silencing originates at Xist-SMCs and propagates across the entire chromosome over time, achieved by Polycomb-mediated coalescence of chromatin regions and aggregation, via its intrinsically disordered domains, of the critical silencing factor SPEN. Our results suggest a new model for X chromosome inactivation, in which Xist RNA induces macromolecular crowding of heterochromatinizing proteins near distinct sites which ultimately increases their density throughout the chromosome. This mechanism enables deterministic gene silencing without the need for Xist ribonucleoprotein complex-chromatin interactions at each target gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Markaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S. Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maestrini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mistry, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plath, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.22.393546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Xist-seeded nucleation sites form local concentration gradients of silencing proteins to inactivate the X-chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.393934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The anti-inflammatory peptide Catestatin blocks chemotaxis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.393934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increased levels of the anti-inflammatory peptide catestatin (CST), a cleavage product of the pro-hormone chromogranin A, correlates with less severe outcomes in hypertension, colitis and diabetes. However, it is unknown how CST reduces the infiltration of monocytes and macrophages in inflamed tissues. Here, we report that CST blocks leukocyte migration towards inflammatory chemokines. By in vitro and in vivo migration assays, we show that although CST itself is weakly chemotactic, it blocks migration of monocytes and granulocytes to inflammatory attracting factor CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2). Moreover, it directs CX3CR1+ macrophages away from pancreatic islets. These findings support the emerging notion that CST is a key anti-inflammatory modulator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muntjewerff, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parv, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillipson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoffersson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bogaart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.23.393934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The anti-inflammatory peptide Catestatin blocks chemotaxis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Drosophila Baramicin polypeptide gene protects against fungal infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.394148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fruit fly Drososphila melanogaster combats microbial infection by producing a battery of effector peptides that are secreted into the haemolymph. Technical difficulties prevented the investigation of these short effector genes until the recent advent of the CRISPR/CAS era. As a consequence, many putative immune effectors remain to be characterized and exactly how each of these effectors contributes to survival is not well characterized. Here we describe a novel Drosophila antifungal peptide gene that we name Baramicin A. We show that BaraA encodes a precursor protein cleaved into multiple peptides via furin cleavage sites. BaraA is strongly immune-induced in the fat body downstream of the Toll pathway, but also exhibits expression in the nervous system. Importantly, we show that flies lacking BaraA are viable but susceptible to the enomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Consistent with BaraA being directly antimicrobial, overexpression of BaraA promotes resistance to fungi and the IM10-like peptides produced by BaraA synergistically inhibit growth of fungi in vitro when combined with a membrane-disrupting antifungal. Surprisingly, BaraA males but not females display an erect wing phenotype upon infection. Collectively, we identify a new antifungal immune effector downstream of Toll signalling, improving our knowledge of the Drosophila antimicrobial response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iatsenko, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasserman, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.23.394148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Drosophila Baramicin polypeptide gene protects against fungal infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.395384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competition-based screening secures the evolutionary stability of a defensive microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.395384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cuticular microbiomes of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants are exceptional because they are freely colonizable, and yet the prevalence of Pseudonocardia, a native vertically transmitted symbiont that controls Escovopsis fungus-garden disease, is never compromised. Game theory suggests that competition-based screening can allow the selective recruitment of antibiotic-producing bacteria from the environment, by fomenting and biasing competition for abundant host resources. Mutual symbiont aggression benefits the host and also maintains native symbiont viability. Here we use RNA-stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP) to confirm predictions that Acromyrmex cuticles can maintain a range of microbial symbionts. We then used dual-RNA-sequencing and bioassays to show that vertically transmitted Pseudonocardia strains produce antibacterials that differentially reduce the growth rates of other microbes, ultimately eliminating non-antibiotic-producing strains that might parasitize the symbiosis while still allowing antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strains to survive. Open cuticular microbiomes can thus maintain a specific co-evolved mutualism by restricting access for other bacterial strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Worsley, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Innocent, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Bassam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.395384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competition-based screening secures the evolutionary stability of a defensive microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-linear manifold learning in fMRI uncovers a low-dimensional space of brain dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale brain dynamics are believed to lie in a latent, low-dimensional space. Typically, the embeddings of brain scans are derived independently from different cognitive tasks or resting-state data, ignoring a potentially large--and shared--portion of this space. Here, we establish that a shared, robust, and interpretable low-dimensional space of brain dynamics can be recovered from a rich repertoire of task based fMRI data. This occurs when relying on non-linear approaches as opposed to traditional linear methods. The embedding maintains proper temporal progression of the tasks, revealing brain states and the dynamics of network integration. We demonstrate that resting-state data embeds fully onto the same task embedding, indicating similar brain states are present in both task and resting-state data. Our findings suggest analysis of fMRI data from multiple cognitive tasks in a low-dimensional space is possible and desirable, and our proposed framework can thus provide an interpretable framework to investigate brain dynamics in the low-dimensional space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheinost, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.398693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-linear manifold learning in fMRI uncovers a low-dimensional space of brain dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.403295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Regulates Cellular Iron by Modulating Mitochondrial Transport of ATP-Binding Cassette B8 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.403295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic loss of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration (ALR) results in mitochondrial myopathy with cataracts, however, the mechanism for this disorder remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that loss of ALR, a principal component of the MIA40/ALR protein import pathway, results in impaired cytosolic Fe/S cluster biogenesis in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, MIA40/ALR facilitates the mitochondrial import of ATP binding cassette (ABC)-B8, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein required for cytoplasmic Fe/S cluster maturation, through physical interaction with ABCB8. Downregulation of ALR impairs mitochondrial ABCB8 import, reduces cytoplasmic Fe/S cluster maturation, and increases cellular iron through the iron regulatory protein-iron response element system. Our finding provides a mechanistic link between MIA40/ALR import machinery and cytosolic Fe/S cluster maturation through the mitochondrial import of ABCB8, and offers a potential explanation for the pathology seen in patients with ALR mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ardehali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senyei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawicki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.403295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Regulates Cellular Iron by Modulating Mitochondrial Transport of ATP-Binding Cassette B8]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.404517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Genome Contributes to Protein-Protein Interactome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.404517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous computational methods have been proposed to predict protein-protein interactions, none of which however, considers the original DNA loci of the interacting proteins in the perspective of 3D genome. Here we retrospect the DNA origins of the interacting proteins in the context of 3D genome and discovered that 1) if a gene pair is more proximate in 3D genome, their corresponding proteins are more likely to interact. 2) signal peptide involvement of PPI affects the corresponding gene-gene proximity in 3D genome space. 3) by incorporating 3D genome information, existing PPI prediction methods can be further improved in terms of accuracy. Combining our previous discoveries, we conjecture the existence of 3D genome driven cellular compartmentalization, meaning the co-localization of DNA elements lead to increased probability of the co-localization of RNA elements and protein elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.404517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Genome Contributes to Protein-Protein Interactome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.404483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topoisomerase 1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation and death in animal models. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.404483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently affecting millions of lives worldwide. Large retrospective studies indicate that an elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory factors are associated with both increased disease severity and mortality. Here, using multidimensional epigenetic, transcriptional, in vitro and in vivo analyses, we report that Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) inhibition suppresses lethal inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2. Therapeutic treatment with two doses of Topotecan (TPT), a FDA-approved Top1 inhibitor, suppresses infection-induced inflammation in hamsters. TPT treatment as late as four days post-infection reduces morbidity and rescues mortality in a transgenic mouse model. These results support the potential of Top1 inhibition as an effective host-directed therapy against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. TPT and its derivatives are inexpensive clinical-grade inhibitors available in most countries. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of repurposing Top1 inhibitors for COVID-19 in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, J. S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, B. W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campisi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parameswaran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wayman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudreault, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meekins, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indran, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morozov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fstkchyan, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathnasinghe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray-Jones, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malysheva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiecke, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydillo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guccione, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shum, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carossino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasuriya, U. B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miraldi, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schotsaert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeya</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.404483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topoisomerase 1 inhibition therapy protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation and death in animal models.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.405159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AlphaTracker: A Multi-Animal Tracking and Behavioral Analysis Tool 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.405159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The advancement of behavioral analysis in neuroscience has been aided by the development of computational tools1,2. Specifically, computer vision algorithms have emerged as a powerful tool to elevate behavioral research3,4. Yet fully automatic analysis of social behavior remains challenging in two ways. First, existing tools to track and analyze behavior often focus on single animals, not multiple, interacting animals. Second, many available tools are not developed for novice users and require programming experience to run. Here, we unveil a computer vision pipeline called AlphaTracker, which requires minimal hardware requirements and produces reliable tracking of multiple unmarked animals. An easy-to-use user interface further enables manual inspection and curation of results. We demonstrate the practical, real-time advantages of AlphaTracker through the study of multiple, socially-interacting mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rock, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla-Coreano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.405159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AlphaTracker: A Multi-Animal Tracking and Behavioral Analysis Tool]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.411496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light-harvesting in mesophotic corals is powered by a spatially efficient photosymbiotic system between coral host and microalgae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.411496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The coral-algal photosymbiosis fuels global coral-reef primary productivity, extending from sea level to as deep as 150 m (i.e., mesophotic). Currently, it is largely unknown how such mesophotic reefs thrive despite extremely limited light conditions. Here, we show that corals exhibit a plastic response to mesophotic conditions that involves a spatially optimized regulation of the bio-optical properties by coral host and symbiont. In contrast to shallow corals, mesophotic corals absorbed up to three-fold more light, resulting in excellent photosynthetic response under light conditions of only ~3% of the incident surface irradiance. The enhanced light harvesting capacity of mesophotic corals is regulated by average refractive index fluctuations in the coral skeleton that give rise to optical scattering and facilitate light transport and absorption by densely pigmented host tissue. The results of this study provide fundamental insight into the energy efficiency and light-harvesting mechanisms underlying the productivity of mesophotic coral reef ecosystems, yet also raise concerns regarding their ability to withstand prolonged environmental disturbances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kramer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Zvi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.411496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light-harvesting in mesophotic corals is powered by a spatially efficient photosymbiotic system between coral host and microalgae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.411850v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is it all in our head? When subjective beliefs about receiving an intervention are better predictors of experimental results than the intervention itself 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.06.411850v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, there has been debate about the effectiveness of treatments from different fields, such as neurostimulation, neurofeedback, brain training, and pharmacotherapy. This debate has been fuelled by contradictory and nuanced experimental findings. Notably, the effectiveness of a given treatment is commonly evaluated by comparing the effect of the active treatment versus the placebo on human health and/or behaviour. However, this approach neglects the individuals subjective experience of the type of treatment s/he received in establishing treatment efficacy. Here, we show that individual differences in subjective treatment--the thought of receiving the active or placebo condition during an experiment--can explain variability in outcomes better than the actual treatment. We analysed four independent datasets (N=387 participants), including clinical patients and healthy adults from different age groups who were exposed to different neurostimulation treatments (transcranial magnetic stimulation: Study 1 & 2; transcranial direct current stimulation: Study 3 & 4). Our findings show that the inclusion of subjective treatment can provide a better model fit, either alone or in interaction with objective treatment (defined as the condition to which participants are assigned in the experiment). These results demonstrate the significant contribution of subjective experience in explaining the variability of clinical, cognitive and behavioural outcomes. We advocate for existing and future studies in clinical and non-clinical research to start accounting for participants subjective beliefs and their interplay with objective treatment when assessing the efficacy of treatments. This approach will be crucial in providing a more accurate estimation of the treatment effect and its source, allowing the development of effective and reproducible interventions.

Significance statementWe demonstrate that individual differences in subjective treatment--the belief of receiving the active or placebo condition during an experiment--can explain variability in research outcomes better than objective treatment, the actual treatment to which participants are assigned. Even though it is a standard practice for intervention studies to collect data on subjective treatment, its contribution to research outcomes has been overlooked. By demonstrating the explanatory power of subjective treatment beyond objective treatment in four independent datasets, we show its potential to provide further insights into the effectiveness of different interventions. We, therefore, encourage researchers to adopt our approach in existing and new studies, to improve experimental design and ultimately increase the rigour and robustness of clinical and non-clinical interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fassi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen Kadosh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.06.411850</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is it all in our head? When subjective beliefs about receiving an intervention are better predictors of experimental results than the intervention itself]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Universal Spectrum Identifier for mass spectra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mass spectra provide the ultimate evidence for supporting the findings of mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics studies in publications, and it is therefore crucial to be able to trace the conclusions back to the spectra. The Universal Spectrum Identifier (USI) provides a standardized mechanism for encoding a virtual path to any mass spectrum contained in datasets deposited to public proteomics repositories. USIs enable greater transparency for providing spectral evidence in support of key findings in publications, with more than 1 billion USI identifications from over 3 billion spectra already available through ProteomeXchange repositories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Riverol, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carver, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Den Bossche, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriels, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binz, P.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shofstahl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vizcaino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.07.415539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Universal Spectrum Identifier for mass spectra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms for Communicating in a Marmoset "Cocktail Party" 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.08.416693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental challenge for audition is parsing the voice of a single speaker amid a cacophony of other voices known as the Cocktail Party Problem (CPP). Despite its prevalence, relatively little remains known about how our simian cousins solve the CPP for active, natural communication. Here we employed an innovative, multi-speaker paradigm comprising five computer-generated Virtual Monkeys (VM) whose respective vocal behavior could be systematically varied to construct marmoset cocktail parties and tested the impact of specific acoustic scene manipulations on vocal behavior. Results indicate that marmosets not only employ auditory mechanisms - including attention - for speaker stream segregation, but also selectively change their own vocal behavior in response to the dynamics of the acoustic scene to overcome the challenges of the CPP. These findings suggest notable parallels between human and nonhuman primate audition and highlight the active role that speakers play to optimize communicative efficacy in complex real-world acoustic scenes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.416693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms for Communicating in a Marmoset "Cocktail Party"]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.416495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism activates a reversible stress response that detects and resolves mutant mitochondrial precursors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.416495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylethanolamine made in mitochondria has long been recognized as an important precursor for phosphatidylcholine production that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently, the strict mitochondrial localization of the enzyme that makes PE in the mitochondrion, phosphatidylserine decarboxylase 1 (Psd1), was questioned. Since a dual localization of Psd1 to the ER would have far-reaching implications, we initiated our study to independently re-assess the subcellular distribution of Psd1. Our results support the unavoidable conclusion that the vast majority, if not all, of functional Psd1 resides in the mitochondrion. Through our efforts, we discovered that mutant forms of Psd1 that impair a self-processing step needed for it to become functional are dually localized to the ER when expressed in a PE-limiting environment. We conclude that severely impaired cellular PE metabolism provokes an ER-assisted adaptive response that is capable of identifying and resolving nonfunctional mitochondrial precursors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calzada, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acoba, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nejatfard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinidad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shutt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claypool, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.416495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism activates a reversible stress response that detects and resolves mutant mitochondrial precursors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assembling Long Accurate Reads Using de Bruijn Graphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.420448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although most existing genome assemblers are based on the de Bruijn graphs, it remains unclear how to construct these graphs for large genomes and large k-mer sizes. This algorithmic challenge has become particularly important with the emergence of long high-fidelity (HiFi) reads that were recently utilized to generate a semi-manual telomere-to-telomere assembly of the human genome and to get a glimpse into biomedically important regions that evaded all previous attempts to sequence them. To enable automated assemblies of long and accurate reads, we developed a fast LJA algorithm that reduces the error rate in these reads by three orders of magnitude (making them nearly error-free) and constructs the de Bruijn graph for large genomes and large k-mer sizes. Since the de Bruijn graph constructed for a fixed k-mer size is typically either too tangled or too fragmented, LJA uses a new concept of a multiplex de Bruijn graph with varying k-mer sizes. We demonstrate that LJA improves on the state-of-the-art assemblers with respect to both accuracy and contiguity and enables automated telomere-to-telomere assemblies of entire human chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bankevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolmogorov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.420448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assembling Long Accurate Reads Using de Bruijn Graphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncovering novel mutational signatures by de novo extraction with SigProfilerExtractor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutational signature analysis is commonly performed in genomic studies surveying cancer and normal somatic tissues. Here we present SigProfilerExtractor, an automated tool for accurate de novo extraction of mutational signatures for all types of somatic mutations. Benchmarking with a total of 34 distinct scenarios encompassing 2,500 simulated signatures operative in more than 60,000 unique synthetic genomes and 20,000 synthetic exomes demonstrates that SigProfilerExtractor outperforms thirteen other tools across all datasets with and without noise. For genome simulations with 5% noise, reflecting high-quality genomic datasets, SigProfilerExtractor outperforms other approaches by elucidating between 20% and 50% more true positive signatures while yielding more than 5-fold less false positive signatures. Applying SigProfilerExtractor to 4,643 whole-genome sequenced and 19,184 whole-exome sequenced cancers reveals four previously missed mutational signatures. Two of the signatures are confirmed in independent cohorts with one of these signatures associating with tobacco smoking. In summary, this report provides a reference tool for analysis of mutational signatures, a comprehensive benchmarking of bioinformatics tools for extracting mutational signatures, and several novel mutational signatures including a signature putatively attributed to direct tobacco smoking mutagenesis in bladder cancer and in normal bladder epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Islam, S. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teague, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clapham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senkin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otlu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syulyukina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marticorena, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedge, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landi, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozen, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncovering novel mutational signatures by de novo extraction with SigProfilerExtractor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with genetic risk factors defined by recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania, depression and circadian rhythm abnormalities. While lithium is an effective drug for BD, 30-40% of patients fail to respond adequately to treatment. Previous work has demonstrated that lithium affects the expression of "clock genes" and that lithium responders (Li-R) can be distinguished from non-responders (Li-NR) by differences in circadian rhythms. However, rhythm abnormalities in BD have not been evaluated in neurons and it is unknown if neuronal rhythms differ between Li-R and Li-NR. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to culture neuronal precursor cells (NPC) and glutamatergic neurons from BD patients and controls. We identified strong circadian rhythms in Per2-luc expression in NPCs and neurons from controls and Li-R. NPC rhythms in Li-R had a shorter circadian period. Li-NR rhythms were low-amplitude and profoundly weakened. In NPCs and neurons, expression of PER2 was higher in both BD groups compared to controls. In neurons, PER2 protein expression was higher in BD than controls, especially in Li-NR samples. In single cells, NPC and neuron rhythms in both BD groups were desynchronized compared to controls. Lithium lengthened period in Li-R and control neurons but failed to alter rhythms in Li-NR. In contrast, temperature entrainment increased amplitude across all groups, and partly restored rhythms in Li-NR neurons. We conclude that neuronal circadian rhythm abnormalities are present in BD and most pronounced in Li-NR. Rhythm deficits in BD may be partly reversible through stimulation of entrainment pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishra, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakhla, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenburgh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrettini, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennand, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coryell, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershon, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McInnis, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurnberger, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shilling, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oedegaard, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zandi, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder Study,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsoe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.422616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder patient-derived neurons predict lithium response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.421271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A CRISPR endonuclease gene drive reveals two distinct mechanisms of inheritance bias 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.421271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA guided CRISPR gene drives have shown the capability of biasing transgene inheritance in multiple species. Among these, homing endonuclease drives are the most developed. In this study, we report the functioning of sds3, bgcn, and nup50 expressed Cas9 in an Aedes aegypti homing split drive system targeting the white gene. We report their inheritance biasing capability, propensity for maternal deposition, and zygotic/somatic expression. Additionally, by making use of the tight linkage of white to the sex-determining locus, we were able to elucidate mechanisms of inheritance bias. We find inheritance bias through homing in double heterozygous males, but find that a previous report of the same drive occurred through meiotic drive. We propose that other previously reported  homing design gene drives may in fact bias their inheritance through other mechanisms with important implications for gene drive design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verkuijl, S. A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ang, J. X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonsall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alphey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.421271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A CRISPR endonuclease gene drive reveals two distinct mechanisms of inheritance bias]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.16.423060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wild-type FUS corrects ALS-like disease induced by cytoplasmic mutant FUS through autoregulation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.16.423060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in FUS, an RNA-binding protein involved in multiple steps of RNA metabolism, are associated with the most severe forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Accumulation of cytoplasmic FUS is likely to be a major culprit in the toxicity of FUS mutations. Thus, preventing cytoplasmic mislocalization of the FUS protein may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy. FUS binds to its own pre-mRNA creating an autoregulatory loop efficiently buffering FUS excess through multiple proposed mechanisms including retention of introns 6 and/or 7. Here, we introduced a wild-type FUS gene allele, retaining all intronic sequences, in mice whose heterozygous or homozygous expression of a cytoplasmically retained FUS protein (Fus{Delta}NLS) was previously shown to provoke ALS-like disease or postnatal lethality, respectively. Wild-type FUS completely rescued the early lethality caused by the two Fus{Delta}NLS alleles, and improved age-dependent motor deficit and reduced lifespan associated with the heterozygous expression of Fus{Delta}NLS. Mechanistically, wild-type FUS decreased the load of cytoplasmic FUS, increased exon 7 skipping and retention of introns 6 and 7 in the endogenous mouse Fus mRNA, leading to decreased expression of the mutant mRNA. Thus, the wild-type FUS allele activates the homeostatic autoregulatory loop, maintaining constant FUS levels and decreasing the mutant protein in the cytoplasm. These results provide proof of concept that an autoregulatory competent wild-type FUS expression could protect against this devastating, currently intractable, neurodegenerative disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanjuan-Ruiz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govea-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlonis-Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieterle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirrig-Grosch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picchiarelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagier-Tourenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Cruz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupuis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.16.423060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wild-type FUS corrects ALS-like disease induced by cytoplasmic mutant FUS through autoregulation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alternative splicing of GluN1 gates glycine-primed internalization of NMDA receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), a principal subtype of excitatory neurotransmitter receptor, are composed as tetrameric assemblies of two glycine-binding GluN1 subunits and two glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits. Gating of the NMDARs requires binding of four co-agonist molecules, but the receptors can signal non-ionotropically through binding of glycine, alone, to its cognate site on GluN1. A consequence of this signalling by glycine is that NMDARs are primed such that subsequent gating, produced by glycine and glutamate, drives receptor internalization. The GluN1 subunit is not a singular molecular species in the CNS, rather there are 8 alternatively spliced isoforms of this subunit produced by including or excluding the N1 and the C1, C2 or C2 polypeptide cassettes. Whether alternative splicing affects glycine priming signalling is unknown. Here, using recombinant NMDARs expressed heterologously we discovered that glycine priming of NMDARs critically depends on alternative splicing: the four splice isoforms lacking the N1 cassette, encoded in exon 5, are primed by glycine whereas glycine priming is blocked in the four splice variants containing the N1 cassette. On the other hand, the C-terminal cassettes - C1, C2 or C2 - had no effect on glycine priming signalling. Nor was glycine priming affected by the GluN2 subunit in the receptor. In wild-type mice we found that glycine primed internalization of synaptic NMDARs in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. With mice we engineered such that GluN1 obligatorily contained the N1 cassette, glycine did not prime synaptic NMDARs in pyramidal neurons. In contrast to pyramidal neurons, we discovered that in wild-type mice, synaptic NMDARs in CA1 inhibitory interneurons were resistant to glycine priming. But we recapitulated glycine priming in inhibitory interneurons in mice engineered such that GluN1 obligatorily lacked the N1 cassette. Our findings reveal a previously unsuspected molecular function for alternative splicing of GluN1 in controlling non-ionotropic signalling of NMDAR by glycine and the consequential cell surface dynamics of the receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.423454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alternative splicing of GluN1 gates glycine-primed internalization of NMDA receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complex evolutionary dynamics govern the diversity and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters and their encoded specialized metabolites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.19.423547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While specialized metabolites are thought to mediate ecological interactions, the evolutionary processes driving their diversification, particularly among closely related lineages, remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the evolutionary dynamics governing the distribution of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) using 118 strains within the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora. While previous evidence indicated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) largely contributed to BGC diversity, we find that a majority of BGCs in Salinispora genomes are conserved through processes of vertical descent. In particular, vertical inheritance maintained BGCs over evolutionary timescales (millions of years) allowing for BGC diversification among Salinispora species. By coupling the genomic analyses with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we identified that BGC evolution in Salinispora proceeds largely through gene gain/loss events and constrained recombination that contributes to interspecies diversity at the gene, pathway, and metabolite levels. Consequently, the evolutionary processes driving BGC diversification had direct consequences for compound production and contributed to chemical diversification, as exemplified in our case study of the medically relevant proteosome inhibitors, the salinosporamides. Together, our results support the concept that specialized metabolites, and their cognate BGCs, represent functional traits associated with niche differentiation among Salinispora species.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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C_TEXTBOX
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chase, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muskat, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillen-Matus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.19.423547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complex evolutionary dynamics govern the diversity and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters and their encoded specialized metabolites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.21.423838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ENIGMA Toolbox: Cross-disorder integration and multiscale neural contextualization of multisite neuroimaging datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.21.423838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Among  big data initiatives, the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium--a worldwide alliance of over 2,000 scientists diversified into over 50 Working Groups--has yielded some of the largest studies of the healthy and diseased brain. Integration of multisite datasets to assess transdiagnostic similarities and differences and to contextualize findings with respect to neural organization, however, have been limited. Here, we introduce the ENIGMA Toolbox, a Python/Matlab ecosystem for (i) accessing 100+ ENIGMA datasets, facilitating cross-disorder analysis, (ii) visualizing data on brain surfaces, and (iii) contextualizing findings at the microscale (postmortem cytoarchitecture and gene expression) and macroscale (structural and functional connectomes). Our Toolbox equips scientists with tutorials to explore molecular, histological, and network correlates of noninvasive neuroimaging markers of brain disorders. Moreover, our Toolbox bridges the gap between standardized data processing protocols and analytic workflows and facilitates cross-consortia initiatives. The Toolbox is documented and openly available at http://enigma-toolbox.readthedocs.io.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lariviere, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paquola, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benkarim, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vos de Wael, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valk, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ENIGMA Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sisodiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.21.423838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ENIGMA Toolbox: Cross-disorder integration and multiscale neural contextualization of multisite neuroimaging datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.423300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective Targeting of Ras Mutant Cancers via a New Small Molecule 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.23.423300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the Ras family of oncogenes are implicated in 33% of human cancers, making Ras an intensely pursued target in drug discovery. As an alternative to direct pharmacological inhibition of Ras, we looked for sensitivities in RAS mutant cells. Using a small molecule screen in cell lines with mutations in Ras and its effector Raf, we discovered 249C as a Ras-mutant selective cytotoxic agent against a spectrum of RAS-mutant cancers. By combining CRISPR chemical-genetic screening, comparative profiling and chemoproteomics, we identified that 249C binds to a unique subunit on vacuolar (V)-ATPase with nanomolar affinity, inhibiting its biochemical activity and, unexpectedly, altering V-ATPase translocation in Ras-induced macropinocytosis. Via binding to V-ATPase, 249C prevents lysosomal acidification and inhibits autophagy and macropinocytosis pathways that several Ras-driven cancers rely on for survival. In characterizing 249Cs mechanism, we show that potency varies with the identity of the RAS driver mutation highlighting a mutant-specific dependence on autophagy and macropinocytosis. Indeed, 249C potently inhibits tumor growth without adverse side effects in a mouse xenograft model of KRAS-driven non-small cell lung cancer. These data establish proof-of-concept for targeting V-ATPase as a way to indirectly target specific Ras mutants, and provide a fundamental link between V-ATPase localization and specific Ras mutant tumor-related activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tolani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fetter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Smith, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasanthakumar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisignano, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seiple, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinstein, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.423300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective Targeting of Ras Mutant Cancers via a New Small Molecule]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.24.424366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retracing the Evolutionary Trajectory of Adenine Base Editors Using Theoretical Approaches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.24.424366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adenine base editors (ABEs) have been subjected to multiple rounds of mutagenesis with the goal of optimizing their function as efficient and precise genome editing agents. Despite this ever-increasing data accumulation of the effects that these mutations have on the activity of ABEs, the molecular mechanisms defining these changes in activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we provide a systematic interpretation of the nature of these mutations using an entropy-based classification model that relies on evolutionary data from extant protein sequences. Using this model in conjunction with experimental analyses, we identify two previously reported mutations that form an epistatic pair in the RNA-editing functional landscape of ABEs. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the atomistic details of how these two mutations affect substrate-binding and catalytic activity, via both individual and cooperative effects, hence providing insights into the mechanisms through which these two mutations are epistatically coupled.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rallapalli, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranzau, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganapathy, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komor, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lab, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.24.424366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retracing the Evolutionary Trajectory of Adenine Base Editors Using Theoretical Approaches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.26.424449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MHC-II constrains the natural neutralizing antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBM in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.26.424449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies develop within two weeks of infection, but wane relatively rapidly post-infection, raising concerns about whether antibody responses will provide protection upon re-exposure. Here we revisit T-B cooperation as a prerequisite for effective and durable neutralizing antibody responses centered on a mutationally constrained RBM B cell epitope. T-B cooperation requires co-processing of B and T cell epitopes by the same B cell and is subject to MHC-II restriction. We evaluated MHC-II constraints relevant to the neutralizing antibody response to a mutationally-constrained B cell epitope in the receptor binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein. Examining common MHC-II alleles, we found that peptides surrounding this key B cell epitope are predicted to bind poorly, suggesting a lack MHC-II support in T-B cooperation, impacting generation of high-potency neutralizing antibodies in the general population. Additionally, we found that multiple microbial peptides had potential for RBM cross-reactivity, supporting previous exposures as a possible source of T cell memory.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.26.424449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MHC-II constrains the natural neutralizing antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBM in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 escape in vitro from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To investigate the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the immune population, we co-incubated authentic virus with a highly neutralizing plasma from a COVID-19 convalescent patient. The plasma fully neutralized the virus for 7 passages, but after 45 days, the deletion of F140 in the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) N3 loop led to partial breakthrough. At day 73, an E484K substitution in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) occurred, followed at day 80 by an insertion in the NTD N5 loop containing a new glycan sequon, which generated a variant completely resistant to plasma neutralization. Computational modeling predicts that the deletion and insertion in loops N3 and N5 prevent binding of neutralizing antibodies. The recent emergence in the United Kingdom and South Africa of natural variants with similar changes suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to escape an effective immune response and that vaccines and antibodies able to control emerging variants should be developed.

One Sentence SummaryThree mutations allowed SARS-CoV-2 to evade the polyclonal antibody response of a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andreano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licastro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paciello, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dal Monego, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manganaro, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyseni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benincasa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montomoli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLellan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappuoli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.424451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 escape in vitro from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterologous expression of methylxanthine synthesis enzymes in mammalian cells and their use as reporter proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This work demonstrates the reconstitution of active methylxanthine synthesis enzymes in human cells and their potential use as inducible reporter enzymes. A variety of plant enzymes involved in caffeine synthesis have been characterized in vitro and several of these methylxanthine synthesis enzymes have been heterologously-expressed in yeast or bacteria. In this work, enzymes from Coffea arabica, Camellia sinensis, and Paullinia cupana have been heterologously-expressed in human cells. We demonstrate that the enzymes tested exhibit similar patterns of activity with a set of xanthine substrates in human cells when compared to previous reports of in vitro activity. We demonstrate that the activity of these enzymes can be used as a reporter for juxtacrine signaling using synNotch-induced expression in the presence of an appropriate substrate. When used in combination with synthetic caffeine receptors, this work has potential for use as an in vivo reporter (e.g. enabling non-invasive monitoring of cell-cell interactions after a cellular transplant) or in synthetic intercellular signaling a methylxanthine, such as caffeine, acting as a synthetic paracrine hormone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cisneros, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.29.424659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterologous expression of methylxanthine synthesis enzymes in mammalian cells and their use as reporter proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structural basis for Ulp2 recruitment to the kinetochore 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.30.424835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The step-by-step process of chromosome segregation defines the stages of the cell division cycle. In eukaryotes, signaling pathways that control these steps converge upon the kinetochore, a multiprotein assembly that connects spindle microtubules to the centromere of each chromosome. Kinetochores control and adapt to major chromosomal transactions, including replication of centromeric DNA, biorientation of sister centromeres on the metaphase spindle, and transit of sister chromatids into daughter cells during anaphase. Although the mechanisms that ensure tight microtubule coupling at anaphase are at least partly understood, kinetochore adaptations that support other cell cycle transitions are not. We report here a mechanism that enables regulated control of kinetochore sumoylation. A conserved surface of the Ctf3/CENP-I kinetochore protein provides a binding site for the SUMO protease, Ulp2. Ctf3 mutations that disable Ulp2 recruitment cause elevated inner kinetochore sumoylation and defective chromosome segregation. The location of the site within the assembled kinetochore suggests coordination between sumoylation and other cell cycle-regulated processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinshaw, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.30.424835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structural basis for Ulp2 recruitment to the kinetochore]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.425022v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomics data availability and reusability in the transition from microarray to next-generation sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.425022v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the last two decades, molecular biology has been changed by the introduction of high-throughput technologies. Data sharing requirements have prompted the establishment of persistent data archives. A standardized approach for recording and managing these data was first proposed in the Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) guidelines. The Minimal Information about a high throughput nucleotide Sequencing Experiment (MINSEQE) proposal was introduced in 2008 as a logical extension of the guidelines to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies used for transcriptome analysis.

We present a historical snapshot of the data-sharing situation focusing on transcriptomics data from both microarray and RNA-sequencing experiments published between 2009 and 2013, a period during which RNA-seq studies became increasingly popular for transcriptome analysis. We assess how much data from RNA-seq based experiments is actually available in persistent data archives, compared to data derived from microarray based experiments, and evaluate how these types of data differ. Based on this analysis, we provide recommendations to improve RNA-seq data availability, reusability, and reproducibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rustici, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barzine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bumgarner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chierici, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furlanello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouellette, B. F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quackenbush, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeckert, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trutane, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winegarden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.31.425022</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomics data availability and reusability in the transition from microarray to next-generation sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.01.425040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 are super over-methylated in soft tissue sarcoma compared to normal muscle in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models: an indicator of cancer methionine addiction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.01.425040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methionine addiction is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer discovered by us almost a half-century ago [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 73 (1976) 1523-1527]. Methionine addiction is defined as the requirement, specific for cancer cells of all types, for exogenous methionine despite the normal ability to synthesize methionine from homocysteine. The methionine addiction of cancer is termed the Hoffman-effect, analogous to the Warburg-effect of the high glucose requirement of cancer cells. Methionine addiction is due to excess transmethylation reactions resulting in high methionine flux in cancer cells, which causes them to selectively arrest under methionine restriction due to depletion of free methionine and S-adenosyl methionine. Recently we have shown methionine-addicted cancer cells over-methylate histone H3 lysine marks which are not over-methylated in normal cells or in low-malignancy methionine-independent revertants derived from methionine-addicted cancer cells. In the present report, we show that in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of the most common soft tissue sarcomas: myxofibrosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and liposarcoma, histone H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 are super over-methylated compared to normal muscle tissue. This new result is discussed along with our previous reports, regarding the potential of histone H3 over-methylation as a basis of malignancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aoki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishida, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tashiro, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inubushi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tome, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.01.425040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 are super over-methylated in soft tissue sarcoma compared to normal muscle in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models: an indicator of cancer methionine addiction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comberons from single cell transcriptomics in endothelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
VEGF inhibitor drugs have been successful, especially in ophthalmology, but not all patients respond to them. Combinations of drugs are likely to be needed for more effective therapies of angiogenesis-related diseases. In this paper we describe naturally occurring combinations of receptors in endothelial cells that might help to understand how cells communicate and to identify targets for drug combinations. We also develop and share a new software tool called DECNEO to identify them.

Single-cell gene expression data are used to identify a set of co-expressed endothelial cell receptors, conserved among species (mice and humans) and enriched, within a network, of connections to up-regulated genes. This set includes several receptors previously shown to play a role in angiogenesis. Multiple statistical tests from large datasets, including an independent validation set, support the reproducibility, evolutionary conservation and role in angiogenesis of these naturally occurring combinations of receptors. We also show tissue-specific combinations and, in the case of choroid endothelial cells, consistency with both well-established and recent experimental findings, presented in a separate paper.

The results and methods presented here advance the understanding of signaling to endothelial cells. The methods are generally applicable to the decoding of intercellular combinations of signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Domanskyi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakansson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff Zivin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piermarocchi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paternostro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.04.425317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comberons from single cell transcriptomics in endothelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous readout of multiple FRET pairs using photochromism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.06.425528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful mechanism to probe associations in situ. Simultaneously performing more than one FRET measurement can be challenging due to the spectral band-width required for the donor and acceptor fluorophores. We present an approach to distinguish overlapping FRET pairs based on the photochromism of the donor fluorophores, even if the involved fluorophores display essentially identical absorption and emission spectra. We develop the theory underlying this method and validate our approach using numerical simulations. To apply our system, we develop rsAKARev, a photochromic biosensor for cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA), and combine it with the spectrally-identical biosensor EKARev, a reporter for ERK kinase activity, to deliver simultaneous readout of both activities in the same cell. We further perform multiplexed PKA, ERK, and calcium measurements by including a third, spectrally-shifted biosensor. Our work demonstrates that exploiting donor photochromism in FRET can be a powerful approach to simultaneously read out multiple associations within living cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roebroek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenberg, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipieter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugelier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stove, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedecker, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.06.425528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous readout of multiple FRET pairs using photochromism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglial Neuropilin-1 trans-regulates oligodendrocyte expansion during development and remyelination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NG2 glia or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are distributed throughout the gray and white matter and generate myelinating cells. OPCs in white matter proliferate more than those in gray matter in response to platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF AA), despite similar levels of its alpha receptor (PDGFR) on their surface. Here we show that the type 1 integral membrane protein Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is expressed not on OPCs but on amoeboid and activated microglia in white but not gray matter in an age- and activity-dependent manner. Microglia-specific deletion of Nrp1 compromised developmental OPC proliferation in white matter as well as OPC expansion and subsequent myelin repair after acute demyelination. Exogenous Nrp1 increased PDGF AA-induced OPC proliferation and PDGFR phosphorylation on dissociated OPCs, most prominently in the presence of suboptimum concentrations of PDGF AA. These findings uncover a novel mechanism of regulating oligodendrocyte lineage cell density that involves trans-activation of PDGFR on OPCs via Nrp1 expressed by adjacent microglia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherafat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeiffer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishiyama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.07.425796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglial Neuropilin-1 trans-regulates oligodendrocyte expansion during development and remyelination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling unexpected complexity and multipotentiality of early heart fields 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex organs are composed of a multitude of specialized cell types which assemble to form functional biological structures. How these cell types are created and organized remains to be elucidated for many organs including the heart, the first organ to form during embryogenesis. Here, we show the ontogeny of mammalian mesoderm at high-resolution single cell and genetic lineage/clonal analyses, which revealed an unexpected complexity of the contribution and multi-potentiality of mesodermal progenitors to cardiac lineages creating distinct cell types forming specific regions of the heart. Single-cell transcriptomics of Mesp1 lineage-traced cells during embryogenesis and corresponding trajectory analyses uncovered unanticipated developmental relationships between these progenitors and lineages including two mesodermal progenitor sources contributing to the first heart field (FHF), an intraembryonic and a previously uncharacterized extraembryonic-related source, that produce distinct cardiac lineages creating the left ventricle. Lineage-tracing studies revealed that these extraembryonic-related FHF progenitors reside at the extraembryonic-intraembryonic interface in gastrulating embryos and generate cardiac cell types that form the epicardium and the dorsolateral regions of the left ventricle and atrioventricular canal myocardium. Clonal analyses further showed that these progenitors are multi-potent, creating not only cardiomyocytes and epicardial cell types but also extraembryonic mesoderm. Overall, these results reveal unsuspected multiregional origins of the heart fields, and provide new insights into the relationship between intraembryonic cardiac lineages and extraembryonic tissues and the associations between congenital heart disease and placental insufficiency anomalies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloomekatz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling unexpected complexity and multipotentiality of early heart fields]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.10.426155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interhemispheric connectivity endures across species: An allometric expose on the corpuscallosum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.10.426155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rilling & Insel have argued that in primates, bigger brains have proportionally fewer anatomical interhemispheric connections, leading to reduced functional connectivity between the hemispheres (1). They based this on a comparison between surface areas of the corpus callosum and cortex rather than estimating connection counts, while leaving out other quantities also dependent on brain size such as callosal fiber density, neuron density, and number of functional areas.

We use data from the literature to directly estimate connection counts. First, we estimate callosal fiber density as a function of brain size. We validate this by comparing out-of-sample human data to our functions estimate. We then mine the literature to obtain function estimates for all other quantities, and use them to estimate intra- and interhemispheric white matter connection counts as a function of brain size.

The results show a much larger decrease in the scaling of interhemispheric to intrahemispheric connections than previously estimated. However, we hypothesize that raw connection counts are the wrong quantity to be estimating when considering functional connectivity. Instead, we hypothesize that functional connectivity is related to connection counts relative to the number of cortical areas.

Accordingly, we estimate inter-area connection counts for intra- and interhemispheric connectivity and find no difference in how they scale with brain size. We find that, on average, an interhemispheric inter-area connection contains 3-8x more connections than an intrahemispheric inter-area connection, regardless of brain size. In doing so, we find that the fiber count of the human corpus callosum has been underestimated by 20%.

Significance StatementThere are arguments in the literature that larger brains have proportionally fewer interhemispheric connections. We find that the decrease is even larger than previously estimated. However, we argue that this quantity is the wrong thing to measure: Rather, we should measure functional connectivity between cortical areas. We show that the ratio of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric connectivity between cortical areas is constant across mammalian species. These findings are consistent with a growing literature that suggest interhemispheric connectivity is special across all primate species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cipollini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottrell, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.10.426155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interhemispheric connectivity endures across species: An allometric expose on the corpuscallosum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical interplay and complementary adaptative strategies toggle bacterial antagonism and co-existence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial communities are in a continuous adaptive and evolutionary race for survival. A myriad of molecules that kill, defend, or mediate communication between bacterial cells of different lineages shape the final structure of the microbial community. In this work we expand our knowledge on the chemical interplay and specific mutations that modulate the transition from antagonism to co-existence between two plant-beneficial bacteria, Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1606 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. We reveal that the bacteriostatic activity of bacillaene produced by Bacillus relies on an interaction with the protein elongation factor FusA and how mutations in this protein lead to tolerance to bacillaene and other protein translation inhibitors. Additionally, we describe how the unspecific tolerance to antimicrobials associated with mutations in the glycerol kinase GlpK is provoked mainly by a decrease of Bacillus cell membrane permeability among other pleiotropic cellular responses. We conclude that nutrient specialization and mutations in basic biological functions are bacterial evolutive and adaptive strategies that lead to the coexistence of two primary competitive bacterial species rather than their mutual eradication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molina-Santiago, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vela-Corcia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Martinez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Lorente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sopena-Torres, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vicente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>romero, d.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.11.426172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical interplay and complementary adaptative strategies toggle bacterial antagonism and co-existence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust RNA editing via recruitment of endogenous ADARs using circular guide RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Akin to short-hairpin RNAs and antisense oligonucleotides which efficaciously recruit endogenous cellular machinery such as Argonaute and RNase H to enable targeted RNA knockdown, simple long antisense guide RNAs (1) can recruit endogenous adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) to enable programmable A-to-I RNA editing, without requiring co-delivery of any exogenous proteins. This approach is highly specific, however the efficiency is typically lower than observed with enzyme overexpression. Conjecturing this was due in part to the short half-life and residence times of guide RNAs, here we engineer highly stable circular ADAR recruiting guide RNAs (cadRNAs), which can be delivered not only by genetically encoding on DNA vectors, but also via transfection of RNA molecules transcribed in vitro. Using these cadRNAs, we observed robust RNA editing across multiple sites and cell lines, in both untranslated and coding regions of RNAs, vastly improved efficiency and durability of RNA editing, and high transcriptome-wide specificity. High transcript-level specificity was achieved by further engineering to reduce bystander editing. Additionally, in vivo delivery of cadRNAs via adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) enabled robust 38% RNA editing of the mPCSK9 transcript in C57BL/6J mice livers, and 12% UAG-to-UGG RNA correction of the amber nonsense mutation in the IDUA-W392X mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler (MPS I-H) syndrome. Taken together, cadRNAs enable efficacious programmable RNA editing with application across diverse protein modulation and gene therapeutic settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katrekar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meluzzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savva, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.426286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust RNA editing via recruitment of endogenous ADARs using circular guide RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage suggest a single origin followed by multiple exportation events versus convergent evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.12.426373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 herald a new phase of the pandemic. This study used state-of-the-art phylodynamic methods to ascertain that the rapid rise of B.1.1.7 "Variant of Concern" most likely occurred by global dispersal rather than convergent evolution from multiple sources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vrancken, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellicour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaillon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.426373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage suggest a single origin followed by multiple exportation events versus convergent evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The epigenetic eraser LSD1 lies at the apex of a reversible erythroid to myeloid cell fate decision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
H3K4Me demethylase KDM1a/LSD1 is a therapeutic target for multiple diseases, including the {beta}-globinopathies (sickle cell disease and {beta}-thalassemia) since its inactivation has been shown to lead to robust induction of the fetal globin genes. Here we examined the consequences of conditional inactivation of Lsd1 in adult red blood cells using a new Gata1creERT2 BAC transgene. Loss of Lsd1 activity in mice blocked erythroid differentiation and expanded GMP-like cells, converting hematopoietic differentiation potential from an erythroid to a myeloid fate. The analogous phenotype was also observed in human HSPC, coincident with induction of myeloid transcription factors (e.g. PU.1 and CEBP). Finally, blocking the activity of myeloid transcription factors PU.1 or RUNX1 at the same time as LSD1 reverted myeloid lineage conversion to an erythroid phenotype. The data show that LSD1 promotes erythropoiesis by repressing myeloid cell fate, and that inhibition of myeloid differentiation reverses the lineage switch caused by LSD1 inactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jearawiriyapaisarn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moriguchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoriaty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedron, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushweller, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The epigenetic eraser LSD1 lies at the apex of a reversible erythroid to myeloid cell fate decision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic architecture of human cortical folding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The folding of the human cerebral cortex is a highly genetically regulated process that allows for a much larger surface area to fit into the cranial vault and optimizes functional organization. Sulcal depth is a robust, yet understudied measure of localized folding, previously associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of sulcal depth. Through the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest) applied to vertexwise measures from 33,748 participants of the UK Biobank (mean age 64.3 years, 52.0% female) we identified 856 genetic loci associated with sulcal depth at genome-wide significance (=5x10-8). Comparison with two other measures of cortical morphology, cortical thickness and surface area, indicated that sulcal depth has higher yield in terms of loci discovered, higher heritability and higher effective sample size. There was a large amount of genetic overlap between the three traits, with gene-based analyses indicating strong associations with neurodevelopmental processes. Our findings demonstrate sulcal depth is a promising MRI phenotype that may enhance our understanding of human cortical morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelfs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monereo Sanchez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linden, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokicki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Leeuw, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westlye, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic architecture of human cortical folding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The termite fungal cultivar Termitomyces combines diverse enzymes and oxidative reactions for plant biomass conversion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrotermitine termites have domesticated fungi in the genus Termitomyces as their primary food source using pre-digested plant biomass. To access the full nutritional value of lignin-enriched plant biomass, the termite-fungus symbiosis requires the depolymerization of this complex phenolic polymer. While most previous work suggests that lignocellulose degradation is accomplished predominantly by the fungal cultivar, our current understanding of the underlying biomolecular mechanisms remains rudimentary. Here, we provide conclusive OMICs and activity-based evidence that Termitomyces partially depolymerizes lignocellulose through the combined actions of high-redox potential oxidizing enzymes (laccases, aryl-alcohol oxidases and a manganese peroxidase), the production of extracellular H2O2 and Fenton-based oxidative degradation, which is catalyzed by a newly described 2-methoxybenzoquinone/hydroquinone redox shuttle system and mediated by secreted chelating dicarboxylic acids. In combination, our approaches reveal a comprehensive depiction of how the efficient biomass degradation mechanism in this ancient insect agricultural symbiosis is accomplished through a combination of white- and brown-rot mechanisms.

ImportanceFungus-growing termites have perfected the decomposition of recalcitrant plant biomass to access valuable nutrients by engaging in a tripartite symbiosis with complementary contributions from a fungal mutualist and a co-diversified gut microbiome. This complex symbiotic interplay makes them one of the most successful and important decomposers for carbon cycling in Old World ecosystems. To date, most research has focused on the enzymatic contributions of microbial partners to carbohydrate decomposition. Here we provide genomic, transcriptomic and enzymatic evidence that Termitomyces also employs redox mechanisms, including diverse ligninolytic enzymes and a Fenton-based hydroquinone-catalyzed lignin-degradation mechanism, to break down lignin-rich plant material. Insights into these efficient decomposition mechanisms open new sources of efficient ligninolytic agents applicable for energy generation from renewable sources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schalk, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gostincar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreuzenbeck, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schantz-Conlon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommerwerk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkhardt, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krüger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kniemeyer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brakhage, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunde-Cimerman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Beer, W. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickschat, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beemelmanns, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The termite fungal cultivar Termitomyces combines diverse enzymes and oxidative reactions for plant biomass conversion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.17.427002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic molecular epidemiology reveals lineage-associated single-nucleotide variants that alter RNA structure in Chikungunya virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.17.427002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging Alphavirus which causes millions of human infections every year. Outbreaks have been reported in Africa and Asia since the early 1950s, from three CHIKV lineages: West African, East Central South African, and Asian Urban. As new outbreaks occurred in the Americas, individual strains from the known lineages have evolved, creating new monophyletic groups that generated novel geographic-based lineages. Building on a recently updated phylogeny of CHIKV, we report here the availability of an interactive CHIKV phylodynamics dataset, which is based on more than 900 publicly available CHIKV genomes. We provide an interactive view of CHIKV molecular epidemiology built on Nextstrain, a web-based visualization framework for real-time tracking of pathogen evolution. CHIKV molecular epidemiology reveals single nucleotide variants that change the stability and fold of locally stable RNA structures. We propose alternative RNA structure formation in different CHIKV lineages by predicting more than a dozen RNA elements that are subject to perturbation of the structure ensemble upon variation of a single nucleotide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spicher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delitz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfinger, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.17.427002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic molecular epidemiology reveals lineage-associated single-nucleotide variants that alter RNA structure in Chikungunya virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) influences maturation and mitochondrial dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a major HDAC protein in the adult brain and has been shown to regulate many neuronal genes. Aberrant expression of HDAC2 and subsequent dysregulation of neuronal gene expression is implicated in neurodegeneration and brain aging. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (hiPSC-Ns) are widely used models for studying neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but the role of HDAC2 in hiPSC-N differentiation and maturation has not been explored. In this study, we show that levels of HDAC2 progressively decrease as hiPSCs are differentiated towards neurons. This suppression of HDAC2 inversely corresponds to an increase in neuron-specific isoforms of Endophilin-B1, a multifunctional protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics. Expression of neuron-specific isoforms of Endophilin-B1 is accompanied by concomitant expression of a neuron-specific alternative splicing factor, SRRM4. Manipulation of HDAC2 and Endophilin-B1 using lentiviral approaches shows that knock-down of HDAC2 or overexpression of a neuron-specific Endophilin-B1 isoform promotes mitochondrial elongation and protects against cytotoxic stress in hiPSC-Ns, while HDAC2 knock-down specifically influences genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics and synaptogenesis. Furthermore, HDAC2 knock-down promotes enhanced mitochondrial respiration and reduces levels of neurotoxic amyloid beta peptides. Collectively, our study demonstrates a role for HDAC2 in hiPSC-neuronal differentiation, highlights neuron-specific isoforms of Endophilin-B1 as a marker of differentiating hiPSC-Ns, and demonstrates that HDAC2 regulates key neuronal and mitochondrial pathways in hiPSC-Ns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frankowski, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeboah, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinoshita, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evitts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinoshita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.18.427156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) influences maturation and mitochondrial dynamics in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.20.426524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation and characterization of a laforin nanobody inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.20.426524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the gene encoding the glycogen phosphatase laforin result in the fatal childhood epilepsy Lafora disease (LD). A cellular hallmark of LD is cytoplasmic, hyper-phosphorylated, glycogen-like aggregates called Lafora bodies (LBs) that form in nearly all tissues and drive disease progression. Additional tools are needed to define the cellular function of laforin, understand the pathological role of laforin in LD, and determine the role of glycogen phosphate in glycogen metabolism. We present the generation and characterization of laforin nanobodies. We identify multiple classes of specific laforin-binding nanobodies and determine their binding epitopes using hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry. Further, one family of nanobodies is identified that serves as an inhibitor of laforin catalytic activity. The laforin nanobodies are an important set of tools that open new avenues to define unresolved questions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simmons, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wayne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Kooi, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.20.426524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation and characterization of a laforin nanobody inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.20.427507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation by Progestins, Corticosteroids and RU486 of Activation of Elephant Shark and Human Progesterone Receptors: An Evolutionary Perspective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.20.427507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigated progestin and corticosteroid activation of the progesterone receptor (PR) from elephant shark, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the oldest group of jawed vertebrates. Comparison with human PR provides insights into the evolution of steroid activation of human PR. At 1 nM steroid, elephant shark PR is activated by progesterone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 20{beta}-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone (21-hydroxyprogesterone) and 11-deoxycortisol. Human PR, in comparison, is activated at 1 nM steroid, only by progesterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone, indicating increased progestin and corticosteroid specificity during the evolution of human PR. RU486, an important clinical antagonist of human PR, did not inhibit progesterone activation of elephant shark PR. Cys-528 in elephant shark PR corresponds to Gly-722 in human PR, which is essential for RU486 inhibition of human PR. Confirming the importance of Cys-528 in elephant shark PR, RU486 inhibited progesterone activation of the Cys528Gly mutant PR. Compared to wild-type human PR, there was an increase in activation of human Gly722Cys PR by11-deoxycortisol and a decrease in activation by corticosterone, which may have been important in selection for the mutation corresponding to human glycine-722 PR that first evolved in platypus PR, a basal mammal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ijiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.20.427507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation by Progestins, Corticosteroids and RU486 of Activation of Elephant Shark and Human Progesterone Receptors: An Evolutionary Perspective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DEPP: Deep Learning Enables Extending Species Trees using Single Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Placing new sequences onto reference phylogenies is increasingly used for analyzing environmental samples, especially microbiomes. However, existing placement methods have a fundamental limitation: they assume that query sequences have evolved using specific models directly on the reference phylogeny. Thus, they can place single-gene data (e.g., 16S rRNA amplicons) onto their own gene tree. This practice is a proxy for a more ambitious goal: extending a (genome-wide) species tree given data from individual genes. No algorithm currently addresses this challenging problem. Here, we introduce Deep-learning Enabled Phylogenetic Placement (DEPP), an algorithm that learns to extend species trees using single genes without pre-specified models. We show that DEPP updates the multi-locus microbial tree-of-life with single genes with high accuracy. We further demonstrate that DEPP can achieve the long-standing goal of combining 16S and metagenomic data onto a single tree, enabling community structure analyses that were previously impossible and producing robust patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.22.427808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DEPP: Deep Learning Enables Extending Species Trees using Single Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defects in translation-dependent quality control pathways lead to convergent molecular and neurodevelopmental pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translation-dependent quality control pathways such as no-go decay (NGD), non-stop decay (NSD) and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) govern protein synthesis and proteostasis by resolving non-translating ribosomes and preventing the production of potentially toxic peptides derived from faulty and aberrant mRNAs. However, how translation is altered and the in vivo defects that arise in the absence of these pathways are poorly understood. Here, we show that the NGD/NSD factors Pelo and Hbs1l are critical for cerebellar neurogenesis but expendable for survival of these neurons after development. Analysis of mutant embryonic fibroblasts revealed translational pauses, alteration of signaling pathways, and translational reprogramming. Similar effects on signaling pathways, the translatome and cerebellar development were observed upon deletion of the NMD factor Upf2. These data reveal that these quality control pathways that function to mitigate errors at distinct steps in translation can evoke similar cellular responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terrey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.25.428167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defects in translation-dependent quality control pathways lead to convergent molecular and neurodevelopmental pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of an IKK2 Site that Allosterically Controls Its Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.27.428502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I{kappa}B kinase 2/{beta} (IKK2) is a critical regulator of inflammation which is inducibly activated by a host of stimuli. Aberrant activation of IKK2 is the leading cause of most inflammatory diseases and many associated cancers. Efforts to prevent these diseases by small-molecule inhibitors of IKK2 activity have not been successful. Most inhibitors developed for IKK2 are ATP-competitive, and they are toxic in vivo due to their off-target effects. Here we focused on identifying inhibitors to block IKK2 activity from an allosteric site, not the ATP-binding pocket. Using virtual screening, we first identified several candidate allosteric sites and screened for potential small-molecule binders, and then selected candidates inhibitory to IKK2 activity using cell-based functional assays. Hydrogen deuterium exchange coupled to mass-spectrometry (HDX-MS) and MS-MS assays revealed that a class of benzoyl conjugates of pyrrolidinedione covalently bound to a site located at the interface of the kinase domain (KD) and the helical domain (SDD), and inhibited IKK2 activation allosterically by preventing phosphorylation of its activation loop serines. Additionally, this class of inhibitor partially blocks IKK2s catalytic activity by enhancing dynamics within the ATP binding pocket and likely the general active site. Hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments further revealed that while binding of substrate ATP perturbs only the local structure surrounding its binding site, binding to ATP-competitive or allosteric inhibitors induces structural perturbations in an expansive area including the helical domain. We propose that these allosteric sites can act as specific targets for the development of novel potent IKK inhibitors.

SIGNIFICANCEAberrant activation of IKK2 is the leading cause of most inflammatory diseases and many associated cancers. Most inhibitors developed for IKK2 are ATP-competitive, and they are toxic in vivo due to their off-target effects. By combination of virtual screening and cell-based functional assays, we identified small-molecule binders of the class of benzoyl conjugates of pyrrolidinedione that block IKK2 activity from an allosteric site through covalent attachment and could be specific only for IKK2. HDX-MS and MS-MS assays identified a binding pocket with a  Cys-Cys motif for these inhibitors, and revealed specific differences in IKK2 dynamics upon binding to substrate ATP vs ATP-competitive and allosteric inhibitors. Present work provides a framework for the development of allosteric inhibitors to combat IKK2-induced diseases inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hotchkiss, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulero, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konduri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.27.428502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of an IKK2 Site that Allosterically Controls Its Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating repeat spectra and genome length from low-coverage genome skims with RESPECT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cost of sequencing the genome is dropping at a much faster rate compared to assembling and finishing the genome. The use of lightly sampled genomes (genome-skims) could be transformative for genomic ecology, and results using k-mers have shown the advantage of this approach in identification and phylogenetic placement of eukaryotic species. Here, we revisit the basic question of estimating genomic parameters such as genome length, coverage, and repeat structure, focusing specifically on estimating the k-mer repeat spectrum. We show using a mix of theoretical and empirical analysis that there are fundamental limitations to estimating the k-mer spectra due to ill-conditioned systems, and that has implications for other genomic parameters. We get around this problem using a novel constrained optimization approach (Spline Linear Programming), where the constraints are learned empirically. On reads simulated at 1X coverage from 66 genomes, our method, REPeat SPECTra Estimation (RESPECT), had < 1.5% error in length estimation compared to 34% error previously achieved. In shotgun sequenced read samples with contaminants, RESPECT length estimates had median error 4%, in contrast to other methods that had median error 80%. Together, the results suggest that low-pass genomic sequencing can yield reliable estimates of the length and repeat content of the genome. The RESPECT software will be publicly available at https://github.com/shahab-sarmashghi/RESPECT.git
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarmashghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachtman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touri, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating repeat spectra and genome length from low-coverage genome skims with RESPECT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic mutational profiles and germline polygenic risk scores in human cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mutational profile of a cancer reflects the activity of the mutagenic processes which have been operative throughout the lineage of the cancer cell. These processes leave characteristic profiles of somatic mutations called mutational signatures. Mutational signatures, including single-based substitution (SBS) signatures, may reflect the effects of exogenous or endogenous exposures. Here, we used polygenic risk score (PRS) as proxies for exposures and examined the association between somatic mutational profiles and germline PRS in 12 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We found 17 statistically significant associations after Bonferroni correction (p < 3.15x10-5), including positive associations between germline inflammatory bowel disease PRS and number of somatic mutations of signature SBS1 in prostate cancer and APOBEC-related signatures in breast cancer. The age at menarche PRS was inversely associated with mutation counts of SBS1 in prostate cancer. Our analysis suggests that there are robust associations between tumor somatic mutational profiles and germline PRS. These may reflect mechanisms through hormone regulation and immunological responses that contribute to cancer etiology and drive cancer progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gusev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heng, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic mutational profiles and germline polygenic risk scores in human cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-Canonical Projections from Ventral CA1 and Subicular Complex to CA3 Augments the Feedforward Hippocampal Trisynaptic Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampal formation is well documented as having a feedforward, unidirectional circuit organization termed the trisynaptic pathway. This circuit organization exists along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampal formation, but the circuit connectivity across septal to temporal regions is less well described. The emergence of viral-genetic mapping techniques enhances our ability to determine the detailed complexity of hippocampal formation circuitry. In earlier work, we mapped a subiculum back-projection to CA1 prompted by the discovery of theta wave back-propagation from the subiculum to CA1 and CA3. We reason that this circuitry may represent multiple extended non-canonical pathways involving the subicular complex and hippocampal subregions CA1 and CA3. In the present study, multiple retrograde viral tracing approaches produced robust mapping results, which supports this prediction. We find significant non-canonical synaptic inputs to dorsal hippocampal CA3 from ventral CA1, perirhinal cortex, and the subicular complex. Thus, CA1 inputs to CA3 run opposite the trisynaptic pathway and in a temporal to septal direction. Our retrograde viral tracing results are confirmed by anterograde-directed viral mapping of projections from input mapped regions to hippocampal dorsal CA3. Together, our data provide a circuit foundation to explore novel functional roles contributed by these non-canonical hippocampal circuit connections to hippocampal dynamics and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amarlraj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todd, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.429124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-Canonical Projections from Ventral CA1 and Subicular Complex to CA3 Augments the Feedforward Hippocampal Trisynaptic Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A modular platform for engineering function ofnatural and synthetic biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation is emerging as a universal principle for how cells use dynamic subcompartmentalization to organize biochemical reactions in time and space1,2. Yet, whether the emergent physical properties of these biomolecular condensates are important for their biological function remains unclear. The intrinsically disordered protein PopZ forms membraneless condensates at the poles of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus and selectively sequesters kinase-signaling cascades to regulate asymmetric cell division3-5. By dissecting the molecular grammar underlying PopZ phase separation, we find that unlike many eukaryotic examples, where unstructured regions drive condensation6,7, a structured domain of PopZ drives condensation, while conserved repulsive features of the disordered region modulate material properties. By generating rationally designed PopZ mutants, we find that the exact material properties of PopZ condensates directly determine cellular fitness, providing direct evidence for the physiological importance of the emergent properties of biomolecular condensates. Our work codifies a clear set of design principles illuminating how sequence variation in a disordered domain alters the function of a widely conserved bacterial condensate. We used these insights to repurpose PopZ as a modular platform for generating synthetic condensates of tunable function in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lasker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeynaems, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stainton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquemyn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daelemans, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A modular platform for engineering function ofnatural and synthetic biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pre-mutagenic and mutagenic changes imprinted on the genomes of mammalian cells after irradiation with a nail polish dryer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultraviolet A light is commonly emitted by UV-nail polish dryers with recent reports suggesting that long-term use may increase the risk for developing skin cancer. However, no experimental evaluation has been conducted to reveal the effect of radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers on mammalian cells. Here, we show that irradiation by a UV-nail polish dryer causes high levels of reactive oxygen species, consistent with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Analysis of somatic mutations reveals a dose-dependent increase of C:G>A:T substitutions in irradiated samples with mutagenic patterns similar to mutational signatures attributed to reactive oxygen species. In summary, this study demonstrates that radiation emitted by UV-nail polish dryers can both damage DNA and permanently engrave mutations on the genomes of mammalian cells. These results have far-reaching implications in regard to public health and to preventing skin cancer due to consumer-based exposure to ultraviolet light from artificial sources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhivagui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valenzuela, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pre-mutagenic and mutagenic changes imprinted on the genomes of mammalian cells after irradiation with a nail polish dryer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High fiber, whole foods dietary intervention alters the human gut microbiome but not fecal short-chain fatty acids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dietary shifts can have a direct impact on the gut microbiome by preferentially selecting for microbes capable of utilizing the various dietary nutrients. Intake of dietary fiber has decreased precipitously in the last century, while consumption of processed foods has increased. Fiber, or microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), persist in the digestive tract and can be metabolized by specific bacteria encoding fiber degrading enzymes. Digestion of MACs results in the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolic byproducts that are critical to human health. Here, we implemented a two-week dietary fiber intervention aiming for 40-50 grams of fiber per day within the context of a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) (n = 20). By coupling shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we found that the dietary intervention significantly altered the composition of individual gut microbiomes, accounting for 8.3% of the longitudinal variability within subjects. Notably, microbial taxa that increased in relative abundance as a result of the diet change included known MAC degraders (i.e., Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus). We further assessed the genetic diversity within Bifidobacterium, assayed by amplification of the groEL gene. Concomitant with microbial composition changes, we show an increase in the abundance of genes involved in inositol degradation. Despite these changes in gut microbiome composition, we did not detect a consistent shift in SCFA abundance. Collectively, our results demonstrate that on a short-term timescale of two weeks, increased fiber intake can induce compositional changes of the gut microbiome, including an increase in MAC degrading bacteria.

IMPORTANCEA profound decrease in the consumption of dietary fiber in many parts of the world in the last century may be associated with the increasing prevalence of Type II diabetes, colon cancer, and other health problems. A typical U.S. diet includes about [~]15 grams of fiber per day, far less fiber than daily recommended allowance. Changes in dietary fiber intake affect human health not only through the uptake of nutrients directly, but also indirectly through changes in the microbial community and their associated metabolism. Here we conducted a two-week diet intervention in healthy young adults to investigate the impact of fiber consumption on the gut microbiome. Participants increased their average fiber consumption by 25 grams/day on average for two weeks. The high fiber diet intervention altered the gut microbiome of the study participants, including increases in known fiber degrading microbes such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orchanian, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedel, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massimelli Sewall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martiny, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.04.429869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High fiber, whole foods dietary intervention alters the human gut microbiome but not fecal short-chain fatty acids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale tandem mass spectrum clustering using fast nearest neighbor searching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleAdvanced algorithmic solutions are necessary to process the ever increasing amounts of mass spectrometry data that is being generated. Here we describe the falcon spectrum clustering tool for efficient clustering of millions of MS/MS spectra.

Methodsfalcon succeeds in efficiently clustering large amounts of mass spectral data using advanced techniques for fast spectrum similarity searching. First, high-resolution spectra are binned and converted to low-dimensional vectors using feature hashing. Next, the spectrum vectors are used to construct nearest neighbor indexes for fast similarity searching. The nearest neighbor indexes are used to efficiently compute a sparse pairwise distance matrix without having to exhaustively perform all pairwise spectrum comparisons within the relevant precursor mass tolerance. Finally, density-based clustering is performed to group similar spectra into clusters.

ResultsSeveral state-of-the-art spectrum clustering tools were evaluated using a large draft human proteome dataset consisting of 25 million spectra, indicating that alternative tools produce clustering results with different characteristics. Notably, falcon generates larger highly pure clusters than alternative tools, leading to a larger reduction in data volume without the loss of relevant information for more efficient downstream processing.

Conclusionsfalcon is a highly efficient spectrum clustering tool. It is publicly available as open source under the permissive BSD license at https://github.com/bittremieux/falcon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laukens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale tandem mass spectrum clustering using fast nearest neighbor searching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of IL-1 in adipose browning and muscle wasting in CKD-associated cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytokines such as IL-6, TNF- and IL-1{beta} trigger inflammatory cascades which may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated cachexia. CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in mice. We studied energy homeostasis in Il1{beta}-/-/CKD, Il6-/-/CKD and Tnf-/-/CKD mice and compared with wild type (WT)/CKD controls. Parameters of cachexia phenotype were completely normalized in Il1{beta}-/-/CKD mice but were only partially rescued in Il6-/-/CKD and Tnf-/-/CKD mice. We tested the effects of anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, on CKD-associated cachexia. WT/CKD mice were treated with anakinra (2.5 mg.kg.day, IP) or saline for 6 weeks and compared with WT/sham controls. Anakinra normalized food intake and weight gain, fat and lean mass content, metabolic rate and muscle function, and also attenuated molecular perturbations of energy homeostasis in adipose tissue and muscle in WT/CKD mice. Anakinra attenuated browning of white adipose tissue in WT/CKD mice. Moreover, anakinra normalized gastrocnemius weight and fiber size as well as attenuated muscle fat infiltration in WT/CKD mice. This was accompanied by correcting the increased muscle wasting signaling pathways while promoting the decreased myogenesis process in gastrocnemius of WT/CKD mice. We performed qPCR analysis for the top 20 differentially expressed muscle genes previously identified via RNAseq analysis in WT/CKD mice versus controls. Importantly, 17 differentially expressed muscle genes were attenuated in anakinra treated WT/CKD mice. In conclusion, IL-1 receptor antagonism may represent a novel targeted treatment for adipose tissue browning and muscle wasting in CKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheung, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of IL-1 in adipose browning and muscle wasting in CKD-associated cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting interleukin-1 for reversing fat browning and muscle wasting in infantile nephropathic cystinosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCtns-/- mice, a mouse model of infantile nephropathic cystinosis, exhibit hypermetabolism with adipose tissue browning and profound muscle wasting. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 trigger inflammatory cascades and play an important role in the pathogenesis of cachexia. Anakinra is an FDA-approved IL-1 receptor antagonist that blocks IL-1 signaling and may provide targeted novel therapy.

MethodsCtns-/- mice were bred to Il6 -/- and Il1{beta} -/- mice. Ctns-/- mice and wild type control were treated with anakinra (2.5 mg.kg.day, IP) or saline as vehicle for 6 weeks. We quantitated total fat mass and studied expression of molecules regulating adipose tissue browning. We measured gastrocnemius weight, total lean mass content, muscle function (grip strength and rotarod activity), muscle fiber size, muscle fatty infiltration and expression of molecules regulating muscle metabolism. We also evaluated the effects of anakinra on the muscle transcriptome.

ResultsIl-1{beta} deficiency or treatment with anakinra normalized food intake and weight gain, fat and lean mass content, metabolic rate and muscle function in Ctns-/- mice. Anakinra also diminished molecular perturbations of energy homeostasis in adipose tissue and muscle, specifically, aberrant expression of beige adipose cell biomarkers (UCP-1, CD137, Tmem26 and Tbx1) and molecules implicated in adipocyte tissue browning (Cox2/Pgf2, Tlr2, Myd88 and Traf6) in inguinal white adipose tissue in Ctns-/- mice. Moreover, anakinra normalized gastrocnemius weight and fiber size as well as attenuated muscle fat infiltration in Ctns-/- mice. This was accompanied by correction of the increased muscle wasting signaling pathways (increased protein content of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK and NF-{kappa}B p65 and gene expression of Atrogin-1 and Myostatin) and the decreased myogenesis process (decreased gene expression of MyoD and Myogenin) in gastrocnemius of Ctns-/- mice. Finally, anakinra normalized or attenuated 12 of those top 20 differentially expressed muscle genes in Ctns-/- mice.

ConclusionsAnakinra attenuates adipose tissue browning and muscle wasting in Ctns-/- mice. IL-1 receptor blockade may represent a novel targeted treatment for cachexia in patients with infantile nephropathic cystinosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheung, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting interleukin-1 for reversing fat browning and muscle wasting in infantile nephropathic cystinosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of independent cohorts of outbred CFW mice reveals novel loci for behavioral and physiological traits and identifies factors determining reproducibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combining samples for genetic association is standard practice in human genetic analysis of complex traits, but is rarely undertaken in rodent genetics. Here, using 23 phenotypes and genotypes from two independent laboratories, we obtained a sample size of 3,076 commercially available outbred mice and identified 70 loci, more than double the number of loci identified in the component studies. Fine-mapping in the combined sample reduced the number of likely causal variants, with a median reduction in set size of 51%, and indicated novel gene associations, including Pnpo, Ttll6 and GM11545 with bone mineral density, and Psmb9 with weight. However replication at a nominal threshold of 0.05 between the two component studies was surprisingly low, with less than a third of loci identified in one study replicated in the second. In addition to overestimates in the effect size in the discovery sample (Winners Curse), we also found that heterogeneity between studies explained the poor replication, but the contribution of these two factors varied among traits. Available methods to control Winners Curse were contingent on the power of the discovery sample, and depending on the method used, both overestimated and underestimated the true effect. Leveraging these observations we integrated information about replication rates, confounding, and Winners Curse corrected estimates of power to assign variants to one of four confidence levels. Our approach addresses concerns about reproducibility, and demonstrates how to obtain robust results from mapping complex traits in any genome-wide association study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicod, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mott, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lionikas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flint, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of independent cohorts of outbred CFW mice reveals novel loci for behavioral and physiological traits and identifies factors determining reproducibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.430160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylomic alteration in peripheral blood lymphocytes of prodromal stage and first-episode Chinese Han schizophrenia patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.07.430160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlthough epigenetic dysregulation has long been proposed to promote the onset of schizophrenia, the landscape of the methylomic changes across the whole genome is yet established.

MethodsUsing Infinium Human Methylation 850 BeadChip Array and MethylTarget sequencing method, we investigated the genome-wide methylation profiles and further validated methylation profiles of target genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes between individuals with psychosis risk syndrome (PRS), patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HC) in Chinese Han population.

ResultsWe detected 372 sites between psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) and healthy controls (HC), which increased to 460 sites in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) with 207 sites shared. Both PRS and FES featured profound hypomethylation within gene body. Gene ontology and network annotation merged on loci enriched in disease associated signaling pathways (MAPK(Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases), Glutamatergic, GABAergic etc.).

ConclusionsOur study implicated characteristic hypomethylation in both the discovery and validation cohorts in SYNGAP1, one of the frequently studied genes in neurodevelopmental disorders. This is the first methylome-wide association study between PRS and FES in Chinese Han population. Our findings provide potential biomarkers that can be used for future development of disease therapy and management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guidotti, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.07.430160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylomic alteration in peripheral blood lymphocytes of prodromal stage and first-episode Chinese Han schizophrenia patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.09.430349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Human 3D neural assembloid model for SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.09.430349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinical evidence suggests the central nervous system (CNS) is frequently impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, either directly or indirectly, although mechanisms remain unclear. Pericytes are perivascular cells within the brain that are proposed as SARS-CoV-2 infection points1. Here we show that pericyte-like cells (PLCs), when integrated into a cortical organoid, are capable of infection with authentic SARS-CoV-2. Prior to infection, PLCs elicited astrocytic maturation and production of basement membrane components, features attributed to pericyte functions in vivo. While traditional cortical organoids showed little evidence of infection, PLCs within cortical organoids served as viral  replication hubs, with virus spreading to astrocytes and mediating inflammatory type I interferon transcriptional responses. Therefore, PLC-containing cortical organoids (PCCOs) represent a new  assembloid model2 that supports SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in neural tissue, and PCCOs serve as an experimental model for neural infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Federman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastfriend, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shusta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palecek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.09.430349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Human 3D neural assembloid model for SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.09.430377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin regulates the colonic mucus layer in inflammatory bowel disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.09.430377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe pro-hormone chromogranin A (CgA) and its bioactive cleavage product catestatin (CST) are both associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and dysregulated barrier functions, but their exact role has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that CST regulates the colonic mucus layer.

MethodsCST levels were measured in feces of IBD patients. The mucus layer, goblet cells, and immune cell infiltration were analyzed by histology and electron microscopy in colon tissue from IBD patients and mice with selective deletion of the CST-coding region of the CgA gene.

ResultsCST levels were elevated in feces of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. The thickness of the mucus layer was increased in non-affected, but not in inflamed, regions of the colon in IBD patients. The thickness of the mucus layer and concomitant mucus production were also increased in the CST-KO mouse. This mucus phenotype in CST-KO mice could be reversed by bone marrow transplantation from wildtype mice.

ConclusionsCST produced by bone-marrow derived immune cells reduces production of the mucus layer in the intestine. This might contribute to the reduced mucus layer in inflamed colon regions of IBD patients. Additionally, CST feces levels might be a biomarker for IBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muntjewerff, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kea-te Lindert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fransen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldenburg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bogaart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.09.430377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin regulates the colonic mucus layer in inflammatory bowel disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.427198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Customized de novo mutation detection for any variant calling pipeline: SynthDNM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.427198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationAs sequencing technologies and analysis pipelines evolve, DNM calling tools must be adapted. Therefore, a flexible approach is needed that can accurately identify de novo mutations from genome or exome sequences from a variety of datasets and variant calling pipelines.

ResultsHere, we describe SynthDNM, a random-forest based classifier that can be readily adapted to new sequencing or variant-calling pipelines by applying a flexible approach to constructing simulated training examples from real data. The optimized SynthDNM classifiers predict de novo SNPs and indels with robust accuracy across multiple methods of variant calling.

AvailabilitySynthDNM is freely available on Github (https://github.com/james-guevara/synthdnm)

Contactjsebat@ucsd.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guevara, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.427198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Customized de novo mutation detection for any variant calling pipeline: SynthDNM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimized CRISPR tools and site-directed transgenesis in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for gene drive development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.10.430702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culex mosquitoes are a global vector for multiple human and animal diseases, including West Nile virus, lymphatic filariasis, and avian malaria, posing a constant threat to public health, livestock, companion animals, and endangered birds. While rising insecticide resistance has threatened the control of Culex mosquitoes, advances in CRISPR genome-editing tools have fostered the development of alternative genetic strategies such as gene drive systems to fight disease vectors. However, though gene-drive technology has quickly progressed in other mosquitoes, advances have been lacking in Culex. Here, we developed a Culex-specific Cas9/gRNA expression toolkit and used site-directed homology-based transgenesis to generate and validate a Culex quinquefasciatus Cas9-expressing line. We showed that gRNA scaffold variants improve transgenesis efficiency in both Culex and Drosophila and boost gene-drive performance in the fruit fly. These findings support future technology development to control Culex mosquitoes and provide valuable insight for improving these tools in other species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Del Amo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mameli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.10.430702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimized CRISPR tools and site-directed transgenesis in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for gene drive development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.13.431092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and mechanistic analyses of the gating mechanism of elongating ketosynthases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.13.431092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketosynthases (KSs) catalyze carbon-carbon bond forming reactions in fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs). KSs utilize a two-step ping pong kinetic mechanism to carry out an overall decarboxylative thio-Claisen condensation that can be separated into the transacylation and condensation reactions. In both steps, an acyl carrier protein (ACP) delivers thioester tethered substrates to the active sites of KSs. Therefore, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and KS-mediated substrate recognition events are required for catalysis. Recently, crystal structures of Escherichia coli elongating type II FAS KSs, FabF and FabB, in complex with E. coli ACP, AcpP, revealed distinct conformational states of two active site KS loops. These loops were proposed to operate via a gating mechanism to coordinate substrate recognition and delivery followed by catalysis. Here we interrogate this proposed gating mechanism by solving two additional high-resolution structures of substrate engaged AcpP-FabF complexes, one of which provides the missing AcpP-FabF gate-closed conformation. Clearly defined interactions of one of these active site loops with AcpP are present in both the open and closed conformations, suggesting AcpP binding triggers or stabilizes gating transitions, further implicating PPIs in carrier protein-dependent catalysis. We functionally demonstrate the importance of gating in the overall KS condensation reaction and provide experimental evidence for its role in the transacylation reaction. Furthermore, we evaluate the catalytic importance of these loops using alanine scanning mutagenesis and also investigate chimeric FabF constructs carrying elements found in type I PKS KS domains. These findings broaden our understanding of the KS mechanism which advances future engineering efforts in both FASs and evolutionarily related PKSs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mindrebo, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Re, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.13.431092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and mechanistic analyses of the gating mechanism of elongating ketosynthases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.526 emerging in the New York region detected by software utility created to query the spike mutational landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wide-scale SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing is critical to tracking viral evolution during the ongoing pandemic. Variants first detected in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil have spread to multiple countries. We developed the software tool, Variant Database (VDB), for quickly examining the changing landscape of spike mutations. Using VDB, we detected an emerging lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York region that shares mutations with previously reported variants. The most common sets of spike mutations in this lineage (now designated as B.1.526) are L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K or S477N, D614G, and A701V. This lineage was first sequenced in late November 2020 when it represented <1% of sequenced coronavirus genomes that were collected in New York City (NYC). By February 2021, genomes from this lineage accounted for ~32% of 3288 sequenced genomes from NYC specimens. Phylodynamic inference confirmed the rapid growth of the B.1.526 lineage in NYC, notably the sub-clade defined by the spike mutation E484K, which has outpaced the growth of other variants in NYC. Pseudovirus neutralization experiments demonstrated that B.1.526 spike mutations adversely affect the neutralization titer of convalescent and vaccinee plasma, indicating the public health importance of this lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>West, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorkman, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.526 emerging in the New York region detected by software utility created to query the spike mutational landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The APOBEC3A deaminase drives episodic mutagenesis in cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases is widely speculated to be a major source of somatic mutations in cancer1-3. However, causal links between APOBEC3 enzymes and mutations in human cancer cells have not been established. The identity of the APOBEC3 paralog(s) that may act as prime drivers of mutagenesis and the mechanisms underlying different APOBEC3-associated mutational signatures are unknown. To directly investigate the roles of APOBEC3 enzymes in cancer mutagenesis, candidate APOBEC3 genes were deleted from cancer cell lines recently found to naturally generate APOBEC3-associated mutations in episodic bursts4. Deletion of the APOBEC3A paralog severely diminished the acquisition of mutations of speculative APOBEC3 origins in breast cancer and lymphoma cell lines. APOBEC3 mutational burdens were undiminished in APOBEC3B knockout cell lines. APOBEC3A deletion reduced the appearance of the clustered mutation types kataegis and omikli, which are frequently found in cancer genomes. The uracil glycosylase UNG and the translesion polymerase REV1 were found to play critical roles in the generation of mutations induced by APOBEC3A. These data represent the first evidence for a long-postulated hypothesis that APOBEC3 deaminases generate prevalent clustered and non-clustered mutational signatures in human cancer cells, identify APOBEC3A as a driver of episodic mutational bursts, and dissect the roles of the relevant enzymes in generating the associated mutations in breast cancer and B cell lymphoma cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petljak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dananberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Morgen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maciejowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The APOBEC3A deaminase drives episodic mutagenesis in cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic association of IκBα to chromatin is regulated by acetylation and cleavage of histone H4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I{kappa}Bs exert a principal function as cytoplasmic inhibitors of the NF-kB transcription factors. Additional functions for I{kappa}B homologues have been described including association to chromatin and transcriptional regulatioin. Phosphorylated and SUMOylated I{kappa}B (pS-I{kappa}B) binds histones H2A and H4 in the stem and progenitor compartment of skin and intestine, but the mechanisms controlling its recruitment to chromatin are largely unstudied.

We here show that serine 32-36 phosphorylation of I{kappa}B favors its binding with nucleosomes and demonstrated that p-I{kappa}B association to H4 is favored by acetylation at specific H4 lysine residues. N-terminal tail of H4 is lost during intestinal cell differentiation by proteolytic cleavage at residues 17-19 imposed ny trypsin or chymotrypsin, which interferes p-I{kappa}B binding. Paradoxically, inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in HT29 cells increased p-I{kappa}B chromatin binding and impaired goblet cell differentiation, comparable to I{kappa}B deletion. Together our results indicate that dynamic binding of I{kappa}B to chromatin is a requirement for intestinal cell differentiation and provide a molecular base for the restricted nuclear distribution of p-I{kappa}B at specific stem cell compartments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Espinosa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Villanueva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulero, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arce, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batlle-Morera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa-Freixa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marruecos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic association of IκBα to chromatin is regulated by acetylation and cleavage of histone H4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nicotine-mediated recruitment of GABAergic neurons to a dopaminergic phenotype attenuates motor deficits in alpha-synuclein Parkinson's model. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDPrevious work revealed an inverse correlation between smoking and Parkinsons disease (PD) that is associated with nicotine-induced neuroprotection of dopaminergic (DA) neurons against nigrostriatal damage in PD primates and rodent models. Nicotine, a neuroactive component of tobacco, can directly alter the activity of midbrain DA neurons and induce non-DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) to acquire a DA phenotype. We investigated the recruitment mechanism of nigrostriatal GABAergic neurons to express DA phenotypes, such as transcription factor Nurr1 and DA-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the concomitant effects on motor function.

METHODSWild-type and -syn-overexpressing (PD) mice treated with chronic nicotine were assessed by behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) and immunohistochemistry/in-situ hybridization to measure behavior and the translational/transcriptional regulation of neurotransmitter phenotype following selective Nurr1 overexpression or DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation.

RESULTSNicotine treatment led to a transcriptional TH and translational Nurr1 upregulation within a pool of SN GABAergic neurons in wild-type animals. In PD mice, nicotine increased Nurr1 expression, reduced the number of -syn-expressing neurons, and simultaneously rescued motor deficits. Hyperactivation of GABA neurons alone was sufficient to elicit de novo translational upregulation of Nurr1 in non-DA neurons. Retrograde labeling revealed that a fraction of these GABAergic neurons projects to the dorsal striatum.

CONCLUSIONSNicotine exposure initiates neuroprotective mechanisms counteracting the neurodegenerative effects of -syn accumulation in DA neurons and contributing to Nurr1-mediated therapeutic effects. Revealing the mechanism of nicotine-induced DA plasticity protecting SN neurons against nigrostriatal damage could contribute to developing new strategies for neurotransmitter replacement in PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romoli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keisler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manfredsson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulcis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nicotine-mediated recruitment of GABAergic neurons to a dopaminergic phenotype attenuates motor deficits in alpha-synuclein Parkinson's model.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.430112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the Yeast Resistome through in vitro Evolution and Whole Genome Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.430112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro evolution and whole genome analysis were used to comprehensively identify the genetic determinants of chemical resistance in the model microbe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of 355 curated, laboratory-evolved clones, resistant to 80 different compounds, demonstrates differences in the types of mutations that are identified in selected versus neutral evolution and reveals numerous new, compound-target interactions. Through enrichment analysis we further identify a set of 137 genes strongly associated with or conferring drug resistance as indicated by CRISPR-Cas9 engineering. The set of 25 most frequently mutated genes was enriched for transcription factors and for almost 25 percent of the compounds, resistance was mediated by one of 100 independently derived, gain-of-function, single nucleotide variants found in 170-amino-acid domains in two Zn2C6 transcription factors, YRR1 and YRM1 (p < 1x 10 -100). This remarkable enrichment for transcription factors as drug resistance genes may explain why it is challenging to develop effective antifungal killing agents and highlights their important role in evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ottilie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luth, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellemann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldgof, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godinez-Macias, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carolino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarsio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitesell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamara, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukens, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durrant, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.17.430112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the Yeast Resistome through in vitro Evolution and Whole Genome Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Invariant Differential Expression Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Cancer Resistance to Cell Cycle Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a good model to study drug resistance to cell-cycle inhibitors because it is driven by mutations in the core components of cell-cycle, i.e, Rb gene. However, there is limited gene expression dataset in RB which has major reproducibility issues. We have developed invariant differential expression analysis (iDEA) that improves the state of the art in differential expression analysis (DEA). iDEA uses strong Boolean implication relationships in a large diverse human dataset GSE119087 (n = 25,955) to filter the noisy differentially expressed genes (DEGs). iDEA was applied to RB datasets and a gene signature was computed that led to prediction and mechanism of drug sensitivity. The prediction was confirmed using drugs-sensitive/resistant RB cell-lines and mouse xenograft models using CDC25 inhibitor NSC663284. iDEA improved reproducibility of differential expression across diverse retina/RB cohorts and RB cell-lines with different drug sensitivity (Y79/Weri vs NCC). Pathway analysis revealed WNT/{beta}-catenin involved in distinguishing drug sensitivity to CDC25 inhibitor NSC663284. NSC663284 inhibited tumour cell proliferation in mouse xenograft model containing Y79 cells indicating novel therapeutic option in RB. Invariant differentially expressed genes (iDEGs) are robustly associated with outcome in diverse cancer datasets and supports for a fundamental mechanism of drug resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar R, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khetan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rishi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elchuri, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.17.431607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Invariant Differential Expression Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Cancer Resistance to Cell Cycle Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical manipulations of genetically defined cell types have generated significant insights into the dynamics of neural circuits. While optogenetic activation has been relatively straightforward, rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition has been far more difficult to achieve. Instead of relying on unpredictable ion manipulations or slow photoactivatable toxins at axon terminals, we took a different approach to leverage the natural ability of inhibitory presynaptic GPCRs to silence synaptic transmission. Here we characterize parapinopsin (PPO), a photoswitchable non-visual opsin from lamprey pineal gland that couples to Gi/o-signaling cascades. PPO can be rapidly activated by pulsed blue light, switched off with amber light, and is effective for repeated or prolonged inhibition. We developed viral vectors for cell-specific expression of PPO, which traffics very effectively in numerous neuron types. At presynaptic terminals, PPO can silence glutamate release and suppress dopamine-dependent reward and cocaine place preference behaviors in vivo. PPO immediately fills a significant gap in the neuroscience toolkit for rapid and reversible synaptic inhibition, and has broader utility for achieving spatiotemporal control of inhibitory GPCR signaling cascades in other biological and pharmacological applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Copits, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowrishankar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meshik, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spangler, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elerding, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stander, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyanaraman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogt, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samineni, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunahara, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gereau, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.432008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A photoswitchable GPCR-based opsin for presynaptic silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A combined EM and proteomic analysis places HIV-1 Vpu at the crossroads of retromer and ESCRT complexes: PTPN23 is a Vpu-cofactor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu modulates membrane protein trafficking and degradation to provide evasion of immune surveillance. Targets of Vpu include CD4, HLAs, and BST-2. Several cellular pathways co-opted by Vpu have been identified, but the picture of Vpus itinerary and activities within membrane systems remains incomplete. Here, we used fusion proteins of Vpu and the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2) to compare the ultrastructural locations and the proximal proteomes of wild type Vpu and Vpu-mutants. The proximity-omes of the proteins correlated with their ultrastructural locations and placed wild type Vpu near both retromer and ESCRT-0 complexes. Hierarchical clustering of protein abundances across the mutants was essential to interpreting the data and identified Vpu degradation-targets including CD4, HLA-C, and SEC12 as well as Vpu-cofactors including HGS, STAM, clathrin, and PTPN23, an ALIX-like protein. The Vpu-directed degradation of BST-2 required PTPN23 but not the retromer subunits. These data suggest that Vpu directs targets from sorting endosomes to degradation at multi-vesicular bodies via ESCRT-0 and PTPN23.

Author SummaryVpu triggers the degradation or mis-localization of proteins important to the hosts immune response. Vpu acts as an adaptor, linking cellular protein targets to the ubiquitination and membrane trafficking machinery. Vpu has been localized to various cellular membrane systems. By fusing wild type Vpu and Vpu-mutants to the enzyme ascorbate peroxidase, we defined the cellular proteome in proximity to Vpu and correlated this with the proteins location. We found that wild type Vpu is proximal to ESCRT proteins, retromer complexes, and sorting and late endosomal proteins. Functionally, we found that the Vpu-mediated degradation of the innate defense protein BST-2 required PTPN23, an ALIX-like protein, consistent with our observation of Vpus presence at the limiting membranes of multi-vesicular bodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jesus, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A combined EM and proteomic analysis places HIV-1 Vpu at the crossroads of retromer and ESCRT complexes: PTPN23 is a Vpu-cofactor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.27.433180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Negligible impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in COVID-19 exposed donors and vaccinees. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.27.433180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlighted the need to better understand adaptive immune responses to this virus. It is important to address whether also CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses are affected, because of the role they play in disease resolution and modulation of COVID-19 disease severity. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses from COVID-19 convalescent subjects recognizing the ancestral strain, compared to variant lineages B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and CAL.20C as well as recipients of the Moderna (mRNA-1273) or Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccines. Similarly, we demonstrate that the sequences of the vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes are not affected by the mutations found in the variants analyzed. Overall, the results demonstrate that CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 subjects or COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees are not substantially affected by mutations found in the SARS-CoV-2 variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tarke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Methot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dan, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodwin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubiro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva Antunes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraizer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.27.433180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Negligible impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivity in COVID-19 exposed donors and vaccinees.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.27.433211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial diversity in tropical marine sediments assessed using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.27.433211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microbial communities associated with marine sediments are critical for ecosystem function yet remain poorly characterized. While culture-independent (CI) approaches capture the broadest perspective on community composition, culture-dependent (CD) methods can capture low abundance taxa that are missed using CI approaches. The aim of this study was to assess microbial diversity in tropical marine sediments collected from five shallow water sites in Belize using both CD and CI approaches. CD methods captured approximately 3% of the >800 genera detected across the five sites. Additionally, 39 genera were only detected using CD approaches revealing rare taxa that were missed with the CI approach. Significantly different communities were detected across sites, with rare taxa playing an important role in the delineation of sediment communities. This study provides important baseline data describing shallow water sediment microbial communities and evidence that standard cultivation techniques may be more effective than previously recognized.

Originality-Significance StatementMarine sediments host some of the most diverse microbial communities on the planet. While these communities are critical for global nutrient cycling, the oceanic food web, and the maintenance of ecosystem dynamics, they remain poorly studied. Studies that have assessed sediment communities typically use culture-independent approaches, which have known biases and can miss ecologically important taxa. Here we describe microbial diversity in marine sediments using both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Our culturing approach, sequencing communities as opposed to individual colonies, revealed an additional 39 genera that were not detected with culture-independent methods. Additionally, we cultured numerous, as-yet undescribed species, suggesting that traditional culturing practices can be more efficient than commonly thought. Moreover, our results indicate rare taxa play an important role in distinguishing microbial communities at different sites, thus highlighting the importance of deep sequencing and incorporating culture-dependent approaches for diversity assessments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demko, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patin, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.27.433211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial diversity in tropical marine sediments assessed using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.431313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-cell segmentation of tissue images with human-level performance using large-scale data annotation and deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.431313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the spatial organization of tissues is of critical importance for both basic and translational research. While recent advances in tissue imaging are opening an exciting new window into the biology of human tissues, interpreting the data that they create is a significant computational challenge. Cell segmentation, the task of uniquely identifying each cell in an image, remains a substantial barrier for tissue imaging, as existing approaches are inaccurate or require a substantial amount of manual curation to yield useful results. Here, we addressed the problem of cell segmentation in tissue imaging data through large-scale data annotation and deep learning. We constructed TissueNet, an image dataset containing >1 million paired whole-cell and nuclear annotations for tissue images from nine organs and six imaging platforms. We created Mesmer, a deep learning-enabled segmentation algorithm trained on TissueNet that performs nuclear and whole-cell segmentation in tissue imaging data. We demonstrated that Mesmer has better speed and accuracy than previous methods, generalizes to the full diversity of tissue types and imaging platforms in TissueNet, and achieves human-level performance for whole-cell segmentation. Mesmer enabled the automated extraction of key cellular features, such as subcellular localization of protein signal, which was challenging with previous approaches. We further showed that Mesmer could be adapted to harness cell lineage information present in highly multiplexed datasets. We used this enhanced version to quantify cell morphology changes during human gestation. All underlying code and models are released with permissive licenses as a community resource.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullaway, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavelchek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camplisson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bar-Tal, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhry, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moseley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warshawsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risom, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graf, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Valen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.431313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-cell segmentation of tissue images with human-level performance using large-scale data annotation and deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Taxon-specific phytoplankton growth, nutrient utilization, and light limitation in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly stratified, oligotrophic regions of the oceans are predominantly nitrogen limited in the surface ocean and light limited at the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). Hence, determining light and nitrogen co-limitation patterns for diverse phytoplankton taxa is crucial to understanding marine primary production throughout the euphotic zone. During two cruises in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico, we measured primary productivity (H13CO3-), nitrate uptake (15NO3-), and ammonium uptake (15NH4+) throughout the water column. Primary productivity declined with depth from the mixed-layer to the DCM, averaging 27.1 mmol C m-2 d-1. The fraction of growth supported by NO3- was consistently low, with upper euphotic zone values ranging from 0.01 to 0.14 and lower euphotic zone values ranging from 0.03 to 0.44. Nitrate uptake showed strong diel patterns (maximum during the day), while ammonium uptake exhibited no diel variability. To parameterize taxon-specific phytoplankton nutrient and light utilization, we used a data assimilation approach (Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo) including primary productivity, nutrient uptake, and taxon-specific growth rate measurements. Parameters derived from this analysis define distinct niches for five phytoplankton taxa (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and prymnesiophytes) and may be useful for constraining biogeochemical models of oligotrophic open-ocean systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yingling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shropshire, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Taxon-specific phytoplankton growth, nutrient utilization, and light limitation in the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When is it Worth Working for Water? A Utility Maximization Theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the laboratory, animals motivation to work tends to be positively correlated with reward magnitude. But in nature, rewards earned by work are essential to survival (e.g., working to find water), and the payoff of that work can vary on long timescales (e.g., seasonally). Under these constraints, the strategy of working less when rewards are small could be fatal. We found that instead, rats in a closed economy did more work for water rewards when the rewards were stably smaller, a phenomenon also observed in human labor supply curves. Like human consumers, rats also showed elasticity of demand, consuming far more water per day when its price in effort was lower. The neural mechanisms underlying such "rational" market behaviors remain largely unexplored. We propose a dynamic utility maximization model that can account for the dependence of rat labor supply (trials/day) on the wage rate (ml/trial), and also predict the temporal dynamics of when rats work. Based on data from mice, we hypothesize that SFOGLUT neurons in lamina terminalis continuously compute the instantaneous marginal utility of voluntary work for water reward, and causally determine the amount and timing of work.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reinagel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When is it Worth Working for Water? A Utility Maximization Theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vaccine genetics of IGHV1-2 VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibody precursor naive human B cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A successful HIV vaccine must overcome the hurdle of being able to activate naive precursor B cells encoding features within their germline B cell receptors (BCR) that allow recognition of broadly neutralizing epitopes. Knowledge of whether broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) precursor B cells are circulating at sufficient frequencies within individuals in communities heavily impacted by HIV may be important. Using a germline-targeting eOD-GT8 immunogen and high-throughput droplet-based single cell BCR sequencing, we demonstrate that large numbers of paired BCR sequences from multiple donors can be efficiently screened to elucidate precursor frequencies of rare, naive VRC01-class B cells. The results indicate that IGHV1-2 alleles incompatible with VRC01-class responses are relatively common in various human populations, and germline variation within IGHV1-2 associates with gene usage frequencies in the naive BCR repertoire.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kos, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schief, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havenar-Daughton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vaccine genetics of IGHV1-2 VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibody precursor naive human B cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic algal-bacteria consortia for space-efficient microalgal growth in a simple hydrogel system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Photosynthetic microalgae are an attractive source of food, fuel or nutraceuticals, but commercial production of microalgae is limited by low spatial efficiency. In the present study, we developed a simple photosynthetic hydrogel system that cultivates the green microalga, Marinichlorella kaistiae KAS603, together with a novel strain of the bacteria Erythrobacter sp.. We tested the performance of the co-culture in the hydrogel using a combination of chlorophyll-a fluorimetry, microsensing and bio-optical measurements. Our results showed that growth rates in algal-bacterial hydrogels were about 3-fold enhanced compared to hydrogels with algae alone. Chlorophyll-a fluorimetry based light curves found that electron transport rates were enhanced about 20% for algal-bacterial hydrogels compared to algal hydrogels for intermediate irradiance levels. We also show that the living hydrogel is stable under different environmental conditions and when exposed to natural seawater. Our study provides a potential bio-inspired solution for problems that limit the space-efficient cultivation of microalgae for biotechnological applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernat, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinasquet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stofko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deheyn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azam, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignolini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic algal-bacteria consortia for space-efficient microalgal growth in a simple hydrogel system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection in-vitro by highly potent PI3K-α/mTOR/BRD4 inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogenic viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and HIV hijack the host molecular machinery to establish infection and survival in infected cells. This has led the scientific community to explore the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells, establishes productive infection, and causes life-threatening pathophysiology. Very few targeted therapeutics for COVID-19 currently exist, such as remdesivir. Recently, a proteomic approach explored the interactions of 26 of 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins with cellular targets in human cells and identified 67 interactions as potential targets for drug development. Two of the critical targets, the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins (BETs): BRD2/BRD4 and mTOR, are inhibited by the dual inhibitory small molecule SF2523 at nanomolar potency. SF2523 is the only known mTOR PI3K-/(BRD2/BRD4) inhibitor with potential to block two orthogonal pathways necessary for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in human cells. Our results demonstrate that SF2523 effectively blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication in lung bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, showing an IC50 value of 1.5 {micro}M, comparable to IC50 value of remdesivir (1.1 {micro}M). Further, we demonstrated that the combination of doses of SF2523 and remdesivir is highly synergistic: it allows for the reduction of doses of SF2523 and remdesivir by 25-fold and 4-fold, respectively, to achieve the same potency observed for a single inhibitor. Because SF2523 inhibits two SARS-CoV-2 driven pathogenesis mechanisms involving BRD2/BRD4 and mTOR signaling, our data suggest that SF2523 alone or in combination with remdesivir could be a novel and efficient therapeutic strategy to block SARS-CoV-2 infection and hence be beneficial in preventing severe COVID-19 disease evolution.

One Sentence SummaryEvidence of in silico designed chemotype (SF2523) targeting PI3K-/mTOR/BRD4 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection and is highly synergistic with remdesivir.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challagundla, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vann, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutateladze, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durden, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrareddy, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection in-vitro by highly potent PI3K-α/mTOR/BRD4 inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Slow, heterogeneous NFκB single molecule conformational dynamics and implications for function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.02.433616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Binding and unbinding of transcription factors to DNA are kinetically controlled to regulate the transcriptional outcome. Control of the release of the transcription factor NF-{kappa}B from DNA is achieved through accelerated dissociation by the inhibitor protein I{kappa}B. Using single-molecule FRET, we observe a continuum of conformations of NF-{kappa}B in free and DNA-bound states interconverting on the subseconds to minutes timescale, comparable to in vivo binding on the seconds timescale, suggesting that structural dynamics directly control binding kinetics. Much of the DNA-bound NF-{kappa}B is partially bound, allowing I{kappa}B invasion to facilitate DNA dissociation. I{kappa}B induces a locked conformation where the DNA-binding domains of NF-{kappa}B are too far apart to bind DNA, whereas the loss-of-function I{kappa}B mutant retains the NF-{kappa}B conformational ensemble. Overall, our results suggest a novel mechanism with a continuum of binding modes for controlling association and dissociation of transcription factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolynes, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.02.433616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Slow, heterogeneous NFκB single molecule conformational dynamics and implications for function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probiotic bacteria and bile acid profile are modulated by prebiotic diet and associate with facilitated diurnal clock/sleep realignment after chronic disruption of rhythms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic disruption of rhythms (CDR) impacts sleep and can result in circadian misalignment of physiological systems, which in turn is associated with increased disease risk. Exposure to repeated or severe stressors also disturbs sleep and diurnal rhythms. Prebiotic nutrients produce favorable changes in gut microbial ecology, the gut metabolome, and reduce several negative impacts of acute severe stressor exposure, including disturbed sleep, core body temperature rhythmicity, and gut microbial dysbiosis. This study tested the hypothesis whether prebiotics can also reduce the negative impacts of CDR by facilitating light/dark realignment of sleep/wake, core body temperature, and locomotor activity; and whether prebiotic-induced changes in bacteria and bile acid profiles are associated with these effects. Male, Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets enriched in prebiotic substrates or calorically matched control chow. After 5 weeks on diet, rats were exposed to CDR (12h light/dark reversal, weekly for 8 weeks) or remained on undisturbed normal light/dark cycles (NLD). Sleep EEG, core body temperature, and locomotor activity were recorded via biotelemetry in freely moving rats. Fecal samples were collected on experimental days -33, 0 (day of onset of CDR), and 42. Taxonomic identification and relative abundances of gut microbes were measured in fecal samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Fecal primary, bacterially-modified secondary, and conjugated bile acids were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Prebiotic diet produced rapid and stable increases in the relative abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis and Ruminiclostridium 5. Shotgun metagenomics analyses confirmed reliable increases in relative abundances of Parabacteroides distasonis and Clostridium leptum, a member of the Ruminiclostridium genus. Prebiotic diet also modified fecal bile acid profiles; and based on correlational and step-wise regression analyses, Parabacteroides distasonis and Ruminiclostridium 5 were positively associated with each other and negatively associated with secondary and conjugated bile acids. Prebiotic diet, but not CDR, impacted beta diversity. Measures of alpha diversity evenness were decreased by CDR and prebiotic diet prevented that effect. Rats exposed to CDR while eating prebiotic, compared to control diet, more quickly realigned NREM sleep and core body temperature (ClockLab) diurnal rhythms to the altered light/dark cycle. Finally, both cholic acid and Ruminiclostridium 5 prior to CDR were associated with time to realign CBT rhythms to the new light/dark cycle after CDR; whereas both Ruminiclostridium 5 and taurocholic acid prior to CDR were associated with NREM sleep recovery after CDR. These results suggest that ingestion of prebiotic substrates is an effective strategy to increase the relative abundance of health promoting microbes, alter the fecal bile acid profile, and facilitate the recovery and realignment of sleep and diurnal rhythms after circadian disruption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaffney, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowers, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitaterna, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turek, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foxx, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowry, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleshner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.433775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probiotic bacteria and bile acid profile are modulated by prebiotic diet and associate with facilitated diurnal clock/sleep realignment after chronic disruption of rhythms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BoolSim, a Graphical Interface for Open Access Boolean Network Simulations and Use in Guard Cell CO2 Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling networks are at the heart of almost all biological processes. Most of these networks contain a large number of components and often the connections between these components are either not known, or the rate equations that govern the dynamics of soluble signaling components are not quantified. This uncertainty in network topology and parameters can make it challenging to formulate detailed mathematical models. Boolean networks, in which all components are either on or off, have emerged as viable alternatives to more detailed mathematical models but can be difficult to implement. Therefore, open source format of such models for community use is desirable. Here we present BoolSim, a freely available graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to easily construct and analyze Boolean networks. BoolSim can be applied to any Boolean network. We demonstrate BoolSims application using a previously published network for abscisic acid-driven stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. We also show how BoolSim can be used to generate testable predictions by extending the network to include CO2 regulation of stomatal movements. Predictions of the model were experimentally tested and the model was iteratively modified based on experiments showing that ABA closes stomata even at near zero CO2 concentrations (1.5 ppm CO2).

One Sentence SummaryThis study presents an open-source, graphical interface for the simulation of Boolean networks and applies it to an abscisic acid signaling network in guard cells, extended to include input from CO2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karanam, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, P.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubeaux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmakar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.434139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BoolSim, a Graphical Interface for Open Access Boolean Network Simulations and Use in Guard Cell CO2 Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscale organization of Actin Filaments in the Red Blood Cell Membrane Skeleton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Red blood cell (RBC) shape and deformability are supported by a planar network of short actin filament (F-actin) nodes interconnected by long spectrin molecules at the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Spectrin-F-actin network structure underlies quantitative modelling of forces controlling RBC shape, membrane curvature and deformation, yet the nanoscale organization of F-actin nodes in the network in situ is not understood. Here, we examined F-actin distribution in RBCs using fluorescent-phalloidin labeling of F-actin imaged by multiple microscopy modalities. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and Zeiss Airyscan confocal microscopy demonstrate that F-actin is concentrated in multiple brightly stained F-actin foci [~]200-300 nm apart interspersed with dimmer F-actin staining regions. Live cell imaging reveals dynamic lateral movements, appearance and disappearance of F-actin foci. Single molecule STORM imaging and computational cluster analysis of experimental and synthetic data sets indicate that individual filaments are non-randomly distributed, with the majority as multiple filaments, and the remainder sparsely distributed as single filaments. These data indicate that F-actin nodes are non-uniformly distributed in the spectrin-F-actin network and necessitate reconsideration of current models of forces accounting for RBC shape and membrane deformability, predicated upon uniform distribution of F-actin nodes and associated proteins across the micron-scale RBC membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nowak, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pestonjamasp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.434292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscale organization of Actin Filaments in the Red Blood Cell Membrane Skeleton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel nitrogen concentrating mechanism in the coral-algae symbiosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.08.434475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coral algal symbionts are hosted inside the symbiosome of gastrodermal cells, an intracellular compartment that isolates algae from the external environment and allows host cells to control the delivery of metabolites to their symbionts. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report the diel trafficking of NH3-transporting Rhesus (Rh) channels between the cytoplasm and the symbiosome membrane in the coral Acropora yongei, which matches established patterns of nitrogen delivery to endosymbionts. Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes established that A. yongei Rh (ayRhp1) is a channel that facilitates NH3 diffusion across membranes following its partial pressure gradient. Immunostaining revealed ayRhp1 is widely distributed throughout coral tissues and most abundantly present in oral ectodermal cells, desmocytes, and gastrodermal cells. In the latter, ayRhp1 was observed in the symbiosome membrane of alga-containing cells. Together with V-type H+-ATPases that make the symbiosome highly acidic (pH~4), ayRhp1 constitutes an NH4+-trapping mechanism analogous to that in mammalian renal tubule. Remarkably, ayRhp1 presence in the symbiosome membrane was higher during the day than the night. This indicates a regulatory mechanism that facilitates NH4+ delivery to alga during the day, likely to sustain high turnover rates of photosynthetic proteins, while restricting NH4+ delivery at night to maintain the endosymbiotic algae in a nitrogen-limited stage that stagnates their growth. The dynamic trafficking of proteins to and away from the symbiosome membrane is a previously unknown mechanism that contributes to metabolic regulation between symbiotic partners.

Significance StatementThe endosymbiotic relationship between corals and algae relies on the coordinated exchange of metabolites. Disruption of these metabolic exchanges can result in interruption of the symbiosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that Acropora yongei coral host cells express ammonia-transporting channel proteins (ayRhp1), which traffic to and away from the symbiosome membrane surrounding the endosymbiotic algae. In conjunction with the acidic symbiosome microenvironment, this mechanism allows host cells to regulate nitrogen delivery to endosymbionts sustaining essential functions while restricting growth. This work provides novel mechanistic information about metabolic regulation of animal-algae symbioses, and advances our understanding of physiological mechanisms that might determine coral local adaptation, resilience, and vulnerability to environmental stress including climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thies, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quijada-Rodriguez, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhouyao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weihrauch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel nitrogen concentrating mechanism in the coral-algae symbiosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charting oncogenicity of genes and variants across lineages via multiplexed screens in teratomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.09.434648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deconstructing tissue-specific effects of genes and variants on proliferative advantage is critical to understanding cellular transformation and to systematic selection of cancer therapeutics. Dissecting these specificities at scale requires integrated methods for multiplexed genetic screens tracking fitness across time, across human cell types, and in a suitable cellular niche since functional differences also depend on physiological cues. Towards this, we present a novel approach, harnessing single-cell cancer driver screens in teratomas coupled with hit enrichment by serial teratoma reinjection, to simultaneously screen drivers across multiple lineages in vivo. Using this system, we analyzed population shifts and lineage-specific enrichment for 51 cancer associated genes and gene variants, profiling over 100,000 cells spanning over 20 lineages, across two rounds of serially injected teratomas. We confirmed that c-MYC alone or combined with myristoylated AKT1 potently drives proliferation in progenitor neural lineages, demonstrating signatures of malignancy. These drivers directed teratoma development to lineages representative of pediatric tumors such as medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Additionally, mutant MEK1S218D/S222D provides a proliferative advantage in mesenchymal lineages like fibroblasts. Our method provides a powerful new platform for multi-lineage longitudinal study of oncogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parekh, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tipps, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.09.434648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charting oncogenicity of genes and variants across lineages via multiplexed screens in teratomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bayesian Multivariate Growth Mixture Modeling of Longitudinal Data: An Application to Alzheimer's Disease Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.10.434854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) studies often collect longitudinal biomarker measures of multiple cohorts at different stages of disease and follow these biomarkers with a relatively short period of time. The heterogeneity of the longitudinal patterns of biomarkers can be ubiquitous across both individual trajectories and cognitive domains. We propose a flexible Bayesian multivariate growth mixture model to identify distinct longitudinal patterns of data from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. A Gibbs sampling is implemented for achieving the Bayesian inference. We perform a simulation study to demonstrate the adequate performance of our proposed approach and apply the model to identify three latent cognitive decline patterns among patients from the ADNI study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Insel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.10.434854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bayesian Multivariate Growth Mixture Modeling of Longitudinal Data: An Application to Alzheimer's Disease Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A wild-derived antimutator drives germline mutation spectrum differences in a genetically diverse murine family 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.12.435196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary ParagraphAlthough germline mutation rates and spectra can vary within and between species, genetic modifiers of these traits have long eluded detection. In this study, we searched for loci that influence germline mutagenesis using a uniquely powerful resource: a panel of recombinant inbred mouse lines known as the BXD, descended from the laboratory mouse strains C57BL/6J (B) and DBA/2J (D). Each BXD lineage has been maintained by brother-sister mating in the near absence of natural selection, accumulating de novo mutations for up to 50 years on a known genetic background that is a unique linear mosaic of B and D haplotypes. We show that mice inheriting D haplotypes at a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4 accumulate C>A germline mutations at a 50% higher rate than those inheriting B haplotypes, primarily due to the activity of a C>A-dominated mutational signature known as SBS18. The B and D QTL haplotypes encode different alleles of the DNA repair gene Mutyh, which underlies the heritable colorectal cancer syndrome in which SBS18 was first identified. The B and D Mutyh alleles are present in wild populations of Mus musculus domesticus, providing evidence that common genetic variation modulates germline mutagenesis in a model mammalian species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasani, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashbrook, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.12.435196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A wild-derived antimutator drives germline mutation spectrum differences in a genetically diverse murine family]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435499v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Eukaryotic initiation factor EIF-3.G augments mRNA translation efficiency to regulate neuronal activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435499v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The translation initiation complex eIF3 imparts specialized functions to regulate protein expression. However, understanding of eIF3 activities in neurons remains limited despite widespread dysregulation of eIF3 subunits in neurological disorders. Here, we report a selective role of the C. elegans RNA-binding subunit EIF-3.G in shaping the neuronal protein landscape. We identify a missense mutation in the conserved Zinc-Finger (ZF) of EIF-3.G that acts in a gain-of-function manner to dampen neuronal hyperexcitation. Using neuron type-specific seCLIP, we systematically mapped EIF-3.G-mRNA interactions and identified EIF-3.G occupancy on GC-rich 5'UTRs of a select set of mRNAs enriched in activity-dependent functions. We demonstrate that the ZF mutation in EIF-3.G alters translation in a 5'UTR dependent manner. Our study reveals an in vivo mechanism for eIF3 in governing neuronal protein levels to control activity states and offers insights into how eIF3 dysregulation contributes to neuronal disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blazie, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takayanagi-Kiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435499</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Eukaryotic initiation factor EIF-3.G augments mRNA translation efficiency to regulate neuronal activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Glioblastoma Signaling and Metabolism with A Re-Purposed Brain-Penetrant Drug 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly lethal brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) poses a daunting challenge because the blood-brain barrier renders potentially druggable amplified or mutated oncoproteins relatively inaccessible. Here, we identify SMPD1, an enzyme that regulates the conversion of sphingomyelin to ceramide and a critical regulator of plasma membrane structure and organization, as an actionable drug target in glioblastoma. We show that the safe and highly brain-penetrant antidepressant fluoxetine, potently inhibits SMPD1 activity, killing GBMs, in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts, through inhibition of EGFR signaling and via activation of lysosomal stress. Combining fluoxetine with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, a standard of care for GBM patients, causes massive increases in GBM cell death, and complete and long-lived tumor regression in mice. Incorporation of real-world evidence from electronic medical records from insurance databases, reveals significantly increased survival in glioblastoma patients treated with fluoxetine, which was not seen in patients treated with other SSRI anti-depressants. These results nominate the repurposing of fluoxetine as a potentially safe and promising therapy for GBM patients and suggest prospective randomized clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimple, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armando, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prager, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainwright, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloughesy, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quehenberger, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornblum, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rzhetsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cravatt, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Glioblastoma Signaling and Metabolism with A Re-Purposed Brain-Penetrant Drug]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MLL3/MLL4 Histone Methyltranferase Activity Dependent Chromatin Organization at Enhancers during Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MLL3 (KMT2C) and MLL4 (KMT2D), the major mono-methyltransferases of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4), are required for cellular differentiation and embryonic development in mammals. We previously observed that MLL3/4 promote long-range chromatin interactions at enhancers, however, it is still unclear how their catalytic activities contribute to enhancer-dependent gene activation in mammalian cell differentiation. To address this question, we mapped histone modifications, long-range chromatin contacts as well as gene expression in MLL3/4 catalytically deficient mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells undergoing differentiation toward neural precursor cells. We showed that MLL3/4 activities are responsible for deposition of H3K4me1 modification and formation of long-range enhancer-promoter contacts at a majority of putative enhancers gained during cell differentiation, but are dispensable for most candidate enhancers found in undifferentiated ES cells that persist through differentiation. While transcriptional induction at most genes is unaltered in the MLL3/4 catalytically deficient cells, genes making more contacts with MLL3/4-dependent putative enhancers are disproportionately affected. These results support that MLL3/4 contributes to cellular differentiation through histone-methyltransferase-activity dependent induction of enhancer-promoter contacts and transcriptional activation at a subset of lineage-specific genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kubo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MLL3/MLL4 Histone Methyltranferase Activity Dependent Chromatin Organization at Enhancers during Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assigning confidence to structural annotations from mass spectra with COSMIC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Untargeted metabolomics experiments rely on spectral libraries for structure annotation, but these libraries are vastly incomplete; in silico methods search in structure databases but cannot distinguish between correct and incorrect annotations. As biological interpretation relies on accurate structure annotations, the ability to assign confidence to such annotations is a key outstanding problem. We introduce the COSMIC workflow that combines structure database generation, in silico annotation, and a confidence score consisting of kernel density p-value estimation and a Support Vector Machine with enforced directionality of features. In evaluation, COSMIC annotates a substantial number of hits at small false discovery rates, and outperforms spectral library search for this purpose. To demonstrate that COSMIC can annotate structures never reported before, we annotated twelve novel bile acid conjugates; nine structures were confirmed by manual evaluation and two structures using synthetic standards. Second, we annotated and manually evaluated 315 molecular structures in human samples currently absent from the Human Metabolome Database. Third, we applied COSMIC to 17,400 experimental runs and annotated 1,715 structures with high confidence that were absent from spectral libraries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dührkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böcker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.435634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assigning confidence to structural annotations from mass spectra with COSMIC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kawasaki Disease patient stratification and pathway analysis based on host transcriptomic and proteomic profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The aetiology of Kawasaki Disease (KD), an acute inflammatory disorder of childhood, remains unknown despite various triggers of KD having been proposed. Host  omic profiles offer insights into the host response to infection and inflammation, with the interrogation of multiple  omic levels in parallel providing a more comprehensive picture. We used differential abundance analysis, pathway analysis, clustering and classification techniques to explore whether the host response in KD is more similar to the response to bacterial or viral infection at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels through comparison of  omic profiles from children with KD to those with bacterial and viral infections. Pathways activated in patients with KD included those involved in anti-viral and anti-bacterial responses. Unsupervised clustering showed that the majority of KD patients clustered with bacterial patients on both  omic levels, whilst application of diagnostic signatures specific for bacterial and viral infections revealed that many transcriptomic KD samples had low probabilities of having bacterial or viral infections, suggesting that KD may be triggered by a different process not typical of either common bacterial or viral infections. Clustering based on the transcriptomic and proteomic responses during KD revealed three clusters of KD patients on both  omic levels, suggesting heterogeneity within the inflammatory response during KD. The observed heterogeneity may reflect differences in the host response to a common trigger, or variation dependent on different triggers of the condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jackson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menikou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McArdle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galassini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremoulet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuijpers, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casals-Pascual, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaforou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The PERFORM Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.435948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kawasaki Disease patient stratification and pathway analysis based on host transcriptomic and proteomic profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription Factor NF-κB Unravels Nucleosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.436050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NF-{kappa}B is a transcription factor responsible for activating hundreds of genes in mammalian organisms. To accomplish its function, NF-{kappa}B must interact with DNA occupied by nucleosomes, but how this interaction occurs is unclear. Here we used Atomic Force Microscopy to characterize complexes of NF-{kappa}B with nucleosomes assembled on different DNA templates. The assembly of NF-{kappa}B-nucleosome complexes leads to a substantial decrease of DNA wrapping efficiency. Mapping of the nucleosomes did not reveal displacement of under-wrapped nucleosomes from their original position, suggesting that unravelling involves dissociation of one or both flanks of the nucleosomes. We discovered two binding modes of NF-{kappa}B associated with nucleosome unraveling - NF-{kappa}B bound to the nucleosome core and to the DNA flanks and propose models explaining the interaction of NF-{kappa}B with the nucleosome. We speculate that NF-{kappa}B can function as a pioneer factor enhancing its ability to facilitate rapid transcriptional response to cell stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stormberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filliaux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baughman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyubchenko, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.436050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription Factor NF-κB Unravels Nucleosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.433472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 3-Sialyllactose Promotes Inflammation Resolution and Reduces Atherosclerosis Development in Mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.433472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages contribute to the induction and resolution of inflammation and play a central role in the chronic low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex unconjugated glycans unique to human milk that benefit infant health and act as innate immune modulators. Here, we identify the HMO 3sialyllactose (3SL) as a natural inhibitor of TLR4-induced low-grade inflammation in macrophages and endothelium. Transcriptome analysis in macrophages revealed that 3SL attenuates a selected set of inflammatory gene expression and promotes activity of LXR and SREBP. These acute anti-inflammatory effects of 3SL were associated with reduced histone H3K27 acetylation at a subset of LPS-inducible enhancers distinguished by preferential enrichment for CTCF, IRF2, BCL6, and other transcription factor recognition motifs. In a murine atherosclerosis model, both subcutaneous and oral administration of 3SL significantly reduced atherosclerosis development and the associated inflammation. This study provides evidence that 3SL attenuates inflammation by a transcriptional mechanism to reduce atherosclerosis development in the context of cardiovascular disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pessentheiner, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Autran, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramms, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunddal, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booshehri, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tognaccini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latasiewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witztum, j. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordts, P. L. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.19.433472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 3-Sialyllactose Promotes Inflammation Resolution and Reduces Atherosclerosis Development in Mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.436193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing the transcription factor regulatory context of human specific cortical development using single-cell multi-omics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.19.436193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human behaviors are at least partially driven by genomic regions that influence human-specific neurodevelopment. This includes genomic regions undergoing human specific sequence acceleration (Human Accelerated Regions or HARs) and regions showing human-specific enhancer activity (Human Gained Enhancers or HGEs) not present in other primates. However, prior studies on HAR/HGE activities involved mixtures of brain cell types and focused only on putative downstream target genes. Here, we directly measured cell type specific HAR/HGE activity in the developing fetal human brain using two independent single-cell chromatin accessibility datasets with matching single-cell gene expression data. Transcription factor (TF) motif analyses identified upstream TFs binding to HARs/HGEs and identified LHX2, a key regulator of forebrain development, as an active HGE regulator in neuronal progenitors. We integrated our TF motif analyses with published chromatin interaction maps to build detailed regulatory networks where TFs are linked to downstream genes via HARs/HGEs. Through these networks, we identified a potential regulatory role for NFIC in human neuronal progenitor networks via modulating the Notch signaling and cell adhesion pathways. Therefore, by using a single cell multi-omics approach, we were able to capture both the upstream and downstream regulatory context of HARs/HGEs, which may provide a more comprehensive picture of the roles HARs/HGEs play amongst diverse fetal cell types of the developing human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limaye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.19.436193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing the transcription factor regulatory context of human specific cortical development using single-cell multi-omics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome plasticity in response to persistent environmental change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperature is a variable component of the environment and all organisms must deal with or adapt to temperature change. Acute temperature change activates cellular stress responses resulting in the refolding or removal of damaged proteins. However, how organisms adapt to long-term temperature change remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that budding yeast responds to long-term high temperature challenge by switching from chaperone induction to the reduction of temperature sensitive proteins and re-localizing a portion of its proteome. Surprisingly, we also find many proteins adopt an alternative conformation. Using Fet3p as an example, we find that the temperature-dependent conformational difference is accompanied by distinct thermostability, subcellular localization, and importantly, cellular functions. We postulate that in addition to the known mechanisms of adaptation, conformational plasticity allows some polypeptides to acquire new biophysical properties and functions when environmental change endures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Domnauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conkright-Fincham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCroskey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome plasticity in response to persistent environmental change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genes identified in rodent studies of alcohol intake are enriched for heritability of human substance use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.22.436527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRodent paradigms and human genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on drug use have the potential to provide biological insight into the pathophysiology of addiction.

MethodsUsing GeneWeaver, we created rodent alcohol and nicotine gene-sets derived from 19 gene expression studies on alcohol and nicotine outcomes. We partitioned the SNP-heritability of these gene-sets using four large human GWASs: 1) alcoholic drinks per week, 2) problematic alcohol use, 3) cigarettes per day and 4) smoking cessation. We benchmarked our findings with curated human alcoholism and nicotine addiction gene-sets and performed specificity analyses using other rodent gene-sets (e.g., locomotor behavior) and other human GWASs (e.g., height).

ResultsThe rodent alcohol gene-set was enriched for heritability of drinks per week, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation, but not problematic alcohol use. However, the rodent nicotine gene-set was not significantly associated with any of these traits. Both rodent gene-sets showed enrichment for several non-substance use GWASs, and the extent of this relationship tended to increase as a function of trait heritability. In general, larger gene-sets demonstrated more significant enrichment. Finally, when evaluating human traits with similar heritabilities, both rodent gene-sets showed greater enrichment for substance use traits.

ConclusionOur results suggest that rodent gene expression studies can help to identify genes that capture heritability of substance use traits in humans, yet the specificity to human substance use was less than expected due to various factors such as the genetic architecture of a trait. We outline various limitations, interpretations and considerations for future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huggett, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bubier, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesler, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, R. H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genes identified in rodent studies of alcohol intake are enriched for heritability of human substance use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Independent Markov Decomposition: Towards modeling kinetics of biomolecular complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In order to advance the mission of in silico cell biology, modeling the interactions of large and complex biological systems becomes increasingly relevant. The combination of molecular dynamics (MD) and Markov state models (MSMs) have enabled the construction of simplified models of molecular kinetics on long timescales. Despite its success, this approach is inherently limited by the size of the molecular system. With increasing size of macromolecular complexes, the number of independent or weakly coupled subsystems increases, and the number of global system states increase exponentially, making the sampling of all distinct global states unfeasible. In this work, we present a technique called Independent Markov Decomposition (IMD) that leverages weak coupling between subsystems in order to compute a global kinetic model without requiring to sample all combinatorial states of subsystems. We give a theoretical basis for IMD and propose an approach for finding and validating such a decomposition. Using empirical few-state MSMs of ion channel models that are well established in electrophysiology, we demonstrate that IMD can reproduce experimental conductance measurements with a major reduction in sampling compared with a standard MSM approach. We further show how to find the optimal partition of all-atom protein simulations into weakly coupled subunits.

Significance StatementMolecular simulations of proteins are often interpreted using Markov state models (MSMs), in which each protein configuration is assigned to a global state. As we explore larger and more complex biological systems, the size of this global state space will face a combinatorial explosion, rendering it impossible to gather sufficient sampling data. In this work, we introduce an approach to decompose a system of interest into separable subsystems. We show that MSMs built for each subsystem can be later coupled to reproduce the behaviors of the global system. To aid in the choice of decomposition we also describe a score to quantify its goodness. This decomposition strategy has the promise to enable robust modeling of complex biomolecular systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hempel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Razo, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Independent Markov Decomposition: Towards modeling kinetics of biomolecular complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An empirical pipeline for personalized diagnosis of Lafora disease mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal, insidious metabolic disorder characterized by progressive myoclonic epilepsy manifesting in the teenage years, rapid neurological decline, and death typically within ten years of onset. Mutations in either EPM2A, encoding the glycogen phosphatase laforin, or EPM2B, encoding the E3 ligase malin, cause LD. Whole exome sequencing has revealed many EPM2A variants associated with late-onset or slower disease progression. We established an empirical pipeline for characterizing laforin missense mutations in vitro using complimentary biochemical approaches. Analysis of 26 mutations revealed distinct functional classes associated with different outcomes supported by multiple clinical cases. For example, F321C and G279C mutations have attenuated functional defects and are associated with slow progression. This pipeline allows rapid characterization and classification of novel EPM2A mutations, enabling clinicians and researchers to rapidly utilize genetic information to guide treatment of LD patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brewer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machio-Castello, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viana, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wayne, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchtova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternbach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Gimeno, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serratosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Kooi, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.437206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An empirical pipeline for personalized diagnosis of Lafora disease mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Livers During NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Reveals a Novel Immune Niche 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.31.437725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a central contributor to human acute and chronic liver disease, yet the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which its activation precipitates injury remain incompletely understood. Here, we present single cell transcriptomic profiling of livers from a global transgenic Tamoxifen-inducible constitutively-activated Nlrp3A350V mutant mouse, and we investigate the changes in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cell gene expression that accompany inflammation and fibrosis. Our results demonstrate that NLRP3 activation causes chronic extramedullary myelopoiesis marked by an increase in proliferating myeloid progenitors that differentiate into neutrophils, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages, results that were corroborated by flow cytometry and histological staining. We observed prominent neutrophil infiltrates with increased Ly6gHI and Ly6gINT cells exhibiting transcriptomic signatures of granulopoiesis typically found in the bone marrow. This was accompanied by a marked increase in Ly6cHI monocytes differentiating into Cd11bHITim4HIClec4fHI macrophages that express proinflammatory transcriptional programs similar to macrophages of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) models. NLRP3 activation also downregulated metabolic pathways in hepatocytes and shifted hepatic stellate cells towards an activated pro-fibrotic state based on expression of collagen and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulatory genes. These results, which highlight abundant neutrophils and extramedullary granulopoiesis define an inflamed and fibrotic hepatic single cell microenvironment, precipitated solely by NLRP3 activation. Clinically, our data support the notion that neutrophils and NLRP3 should be explored as therapeutic targets in NASH-like inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calcagno, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taghdiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toomu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leszczynska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wree, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geisler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldstein, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.31.437725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Livers During NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Reveals a Novel Immune Niche]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acetylated α-tubulin residue K394 regulates microtubule stability to shape the growth of axon terminals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules are essential to neuron shape and function. Therefore, the stability of the microtubule cytoskeleton must be carefully regulated. Acetylation of tubulin has the potential to directly tune microtubule stability, and proteomic studies have identified several acetylation sites in -tubulin. This includes the highly conserved residue lysine 394 (K394), which is located at the {beta}-tubulin dimer interface. Using a fly model, we show that -tubulin K394 is acetylated in the nervous system and is an essential residue. We found that an acetylation-blocking mutation in endogenous -tubulin, K394R, perturbs the synaptic morphogenesis of motoneurons by reducing microtubule stability. Intriguingly, the K394R mutation has opposite effects on the growth of two functionally and morphologically distinct motoneurons, revealing neuron-type-specific responses when microtubule stability is altered. Eliminating the deacetylase HDAC6 increases K394 acetylation, and the over-expression of HDAC6 reduces microtubule stability similar to the K394 mutant. Thus, our findings implicate -tubulin K394 and its acetylation in the regulation of microtubule stability and suggest that HDAC6 regulates K394 acetylation during synaptic morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saunders, H. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson-Schlitz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkert, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildonger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acetylated α-tubulin residue K394 regulates microtubule stability to shape the growth of axon terminals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.437283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomy and Development of the Pectoral Fin Vascular Network in the Zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.437283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pectoral fins of teleost fish are analogous structures to human forelimbs, and the developmental mechanisms directing their initial growth and patterning are conserved between fish and tetrapods. The forelimb vasculature is critical for limb function, and it appears to play important roles during development by promoting development of other limb structures, but the steps leading to its formation are poorly understood. In this study, we use high-resolution imaging to document the stepwise assembly of the zebrafish pectoral fin vasculature. We show that fin vascular network formation is a stereotyped, choreographed process that begins with the growth of an initial vascular loop around the pectoral fin. This loop connects to the dorsal aorta to initiate pectoral vascular circulation. Pectoral fin vascular development continues with concurrent formation of three elaborate vascular plexuses, one in the distal fin that develops into the fin ray vasculature and two near the base of the fin in association with the developing fin musculature. Our findings detail a complex yet highly choreographed series of steps involved in the development of a complete, functional organ-specific vascular network.

SUMMARY STATEMENTThe stereotyped assembly of the pectoral fin vasculature is documented from first migratory sprout into the limb bud, to the adult-like form of the four week old larva.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paulissen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castranova, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krispin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.02.437283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomy and Development of the Pectoral Fin Vascular Network in the Zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Curvature-driven feedback on aggregation-diffusion of proteins in lipid bilayers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMembrane bending is an extensively studied problem from both modeling and experimental perspectives because of the wide implications of curvature generation in cell biology. Many of the curvature generating aspects in membranes can be attributed to interactions between proteins and membranes. These interactions include protein diffusion and formation of aggregates due to protein-protein interactions in the plane of the membrane. Recently, we developed a model that couples the in-plane flow of lipids and diffusion of proteins with the out-of-plane bending of the membrane. Building on this work, here, we focus on the role of explicit aggregation of proteins on the surface of the membrane in the presence of membrane bending and diffusion. We develop a comprehensive framework that includes lipid flow, membrane bending energy, the entropy of protein distribution, and an explicit aggregation potential and derive the governing equations. We compare this framework to the Cahn-Hillard formalism to predict the regimes in which the proteins form patterns on the membrane. We demonstrate the utility of this model using numerical simulations to predict how aggregation and diffusion, coupled with curvature generation, can alter the landscape of membrane-protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahapatra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintillan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.02.438263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Curvature-driven feedback on aggregation-diffusion of proteins in lipid bilayers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
THEM6-mediated lipid remodelling sustains stress resistance in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the clinical benefit of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), the majority of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) ultimately develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we identified thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) as a marker of ADT resistance in PCa. In patients, THEM6 expression correlates with progressive disease and is associated with poor survival. THEM6 deletion reduces in vivo tumour growth and restores castration sensitivity in orthograft models of CRPC. Mechanistically, THEM6 is located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and controls lipid homeostasis by regulating intracellular levels of ether lipids. Consequently, THEM6 loss in CRPC cells significantly alters ER function, reducing de novo sterol biosynthesis and preventing lipid-mediated induction of ATF4. Finally, we show that THEM6 is required for the establishment of the MYC-induced stress response. Thus, similar to PCa, THEM6 loss significantly impairs tumorigenesis in the MYC-dependent subtype of triple negative breast cancer. Altogether, our results highlight THEM6 as a novel component of the treatment-induced stress response and a promising target for the treatment of CRPC and MYC-driven cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blomme, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez Blanco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGregor, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ntala, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rushworth, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGarry, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repiscak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salji, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markert, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKay, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamphorst, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faulds, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleave, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avezov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumpton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Close, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanivan, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.04.438378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[THEM6-mediated lipid remodelling sustains stress resistance in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type specific circadian bioluminescence rhythms recorded from Dbp reporter mice reveal circadian oscillator misalignment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.04.438413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated physiological and molecular rhythms with a cycle length of about 24 h. Bioluminescent reporters have been exceptionally useful for studying circadian rhythms in numerous species. Here, we report development of a reporter mouse generated by modification of a widely expressed and highly rhythmic gene encoding D-site albumin promoter binding protein (Dbp). In this line of mice, firefly luciferase is expressed from the Dbp locus in a Cre-recombinase-dependent manner, allowing assessment of bioluminescence rhythms in specific cellular populations. A mouse line in which luciferase expression was Cre-independent was also generated. The Dbp reporter alleles do not alter Dbp gene expression rhythms in liver or circadian locomotor activity rhythms. In vivo and ex vivo studies show the utility of the reporter alleles for monitoring rhythmicity. Our studies reveal cell-type specific characteristics of rhythms among neuronal populations within the suprachiasmatic nuclei ex vivo. In vivo studies show Dbp-driven bioluminescence rhythms in the liver of Albumin-Cre;DbpKI/+ "liver reporter" mice. After a shift of the lighting schedule, locomotor activity achieved the proper phase relationship with the new lighting cycle more rapidly than hepatic bioluminescence did. As previously shown, restricting food access to the daytime altered the phase of hepatic rhythmicity. Our model allowed assessment of the rate of recovery from misalignment once animals were provided with food ad libitum. These studies confirm the previously demonstrated circadian misalignment following environmental perturbations and reveal the utility of this model for minimally invasive, longitudinal monitoring of rhythmicity from specific mouse tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Vinne, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCartney, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowie, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leise, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Burgos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molyneux, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbutt, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodsky, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.04.438413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type specific circadian bioluminescence rhythms recorded from Dbp reporter mice reveal circadian oscillator misalignment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein with amilorides correlate with antiviral activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus that is the causative agent of COVID-19, a sometimes-lethal respiratory infection responsible for a world-wide pandemic. The envelope (E) protein, one of four structural proteins encoded in the viral genome, is a 75-residue integral membrane protein whose transmembrane domain exhibits ion channel activity and whose cytoplasmic domain participates in protein-protein interactions. These activities contribute to several aspects of the viral replication-cycle, including virion assembly, budding, release, and pathogenesis. Here, we describe the structure and dynamics of full-length SARS-CoV-2 E protein in hexadecylphosphocholine micelles by NMR spectroscopy. We also characterized its interactions with four putative ion channel inhibitors. The chemical shift index and dipolar wave plots establish that E protein consists of a long transmembrane helix (residues 8-43) and a short cytoplasmic helix (residues 53-60) connected by a complex linker that exhibits some internal mobility. The conformations of the N-terminal transmembrane domain and the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain are unaffected by truncation from the intact protein. The chemical shift perturbations of E protein spectra induced by the addition of the inhibitors demonstrate that the N-terminal region (residues 6-18) is the principal binding site. The binding affinity of the inhibitors to E protein in micelles correlates with their antiviral potency in Vero E6 cells: HMA {approx} EIPA > DMA >> Amiloride, suggesting that bulky hydrophobic groups in the 5 position of the amiloride pyrazine ring play essential roles in binding to E protein and in antiviral activity. An N15A mutation increased the production of virus-like particles, induced significant chemical shift changes from residues in the inhibitor binding site, and abolished HMA binding, suggesting that Asn15 plays a key role in maintaining the protein conformation near the binding site. These studies provide the foundation for complete structure determination of E protein and for structure-based drug discovery targeting this protein.

Author SummaryThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the world-wide pandemic of COVID-19, has become one of the greatest threats to human health. While rapid progress has been made in the development of vaccines, drug discovery has lagged, partly due to the lack of atomic-resolution structures of the free and drug-bound forms of the viral proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, with its multiple activities that contribute to viral replication, is widely regarded as a potential target for COVID-19 treatment. As structural information is essential for drug discovery, we established an efficient sample preparation system for biochemical and structural studies of intact full-length SARS-CoV-2 E protein and characterized its structure and dynamics. We also characterized the interactions of amilorides with specific E protein residues and correlated this with their antiviral activity during viral replication. The binding affinity of the amilorides to E protein correlated with their antiviral potency, suggesting that E protein is indeed the likely target of their antiviral activity. We found that residue asparagine15 plays an important role in maintaining the conformation of the amiloride binding site, providing molecular guidance for the design of inhibitors targeting E protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddiqi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Angelis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oom, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opella, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein with amilorides correlate with antiviral activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An AI-guided invariant signature places MIS-C with Kawasaki disease in a continuum of host immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A significant surge in cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C, also called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome - PIMS) has been observed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. MIS-C shares many clinical features with Kawasaki disease (KD), although clinical course and outcomes are divergent. We analyzed whole blood RNA sequences, serum cytokines, and formalin fixed heart tissues from these patients using a computational toolbox of two gene signatures, i.e., the 166-gene viral pandemic (ViP) signature, and its 20-gene severe (s)ViP subset that were developed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a 13-transcript signature previously demonstrated to be diagnostic for KD. Our analyses revealed that KD and MIS-C are on the same continuum of the host immune response as COVID-19. While both the pediatric syndromes converge upon an IL15/IL15RA-centric cytokine storm, suggestive of shared proximal pathways of immunopathogenesis, they diverge in other laboratory parameters and cardiac phenotypes. The ViP signatures also revealed unique targetable cytokine pathways in MIS-C, place MIS-C farther along in the spectrum in severity compared to KD and pinpoint key clinical (reduced cardiac function) and laboratory (thrombocytopenia and eosinopenia) parameters that can be useful to monitor severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dattatray, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandelwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremoulet, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanegaye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocchini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pediatric Emergency Medicine Kawasaki Disease Research Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An AI-guided invariant signature places MIS-C with Kawasaki disease in a continuum of host immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vacuole phase-partitioning boosts mitochondria activity and cell lifespan through an inter-organelle lipid pipeline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional linkage between mitochondria and lysosomes is crucial for survival under starvation and lifespan extension. Despite such co-dependency, the supportive pathways connecting mitochondria and lysosomes remain unclear. Here, we identify an inter-organelle lipid trafficking pathway linking yeast vacuole and mitochondria that results in increased mitochondria growth and respiratory activity under glucose starvation. The pathway depends on vacuolar phase-separated, lipid domains, which provide zones for: activation of the vacuolar proton pump; lipid droplet (LD) docking and internalization; and, lipid transfer from vacuole-to-ER-to-mitochondria. Partitioned vacuolar domains form through a specialized type of macro-autophagy, triggered only under acute glucose starvation, that delivers sterol-rich, endosomal-derived lipids to the vacuole. To balance this lipid influx, the vacuole reroutes lipids back to the ER to support both LD biogenesis and mitochondria growth and activity. Energy produced by enhanced mitochondrial activity then feeds back to support the inter-organelle lipid trafficking pathways to ensure survival under nutrient stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seo, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkleti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohlwein, S.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott-Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vacuole phase-partitioning boosts mitochondria activity and cell lifespan through an inter-organelle lipid pipeline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Fronto-Striatal Connectivity is Organized into Discrete Functional Subnetworks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.12.439415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The striatum is interconnected with the cerebral cortex via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate cortico-striatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly-sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individually-specific precision functional mapping of cortico-striatal connections. We identified ten discrete, individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex--predominately frontal cortex--to striatum. These subnetworks included previously unknown striatal connections to the human language network. The discrete subnetworks formed a stepped rostral-caudal gradient progressing from nucleus accumbens to posterior putamen; this organization was strongest for projections from medial frontal cortex. The stepped gradient organization fit patterns of fronto-striatal connections better than a smooth, continuous gradient. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific stepped gradients of cortico-striatal connectivity that include human-specific language networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Fronto-Striatal Connectivity is Organized into Discrete Functional Subnetworks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Underwater dual-magnification imaging for automated lake plankton monitoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present an approach for automated in-situ monitoring of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities based on a dual magnification dark-field imaging microscope/camera. We describe the Dual Scripps Plankton Camera (DSPC) system and associated image processing, and assess its capabilities in detecting and characterizing plankton species of different size and taxonomic categories, and in measuring their abundances in both laboratory and field applications. In the laboratory, body size and abundance estimates by the DSPC significantly and robustly scale with the same measurements derived by traditional microscopy. In the field, a DSPC installed permanently at 3 m depth in Lake Greifensee (Switzerland), delivered images of plankton individuals, colonies, and heterospecific aggregates without disrupting natural arrangements of interacting organisms, their microenvironment or their behavior at hourly timescales. The DSPC was able to track the dynamics of taxa in the size range between [~]10 m to [~] 1 cm, covering virtually all the components of the planktonic food web (including parasites and potentially toxic cyanobacteria). Comparing data from the field-deployed DSPC to traditional sampling and microscopy revealed a general overall agreement in estimates of plankton diversity and abundances, despite imaging limitations in detecting small phytoplankton species and rare and large zooplankton taxa (e.g. carnivorous zooplankton). The most significant disagreements between traditional methods and the DSPC resided in the measurements of community properties of zooplankton, organisms that are heterogeneously distributed spatially and temporally, and whose demography appeared to be better captured by automated imaging. Time series collected by the DSPC depicted ecological succession patterns, algal bloom dynamics and circadian fluctuations with a temporal frequency and morphological resolution that would have been impossible with traditional methods. We conclude that the DSPC approach is suitable for stable long-term deployments, and robust for both research and water quality monitoring. Access to high frequency, reproducible and real-time data of a large spectrum of the planktonic ecosystem might represent a breakthrough in both applied and fundamental plankton ecology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozakiewicz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isles, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baity Jesi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, P. L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardeman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorimer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomati, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Underwater dual-magnification imaging for automated lake plankton monitoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive epigenomic profiling of human alveolar epithelial differentiation identifies key epigenetic states and transcription factor co-regulatory networks for maintenance of distal lung identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disruption of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation is implicated in peripheral lung diseases strongly impacting morbidity and mortality worldwide, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung adenocarcinoma. Elucidating underlying disease pathogenesis requires a mechanistic molecular understanding of AEC differentiation. However, to date no study has comprehensively characterized the dynamic epigenomic alterations that facilitate this critical process in humans. We comprehensively profiled the epigenomic states of human AECs during type 2 to type 1-like cell differentiation, including the methylome and chromatin functional domains, and integrated this with transcriptome-wide RNA expression. Enhancer regions were drastically altered during AEC differentiation. Transcription factor binding analysis within enhancer regions revealed diverse interactive networks with enrichment for dozens of transcription factors, including NKX2-1 and FOXA family members, as well as transcription factors with previously uncharacterized roles in lung differentiation, such as members of the MEF2, TEAD, and AP1 families. Additionally, associations between transcription factors changed during differentiation, implicating a complex network of heterotrimeric complex switching may be involved in facilitating differentiation. Integration of AEC enhancer states with the catalog of enhancer elements in the Roadmap Epigenomics Mapping Consortium and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) revealed that human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) have a similar epigenomic structure to alveolar epithelium, with NKX2-1 serving as a distinguishing feature of distal lung differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that enhancer regions with dynamic transcription factor interactions are hotspots of epigenomic alteration that help to facilitate AEC differentiation.

Author SummaryHuman health and disease states are heavily influenced by the critical cellular processes that regulate and protect our genomes. One of these safeguards is the epigenome; the coordinated set of signals overlaid on top of our DNA that controls what can happen to a given stretch DNA. Hence, epigenomic signatures play a critical role in the development and maintenance of cellular fate and function. To determine the relationship between epigenomic alterations and cellular fates of distal lung cells in humans during the process that regenerates the human lung epithelial layer after injury, we performed comprehensive genome-wide profiling of many epigenetic modifications that have roles in regulating the function of the underlying DNA. We found that changes to enhancer regions, which act to turn on associated gene expression, were the major alterations to the epigenome during distal lung differentiation, and that within those regions dynamic changes in transcription factor associations were occurring to facilitate this process. We then characterize what was similar and distinct to the enhancers of distal lung from among other epithelial tissues and describe a novel role for specific transcription factors in this process that previously had no known role in normal lung repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stueve, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihalakakos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegmund, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Offringa, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconett, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive epigenomic profiling of human alveolar epithelial differentiation identifies key epigenetic states and transcription factor co-regulatory networks for maintenance of distal lung identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monosodium Urate Crystals regulate a unique JNK-dependent macrophage metabolic and inflammatory response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How macrophages are programmed to respond to monosodium urate crystals (MSUc) is incompletely understood partly due to the use of a toll-like receptor-induced priming step. Here, using genome wide transcriptomic analysis and biochemical assays we demonstrate that MSUc alone induces an in vitro metabolic-inflammatory transcriptional program in both human and murine macrophages markedly distinct from that induced by LPS. Genes uniquely up-regulated in response to MSUc belonged to lipids, glycolysis, and transport of small molecules via SLC transporters pathways. Sera from individuals and mice with acute gouty arthritis provided further evidence for this metabolic rewiring. This distinct macrophage activation may explain the initiating mechanisms in acute gout flares and is regulated through JUN binding to the promoter of target genes through activation of JNK -but not by P38-in a process that is independent of inflammasome activation. Finally, pharmacological JNK inhibition limited MSUc-induced inflammation in animal models of acute gouty inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coras, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lana, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terkeltaub, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monosodium Urate Crystals regulate a unique JNK-dependent macrophage metabolic and inflammatory response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Stability and Genetic Defense Systems in Dolosigranulum pigrum a Candidate Beneficial Bacterium from the Human Microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.16.440249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dolosigranulum pigrum is positively associated with indicators of health in multiple epidemiological studies of human nasal microbiota. Knowledge of the basic biology of D. pigrum is a prerequisite for evaluating its potential for future therapeutic use; however, such data are very limited. To gain insight into D. pigrums chromosomal structure, pangenome and genomic stability, we compared the genomes of 28 D. pigrum strains that were collected across 20 years. Phylogenomic analysis showed closely related strains circulating over this period and closure of 19 genomes revealed highly conserved chromosomal synteny. Gene clusters involved in the mobilome and in defense against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were enriched in the accessory genome versus the core genome. A systematic analysis for MGEs identified the first candidate D. pigrum prophage and insertion sequence. A systematic analysis for genetic elements that limit the spread of MGEs, including restriction modification (RM), CRISPR-Cas, and deity-named defense systems, revealed strain-level diversity in host defense systems that localized to specific genomic sites including one RM system hotspot. Analysis of CRISPR spacers pointed to a wealth of MGEs against which D. pigrum defends itself. These results reveal a role for horizontal gene transfer and mobile genetic elements in strain diversification while highlighting that in D. pigrum this occurs within the context of a highly stable chromosomal organization protected by a variety of defense mechanisms.

IMPORTANCEDolosigranulum pigrum is a candidate beneficial bacterium with potential for future therapeutic use. This is based on its positive associations with characteristics of health in multiple studies of human nasal microbiota across the span of human life. For example, high levels of D. pigrum nasal colonization in adults predicts the absence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. Also, D. pigrum nasal colonization in young children is associated with healthy control groups in studies of middle ear infections. Our analysis of 28 genomes revealed a remarkable stability of D. pigrum strains colonizing people in the U.S. across a 20-year span. We subsequently identified factors that can influence this stability, including genomic stability, phage predators, the role of MGEs in strain-level variation and defenses against MGEs. Finally, these D. pigrum strains also lacked predicted virulence factors. Overall, these findings add additional support to the potential for D. pigrum as a therapeutic bacterium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flores Ramos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brugger, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez Escapa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skeete, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eslami, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemon, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.16.440249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Stability and Genetic Defense Systems in Dolosigranulum pigrum a Candidate Beneficial Bacterium from the Human Microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.17.440161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mucin-mimetic glycan arrays integrating machine learning for analyzing receptor pattern recognition by influenza A viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.17.440161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) exploit host glycans in airway epithelial mucosa to gain entry and initiate infection. Rapid detection of changes in IAV specificity towards host glycan classes can provide early indication of virus transmissibility and infection potential. IAVs use hemagglutinins (HA) to bind sialic acids linked to larger glycan structures and a switch in HA specificity from 2,3-to 2,6-linked sialoglycans is considered a prerequisite for viral transmission from birds to humans. While the changes in HA structure associated with the evolution of binding phenotype have been mapped, the influence of glycan receptor presentation on IAV specificity remains obscured. Here, we describe a glycan array platform which uses synthetic mimetics of mucin glycoproteins to model how receptor presentation in the mucinous glycocalyx, including glycan type and valency of the glycoconjugates and their surface density, impact IAV binding. We found that H1N1 virus produced in embryonated chicken eggs, which recognizes both receptor types, exclusively engaged mucin-mimetics carrying 2,3-linked sialic acids in their soluble form. The virus was able utilize both receptor structures when the probes were immobilized on the array; however, increasing density in the mucin-mimetic brush diminished viral adhesion. Propagation in mammalian cells produced a change in receptor pattern recognition by the virus, without altering its HA affinity, toward improved binding of 2,6-sialylated mucin mimetics and reduced sensitivity to surface crowding of the probes. Application of a support vector machine (SVM) learning algorithm as part of the glycan array binding analysis efficiently characterized this shift in binding preference and may prove useful to study the evolution of viral responses to a new host.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lucas, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naticchia, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagneux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singharoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.17.440161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mucin-mimetic glycan arrays integrating machine learning for analyzing receptor pattern recognition by influenza A viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iRQC, a surveillance pathway for 40S ribosomal quality control during mRNA translation initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since multiple ribosomes can engage a single mRNA, nonuniform ribosome progression can result in collisions. Ribosome collisions during translation elongation elicit a multifaceted ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) response. Despite advanced mechanistic understanding of translation initiation, a parallel RQC pathway that acts on collided preinitiation complexes has not been described. Here, we show that blocking progression of scanning or elongating ribosomes past the start codon triggers uS3 and uS5 ribosomal ubiquitylation. We demonstrate that conditions that activate the integrated stress response can also induce preinitiation complex collisions. The ubiquitin ligase, RNF10, and the deubiquitylating enzyme, USP10, are the key regulators of uS3 and uS5 ubiquitylation. Prolonged uS3 and uS5 ubiquitylation results in 40S, but not 60S, ribosomal protein degradation in an autophagy-independent manner. This study identifies a distinct arm in the RQC pathway, initiation RQC (iRQC), that acts on pervasive ribosome collisions during translation initiation to modulate translation activity and capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garshott, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaramoorthy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicary, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iRQC, a surveillance pathway for 40S ribosomal quality control during mRNA translation initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular features of exceptional response to neoadjuvant anti-androgen therapy in high-risk localized prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.20.440657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-risk localized prostate cancer (HRLPC) is associated with a substantial risk of recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality1. Recent clinical trials have shown that intensifying anti-androgen therapies administered prior to prostatectomy can induce pathologic complete responses (pCR) or minimal residual disease (MRD) (<5 mm), together termed exceptional response, although the molecular determinants of these clinical outcomes are largely unknown. Here, we performed whole exome (WES) and whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on pre-treatment multi-regional tumor biopsies from exceptional responders (ER: pCR and MRD patients) and non-responders (NR: pathologic T3 or lymph node positive disease) treated with intensive anti-androgen therapies prior to prostatectomy. SPOP mutation and SPOPL copy number loss were exclusively observed in ER, while TP53 mutation and PTEN copy number loss were exclusively observed in NR. These alterations were clonal in all tumor phylogenies per patient. Additionally, transcriptional programs involving androgen signaling and TGF{beta} signaling were enriched in ER and NR, respectively. The presence of these alterations in routine biopsies from patients with HRLPC may inform the prospective identification of responders to neoadjuvant anti-androgen therapies to improve clinical outcomes and stratify other patients to alternative biologically informed treatment strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tewari, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, A. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowdis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wankowicz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livitz, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boosma-Moody, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlDubayan, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKay, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leshchiner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taplin, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.20.440657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular features of exceptional response to neoadjuvant anti-androgen therapy in high-risk localized prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic Presence of Blood Circulating Anti-NMDAR1 Autoantibodies Impairs Cognitive Function in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.440976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High titers of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies in brain cause anti-NMDAR1 encephalitis that displays psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and/or other psychiatric disorders in addition to neurological symptoms. Low titers of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies are reported in the blood of a subset of the general human population and psychiatric patients. Since [~]0.1-0.2% of blood circulating antibodies cross the blood-brain barriers and antibodies can persist for months and years in human blood, it is important to investigate whether chronic presence of these blood circulating anti- NMDAR1 autoantibodies may impair human cognitive functions and contribute to the development of psychiatric symptoms. Here, we generated mice carrying low titers of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies in blood against a single antigenic epitope of mouse NMDAR1. Mice carrying the anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies are healthy and display no differences in locomotion, sensorimotor gating, and contextual memory compared to controls. Chronic presence of the blood circulating anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies, however, is sufficient to specifically impair T-maze spontaneous alternation in the integrity of blood-brain barriers across all 3 independent mouse cohorts, indicating a robust cognitive deficit in spatial working memory and/or novelty detection. Our studies implicate that chronic presence of low titers of blood circulating anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies may impair cognitive functions in both the general healthy human population and psychiatric patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.440976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic Presence of Blood Circulating Anti-NMDAR1 Autoantibodies Impairs Cognitive Function in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent, functionally independent signaling by mu and delta opioid receptors in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional interactions between G protein-coupled receptors are poised to enhance neuronal sensitivity to neuromodulators and therapeutic drugs. Mu and Delta opioid receptors (MORs and DORs) can interact when overexpressed in the same cells, but whether co-expression of endogenous MORs and DORs in neurons leads to functional interactions is unclear. Here, we show that both MORs and DORs inhibit parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PV-BCs) in hippocampal CA1 through partially occlusive signaling pathways that terminate on somato-dendritic potassium channels and presynaptic calcium channels. Using photoactivatable opioid neuropeptides, we find that DORs dominate the response to enkephalin in terms of both ligand-sensitivity and kinetics, which may be due to relatively low expression levels of MOR. Opioid-activated potassium channels do not show heterologous desensitization, indicating that MORs and DORs signal independently. In a direct test for heteromeric functional interactions, the DOR antagonist TIPP-Psi does not alter the kinetics or potency of either the potassium channel or synaptic responses to photorelease of the MOR agonist DAMGO. Thus, despite largely redundant and convergent signaling, MORs and DORs do not functionally interact in PV-BCs. These findings imply that crosstalk between MORs and DORs, either in the form of physical interactions or synergistic intracellular signaling, is not a preordained outcome of co-expression in neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloodgood, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banghart, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.23.441199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent, functionally independent signaling by mu and delta opioid receptors in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.24.438478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diet Potentially Drives the Differentiation of Eating Behaviours via Alterations to the Gut Microbiome in Infants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.24.438478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Certain infant eating behaviours are associated with adverse health outcomes such as obesity. While a diet consisting of infant formula has been linked to higher-risk eating behaviours and changes in the gut microbiome, little is known about what role the gut microbiome plays in mediating eating behaviours. Using 16S rRNA sequences extracted from 96 fecal samples collected from 58 infants, we identified a subset of bacterial taxa that were more abundant in formula-fed infants, primarily composed of the phylum Firmicutes. The presence of these taxa correlated with a lower drive to eat (i.e., lower food responsiveness). Furthermore, short-chain fatty acid production pathways were significantly more abundant in formula-fed infants, negatively correlated with food responsiveness, and positively associated with relative abundance of the Firmicutes subset. Our results suggest that higher abundances of Firmicutes in formula-fed infants may decrease their food responsiveness through short-chain fatty acid production in the first four months of life. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential role for the infants diet in impacting eating behaviour via changes to the gut microbiome, which may lead to the development of novel interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lumeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.24.438478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diet Potentially Drives the Differentiation of Eating Behaviours via Alterations to the Gut Microbiome in Infants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Entropy Regularized Deconvolution of Cellular Cryo-Transmission Electron Tomograms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) allows for the high resolution visualization of biological macromolecules. However, the technique is limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and variance in contrast at different frequencies, as well as reduced Z resolution. Here, we applied entropy regularized deconvolution (ER DC) to cryo-electron tomography data generated from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reconstructed using weighted back projection (WBP). We applied DC to several in situ cryo-ET data sets, and assess the results by Fourier analysis and subtomogram analysis (STA).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Croxford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbaum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arigovindan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kam, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agard, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Entropy Regularized Deconvolution of Cellular Cryo-Transmission Electron Tomograms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441538v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding double descent through the lens of principal component regression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441538v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A number of recent papers have studied the double-descent phenomenon: as the number of parameters in a supervised learning model increasingly exceeds that of data points ("second-descent"), the empirical risk curve has been observed to not overfit, instead decreasing monotonically, sometimes to a level even better than the best "first-descent" model (using a subset of features not exceeding the number of data points). Understanding exactly when this happens and why it happens is an important theoretical problem. Focusing on the over-parameterized linear regression setting, a commonly chosen case study in the double-descent literature, we present two theoretical results: 1) final second-descent (regression using all of the predictor variables) and principal component (PC) regression without dimensionality reduction are equivalent; 2) the PCR risk curve can be expected to lower bound not only all linearly transformed first-descent models, but also all linearly transformed second-descent models (including the elimination of features as a special case); 3) if the smallest singular value of the design matrix is "large enough" (we will define mathematically), final second-descent can be expected to outperform any first-descent or second-descent model. These insights have important ramifications for a type of semi-supervised learning problem, a scenario which can explain why a face representation trained on unlabeled faces from one race would be better for later supervised-learning tasks on the same race of faces than for faces from another race - this can both provide a scientific explanation for the other-race effect seen in humans and give hints for how to mitigate similar issues in the domain of ethical AI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lind, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441538</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding double descent through the lens of principal component regression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
THC modifies the impact of heroin delivered by vapor inhalation in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioids are effective medications, but they have several key limitations including the development of tolerance, establishment of dependence, diversion for non-medical use and the development of addiction. Therefore, any drugs which act in an additive or synergistic fashion with opioids to address medical applications have the potential to reduce opioid-related harms. This study was conducted to determine if heroin and {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interact in an additive or independent manner to alter nociception, body temperature and spontaneous locomotor activity when inhaled or injected.

Groups of male and female rats implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters were exposed to vapor for assessment of effects on temperature and activity. Heroin (50 mg/mL in the propylene glycol; PG) inhalation increased temperature and activity whereas THC (50 mg/mL) inhalation decreased temperature and activity. Effects of combined inhalation were in opposition, and additional experiments found the same outcome for the injection of heroin (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) and THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone and in combination. In contrast, the co-administration of Heroin and THC by either inhalation or injection produced additive effects on thermal nociception assessed with a warm water tail-withdrawal assay in male and female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.

The conclusion of this study is that additive effects of THC with heroin on a medical endpoint such as analgesia may not generalize to other behavioral or physiological effects, which may be a positive outcome for unwanted side effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creehan, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javadi-Paydar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[THC modifies the impact of heroin delivered by vapor inhalation in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Red blood cells protect oxygen transport with adrenergic sodium-proton exchangers in hypoxic and hypercapnic white seabass 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.28.441819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
White seabass (Atractoscion nobilis) are increasingly experiencing periods of low oxygen (O2; hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (CO2, hypercapnia) due to climate change and eutrophication of the coastal waters of California. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the principal O2 carrier in the blood and in many teleost fishes Hb-O2 binding is compromised at low pH; however, the red blood cells (RBC) of some species regulate intracellular pH with adrenergically-stimulated sodium-proton-exchangers ({beta}-NHE). We hypothesized that RBC {beta}-NHEs in white seabass are an important mechanism that can protect the blood O2-carrying capacity during hypoxia and hypercapnia. We determined the O2-binding characteristics of white seabass blood, the response of RBCs to adrenergic stimulation, and quantified the protective effect of {beta}-NHE activity on Hb-O2 saturation. White seabass had typical teleost Hb characteristics, with a moderate O2 affinity (PO2 at half-saturation; P50 2.9 kPa) that was highly pH-sensitive (Bohr coefficient -0.92; Root effect 52%). The presence of RBC {beta}-NHEs was confirmed by functional, molecular and bioinformatic data and super-resolution imaging revealed, for the first time, the subcellular location of {beta}-NHE protein in vesicle-like structures and on the RBC membrane, and its translocation after adrenergic stimulation. The activation of RBC {beta}-NHEs increased Hb-O2 saturation by [~]8% in normoxia at 1 kPa PCO2, and by up to 20% in hypoxia. Our results confirm that RBC {beta}-NHE activity in white seabass has great potential to protect arterial O2 transport in environmentally relevant conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia, but also reveal a potential vulnerability of fish to combinations of these stressors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harter, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifford, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.28.441819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Red blood cells protect oxygen transport with adrenergic sodium-proton exchangers in hypoxic and hypercapnic white seabass]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.441940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signatures of copy number alterations in human cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.441940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gains and losses of DNA that emerge as a consequence of mitotic errors and chromosomal instability are prevalent in cancer. These copy number alterations contribute to cancer initiaition, progression and therapeutic resistance. Here, we present a conceptual framework for examining the patterns of copy number alterations in human cancer using whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and SNP6 microarray data making it widely applicable to diverse datasets. Deploying this framework to 9,873 cancers representing 33 human cancer types from the TCGA project revealed a set of 19 copy number signatures that explain the copy number patterns of 93% of TCGA samples. 15 copy number signatures were attributed to biological processes of whole-genome doubling, aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity, homologous recombination deficiency, and chromothripsis. The aetiology of four copy number signatures are unexplained and some cancer types have unique patterns of amplicon signatures associated with extrachromosomal DNA, disease-specific survival, and gains of proto-oncogenes such as MDM2. In contrast to base-scale mutational signatures, no copy number signature associated with known cancer risk factors. The results provide a foundation for exploring patterns of copy number changes in cancer genomes and synthesise the global landscape of copy number alterations in human cancer by revealing a diversity of mutational processes giving rise to copy number changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steele, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, A. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haase, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hames, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarabichi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesluyes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mertens, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Loo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.441940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signatures of copy number alterations in human cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome analyses reveal tau isoform-driven changes in transposable element and gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.442101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative splicing of the gene MAPT produces several isoforms of tau protein. Overexpression of these isoforms is characteristic of tauopathies, which are currently untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. Though non-canonical functions of tau have drawn interest, the role of tau isoforms in these diseases has not been fully examined and may reveal new details of tau-driven pathology. In particular, tau has been shown to promote activation of transposable elements -- highly regulated nucleotide sequences that replicate throughout the genome and can promote immunologic responses and cellular stress. This study examined tau isoforms roles in promoting cell damage and dysregulation of genes and transposable elements at a family-specific and locus-specific level. We performed immunofluorescence, Western blot and cytotoxicity assays, along with paired-end RNA sequencing on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells infected with lentiviral constructs of tau isoforms and treated with amyloid-beta oligomers. Our transcriptomic findings were validated using publicly available RNA-sequencing data from Alzheimers disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and control human samples from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership for AD (AMP-AD).

Significance for biochemical assays was determined using Wilcoxon ranked-sum tests and false discovery rate. Transcriptome analysis was conducted through DESeq2 and the TEToolkit suite available from the Hammell lab at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Our analyses show overexpression of different tau isoforms and their interactions with amyloid-beta in SH-SY5Y cells result in isoform-specific changes in the transcriptome, with locus-specific transposable element dysregulation patterns paralleling those seen in patients with Alzheimers disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Locus-level transposable element expression showed increased dysregulation of L1 and Alu sites, which have been shown to drive pathology in other neurological diseases. We also demonstrated differences in rates of cell death in SH-SY5Y cells depending on tau isoform overexpression. These results demonstrate the importance of examining tau isoforms role in neurodegeneration and of further examining transposable element dysregulation in tauopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grundman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarsoza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome analyses reveal tau isoform-driven changes in transposable element and gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeated administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) attenuates the chronic inflammatory response to experimental stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.03.442388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Globally, more than 67 million people are living with the effects of ischemic stroke. Importantly, many stroke survivors develop a chronic inflammatory response that may contribute to cognitive impairment, a common and debilitating sequela of stroke that is insufficiently studied and currently untreatable. 2-hydroxypropyl-{beta}-cyclodextrin (HP{beta}CD) is an FDA-approved cyclic oligosaccharide that can solubilize and entrap lipophilic substances. The goal of the present study was to determine whether the repeated administration of HP{beta}CD curtails the chronic inflammatory response to stroke by reducing lipid accumulation within stroke infarcts in a distal middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model of stroke. To achieve this goal, we subcutaneously injected young adult and aged male mice with vehicle or HP{beta}CD three times per week, with treatment beginning one week after stroke. We evaluated mice at 7 weeks following stroke using immunostaining, RNA sequencing, lipidomics, and behavioral analyses. Chronic stroke infarct and peri-infarct regions of HP{beta}CD-treated mice were characterized by an upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and a downregulation of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity, reactive astrogliosis, and chemotaxis. Correspondingly, HP{beta}CD reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and plasma cells in stroke infarcts. Repeated administration of HP{beta}CD also preserved NeuN immunoreactivity in the striatum and thalamus and c-Fos immunoreactivity in hippocampal regions. Additionally, HP{beta}CD improved recovery through the protection of hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory and reduction of impulsivity. These results indicate that systemic HP{beta}CD treatment following stroke attenuates chronic inflammation and secondary neurodegeneration and prevents post-stroke cognitive decline.

Significance StatementDementia is a common and debilitating sequela of stroke. Currently, there are no available treatments for post-stroke dementia. Our study shows that lipid metabolism is disrupted in chronic stroke infarcts, which causes an accumulation of uncleared lipid debris and correlates with a chronic inflammatory response. To our knowledge, these substantial changes in lipid homeostasis have not been previously recognized or investigated in the context of ischemic stroke. We also provide a proof of principle that solubilizing and entrapping lipophilic substances using HP{beta}CD could be an effective strategy for treating chronic inflammation after stroke and other CNS injuries. We propose that using HP{beta}CD for the prevention of post-stroke dementia could improve recovery and increase long-term quality of life in stroke sufferers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Becktel, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zbesko, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavera-Garcia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnellmann, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.-V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.03.442388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeated administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) attenuates the chronic inflammatory response to experimental stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping the Central and Peripheral Projections of Lung Innervating Sensory Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While best known as the gas exchange organ, the lung is also critical for sensing and responding to the aerosol environment in part through interaction with the nervous system. The rich diversity of lung innervating neurons remains poorly understood. Here, we interrogated the cell body location, projection pattern and targets of lung-innervating sensory neurons. Retrograde tracing from the lung labeled neurons primarily in the vagal ganglia, in a spatially distributed population expressing markers including Vglut2, Trpv1, Tac1, Calb1 or Piezo2. Centrally, they project to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem. Peripherally, they project along the branching airways and terminate on airway smooth muscles, vasculature including lymphatics, and selected alveoli. Notably, a discrete population of Calb1+ neurons preferentially innervate pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, a demonstrated airway sensor population. This comprehensive illustration of the properties of lung innervating sensory neurons serves as a foundation for understanding their function in lung.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verheyden, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.442702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping the Central and Peripheral Projections of Lung Innervating Sensory Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cecropins contribute to Drosophila host defense against fungal and Gram-negative bacterial infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cecropins are small helical secreted peptides with antimicrobial activity that are widely distributed among insects. Genes encoding Cecropins are strongly induced upon infection, pointing to their role in host-defence. In Drosophila, four Cecropin genes clustered in the genome (CecA1, CecA2, CecB and CecC) are expressed upon infection downstream of the Toll and Imd pathways. In this study, we generated a short deletion{Delta} CecA-C removing the whole Cecropin locus. Using the{Delta} CecA-C deficiency alone or in combination with other antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mutations, we addressed the function of Cecropins in the systemic immune response.{Delta} CecA-C flies were viable and resisted challenge with various microbes as wild-type. However, removing{Delta} CecA-C in flies already lacking ten other AMP genes revealed a role for Cecropins in defence against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Measurements of pathogen loads confirm that Cecropins contribute to the control of certain Gram-negative bacteria, notably Enterobacter cloacae and Providencia heimbachae. Collectively, our work provides the first genetic demonstration of a role for Cecropins in insect host defence, and confirms their in vivo activity primarily against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Generation of a fly line ({Delta}AMP14) that lacks fourteen immune inducible AMPs provides a powerful tool to address the function of these immune effectors in host-pathogen interactions and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carboni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wasserman, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaitre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cecropins contribute to Drosophila host defense against fungal and Gram-negative bacterial infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing the nature of events and event context using Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Event-related data analysis plays a central role in EEG and MEG (MEEG) and other neuroimaging modalities such as fMRI. Choices about which events to report and how to annotate their full natures significantly influence the value, reliability, and reproducibility of neuroimaging datasets for further analysis and meta- or mega-analysis. A powerful annotation strategy using the new third-generation formulation of the Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED) framework and tools (hedtags.org) combines robust event description with details of experiment design and metadata in a human-readable as well as machine-actionable form, making event annotation relevant to the full range of neuroimaging and other time series data. This paper considers the event design and annotation process using as a case study the well-known multi-subject, multimodal dataset of Wakeman and Henson made available by its authors as a Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) dataset (bids.neuroimaging.io). We propose a set of best practices and guidelines for event annotation integrated in a natural way into the BIDS metadata file architecture, examine the impact of event design decisions, and provide a working example of organizing events in MEEG and other neuroimaging data. We demonstrate how annotations using HED can document events occurring during neuroimaging experiments as well as their interrelationships, providing machine-actionable annotation enabling automated within- and across-experiment analysis and comparisons. We discuss the evolution of HED software tools and have made an accompanying HED-annotated BIDS-formatted edition of the MEEG data of the Wakeman and Henson dataset (openneuro.org, ds003645).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robbins, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appelhoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delorme, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing the nature of events and event context using Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIV/Girdin, a Non-receptor Modulator for Gαi/s, Regulates Spatiotemporal Signaling during Sperm Capacitation and is Required for Male Fertility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For a sperm to successfully fertilize an egg, it must first undergo capacitation in the female reproductive tract, and later undergo acrosomal reaction (AR) upon encountering an egg surrounded by its vestment. How premature AR is avoided despite rapid surges in signaling cascades during capacitation remains unknown. Using a combination of KO mice and cell-penetrating peptides, we show that GIV (CCDC88A), a guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator (GEM) for trimeric GTPases, is highly expressed in spermatocytes and is required for male fertility. GIV is rapidly phosphoregulated on key tyrosine and serine residues in human and murine spermatozoa. These phosphomodifications enable GIV-GEM to orchestrate two distinct compartmentalized signaling programs in the sperm tail and head; in the tail, GIV enhances PI3K[-&gt;] Akt signals, sperm motility and survival, whereas in the head it inhibits cAMP surge and premature AR. Furthermore, GIV transcripts are downregulated in the testis and semen of infertile men. These findings exemplify the spatiotemporally segregated signaling programs that support sperm capacitation and shed light on a hitherto unforeseen cause of infertility in men.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=199 SRC="FIGDIR/small/442927v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (66K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f4901forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2211dforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c37ff5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@105eed7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIGIV is highly expressed in spermatozoa, and is required for male fertility
C_LIO_LIGIV is rapidly phosphoregulated during sperm capacitation
C_LIO_LIIt enhances tyrosine-based signals in sperm tail, enhances motility
C_LIO_LIIt suppresses cAMP in the sperm head, inhibits premature acrosome exocytosis
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reynoso, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Sanchez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohena, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagneux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIV/Girdin, a Non-receptor Modulator for Gαi/s, Regulates Spatiotemporal Signaling during Sperm Capacitation and is Required for Male Fertility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPT6 loss Permits the Transdifferentiation of Keratinocytes into anIntestinal Fate that Recapitulates Barretts Metaplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transient depletion of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in the keratinocyte has been recently shown to inhibit epidermal differentiation and stratification; instead, they transdifferentiate into a gut-like lineage. We show here that this phenomenon of transdifferentiation recapitulates Barretts metaplasia, the only human pathophysiologic condition in which a stratified squamous epithelium that is injured due to chronic acid reflux is trans-committed into an intestinal fate. The evidence we present here not only lend support to the notion that the keratinocytes are the cell of origin of Barretts metaplasia, but also provide mechanistic insights linking transient acid exposure, downregulation of SPT6, stalled transcription of the master regulator of epidermal fate TP63, loss of epidermal fate and metaplastic progression. Because Barretts metaplasia in the esophagus (BE) is a pre-neoplastic condition with no preclinical human models, these findings have a profound impact on the modeling Barretts metaplasia-in-a-dish.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=192 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/442930v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (58K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8ce08aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e98c83org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@107f521org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16e7523_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIKeratinocytes transdifferentiate into the gut lineage upon depletion of SPT6
C_LIO_LISuch transdifferentiation recapitulates Barretts metaplasia, not the healthy gut
C_LIO_LIAcid downregulates SPT6, which derails the expression and functions of TP63
C_LIO_LISuch downregulation precedes the metaplasia-dysplasia-neoplasia cascade
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPT6 loss Permits the Transdifferentiation of Keratinocytes into anIntestinal Fate that Recapitulates Barretts Metaplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accuracy in near-perfect virus phylogenies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPhylogenetic trees from real-world data often include short edges with very few substitutions per site, which can lead to partially resolved trees and poor accuracy. Theory indicates that the number of sites needed to accurately reconstruct a fully resolved tree grows at a rate proportional to the inverse square of the length of the shortest edge. However, when inferred trees are partially resolved due to short edges, "accuracy" should be defined as the rate of discovering false splits (clades on a rooted tree) relative to the actual number found. Thus, accuracy can be high even if short edges are common. Specifically, in a "near-perfect" parameter space in which trees are large, the tree length{xi} (the sum of all edge lengths), is small, and rate variation is minimal, the expected false positive rate is less than{xi} /3; the exact value depends on tree shape and sequence length. This expected false positive rate is far below the false negative rate for small{xi} and often well below 5% even when some assumptions are relaxed. We show this result analytically for maximum parsimony and explore its extension to maximum likelihood using theory and simulations. For hypothesis testing, we show that measures of split "support" that rely on bootstrap resampling consistently imply weaker support than that implied by the false positive rates in near-perfect trees. The near-perfect parameter space closely fits several empirical studies of human virus diversification during outbreaks and epidemics, including Ebolavirus, Zika virus, and SARS-CoV-2, reflecting low substitution rates relative to high transmission/sampling rates in these viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accuracy in near-perfect virus phylogenies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial Unc5B controls blood-brain barrier integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.06.442974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is critical for proper function of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we showed that the endothelial Netrin1 receptor Unc5B controls BBB integrity by maintaining Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling. Inducible endothelial-specific deletion of Unc5B in adult mice led to region and size-selective BBB opening. Loss of Unc5B decreased BBB Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling, and {beta}-catenin overexpression rescued Unc5B mutant BBB defects. Mechanistically, Netrin1 enhanced Unc5B interaction with the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, induced its phosphorylation and activated Wnt/{beta}-catenin downstream signaling. Intravenous delivery of antibodies blocking Netrin1 binding to Unc5B caused a transient disruption of Wnt signaling and BBB breakdown, followed by neurovascular barrier resealing. These data identify Netrin-Unc5B signaling as a novel regulator of BBB integrity with potential therapeutic utility for CNS diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geraldo, L. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>furtado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pibouin-fragner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maissa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavitian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agalliu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claesson-Welsh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.06.442974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial Unc5B controls blood-brain barrier integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.443169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycocalyx crowding with synthetic mucin mimetics strengthens interactions between soluble and virus-associated lectins and cell surface glycan receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.07.443169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane-associated mucins protect epithelial cell surfaces against pathogenic threats by serving as non-productive decoys that capture infectious agents and clear them from the cell surface and by erecting a physical barrier that restricts their access to target receptors on host cells. However, the mechanisms through which mucins function are still poorly defined due to a limited repertoire of tools available for tailoring their structure and composition in living cells with molecular precision. Using synthetic glycopolymer mimetics of mucins, we modeled the mucosal glycocalyx on red blood cells (RBC) and evaluated its influence on lectin (SNA) and virus (H1N1) adhesion to endogenous sialic acid receptors. The glycocalyx inhibited the rate of SNA and H1N1 adhesion in a size- and density-dependent manner, consistent with current view of the mucins as providing a protective shield against pathogens. Counterintuitively, increasing density of the mucin mimetics enhanced the retention of bound lectins and viruses. Careful characterization of SNA behavior at the RBC surface using a range of biophysical and imaging techniques revealed lectin-induced crowding and reorganization of the glycocalyx with concomitant enhancement in lectin clustering, presumably through the formation of a more extensive glycan receptor patch at the cell surface. Our findings indicate that glycan-targeting pathogens may exploit the biophysical and biomechanical properties of mucins to overcome the mucosal glycocalyx barrier.

SignificanceLike other animal hosts, humans are constantly challenged by pathogens. This has led to an evolution of physical barriers coating all mucosal tissues, which are most vulnerable to infection. An important part of this defense is a dense brush of large proteins, called mucins, which are heavily decorated with sugars and keep pathogens at bay. Deciphering how pathogens overcome the mucin barrier is necessary to understand early stages of infection and to develop more effective treatments. By artificially installing the mucin-like shield on the surfaces of cells using synthetic sugar-bearing polymers, we have discovered a new physical mechanism by which proteins and viruses can exploit this barrier to more strongly adhere to their targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Honigfort, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gagneux, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.07.443169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycocalyx crowding with synthetic mucin mimetics strengthens interactions between soluble and virus-associated lectins and cell surface glycan receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The breast pre-cancer atlas illustrates the molecular and micro-environmental diversity of ductal carcinoma in situ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Micro-environmental and molecular factors mediating the progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) are not well understood, impeding the development of prevention strategies and the safe testing of treatment de-escalation. We addressed methodological barriers and characterized the mutational, transcriptional, histological and microenvironmental landscape across 85 multiple micro-dissected regions from 39 cases. Most somatic alterations, including whole genome duplications, were clonal, but genetic divergence increased with physical distance. Phenotypic and subtype heterogeneity frequently associated with underlying genetic heterogeneity and regions with low-risk features preceded those with high-risk features according to the inferred phylogeny. B- and T-lymphocytes spatial analysis identified 3 immune states, including an epithelial excluded state located preferentially at DCIS regions, and characterized by histological and molecular features of immune escape, independently from molecular subtypes. Such breast pre-cancer atlas with uniquely integrated observations will help scope future expansion studies and build finer models of outcomes and progression risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nachmanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Officer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steward, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Keefe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasteh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jepsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirst, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esserman, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.11.443641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The breast pre-cancer atlas illustrates the molecular and micro-environmental diversity of ductal carcinoma in situ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serine 182 on RORγt regulates T helper 17 and regulatory T cell functions to resolve inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intestine homeostasis is maintained by the delicate balance of Th17 effector cells and Treg cells. Dysregulation of these cell populations contributes to inflammation, tissue damage, and chronic conditions. ROR{gamma}t is essential for the differentiation of Th17 and a subset of Treg (ROR{gamma}t+ Treg) cells involved in intestinal inflammation. ROR{gamma}t belongs to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors with hinge regions that are highly flexible for co-activator/co-repressor interactions. Serine 182 at the hinge region of ROR{gamma}t is phosphorylated. This study aims to uncover how S182 on ROR{gamma}t contributes to mucosal homeostasis and diseases. We used CRISRP technology to generate a phosphor-null knock-in mutant mouse line (ROR{gamma}tS182A) to assess its role in intestine physiology. scRNA-seq was performed on WT and ROR{gamma}tS182A cohoused littermates to evaluate colonic T cell heterogeneity under steady state and colitis settings. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that ROR{gamma}tS182 maintains colonic T cell heterogeneity under steady state, without interfering T cell development and differentiation. In inflamed tissues, ROR{gamma}tS182 simultaneously restricts IL-1{beta}-mediated Th17 activities and promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production in LT-like Treg cells. Phospho-null ROR{gamma}tS182A knock-in mice challenged with DSS induced colitis and EAE experienced delayed recovery and exacerbated pathology. The double switch role of ROR{gamma}tS182 is critical in resolving T cell-mediated inflammation and provides a potential therapeutic target to combat autoimmune diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serine 182 on RORγt regulates T helper 17 and regulatory T cell functions to resolve inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct features of brain perivascular fibroblasts and mural cells revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perivascular fibroblasts (PVFs) are recognized for their pro-fibrotic role in many central nervous system disorders. Like mural cells, PVFs surround blood vessels and express Pdgfr{beta}. However, these shared attributes hinder the ability to distinguish PVFs from mural cells. We used in vivo two-photon imaging and transgenic mice with PVF-targeting promoters (Col1a1 or Col1a2) to compare the structure and distribution of PVFs and mural cells in cerebral cortex of healthy, adult mice. We show that PVFs localize to all cortical penetrating arterioles and their pre-capillary offshoots, as well as the main trunk of only larger ascending venules. However, the capillary zone is devoid of PVF coverage. PVFs display short-range mobility along the vessel wall and exhibit distinct structural features (flattened somata and thin ruffled processes) not seen with smooth muscle cells or pericytes. These findings clarify that PVFs and mural cells are distinct cell types coexisting in a similar perivascular niche.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonney, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherry, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct features of brain perivascular fibroblasts and mural cells revealed by in vivo two-photon imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.15.444128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-ErbB inhibition protects from SARS-CoV-2 replication, inflammation, and injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.15.444128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors of the ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication of SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and other emerging viruses with a high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed SARS-CoV-2 entry and later stages of the viral life cycle and showed synergistic effect with the direct-acting antiviral nirmatrelvir. We discovered that ErbB1, 2 and 4 bind SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein and regulate viral and ACE2 internalization, and they are required for VEEV infection. In human lung organoids, lapatinib protected from SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of ErbB-regulated pathways implicated in non-infectious lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and epithelial barrier injury. Lapatinib suppressed VEEV replication, cytokine production and disruption of the blood-brain barrier integrity in microfluidic-based human neurovascular units, and reduced mortality in a lethal infection murine model. We validated lapatinib-mediated inhibition of ErbB activity as an important mechanism of antiviral action. These findings reveal regulation of viral replication, inflammation, and tissue injury via ErbBs and establish a proof-of-principle for a repurposed, ErbB-targeted approach to combat emerging viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghita, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leyssen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huie, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinsky, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solow-Cordero, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jochmans, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neyts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jonghe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.15.444128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-ErbB inhibition protects from SARS-CoV-2 replication, inflammation, and injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.15.444304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The autophagy initiating kinase ULK1 is required for pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.15.444304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amongst cancer subtypes, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been demonstrated to be most sensitive to autophagy inhibition, which may be due to unique metabolic rewiring in these cells. The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 forms the catalytic center of a complex mediating the first biochemical step of autophagy. ULK1 directly recieves signals from mTORC1 and AMPK to trigger autophagy under stress and nutrient poor conditions. Studies in genetic engineered mouse models of cancer have revealed that deletion of core downstream autophagy genes (ATG5, ATG7) at the time of tumor iniation leads to a profound block in tumor progression leading to the development of autophagy inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. However, most preclinical studies and all clinical studies have relied on non-specific lysomotropic agents such as chloroquine and its derivatives, whose toxicity and off-target issues preclude further clinical development and which do not represent the impact of solely biochemically disrupting the autophagy pathway. Furthermore, druggable targets in the core autophagy pathway are quite limited, with ULK1 and ULK2 representing the only protein kinases in the pathway. Here we explore the genetic requirement for ULK1 and ULK2 in human PDA cancer cell lines and xenografts, and take advantage of new small molecule ULK1 inhibitors to demonstrate that ULK inhibition can overcome autophagy induction triggered by PDA therapeutics including chemotherapy and MEK inhibition. Finally we show that ULK inhibitors increase MHC Class I in PDA cells, suggestion a potential therapeutic avenue for such agents in combination with checkpoint immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lumibao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limpert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ianniciello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosford, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.15.444304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The autophagy initiating kinase ULK1 is required for pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feral and managed honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in southern California have similar levels of viral pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bees provide critical pollination services but are threatened by multiple stressors, including viral pathogens. Most studies of pollinator health focus on managed honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) (MHB) or native bee species, but a third player, the feral honey bee (FHB), requires further study. Spillover and spillback of viral pathogens between these managed, feral, and native bees is generating increasing interest. In this case study, we provide evidence suggesting that FHB colonies play an important role in viral pathogen dynamics of southern California pollinator communities because they act as reservoirs, of viral pathogens such as acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and deformed wing virus (DWV). Surprisingly, even though FHB are not treated for diseases or parasites, they harbor similar pathogen loads to MHB, which are usually highly treated, suggesting the need for future studies to determine if FHB resist or are more resilient to viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geffre, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feral and managed honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in southern California have similar levels of viral pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular localization of PKA catalytic subunits provides a basis for their distinct functions in the retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.17.444584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PKA signaling is essential for numerous processes but the subcellular localization of specific PKA isoforms has yet to be explored comprehensively in tissues. Expression of the C{beta} protein, in particular, has not been mapped previously at the tissue level. In this study we used retina as a window into PKA signaling in the brain and characterized localization of PKA C, C{beta}, RII, and RII{beta} subunits. Each subunit presented a distinct localization pattern. C and C{beta} were localized in all tissue layers, while RII and RII{beta} were enriched in the photoreceptor cells in contrast to the cell body and retinal portion of retinal ganglion cells. Only C was observed in photoreceptor outer segments and the cilia transition zone, while C{beta} was localized primarily to mitochondria and was especially prominent in the ellipsoid of the cone cells. In contrast to C, C{beta} also never colocalized with RII or RII{beta}. Using BaseScope technology to track expression of the C{beta} isoforms we find that C{beta}4 and C{beta}4ab are prominently expressed and, therefore, likely code for mitochondrial-C{beta} proteins. Our data indicates that PKA subunits are functionally nonredundant in the retina and suggesting that C{beta} might be important for mitochondrial-associated neurodegenerative diseases previously linked to PKA dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roa, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilouz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.444584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular localization of PKA catalytic subunits provides a basis for their distinct functions in the retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.18.444539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of Small Fiber Neuronal Activity with Optically Pumped Magnetometers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.18.444539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrodiagnosis is routinely integrated into clinical neurophysiology practice for peripheral nerve disease diagnoses such as neuropathy, demyelinating disorders, nerve entrapment/impingement, plexopathy or radiculopathy. Measured with conventional surface electrodes, the propagation of peripheral nerve action potentials along a nerve is the result of ionic current flow which, according to Amperes Law, generates a small magnetic field that is also detected as an "action current" by magnetometers such as superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are an emerging class of quantum magnetic sensors with a demonstrated sensitivity at the 1 fT/{surd}Hz level, capable of cortical action current detection. But OPMs were ostensibly constrained to low bandwidth therefore precluding their use in peripheral nerve electrodiagnosis. With careful OPM bandwidth characterization, we hypothesized OPMs may also detect compound action current signatures consistent with both Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP) and the Hoffmann Reflex (H-Reflex). In as much, our work confirms OPMs enabled with expanded bandwidth can detect the magnetic signature of both the SNAP and H-Reflex. Taken together, OPMs now show potential as an emerging electrodiagnostic tool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwindt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimball, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.18.444539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of Small Fiber Neuronal Activity with Optically Pumped Magnetometers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-phase and in-antiphase connectivity in EEG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zero-lag synchrony is generally discarded from functional connectivity studies to eliminate the confounding effect of volume conduction. Demonstrating genuine and significant unlagged synchronization between distant brain regions would indicate that most electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity studies neglect an important mechanism for neuronal communication. We previously demonstrated that local field potentials recorded intracranially tend to synchronize with no lag between homotopic brain regions. This synchrony occurs most frequently in antiphase, potentially supporting corpus callosal inhibition and interhemispheric rivalry. We are now extending our investigation to EEG. By comparing the coherency in a recorded and a surrogate dataset, we confirm the presence of a significant proportion of genuine zero-lag synchrony unlikely to be due to volume conduction or to recording reference artifacts. These results stress the necessity for integrating zero-lag synchrony in our understanding of neural communication and for disentangling volume conduction and zero-lag synchrony when estimating EEG sources and their functional connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Reilly, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theilmann, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsabbagh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.19.444800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-phase and in-antiphase connectivity in EEG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient nuclear deformation primes epigenetic state and promotes cell reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell reprogramming has wide applications in tissue regeneration, disease modeling and personalized medicine, but low reprogramming efficiency remains a challenge. In addition to biochemical cues, biophysical factors can modulate the epigenetic state and a variety of cell functions. However, how biophysical factors help overcome the epigenetic barrier for cell reprogramming are not well understood. Here we utilized microfluidic channels to induce a transient deformation of the cell nucleus, which caused the disassembly of the nuclear lamina and a downregulation of DNA methylation and histone (H3K9) for 12-24 hours. These global decreases of heterochromatin marks at the early stage of cell reprogramming strikingly enhanced the conversion of fibroblasts into neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells. Consistently, inhibition of DNA methylation and H3K9 methylation partially mimicked the effects of mechanical squeezing on iN reprogramming efficiency. Knocking down lamin A had similar effects to squeezing on enhancing the reprogramming efficiency. Based on these findings, we developed a scalable microfluidic system that enabled a continuous cell processing to effectively prime the epigenetic state for cell reprogramming, demonstrating the potential of mechano-biotechnology for cell engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowat, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurdistani, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.19.444886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient nuclear deformation primes epigenetic state and promotes cell reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A proteomics sample metadata representation for multiomics integration, and big data analysis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amount of public proteomics data is increasing at an extraordinary rate. Hundreds of datasets are submitted each month to ProteomeXchange repositories, representing many types of proteomics studies, focusing on different aspects such as quantitative experiments, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, or subcellular localization, among many others. For every proteomics dataset, two levels of data are captured: the dataset description, and the data files (encoded in different file formats). Whereas the dataset description and data file formats are supported by all ProteomeXchange partner repositories, there is no standardized format to properly describe the sample metadata and their relationship with the dataset files in a way that fully allows their understanding or re-analysis. It is left to the users choice whether to provide or not an ad hoc document containing this information. Therefore, in many cases, understanding the study design and data requires going back to the associated publication. This can be tedious and may be restricted in the case of non-open access publications. In many cases, this problem limits the generalization and reuse of public proteomics data.

Here we present a standard representation for sample metadata tailored to proteomics datasets produced by the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative and supported by ProteomeXchange resources. We repurposed the existing data format MAGE-TAB used routinely in the transcriptomics field to represent and annotate proteomics datasets. MAGETAB-Proteomics defines a set of annotation rules that the datasets submitted to ProteomeXchange should follow, ranging from sample properties to data analysis protocols. We also introduce a crowdsourcing project that enabled the manual curation of over 200 public datasets using MAGE-TAB-Proteomics. In addition, we describe an ecosystem of tools and libraries that were developed to validate and submit sample metadata-related information to ProteomeXchange. We expect that these tools will improve the reproducibility of published results and facilitate the reanalysis and integration of public proteomics datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullgrabe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeuffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solovyeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamatchinathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaiswal Kundu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fexova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruning, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foll, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaudel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audain, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locard-Paulet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenacher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uszkoreit, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Den Bossche, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwammle, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouyssie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar Duggineni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaras, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilhelm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohlbacher, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papatheodorou, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Deutsch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vizcaino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levitsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachsenberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Riverol, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.21.445143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A proteomics sample metadata representation for multiomics integration, and big data analysis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional and Functional Activity of Canine Hemangiosarcoma to Support Hematopoiesis Demonstrate Bone Marrow Nurse Cell Ontogeny 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.445198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemangiosarcoma and angiosarcoma are soft-tissue sarcomas of blood vessel-forming cells in dogs and humans, respectively. These vasoformative sarcomas are aggressive and highly metastatic, with disorganized, irregular blood-filled vascular spaces. Our objective was to define molecular programs which support the niche that enables progression of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma. Dog-in-mouse hemangiosarcoma xenografts recapitulated the vasoformative and highly angiogenic morphology and molecular characteristics of primary tumors. Blood vessels in the tumors were complex and disorganized, and they were lined by both donor and host cells, a trait that was not observed in xenografts from canine osteosarcoma and lymphoma. In some cases, the xenografted hemangiosarcoma cells created exuberant myeloid hyperplasia and gave rise to lymphoproliferative tumors of mouse origin. We did not uncover a definitive transmissible etiology, but our functional analyses indicate that hemangiosarcoma cells generate a microenvironment that supports expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor populations. We conclude that canine hemangiosarcomas, and possibly human angiosarcomas, originate from stromal cells that are part of the bone marrow niche and that these cells may also support the growth of hematopoietic tumors.

SignificanceWe demonstrate that molecular programs supporting expansion of immune and inflammatory cells in hemangiosarcoma resemble those of bone marrow niche cells, providing insights into the potential roles of these cells - whether physiological or pathological - in creating a permissive environment for the progression of hematopoietic malignancies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarver, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angelos, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frantz, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornax, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Sullivan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewellen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oseth, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bullman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedamallu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyerson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfoldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindblad-Toh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickerson, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modiano, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.21.445198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional and Functional Activity of Canine Hemangiosarcoma to Support Hematopoiesis Demonstrate Bone Marrow Nurse Cell Ontogeny]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles of gene regulation quantitatively connect DNA to RNA and proteins in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria allocate their proteome to cellular functions differently in different growth conditions. It is largely unknown how such allocation arises from known mechanisms of gene regulation while constrained by limited translation capacity and fixed protein density. Here, we performed absolute transcriptomic and proteomic analysis for E. coli across many conditions, obtaining a plethora of results on promoters and mRNAs characteristics that clash with conventional expectations: the majority of mRNAs exhibit similar translational efficiencies, while the promoter strengths are vastly different across genes. These characteristics prescribe two principles of gene regulation guiding bacteria to attain the desired protein allocation under global constraints: Total transcriptional output is tightly coordinated with ribosomal activity, and the concentrations of individual proteins are largely set by transcription. These two principles lead to a quantitative formulation of Central Dogma which unravels the complex relationship between gene regulatory activities and mRNA/protein concentrations across conditions. The knowledge obtained will be invaluable for accurately inferring gene regulatory interactions from  omics data, as well as for guiding the design of genetic circuits for synthetic biology applications in E. coli and other organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segota, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aebersold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.445329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles of gene regulation quantitatively connect DNA to RNA and proteins in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GraFT: Graph Filtered Temporal Dictionary Learning for Functional Neural Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical imaging of calcium signals in the brain has enabled researchers to observe the activity of hundreds-to-thousands of individual neurons simultaneously. Current methods predominantly focus on matrix factorization and aim at detecting neurons in the imaged field-of-view, and then inferring the corresponding time-traces. The explicit locality constraints on the cell shapes additionally limits the applicability to optical imaging at different scales (i.e., dendritic or widefield data). Here we present a new method that frames the problem of isolating independent fluorescing components as a dictionary learning problem. Specifically, we focus on the time-traces, which are the main quantity used in scientific discovery, and learn the dictionary of time traces with the spatial maps acting as the presence coefficients encoding which pixels the time traces are active in. Furthermore, we present a novel graph filtering model which redefines connectivity between pixels in terms of their shared temporal activity, rather than spatial proximity. This model greatly eases the ability of our method to handle data with complex non-local spatial structure, such as dendritic imaging. We demonstrate important properties of our method, such as robustness to initialization, implicitly inferring number of neurons and simultaneously detecting different neuronal types, on both synthetic data and real data examples. Specifically, we demonstrate applications of our method to calcium imaging both at the dendritic, somatic, and widefield scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Charles, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cermak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Affan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.445514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GraFT: Graph Filtered Temporal Dictionary Learning for Functional Neural Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo selection of nanobodies to target the tumor immune microenvironment for immunotherapy development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.26.445719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the rapidly advancing field of synthetic biology, there is a critical need for technology to discover targeting moieties for therapeutic biologics. We developed INSPIRE-seq, an approach that utilizes a nanobody library and next-generation sequencing to identify nanobodies selected for complex environments. INSPIRE-seq enables the parallel enrichment of immune cell-binding nanobodies that penetrate the tumor microenvironment. Clone enrichment and specificity varies across immune cell subtypes in the tumor, lymph node, and spleen. INSPIRE-seq identified a dendritic cell binding clone that binds PHB2. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a connection with cDC1s, and immunofluorescence confirmed nanobody-PHB2 colocalization along cell membranes. Structural modeling and docking studies assisted binding predictions and will guide nanobody selection. In this work, we demonstrate that INSPIRE-seq offers an unbiased approach to examine complex microenvironments and assist in the development of nanobodies, which could serve as active drugs, modified to become drugs, or used as targeting moieties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sekar, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elghonaimy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swancutt, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo selection of nanobodies to target the tumor immune microenvironment for immunotherapy development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional analysis of peripheral memory T cells reveals Parkinson's disease-specific gene signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a multi-stage neurodegenerative disorder with largely unknown etiology. Recent findings have identified PD-associated autoimmune features including roles for T cells. To further characterize the role of T cells in PD, we performed RNA sequencing on PBMC and peripheral CD4 and CD8 memory T cell subsets derived from PD patients and age-matched healthy controls. When the groups were stratified by their T cell responsiveness to alpha-synuclein (-syn) as a proxy for ongoing inflammatory autoimmune response, the study revealed a broad differential gene expression profile in memory T cell subsets and a specific PD associated gene signature. We identified a significant enrichment of transcriptomic signatures previously associated with PD, including for oxidative stress, phosphorylation, autophagy of mitochondria, cholesterol metabolism and inflammation, and the chemokine signaling proteins CX3CR1, CCR5 and CCR1. In addition, we identified genes in these peripheral cells that have previously been shown to be involved in PD pathogenesis and expressed in neurons, such as LRRK2, LAMP3, and aquaporin. Together, these findings suggest that features of circulating T cells with -syn-specific responses in PD patients provide insights into the interactive processes that occur during PD pathogenesis and suggest potential intervention targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhanwani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues Lima-Junior, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amara, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standaert, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcalay, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulzer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional analysis of peripheral memory T cells reveals Parkinson's disease-specific gene signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aldosterone, Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone Activate African Lungfish Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Increased Activation After Removal of the Amino-Terminal Domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aldosterone, the main physiological mineralocorticoid in humans and other terrestrial vertebrates, first appears in lungfish, which are lobe-finned fish that are forerunners of terrestrial vertebrates. Aldosterone activation of the MR regulates internal homeostasis of water, sodium and potassium, which was critical in the conquest of land by vertebrates. We studied transcriptional activation of the slender African lungfish MR by aldosterone, other corticosteroids and progesterone and find that aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and progesterone have half-maximal responses (EC50s) below 1 nM and are potential physiological mineralocorticoids. In contrast, EC50s for corticosterone and cortisol were 23 nM and 66 nM, respectively. Unexpectedly, truncated lungfish MR, consisting of the DNA-binding, hinge and steroid-binding domains, had a stronger response to corticosteroids and progesterone than full-length lungfish MR, indicating that the N-terminal domain represses steroid activation of lungfish MR, unlike human MR in which the N-terminal domain contains an activation function. BLAST searches of GenBank did not retrieve a GR ortholog, leading us to test dexamethasone and triamcinolone for activation of lungfish MR. At 10 nM, both synthetic glucocorticoids are about 4-fold stronger than 10 nM aldosterone in activating full-length lungfish MR, leading us to propose that lungfish MR also functions as a GR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aldosterone, Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone Activate African Lungfish Mineralocorticoid Receptor: Increased Activation After Removal of the Amino-Terminal Domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.29.446304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ppx: Programmatic access to proteomics data repositories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.29.446304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The volume of proteomics and mass spectrometry data available in public repositories continues to grow at a rapid pace as more researchers embrace open science practices. Open access to the data behind scientific discoveries has become critical to validate published findings and develop new computational tools. Here, we present ppx, a Python package that provides easy, programmatic access to the data stored in ProteomeXchange repositories, such as PRIDE and MassIVE. The ppx package can either be used as a command line tool or a Python package to retrieve the files and metadata associated with a project when provided its identifier. To demonstrate how ppx enhances reproducible research, we used ppx within a Snakemake workflow to reanalyze a published dataset with the open modification search tool ANN-SoLo and compared our reanalysis to the original results. We show that ppx readily integrates into workflows and our reanalysis produced results consistent with the original analysis. We envision that ppx will be a valuable tool for creating reproducible analyses, providing tool developers easy access to data for development, testing, and benchmarking, and enabling the use of mass spectrometry data in data-intensive analyses. The ppx package is freely available and open source under the MIT license at: https://github.com/wfondrie/ppx
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fondrie, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.29.446304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ppx: Programmatic access to proteomics data repositories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Obesity-instructed TREM2high macrophages identified by comparative analysis of diabetic mouse and human kidney at single cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse models are a tool for studying the mechanisms underlying complex diseases; however, differences between species pose a significant challenge for translating findings to patients. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics and orthogonal validation approaches to provide cross-species taxonomies, identifying shared broad cell classes and unique granular cellular states, between mouse and human kidney. We generated cell atlases of the diabetic and obese kidney using two different mouse models, a high-fat diet (HFD) model and a genetic model (BTBR ob/ob), at multiple time points along disease progression. Importantly, we identified a previously unrecognized, expanding Trem2high macrophage population in kidneys of HFD mice that matched human TREM2high macrophages in obese patients. Taken together, our cross-species comparison highlights shared immune and metabolic cell-state changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alimova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slyper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montesinos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dionne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuoco, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubinsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purnell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinkevich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villani, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenblatt-Rosen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Obesity-instructed TREM2high macrophages identified by comparative analysis of diabetic mouse and human kidney at single cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gonadal sex patterns p21-induced cellular senescence in mouse and human glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Males exhibit higher incidence and worse prognosis for the majority of cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Disparate survival may be related to sex-biased responses to treatment, including radiation. Using a mouse model of GBM, we show that female cells are more sensitive to radiation, and that senescence represents a major component of the radiation therapeutic response in both sexes. Correlation analyses revealed that the CDK inhibitor p21 and irradiation induced senescence were differentially regulated between male and female cells. Indeed, female cellular senescence was more sensitive to changes in p21 levels, a finding that was observed in both wildtype and transformed murine astrocytes and patient-derived GBM cell lines. Using a novel Four Core Genotypes model of GBM, we further show that sex differences in p21-induced senescence are patterned by gonadal sex. These data suggest that sex differences in p21 induced senescence contribute to the female survival advantage in GBM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broestl, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grandison, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tallman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponagel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kfoury-Beaumont, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venere, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gonadal sex patterns p21-induced cellular senescence in mouse and human glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing microtubule arrangements for rapid cargo capture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular functions such as autophagy, cell signaling and vesicular trafficking involve the retrograde transport of motor-driven cargo along microtubules. Typically, newly formed cargo engages in slow diffusive movement from its point of origin before attaching to a microtubule. In some cell types, cargo destined for delivery to the perinuclear region relies on capture at dynein-enriched loading zones located near microtubule plus-ends. Such systems include extended cell regions of neurites and fungal hyphae, where the efficiency of the initial diffusive loading process depends on the axial distribution of microtubule plus-ends relative to the initial cargo position. We use analytic mean first passage time calculations and numerical simulations to model diffusive capture processes in tubular cells, exploring how the spatial arrangement of microtubule plus-ends affects the efficiency of retrograde cargo transport. Our model delineates the key features of optimal microtubule ar-rangements that minimize mean cargo capture times. Namely, we show that configurations with a single long microtubule and broad distribution of additional microtubule plus-ends allow for efficient capture in a variety of different scenarios for retrograde transport. Live-cell imaging of microtubule plus-ends in Aspergillus nidulans hyphae indicates that their distributions exhibit these optimal qualitative features. Our results highlight important coupling effects between microtubule length distribution and retrograde cargo transport, providing guiding principles for the spatial arrangement of microtubules within tubular cell regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mogre, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing microtubule arrangements for rapid cargo capture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anal skin-like epithelium mediates colonic wound healing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intestinal epithelial wound healing, which is essential for health, is compromised and represents a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While studies have elucidated important subpopulations of intestinal epithelial cells in repair, these have yet to translate to therapies. Here, in mouse models of acute colitis, we demonstrate a distinct and essential source of wound-healing cells that re-epithelialize the distal colon. Using 3-d imaging, lineage tracing, and single-cell transcriptomics, we show that neighboring skin-like (squamous) cells of the anus rapidly migrate into the injured colon and establish a permanent epithelium of crypt-like morphology. These squamous cells derive from a small unique transition zone, at the boundary of colonic and anal epithelium, that resists colitis. The cells of this zone have a pre-loaded program of colonic differentiation and further upregulate key aspects of colonic epithelium during repair. Thus, heterologous cell-types at tissue junctions represent unique reserve cells capable of repair and plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dube, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anal skin-like epithelium mediates colonic wound healing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear depletion of RNA binding protein ELAVL3 (HuC) in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motor neurons and characterized neuropathologically in almost all cases by nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, a nuclear RNA binding protein (RBP). We identified ELAVL3 as one of the most downregulated genes in our transcriptome profiles of laser captured microdissection of motor neurons from sporadic ALS nervous systems and the top dysregulated RBPs. Neuropathological characterizations showed ELAVL3 nuclear depletion in a great percentage of remnant motor neurons, sometimes accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulations. These abnormalities were common in sporadic cases with and without intermediate expansions in ATXN2 and familial cases carrying mutations in C9orf72 and SOD1. Depletion of ELAVL3 occurred at both the RNA and protein levels and a short protein isoform was identified but it is not related to a TDP-43-dependent cryptic exon in intron 3. Strikingly, ELAVL3 abnormalities were more frequent than TDP-43 abnormalities and occurred in motor neurons still with normal nuclear TDP-43 present, but all neurons with abnormal TDP-43 also had abnormal ELAVL3. In a neuron-like cell culture model using SH-SY5Y cells, ELAVL3 mislocalization occurred weeks before TDP-43 abnormalities were seen. We interrogated genetic databases but did not identify association of ELAVL3 genetic structure associated with ALS. Taken together, these findings suggest that ELAVL3 is an important RBP in ALS pathogenesis acquired early and the neuropathological data suggest it is involved by loss of function rather than cytoplasmic toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, V. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arogundade, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traynor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.446017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear depletion of RNA binding protein ELAVL3 (HuC) in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.446988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics profiling of Earth's biomes reveals that microbial and metabolite composition are shaped by the environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.446988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As our understanding of the structure and diversity of the microbial world grows, interpreting its function is of critical interest for understanding and managing the many systems microbes influence. Despite advances in sequencing, lack of standardization challenges comparisons among studies that could provide insight into the structure and function of microbial communities across multiple habitats on a planetary scale. Technical variation among distinct studies without proper standardization of approaches prevents robust meta-analysis. Here, we present a multi-omics, meta-analysis of a novel, diverse set of microbial community samples collected for the Earth Microbiome Project. We include amplicon (16S, 18S, ITS) and shotgun metagenomic sequence data, and untargeted metabolomics data (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry), centering our description on relationships and co-occurrences of microbially-related metabolites and microbial taxa across environments. Standardized protocols and analytical methods for characterizing microbial communities, including assessment of molecular diversity using untargeted metabolomics, facilitate identification of shared microbial and metabolite features, permitting us to explore diversity at extraordinary scale. In addition to a reference database for metagenomic and metabolomic data, we provide a framework for incorporating additional studies, enabling the expansion of existing knowledge in the form of a community resource that will become more valuable with time. To provide examples of applying this database, we outline important ecological questions that can be addressed, and test the hypotheses that every microbe and metabolite is everywhere, but the environment selects. Our results show that metabolite diversity exhibits turnover and nestedness related to both microbial communities and the environment. The relative abundances of microbially-related metabolites vary and co-occur with specific microbial consortia in a habitat-specific manner, and highlight the power of certain chemistry - in particular terpenoids - in distinguishing Earths environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jon, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salido, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couvillion, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brejnrod, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lejzerowicz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karthikeyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias-Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dührkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böcker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parida, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrieri, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiminen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karst, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albertsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeReus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.446988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics profiling of Earth's biomes reveals that microbial and metabolite composition are shaped by the environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutualistic interactions between B. subtilis and seeds dictate plant development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A tightly coordinated developmental program controls precise genetic and metabolic reprogramming that dictates efficient transition of the seeds from dormancy to metabolically active seedlings. Beneficial microbes are known to stimulate the germination of the seeds or adaptation of the seedlings; however, investigations of exact mechanisms mediating these interactions and the resulting physiological responses of the plants are only beginning. Bacillus subtilis is commonly detected in the plant holobiont and belongs to the group of microbes that provide multifaceted contribution to the health of the plants. The present study demonstrated that B. subtilis triggered genetic and physiological responses in the seeds that determined subsequent metabolic and developmental status of adult plants. Chemically diverse extracellular matrix of Bacillus was demonstrated to structurally cooperate in bacterial colonization of the seed storage tissues. Additionally, an amyloid protein and fengycin, which are two components of the extracellular matrix, targeted the oil bodies of the seed endosperm, provoking changes in lipid metabolism or accumulation of glutathione-related molecules that stimulated two different plant growth programs: the development of seed radicles or overgrowth and immunization of adult plants. We propose this mutualistic interaction is conserved in Bacilli and plant seeds containing storage oil bodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berlanga-Clavero, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina-Santiago, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Martinez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vicente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.07.447311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutualistic interactions between B. subtilis and seeds dictate plant development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The interaction of enteric bacterial effectors with the host engulfment pathway control innate immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.07.447447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHost engulfment protein ELMO1 generates intestinal inflammation following internalization of enteric bacteria. In Shigella, bacterial effector IpgB1 interacts with ELMO1 and promotes bacterial invasion. IpgB1 belongs to the WxxxE effector family, a motif found in several effector of enteric pathogens. Here, we have studied the role of WxxxE effectors, with emphasis on Salmonella SifA and whether it interacts with ELMO1 to regulate inflammation.

MethodologyIn-silico-analysis of WxxxE effectors was performed using BLAST search and Clustal W program. The interaction of ELMO1 with SifA was assessed by GST pulldown assay and co-immunoprecipitation. ELMO1 knock-out mice, and ELMO1-depleted murine macrophage J774 cell lines were challenged with WT and SifA mutant Salmonella. Bacterial effectors containing the WxxxE motif were transfected in WT and ELMO1-depleted J774 cells to assess the inflammatory cytokines.

ResultsELMO1 generates differential pro-inflammatory cytokines between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. WxxxE motif is present in pathogens and in the TIR domain of host proteins. The C-terminal part of ELMO1 interacts with SifA where WxxxE motif is important for interaction. ELMO1-SifA interaction affects the bacterial colonization, dissemination, and inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Moreover, ELMO1-SifA interaction increases TNF- and IL-6 production from the macrophage cell line and is associated with enhanced Rac1 activity. ELMO1 also interacts with WxxxE effectors IpgB1, IpgB2, and Map, and induces inflammation after challenge with microbe or microbial ligand.

ConclusionELMO1 generates a differential response through interaction with the WxxxE motif which is absent in commensals. ELMO1-WxxxE interaction plays a role in bacterial pathogenesis and induction of inflammatory response.

HighlightsO_LIELMO1 generates a differential immune response between enteric pathogens and commensals.
C_LIO_LIEnteric bacterial effectors containing WxxxE signature motif interact with ELMO1.
C_LIO_LIThe WxxxE effector of Salmonella SifA interacts with the C-terminal part of ELMO1.
C_LIO_LIELMO1-SifA interaction increases the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pranadinata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.07.447447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The interaction of enteric bacterial effectors with the host engulfment pathway control innate immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.09.447318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Habitat Protection Indexes - new monitoring measures for the conservation of coastal and marine habitats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.09.447318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A worldwide call to implement habitat protection aims to halt biodiversity loss. To monitor the extent of coastal and marine habitats within protected areas (PAs) in a standardized, open source, and reproducible way, we constructed the Local and the Global Habitat Protection Indexes (LHPI and GHPI, respectively). The LHPI pinpoints the jurisdictions with the greatest opportunity to expand their own PAs, while the GHPI showcases which jurisdictions contribute the most in area to the protection of these habitats globally. Jurisdictions were evaluated to understand which have the highest opportunity to contribute globally to the protection of habitats by meeting a target of 30% coverage of PAs with Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) having the greatest opportunity to do so. While we focus on marine and coastal habitats, our workflow can be extended to terrestrial and freshwater habitats. These indexes are useful to monitor aspects of Sustainable Development Goal 14 and the emerging post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, to understand the current status of international cooperation on coastal and marine habitats conservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumagai, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favoretto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruckner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weatherdon, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aburto-Oropeza, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niamir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.09.447318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Habitat Protection Indexes - new monitoring measures for the conservation of coastal and marine habitats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional organization of chromatin associated RNAs and their role in chromatin architecture in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interphase genome is dynamically organized in the nucleus and decorated with chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA). It remains unclear whether the genome architecture modulates the spatial distribution of caRNA and vice versa. Here, we generate a resource of genome-wide RNA-DNA and DNA-DNA contact maps in human cells. These maps reveal the chromosomal domains demarcated by locally transcribed RNA, hereafter termed RNA-defined chromosomal domains. Further, the spreading of caRNA is constrained by the boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs), demonstrating the role of the 3D genome structure in modulating the spatial distribution of RNA. Conversely, stopping transcription or acute depletion of RNA induces thousands of chromatin loops genome-wide. Activation or suppression of the transcription of specific genes suppresses or creates chromatin loops straddling these genes. Deletion of a specific caRNA-producing genomic sequence promotes chromatin loops that straddle the interchromosomal target sequences of this caRNA. These data suggest a feedback loop where the 3D genome modulates the spatial distribution of RNA, which in turn affects the dynamic 3D genome organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaleta-Rivera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.10.447969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional organization of chromatin associated RNAs and their role in chromatin architecture in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-level language brain regions are sensitive to sub-lexical regularities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A network of left frontal and temporal brain regions supports  high-level language processing-- including the processing of word meanings, as well as word-combinatorial processing--across presentation modalities. This  core language network has been argued to store our knowledge of words and constructions as well as constraints on how those combine to form sentences. However, our linguistic knowledge additionally includes information about sounds (phonemes) and how they combine to form clusters, syllables, and words. Is this knowledge of phoneme combinatorics also represented in these language regions? Across five fMRI experiments, we investigated the sensitivity of high-level language processing brain regions to sub-lexical linguistic sound patterns by examining responses to diverse nonwords--sequences of sounds/letters that do not constitute real words (e.g., punes, silory, flope). We establish robust responses in the language network to visually (Experiment 1a, n=605) and auditorily (Experiments 1b, n=12, and 1c, n=13) presented nonwords relative to baseline. In Experiment 2 (n=16), we find stronger responses to nonwords that obey the phoneme-combinatorial constraints of English. Finally, in Experiment 3 (n=14) and a post-hoc analysis of Experiment 2, we provide suggestive evidence that the responses in Experiments 1 and 2 are not due to the activation of real words that share some phonology with the nonwords. The results suggest that knowledge of phoneme combinatorics and representations of sub-lexical linguistic sound patterns are stored within the same fronto-temporal network that stores higher-level linguistic knowledge and supports word and sentence comprehension.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Regev, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Affourtit, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schipper, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahowald, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.447786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-level language brain regions are sensitive to sub-lexical regularities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disentangling reward processes underlying payoff maximization from individual differences in gain frequency bias and reinforcement learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Choice selection strategies and decision making are typically investigated using multiple-choice gambling paradigms that require participants to maximize reward payoff. However, research shows that performance in such paradigms suffers from individual biases towards the frequency of gains to choose smaller local gains over larger longer term gain, also referred to as melioration. Here, we developed a simple two-choice reward task, implemented in 186 healthy human adult subjects across the adult lifespan to understand the behavioral, computational, and neural bases of payoff maximization versus melioration. The observed reward choice behavior on this task was best explained by a reinforcement learning model of differential future reward prediction. Simultaneously recorded and source-localized electroencephalography (EEG) showed that diminished theta-band activations in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) correspond to greater reward payoff maximization, specifically during the presentation of cumulative reward information at the end of each task trial. Notably, these activations (greater rACC theta) predicted depressed mood symptoms, thereby showcasing a reward processing marker of potential clinical utility.

Significance StatementThis study presents cognitive, computational and neural (EEG-based) analyses of a rapid reward-based decision-making task. The research has the following three highlights. 1) It teases apart two core aspects of reward processing, i.e. long term expected value maximization versus immediate gain frequency melioration based choice behavior. 2) It models reinforcement learning based behavioral differences between individuals showing that observed performance is best explained by differential extents of reward prediction. 3) It investigates neural correlates in 186 healthy human subjects across the adult lifespan, revealing specific theta band cortical source activations in right rostral anterior cingulate as correlates for maximization that further predict depressed mood across subjects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasubramani, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Delgado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grennan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zafar-Khan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.447974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disentangling reward processes underlying payoff maximization from individual differences in gain frequency bias and reinforcement learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrasound mediated cellular deflection results in cellular depolarization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.11.447976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultrasound has been used to manipulate cells in both humans and animal models. While intramembrane cavitation and lipid clustering have been suggested as likely mechanisms, they lack experimental evidence. Here we use high-speed digital holographic microscopy (to 100-kHz order) to visualize the cellular membrane dynamics. We show that neuronal and fibroblast membranes deflect about 150 nm upon ultrasound stimulation. Next, we develop a biomechanical model that predicts changes in membrane voltage after ultrasound exposure. Finally, we validate our model predictions using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology on primary neurons. Collectively, we show that ultrasound stimulation directly defects the neuronal membrane leading to a change in membrane voltage and subsequent depolarization. Our model is consistent with existing data and provides a mechanism for both ultrasound-evoked neurostimulation and sonogenetic control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orosco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magaram, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tufail, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.11.447976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrasound mediated cellular deflection results in cellular depolarization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature-Inducible Precision Guided Sterile Insect Technique 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Releases of sterile males are the gold standard for many insect population control programs, and precise sex sorting to remove females prior to male releases is essential to the success of these operations. To advance traditional methods for scaling the generation of sterile males, we previously described a CRISPR-mediated precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT), in which Cas9 and gRNA strains are genetically crossed to generate sterile males for release. While effective at generating F1 sterile males, pgSIT requires a genetic cross between the two parental strains which requires maintenance and sexing of two strains in a factory. Therefore, to further advance pgSIT by removing this crossing step, here we describe a next-generation Temperature-Inducible pgSIT (TI-pgSIT) technology and demonstrate its proof-of-concept in Drosophila melanogaster. Importantly, we were able to develop a true-breeding strain for TI-pgSIT that eliminates the requirement for sex sorting, a feature that may help further automate production at scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.14.448312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature-Inducible Precision Guided Sterile Insect Technique]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DOPAL initiates αSynuclein-mediated impaired proteostasis in neuronal projections leading to enhanced vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine dyshomeostasis has been acknowledged to be among the determinants of nigrostriatal neuron degeneration in Parkinsons disease (PD). Several studies in experimental models and postmortem PD patients underlined increasing levels of the aldehydic dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), which is highly reactive towards proteins. DOPAL has been shown to covalently modify the presynaptic protein Synuclein (Syn), whose misfolding and aggregation represent a major trait of PD pathology, triggering Syn oligomerization in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we demonstrated that DOPAL elicits Syn neuronal accumulation and hampers Syn clearance at synapses and the soma. By combining cellular and in vivo models, we provided evidence that DOPAL-induced Syn buildup lessens neuronal resilience, compromises synaptic integrity, and overwhelms protein quality control pathways, specifically at neuronal projections. The resulting progressive decline of neuronal homeostasis leads to dopaminergic neuron loss and motor impairment, corroborating the Syn-DOPAL interplay as an early event in PD neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plotegher, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cogo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lazzari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontana, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellucci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisaglia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greggio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalla Valle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bubacco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.15.448476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DOPAL initiates αSynuclein-mediated impaired proteostasis in neuronal projections leading to enhanced vulnerability in Parkinson's disease.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EPAC1 Inhibition Protects the Heart from Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (Dox), are widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, they frequently induce cardiotoxicity leading to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This study sought to investigate the role of the Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC) in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and the potential cardioprotective effects of EPAC inhibition. We show that Dox induces DNA damage and cardiomyocyte cell death with apoptotic features. Dox also led to an increase in both cAMP concentration and EPAC1 activity. The pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 (with CE3F4) but not EPAC2 alleviated the whole Dox-induced pattern of alterations. When administered in vivo, Dox-treated WT mice developed a dilated cardiomyopathy which was totally prevented in EPAC1 KO mice. Moreover, EPAC1 inhibition potentiated Dox-induced cell death in several human cancer cell lines. Thus, EPAC1 inhibition appears as a potential therapeutic strategy to limit Dox-induced cardiomyopathy without interfering with its antitumoral activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mazevet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belhadef, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayde, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laudette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belleville, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gressette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefebvre, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachelot-Loza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rucker-Martin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lezoualch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crozatier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitah, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vozenin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischmeister, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemaire, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.448655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EPAC1 Inhibition Protects the Heart from Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioluminescent Genetically Encoded Glutamate Indicator for Molecular Imaging of Neuronal Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically encoded optical sensors and advancements in microscopy instrumentation and techniques have revolutionized the scientific toolbox available for probing complex biological processes such as release of specific neurotransmitters. Most genetically encoded optical sensors currently used are based on fluorescence and have been highly successful tools for single-cell imaging in superficial brain regions. However, there remains a need to develop new tools for reporting neuronal activity in vivo within deeper structures without the need for hardware such as lenses or fibers to be implanted within the brain. Our approach to this problem is to replace the fluorescent elements of the existing biosensors with bioluminescent elements. This eliminates the need of external light sources to illuminate the sensor and overcomes several drawbacks of fluorescence imaging such as limited light penetration depth, excitation scattering, and tissue heating that are all associated with the external light needed for fluorescence imaging. Here we report the development of the first genetically encoded neurotransmitter indicators based on bioluminescent light emission. These probes exhibit robust changes in light output in response to extracellular presentation of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. We expect this new approach to neurotransmitter indicator design to enable the engineering of specific bioluminescent probes for multiple additional neurotransmitters in the future, ultimately allowing neuroscientists to monitor activity associated with a specific neurotransmitter as it relates to behavior in a variety of neuronal and psychiatric disorders, among many other applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petersen, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanca, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orcutt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.448690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioluminescent Genetically Encoded Glutamate Indicator for Molecular Imaging of Neuronal Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel shifts of visual sensitivity and body colouration in replicate populations of extremophile fish. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual sensitivity and body pigmentation are often shaped by both natural selection from the environment and sexual selection from mate choice. One way of quantifying the impact of the environment is by measuring how traits have changed after colonization of a novel habitat. To do this, we studied Poecilia mexicana populations that have repeatedly adapted to extreme sulphidic (H2S containing) environments. We measured visual sensitivity using opsin gene expression, as well as body pigmentation and water transmission for populations in four independent drainages. Both visual sensitivity and body pigmentation showed significant parallel shifts towards greater medium wavelength sensitivity and reflectance in sulphidic populations. The light spectrum was only subtly different between environments and overall, we found no significant correlations between the light environment and visual sensitivity or body pigmentation. Altogether we found that sulphidic habitats select for differences in visual sensitivity and pigmentation; our data suggest that this effect is unlikely to be driven purely by the waters spectral properties and may instead be from other correlated ecological changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Owens, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moxley, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias-Rodriguez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobler, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennison, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.448734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel shifts of visual sensitivity and body colouration in replicate populations of extremophile fish.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tau interactome mapping reveals dynamic processes in synapses and mitochondria associated with neurodegenerative disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.17.448349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tau (MAPT) drives neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimers disease (AD) and other tauopathies. To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we combined an engineered ascorbic acid peroxidase (APEX) approach with quantitative affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) followed by proximity ligation assay (PLA) to characterize Tau interactomes modified by neuronal activity and mutations that cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. We established activity-dependent interactions of Tau with presynaptic vesicle proteins during Tau secretion and mapped the exact APEX-tau-induced biotinylated tyrosines to the cytosolic domains of the interacting vesicular proteins. We showed that FTD mutations impair bioenergetics and markedly diminished Taus interaction with mitochondria proteins, which were downregulated in AD brains of multiple cohorts and correlated with disease severity. These multi-modal and dynamic Tau interactomes with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution shed novel insights into Taus role in neuronal function and disease-related processes with potential therapeutic targets to block Tau-mediated pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tracy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madero-Perez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swaney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moritz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konrad, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenhain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauwe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercedes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweetland-Martin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telpoukhovskaia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dongmin Sohn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manfredi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppola, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.17.448349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tau interactome mapping reveals dynamic processes in synapses and mitochondria associated with neurodegenerative disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.448901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamical differential covariance recovers directional network structure in multiscale neural systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.448901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigating neural interactions is essential to understanding the neural basis of behavior. Many statistical methods have been used for analyzing neural activity, but estimating the direction of network interactions correctly and efficiently remains a difficult problem (1). Here, we derive dynamical differential covariance (DDC), a new method based on dynamical network models that detects directional interactions with low bias and high noise tolerance under nonstationarity conditions. The method was first validated and compared with other methods on networks with false positive motifs and multiscale neural simulations where the ground truth connectivity was known. When applied to recordings of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) recordings, DDC consistently detected regional interactions with strong structural connectivity in over 1,000 individual subjects obtained by diffusion MRI (dMRI). DDC is a promising new family of methods for estimating functional connectivity that can be generalized to a wide range of dynamical models and recording techniques and to other applications where system identification from sparse data is needed.

Significance StatementThrough dynamical interactions with each other, neurons make it possible for us to sense, move and think. It is now possible to simultaneously record from many individual neurons and brain regions. Methods for analyzing these large-scale recordings are needed that can reveal how the patterns of activity give rise to behavior. We developed an efficient, intuitive and robust way to analyze these recordings and validated it on simulations of model neural networks where the ground truth was known. We called this method dynamical differential covariance (DDC) because it can estimate not only the presence of a connection but also which direction the information is flowing in a network between neurons or cortical areas. We also successfully applied DDC to brain imaging data from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, B. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.18.448901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamical differential covariance recovers directional network structure in multiscale neural systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.448920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscale surface topography reduces focal adhesions and cell stiffness by enhancing integrin endocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.18.448920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both substrate stiffness and surface topography regulate cell behavior through mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Such intertwined effects suggest that engineered surface topographies might substitute or cancel the effects of substrate stiffness in biomedical applications. However, the mechanisms by which cells recognize topographical features are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that the presence of nanotopography drastically alters cell behavior such that neurons and stem cells cultured on rigid glass substrates behave as if they were on soft hydrogels. We further show that rigid nanotopography resembles the effect of soft hydrogels in reducing cell stiffness and membrane tension as measured by atomic force microscopy. Finally, we demonstrate that nanotopography reduces focal adhesions and cell stiffness by enhancing the endocytosis and the subsequent removal of integrin receptors. This mechanistic understanding will support the rational design of nanotopography that directs cells on rigid materials to behave as if they were on soft ones.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klausen, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.18.448920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscale surface topography reduces focal adhesions and cell stiffness by enhancing integrin endocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed Screening of Population-level Synthetic Gene Oscillator Libraries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Directed evolution has become an invaluable tool in protein engineering and has also greatly influenced the construction of synthetic gene circuits. The ability to generate diversity at precise targets for directed evolution approaches has improved vastly, allowing researchers to create large, specific mutant libraries with relative ease. Screening approaches for large mutant libraries have similarly come a long way, especially when the desired behavior can easily be tested for with static, single time-point assays. For more complex gene circuits with dynamic phenotypes that change over time, directed evolution approaches to controlling and tuning circuit behavior have been hindered by the lack of sufficiently high-throughput screening methods to isolate variants with desired characteristics. Here we utilize directed mutagenesis and multiplexed microfluidics to develop a workflow for creating, screening and tuning dynamic gene circuits that operate at the population level. Specifically, we create a mutant library of an existing oscillator, the synchronized lysis circuit, and tune its dynamics while uncovering principles regarding its behavior. Lastly, we utilize this directed evolution workflow to construct a new synchronized genetic oscillator that exhibits robust dynamics over long time scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lezia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csicsery, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed Screening of Population-level Synthetic Gene Oscillator Libraries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Witnessing the Structural Evolution of an RNA Enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An RNA polymerase ribozyme that has been the subject of extensive directed evolution efforts has attained the ability to synthesize complex functional RNAs, including a full-length copy of its own evolutionary ancestor. During the course of evolution, the catalytic core of the ribozyme has undergone a major structural rearrangement, resulting in a novel tertiary structural element that lies in close proximity to the active site. Through a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, structural probing, and deep sequencing analysis, the trajectory of evolution was seen to involve the progressive stabilization of the new structure, which provides the basis for improved catalytic activity of the ribozyme. Multiple paths to the new structure were explored by the evolving population, converging upon a common solution. Tertiary structural remodeling of RNA is known to occur in nature, as evidenced by the phylogenetic analysis of extant organisms, but this type of structural innovation had not previously been observed in an experimental setting. Despite prior speculation that the catalytic core of the ribozyme had become trapped in a narrow local fitness optimum, the evolving population has broken through to a new fitness locale, suggesting that further improvement of polymerase activity may be achievable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Portillo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breaker, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horning, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Witnessing the Structural Evolution of an RNA Enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Features Underlying Shp1/Shp2 Discrimination by Immune Checkpoint Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous inhibitory immunoreceptors operate by recruiting phosphatase effectors Shp1 and Shp2 through conserved motifs ITIM and ITSM. Despite the similarity, these receptors exhibit distinct effector binding specificities, as exemplified by PD-1 and BTLA, which preferentially recruit Shp2 and Shp1 respectively. The molecular basis of Shp1/Shp2 discrimination is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that optimal PD-1 and BTLA binding to both Shp1 and Shp2 occurs via a bivalent, parallel mode that involves both SH2 domains of Shp1/Shp2. Moreover, PD-1 mainly uses its ITSM to discriminate Shp2 from Shp1 via their C-terminal SH2 domains. Supportive of this model, swapping the Shp1-cSH2 with Shp2-cSH2 enabled PD-1:Shp1 association in T cells. In contrast, BTLA primarily utilizes its ITIM to discriminate Shp1 from Shp2 via their N-terminal SH2 domains. Substitution of glycine at pY+1 position of the PD-1-ITIM with alanine, a residue conserved in several Shp1-recruiting receptors, was sufficient to induce PD-1:Shp1 interaction in T cells. Finally, mutagenesis screening shows that Shp1 recruitment exhibits a bell-shaped dependence on the side chain volume of the pY+1 residue of ITIM. Collectively, we provide a molecular interpretation of the Shp1/Shp2-binding specificities of PD-1 and BTLA, with general implications for the mechanism of effector discrimination by inhibitory receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masubuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.449580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Features Underlying Shp1/Shp2 Discrimination by Immune Checkpoint Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-Newtonian Patient-specific Simulations of Left Atrial Hemodynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lack of mechanically effective contraction of the left atrium (LA) during atrial fibrillation (AF) disturbs blood flow, increasing the risk of thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Thrombosis is most likely in the left atrial appendage (LAA), a small narrow sac where blood is prone to stagnate. Slow flow promotes the formation of erythrocyte aggregates in the LAA, also known as rouleaux, causing viscosity gradients that are usually disregarded in patient-specific simulations. To evaluate these non-Newtonian effects, we built atrial models derived from 4D computed tomography scans of patients and carried out computational fluid dynamics simulations using the Carreau-Yasuda constitutive relation. We examined six patients, three of whom had AF and LAA thrombosis or a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We modeled the effects of hematocrit and rouleaux formation kinetics by varying the parameterization of the Carreau-Yasuda relation and modulating non-Newtonian viscosity changes based on residence time. Comparing non-Newtonian and Newtonian simulations indicates that slow flow in the LAA increases blood viscosity, altering secondary swirling flows and intensifying blood stasis. While some of these effects can be subtle when examined using instantaneous metrics like shear rate or kinetic energy, they are manifested in the blood residence time, which accumulates over multiple heartbeats. Our data also reveal that LAA blood stasis worsens when hematocrit increases, offering a potential new mechanism for the clinically reported correlation between hematocrit and stroke incidence. In summary, we submit that hematocrit-dependent non-Newtonian blood rheology should be considered in calculating patient-specific blood stasis indices by computational fluid dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Villalba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigneault, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Legazpi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-Newtonian Patient-specific Simulations of Left Atrial Hemodynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stress-induced cross-feeding of internal metabolites provides a dynamic mechanism of microbial cooperation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic cross-feeding plays vital roles in promoting ecological diversity. While some microbes depend on exchanges of essential nutrients for growth, forces driving the extensive cross-feeding needed to support the coexistence of free-living microbes are poorly understood. Here we characterize bacterial physiology under self-acidification, and establish that extensive excretion of key metabolites following acidification provides a collaborative, inter-species mechanism of stress resistance. This collaboration occurs not only between species isolated from the same community, but also between unrelated species with complementary (glycolytic vs. gluconeogenic) modes of metabolism. Cultures of such communities cycle through different phases in growth-dilution experiments, comprising of exponential growth, growth arrest upon acidification, collaborative stress relief, and growth recovery, with each phase involving distinct physiological states of individual species. Our findings challenge the static view of ecosystems commonly portrayed in ecological models, and offer an alternative dynamical view based on growth advantages of different species in different phases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amarnath, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pontrelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caglar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero, O. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stress-induced cross-feeding of internal metabolites provides a dynamic mechanism of microbial cooperation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.449783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-parasite coevolution promotes innovation through deformations in fitness landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.449783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the struggle for survival, populations occasionally evolve new functions that give them access to untapped ecological opportunities. Theory suggests that coevolution between species can promote the evolution of such innovations by deforming fitness landscapes in ways that open new adaptive pathways. We directly tested this idea by using high throughput gene editing-phenotyping technology (MAGE-Seq) to measure the fitness landscape of a virus, bacteriophage {lambda}, as it coevolved with its host, the bacterium Escherichia coli. Through computer simulations of {lambda}s evolution on the empirical fitness landscape, we showed that {lambda} was more likely to evolve to use a new receptor if it experienced a shift in its fitness landscape caused by coevolution. This result was further validated by additional laboratory experiments. This study provides direct evidence for the role of coevolution in driving evolutionary novelty and provides a quantitative framework for predicting evolution in coevolving ecological communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strobel, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burmeister, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamar, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishony, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.25.449783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-parasite coevolution promotes innovation through deformations in fitness landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.26.449864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transfer learning improves outcome predictions for ASD from gene expression in blood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.26.449864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPredicting outcomes on human genetic studies is difficult because the number of variables (genes) is often much larger than the number of observations (human subject tissue samples). We investigated means for improving model performance on the types of under-constrained problems that are typical in human genetics, where the number of strongly correlated genes (features) may exceed 10,000, and the number of study participants (observations) may be limited to under 1,000.

MethodsWe created  train,  validate and  test datasets from 240 microarray observations from 127 subjects diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 113  typically developing (TD) subjects. We trained a neural network model (a.k.a., the  naive model) on 10,422 genes using the  train dataset, composed of 70 ASD and 65 TD subjects, and we restricted the model to one, fully-connected hidden layer to minimize the number of trainable parameters, including a dropout layer to help prevent overfitting. We experimented with alternative network architectures and tuned the hyperparameters using the  validate dataset, and performed a single, final evaluation using the holdout  test dataset. Next, we trained a neural network model using the identical architecture and identical genes to predict tissue type in GTEx data. We transferred that learning by replacing the top layer of the GTEx model with a layer to predict ASD outcome and we retrained the new layer on the ASD dataset, again using the identical 10,422 genes.

FindingsThe  naive neural network model had AUROC=0.58 for the task of predicting ASD outcomes, which saw a statistically significant 7.8% improvement from transfer learning.

InterpretationWe demonstrated that neural network learning could be transferred from models trained on large RNA-Seq gene expression to a model trained on a small, microarray gene expression dataset with clinical utility for mitigating over-training on small sample sizes. Incidentally, we built a highly accurate classifier of tissue type with which to perform the transfer learning.

FundingThis work was supported in part by NIMH R01-MH110558 (E.C., N.E.L.)

Author SummaryImage recognition and natural language processing have enjoyed great success in reusing the computational efforts and data sources to overcome the problem of over-training a neural network on a limited dataset. Other domains using deep learning, including genomics and clinical applications, have been slower to benefit from transfer learning. Here we demonstrate data preparation and modeling techniques that allow genomics researchers to take advantage of transfer learning in order to increase the utility of limited clinical datasets. We show that a non-pre-trained,  naive model performance can be improved by 7.8% by transferring learning from a highly performant model trained on GTEx data to solve a similar problem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robasky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.26.449864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transfer learning improves outcome predictions for ASD from gene expression in blood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.450128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust integration of single-cell cytometry datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.28.450128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combining single-cell cytometry datasets increases the analytical flexibility and the statistical power of data analyses. However, in many cases the full potential of co-analyses is not reached due to technical variance between data from different experimental batches. Here, we present cyCombine, a method to robustly integrate cytometry data from different batches, experiments, or even different experimental techniques, such as CITE-seq, flow cytometry, and mass cytometry. We demonstrate that cyCombine maintains the biological variance and the structure of the data, while minimizing the technical variance between datasets. cyCombine does not require technical replicates across datasets, and computation time scales linearly with the number of cells, allowing for integration of massive datasets. Robust, accurate, and scalable integration of cytometry data enables integration of multiple datasets for primary data analyses and the validation of results using public datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dam, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnkob, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leipold, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purroy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rassenti, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kipps, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lederer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohil, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.28.450128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust integration of single-cell cytometry datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mining all publicly available expression data to compute dynamic microbial transcriptional regulatory networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We are firmly in the era of biological big data. Millions of omics datasets are publicly accessible and can be employed to support scientific research or build a holistic view of an organism. Here, we introduce a workflow that converts all public gene expression data for a microbe into a dynamic representation of the organisms transcriptional regulatory network. This five-step process walks researchers through the mining, processing, curation, analysis, and characterization of all available expression data, using Bacillus subtilis as an example. The resulting reconstruction of the B. subtilis regulatory network can be leveraged to predict new regulons and analyze datasets in the context of all published data. The results are hosted at https://imodulondb.org/, and additional analyses can be performed using the PyModulon Python package. As the number of publicly available datasets increases, this pipeline will be applicable to a wide range of microbial pathogens and cell factories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamoureux, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Bulushi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.450581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mining all publicly available expression data to compute dynamic microbial transcriptional regulatory networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inducible Yeast Two-Hybrid with Quantitative Measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.01.450807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay has long been used to identify new protein-protein interaction pairs and to compare relative interaction strengths. Traditional Y2H formats may be limited, however, by use of constitutive strong promoters if expressed proteins have toxic effects or post-transcriptional expression differences in yeast among a comparison group. As a step toward more quantitative Y2H assays, we modified a common vector to use an inducible CUP1 promoter, which showed quantitative induction of several "bait" proteins with increasing copper concentration. Using mouse Nxf1 (homologous to yeast Mex67p) as a model bait, copper titration achieved levels that bracket levels obtained with the constitutive ADH1 promoter. Using a liquid growth assay for an auxotrophic reporter in multiwell plates allowed log-phase growth rate to be used as a measure of interaction strength. These data demonstrate the potential for quantitative comparisons of protein-protein interactions using the Y2H system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.01.450807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inducible Yeast Two-Hybrid with Quantitative Measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chasing perfection: validation and polishing strategies for telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in long-read sequencing technologies and genome assembly methods have enabled the recent completion of the first Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) human genome assembly, which resolves complex segmental duplications and large tandem repeats, including centromeric satellite arrays in a complete hydatidiform mole (CHM13). Though derived from highly accurate sequencing, evaluation revealed that the initial T2T draft assembly had evidence of small errors and structural misassemblies. To correct these errors, we designed a novel repeat-aware polishing strategy that made accurate assembly corrections in large repeats without overcorrection, ultimately fixing 51% of the existing errors and improving the assembly QV to 73.9. By comparing our results to standard automated polishing tools, we outline common polishing errors and offer practical suggestions for genome projects with limited resources. We also show how sequencing biases in both PacBio HiFi and Oxford Nanopore Technologies reads cause signature assembly errors that can be corrected with a diverse panel of sequencing technologies
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mc Cartney, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miga, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikheenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shumate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zook, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.02.450803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chasing perfection: validation and polishing strategies for telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Population-level Strain Genotyping Method to Study Pathogen Strain Dynamics in Human Infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of chronic bacterial infections is the long-term persistence of one or more pathogen species at the compromised site. Repeated detection of the same bacterial species can suggest that a single strain or lineage is continually present. However, infection with multiple strains of a given species, strain acquisition and loss, and changes in strain relative abundance can occur. Detecting strain-level changes and their effects on disease is challenging as most methods require labor intensive isolate-by-isolate analyses, thus, only a few cells from large infecting populations can be examined. Here we present a population-level method for enumerating and measuring the relative abundance of strains called "PopMLST". The method exploits PCR amplification of strain-identifying polymorphic loci, next-generation sequencing to measure allelic variants, and informatic methods to determine whether variants arise from sequencing errors or low abundance strains. These features enable PopMLST to simultaneously interrogate hundreds of bacterial cells that are either cultured en masse from patient samples, or are present in DNA directly extracted from clinical specimens without ex vivo culture. This method could be used to detect epidemic or super-infecting strains, facilitate understanding of strain dynamics during chronic infections, and enable studies that link strain changes to clinical outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morgan, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durfey, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravishankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorth, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skerrett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitken, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mckone, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salipante, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.02.450905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Population-level Strain Genotyping Method to Study Pathogen Strain Dynamics in Human Infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic Properties of Microbial Exoenzymes Vary with Soil Depth but Have Similar Temperature Sensitivities Through the Soil Profile 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current knowledge of the mechanisms and responses of soil organic matter (SOM) turnover to warming is mainly limited to surface soils, although over 50% of global soil carbon is contained in subsoils. Deep soils have different physicochemical properties, nutrient inputs and microbiomes, which may harbor distinct functional traits and lead to different SOM dynamics and temperature responses. We hypothesized that kinetic and thermal properties of microbial exoenzymes, which mediate SOM depolymerization, vary with soil depth, reflecting microbial adaptation to distinct substrate and temperature regimes. We determined the Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetics of three ubiquitous enzymes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition at six soil depths down to 90 cm at a temperate coniferous forest, and their temperature sensitivity based on Arrhenius and Macromolecular Rate Theory (MMRT) models over six temperatures between 4-50{degrees}C. Maximal enzyme velocity (Vmax) decreased strongly with depth for all enzymes, both on a dry soil mass and a microbial biomass C basis, whereas their affinities increased, indicating adaptation to lower substrate availability. Surprisingly, microbial biomass-specific catalytic efficiencies also decreased with depth, except for the P-acquiring enzyme, indicating distinct nutrient demands at depth relative to microbial abundance. These results indicated that deep soil microbiomes encode enzymes with intrinsically lower turnover and/or produce less enzymes per cell, likely reflecting distinct life strategies. The relative kinetics between different enzymes also varied with depth, suggesting an increase in relative P demand with depth, or that phosphatases may be involved in C acquisition. Warming consistently led to increased Vmax and catalytic efficiency of all enzymes, and thus to overall higher SOM-decomposition potential, but enzyme temperature sensitivity was similar through the soil profile based on both Arrhenius/Q10 and MMRT models. Nevertheless, temperature directly affected the kinetic properties of different enzyme types in a depth-dependent manner, and thus the relative depolymerization potential of different compounds. Our results indicate that kinetic and thermal properties of exoenzymes are intrinsic traits of soil microbiomes adapted to distinct physicochemical conditions associated with different soil depths, and improve our conceptual understanding of critical mechanisms underlying SOM dynamics and responses to warming through the soil profile.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alves, R. J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callejas, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marschmann, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooshammer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitney, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torn, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodie, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.02.450965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic Properties of Microbial Exoenzymes Vary with Soil Depth but Have Similar Temperature Sensitivities Through the Soil Profile]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.451031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Implicitly Learned Higher Order Associations Differentiates Recent and Remote Retrieval of Temporal Order Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.03.451031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory of an ordered sequence of distinct events requires encoding the temporal order as well as the intervals that separates these events. In this study, using order place association task where the animal learns to associate the location of the food pellet to the order of entry into the event arena, we probe the nature of temporal order memory in mice. In our task, individual trials, become distinct events, as the animal is trained to form unique association between entry order and a correct location. The inter-trial intervals (> 30 mins) are chosen deliberately to minimise the working memory contributions. We develop this paradigm initially using 4 order place associates and later extend it to 5 paired associates. Our results show that animals not only acquire these explicit (entry order to place) associations but also higher order associations that can only be inferred implicitly from the temporal order of these events. As an indicator of such higher order learning during the probe trail the mice exhibit predominantly prospective errors that declines proportionally with temporal distance. On the other hand, prior to acquiring the sequence the retrospective errors are dominant. Additionally, we also tested the nature of such acquisitions when temporal order CS is presented along with flavour as a compound stimulus comprising of order and flavour both simultaneously being paired with location. Results from these experiments indicate that the animal learns both order-place and flavour-place associations. Comparing with pure order place training, we find that the additional flavour in compound training did not interfere with the ability of the animals to acquire the order place associations. When tested remotely, pure order place associations could be retrieved only after a reminder training. Further higher order associations representing the temporal relationship between the events is markedly absent in the remote time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaprakash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.03.451031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Implicitly Learned Higher Order Associations Differentiates Recent and Remote Retrieval of Temporal Order Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.447605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transient beta modulates decision thresholds during human action-stopping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.447605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Action-stopping in humans involves bursts of beta oscillations in prefrontal-basal ganglia regions. To determine the functional role of these beta bursts we took advantage of the Race Model framework describing action-stopping. We incorporated beta bursts in three race model variants, each implementing a different functional contribution of beta to action-stopping. In these variants, we hypothesized that a transient increase in beta could 1) modulate decision thresholds, 2) change stop accumulation rates, or 3) promote the interaction between the Stop and the Go process. We then tested the model predictions using EEG recordings in humans performing a Stop-signal task. We found that the model variant in which beta increased decision thresholds for a brief period of time best explained the empirical data. The model parameters fitted to the empirical data indicated that beta bursts involve a stronger decision threshold modulation for the Go process than for the Stop process. This suggests that prefrontal beta influences stopping by temporarily holding the response from execution. Our study further suggests that human action-stopping could be multi-staged with the beta acting as a pause, increasing the response threshold for the Stop process to modulate behavior successfully. Our novel approach of introducing transient oscillations into the race model and testing against human neurophysiological data allowed us to discover potential mechanisms of prefrontal beta, possibly generalizing its role in situations requiring executive control over actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.447605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transient beta modulates decision thresholds during human action-stopping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed identification of RAS paralog imbalance as a driver of lung cancer growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenic KRAS mutations occur in approximately 30% of lung adenocarcinoma. Despite several decades of effort, oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer remains difficult to treat, and our understanding of the positive and negative regulators of RAS signaling is incomplete. To uncover the functional impact of diverse KRAS-interacting proteins on lung cancer growth in vivo, we used multiplexed somatic CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in genetically engineered mouse models with tumor barcoding and high-throughput barcode sequencing. Through a series of CRISPR/Cas9 screens in autochthonous lung tumors, we identified HRAS and NRAS as key suppressors of KRASG12D-driven tumor growth in vivo and confirmed these effects in oncogenic KRAS-driven human lung cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, RAS paralogs interact with oncogenic KRAS, suppress KRAS-KRAS interactions, and reduce downstream ERK signaling. HRAS mutations identified in KRAS-driven human tumors partially abolished this effect. Comparison of the tumor-suppressive effects of HRAS and NRAS in KRAS- and BRAF-driven lung cancer models confirmed that RAS paralogs are specific suppressors of oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer in vivo. Our study outlines a technological avenue to uncover positive and negative regulators of oncogenic KRAS-driven cancer in a multiplexed manner in vivo and highlights the role of RAS paralog imbalance in oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuldiner, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebert, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrejka, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winslow, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed identification of RAS paralog imbalance as a driver of lung cancer growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allele-specific expression links diverse cis-regulatory mutations to recurrent gene dysregulation in high-risk neuroblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy with a high frequency of metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Neuroblastoma tumors have few protein-coding mutations but contain extensive somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) suggesting that mutations that alter gene dosage are important drivers of tumorigenesis. Here we analyze allele-specific expression (ASE) in 96 high-risk neuroblastoma tumors to discover genes with cis-acting mutations that alter dosage. We identify 1,049 genes with recurrent, neuroblastoma-specific ASE, 68% of which lie within common SCNA regions. However, many genes exhibit ASE in copy neutral samples and are enriched for mutations that cause nonsense-mediated decay, indicating that neuroblastoma tumors select for multiple types of mutations that alter gene expression. We also find 24 genes with reduced expression in stage 4 disease that have neuroblastoma-specific ASE that is independent of SCNAs. At least two of these genes have evidence for tumor suppressor activity including the transcription factor TFAP2B and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRH. In summary, our ASE analysis discovers genes that are recurrently dysregulated by both large SCNAs and other cis-acting mutations in high-risk neuroblastoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zage, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allele-specific expression links diverse cis-regulatory mutations to recurrent gene dysregulation in high-risk neuroblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.10.451875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Splicing Factor SRSF1 Deficiency in the Liver Triggers NASH-like Pathology via R-Loop Induced DNA Damage and Cell Death 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.10.451875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of RNA processing contributes profoundly to tissue development and physiology. Here, we report that serine-arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) is essential for hepatocyte function and survival. Although SRSF1 is mainly known for its many roles in mRNA metabolism, it is also crucial for maintaining genome stability. We show that acute liver damage in the setting of targeted SRSF1 deletion in mice is primarily mediated by the excessive formation of deleterious RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops), which induce DNA damage. Combining hepatocyte-specific transcriptome, proteome, and RNA binding analyses, we demonstrate that widespread genotoxic stress following SRSF1 depletion results in global inhibition of mRNA transcription and protein synthesis, leading to impaired metabolism and trafficking of lipids. Lipid accumulation in SRSF1-deficient hepatocytes is followed by necroptotic cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis, resulting in NASH-like liver pathology. Importantly, SRSF1-depleted human liver cancer cells recapitulate this pathogenesis illustrating a conserved and fundamental role for SRSF1 in preserving genome integrity and tissue homeostasis. Thus, our study uncovers how accumulation of detrimental R-loops impedes hepatocellular gene expression, triggering metabolic derangements and liver failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arif, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saikali, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chembazhi, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bangru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasanth, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anakk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummins, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalsotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.10.451875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Splicing Factor SRSF1 Deficiency in the Liver Triggers NASH-like Pathology via R-Loop Induced DNA Damage and Cell Death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered costimulatory signals and hypoxia support chromatin landscapes limiting the functional potential of exhausted T cells in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy has changed cancer treatment with major clinical successes, but response rates remain low due in part to elevated prevalence of dysfunctional, terminally exhausted T cells. However, the mechanisms promoting progression to terminal exhaustion remain undefined. We profiled the histone modification landscape of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells throughout differentiation, finding terminally exhausted T cells possessed chromatin features limiting their transcriptional potential. Active enhancers enriched for bZIP/AP-1 transcription factor motifs lacked correlated gene expression, which were restored by immunotherapeutic costimulatory signaling. Epigenetic repression was also driven by an increase in histone bivalency, which we linked directly to hypoxia exposure. Our study is the first to profile the precise epigenetic changes during intratumoral differentiation to exhaustion, highlighting their altered function is driven by both improper costimulatory signals and environmental factors. These data suggest even terminally exhausted T cells remain poised for transcription in settings of increased costimulatory signaling and reduced hypoxia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ford, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rittenhouse, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharping, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignali, P. D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frisch, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peralta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgoffe, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poholek, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered costimulatory signals and hypoxia support chromatin landscapes limiting the functional potential of exhausted T cells in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.451567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation - the second round of challenges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.451567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evaluating metagenomic software is key for optimizing metagenome interpretation and focus of the community-driven initiative for the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI). In its second challenge, CAMI engaged the community to assess their methods on realistic and complex metagenomic datasets with long and short reads, created from [~]1,700 novel and known microbial genomes, as well as [~]600 novel plasmids and viruses. Altogether 5,002 results by 76 program versions were analyzed, representing a 22x increase in results.

Substantial improvements were seen in metagenome assembly, some due to using long-read data. The presence of related strains still was challenging for assembly and genome binning, as was assembly quality for the latter. Taxon profilers demonstrated a marked maturation, with taxon profilers and binners excelling at higher bacterial taxonomic ranks, but underperforming for viruses and archaea. Assessment of clinical pathogen detection techniques revealed a need to improve reproducibility. Analysis of program runtimes and memory usage identified highly efficient programs, including some top performers with other metrics. The CAMI II results identify current challenges, but also guide researchers in selecting methods for specific analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslicki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limasset, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolmogorov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cristian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nissen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruscheweyh, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milanese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunagawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malcher-Miranda, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piro, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chikhi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicedomini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabrowski, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willassen, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klemetsen, T</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.451567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation - the second round of challenges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.12.452052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Existing human genome assemblies have almost entirely excluded highly repetitive sequences within and near centromeres, limiting our understanding of their sequence, evolution, and essential role in chromosome segregation. Here, we present an extensive study of newly assembled peri/centromeric sequences representing 6.2% (189.9 Mb) of the first complete, telomere-to-telomere human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13). We discovered novel patterns of peri/centromeric repeat organization, variation, and evolution at both large and small length scales. We also found that inner kinetochore proteins tend to overlap the most recently duplicated subregions within centromeres. Finally, we compared chromosome X centromeres across a diverse panel of individuals and uncovered structural, epigenetic, and sequence variation at single-base resolution across these regions. In total, this work provides an unprecedented atlas of human centromeres to guide future studies of their complex and critical functions as well as their unique evolutionary dynamics.

One-sentence summaryDeep characterization of fully assembled human centromeres reveals their architecture and fine-scale organization, variation, and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhwani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldas, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uralsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryabov, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shew, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauria, M. E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikheenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepelev, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dvorkina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunyavskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCartney, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorig-Roach, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aganezov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes de Lima, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potapova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haukness, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerpedjiev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gusev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tigyi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogaev, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streets, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karpen, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dernburg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.452052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.451709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of sub-threshold transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.451709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promise as a non-invasive alternative to vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with implantable devices, which has been used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression. Prior work has used functional MRI to investigate the brain response to taVNS, and more recent work has also demonstrated potential therapeutic effects of high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS in rheumatoid arthritis. However, no studies to date have measured the effects of high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS on cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Objective/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to determine whether high-frequency (20 kHz) sub-threshold taVNS induces significant changes in CBF.

MethodsArterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI scans were performed on 20 healthy subjects in a single-blind placebo-controlled repeated measures experimental design. The ASL scans were performed before and after 15 minutes of either sub-threshold taVNS treatment or a sham control.

ResultstaVNS induced significant changes in CBF in the superior posterior cerebellum that were largely localized to bilateral Crus I and Crus II. Post hoc analyses showed that the changes were driven by a treatment-related decrease in CBF.

ConclusionsFifteen minutes of high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS can induce sustained CBF decreases in the bilateral posterior cerebellum in a cohort of healthy subjects. This study lays the foundation for future studies in clinical popluations to assess whether similar effects can be observed and are related to treatment outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falahpour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacNiven, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heit, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alataris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.451709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of sub-threshold transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.451852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal Analyses of Postnatal Liver Development and Maturation by Single Cell Transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.451852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liver is the major metabolic organ, although its postnatal development and maturation are inadequately understood. We analyzed 52,834 single cell transcriptomes and identified 31 cell types or states in mouse livers at postnatal day 1, 3, 7, 21 and 56. We observed unexpectedly high levels of hepatocyte heterogeneity in the developing liver and progressive construction of the zonated metabolic functions from pericentral to periportal hepatocytes, which was orchestrated with development of sinusoid endothelial, stellate and Kupffer cells. Trajectory and gene regulatory analyses captured 36 transcription factors, including a circadian regulator Bhlhe40, in programming liver development. Remarkably, we identified a special group of macrophages enriched at day 7 with a hybrid phenotype of macrophages and endothelial cells, which may regulate sinusoidal construction and Treg cell function. This study provides a comprehensive atlas that covers all hepatic cell types instrumental for further dissection of liver development, metabolic functions and diseases.

In BriefO_LISingle cell transcriptomics of all hepatic cell types in neonatal and adult livers
C_LIO_LIConcerted development of zonated metabolic functions in hepatocytes and NPCs
C_LIO_LITransient emergence of a distinct group of macrophages at postnatal day 7
C_LIO_LIHepatic cell-cell communications that program postnatal liver development
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaneko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.14.451852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal Analyses of Postnatal Liver Development and Maturation by Single Cell Transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.452377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Over-Representation of Potential SP4 Target Genes within Schizophrenia-Risk Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.14.452377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reduction of Sp4 expression causes age-dependent hippocampal vacuolization and many other intermediate phenotypes of schizophrenia in Sp4 hypomorphic mice. Recent human genetic studies from both the Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-Analysis (SCHEMA) and the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) validated SP4 as a schizophrenia-risk gene over the exome-wide or the genome-wide significance. Truncation of human SP4 gene has an odds ratio of 9.37 (3.38-29.7) for schizophrenia. Despite successful identification of many schizophrenia-risk genes, it is unknown whether and how these risk genes may interact with each other in the development of schizophrenia. By taking advantage of the specific localization of the GC-boxes bound by SP4 transcription factors, I analyzed the relative abundance of these GC-boxes in the proximal promoter regions of schizophrenia-risk genes. I found that the GC-box containing genes are significantly over-represented within schizophrenia-risk genes, suggesting that SP4 is not only a high-risk gene for schizophrenia, but may also act as a hub of network in regulation of many other schizophrenia-risk genes via these GC-boxes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.14.452377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Over-Representation of Potential SP4 Target Genes within Schizophrenia-Risk Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.452954v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-nucleus cross-tissue molecular reference maps to decipher disease gene function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.452954v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the function of genes and their regulation in tissue homeostasis and disease requires knowing the cellular context in which genes are expressed in tissues across the body. Single cell genomics allows the generation of detailed cellular atlases in human tissues, but most efforts are focused on single tissue types. Here, we establish a framework for profiling multiple tissues across the human body at single-cell resolution using single nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-seq), and apply it to 8 diverse, archived, frozen tissue types (three donors per tissue). We apply four snRNA-seq methods to each of 25 samples from 16 donors, generating a cross-tissue atlas of 209,126 nuclei profiles, and benchmark them vs. scRNA-seq of comparable fresh tissues. We use a conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE) to integrate an atlas across tissues, donors, and laboratory methods. We highlight shared and tissue-specific features of tissue-resident immune cells, identifying tissue-restricted and non-restricted resident myeloid populations. These include a cross-tissue conserved dichotomy between LYVE1- and HLA class II-expressing macrophages, and the broad presence of LAM-like macrophages across healthy tissues that is also observed in disease. For rare, monogenic muscle diseases, we identify cell types that likely underlie the neuromuscular, metabolic, and immune components of these diseases, and biological processes involved in their pathology. For common complex diseases and traits analyzed by GWAS, we identify the cell types and gene modules that potentially underlie disease mechanisms. The experimental and analytical frameworks we describe will enable the generation of large-scale studies of how cellular and molecular processes vary across individuals and populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eraslan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drokhlyansky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiskin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slyper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Wittenberghe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouhana, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashenberg, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dionne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Win, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuoco, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuksenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branton, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segre, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozenblatt-Rosen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardlie, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.19.452954</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-nucleus cross-tissue molecular reference maps to decipher disease gene function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.453013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.19.453013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Echinoids are key components of modern marine ecosystems. Despite a remarkable fossil record, the emergence of their crown group is documented by few specimens of unclear affinities, rendering much of their early history uncertain. The origin of sand dollars, one of its most distinctive clades, is also unclear due to an unstable phylogenetic context and discrepancies between molecular divergence times and fossil evidence. We employ seventeen novel genomes and transcriptomes to build a phylogenomic dataset with a near-complete sampling of major lineages. With it, we revise the phylogeny and divergence times of echinoids, and place their history within the broader context of echinoderm evolution. We also introduce the concept of a chronospace--a multidimensional representation of node ages--and use it to explore the effects of using alternative gene samples, models of molecular evolution, and clock priors. We find the choice of clock model to have the strongest impact on divergence times, while the use of site-heterogeneous models shows little effects. The choice of loci shows an intermediate impact, affecting mostly deep Paleozoic nodes, for which clock-like genes recover dates more congruent with fossil evidence. Our results reveal that crown group echinoids originated in the Permian and diversified rapidly in the Triassic, despite the relative lack of fossil evidence for this early diversification. We also clarify the relationships among sand dollars and their close relatives, showing that the genus Apatopygus represents a relict lineage with a deep Jurassic origin. Surprisingly, the origin of sand dollars is confidently dated to the Cretaceous, implying ghost ranges spanning approximately 50 million years, a remarkable discrepancy with their rich fossil record.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongiardino Koch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatch, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCowin, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppard, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bronstein, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.19.453013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomic analyses of echinoid diversification prompt a re-evaluation of their fossil record]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and Temporal Organization of Composite Receptive Fields in the Songbird Auditory Forebrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms underlying how single auditory neurons and neuron populations encode natural and acoustically complex vocal signals, such as human speech or bird songs, are not well understood. Classical models focus on individual neurons, whose spike rates vary systematically as a function of change in a small number of simple acoustic dimensions. However, neurons in the caudal medial nidopallium (NCM), an auditory forebrain region in songbirds that is analogous to the secondary auditory cortex in mammals, have composite receptive fields (CRFs) that comprise multiple acoustic features tied to both increases and decreases in firing rates. Here, we investigated the anatomical organization and temporal activation patterns of auditory CRFs in European starlings exposed to natural vocal communication signals (songs). We recorded extracellular electrophysiological responses to various bird songs at auditory NCM sites, including both single and multiple neurons, and we then applied a quadratic model to extract large sets of CRF features that were tied to excitatory and suppressive responses at each measurement site. We found that the superset of CRF features yielded spatially and temporally distributed, generalizable representations of a conspecific song. Individual sites responded to acoustically diverse features, as there was no discernable organization of features across anatomically ordered sites. The CRF features at each site yielded broad, temporally distributed responses that spanned the entire duration of many starling songs, which can last for 50 s or more. Based on these results, we estimated that a nearly complete representation of any conspecific song, regardless of length, can be obtained by evaluating populations as small as 100 neurons. We conclude that natural acoustic communication signals drive a distributed yet highly redundant representation across the songbird auditory forebrain, in which adjacent neurons contribute to the encoding of multiple diverse and time-varying spectro-temporal features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vahidi, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and Temporal Organization of Composite Receptive Fields in the Songbird Auditory Forebrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individual difference in addiction-like behaviors and choice between cocaine versus food in Heterogeneous Stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rationale and objectivesRecent studies reported that when given a mutually exclusive choice between cocaine and palatable food, most rats prefer the non-drug reward over cocaine. However, these studies used rat strains with limited genetic and behavioral diversity. Here, we used a unique outbred strain of rats (Heterogeneous Stock, HS) that mimic the genetic variability of humans.

MethodsWe first identified individual differences in addiction-like behaviors (low and high). Next, we tested choice between cocaine and palatable food using a discrete choice procedure. We characterized the individual differences using an Addiction score that incorporates key features of addiction: escalated intake, highly motivated responding (progressive ratio), and responding despite adverse consequences (footshock punishment). We assessed food vs. cocaine choice at different drug-free days (without pre-trial cocaine self administration) during acquisition of cocaine self-administration or after escalation of cocaine self-administration. We also assessed drug vs. food choice immediately after 1-, 2-, or 6-h cocaine self-administration.

ResultsIndependent of the addiction score, without pre-trial coccaine (1 or more abstinence days) HS rats strongly preferred the palatable food over cocaine, even if the food reward was delayed or its size was reduced. However, rats with high but not low addiction score modestly increased cocaine choice immediately after 1-, 2- or 6-h cocaine self-administration.

ConclusionsLike other strains, HS rats strongly prefer palatable food over cocaine. Individual differences in addiction score were associated with increased drug choice in the presence but not absence (abstinence) of cocaine. The HS strain may be useful in studies on mechanisms of addiction vulnerability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedighim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venniro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaham, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individual difference in addiction-like behaviors and choice between cocaine versus food in Heterogeneous Stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EXPRESSION OF A SECRETABLE, CELL-PENETRATING CDKL5 PROTEIN ENHANCES THE EFFICACY OF AAV VECTOR-MEDIATED GENE THERAPY FOR CDKL5 DEFICIENCY DISORDER. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.26.453746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
No therapy is currently available for CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) deficiency disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Although delivery of a wild-type copy of the mutated gene to cells represents the most curative approach for a monogenic disease, proof-of-concept studies highlight significant efficacy caveats for brain gene therapy. Herein, we used a secretable TATk-CDKL5 protein to enhance the efficiency of a gene therapy for CDD. We found that, although AAVPHP.B_Igk-TATk-CDKL5 and AAVPHP.B_CDKL5 vectors had similar brain infection efficiency, the AAVPHP.B_Igk-TATk-CDKL5 vector led to a higher CDKL5 protein replacement due to secretion and transduction of the TATk-CDKL5 protein into the neighboring cells. Importantly, Cdkl5 KO mice treated with the AAVPHP.B_Igk-TATk-CDKL5 vector showed a behavioral and neuroanatomical improvement in comparison with vehicle-treated Cdkl5 KO mice or Cdkl5 KO mice treated with the AAVPHP.B_CDKL5 vector, indicating that a gene therapy based on a secretable recombinant TATk-CDKL5 protein is more effective at compensating Cdkl5-null brain defects than gene therapy based on the expression of the native CDKL5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medici, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tassinari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galvani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastianini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gennaccaro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mottolese, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvente, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berteotti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagget, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoccoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giustetto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trazzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.26.453746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EXPRESSION OF A SECRETABLE, CELL-PENETRATING CDKL5 PROTEIN ENHANCES THE EFFICACY OF AAV VECTOR-MEDIATED GENE THERAPY FOR CDKL5 DEFICIENCY DISORDER.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondria dysfunction in Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.454213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent evidence has uncovered an important role of Rab7 in regulating mitochondrial morphology and function. Missense mutation(s) of Rab7 underlies the pathogenesis of Charcot Marie Tooth 2B (CMT2B) peripheral neuropathy. Herein, we investigated how mitochondrial morphology and function were impacted by the CMT2B associated Rab7V162M mutation in fibroblasts from human CMT2B patients as well as in a knockin mouse model. In contrast to recently published results from studies of using heterologous overexpression systems, our results have demonstrated significant mitochondrial fragmentation in fibroblasts of both human CMT2B patients and CMT2B mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, we have shown that mitochondria were fragmented and axonal mitochondrial movement was dysregulated in primary cultured E18 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, but not in E18 hippocampal and cortical primary neurons. We also show that inhibitors to either the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 or to the nucleotide binding to Rab7 normalized the mitochondrial deficits in both MEFs and E18 cultured DRG neurons. Our study has revealed, for the first time, that expression of CMT2B Rab7 mutation at physiological level enhances Drp1 activity to promote mitochondrial fission, that may potentially underlie selective vulnerability of peripheral sensory neurons in CMT2B pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerra, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jetha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoff, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunatilake, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahlkamp, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manganelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.28.454213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondria dysfunction in Charcot Marie Tooth 2B Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.454157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sensory code within sense of time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.454157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory experiences are accompanied by the perception of the passage of time; a cell phone vibration, for instance, is sensed as brief or long. The neuronal mechanisms underlying the perception of elapsed time remain unknown1. Recent work agrees on a role for cortical processing networks2,3, however the causal function of sensory cortex in time perception has not yet been specified. We hypothesize that the mechanisms for time perception are embedded within primary sensory cortex and are thus governed by the basic rules of sensory coding. By recording and optogenetically modulating neuronal activity in rat vibrissal somatosensory cortex, we find that the percept of stimulus duration is dilated and compressed by optogenetic excitation and inhibition, respectively, during stimulus delivery. A second set of rats judged the intensity of tactile stimuli; here, optogenetic excitation amplified the intensity percept, demonstrating sensory cortex to be the common gateway to both time and stimulus feature processing. The coding algorithms for sensory features are well established4-10. Guided by these algorithms, we formulated a 3-stage model beginning with the membrane currents evoked by vibrissal and optogenetic drive and culminating in the representation of perceived time; this model successfully replicated rats choices. Our finding that stimulus coding is intrinsic to sense of time disagrees with dedicated pacemaker-accumulator operation models11-13, where sensory input acts only to trigger the onset and offset of the timekeeping process. Time perception is thus as deeply intermeshed within the sensory processing pathway as is the sense of touch itself14,15 and can now be treated through the computational language of sensory coding. The model presented here readily generalizes to humans14,16 and opens up new approaches to understanding the time misperception at the core of numerous neurological conditions17,18.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reinartz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fassihi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulecchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gigante, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.29.454157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sensory code within sense of time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.01.454633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory perturbations of ribosome allocation results in a trade-off between fast growth and adaptation capacity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.01.454633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria regulate their cellular resource allocation to enable fast growth-adaptation to a variety of environmental niches. We studied the ribosomal allocation, growth and expression profiles of two sets of fast-growing mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 in glucose minimal medium. Mutants with only 3 of the seven copies of ribosomal RNA operons grew faster than the wild-type strain in minimal media and show similar phenotype to previously studied rpoB mutants. Higher growth rates due to increased ribosome content affected resource allocation. Expression profiles of fast-growing mutants shared downregulation of hedging functions and upregulated growth functions. Mutants showed longer diauxic shifts and reduced activity of gluconeogenic promoters during glucose-acetate shifts, suggesting reduced availability of the RNA Polymerase for expressing hedging proteome. These results show that the regulation of ribosomal allocation underlies the growth/hedging phenotypes obtained from laboratory evolution experiments. We show how two different regulatory perturbations (rRNA promoters or rpoB mutations) reshape the proteome for growth with a concomitant fitness cost

HighlightsMutants with only 3 ribosomal operons grow faster than wild-type in minimal medium

 {Delta}4 rrn and rpoB mutants share phenotypic traits

Faster growth of mutants is achieved by increased ribosome content

Fast-growing mutants display reduced hedging expression and adaptation trade-offs

Despite similar ribosomal content in rich medium the mutants present growth defects
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hidalgo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Ortiz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utrilla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.01.454633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory perturbations of ribosome allocation results in a trade-off between fast growth and adaptation capacity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted in silico characterization of fusion transcripts in tumor and normal tissues via FusionInspector 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationGene fusions play a key role as driver oncogenes in tumors, and their reliable discovery and detection are important for cancer research, diagnostics, prognostics and guiding personalized therapy. While discovering gene fusions from genome sequencing can be laborious and costly, the resulting "fusion transcripts" can be recovered from RNA-seq data of tumor and normal samples. However, alleged and putative fusion transcripts can also arise from multiple sources other than chromosomal rearrangements, including cis- or trans-splicing events, experimental artifacts during RNA-seq or computational errors of transcriptome reconstruction methods. Understanding how to discern, interpret, categorize, and verify predicted fusion transcripts is essential for consideration in clinical settings and prioritization for further research.

SummaryHere, we present FusionInspector for in silico characterization and interpretation of candidate fusion transcripts from RNA-seq and exploration of their sequence and expression characteristics. We applied FusionInspector to thousands of tumor and normal transcriptomes, and identified statistical and experimental features enriched among biologically impactful fusions. Through clustering and machine learning, we identified large collections of fusions potentially relevant to tumor and normal biological processes. We show that biologically relevant fusions are enriched for relatively high expression of the fusion transcript, imbalanced fusion allelic ratios, and canonical splicing patterns, and are deficient in sequence microhomologies detected between partner genes. We demonstrate that FusionInspector accurately validates fusion transcripts in silico, and helps identify and characterize numerous understudied fusions in tumor and normal tissues samples. FusionInspector is freely available as open source for screening, characterization, and visualization of candidate fusions via RNA-seq, and helps with transparent explanation and interpretation of machine learning predictions and their experimental sources.

HighlightsO_LIFusionInspector software for supervised analysis of candidate fusion transcripts
C_LIO_LIClustering of recurrent fusion transcripts resolves biologically relevant fusions
C_LIO_LIIdentification of distinguishing characteristics of known and novel fusion transcripts in tumor and normal tissues
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghandi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Arsdale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tickle, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted in silico characterization of fusion transcripts in tumor and normal tissues via FusionInspector]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Helical Ordering of Envelope Associated Proteins and Glycoproteins in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Filamentous Virions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.04.455049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory illness in children and the elderly. Treatments for RSV disease are however limited and efforts to produce an effective vaccine have so far been unsuccessful. Understanding RSV virion structure is an important prerequisite for developing interventions to treat or prevent infection but has been challenging because of the fragility of virions propagated in cell culture. Here we show, using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) and cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) of RSV particles cultivated directly on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids, that there is extensive helical symmetry in RSV filamentous virions. We have calculated a 16 [A] resolution three-dimensional reconstruction of the viral envelope, targeting the matrix protein (M) that forms an endoskeleton below the viral membrane. These data define a helical lattice of M proteins, showing how M is oriented relative to the viral envelope and that helical ordering of viral glycoproteins that stud the viral envelope is coordinated by the M layer. Moreover, the helically ordered viral glycoproteins in RSV filamentous virions cluster in pairs, which may have implications for the conformation of fusion (F) glycoprotein epitopes that are the principal target for vaccine and monoclonal antibody development. We also report the presence, in authentic virus infections, of N-RNA rings packaged within RSV filamentous virions. Overall, the structural data obtained provides molecular insight into the organization of the virion and the mechanism of its assembly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streetley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffery, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearns, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhella, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Helical Ordering of Envelope Associated Proteins and Glycoproteins in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Filamentous Virions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.454618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing how variations in antibody repertoires correlate with vaccine responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.454618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important challenge in vaccine development is to figure out why a vaccine succeeds in some individuals and fails in others. Although antibody repertoires hold a key to answering this question, there have been very few personalized immunogenomics studies so far aimed at revealing how variations in immunoglobulin genes affect a vaccine response. We conducted an immunosequencing study of 204 calves vaccinated against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) with the goal to reveal variations in immunoglobulin genes and somatic hypermutations that impact the efficacy of vaccine response. Our study represents the largest longitudinal personalized immunogenomics study reported to date across all species, including humans. To analyze the generated dataset, we developed an algorithm for identifying variations of the immunoglobulin genes (as well as frequent somatic hypermutations) that affect various features of the antibody repertoire and titers of neutralizing antibodies. In contrast to relatively short human antibodies, cattle have a large fraction of ultralong antibodies that have opened new therapeutic opportunities. Our study revealed that ultralong antibodies are a key component of the immune response against the costliest disease of beef cattle in North America. The detected variants of the cattle immunoglobulin genes, which are implicated in the success/failure of the BRD vaccine, have the potential to direct the selection of individual cattle for ongoing breeding programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reecy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.454618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing how variations in antibody repertoires correlate with vaccine responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NFIC regulates ribosomal biology and ER stress in pancreatic acinar cells and suppresses PDAC initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue-specific differentiation is driven by specialized transcriptional networks. Pancreatic acinar cells crucially rely on the PTF1 complex, and on additional transcription factors, to deploy their transcriptional program. Here, we identify NFIC as a novel regulator of acinar differentiation using a variety of methodological strategies. NFIC binding sites are found at very short distances from NR5A2-bound genomic regions and both proteins co-occur in the same complex. Nfic knockout mice show reduced expression of acinar genes and, in ChIP-seq experiments, NFIC binds the promoters of acinar genes. In addition, NFIC binds to the promoter of, and regulates, genes involved in RNA and protein metabolism; in Nfic knockout mice, p-RS6K1 and p-IEF4E are down-regulated indicating reduced activity of the mTOR pathway. In 266-6 acinar cells, NFIC dampens the ER stress program through its binding to ER stress gene promoters and is required for complete resolution of Tunicamycin-mediated ER stress. Normal human pancreata from subjects with low NFIC mRNA levels display reduced epxression of genes down-regulated in Nfic knockout mice. Consistently, NFIC displays reduced expression upon induced acute pancreatitis and is required for proper recovery after damage. Finally, expression of NFIC is lower in samples of mouse and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and Nfic knockout mice develop an increased number of mutant Kras-driven pre-neoplastic lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobo, i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paliwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melia-Aloma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Villarreal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Pozo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Real, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NFIC regulates ribosomal biology and ER stress in pancreatic acinar cells and suppresses PDAC initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Mismatch Between Neuroscience Graduate Training and Professional Skill Sets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the skill sets required for career paths is a prerequisite for preparing students for those careers. Neuroscience career paths are rapidly changing as the field expands and increasingly overlaps with computational and data-heavy job sectors. With the steady growth in neuroscience trainees and the diversification of jobs for those trainees, it is important to assess whether or not our training is matching the skill sets required in the workforce. Here, we surveyed hundreds of neuroscience professionals and graduate students to assess their use and valuation of a range of skills, from bench skills to communication and management. We find that professionals with neuroscience degrees can be clustered into three main groups based on their skill sets: academic research, industry research and technical work, and non-research. Further, we find that while graduate students do not use or highly value management and communication skills, almost all neuroscience professionals report strongly needing those skills. Finally, coding and data analysis skills are widely used in academic and industry research and predict higher salaries. Our findings can help trainees assess their own skill sets as well as encourage educational leaders to offer training in management and communication-skills which may help catapult trainees into the next stages of their careers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juavinett, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Mismatch Between Neuroscience Graduate Training and Professional Skill Sets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.456014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell lineage trajectories and chromatin regulators that initialize antiviral CD8 T cell ontogeny 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.11.456014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individual naive CD8 T cells activated in lymphoid organs differentiate into functionally diverse and anatomically distributed T cell phylogenies in response to intracellular microbes. During infections that resolve rapidly, including live viral vaccines1, distinct effector (TEFF) and memory (TMEM) cell populations develop that ensure long term immunity2. During chronic infections, responding cells progressively become dysfunctional and "exhaust"3. A diverse taxonomy of TEFF, TMEM and exhausted (TEX) CD8 T cell populations is known, but the initial developmental basis of this phenotypic variation remains unclear4-10. Here, we defined single-cell trajectories and identified chromatin regulators that establish antiviral CD8 T cell heterogeneity using unsupervised analyses of single-cell RNA dynamics11-13 and an in vivo RNAi screen14. Activated naive cells differentiate linearly into uncommitted effector-memory progenitor (EMP) cells, which initially branch into an analogous manifold during either acute or chronic infection. Disparate RNA velocities in single EMP cells initiate divergence into stem, circulating, and tissue-resident memory lineages that generate diverse TMEM and TEX precursor states in specific developmental orders. Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) signals are essential for formation and transcriptional heterogeneity of EMP cells, and promote trajectories toward TEFF rather than TEX states. Nucleosome remodelers Smarca4 and Chd7 differentially promote transcription that delineates divergent TMEM lineages before cooperatively driving terminal TEFF cell differentiation. Thus, the lineage architecture is established by specific chromatin regulators that stabilize diverging transcription in uncommitted progenitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederick, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunadharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getzler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venables, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pipkin, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.11.456014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell lineage trajectories and chromatin regulators that initialize antiviral CD8 T cell ontogeny]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic analysis reveals different sets of proteins expressed during high temperature stress in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several species of the soil borne fungus of the genus Trichoderma are known to be versatile, opportunistic plant symbionts, and are the most successful biocontrol agents used in todays agriculture. To be successful in the field conditions, the fungus must endure varying climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that high atmospheric temperature coupled with low humidity is a major limitation for the inconsistent performance of Trichoderma under field conditions. Understanding the molecular modulation associated with such Trichoderma that persist and deliver under abiotic stress condition will aid in exploiting the worth of these organisms for such use. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins associated with thermotolerance in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma--T. longibrachiatum 673, TaDOR673 and T. asperellum 7316, TaDOR7316--and 32 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Sequence homology and conserved domains were used to identify these proteins and to assign probable function to them. Thermotolerant isolate, TaDOR673, seemed to employ the stress signaling MAPK pathways and heat shock response pathways to combat the stress condition whereas the moderately tolerant isolate, TaDOR7316, seemed to adapt to high temperature conditions by reducing the accumulation of mis-folded proteins through unfolded protein response pathway and autophagy. Also, there were unique as well as common proteins that were differentially expressed in the two isolates studied.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poosapati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanathaswamy, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravulapalli, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kannan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic analysis reveals different sets of proteins expressed during high temperature stress in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autoimmune Alleles at the Major Histocompatibility Locus Modify Melanoma Susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autoimmunity and cancer represent two different aspects of immune dysfunction. Autoimmunity is characterized by breakdowns in immune self-tolerance, while impaired immune surveillance can allow for tumorigenesis. The class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), which displays derivatives of the cellular peptidome for immune surveillance by CD8+ T cells, serves as a common genetic link between these conditions. As melanoma-specific CD8+ T-cells have been shown to target melanocyte-specific peptide antigens more often than melanoma-specific antigens, we investigated whether vitiligo and psoriasis predisposing MHC-I alleles conferred a melanoma protective effect. In individuals with cutaneous melanoma from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (N = 451) and an independent validation cohort (N = 586), MHC-I autoimmune allele carrier status was significantly associated with a later age of melanoma diagnosis. Furthermore, MHC-I autoimmune allele carriers were significantly associated with decreased risk of developing melanoma in the Million Veterans Program cohort (OR = 0.962, p = 0.024). Existing melanoma polygenic risk scores (PRS) did not predict autoimmune allele carrier status, suggesting these alleles provide new risk-relevant information. Mechanisms of autoimmune protection were neither associated with improved melanoma-driver mutation association nor improved gene-level conserved antigen presentation relative to common alleles (population frequency > 1%). However, autoimmune alleles showed higher affinity relative to common alleles for particular windows of melanocyte conserved antigens suggesting a potential relationship between antigen processing, binding, and cell-surface presentation. Overall, this study presents evidence that MHC-I autoimmune risk alleles modulate melanoma risk unaccounted for by current PRS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Talwar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laub, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagadala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtius, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autoimmune Alleles at the Major Histocompatibility Locus Modify Melanoma Susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.15.456357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quaternary structure independent folding of voltage-gated ion channel pore domain subunits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.15.456357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Every voltage-gated ion channel (VGIC) superfamily member has an ion conducting pore consisting of four pore domain (PD) subunits that are each built from a common plan comprising an antiparallel transmembrane helix pair, a short, obliquely positioned helix (the pore helix), and selectivity filter. The extent to which this structure, the VGIC-PD fold, relies on the extensive quaternary interactions observed in PD assemblies is unclear. Here, we present crystal structures of three bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel (BacNaO_SCPLOWVC_SCPLOW) pores that adopt a surprising set of non-canonical quaternary structures and yet maintain the native tertiary structure of the PD monomer. This context-independent structural robustness demonstrates that the VGIC-PD fold, the fundamental VGIC structural building block, can adopt its native-like tertiary fold independent of native quaternary interactions. In line with this observation, we find that the VGIC-PD fold is not only present throughout the VGIC superfamily and other channel classes but has homologs in diverse transmembrane and soluble proteins. Characterization of the structures of two synthetic Fabs (sFabs) that recognize the VGIC-PD fold shows that such sFabs can bind purified full-length channels and indicates that non-canonical quaternary PD assemblies can occur in the context of complete VGICs. Together, our data demonstrate that the VGIC-PD structure can fold independently of higher-order assembly interactions and suggest that full-length VGIC PDs can access previously unknown non-canonical quaternary states. These PD properties have deep implications for understanding how the complex quaternary architectures of VGIC superfamily members are achieved and point to possible evolutionary origins of this fundamental VGIC structural element.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arrigoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lolicato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohaim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Findeisen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colleran, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuermann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossiakoff, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minor, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.15.456357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quaternary structure independent folding of voltage-gated ion channel pore domain subunits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.15.456390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid fluctuations in functional connectivity of cortical networks encode spontaneous behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.15.456390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experimental work across a variety of species has demonstrated that spontaneously generated behaviors are robustly coupled to variation in neural activity within the cerebral cortex. Indeed, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data suggest that functional connectivity in cortical networks varies across distinct behavioral states, providing for the dynamic reorganization of patterned activity. However, these studies generally lack the temporal resolution to establish links between cortical signals and the continuously varying fluctuations in spontaneous behavior typically observed in awake animals. Here, we took advantage of recent developments in wide-field, mesoscopic calcium imaging to monitor neural activity across the neocortex of awake mice. We develop a novel "graph of graphs" approach to quantify rapidly time-varying functional connectivity and show that spontaneous behaviors are represented by fast changes in both the activity and correlational structure of cortical network activity. Combining mesoscopic imaging with simultaneous cellular resolution 2-photon microscopy also demonstrated that the correlations among neighboring neurons and between local and large-scale networks also encodes behavior. Finally, the dynamic functional connectivity of mesoscale signals revealed subnetworks that are not predicted by traditional anatomical atlas-based parcellation of the cortex. These results provide new insight into how behavioral information is represented across the mammalian neocortex and demonstrate an analytical framework for investigating time-varying functional connectivity in neural networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benisty, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moberly, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coifman, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.15.456390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid fluctuations in functional connectivity of cortical networks encode spontaneous behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.455786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing secretory pathway differences between HEK293 and CHO to rescue production of difficult to express proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.16.455786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biologics represent the fastest growing group of therapeutics, but many advanced recombinant protein moieties remain difficult to produce. Here, we identify bottlenecks limiting expression of recombinant human proteins through a systems biology analysis of the transcriptomes of CHO and HEK293 during recombinant overexpression. Surprisingly, one third of the challenging human proteins displayed improved secretion upon host cell swapping from CHO to HEK293. While most components of the secretory machinery showed comparable expression levels in both expression hosts, genes with significant expression variation were identified. Among these, ATF4, SRP9, JUN, PDIA3 and HSPA8 were validated as productivity boosters in CHO. Further, more heavily glycosylated products benefitted more from the elevated activities of the N- and O-glycosyltransferases found in HEK293. Collectively, our results demonstrate the utilization of HEK293 for expression rescue of human proteins and suggest a methodology for identification of secretory pathway components improving recombinant protein yield in HEK293 and CHO.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malm, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi Barzadd, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mebrahtu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wistabacka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razavi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volk, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunqvist, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edfors, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graslund, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chotteau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varley, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.16.455786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing secretory pathway differences between HEK293 and CHO to rescue production of difficult to express proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties Determining Drug Detection in Skin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.17.456720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemicals, including some systemically administered xenobiotics and their biotransformations, can be detected noninvasively using skin swabs and untargeted metabolomics analysis. We sought to understand the principal drivers that determine whether a drug taken orally or systemically is likely to be observed on the epidermis by using a random forest classifier to predict which drugs would be detected on the skin. A variety of molecular descriptors describing calculated properties of drugs, such as measures of volume, electronegativity, bond energy, and electrotopology, were used to train the classifier. The mean area under the ROC curve was 0.71 for predicting drug detection on the epidermis, and the SHapley Additive exPlanations model interpretation technique was used to determine the most relevant molecular descriptors. Based on the analysis of 2,561 FDA approved drugs, we predict that therapeutic drug classes such as nervous system drugs are more likely to be detected on the skin. Detecting drugs and other chemicals noninvasively on the skin using untargeted metabolomics could be a useful clinical advancement in therapeutic drug monitoring, adherence, and health status.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Advani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.17.456720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties Determining Drug Detection in Skin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.19.456942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel pathways for rapid odor processing in lateral entorhinal cortex: Rate and temporal coding by layer 2 subcircuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.19.456942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Olfactory information is encoded in lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) by two classes of layer 2 (L2) principal neurons: fan and pyramidal cells. However, the functional properties of L2 neurons are unclear. Here, we show in awake mice that L2 cells respond rapidly to odors during single sniffs and that LEC is essential for discrimination of odor identity and intensity. Population analyses of L2 ensembles reveals that while rate coding distinguishes odor identity, firing rates are weakly concentration-dependent and changes in spike timing represent odor intensity. L2 principal cells differ in afferent olfactory input and connectivity with local inhibitory circuits and the relative timing of pyramidal and fan cell spikes underlies odor intensity coding. Downstream, intensity is encoded purely by spike timing in hippocampal CA1. Together, these results reveal the unique processing of odor information by parallel LEC subcircuits and highlight the importance of temporal coding in higher olfactory areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bitzenhofer, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westeinde, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.-X. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.19.456942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel pathways for rapid odor processing in lateral entorhinal cortex: Rate and temporal coding by layer 2 subcircuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.21.457135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microscale concert hall acoustics to produce uniform ultrasound stimulation for targeted sonogenetics in hsTRPA1-transfected cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.21.457135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of ultrasound neuromodulation has rapidly developed over the past decade, a consequence of the discovery of strain-sensitive structures in the membrane and organelles of cells extending into the brain, heart, and other organs. Notably, clinical trials are underway for treating epilepsy using focused ultrasound to elicit an organized local electrical response. A key limitation to this approach is the formation of standing waves within the skull. In standing acoustic waves, the maximum ultrasound intensity spatially varies from near zero to double the mean in one half a wavelength, and can lead to localized tissue damage and disruption of normal brain function while attempting to evoke a broader response. This phenomenon also produces a large spatial variation in the actual ultrasound exposure in tissue, leading to heterogeneous results and challenges with interpreting these effects. One approach to overcome this limitation is presented herein: transducer-mounted diffusers that result in spatiotemporally incoherent ultrasound. The signal is numerically and experimentally quantified in an enclosed domain with and without the diffuser. Specifically, we show that adding the diffuser leads to a two-fold increase in ultrasound responsiveness of hsTRPA1 transfected HEK cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the diffuser allow us to produce an uniform spatial distribution of pressure in the rodent skull. Collectively, we propose that our approach leads to a means to deliver uniform ultrasound into irregular cavities for sonogenetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allein, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magaram, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boechler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.21.457135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microscale concert hall acoustics to produce uniform ultrasound stimulation for targeted sonogenetics in hsTRPA1-transfected cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LRRK2 causes centrosomal deficits via phosphorylated Rab10 and RILPL1 at centriolar subdistal appendages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.23.457380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Parkinsons disease-associated LRRK2 kinase phosphorylates multiple Rab GTPases including Rab8 and Rab10, which enhances their binding to RILPL1 and RILPL2. The nascent interaction between phospho-Rab10 and RILPL1 blocks ciliogenesis in vitro and in the intact brain, and interferes with the cohesion of duplicated centrosomes in dividing cells. We show here that various LRRK2 risk variants and all currently described regulators of the LRRK2 signaling pathway converge upon causing centrosomal cohesion deficits. The cohesion deficits do not require the presence of RILPL2 or of other LRRK2 kinase substrates including Rab12, Rab35 and Rab43. Rather, they depend on the RILPL1-mediated centrosomal accumulation of phosphorylated Rab10. RILPL1 localizes to the subdistal appendages of the mother centriole, followed by recruitment of the LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab protein to cause the centrosomal defects. These data reveal a common molecular pathway by which alterations in the LRRK2 kinase activity impact upon centrosome-related events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, A. J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fasiczka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naaldijk, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fdez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanca Ramirez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilfiker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.23.457380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LRRK2 causes centrosomal deficits via phosphorylated Rab10 and RILPL1 at centriolar subdistal appendages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A missense KCNQ1 Mutation Impairs Insulin Secretion in Neonatal Diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.24.457485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KCNQ1/Kv7 is a voltage-gated K+ channel that regulates heart rhythm, glucose and salt homeostasis. Mutations of KCNQ1 are primarily associated with long-QT syndrome and type 2 diabetes; however, thus far KCNQ1 mutations have not been associated with monogenetic diabetes. Here, we identified a homozygous KCNQ1 missense mutation (R397W) in an individual with permanent neonatal diabetes (PND). To identify the mechanisms that link the mutation to the disease, we introduced the mutation into human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and used them to derived pancreatic {beta}-like cells (hESC-{beta} cell). In early {beta}-like cells, we observed atypical membrane electrical activity, increased levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+, and a hypersecretion of insulin. Upon extended culture, their insulin secretion decreased and the number of apoptotic cells increased, resulting in a reduction in the numbers of {beta}-like cells. Late-stage {beta}-like cells exhibited a decrease in the expression of metabolic genes, e.g. HNF4, PDX1 and GLUT1, providing a possible mechanism for {beta}-cell dysfunction. Our study identifies KCNQ1 as a novel candidate gene of monogenetic diabetes and shows that KCNQ1 regulates {beta}-cell function and survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pande, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisewski, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Röpke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purfürst, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frühler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margineanu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühnen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khodaverdi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krill, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raile, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izsvak, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.24.457485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A missense KCNQ1 Mutation Impairs Insulin Secretion in Neonatal Diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genome trilogy of Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector, reveals structure of a locus associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAnopheles stephensi is the most menacing malaria vector to watch for in newly urbanizing parts of the world. The fitness is reported to be a direct consequence of the vector adapting to laying eggs in over-head water tanks with street-side water puddles polluted by oil and sewage. Large frequent inversions of malaria vectors are implicated in adaptation.

ResultsWe report the assembly of a strain of An. stephensi of the type-form, collected from a construction site from Chennai (IndCh) in 2016. The genome completes the trilogy with respect to a 16 Mbp inversion (2Rb) in An. stephensi associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. Comparative genome analysis revealed breakpoint structure and allowed extraction of 22,650 segregating SNPs for typing this inversion. Using whole genome sequencing of 82 individual mosquitoes, we conclude that one third of both wild and laboratory populations maintain heterozygous genotype of 2Rb. The large number of SNPs are tailored to assign inversion genotype directly from 1740 exonic SNPs 80% of which are expressed in various developmental stages.

ConclusionsThe genome trilogy approach accelerates study of fine structure and typing of important inversions in malaria vectors putting the genome resources for the much understudied An. stephensi, on par with the extensively studied malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. We argue that the IndCh genome is relevant for field translation work compared to those reported earlier by showing that individuals from diverse populations cluster with IndCh pointing to significant commerce between cities, perhaps, allowing for survival of the fittest strain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thakare, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alalamath, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whadgar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrotri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genome trilogy of Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector, reveals structure of a locus associated with adaptation to environmental heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.28.458032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems analysis of the familial cardiomyopathy signaling network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.28.458032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Familial cardiomyopathy is a precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Over the past several decades, researchers have discovered numerous gene mutations primarily in sarcomeric and cytoskeletal proteins causing two different disease phenotypes: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. However, molecular mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype remain unclear. Here, we employ a systems approach by integrating experimental findings from preclinical studies (e.g., murine data) into a cohesive signaling network to scrutinize genotype to phenotype mechanisms. We developed an HCM/DCM signaling network model utilizing a logic-based differential equations approach and evaluated model performance in predicting experimental data from four contexts (HCM, DCM, pressure overload, and volume overload). The model has an overall prediction accuracy of 83.8%, with higher accuracy in the HCM context (90%) than DCM (75%). Global sensitivity analysis identifies key signaling reactions, with calcium-mediated myofilament force development and calcium-calmodulin kinase signaling ranking the highest. A structural revision analysis indicates potential missing interactions that primarily control calcium regulatory proteins, increasing model prediction accuracy. Combination pharmacotherapy analysis suggests that downregulation of signaling components such as calcium, titin and its associated proteins, growth factor receptors, ERK1/2, and PI3K-AKT could inhibit myocyte growth in HCM. In experiments with patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (MLP-W4R;MYH7-R723C iPSC-CMs), combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT rescued the HCM phenotype, as predicted by the model. In DCM, PI3K-AKT-NFAT downregulation combined with upregulation of Ras/ERK1/2 or titin or Gq protein could ameliorate cardiomyocyte morphology. The model results suggest that HCM mutations that increase active force through elevated calcium sensitivity could increase ERK activity and decrease eccentricity through parallel growth factors, Gq-mediated, and titin pathways. Moreover, the model simulated the influence of existing medications on cardiac growth in HCM and DCM contexts. This HCM/DCM signaling model demonstrates utility in investigating genotype to phenotype mechanisms in familial cardiomyopathy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khalilimeybodi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saucerman, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.28.458032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems analysis of the familial cardiomyopathy signaling network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Only females show a stable association between neuroticism and microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum across childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal DTI study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroticism is characterized by a tendency to experience negative and anxious emotions. This personality trait is linked to an increased risk of anxiety and mood disorders. In a cross-sectional 3T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study in children and adolescents, we found an association between neuroticism and a relative imbalance between left and right (i.e., asymmetry) fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cingulum and white matter underlying the ventromedial prefrontal cortex with opposite directions in females and males. Here we analyzed the longitudinal follow-up DTI data, which was acquired in 76 typically-developing 7- to 18-year-olds, including up to 11 scans per subject. Neuroticism was assessed up to four times. Our longitudinal DTI measurements substantiate robust associations between higher neuroticism scores and increased left relative to right cingulum FA in females and decreased left relative to right cingulum FA in males. In females, the association was already present in late childhood and with a stable expression across childhood and adolescence. In males, the association gradually emerged during adolescence. Future longitudinal studies should clarify which neurobiological factors (e.g., genetic variation, prenatal stress, sex hormones) contribute to the sex-specific associations in the relationship between neuroticism and interhemispheric microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum.

HighlightO_LIWe analyzed a unique longitudinal DTI dataset covering late childhood and adolescence.
C_LIO_LIIn the cingulum, left-right fractional anisotropy (FA) asymmetry scaled with neuroticism.
C_LIO_LIFemales displayed a stable association of neuroticism with increased cingulum asymmetry.
C_LIO_LIMales showed an association between neuroticism and decreased cingulum FA asymmetry.
C_LIO_LIThe association in males became more accentuated during adolescence
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plachti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baare, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebner, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Only females show a stable association between neuroticism and microstructural asymmetry of the cingulum across childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal DTI study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of reference standards for multifaceted mosaic variant analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.31.458343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detection of somatic mosaicism in non-proliferative cells is a new challenge in genome research, however, the accuracy of current detection strategies remains uncertain due to the lack of a ground truth. Herein, we sought to present a set of reference standards based on a total of 386,613 mosaic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion-deletion mutations (INDELs) with variant allele frequencies (VAFs) ranging from 0.5% to 56%, as well as 35,113,417 non-variant and 19,936 germline variant sites as a negative control. The whole reference standard set mimics the cumulative aspect of mosaic variant acquisition in the early developmental stage owing to the progressive mixing of cell lines with established genotypes, ultimately unveiling 741 possible inter-sample relationships with respect to variant sharing and asymmetry in VAFs. We expect that our reference standards will be essential for optimizing the current use of mosaic variant detection strategies and for developing algorithms to enable future improvements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ha, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.31.458343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of reference standards for multifaceted mosaic variant analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectivity of fMRI using differential covariance predicts structural connectivity and behavioral reaction times 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.01.458609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recordings from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) reflect the influence of pathways between brain areas. A wide range of methods have been proposed to measure this functional connectivity (FC), but the lack of "ground truth" has made it difficult to systematically validate them. Most measures of FC produce connectivity estimates that are symmetrical between brain areas. Differential covariance (dCov) is an algorithm for analyzing FC with directed graph edges. Applied to synthetic datasets, dCov-FC was more effective than covariance and partial correlation in reducing false positive connections and more accurately matching the underlying structural connectivity. When we applied dCov-FC to resting state fMRI recordings from the human connectome project (HCP) and anesthetized mice, dCov-FC accurately identified strong cortical connections from diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) in individual humans and viral tract tracing in mice. In addition, those HCP subjects whose rs-fMRI were more integrated, as assessed by a graph-theoretic measure, tended to have shorter reaction times in several behavioral tests. Thus, dCov-FC was able to identify anatomically verified connectivity that yielded measures of brain integration causally related to behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukhari, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.01.458609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectivity of fMRI using differential covariance predicts structural connectivity and behavioral reaction times]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.457410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ether Lipid Biosynthesis Promotes Lifespan Extension and Enables Diverse Prolongevity Paradigms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.457410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biguanides, including the worlds most commonly prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, metformin, not only lower blood sugar, but also promote longevity in preclinical models. Epidemiologic studies in humans parallel these findings, indicating favorable effects of metformin on longevity and on reducing the incidence and morbidity associated with aging-related diseases. In spite of this promise, the full spectrum of molecular effectors responsible for these health benefits remains elusive. Through unbiased screening in C. elegans, we uncovered a role for genes necessary for ether lipid biosynthesis in the favorable effects of biguanides. We demonstrate that biguanides prompt lifespan extension by stimulating ether lipid biogenesis. Loss of the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery also mitigates lifespan extension attributable to dietary restriction, target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibition, and mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition. A possible mechanistic explanation for this finding is that ether lipids are required for activation of longevity-promoting, metabolic stress defenses downstream of the conserved transcription factor Nrf2/skn-1. In alignment with these findings, overexpression of a single, key, ether lipid biosynthetic enzyme, fard-1/FAR1, is sufficient to promote lifespan extension. These findings illuminate the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery as a novel therapeutic target to promote healthy aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cedillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahsan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adedoja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watrous, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pukkila-Worley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soukas, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.457410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ether Lipid Biosynthesis Promotes Lifespan Extension and Enables Diverse Prolongevity Paradigms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human spindle variability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In humans, sleep spindles are 10-16 Hz oscillations lasting approximately 0.5-2 s. Spindles, along with cortical slow oscillations, facilitate memory consolidation by enabling synaptic plasticity. Early recordings of spindles at the scalp found anterior channels had overall slower frequency than central-posterior channels. This robust, topographical finding led to dichotomizing spindles as  slow versus  fast, modelled as two distinct spindle generators in frontal versus posterior cortex. Using a large dataset of intracranial sEEG recordings (n=20, 365 bipolar recordings), we show that the difference in spindle frequency between frontal and parietal channels is comparable to the variability in spindle frequency within the course of individual spindles, across different spindles recorded by a given site, and across sites within a given region. Thus, fast and slow spindles only capture average differences that obscure a much larger underlying overlap in frequency. Furthermore, differences in mean frequency are only one of several ways that spindles differ. For example, compared to parietal, frontal spindles are smaller, tend to occur after parietal when both are engaged, and show a larger decrease in frequency within-spindles. However, frontal and parietal spindles are similar in being longer, less variable, and more widespread than occipital, temporal, and Rolandic spindles. These characteristics are accentuated in spindles which are highly phase-locked to posterior hippocampal spindles. We propose that rather than a strict parietal-fast/frontal-slow dichotomy, spindles differ continuously and quasi-independently in multiple dimensions, with variability due about equally to within-spindle, within-region and between-region factors.

Significance StatementSleep spindles are 10-16 Hz neural oscillations generated by cortico-thalamic circuits that promote memory consolidation. Spindles are often dichotomized into slow-anterior and fast-posterior categories for cognitive and clinical studies. Here, we show that the anterior-posterior difference in spindle frequency is comparable to that observed between different cycles of individual spindles, between spindles from a given site, or from different sites within a region. Further, we show that spindles vary on other dimensions such as duration, amplitude, spread, primacy and consistency, and that these multiple dimensions vary continuously and largely independently across cortical regions. These findings suggest that multiple continuous variables rather than a strict frequency dichotomy may be more useful biomarkers for memory consolidation or psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.458632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human spindle variability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Native Metabolomics Identifies the Rivulariapeptolide Family of Protease Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identity and biological activity of most metabolites still remain unknown. A key bottleneck in the full exploration of this tremendous source of new structures and pharmaceutical activities is the compound purification needed for bioactivity assignments of individual compounds and downstream structure elucidation. To enable bioactivity-focused compound identification from complex mixtures, we developed a scalable native metabolomics approach that integrates non-targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and simultaneous detection of protein binding via native mass spectrometry. While screening for new protease inhibitors from an environmental cyanobacteria community, native metabolomics revealed 30 cyclodepsipeptides as chymotrypsin binders. Mass spectrometry-guided purification then allowed for the full structure elucidation of four new specialized metabolites via tandem mass spectrometry, chemical derivatization, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Together with the evaluation of biological activities, our results identified the rivulariapeptolides as a family of serine protease inhibitors with nanomolar potency, highlighting native metabolomics as promising approach for drug discovery, chemical ecology, and chemical biology studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Shalom, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matos-Hernandez, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caro-Diaz, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naman, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Native Metabolomics Identifies the Rivulariapeptolide Family of Protease Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome phylogenies support ancient evolutionary transitions in bioluminescence traits of cypridinid ostracods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the the diversity, beauty, and intricacy of sexually selected courtship displays command the attention of evolutionists, the longevity of these traits in deep time is poorly understood. Population-based theory suggests sexual selection could either lower or raise extinction risk, resulting in high or low persistence of lineages with sexually selected traits. Furthermore, empirical studies that directly estimate longevity of sexually selected traits are uncommon. Sexually selected signals - including bioluminescent courtship - originated multiple times during evolution, allowing empirical study of their longevity after careful phylogenetic and divergence time analyses. Here, we estimate the first transcriptome-based molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Cypridinidae. We report extreme longevity of bioluminescent courtship, a trait important in mate choice and probably under sexual selection. Our relaxed-clock estimates of divergence times coupled with stochastic character mapping show luminous courtship evolved only once in Cypridinidae in a Sub-Tribe we name Luxorina at least 151 Million Years Ago (Ma) from cypridinid ancestors that used bioluminescence only in anti-predator displays, defining a Tribe we name Luminini. This time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of cypridinids will serve as a foundation for integrative and comparative studies on the biochemistry, molecular evolution, courtship, diversification, and ecology of cypridinid bioluminescence. The persistence of luminous courtship for hundreds of millions of years indicates that rates of speciation within the group exceeded extinction risk, allowing for the persistence of a diverse clade of signalling species and that sexual selection did not cause rapid loss of associated traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensley, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reda, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrish, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome phylogenies support ancient evolutionary transitions in bioluminescence traits of cypridinid ostracods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.04.458984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network Modeling Predicts Personalized Gene Expression and Drug Responses in Valve Myofibroblasts Cultured with Patient Sera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.04.458984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) patients experience pathogenic valve leaflet stiffening due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Numerous microenvironmental cues influence pathogenic expression of ECM remodeling genes in tissue-resident valvular myofibroblasts, and the regulation of complex myofibroblast signaling networks depends on patient-specific extracellular factors. Here, we combined a manually curated myofibroblast signaling network with a data-driven transcription factor network to predict patient-specific myofibroblast gene expression signatures and drug responses. Using transcriptomic data from myofibroblasts cultured with AVS patient sera, we produced a large-scale, logic-gated differential equation model in which 11 biochemical and biomechanical signals are transduced via a network of 334 signaling and transcription reactions to accurately predict the expression of 27 fibrosis-related genes. Correlations were found between personalized model-predicted gene expression and AVS patient echocardiography data, suggesting links between fibrosis-related signaling and patient-specific AVS severity. Further, global network perturbation analyses revealed signaling molecules with the most influence over network-wide activity including endothelin 1 (ET1), interleukin 6 (IL6), and transforming growth factor {beta} (TGF{beta}) along with downstream mediators c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lastly, we performed virtual drug screening to identify patient-specific drug responses, which were experimentally validated via fibrotic gene expression measurements in VICs cultured with AVS patient sera and treated with or without bosentan - a clinically approved ET1 receptor inhibitor. In sum, our work advances the ability of computational approaches to provide a mechanistic basis for clinical decisions including patient stratification and personalized drug screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rogers, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anseth, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.04.458984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network Modeling Predicts Personalized Gene Expression and Drug Responses in Valve Myofibroblasts Cultured with Patient Sera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclic mechanical stresses alter erythrocyte membrane composition and microstructure and trigger macrophage phagocytosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Red blood cells (RBCs) are cleared from the circulation when they become damaged or display aging signals targeted by macrophages. This process occurs mainly in the spleen, where blood flows through submicrometric constrictions called inter-endothelial slits (IES), subjecting RBCs to large-amplitude deformations. In this work, we circulated RBCs through microfluidic devices containing microchannels that replicate the IES. The cyclic mechanical stresses experienced by the cells affected their biophysical properties and molecular composition, accelerating cell aging. Specifically, RBCs quickly transitioned to a more spherical, less deformable phenotype that hindered microchannel passage, causing hemolysis. This transition was associated with the release of membrane vesicles, which self-extinguished as the spacing between membrane-cytoskeleton linkers became tighter. Proteomics analysis of the mechanically aged RBCs revealed significant losses of essential proteins involved in antioxidant protection, gas transport, and cell metabolism. Finally, we show that these changes made mechanically aged RBCs more susceptible to macrophage phagocytosis. These results provide a comprehensive model to explain how physical stress induces RBC clearance in the spleen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Herreros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclic mechanical stresses alter erythrocyte membrane composition and microstructure and trigger macrophage phagocytosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The language network supports both lexical access and sentence generation during language production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fronto-temporal brain network has long been implicated in language comprehension. However, this networks role in language production remains debated. In particular, it remains unclear whether all or only some language regions contribute to production, and which aspects of production these regions support. Across three fMRI experiments that rely on robust individual-subject analyses, we characterize the language networks response to high-level production demands. We report three novel results. First, sentence production, spoken or typed, elicits a strong response throughout the language network. Second, the language network responds to both phrase-structure building and lexical access demands, although the response to phrase-structure building is stronger and more spatially extensive, present in every language region. Finally, contra some proposals, we find no evidence of brain regions--within or outside the language network--that selectively support phrase-structure building in production relative to comprehension. Instead, all language regions respond more strongly during production than comprehension, suggesting that production incurs a greater cost for the language network. Together, these results align with the idea that language comprehension and production draw on the same knowledge representations, which are stored in a distributed manner within the language-selective network and are used to both interpret and generate linguistic utterances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kean, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zekelman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedorenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The language network supports both lexical access and sentence generation during language production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing neuropeptide volume transmission in vivo by a novel all-optical approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropeptides are essential signaling molecules in the nervous system involved in modulating neural circuits and behavior. Although hypothesized to signal via volume transmission through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), remarkably little is known about their extrasynaptic diffusion. Here, we developed an all-optical approach to probe neuropeptide volume transmission in mouse neocortex. To control neuropeptide release, we engineered photosensitive nanovesicles with somatostatin-14 (SST) that is released with near-infrared light stimulation. To detect SST, we created a new cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporter (CNiFER) using the SST2 GPCR. Under two-photon imaging, we determined the time to activate SST2R at defined distances as well as the maximal distance and loss rate for SST volume transmission in neocortex. Importantly, we determined that SST transmission is significantly faster in neocortex with a chemically degraded extracellular matrix, a diseased condition indicated in neuroinflammation and Parkinsons disease. These new neurotechnologies can reveal important biological signaling processes previously not possible, and provide new opportunities to investigate volume transmission in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aisenberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kircher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zasadzinski, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrabetova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slesinger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing neuropeptide volume transmission in vivo by a novel all-optical approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A caged DAMGO for selective photoactivation of endogenous mu opioid receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Photoactivatable drugs and peptides can drive quantitative studies into receptor signaling with high spatiotemporal precision, yet few are compatible with behavioral studies in mammals. We developed CNV-Y-DAMGO, a caged derivative of the mu opioid receptor-selective peptide agonist DAMGO. Photoactivation in the mouse ventral tegmental area produced an opioid-dependent increase in locomotion within seconds of illumination. These results demonstrate the power of in vivo photopharmacology for dynamic studies into animal behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banghart, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A caged DAMGO for selective photoactivation of endogenous mu opioid receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Four layer multi-omics reveals molecular responses to aneuploidy in Leishmania 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aneuploidy causes system-wide disruptions in the stochiometric balances of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, often resulting in detrimental effects for the organism. The protozoan parasite Leishmania has an unusually high tolerance for aneuploidy, but the molecular and functional consequences for the pathogen remain poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question in vitro and present the first integrated analysis of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of highly aneuploid Leishmania donovani strains. Our analyses unambiguously establish that aneuploidy in Leishmania proportionally impacts the average transcript- and protein abundance levels of affected chromosomes, ultimately correlating with the degree of metabolic differences between strains. This proportionality was present in both proliferative and non-proliferative in vitro promastigotes. However, protein complex subunits and non-cytoplasmic proteins, showed dosage compensation, responding less or even not at all to aneuploidy-induced dosage changes. In contrast to other Eukaryotes, we did not observe the widespread regulation at the transcript level that typically modulates some of the negative effects of aneuploidy. Further, the majority of differentially expressed proteins between aneuploid strains were encoded by non-aneuploid chromosomes and were not driven by a significant underlying transcript change, suggesting that aneuploidy is accompanied by extensive post-transcriptional protein-level modulation. This makes Leishmania a unique Eukaryotic model for elucidating post-transcriptional protein-abundance modulation in the context of aneuploidy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cuypers, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meysman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erb, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkenborg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baggerman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mertens, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notredame, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dujardin, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domagalska, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laukens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.14.460245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Four layer multi-omics reveals molecular responses to aneuploidy in Leishmania]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hidden conformations differentiate day and night in a circadian pacemaker 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The AAA+ protein KaiC is the central pacemaker for cyanobacterial circadian rhythms. Composed of two hexameric rings with tightly coupled activities, KaiC undergoes changes in autophosphorylation on its C-terminal (CII) domain that restrict binding of of clock proteins on its N-terminal (CI) domain to the evening. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to investigate how daytime and nighttime states of CII regulate KaiB binding to CI. We find that the CII hexamer is destabilized during the day but takes on a rigidified C2-symmetric state at night,concomitant with ring-ring compression. Residues at the CI-CII interface are required for phospho-dependent KaiB association, coupling ATPase activity on CI to cooperative KaiB recruitment. Together these studies reveal how daily changes in KaiC phosphorylation regulate cyanobacterial circadian rhythms.

One-Sentence SummaryCryo-EM structures of KaiC in its day and night states reveal the structural basis for assembly of clock regulatory complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandate, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etwaru, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palacios, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LiWang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.14.460370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hidden conformations differentiate day and night in a circadian pacemaker]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comparison of Methods to Harmonize Cortical Thickness Measurements Across Scanners and Sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Results of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple sites may be biased by site- specific profiles in participants demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as MRI acquisition protocols and scanning platforms. We compared the impact of four different harmonization methods on results obtained from analyses of cortical thickness data: (1) linear mixed-effects model (LME) that models site-specific random intercepts (LMEINT), (2) LME that models both site-specific random intercepts and age-related random slopes (LMEINT+SLP), (3) ComBat, and (4) ComBat with a generalized additive model (ComBat-GAM). Our test case for comparing harmonization methods was cortical thickness data aggregated from 29 sites, which included 1,343 cases with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (6.2-81.8 years old) and 2,067 trauma-exposed controls without PTSD (6.3-85.2 years old). We found that, compared to the other data harmonization methods, data processed with ComBat-GAM were more sensitive to the detection of significant case-control differences in regional cortical thickness (X2(3) = 34.339, p < 0.001), and case-control differences in age-related cortical thinning (X2(3) = 15.128, p = 0.002). Specifically, ComBat-GAM led to larger effect size estimates of cortical thickness reductions (corrected p-values < 0.001), smaller age-appropriate declines (corrected p-values < 0.001), and lower female to male contrast (corrected p-values < 0.001) in cases compared to controls relative to other harmonization methods. Harmonization with ComBat-GAM also led to greater estimates of age-related declines in cortical thickness (corrected p-values < 0.001) in both cases and controls compared to other harmonization methods. Our results support the use of ComBat-GAM for harmonizing cortical thickness data aggregated from multiple sites and scanners to minimize confounds and increase statistical power.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakesh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke-Rubright, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopolous, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashid, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C. R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S. B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koerte, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Werff, S. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeiren, R. R. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebois, L. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straube, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korgaonkar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comparison of Methods to Harmonize Cortical Thickness Measurements Across Scanners and Sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LXR agonist Prevents Peripheral Neuropathy and modifies PNS immune cells in Aged Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peripheral neuropathy is a common and progressive disorder in the elderly that interferes with daily activities and increases the risk of injury. It is of importance to find efficient treatments to treat or delay this age-related neurodegeneration. We previously demonstrated that activation of the cholesterol sensor Liver X receptor (LXR) with the potent agonist GW3965, alleviates pain in a diet-induced obesity model. Because cholesterol had also been linked to neuropathy during aging, we sought to test whether LXR activation may improve neuropathy and pain in aged mice by treating 21-month-old mice for 3 months with GW3965. Treatment resulted in a significant increase in nerve fibers of the sub-basal plexus, accompanied by a change in polarization, metabolism, and cholesterol content of macrophages in the sciatic nerve. These results suggest that activation of the LXR may block the progression of neuropathy associated with aging by modifying nerve-immune cell cholesterol, thereby providing new pathways to target in efforts to delay neuropathy during aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gavini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elshareif, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germanwala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcutt, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubert, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LXR agonist Prevents Peripheral Neuropathy and modifies PNS immune cells in Aged Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of phosphorylated Pten at threonine 366 on cortical connectivity and behaviour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lipid phosphatase Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10) is a key tumour suppressor gene and an important regulator of neuronal signalling. Pten mutations have been identified in patients with autism spectrum disorders, characterized by macrocephaly, impaired social interactions and communication, repetitive behaviour, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Pten enzymatic activity is regulated by a cluster of phosphorylation sites at the C-terminus of the protein. Here we specifically focussed on the role of Pten T366 phosphorylation and generated a knock-in mouse line in which Pten T366 was substituted with alanine (PtenT366A/T366A). We identify that phosphorylation of Pten at T366 controls neuron size and connectivity of brain circuits involved in sensory processing. We show in behavioural tests that PtenT366/T366A mice exhibit cognitive deficits and selective sensory impairments, with significant differences in male individuals. We identify restricted cellular overgrowth of cortical neurons in PtenT366A/T366A brains, linked to increases in both dendritic arborization and soma size. In a combinatorial approach of anterograde and retrograde monosynaptic tracing using rabies virus, we characterize differences in connectivity to the primary somatosensory cortex of PtenT366A/T366A brains, with imbalances in long-range cortico-cortical input to neurons. We conclude that phosphorylation of Pten at T366 controls neuron size and connectivity of brain circuits involved in sensory processing and propose that PTEN T366 signalling may account for a subset of autism-related functions of Pten.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ledderose, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintig, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachdev, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickholt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of phosphorylated Pten at threonine 366 on cortical connectivity and behaviour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.23.461413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Salt leverages polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase) enzymatic activity via the predicted conformational switch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.23.461413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plastic pollution spawned a global challenge caused by the environmental accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. Ongoing remediation efforts using microbial and engineered PET hydrolyzing enzymes (PETases) are hindered by slow depolymerization activities. Here, we report the optimized reaction conditions that leveraged the PETase hydrolase activity 2 to 3.8-fold in the presence of high NaCl concentrations. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were applied to model salt-dependent conformational changes of the PETase enzyme bound to a 3-unit PET polymer. MDS demonstrated that PETase interaction with flanking polymer units exhibited a striking structural disparity at low and high salt concentrations. At low salt concentrations, flanking polymer units displayed significant bending. In contrast, flanking units extended at high salt concentrations, thus residues D206, H237, and S160 of the catalytic triad positioned in close vicinity of the scissile ester bond of the polymer substrate. The resulting high salt-specific enzyme/substrate geometry can potentially facilitate hydrolysis. We theorized that a salt-dependent conformational switch could attenuate the enzyme to a broad range of natural and artificial polymers consumed as carbon sources. Altogether, new knowledge may advance the engineering of PET hydrolase enzymes and benefit bioconversion programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shiryaev, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieplak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chernov, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.23.461413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Salt leverages polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase) enzymatic activity via the predicted conformational switch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disentangling heterogeneity of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma through deep integrative omics analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with rising incidence and challenging clinical management. Using the largest series of whole-genome sequencing data integrated with transcriptomic and epigenomic data using multi-omic factor analysis, we demonstrate that MPM heterogeneity arises from four sources of variation: tumor cell morphology, ploidy, adaptive immune response, and CpG island methylator phenotype. Previous genomic studies focused on describing only the tumor cell morphology factor, although we robustly find the three other sources in all publicly available cohorts. We prove how these sources of variation explain the biological functions performed by the cancer cells, and how genomic events shape MPM molecular profiles. We show how these new sources of variation help understand the heterogeneity of the clinical behavior of MPM and drug responses measured in cell lines. These findings unearth the interplay between MPM functional biology and its genomic history, and ultimately, inform classification, prognostication and treatment.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/461908v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mangiante, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcala, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Genova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton-Oates, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacobi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le-Stang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyault, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuenin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabone-Eglinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damiola, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voegele, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michallet, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soudade, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delhomme, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poret, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brevet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giusiano-Courcambeck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damotte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofman, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouroux, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacomme, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazieres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas de Montpreville, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Planchard, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouquette, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherpereel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thivolet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignaud, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilg Soit Ilg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olaso, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disentangling heterogeneity of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma through deep integrative omics analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GABAB receptor/HCN channel complexes in VTA dopamine neurons limit synaptic inhibition and prevent anxiety-like behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aversive stimuli inhibiting dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (DAVTA neurons) induce anxiety-like behaviors. The inhibition of DAVTA neurons is prolonged by GABAB receptor (GBR)-activated K+-currents, which exhibit a rapid desensitization of unknown physiological relevance. We now report that GBRs associate via auxiliary KCTD16 subunits with HCN channels, which facilitates activation of hyperpolarization- activated currents (Ih) by GBR-activated K+ currents. Activation of Ih underlies rapid K+ current desensitization in DAVTA neurons and limits GBR-mediated inhibition. Disruption of the GBR/HCN complex in KCTD16-/- mice or blockade of Ih prolongs optogenetically driven inhibition of DAVTA neuron firing. KCTD16-/- mice exhibit an increased anxiety-like behavior in response to stressful stimuli, which is reproduced by in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-mediated KCTD16 ablation in DAVTA neurons or intra-VTA infusion of HCN antagonist to wild-type mice. Our data reveal that GBR-induced Ih protect DAVTA neurons from prolonged GBR- mediated inhibition in response to stressors, which moderates anxiety-like behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bettler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fritzius, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Garci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besseyrias, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gassmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GABAB receptor/HCN channel complexes in VTA dopamine neurons limit synaptic inhibition and prevent anxiety-like behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two helices control the dynamic crosstalk between the catalytic domains of LRRK2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The two major molecular switches in biology, kinases and GTPases, are both contained in the Parkinsons Disease-related Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, we generated a comprehensive dynamic allosteric portrait of the C-terminal domains of LRRK2 (LRRK2RCKW). We identified two helices that shield the kinase domain and regulate LRRK2 conformation and function. One docking helix in COR-B (Dk-Helix) tethers the COR-B domain to the C helix of the kinase domain and faces its Activation Loop, while the C-terminal helix (Ct-Helix) extends from the WD40 domain and interacts with both kinase lobes. The Ct-Helix and the N-terminus of the Dk-Helix create a "cap" that regulates the N-Lobe of the kinase domain. Our analyses reveal allosteric sites for pharmacological intervention and confirm the kinase domain as the central hub for conformational control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoto, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manschwetus, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaila-Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herberg, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two helices control the dynamic crosstalk between the catalytic domains of LRRK2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repurposing CAR targets in solid tumors via a pan-cancer single-cell transcriptome analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have yielded transformative clinical success for patients with blood tumors, but their full potential remains to be unleashed against solid tumors. One challenge is finding selective targets: cell surface proteins that are expressed widely by cancer cells and minimally by healthy cells in the tumor microenvironment and other normal tissues.

METHODS: Analyzing pan-cancer patient tumor single cell transcriptomics data, we first define and quantify selectivity and safety scores of existing CAR targets for indications in which they are in clinical trials or approved. Selectivity scores are computed by the ability of a given surfaceome gene to classify tumor from nontumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Safety scores are computed by mining healthy tissue transcriptomics and proteomics atlas data. Second, we identify new candidate cell surface CAR targets that have better selectivity and safety scores than the leading targets among those currently being tested, in an indication-specific manner.

RESULTS: Remarkably, in almost all cancer types, we cannot find such better targets, testifying to the overall near optimality of the current target space. However, in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), for which there is currently a dearth of existing CAR targets, we find five new targets that have both superior selectivity and safety scores. Among the HNSC new targets, we find a few that additionally are strongly essentiality in HNSC cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repurposing CAR targets in solid tumors via a pan-cancer single-cell transcriptome analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
INF2-mediated actin filament reorganization confers intrinsic resilience to neuronal ischemic injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During early stages of ischemic brain injury, glutamate receptor hyperactivation mediates neuronal death via osmotic cell swelling. Here we show that ischemia and excess NMDA receptor activation - conditions that trigger neuronal swelling -- cause actin filaments to undergo a rapid and extensive reorganization within the somatodendritic compartment. Normally, F-actin is concentrated within dendritic spines, with relatively little F-actin in the dendrite shaft. However, beginning <5 min after incubation of neurons with NMDA, F-actin depolymerizes within dendritic spines and polymerizes into long, stable filament bundles within the dendrite shaft and soma. A similar "actinification" of the somatodendritic compartment occurs after oxygen/glucose deprivation in vitro, and in mouse brain after photothrombotic stroke in vivo. Following transient, sub-lethal NMDA exposure these actin changes spontaneously reverse within 1-2 hours. A combination of Na+, Cl-, water, and Ca2+ entry are all necessary, but not individually sufficient, for induction of actinification. Spine F-actin depolymerization is also required. Actinification is driven by activation of the F-actin polymerization factor inverted formin-2 (INF2). Silencing of INF2 renders neurons more vulnerable to NMDA-induced membrane leakage and cell death, and formin inhibition markedly increases ischemic infarct severity in vivo. These results show that ischemia-induced actin filament reorganization within the dendritic compartment is an intrinsic pro-survival response that protects neurons from death induced by swelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi-Shiraishi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingelbach, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svitkina, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgs, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halpain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.01.462790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[INF2-mediated actin filament reorganization confers intrinsic resilience to neuronal ischemic injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure selected RBM immunogens prime polyclonal memory responses that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.01.462840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on vaccines that prevent transmission. The full-length Spike protein is highly immunogenic but the majority of antibodies do not target the virus: ACE2 interface. In an effort to concentrate the antibody response to the receptor-binding motif (RBM) we generated a series of conformationally-constrained immunogens by inserting solvent-exposed RBM amino acid residues into hypervariable loops of an immunoglobulin molecule. Priming C57BL/6 mice with plasmid (p)DNA encoding these constructs yielded a rapid memory response to booster immunization with recombinant Spike protein. Immune sera antibodies bound strongly to the purified receptor-binding domain (RBD) and Spike proteins. pDNA primed for a consistent response with antibodies efficient at neutralizing authentic WA1 virus and two variants of concern (VOC), B.1.351 and B.1.617.2. These findings demonstrate that immunogens built on structure selection can focus the response to conserved sites of vulnerability shared between wildtype virus and VOCs and induce neutralizing antibodies across variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Almanza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouznetsova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olmedillas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsigelny, I. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollmann Saphire, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.01.462840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure selected RBM immunogens prime polyclonal memory responses that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mechanochemical model recapitulates distinct vertebrate gastrulation modes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gastrulation is a critical event in vertebrate morphogenesis driven by cellular processes, and characterized by coordinated multi-cellular movements that form the robust morphological structures. How these structures emerge in a developing organism and vary across vertebrates remains unclear. Inspired by experiments on the chick, we derive a theoretical framework that couples actomyosin activity to tissue flow, and provides a basis for the dynamics of gastrulation morphologies. Our model predicts the onset and development of observed experimental patterns of wild-type and perturbations of chick gastrulation as a spontaneous instability of a uniform state. Varying the initial conditions and a parameter in our model, allows us to recapitulate the phase space of gastrulation morphologies seen across vertebrates, consistent with experimental observations in the accompanying paper. All together, this suggests that early embryonic self-organization follows from a minimal predictive theory of active mechano-sensitive flows.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najera, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spandan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weijer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahadevan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.03.462928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mechanochemical model recapitulates distinct vertebrate gastrulation modes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local conjugation of auxin by the GH3 amido synthetases is required for normaldevelopment of roots and flowers in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) amido synthetases conjugate amino acids to a carboxyl group of small molecules including hormones auxin, jasmonate, and salicylic acid. The Arabidopsis genome harbors 19 GH3 genes, whose exact roles in plant development have been difficult to define because of genetic redundancy among the GH3 genes. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to delete the Arabidopsis group II GH3 genes, which are able to conjugate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids. We show that plants lacking the eight group II GH3 genes (gh3 octuple mutants) accumulate free IAA and fail to produce IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu conjugates. Consequently, gh3 octuple mutants have extremely short roots, long and dense root hairs, and long hypocotyls and petioles. Our characterization of gh3 septuple mutants, which provide sensitized backgrounds, reveals that GH3.17 and GH3.9 play prominent roles in root elongation and seed production, respectively. We show that GH3 functions correlate with their expression patterns, suggesting that local deactivation of auxin also contributes to maintaining auxin homeostasis and is important for plant development. Moreover, this work provides a method for elucidating functions of individual members of a gene family, whose members have overlapping functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hira, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasahara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.463114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local conjugation of auxin by the GH3 amido synthetases is required for normaldevelopment of roots and flowers in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers distinct phenotypes associated with disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.463121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple studies have identified an association between neutrophils and COVID-19 disease severity; however, the mechanistic basis of this association remains incompletely understood. Here we collected 781 longitudinal blood samples from 306 hospitalized COVID-19+ patients, 78 COVID-19- acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, and 8 healthy controls, and performed bulk RNA-sequencing of enriched neutrophils, plasma proteomics, cfDNA measurements and high throughput antibody profiling assays to investigate the relationship between neutrophil states and disease severity or death. We identified dynamic switches between six distinct neutrophil subtypes using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. At days 3 and 7 post-hospitalization, patients with severe disease had an enrichment of a granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cell-like state gene expression signature, while non-severe patients with resolved disease were enriched for a progenitor-like immature neutrophil state signature. Severe disease was associated with gene sets related to neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) signatures, distinct metabolic signatures, and enhanced neutrophil activation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that the majority of patients had a transient interferon-stimulated gene signature upon presentation to the emergency department (ED) defined here as Day 0, regardless of disease severity, which persisted only in patients who subsequently died. Humoral responses were identified as potential drivers of neutrophil effector functions, as enhanced antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis and reduced NETosis was associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG1-to-IgA1 ratios in plasma of severe patients who survived. In vitro experiments confirmed that while patient-derived IgG antibodies mostly drove neutrophil phagocytosis and ROS production in healthy donor neutrophils, patient-derived IgA antibodies induced a predominant NETosis response. Overall, our study demonstrates neutrophil dysregulation in severe COVID-19 and a potential role for IgA-dominant responses in driving neutrophil effector functions in severe disease and mortality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaSalle, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonye, A. L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeman, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplonek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gushterova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kays, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manakongtreecheep, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tantivit, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas-Lopez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavin-Parsons, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilly, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mckaig, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charland, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lodenstein, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaum, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lirofonis, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonny, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parry, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filbin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villani, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sade-Feldman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.463121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers distinct phenotypes associated with disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Green fluorescent protein-like pigments optimize the internal light environment in symbiotic reef building corals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pigments homologous to the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) have been proposed to fine-tune the internal light microclimate of corals, facilitating photoacclimation of photosynthetic coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) to life in different reef habitats and environmental conditions. However, direct measurements of the in vivo light conditions inside the coral tissue supporting this conclusion are lacking. Here, we quantified the intra-tissue spectral light environment of corals expressing GFP-like proteins from widely different light regimes. We focus on (1) photoconvertible red fluorescent proteins (pcRFPs), thought to enhance photosynthesis in mesophotic habitats via wavelength conversion, and (2) chromoproteins (CPs), which provide photoprotection to the symbionts in shallow water via light absorption. Optical microsensor measurements indicated that both pigment groups strongly alter the coral tissue light environment. Estimates derived from light spectra measured in pcRFP-containing corals showed that fluorescence emission can contribute to >50% of orange-red light available to the photosynthetic symbionts at mesophotic depths. We further show that upregulation of pink CPs in shallow-water corals during bleaching leads to a reduction of orange light by 10-20% compared to low-CP tissue. Thus, screening by CPs has an important role in mitigating the light-enhancing effect of coral tissue scattering during bleaching. Our results provide the first experimental quantification of the importance of GFP-like proteins in fine-tuning the light microclimate of corals during photoacclimation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bollati, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyndby, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Angelo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiedenmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Green fluorescent protein-like pigments optimize the internal light environment in symbiotic reef building corals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A supervised fingerprint-based strategy to connect natural product mass spectrometry fragmentation data to their biosynthetic gene clusters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.05.463235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial specialized metabolites are an important source of and inspiration for many pharmaceutical, biotechnological products and play key roles in ecological processes. However, most bioactivity-guided isolation and identification methods widely employed in metabolite discovery programs do not explore the full biosynthetic potential of an organism. Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is an efficient technique to access metabolites from fractions and even environmental crude extracts. Nevertheless, metabolomics is limited in predicting structures or bioactivities for cryptic metabolites. Linking the biosynthetic potential inferred from (meta)genomics to the specialized metabolome would accelerate drug discovery programs. Here, we present a k-nearest neighbor classifier to systematically connect mass spectrometry fragmentation spectra to their corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters (independent of their chemical compound class). Our pipeline offers an efficient method to link biosynthetic genes to known, analogous, or cryptic metabolites that they encode for, as detected via mass spectrometry from bacterial cultures or environmental microbiomes. Using paired data sets that include validated genes-mass spectral links from the Paired Omics Data Platform, we demonstrate this approach by automatically linking 18 previously known mass spectra to their corresponding previously experimentally validated biosynthetic genes (i.e., via NMR or genetic engineering). Finally, we demonstrated that this new approach is a substantial step towards making in silico (and even de novo) structure predictions for peptidic metabolites and a glycosylated terpene. Altogether, we conclude that NPOmix minimizes the need for culturing and facilitates specialized metabolite isolation and structure elucidation based on integrative omics mining.

SignificanceThe pace of natural product discovery has remained relatively constant over the last two decades. At the same time, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutics to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria, cancer, tropical parasites, pathogenic viruses, and other severe diseases. Here, we introduce a new machine learning algorithm that can efficiently connect metabolites to their biosynthetic genes. Our Natural Products Mixed Omics (NPOmix) tool provides access to genomic information for bioactivity, class, (partial) structure, and stereochemistry predictions to prioritize relevant metabolite products and facilitate their structural elucidation. Our approach can be applied to biosynthetic genes from bacteria (used in this study), fungi, algae, and plants where (meta)genomes are paired with corresponding mass fragmentation data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leao, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauermeister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brejnrod, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glukhov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.05.463235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A supervised fingerprint-based strategy to connect natural product mass spectrometry fragmentation data to their biosynthetic gene clusters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.463301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput phenotypic screen identifies a new family of potent anti-amoebic compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.06.463301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Entamoeba histolytica is a disease-causing parasitic amoeba which affects an estimated 50 million people worldwide, particularly in socioeconomically vulnerable populations experiencing water sanitation issues. Infection with E. histolytica is referred to as amoebiasis, and can cause symptoms such as colitis, dysentery, and even death in extreme cases. Drugs exist that are capable of killing this parasite, but they are hampered by downsides such as significant adverse effects at therapeutic concentrations, issues with patient compliance, the need for additional drugs to kill the transmissible cyst stage, and potential development of resistance. Past screens of small and medium sized chemical libraries have yielded anti-amoebic candidates, thus rendering high-throughput screening a promising direction for new drug discovery in this area. In this study, we screened a curated 80,000-compound library from Janssen pharmaceuticals against E. histolytica trophozoites in vitro, and from it identified a highly potent new inhibitor compound. Further experimentation confirmed the activity of this compound, as well as that of several structurally related compounds, originating from both the Janssen Jump-stARter library, and from chemical vendors, thus highlighting a new structure-activity relationship (SAR). In addition, we confirmed that the compound inhibited E. histolytica survival as rapidly as the current standard of care and inhibited transmissible cysts of the related model organism Entamoeba invadens. Together these results constitute the discovery of a novel class of chemicals with favorable in vitro pharmacological properties which may lead to an improved therapy against this parasite and in all of its life stages.

Author summaryThe parasite Entamoeba histolytica represents a significant challenge in the field of global health. It currently infects and causes disease among millions of people worldwide, particularly those lacking access to clean water. Drugs exist to treat this disease, but nevertheless it persists as a problem, likely at least partly due to problems and downsides inherent to these drugs. Hence the search for new and better ones is needed. We report here our contribution to this search, consisting of testing a large, carefully-curated collection of tens of thousands of chemicals for their ability to kill E. histolytica. This large-scale test resulted in the identification of one of the compounds as potently anti-amoebic, capable of killing the parasite cells at extremely low concentrations. Further experimentation found several chemically-related compounds to also possess this property, and additionally found the first compound capable of killing the infective life stage of another Entamoeba parasite. These results have revealed an entire new family of chemicals with good potential for development as better drugs against this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sauvey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenkaufer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blevitt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.06.463301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput phenotypic screen identifies a new family of potent anti-amoebic compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A sensitive and specific genetically encodable biosensor for potassium ions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Potassium ions (K+) play a critical role as an essential electrolyte in all biological systems. Here we report the crystal structure-guided optimization and directed evolution of an improved genetically encoded fluorescent K+ biosensor, GINKO2. GINKO2 is highly sensitive and specific for K+ and enables in vivo detection of K+ dynamics in multiple species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serre, N. B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laursen, C. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietz, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rancic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballanyi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirase, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedergaard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fendrych, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberl, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A sensitive and specific genetically encodable biosensor for potassium ions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Proposed Unified Interphase Nucleus Chromosome Structure: Preliminary Preponderance of Evidence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular cryo-electron tomography (CET) of the cell nucleus using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and the use of deconvolution (DC) processing technology has highlighted a large-scale, 100-300 nm interphase chromosome structure (LSS), that is present throughout the nucleus. This chromosome structure appears to coil the nucleosome 11-nm fiber into a defined hollow structure, analogous to a Slinky (S) (1, motif used in 2) helical spring. This S architecture can be used to build chromosome territories, extended to polytene chromosome structure, as well as to the structure of Lampbrush chromosomes.

Significance StatementCryo-preservation of the nuclear interior allows a large scale interphase chromosome structure--present throughout the nucleus--to be seen for the first time. This structure can be proposed to be a defined coiled entity, a Slinky. This structure can be further used to explain polytene chromosome structure, an unknown chromosome architecture as well as for lampbrush chromosomes. In addition, this new structure can be further organized as chromosome territories, using all 46 human interphase chromosomes as an example, easily into a 10 micron diameter nucleus. Thus, interphase chromosomes can be unified into a flexible defined structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arigovindan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kam, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbaum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Proposed Unified Interphase Nucleus Chromosome Structure: Preliminary Preponderance of Evidence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.10.463858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A curated collection of Klebsiella metabolic models reveals variable substrate usage and gene essentiality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.10.463858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) is a set of seven Klebsiella taxa which are found in a variety of niches, and are an important cause of opportunistic healthcare-associated infections in humans. Due to increasing rates of multi-drug resistance within the KpSC, there is a growing interest in better understanding the biology and metabolism of these organisms to inform novel control strategies. We collated 37 sequenced KpSC isolates isolated from a variety of niches, representing all seven taxa. We generated strain-specific genome scale metabolic models (GEMs) for all 37 isolates and simulated growth phenotypes on 511 distinct carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus substrates. Models were curated and their accuracy assessed using matched phenotypic growth data for 94 substrates (median accuracy of 96%). We explored species-specific growth capabilities and examined the impact of all possible single gene deletions on growth in 145 core carbon substrates. These analyses revealed multiple strain-specific differences, within and between species and highlight the importance of selecting a diverse range of strains when exploring KpSC metabolism. This diverse set of highly accurate GEMs could be used to inform novel drug design, enhance genomic analyses, and identify novel virulence and resistance determinants. We envisage that these 37 curated strain-specific GEMs, covering all seven taxa of the KpSC, provide a valuable resource to the Klebsiella research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hawkey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vezina, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judd, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harshegyi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Fernandez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brisse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyres, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.10.463858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A curated collection of Klebsiella metabolic models reveals variable substrate usage and gene essentiality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin selects for the colonization of antimicrobial-resistant gut bacterial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiota is in continuous interaction with the innermost layer of the gut, namely the epithelium. One of the various functions of the gut epithelium, is to keep the microbes at bay to avoid overstimulation of the underlying mucosa immune cells. To do so, the gut epithelia secrete a variety of antimicrobial peptides, such as chromogranin A (CgA) peptide catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372). As a defense mechanism, gut microbes have evolved antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counteract the killing effect of the secreted peptides. To this end, we treated wild-type mice and CST knockout (CST-KO) mice (where only the 63 nucleotides encoding CST have been deleted) with CST for 15 consecutive days. CST treatment was associated with a shift in the diversity and composition of the microbiota in the CST-KO mice. This effect was less prominent in WT mice. Levels of the microbiota-produced short-chain fatty acids, in particular, butyrate and acetate were significantly increased in CST-treated CST-KO mice but not the WT group. Both CST-treated CST-KO and WT mice showed a significant increase in microbiota-harboring phosphoethanolamine transferase-encoding genes, which facilitate their antimicrobial resistance. Finally, we show that CST was degraded by Escherichia coli via an omptin-protease and that the abundance of this gene was significantly higher in metagenomic datasets collected from patients with Crohns disease but not with ulcerative colitis. Overall, this study illustrates how the endogenous antimicrobial peptide, CST, shapes the microbiota composition in the gut and primes further research to uncover the role of bacterial resistance to CST in disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Davila, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwalbe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danewalia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalile, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbeke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Aidy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin selects for the colonization of antimicrobial-resistant gut bacterial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial regulation of AMPK signaling revealed by a sensitive kinase activity reporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energetics which coordinates metabolism by phosphorylating a plethora of substrates throughout the cell. But whether AMPK activity is regulated at different subcellular locations to provide precise spatial and temporal control over metabolism is unclear. Genetically encoded AMPK activity reporters (AMPKAR) have provided a window into spatial AMPK activity, but the limited dynamic range of current AMPKARs hinders detailed study. To monitor the dynamic activity of AMPK with high sensitivity, we developed a single-fluorophore AMPK activity reporter (ExRai AMPKAR) that exhibits an excitation ratiometric fluorescence change upon phosphorylation by AMPK, with over 3-fold greater response compared to previous AMPKARs. Using subcellularly localized ExRai AMPKAR, we found that the activity of AMPK at the lysosome and mitochondria are differentially regulated. While different activating conditions, irrespective of their effects on ATP, robustly yet gradually increase mitochondrial AMPK activity, lysosomal AMPK activity accumulates with much faster kinetics. Genetic deletion of the canonical upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) resulted in slower AMPK activity at lysosomes but did not affect the response amplitude at either location, in sharp contrast to the necessity of LKB1 for maximal cytoplasmic AMPK activity. We further discovered AMPK activity in the nucleus, which resulted from LKB1-mediated cytoplasmic activation of AMPK followed by nuclear shuttling. Thus, a new, sensitive reporter for AMPK activity, ExRai AMPKAR, in complement with mathematical and biophysical methods, captured subcellular AMPK activity dynamics in living cells and unveiled complex regulation of AMPK signaling within subcellular compartments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial regulation of AMPK signaling revealed by a sensitive kinase activity reporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroPET evidence for a hypersensitive neuroinflammatory profile of gp120 mouse model of HIV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite increased survivability for people living with HIV (PLWH), HIV-related cognitive and behavioral abnormalities persist. Determining the biological mechanism(s) underlying these abnormalities is critical to minimize the long-term impact of HIV. Human positron emission tomography (PET) studies reveal that PLWH exhibit higher neuroinflammation, which may contribute to cognitive and behavioral problems. PLWH are hypersensitive to environmental insults that drive elevated inflammatory profiles. Gp120 is an envelope glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope which enables HIV virus entry into a cell and contributes to HIV-related neurotoxicity. Gp120 overexpression in mice enables delineating its impact, including on neuroinflammation. In vivo evidence for gp120 transgenic (Tg) mice exhibiting neuroinflammation has yet to be determined.

Here, we conducted microPET imaging in male gp120 Tg and wildtype mice, using the radiotracer [(18)F]FEPPA which binds to the translocator protein expressed by activated microglial and serves as a marker of neuroinflammation. Imaging was performed at baseline and 24 hours after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg), endotoxin that triggers an immune response.

Gp120 Tg mice exhibited elevated [(18F)]FEPPA in response to LPS vs. wildtype mice throughout the brain including dorsal and ventral striata, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, but not prefrontal cortex.

Gp120 Tg mice are hypersensitive to environmental inflammatory insults, consistent with PLWH, measurable in vivo. It remains to-be-determined whether this heightened sensitivity is connected to the behavioral abnormalities of these mice or is sensitive to antiretroviral or other treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barback, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolz, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotta, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroPET evidence for a hypersensitive neuroinflammatory profile of gp120 mouse model of HIV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical inhibition of auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the metabolic turnover of auxin homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone auxin, specifically indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a prominent role in plant development. Cellular auxin concentration is coordinately regulated by auxin synthesis, transport, and inactivation to maintain auxin homeostasis; however, the physiological contribution of auxin inactivation to auxin homeostasis has remained elusive. The GH3 genes encode auxin amino acid conjugating enzymes that perform a central role in auxin inactivation. The chemical inhibition of GH3s in planta is challenging because the inhibition of GH3 enzymes leads to IAA overaccumulation that rapidly induces GH3 expression. Here, we developed a potent GH3 inhibitor, designated as kakeimide (KKI), that selectively targets auxin-conjugating GH3s. Chemical knockdown of the auxin inactivation pathway demonstrates that auxin turnover is very rapid (about 10 min), indicating auxin biosynthesis and inactivation dynamically regulate auxin homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fukui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukshal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasahara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, K.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical inhibition of auxin inactivation pathway uncovers the metabolic turnover of auxin homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces abnormal inflammatory blood clots neutralized by fibrin immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood clots are a central feature of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and can culminate in pulmonary embolism, stroke, and sudden death. However, it is not known how abnormal blood clots form in COVID-19 or why they occur even in asymptomatic and convalescent patients. Here we report that the Spike protein from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the blood coagulation factor fibrinogen and induces structurally abnormal blood clots with heightened proinflammatory activity. SARS-CoV-2 Spike virions enhanced fibrin-mediated microglia activation and induced fibrinogen-dependent lung pathology. COVID-19 patients had fibrin autoantibodies that persisted long after acute infection. Monoclonal antibody 5B8, targeting the cryptic inflammatory fibrin epitope, inhibited thromboinflammation. Our results reveal a procoagulant role for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and propose fibrin-targeting interventions as a treatment for thromboinflammation in COVID-19.

One-Sentence SummarySARS-CoV-2 spike induces structurally abnormal blood clots and thromboinflammation neutralized by a fibrin-targeting antibody.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryu, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sozmen, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixit, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helmy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuck, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pico, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamvil, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akassoglou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces abnormal inflammatory blood clots neutralized by fibrin immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modular, robust and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Division of labor between cells is ubiquitous in biology but the use of multi-cellular consortia for engineering applications is only beginning to be explored. A significant advantage of multi-cellular circuits is their potential to be modular with respect to composition but this claim has not yet been extensively tested using experiments and quantitative modeling. Here, we construct a library of 24 yeast strains capable of sending, receiving or responding to three molecular signals, characterize them experimentally and build quantitative models of their input-output relationships. We then compose these strains into two- and three-strain cascades as well a four-strain bistable switch and show that experimentally measured consortia dynamics can be predicted from the models of the constituent parts. To further explore the achievable range of behaviors, we perform a fully automated computational search over all two-, three- and four-strain consortia to identify combinations that realize target behaviors including logic gates, band-pass filters and time pulses. Strain combinations that are predicted to map onto a target behavior are further computationally optimized and then experimentally tested. Experiments closely track computational predictions. The high reliability of these model descriptions further strengthens the feasibility and highlights the potential for distributed computing in synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carignano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallory, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seelig, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klavins, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modular, robust and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microscopic Quantification of Oxygen Consumption across Cortical Layers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebral cortex is organized in cortical layers that differ in their cellular density, composition, and wiring. Cortical laminar architecture is also readily revealed by staining for cytochrome oxidase - the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has been hypothesized that a high-density band of cytochrome oxidase in cortical layer IV reflects higher oxygen consumption under baseline (unstimulated) conditions. Here, we tested the above hypothesis using direct measurements of the partial pressure of O2 (pO2) in cortical tissue by means of 2-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM). We revisited our previously developed method for extraction of the cerebral metabolic rate of O2 (CMRO2) based on 2-photon pO2 measurements around diving arterioles and applied this method to estimate baseline CMRO2 in awake mice across cortical layers. To our surprise, our results revealed a decrease in baseline CMRO2 from layer I to layer IV. This decrease of CMRO2 with cortical depth was paralleled by an increase in tissue oxygenation. Higher baseline oxygenation and cytochrome density in layer IV may serve as an O2 reserve during surges of neuronal activity or certain metabolically active brain states rather than baseline energy needs. Our study provides the first quantification of microscopically resolved CMRO2 across cortical layers as a step towards informed interpretation and modeling of cortical-layer-specific Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mächler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fomin-Thunemann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thunemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saetra, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desjardins, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kılıc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sencan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saisan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldy, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boas, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxton, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einevoll, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakadzic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microscopic Quantification of Oxygen Consumption across Cortical Layers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Proposed Unified Mitotic Chromosome Architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A molecular architecture is proposed for an example mitotic chromosome, human Chromosome 10. This architecture is built on a previously described interphase chromosome structure based on Cryo-EM cellular tomography (1), thus unifying chromosome structure throughout the complete mitotic cycle. The basic organizational principle, for mitotic chromosomes, is specific coiling of the 11-nm nucleosome fiber into large scale approximately 200 nm structures (a Slinky (2, motif cited in 3) in interphase, and then further modification and subsequent additional coiling for the final structure. The final mitotic chromosome architecture accounts for the dimensional values as well as the well known cytological configurations. In addition, proof is experimentally provided, by digital PCR technology, that G1 T-cell nuclei are diploid, thus one DNA molecule per chromosome. Many nucleosome linker DNA sequences, the promotors and enhancers, are suggestive of optimal exposure on the surfaces of the large-scale coils.

Significance StatementThe significance of this proposed mitotic chromosome architecture is that a specific, sequenced chromosome, human Chromosome 10, can be built into a specific architecture that accounts for the dimensional values and cytological descriptions, a first time result. Since this molecular architecture is an extension of the interphase chromosome structure, a coiling of the 11-nm nucleosome fiber with further coiling, a unifying molecular structure motif is present throughout the entire mitotic cycle, interphase through mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasler, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verdin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbaum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Proposed Unified Mitotic Chromosome Architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding of cortex-wide brain activity from local recordings of neural potentials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveElectrical recordings of neural activity from brain surface have been widely employed in basic neuroscience research and clinical practice for investigations of neural circuit functions, brain-computer interfaces, and treatments for neurological disorders. Traditionally, these surface potentials have been believed to mainly reflect local neural activity. It is not known how informative the locally recorded surface potentials are for the neural activities across multiple cortical regions.

ApproachTo investigate that, we perform simultaneous local electrical recording and wide-field calcium imaging in awake head-fixed mice. Using a recurrent neural network model, we try to decode the calcium fluorescence activity of multiple cortical regions from local electrical recordings.

Main resultsThe mean activity of different cortical regions could be decoded from locally recorded surface potentials. Also, each frequency band of surface potentials differentially encodes activities from multiple cortical regions so that including all the frequency bands in the decoding model gives the highest decoding performance. Despite the close spacing between recording channels, surface potentials from different channels provide complementary information about the large-scale cortical activity and the decoding performance continues to improve as more channels are included. Finally, we demonstrate the successful decoding of whole dorsal cortex activity at pixel-level using locally recorded surface potentials.

SignificanceThese results show that the locally recorded surface potentials indeed contain rich information of the large-scale neural activities, which could be further demixed to recover the neural activity across individual cortical regions. In the future, our cross-modality inference approach could be adapted to virtually reconstruct cortex-wide brain activity, greatly expanding the spatial reach of surface electrical recordings without increasing invasiveness. Furthermore, it could be used to facilitate imaging neural activity across the whole cortex in freely moving animals, without requirement of head-fixed microscopy configurations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramezani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding of cortex-wide brain activity from local recordings of neural potentials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunogenic potential of neopeptides depends on parent protein subcellular location 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antigen presentation via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is essential for anti-tumor immunity, however the rules that determine what tumor-derived peptides will be immunogenic are still incompletely understood. Here we investigate whether protein subcellular location driven constraints on accessibility of peptides to the MHC associate with potential for peptide immunogenicity. Analyzing over 380,000 peptides from studies of MHC presentation and peptide immunogenicity, we find clear spatial biases in both eluted and immunogenic peptides. We find that including parent protein location improves prediction of peptide immunogenicity in multiple datasets. In human immunotherapy cohorts, location was associated with response to a neoantigen vaccine, and immune checkpoint blockade responders generally had a higher burden of neopeptides from accessible locations. We conclude that protein subcellular location adds important information for optimizing immunotherapies.

HighlightsO_LIPeptides eluted from class I and II MHC reflect biases in the subcellular location of the parent proteins
C_LIO_LIAn embedding-based indicator of parent protein location improves prediction of neoepitope immunogenicity and immunotherapy response
C_LIO_LINeoepitope location improves estimation of effective neoantigen burden and stratification of potential for immunotherapy response
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaabinejadian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.16.464599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunogenic potential of neopeptides depends on parent protein subcellular location]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular perception of growth rate and the mechanistic origin of bacterial growth laws 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria organize many activities according to their grow rate via the ppGpp signaling system. Yet it is not clear how this signaling system "knows" how fast cells grow. Through quantitative experiments, we show that ppGpp responds inversely to the rate of translational elongation in E. coli. Together with its roles in inhibiting ribosome biogenesis and activity, ppGpp closes a key regulatory circuit that enables the cell to perceive and control the rate of its growth across conditions. The celebrated linear growth law relating the ribosome content and growth rate emerges as a consequence of keeping a supply of ribosome reserves while maintaining elongation rate in slow growth conditions. Further analysis suggests the elongation rate itself is detected by sensing the ratio of dwelling and translocating ribosomes, a strategy employed to collapse the complex, high-dimensional dynamics of the molecular processes underlying cell growth to perceive the physiological state of the whole.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manzanarez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.16.464649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular perception of growth rate and the mechanistic origin of bacterial growth laws]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rvb1/Rvb2 proteins couple transcription and translation during glucose starvation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During times of unpredictable stress, organisms must adapt their gene expression to maximize survival. Along with changes in transcription, one conserved means of gene regulation during conditions that quickly represses translation is the formation of cytoplasmic phase-separated mRNP granules such as P-bodies and stress granules. Previously, we identified that distinct steps in gene expression can be coupled during glucose starvation as promoter sequences in the nucleus are able to direct the subcellular localization and translatability of mRNAs in the cytosol. Here, we report that Rvb1 and Rvb2, conserved ATPase proteins implicated as protein assembly chaperones and chromatin remodelers, were enriched at the promoters and mRNAs of genes involved in alternative glucose metabolism pathways that we previously found to be transcriptionally upregulated but translationally downregulated during glucose starvation in yeast. Engineered Rvb1/Rvb2-binding on mRNAs was sufficient to sequester the mRNAs into phase-separated granules and repress their translation. Additionally, this Rvb-tethering to the mRNA drove further transcriptional upregulation of the target genes. Overall, our results point to Rvb1/Rvb2 coupling transcription, mRNA granular localization, and translatability of mRNAs during glucose starvation. This Rvb-mediated rapid gene regulation could potentially serve as an efficient recovery plan for cells after stress removal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harjono, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moresco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rvb1/Rvb2 proteins couple transcription and translation during glucose starvation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression: An ENIGMA study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epilepsy is associated with genetic risk factors and cortico-subcortical network alterations, but associations between neurobiological mechanisms and macroscale connectomics remain unclear. This multisite ENIGMA-Epilepsy study examined whole-brain structural covariance networks in patients with epilepsy and related findings to postmortem co-expression patterns of epilepsy risk genes. Brain network analysis included 578 adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), 288 adults with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and 1,328 healthy controls from 18 centres worldwide. Graph theoretical analysis of structural covariance networks revealed increased clustering and path length in orbitofrontal and temporal regions in TLE, suggesting a shift towards network regularization. Conversely, people with IGE showed decreased clustering and path length in fronto-temporo-parietal cortices, indicating a random network configuration. Syndrome-specific topological alterations reflected expression patterns of risk genes for hippocampal sclerosis in TLE and for generalized epilepsy in IGE. These imaging-genetic signatures could guide diagnosis, and ultimately, tailor therapeutic approaches to specific epilepsy syndromes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lariviere, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Cruces, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caligiuri, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambardella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasuda, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleichgerrcht, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Focke, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Podewills, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rummel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiest, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotikalapudi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OBrien, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinclair, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivash, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmond, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaudano, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tondelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalleri, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalviainen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowalczyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascalchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semmelroch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltanian-Zadeh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davoodi-Bojd, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreilka</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.18.464713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression: An ENIGMA study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of open fieldbehavior in outbred heterogeneous stock ratsidentifies multiple loci implicated inpsychiatric disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many personality traits are influenced by genetic factors. Rodents models provide an efficient system for analyzing genetic contribution to these traits. Using 1,246 adolescent heterogeneous stock (HS) male and female rats, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of behaviors measured in an open field, including locomotion, novel object interaction, and social interaction. We identified 30 genome-wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTL). Using multiple criteria, including the presence of high impact genomic variants and co-localization of cis-eQTL, we identified 13 candidate genes (Adarb2, Ankrd26, Cacna1c, Clock, Crhr1, Ctu2, Cyp26b1, Eva1a, Fam114a1, Kcnj9, Mlf2, Rab27b, Sec11a) for these traits. Most of these genes have been implicated by human GWAS of various psychiatric traits. For example, Cacna1c, a gene known to be critical for social behavior in rodents and implicated in human schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, is a candidate gene for distance to the social zone. In addition, the QTL region for total distance to the novel object zone, on Chr1 at 144 Mb, is syntenic to a hotspot on human Chr15 (82.5-90.8 Mb) that contains 14 genes associated with psychiatric or substance abuse traits. Although some of the genes identified by this study appear to replicate findings from prior human GWAS, others likely represent novel findings that can be the catalyst for future molecular and genetic insights into human psychiatric diseases. Together, these findings provide strong support for the use of the HS population to study psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunturkun, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.18.464872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of open fieldbehavior in outbred heterogeneous stock ratsidentifies multiple loci implicated inpsychiatric disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The landscape of extrachromosomal circular DNA in medulloblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (ecDNA) is an important driver of aggressive tumor growth, promoting high oncogene copy number, intratumoral heterogeneity, accelerated evolution of drug resistance, enhancer rewiring, and poor outcome. ecDNA has been reported in medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, but the ecDNA landscape and its association with specific MB subgroups, its impact on enhancer rewiring, and its potential clinical implications, are not known. We assembled a retrospective cohort of 468 MB patient samples with available whole genome sequencing (WGS) data covering the four major MB subgroups WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. Using computational methods for the detection and reconstruction of ecDNA1, we find ecDNA in 82 patients (18%) and observe that ecDNA+ MB patients are more than twice as likely to relapse and three times as likely to die of disease. In addition, we find that individual medulloblastoma tumors often harbor multiple ecDNAs, each containing different amplified oncogenes along with co-amplified non-coding regulatory enhancers. ecDNA was substantially more prevalent among 31 analyzed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cell lines than in our patient cohort. By mapping the accessible chromatin and 3D conformation landscapes of MB tumors that harbor ecDNA, we observe frequent candidate "enhancer rewiring" events that spatially link oncogenes with co-amplified enhancers. Our study reveals the frequency and diversity of ecDNA in a subset of highly aggressive tumors and suggests enhancer rewiring as a frequent oncogenic mechanism of ecDNAs in MB. Further, these results demonstrate that ecDNA is a frequent and potent driver of poor outcome in MB patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chapman, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagadala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, I. T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehkordi, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juarez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malicki, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coufal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomeroy, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraenkel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.18.464907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The landscape of extrachromosomal circular DNA in medulloblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscale organization of ryanodine receptor distribution and phosphorylation pattern determines the dynamics of calcium sparks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Super-resolution imaging techniques have provided a better understanding of the relationship between the nanoscale organization of function of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in cardiomy-ocytes. Interestingly recent data have indicated that this relationship is disrupted in heart failure (HF), as RyRs are dispersed into smaller and more numerous clusters. However, RyRs are also hyperphosphorylated in this condition, and this is reported to occur preferentially within the cluster centre. Thus, the combined impact of RyR relocalization and sensitization on Ca2+ spark generation in failing cardiomyocytes is likely complex and these observations suggest that both the nanoscale organization of RyRs and the pattern of phosphorylated RyRs within clusters could be critical determinants of Ca2+ spark dynamics. To test this hypothesis, we used computational modeling to quantify the relationships between RyR cluster geometry, phosphorylation patterns, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. We found that RyR cluster disruption results in a decrease in spark fidelity and longer sparks with a lower amplitude. Phosphorylation of some RyRs within the cluster can play a compensatory role, recovering healthy spark dynamics. Interestingly, our model predicts that such compensation is critically dependent on the phosphorylation pattern, as phosphorylation localized within the cluster center resulted in longer Ca2+ sparks and higher spark fidelity compared to a uniformly distributed phosphorylation pattern. Our results strongly suggest that both the phosphorylation pattern and nanoscale RyR reorganization are critical determinants of Ca2+ dynamics in HF.

Significance StatementRyRs are ion channels located on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are responsible for an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ during cell excitation. Here, we investigate how the geometry of RyR clusters combined with spatial phosphorylation patterns impacts on Ca2+ spark generation and kinetics. The findings from our study show that both phosphorylation pattern and RyR cluster shape and dispersion have implications on Ca2+ spark activity and provide insights into altered Ca2+ dynamics during HF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez Mesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Brink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louch, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscale organization of ryanodine receptor distribution and phosphorylation pattern determines the dynamics of calcium sparks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of Potent Triple Inhibitors of Both SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Human Cathepsin L 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are currently no FDA approved inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteases with specific treatment for post-exposure of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discovered inhibitors containing thiuram disulfide or dithiobis-(thioformate) tested against three key proteases in SARS CoV-2 replication including SARS CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro), SARS CoV-2 Papain Like Protease (PLpro), and human cathepsin L. The use of thiuram disulfide and dithiobis-(thioformate) covalent inhibitor warheads was inspired by disulfiram, a currently prescribed drug commonly used to treat chronic alcoholism that at the present time is in Phase 2 clinical trials against SARS-CoV-2. At the maximal allowed dose, disulfiram is associated with adverse effects. Our goal was to find more potent inhibitors that target both viral proteases and one essential human protease to reduce the dosage and minimize the adverse effects associated with these agents. We found that compounds coded as RI175, JX 06, and RI172 are the most potent inhibitors from an enzymatic assay against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, and human cathepsin L with IC50s of 330, 250 nM, and 190 nM about 4.5, 17, and 11.5-fold more potent than disulfiram, respectively. The identified protease inhibitors in this series were also tested against SARS CoV-2 in a cell-based and toxicity assay and were shown to have similar or greater antiviral effect than disulfiram. The identified triple protease inhibitors and their derivatives are promising candidates for treatment of the Covid-19 virus and related variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meewan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kattoula, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kattoula, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giardini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodworth, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siqueira-Neto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of Potent Triple Inhibitors of Both SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Human Cathepsin L]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human milk oligosaccharides reduce murine group B Streptococcus vaginal colonization with minimal impact on the vaginal microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the vaginal mucosa of a significant percentage of healthy women and is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial infections. Currently, pregnant women are screened in the last month of pregnancy and GBS-positive women are given antibiotics during parturition to prevent bacterial transmission to the neonate. Recently, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) isolated from breastmilk were found to inhibit GBS growth and biofilm formation in vitro, and women that make certain HMOs are less likely to be vaginally colonized with GBS. Using in vitro human vaginal epithelial cells and a murine vaginal colonization model, we tested the impact of HMO treatment on GBS burdens and the composition of the endogenous microbiota by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. HMO treatment reduced GBS vaginal burdens in vivo with minimal alterations to the vaginal microbiota. HMOs displayed potent inhibitory activity against GBS in vitro, but HMO pretreatment did not alter adherence of GBS or the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus to human vaginal epithelial cells. Additionally, disruption of a putative GBS glycosyltransferase ({Delta}san_0913) rendered the bacterium largely resistant to HMO inhibition in vitro and in vivo but did not compromise its adherence, colonization, or biofilm formation in the absence of HMOs. We conclude that HMOs are a promising therapeutic bioactive to limit GBS vaginal colonization with minimal impacts on the vaginal microenvironment.

IMPORTANCEDuring pregnancy, GBS ascension into the uterus can cause fetal infection or preterm birth. Additionally, GBS exposure during labor creates a risk of serious disease in the vulnerable newborn and mother postpartum. Current recommended prophylaxis consists of administering broad-spectrum antibiotics to GBS-positive mothers during labor. Although antibiotics have significantly reduced GBS neonatal disease, there are several unintended consequences including altered neonatal gut bacteria and increased risk for other types of infection. Innovative preventions displaying more targeted antimicrobial activity, while leaving the maternal microbiota intact, are thus appealing. Using a mouse model, we found that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) reduce GBS burdens without perturbing the vaginal microbiota. We conclude that HMOs are a promising alternative to antibiotics to reduce GBS neonatal disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mejia, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vrbanac, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zulk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorshead, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patras, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human milk oligosaccharides reduce murine group B Streptococcus vaginal colonization with minimal impact on the vaginal microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.464743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Commensal bacteria promote type I interferon signaling to maintain immune tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.21.464743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type I interferons (IFN) exert a broad range of biological effects important in coordinating immune responses. Host and microbial factors regulate IFN production, triggering a signaling cascade that has classically been studied in the context of pathogen clearance. In particular, commensal bacteria have been shown to induce IFN to protect against viral infections. Yet, whether immunomodulatory bacteria operate through IFN pathways to support immune tolerance remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate microbiota-dependent IFN signaling is required for priming tolerogenic T regulatory cells (Tregs) by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs). DCs deficient in IFN signaling through deletion of IFNAR-1 display dysregulated cytokine production in response to the commensal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, resulting in blunted downstream Treg responses. Single cell RNA sequencing of gut tissues demonstrated that colonization with B. fragilis promotes a distinct type I IFN gene signature in Tregs during homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. Moreover, B. fragilis-mediated protection during experimental colitis was abrogated in IFNAR1-deficient mice. Altogether, our findings demonstrate an important role of microbiota-mediated immune tolerance via tonic type I IFN signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vasquez Ayala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.464743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Commensal bacteria promote type I interferon signaling to maintain immune tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
E-Cannula reveals anatomical diversity in sharp-wave ripples as a driver for the recruitment of distinct hippocampal assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial navigation and episodic memory. However, research on in vivo hippocampal activity dynamics has mostly relied on single modalities such as electrical recordings or optical imaging, with respectively limited spatial and temporal resolution. This technical difficulty greatly impedes multi-level investigations into network state-related changes in cellular activity. To overcome these limitations, we developed the E-Cannula integrating fully transparent graphene microelectrodes with imaging-cannula. The E-Cannula enables the simultaneous electrical recording and two-photon calcium imaging from the exact same population of neurons across an anatomically extended region of the mouse hippocampal CA1 stably across several days. These large-scale simultaneous optical and electrical recordings showed that local hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) are associated with synchronous calcium events involving large neural populations in CA1. We show that SWRs exhibit spatiotemporal wave patterns along multiple axes in 2D space with different spatial extents (local or global) and temporal propagation modes (stationary or travelling). Notably, distinct SWR wave patterns were associated with, and decoded from, the selective recruitment of orthogonal CA1 cell assemblies. These results suggest that the diversity in the anatomical progression of SWRs may serve as a mechanism for the selective activation of the unique hippocampal cell assemblies extensively implicated in the encoding of distinct memories. Through these results we demonstrate the utility of the E-Cannula as a versatile neurotechnology with the potential for future integration with other optical components such as green lenses, fibers or prisms enabling the multi-modal investigation of cross-time scale population-level neural dynamics across brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramezani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosmark, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Losonczy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.22.465514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[E-Cannula reveals anatomical diversity in sharp-wave ripples as a driver for the recruitment of distinct hippocampal assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data-driven discovery of targets for bipotent anticancer drugs identifies Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drugs that kill tumors through multiple mechanisms have potential for broad clinical benefits, with a reduced propensity to resistance. We developed BipotentR, a computational approach to find cancer-cell-specific regulators that simultaneously modulate tumor immunity and another oncogenic pathway. Using tumor metabolism as proof-of-principle, BipotentR identified 38 candidate immune-metabolic regulators by combining epigenomes with bulk and single-cell tumor transcriptomes from patients. Inhibition of top candidate ESRRA (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha) killed tumors by direct effects on energy metabolism and two immune mechanisms: (i) cytokine induction, causing proinflammatory macrophage polarization (ii) antigen-presentation stimulation, recruiting CD8+T cells into tumors. ESRRA is activated in immune-suppressive and immunotherapy-resistant tumors of many types, suggesting broad clinical relevance. We also applied BipotentR to angiogenesis and growth-suppressor pathways, demonstrating a widely applicable approach to identify drug targets that act simultaneously through multiple mechanisms. BipotentR is publicly available at http://bipotentr.dfci.harvard.edu/.

One-Sentence SummaryBipotentR identifies targets for bipotent anticancer drugs, as shown by the energy and immune effects of ESRRA inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klomp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicol, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokheim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourajjaj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leenders, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musters, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanten, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelst, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juric, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oubrie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flaherty, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.25.465724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data-driven discovery of targets for bipotent anticancer drugs identifies Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust enhancer-gene regulation identified by single-cell transcriptomes and epigenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.465795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integrating single-cell transcriptomes and epigenomes across diverse cell types can link genes with the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that control expression. Gene co-expression across cell types confounds simple correlation-based analysis and results in high false prediction rates. We developed a procedure that controls for co-expression between genes and integrates multiple molecular modalities, and used it to identify >10,000 gene-CRE pairs that contribute to gene expression programs in different cell types in the mouse brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto-Duarte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivkin, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.25.465795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust enhancer-gene regulation identified by single-cell transcriptomes and epigenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Some rats take more time to make easier perceptual decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When subjects control the duration of sampling a sensory stimulus before making a decision, they generally take more time to make more difficult sensory discriminations. This has been found to be true of many rats performing visual tasks. But two rats performing visual motion discrimination were found to have inverted chronometric response functions: their average response time paradoxically increased with stimulus strength. We hypothesize that corrective decision reversals may underlie this unexpected observation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reinagel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Some rats take more time to make easier perceptual decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of GWAS and TWAS to elucidate the genetic architecture of natural variation for leaf cuticular conductance in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed. Dissecting the genetic architecture of natural variation for maize leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we performed an integrated genome- and transcriptome-wide association study (GWAS/TWAS) to identify candidate genes putatively regulating variation in leaf gc. Of the 22 plausible candidate genes identified, five were predicted to be involved in cuticle precursor biosynthesis and export, two in cell wall modification, nine in intracellular membrane trafficking, and seven in the regulation of cuticle development. A gene encoding an INCREASED SALT TOLERANCE1-LIKE1 (ISTL1) protein putatively involved in intracellular protein and membrane trafficking was identified in GWAS and TWAS as the strongest candidate causal gene. A set of maize nested near-isogenic lines that harbor the ISTL1 genomic region from eight donor parents were evaluated for gc, confirming the association between gc and ISTL1 in a haplotype-based association analysis. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the role of regulatory variants in the development of the maize leaf cuticle, and will ultimately assist breeders to develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.

Sentence summaryWe performed an integrated GWAS/TWAS and identified 22 candidate genes putatively regulating variation in maize leaf gc. The association between gc and the strongest candidate causal gene, ISTL1, was validated with maize nested near-isogenic lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramstein, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgault, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of GWAS and TWAS to elucidate the genetic architecture of natural variation for leaf cuticular conductance in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Syrbactin-class dual constitutive- and immuno-proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 impedes myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in vivo. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.27.466109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteasome-addicted neoplastic malignancies present a considerable refractory and relapsed phenotype with patients exhibiting drug-resistance and high mortality rates. To counter this global problem, novel proteasome-based therapies are being developed. In the current study we extensively characterize TIR-199, a syrbactin-class proteasome inhibitor derived from a plant virulence factor of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. We report that TIR-199 is a potent constitutive and immunoproteasome inhibitor, capable of inducing cell death in multiple myeloma, triple-negative breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer lines, effectively inhibit proteasome in primary myeloma cells of refractory patients, and bypass the PSMB5 A49T+A50V bortezomib-resistant mutant. TIR-199 treatment leads to accumulation of canonical proteasome substrates in cells, it is specific, and does not inhibit 50 other enzymes tested in vitro. The drug exhibits synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with proteasome-activating-kinase DYRK2 inhibitor LDN192960. Furthermore, low dose TIR-199 exhibits in vivo activity in delaying myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in a mouse xenograft model. Together, our data indicates that proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 could indeed be a next generation drug within the repertoire of proteasome-based therapeutics with a potential to target relapsed and refractory proteasome-addicted neoplasia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tandon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vala, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirrung, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.27.466109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Syrbactin-class dual constitutive- and immuno-proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 impedes myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in vivo.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cephalopod Retinal Development Shows Vertebrate-like Mechanisms of Neurogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.28.466353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurogenesis, the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation in the developing nervous system, is the process that underlies the diversity of size and cell type found in animal nervous systems. Our understanding of how this process has evolved is limited because of the lack of high resolution data and live-imaging methods across species. The retina is a classic model for the study of neurogenesis in vertebrates and live-imaging of the retina has shown that during development, progenitor cells are organized in a pseudostratified neuroepithelium and nuclei migrate in coordination with the cell cycle along the apicobasal axis of the cell, a process called interkinetic nuclear migration. Eventually cells delaminate and differentiate within the boundaries of the epithelium. This process has been considered unique to vertebrates and thought to be important in maintaining organization during the development of a complex nervous system. Coleoid cephalopods, including squid, cuttlefish and octopus, have the largest nervous system of any invertebrate and convergently-evolved camera-type eyes, making them a compelling comparative system to vertebrates. Here we have pioneered live-imaging techniques to show that the squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, displays cellular mechanisms during cephalopod retinal neurogenesis that are hallmarks of vertebrate processes. We find that retinal progenitor cells in the squid undergo interkinetic nuclear migration until they exit the cell cycle, we identify retinal organization corresponding to progenitor, post-mitotic and differentiated cells, and we find that Notch signaling regulates this process. With cephalopods and vertebrates having diverged 550 million years ago, these results suggest that mechanisms thought to be unique to vertebrates may be common to highly proliferative neurogenic primordia contributing to a large nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Napoli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaloga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.28.466353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cephalopod Retinal Development Shows Vertebrate-like Mechanisms of Neurogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type 1 diabetes risk genes mediate pancreatic beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beta cells intrinsically contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the genes and molecular processes that mediate beta cell survival in T1D remain largely unknown. We combined high throughput functional genomics and human genetics to identify T1D risk loci regulating genes affecting beta cell survival in response to the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1{beta}, IFN{gamma}, and TNF. We mapped 38,931 cytokine-responsive candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) active in beta cells using ATAC-seq and single nuclear ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq), and linked cytokine-responsive beta cell cCREs to putative target genes using single cell co-accessibility and HiChIP. We performed a genome-wide pooled CRISPR loss-of-function screen in EndoC-{beta}H1 cells, which identified 867 genes affecting cytokine-induced beta cell loss. Genes that promoted beta cell survival and had up-regulated expression in cytokine exposure were specifically enriched at T1D loci, and these genes were preferentially involved in inhibiting inflammatory response, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mitophagy and autophagy. We identified 2,229 variants in cytokine-responsive beta cell cCREs altering transcription factor (TF) binding using high-throughput SNP-SELEX, and variants altering binding of TF families regulating stress, inflammation and apoptosis were broadly enriched for T1D association. Finally, through integration with genetic fine mapping, we annotated T1D loci regulating beta cell survival in cytokine exposure. At the 16p13 locus, a T1D variant affected TF binding in a cytokine-induced beta cell cCRE that physically interacted with the SOCS1 promoter, and increased SOCS1 activity promoted beta cell survival in cytokine exposure. Together our findings reveal processes and genes acting in beta cells during cytokine exposure that intrinsically modulate risk of T1D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgamal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nariai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korgaonkar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newsome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taipale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.29.466025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type 1 diabetes risk genes mediate pancreatic beta cell survival in response to proinflammatory cytokines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Structure and Functional Adaptations of the Yeast Nuclear Pore Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) mediate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Here we provide a structure of the yeast NPC in which the inner ring is resolved by cryo-EM at - helical resolution to show how flexible connectors tie together different structural and functional layers in the spoke. These connectors are targets for phosphorylation and regulated disassembly in cells with an open mitosis. Moreover, some nucleoporin pairs and karyopherins have similar interaction motifs, which suggests an evolutionary and mechanistic link between assembly and transport. We also provide evidence for three major NPC variants that foreshadow functional specializations at the nuclear periphery. Cryo-electron tomography extended these studies to provide a comprehensive model of the in situ NPC with a radially-expanded inner ring. Our model reveals novel features of the central transporter and nuclear basket, suggests a role for the lumenal ring in restricting dilation and highlights the structural plasticity required for transport by the NPC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudelman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varberg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltzberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumbart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaspersen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chait, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menendez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludke, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rout, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.29.466335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Structure and Functional Adaptations of the Yeast Nuclear Pore Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective Control of Synaptically-Connected Circuit Elements by All-Optical Synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding percepts, engrams and actions requires methods for selectively modulating synaptic communication between specific subsets of interconnected cells. Here, we develop an approach to control synaptically connected elements using bioluminescent light: Luciferase-generated light, originating from a presynaptic axon terminal, modulates an opsin in its postsynaptic target. Vesicular-localized luciferase is released into the synaptic cleft in response to presynaptic activity, creating a real-time  Optical Synapse. Light production is under experimenter-control by introduction of the small molecule luciferin. Signal transmission across this optical synapse is temporally defined by the presence of both the luciferin and presynaptic activity. We validate synaptic  Interluminescence by multi-electrode recording in cultured neurons and in mice in vivo. Interluminescence represents a powerful approach to achieve synapse-specific and activity-dependent circuit control during behavior in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prakash, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Laurent, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorefeldt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagat, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.29.466531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective Control of Synaptically-Connected Circuit Elements by All-Optical Synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic Cochlear Implantation with and without Electric Stimulation in a Mouse Model Induces Robust Cochlear Influx of CX3CR1+/GFP Macrophages. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCochlear implantation is an effective auditory rehabilitation strategy for those with profound hearing loss, including those with residual low frequency hearing through use of hybrid cochlear implantation techniques. Post-mortem studies demonstrate the nearly ubiquitous presence of intracochlear fibrosis and neo-ossification following cochlear implantation. Current evidence suggests post-implantation intracochlear fibrosis is associated with delayed loss of residual acoustic hearing in hybrid cochlear implant (CI) recipients and may also negatively influence outcomes in traditional CI recipients. This study examined the contributions of surgical trauma, foreign body response and electric stimulation to intracochlear fibrosis and the innate immune response to cochlear implantation and the hierarchy of these contributions.

MethodsNormal hearing CX3CR1+/GFP mice underwent either round window opening (sham), acute CI insertion or chronic CI insertion with no, low- or high-level electric stimulation. Electric stimulation levels were based on neural response telemetry (NRT), beginning post-operative day 7 for 4 hours per day. Subjects (n=3 per timepoint) were sacrificed at 4 hours, 1,4,7,8,11,14 and 21 days. An unimplanted group (n=3) served as controls. Cochleae were harvested at each time-point and prepared for immunohistochemistry with confocal imaging. The images were analyzed to obtain CX3CR1+ macrophage cell number and density in the lateral wall (LW), scala tympani (ST) and Rosenthals canal (RC).

ResultsA ST peri-implant cellular infiltrate and fibrosis occurred exclusively in the chronically implanted groups starting on day 7 with a concurrent infiltration of CX3CR1+ macrophages not seen in the other groups. CX3CR1+ macrophage infiltration was seen in the LW and RC in all experimental groups within the first week, being most prominent in the 3 chronically implanted groups during the second and third week. There were no significant differences in macrophage infiltration related to levels of electric stimulation.

ConclusionsThe cochlear immune response was most prominent in the presence of chronic cochlear implantation, regardless of electric stimulation level. Further, the development of intracochlear ST fibrosis was dependent on the presence of the indwelling CI foreign body. An innate immune response was evoked by surgical trauma alone (sham and acute CI groups) to a lesser degree. These data suggest that cochlear inflammation and intrascalar fibrosis after cochlear implantation are largely dependent on the presence of a chronic indwelling foreign body and are not critically dependent on electrical stimulation. Also, these data support a role for surgical trauma in inciting the initial innate immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Claussen, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vielman Quevedo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostaert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taifur Rahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirk, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirose, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.31.466540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic Cochlear Implantation with and without Electric Stimulation in a Mouse Model Induces Robust Cochlear Influx of CX3CR1+/GFP Macrophages.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective and aggressive bacterial subsets and metabolites modify hepatobiliary inflammation and fibrosis in PSC. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveConflicting microbiota data exist for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and experimental models. Goal: Define complex interactions between resident microbes and their association in PSC patients by studying antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) multi-drug-resistant 2 deficient (mdr2-/-) mice.

DesignWe measured weights, liver enzymes, RNA expression, histological, immunohistochemical and fibrotic biochemical parameters, fecal 16s rRNA gene profiling, and metabolomic endpoints in gnotobiotic and antibiotic-treated SPF mdr2-/- mice and targeted metagenomic analysis in PSC patients.

ResultsGF mdr2-/- mice had exaggerated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with 100% mortality by 8 weeks; early SPF autologous stool transplantation rescued liver-related mortality. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and vancomycin alone accelerated disease in weanling SPF mdr2-/- mice, indicating that vancomycin-sensitive resident microbiota protect against hepatobiliary disease. Vancomycin treatment selectively decreased Lachnospiraceae and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) but expanded Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotics increased cytolysin-expressing E. faecalis and E. coli liver translocation; colonization of gnotobiotic mdr2-/- mice with translocated E. faecalis and E. coli strains accelerated liver inflammation and mortality. Lachnospiraceae colonization of antibiotic pre-treated mdr2-/- mice reduced liver fibrosis, inflammation and translocation of pathobionts, while Lachnospiraceae-produced SCFA decreased fibrosis. Fecal E. faecalis/ Enterobacteriaceae was positively and Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with PSC patients clinical severity Mayo risk scores.

ConclusionsWe identified specific functionally protective and detrimental resident bacterial species in mdr2-/- mice and PSC patients with associated clinical outcomes. These insights may guide personalized targeted therapeutic interventions in PSC patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Awoniyi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meadows, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kummen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thingholm, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schramm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popov, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hov, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartor, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.31.466701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective and aggressive bacterial subsets and metabolites modify hepatobiliary inflammation and fibrosis in PSC.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Initial efficacy determination and resistance profile of anti-Acinetobacter antibiotics, turnercyclamycins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.01.466777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug-resistant Acinetobacter is a challenging, deadly pathogen of increasing prevalence in the US healthcare system. Recently, we described a series of lipopeptides, the turnercyclamycins, which retain potency against Acinetobacter strains that are resistant to the last-line antibiotic, colistin. To further evaluate the potential of turnercyclamycins, we completed mouse efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity studies. These demonstrate that turnercyclamycin A has a pharmacological profile with similarity to other lipopeptides that are in clinical use. Turnercyclamycin A was well tolerated in mice up to 25 mg/kg, and exhibited >99% and >98% reduction in bacterial load compared to vehicle control in a thigh infection model at 25 and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively. This result closely reflected the anticipated effectiveness based upon in vitro activity and was similar to the colistin control. Acinetobacter strains resistant to colistin often harbor the mcr-1 resistance gene. Here, we show that the effectiveness of turnercyclamycins against Escherichia coli is not greatly altered by mcr-1 (0- to 2-fold) whereas there is a 16-fold increase in the colistin minimal inhibitory concentration when mcr-1 is present. These data suggest that turnercyclamycins are suitable for further investigation and optimization as anti-Acinetobacter lead compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haygood, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.01.466777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Initial efficacy determination and resistance profile of anti-Acinetobacter antibiotics, turnercyclamycins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of physiologically relevant photosynthetic energy flows into whole genome models of light-driven metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing photosynthetic productivity is necessary to understand the ecological contributions and biotechnology potential of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Light capture efficiency and photophysiology have long been characterized by measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence dynamics. However, these investigations typically do not consider the metabolic network downstream of light harvesting. In contrast, genome-scale metabolic models capture species-specific metabolic capabilities but have yet to incorporate the rapid regulation of the light harvesting apparatus. Here we combine chlorophyll fluorescence parameters defining photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic yield of absorbed light energy with a metabolic model of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This integration increases the model predictive accuracy regarding growth rate, intracellular oxygen production and consumption, and metabolic pathway usage. Additionally, our simulations recapitulate the link between mitochondrial dissipation of photosynthetically-derived electrons and the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. We use this framework to assess engineering strategies for rerouting cellular resources toward bioproducts. Overall, we present a methodology for incorporating a common, informative data type into computational models of light-driven metabolism for characterization, monitoring and engineering of photosynthetic organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broddrick, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ware, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jallet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peers, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.467239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of physiologically relevant photosynthetic energy flows into whole genome models of light-driven metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Simple Method to Dual Site-Specifically Label a Protein Using Tryptophan Auxotrophic Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Site-specifically labeling proteins with multiple dyes or molecular moieties is an important yet non-trivial task for many research, such as when using Foster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study dynamics of protein conformational change. Many strategies have been devised, but usually done on a case-by-case basis. Expanded genetic code provided a general platform to incorporate non-canonical amino acids (ncAA), which can also enable multiple site-specific labeling, but its technically complicated and not suitable for some applications. Here we present a streamlined method that could enable dual site-specific protein labeling by using a tryptophan auxotroph of Escherichia coli to incorporate a naturally found tryptophan analog, 5-hydroxytryptophan into a recombinant protein. As a demonstration, we incorporated 5-hydroxytryptophan into E. coli release factor 1 (RF1), a protein known to possess two different conformations, and site-specifically attached two different fluorophores, one on 5-hydroxytryptophan and another on a cysteine residue. This method is simple, generally applicable, efficient, and can serve as an alternative way for researchers who want to install an additional labeling site in their proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.467337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Simple Method to Dual Site-Specifically Label a Protein Using Tryptophan Auxotrophic Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-site phosphorylation of yeast Mif2/CENP-C promotes inner kinetochore assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinetochores control eukaryotic chromosome segregation by connecting chromosomal centromeres to spindle microtubules. Duplication of centromeric DNA necessitates kinetochore disassembly and subsequent reassembly on the nascent sisters. To search for a regulatory mechanism that controls the earliest steps of kinetochore assembly, we studied Mif2/CENP-C, an essential basal component. We found that Polo-like kinase (Cdc5) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) phosphorylate the conserved PEST region of Mif2/CENP-C and that this phosphorylation directs inner kinetochore assembly. Mif2 phosphorylation promotes kinetochore assembly in a reconstituted biochemical system, and it strengthens Mif2 localization at centromeres in cells. Disrupting one or more phosphorylation sites in the Mif2-PEST region progressively impairs cellular fitness and sensitizes cells to microtubule poisons. The most severe Mif2-PEST mutations are lethal in cells lacking otherwise non-essential Ctf19 complex factors. These data suggest that multi-site phosphorylation of Mif2/CENP-C is a robust switch that controls inner kinetochore assembly, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinshaw, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.467375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-site phosphorylation of yeast Mif2/CENP-C promotes inner kinetochore assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-induced P-bodies become detrimental and shorten the lifespan of yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.05.467477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is an irreversible process characterized by a progressive loss of homeostasis in cells, which often manifests as protein aggregates. Recently, it has been speculated that aggregates of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) may go through pathological transitions during aging and drive the progression of ageassociated neurodegenerative diseases. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system of aging, we find that P-bodies --an RBP granule that is formed and can be beneficial for cell growth during stress conditions -- naturally form during aging without any external stresses and an increase in P-body intensity is negatively correlated with the future lifespan of yeast cells. When mother cells transfer age-induced P-bodies to daughter cells, the mother cells extend lifespan, while the daughter cells grow poorly, suggesting that these age-induced P-bodies may be directly pathological. Furthermore, we find that suppressing acidification of the cytosol during aging slows down the increase in the intensity of P-body foci and extends lifespan. Our data suggest that acidification of the cytosol may facilitate the pathological transition of RBP granules during aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.05.467477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-induced P-bodies become detrimental and shorten the lifespan of yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.06.467554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of cochlear outer hair cell - type II spiral ganglion afferents with protection from noise-induced hearing loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.06.467554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent feedback circuit projecting to the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) confers protection from noise-induced hearing loss and is generally thought to be driven by inner hair cell (IHC) - type I spiral ganglion afferent (SGN) input. Knockout of the Prph gene (PrphKO) encoding the peripherin type III intermediate filament disrupted the OHC - type II SGN innervation and virtually eliminated MOC - mediated contralateral suppression from noise delivered to the opposite ear, measured as a reduction in cubic distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Electrical stimulation of the MOC pathway elicited contralateral suppression indistinguishable between wildtype (WT) and PrphKO mice, indicating that the loss of contralateral suppression was not due to disruption of the efferent arm of the circuit; IHC - type I SGN input was also normal, based on auditory brainstem responses. High-intensity, broadband noise (108 dB SPL, 1 hour) produced permanent hearing loss in PrphKO mice, but not in WT littermates. These findings associate OHC-type II input with MOC efferent - based otoprotection at loud sound levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cederholm, J. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parley, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonquieres, G. v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinyon, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julien, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryugo, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Housley, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.06.467554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of cochlear outer hair cell - type II spiral ganglion afferents with protection from noise-induced hearing loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromogranin A plays a crucial role in the age-related development of insulin resistance and hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and hypertension. Young mice that are negative for the neuroendocrine prohormone Chromogranin A (CgA knockout, CgA-KO) display two opposite aging phenotypes: hypertension but heightened insulin sensitivity. We determined these phenotypes in aging CgA mice. In comparison, aging wild-type (WT) mice gradually lost glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, while aging WT mice had increased inflammation with higher plasma TNF-, IFN-{gamma} and CCL2 and increased mitochondrial fission, these phenotypes were the opposite in aging CgA-KO mice. CgA-KO mice also showed increased expression of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded complex I genes, implying that they were healthier than WT mice. Most intriguingly, the hypertension in CgA-KO mice was spontaneously reversed with aging. Supplementation of CgA-KO mice with pancreastatin, a hyperglycemic peptide produced from CgA by proteolysis, increased both blood glucose levels and blood pressure, implicating hyperglycemia, and hypertension. We conclude that age-related insulin resistance and hypertension are caused by CgA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bogaart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromogranin A plays a crucial role in the age-related development of insulin resistance and hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.467836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stromal remodeling regulates dendritic cell abundance and activity in the tumor microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.467836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stimulatory dendritic cells (SDC), enriched within Batf3-DC (cDC1), engage in productive interactions with CD8+ effectors along tumor-stroma boundaries. The paradoxical accumulation of "poised" cross-presenting Batf3-DC within stromal sheets, distal to tumoral nests, is unlikely to simply reflect passive exclusion away from immunosuppressive tumor cores. Drawing parallels with embryonic morphogenesis, we hypothesized that invasive margin stromal remodeling may generate developmentally conserved cell-fate cues that regulate Batf3-DC behavior. We find that CD8+ T-cells massively infiltrate tumor matrices undergoing proteoglycan versican (VCAN) proteolysis, an essential organ-sculpting modification in development and adult tissue-plane forging. VCAN proteolysis releases a bioactive fragment (matrikine), versikine, that is necessary and sufficient for Batf3-DC accumulation. Versikine does not influence tumor-seeding pre-DC differentiation; rather, it orchestrates a distinctive activation program conferring exquisite sensitivity to DNA-sensing, coupled with survival support from atypical innate lymphoid cells. Thus, homeostatic signals from stroma invasion regulate SDC survival and activity to promote T- cell inflammation.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LITumor stroma remodeling generates cross-presenting DC survival and activation cues.
C_LIO_LIStromal-activated Batf3-DC are hypersensitive to dsDNA-sensing.
C_LIO_LIStromal signals promote atypical innate lymphoid cells (GM-CSFhi/ IFN{gamma}lo).
C_LIO_LIT-cell repriming by stroma-licensed Batf3-DC may overcome exclusion at tumor margins.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papadas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deb, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Officer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hope, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmerich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagenkopf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matkowskyj, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asimakopoulos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.467836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stromal remodeling regulates dendritic cell abundance and activity in the tumor microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time motion monitoring improves functional MRI data quality in infants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging the infant brain with MRI has improved our understanding of early stages of neurodevelopment. However, head motion during MRI acquisition is detrimental to both functional and structural MRI scan quality. Though infants are commonly scanned while asleep, they commonly exhibit motion during scanning, causing data loss. Our group has shown that providing MRI technicians with real-time motion estimates via Framewise Integrated Real-Time MRI Monitoring (FIRMM) software helps obtain high-quality, low motion fMRI data. By estimating head motion in real time and displaying motion metrics to the MR technician during an fMRI scan, FIRMM can improve scanning efficiency. Hence, we compared average framewise displacement (FD), a proxy for head motion, and the amount of usable fMRI data (FD [&le;] 0.2mm) in infants scanned with (n = 407) and without FIRMM (n = 295). Using a mixed-effects model, we found that the addition of FIRMM to current state-of-the-art infant scanning protocols significantly increased the amount of usable fMRI data acquired per infant, demonstrating its value for research and clinical infant neuroimaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Andrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenley, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirro, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yacoub, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elison, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fair, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time motion monitoring improves functional MRI data quality in infants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.12.468361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wnt5A Signaling Blocks Progression of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.12.468361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visceral Leishmaniasis, caused by L. donovani infection is fatal if left untreated. The intrinsic complexity of visceral leishmaniasis complicated further by the increasing emergence of drug resistant L. donovani strains warrants fresh investigations into host defense schemes that counter infections. Accordingly, using a mouse model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis we explored the utility of host Wnt5A in restraining L. donovani infection, using both antimony sensitive and antimony resistant L. donovani strains. We found that Wnt5A heterozygous (Wnt5A +/-) mice are more susceptible to L. donovani infection than their wild type (Wnt5A +/+) counterparts as depicted by the respective Leishman Donovan Units (LDU) enumerated from the liver and spleen harvested from infected mice. Higher LDU in Wnt5A +/-mice correlated with increased level of plasma gammaglobulin, liver granuloma and disorganization of splenic germinal centers. Progression of infection in mice by both antimony sensitive and antimony resistant strains of L. donovani could be prevented by activation of Wnt5A signaling as evident from the lowered LDU and gammaglobulin level, and intactness of splenic germinal centers through intravenous administration of rWnt5A prior to L. donovani infection. Wnt5A mediated blockade of L. donovani infection correlated with the preservation of splenic macrophages and activated T cells, and a TH1 like cytokine thrust. Taken together our results indicate that depletion of Wnt5A promotes susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis and revamping Wnt5A signaling in the host is able to curb L. donovani infection irrespective of antimony sensitivity or resistance and mitigate the progression of visceral leishmaniasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maity, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.12.468361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wnt5A Signaling Blocks Progression of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.12.468428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
#COVIDisAirborne: AI-Enabled Multiscale Computational Microscopy of Delta SARS-CoV-2 in a Respiratory Aerosol 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.12.468428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We seek to completely revise current models of airborne transmission of respiratory viruses by providing never-before-seen atomic-level views of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within a respiratory aerosol. Our work dramatically extends the capabilities of multiscale computational microscopy to address the significant gaps that exist in current experimental methods, which are limited in their ability to interrogate aerosols at the atomic/molecular level and thus ob-scure our understanding of airborne transmission. We demonstrate how our integrated data-driven platform provides a new way of exploring the composition, structure, and dynamics of aerosols and aerosolized viruses, while driving simulation method development along several important axes. We present a series of initial scientific discoveries for the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, noting that the full scientific impact of this work has yet to be realized.

ACM Reference FormatAbigail Dommer1{dagger}, Lorenzo Casalino1{dagger}, Fiona Kearns1{dagger}, Mia Rosenfeld1, Nicholas Wauer1, Surl-Hee Ahn1, John Russo,2 Sofia Oliveira3, Clare Morris1, AnthonyBogetti4, AndaTrifan5,6, Alexander Brace5,7, TerraSztain1,8, Austin Clyde5,7, Heng Ma5, Chakra Chennubhotla4, Hyungro Lee9, Matteo Turilli9, Syma Khalid10, Teresa Tamayo-Mendoza11, Matthew Welborn11, Anders Christensen11, Daniel G. A. Smith11, Zhuoran Qiao12, Sai Krishna Sirumalla11, Michael OConnor11, Frederick Manby11, Anima Anandkumar12,13, David Hardy6, James Phillips6, Abraham Stern13, Josh Romero13, David Clark13, Mitchell Dorrell14, Tom Maiden14, Lei Huang15, John McCalpin15, Christo- pherWoods3, Alan Gray13, MattWilliams3, Bryan Barker16, HarindaRajapaksha16, Richard Pitts16, Tom Gibbs13, John Stone6, Daniel Zuckerman2*, Adrian Mulholland3*, Thomas MillerIII11,12*, ShantenuJha9*, Arvind Ramanathan5*, Lillian Chong4*, Rommie Amaro1*. 2021. #COVIDisAirborne: AI-Enabled Multiscale Computational Microscopy ofDeltaSARS-CoV-2 in a Respiratory Aerosol. In Supercomputing  21: International Conference for High Perfor-mance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14 pages. https://doi.org/finalDOI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dommer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wauer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trifan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brace, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sztain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clyde, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chennubhotla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turilli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo-Mendoza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welborn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christiansen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirumalla, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manby, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandkumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maiden, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCalpin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapaksha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckerman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muholland,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.12.468428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[#COVIDisAirborne: AI-Enabled Multiscale Computational Microscopy of Delta SARS-CoV-2 in a Respiratory Aerosol]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.465585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortex-independent open-loop control of a voluntary orofacial motor action 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.465585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether using our eyes or our hands, we interact with our environment through mobile sensors. The efficient use of these sensory organs implies the ability to track their position; otherwise, perceptual stability and prehension would be profoundly impeded1,2. The nervous system may be informed about the position of a sensory organ via two complementary feedback mechanisms: peripheral reafference (external, sensory feedback) and efference copy (internal feedback)3-6. Yet, the potential contributions of these mechanisms remain largely unexplored. By training rats to place their vibrissae within a predetermined angular range without contact, a task that depends on knowledge of vibrissa position relative to their face, we found that peripheral reafference is not required. The presence of motor cortex is not required either, even in the absence of peripheral reafference. On the other hand, the red nucleus, which receives descending inputs from motor cortex and the cerebellum and projects to facial motoneurons7-10, is critical for the execution of the vibrissa task. All told, our results demonstrate the existence of an open-loop control by an internal model that is sufficient to drive voluntary motion. The internal model is independent of motor cortex and likely contains the cerebellum and associated nuclei.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elbaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ethier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deschenes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.465585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortex-independent open-loop control of a voluntary orofacial motor action]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.467961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extending and using anatomical vocabularies in the Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.467961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) program is a US National Institutes of Health-funded effort to improve our understanding of the neural circuitry of the autonomic nervous system in support of bioelectronic medicine. As part of this effort, the SPARC program is generating multi-species, multimodal data, models, simulations, and anatomical maps supported by a comprehensive knowledge base of autonomic circuitry. To facilitate the organization of and integration across multi-faceted SPARC data and models, SPARC is implementing the FAIR data principles to ensure that all SPARC products are findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. We are therefore annotating and describing all products with a common FAIR vocabulary. The SPARC Vocabulary is built from a set of community ontologies covering major domains relevant to SPARC, including anatomy, physiology, experimental techniques, and molecules. The SPARC Vocabulary is incorporated into tools researchers use to segment and annotate their data, facilitating the application of these ontologies for annotation of research data. However, since investigators perform deep annotations on experimental data, not all terms and relationships are available in community ontologies. We therefore implemented a term management and vocabulary extension pipeline where SPARC researchers may extend the SPARC Vocabulary using InterLex, an online vocabulary management system. To ensure the quality of contributed terms, we have set up a curated term request and review pipeline specifically for anatomical terms involving expert review. Accepted terms are added to the SPARC Vocabulary and, when appropriate, contributed back to community ontologies to enhance autonomic nervous system coverage. Here, we provide an overview of the SPARC Vocabulary, the infrastructure and process for implementing the term management and review pipeline. In an analysis of > 300 anatomical contributed terms, the majority represented composite terms that necessitated combining terms within and across existing ontologies. Although these terms are not good candidates for community ontologies, they can be linked to structures contained within these ontologies. We conclude that the term request pipeline serves as a useful adjunct to community ontologies for annotating experimental data and increases the FAIRness of SPARC data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surles-Zeigler, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sincomb, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bono, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bresnahan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mawe, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tappan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.467961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extending and using anatomical vocabularies in the Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.17.468955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Upregulation of CREB1 and FOXO1 transcription factor pathways in Neuregulin-1 mediated neuroprotection following ischemic stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.17.468955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is growth factor that has been investigated for its neuroprotective properties following ischemic stroke. While NRG-1 has shown significant promise in preventing neuronal damage following stroke, the mechanisms behind its neuroprotective effects are unclear. The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of NRG-1 treatment on ischemia-induced gene expression profiles following a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Rats were sacrificed twelve hours following MCAO and either vehicle or NRG-1 treatment. RNA extracted from the peri-infarct cortex of the brain was hybridized to an Affymetrix Rat Genome 2.0st Microarray Gene Chip. Data were analyzed using the Affymetrix Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC) 4.0 software and the STRING Protein-Protein Interaction Networks database. Our results showed that NRG-1 delivery increased the regulation of pro-survival genes. Most notably, NRG-1 treatment upregulated the CREB1 and FOXO1 transcription factor pathways which are involved in increasing anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation responses and decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress responses, respectively. Luminex multiplex transcription factor assays demonstrated that the activities of CREB1 and FOXO1 were increased by NRG-1 treatment with MCAO. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in NRG-1 mediated neuroprotection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bennett, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surles-Zeigler, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augello, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ako, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodgers, V. G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.17.468955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Upregulation of CREB1 and FOXO1 transcription factor pathways in Neuregulin-1 mediated neuroprotection following ischemic stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.21.469462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-translational modification patterns on β-myosin heavy chain are altered in ischemic and non-ischemic human hearts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.21.469462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation and acetylation of sarcomeric proteins are important for fine-tuning myocardial contractility. Here, we used bottom-up proteomics and label-free quantification to identify novel post-translational modifications (PTMs) on beta-myosin heavy chain ({beta}-MHC) in normal and failing human heart tissues. We report six acetylated lysines and two phosphorylated residues: K34-Ac, K58-Ac, S210-P, K213-Ac, T215-P, K429-Ac, K951-Ac, and K1195-Ac. K951-Ac was significantly reduced in both ischemic and non-ischemic failing hearts compared to non-diseased hearts. Molecular dynamics simulations show that K951-Ac may impact stability of thick filament tail interactions and ultimately myosin head positioning. K58-Ac altered the solvent exposed SH3 domain surface - known for protein-protein interactions - but did not appreciably change motor domain conformation or dynamics under conditions studied. Together, K213-Ac/T215-P altered loop 1s structure and dynamics - known to regulate ADP-release, ATPase activity, and sliding velocity. Our study suggests that {beta}-MHC acetylation levels may be influenced more by the PTM location than the type of heart disease since less protected acetylation sites are reduced in both heart failure groups. Additionally, these PTMs have potential to modulate interactions between {beta}-MHC and other regulatory sarcomeric proteins, ADP-release rate of myosin, flexibility of the S2 region, and cardiac myofilament contractility in normal and heart failure hearts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parvatiyar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landim-Vieira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wacker, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brundage, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regnier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biesiadecki, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.21.469462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-translational modification patterns on β-myosin heavy chain are altered in ischemic and non-ischemic human hearts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-Invasive Skin Sampling Detects Systemically Administered Drugs in Humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinical testing typically relies on invasive blood draws and biopsies. Alternative methods of sample collection are continually being developed to improve patient experience; swabbing the skin is one of the least invasive sampling methods possible. To show that skin swabs in combination with untargeted mass spectrometry (metabolomics) can be used for non-invasive monitoring of an oral drug, we report the kinetics and metabolism of diphenhydramine in healthy volunteers (n=10) over the course of 24 hours in blood and three regions of the skin. Diphenhydramine and its metabolites were observed on the skin after peak plasma levels, varying by compound and skin location, and is an illustrative example of how systemically administered molecules can be detected on the skin surface. The observation of diphenhydramine directly from the skin supports the hypothesis that both parent drug and metabolites can be qualitatively measured from a simple non-invasive swab of the skin surface. The mechanism of the drug and metabolites pathway to the skins surface remains unknown.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepulveda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-Invasive Skin Sampling Detects Systemically Administered Drugs in Humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Milk Exosomes Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Murine Cerebral Cortex Endothelial Cells and Promote Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus and Brain Function in C57BL/6J Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHuman milk contains large amounts of exosomes (MEs) and their regulatory microRNA cargos, whereas infant formulas contain only trace amounts of MEs and microRNAs. Breastfeeding has been implicated in optimal brain development but experimental evidence linking ME intake with brain development is limited.

ObjectivesWe assessed the transport of MEs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and ME accumulation in distinct regions of the brain in brain endothelial cells and suckling mice. We further assessed BME-dependent gene expression profiles and effects on the dendritic complexity of hippocampal granule cells and phenotypes of BME depletion in neonate, juvenile and adult mice.

MethodsThe transfer of MEs across the BBB was assessed by using bovine MEs labeled with FM4-64 or loaded with IRDye-labeled miR-34a in murine brain endothelial bEnd.3 cell monolayers and dual chamber systems, and in wild-type newborn pups fostered to exosome and cargo tracking (ECT) dams that express MEs endogenously labeled with a CD63-eGFP fusion protein for subsequent analysis by serial two-photon tomography and staining with anti-eGFP antibodies. Effects of MEs on gene expression and dendritic architecture of granule cells was analyzed in hippocampi from juvenile mice fed exosome and RNA-depleted (ERD) and exosome and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diets by using RNA-sequencing analysis and Golgi-Cox staining followed by integrated neuronal tracing and morphological analysis of neuronal dendrites, respectively. Spatial learning and severity of kainic acid-induced seizures were assessed in mice fed ERD and ERS diets.

ResultsbEnd.3 cells internalized MEs by using a saturable transport mechanism and secreted miR-34a across the basal membrane. MEs penetrated the entire brain in fostering experiments; major regions of accumulation included the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum. Two hundred ninety-five genes were differentially expressed in hippocampi from male mice fed ERD and ERS diets; high-confidence gene networks included pathways implicated in axon guidance and calcium signaling. Only one gene was differentially expressed in females fed the experimental diets. Juvenile pups fed the ERD diet had reduced dendritic complexity of dentate granule cells in the hippocampus, scored nine-fold lower in the Barnes maze test of spatial learning and memory (P < 0.01), and the severity of seizures was 5-fold higher following kainic acid administration in adult mice fed the ERD diet compared to mice fed the ERS diet (P < 0.01).

ConclusionsMEs cross the BBB and contribute toward optimal neuronal development, spatial learning and memory, and resistance to kainic acid-induced seizures in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebea, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukreet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navazesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CUI, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZEMPLENI, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Milk Exosomes Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier in Murine Cerebral Cortex Endothelial Cells and Promote Dendritic Complexity in the Hippocampus and Brain Function in C57BL/6J Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional profiles of a foliar fungal endophyte (Pestalotiopsis, Ascomycota) and its endohyphal bacterium (Luteibacter, Gammaproteobacteria) in co-culture support sulfur exchange and growth regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.24.469969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated fungi, including diverse Mucoromycota and Dikarya. Pestalotiopsis sp. 9143 is a filamentous ascomycete isolated originally as a foliar endophyte of Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae). It is infected naturally with the endohyphal bacterium Luteibacter sp. 9143, which influences auxin and enzyme production by its fungal host. Previous studies have used transcriptomics to examine similar symbioses between endohyphal bacteria and root-associated fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. However, currently there are no gene expression studies of endohyphal bacteria of Ascomycota, the most species-rich fungal phylum. We developed methods for assessing gene expression by Pestalotiopsis sp. and Luteibacter sp. when grown in co-culture and when each was grown axenically. Our assays showed that the density of Luteibacter sp. in co-culture was greater than in axenic culture, but the opposite was true for the Pestalotiopsis sp. Dual RNA-seq data demonstrate that growing in co-culture modulates developmental and metabolic processes in both the fungus and bacterium, potentially through changes in the balance of organic sulfur via methionine acquisition. Our analyses also suggest an unexpected, potential role of the bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment, expanding current understanding of the scope and dynamics of fungal-bacterial symbioses.

TWEETWhen in co-culture, Luteibacter downregulates motility and upregulates a T6SS. Gene expression changes in its host, Pestalotiopsis, suggest the bacterium impacts fungal cell structure and methionine availability.

IMPORTANCEInteractions between microbes and their hosts have important outcomes for host- and environmental health. Foliar fungal endophytes that infect healthy plants can harbor facultative endosymbionts called endohyphal bacteria, which can influence the outcome of plant-fungus interactions. These bacterial-fungal interactions can be influential but are poorly understood, particularly from a transcriptome perspective. Here, we report on a comparative, dual RNA-seq study examining the gene expression patterns of a foliar fungal endophyte and a facultative endohyphal bacterium when cultured together vs. separately. Our findings support a role for the fungus in providing organic sulfur to the bacterium, potentially through methionine acquisition, and potential involvement of a bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment.

This work adds to the growing body of literature characterizing endohyphal bacterial-fungal interactions, with a focus on a model facultative bacterial-fungal symbiosis in two species-rich lineages, the Ascomycota and Proteobacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spraker, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hockett, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltrus, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.24.469969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional profiles of a foliar fungal endophyte (Pestalotiopsis, Ascomycota) and its endohyphal bacterium (Luteibacter, Gammaproteobacteria) in co-culture support sulfur exchange and growth regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.25.469928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systemic LSD1 inhibition prevents aberrant remodeling of metabolism in obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.25.469928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from lean to obese states involves systemic metabolic remodeling that impacts insulin sensitivity, lipid partitioning, inflammation, and glycemic control. Here, we have taken a pharmacological approach to test the role of a nutrient-regulated chromatin modifier, lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1), in obesity-associated metabolic reprogramming. We show that systemic administration of an LSD1 inhibitor (GSK-LSD1) reduces food intake and body weight, ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in mouse models of obesity. GSK-LSD1 has little effect on systemic metabolism of lean mice, suggesting LSD1 has a context-dependent role in promoting maladaptive changes in obesity. Analysis of insulin target tissues identified white adipose tissue as the major site of insulin sensitization by GSK-LSD1, where it reduces adipocyte inflammation and lipolysis. We demonstrate that GSK-LSD1 reverses NAFLD in a non-hepatocyte-autonomous manner, suggesting an indirect mechanism via inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and subsequent effects on lipid partitioning. Pair-feeding experiments further revealed that effects of GSK-LSD1 on hyperglycemia and NAFLD are not a consequence of reduced food intake and weight loss. These findings suggest that targeting LSD1 could be a strategy for treatment of obesity and its associated complications including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=189 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/469928v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramms, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollow, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordts, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wortham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.25.469928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systemic LSD1 inhibition prevents aberrant remodeling of metabolism in obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted profiling of human extrachromosomal DNA by CRISPR-CATCH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a common mode of oncogene amplification but is challenging to analyze. Here, we present a method for targeted purification of megabase-sized ecDNA by combining in-vitro CRISPR-Cas9 treatment and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of agarose-entrapped genomic DNA (CRISPR-CATCH). We demonstrate strong enrichment of ecDNA molecules containing EGFR, FGFR2 and MYC from human cancer cells. Targeted purification of ecDNA versus chromosomal DNA enabled phasing of genetic variants and provided definitive proof of an EGFRvIII mutation on ecDNA and wild-type EGFR on chromosomal DNA in a glioblastoma neurosphere model. CRISPR-CATCH followed by nanopore sequencing enabled single-molecule ecDNA methylation profiling and revealed hypomethylation of the EGFR promoter on ecDNA compared to the native chromosomal locus in the same cells. Finally, separation of ecDNA species by size and sequencing allowed accurate reconstruction of megabase- sized ecDNA structures with base-pair resolution. CRISPR-CATCH is a new addition to the toolkit for studying focal amplifications in cancer and will accelerate studies aiming to explore the genetic and epigenetic landscapes of ecDNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehkordi, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coruh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenleaf, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted profiling of human extrachromosomal DNA by CRISPR-CATCH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic adolescent exposure to cannabis in mice leads to long-term sex-biased changes in gene expression networks across brain regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During adolescence, frequent and heavy cannabis use can lead to serious adverse health effects and cannabis use disorders (CUD). Rodent models of adolescent exposure to the main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), mimic the behavioral alterations observed in adolescent users. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we treated female and male mice with high doses of THC during early adolescence and assessed their memory and social behaviors in late adolescence. We then profiled the transcriptome of five brain regions involved in cognitive and addiction-related processes. We applied gene coexpression network analysis and identified gene coexpression modules, termed cognitive modules, that simultaneously correlated with THC treatment and memory traits reduced by THC. The cognitive modules were related to endocannabinoid signaling in the female dorsal medial striatum, inflammation in the female ventral tegmental area, and synaptic transmission in the male nucleus accumbens. Moreover, cross-brain region module-module interaction networks uncovered intra- and inter-region molecular circuitries influenced by THC. Lastly, we identified key driver genes of gene networks associated with THC in mice and genetic susceptibility to CUD in humans. This analysis revealed a common regulatory mechanism linked to CUD vulnerability in the nucleus accumbens of females and males, which shared four key drivers (Hapln4, Kcnc1, Elav12, Zcchc12). These genes regulate transcriptional subnetworks implicated in addiction processes, synaptic transmission, brain development, and lipid metabolism. Our study provides novel insights into disease mechanisms regulated by adolescent exposure to THC in a sex- and brain region-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iemolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic adolescent exposure to cannabis in mice leads to long-term sex-biased changes in gene expression networks across brain regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidating the acid-base mechanisms underlying otolith overgrowth in fish exposed to ocean acidification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over a decade ago, ocean acidification (OA) exposure was reported to induce otolith overgrowth in teleost fish. This phenomenon was subsequently confirmed in multiple species; however, the underlying physiological causes remain unknown. Here, we report that splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to ~1,600 atm pCO2 (pH ~7.5) were able to fully regulated the pH of both blood and endolymph (the fluid that surrounds the otolith within the inner ear). However, while blood was regulated around pH 7.80, the endolymph was regulated around pH ~8.30. These different pH setpoints result in increased pCO2 diffusion into the endolymph, which in turn leads to proportional increases in endolymph [HCO3-] and [CO32-]. Endolymph pH regulation despite the increased pCO2 suggests enhanced H+ removal. However, a lack of differences in inner ear bulk and cell-specific Na+/K+-ATPase and vacuolar type H+-ATPase protein abundance localization pointed out to activation of preexisting ATPases, non-bicarbonate pH buffering, or both, as the mechanism for endolymph pH-regulation. These results provide the first direct evidence showcasing the acid-base chemistry of the endolymph of OA-exposed fish favors otolith overgrowth, and suggests that this phenomenon will be more pronounced in species that count with more robust blood and endolymph pH regulatory mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidating the acid-base mechanisms underlying otolith overgrowth in fish exposed to ocean acidification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR gene-drive systems based on Cas9 nickases promote super-Mendelian inheritance in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based gene-drive systems have been proposed for managing insect populations, including disease-transmitting mosquitoes, due to their ability to bias their inheritance towards super-Mendelian rates (>50%). Current technologies employ a Cas9 that introduces DNA double-strand breaks into the opposing wildtype allele to replace it with a copy of the gene drive allele via DNA homology-directed repair. Yet, the use of different Cas9s versions is unexplored, and alternative approaches could increase the available toolkit for gene-drive designs. Here, we report a novel gene-drive approach that relies on Cas9 nickases that generate staggered paired nicks in DNA to propagate the engineered gene-drive cassette. We show that generating 5 overhangs in the system yields efficient allelic conversion. The nickase gene-drive arrangement produces large, stereotyped deletions that are advantageous for targeting essential genes. Indeed, our nickase approach should expand the repertoire for gene-drive designs aimed at applications in mosquitoes and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez del Amo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz Juste, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR gene-drive systems based on Cas9 nickases promote super-Mendelian inheritance in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of modulation of pre-mRNA 3D structural scaffolds for splicing substrate definition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently reported that serine-arginine-rich (SR) protein-mediated pre-mRNA structural remodeling generates a pre-mRNA 3D structural scaffold that is stably recognized by the early spliceosomal components. However, the intermediate steps between the free pre-mRNA and the assembled early spliceosome are not yet characterized. By probing the early spliceosomal complexes in vitro and RNA-protein interactions in vivo, we show that the SR proteins bind the pre-mRNAs cooperatively generating a substrate that recruits U1 snRNP and U2AF65 in a splice signal-independent manner. Excess U1 snRNP selectively displaces some of the SR protein molecules from the pre-mRNA generating the substrate for splice signal-specific, sequential recognition by U1 snRNP, U2AF65, and U2AF35. Our work thus identifies a novel function of U1 snRNP in mammalian splicing substrate definition, explains the need for excess U1 snRNP compared to other U snRNPs in vivo, demonstrates how excess SR proteins could inhibit splicing, and provides a conceptual basis to examine if this mechanism of splicing substrate definition is employed by other splicing regulatory proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of modulation of pre-mRNA 3D structural scaffolds for splicing substrate definition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.470978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secreted ORF8 is a pathogenic cause of severe Covid-19 and potentially targetable with select NLRP3 inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.470978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in blood cancer patients, especially those on immunosuppressive therapy. Despite extensive research, the specific factor associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection that mediates the life-threatening inflammatory cytokine response in patients with severe COVID-19 remains unidentified. Herein we demonstrate that the virus-encoded Open Reading Frame 8 (ORF8) protein is abundantly secreted as a glycoprotein in vitro and in symptomatic patients with COVID-19. ORF8 specifically binds to the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) in CD14+ monocytes to induce a non-canonical inflammasomal response, and a canonical response when the second activation signal is present. Levels of ORF8 protein in the blood correlate with severity and disease-specific mortality in patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the ORF8-induced inflammasome response was readily inhibited by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 in vitro. Our study identifies a dominant cause of pathogenesis, its underlying mechanism, and a potential new treatment for severe COVID-19.

Key pointsO_LISecreted glycoprotein ORF8 induces monocytic pro-inflammatory cytokines involving the activation of the NLPR3 inflammasome pathway.
C_LIO_LIORF8 is prognostically present in the blood of symptomatic patients with covid-19 and is targetable with NLRP3 inhibitor MCC-950.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manske, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abeykoon, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witter, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taupin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paludo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badley, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witzig, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.470978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secreted ORF8 is a pathogenic cause of severe Covid-19 and potentially targetable with select NLRP3 inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced Dimension, Biophysical Neuron Models Constructed From Observed Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using methods from nonlinear dynamics and interpolation techniques from applied mathematics, we show how to use data alone to construct discrete time dynamical rules that forecast observed neuron properties. These data may come from from simulations of a Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron model or from laboratory current clamp experiments. In each case the reduced dimension data driven forecasting (DDF) models are shown to predict accurately for times after the training period.

When the available observations for neuron preparations are, for example, membrane voltage V(t) only, we use the technique of time delay embedding from nonlinear dynamics to generate an appropriate space in which the full dynamics can be realized.

The DDF constructions are reduced dimension models relative to HH models as they are built on and forecast only observables such as V(t). They do not require detailed specification of ion channels, their gating variables, and the many parameters that accompany an HH model for laboratory measurements, yet all of this important information is encoded in the DDF model.

As the DDF models use only voltage data and forecast only voltage data, they can be used in building networks with biophysical connections. Both gap junction connections and ligand gated synaptic connections among neurons involve presynaptic voltages and induce postsynaptic voltage response. Biophysically based DDF neuron models can replace other reduced dimension neuron models, say of the integrate-and-fire type, in developing and analyzing large networks of neurons.

When one does have detailed HH model neurons for network components, a reduced dimension DDF realization of the HH voltage dynamics may be used in network computations to achieve computational efficiency and the exploration of larger biological networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clark, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abarbanel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.471194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced Dimension, Biophysical Neuron Models Constructed From Observed Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.04.471113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new substrate triggers susceptibility by uncoupling a bacterial multidrug resistance efflux pump 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.04.471113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small multidrug resistance (SMR) transporters contribute to antibiotic resistance through proton-coupled efflux of toxic compounds from the bacterial cytoplasm. Previous biophysical studies of the E. coli SMR transporter EmrE suggested that it should also be capable of performing proton/toxin symport or uniport, leading to toxin susceptibility rather than resistance in vivo. Here we show EmrE does confer susceptibility to several newly characterized small-molecule substrates in E. coli, including harmane. In vitro experiments show that harmane binding to EmrE triggers uncoupled proton uniport and this protein-mediated dissipation of the transmembrane pH gradient underlies the in vivo phenotype. This leads to synergy with some existing antibiotics, such as kanamycin. Furthermore, this shows that it is possible to not just inhibit multidrug efflux but activate alternative transport modes that are detrimental to bacterial growth and metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spreacker, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeninga, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brousseau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibbs, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henzler-Wildman, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.04.471113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new substrate triggers susceptibility by uncoupling a bacterial multidrug resistance efflux pump]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic conversion of a split-drive into a full-drive element 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene-drive systems offer an important new avenue for spreading beneficial traits into wild populations. Their core components, Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA), can either be linked within a single cassette (full gene drive, fGD) or provided in two separate elements (split gene drive, sGD) wherein the gRNA-bearing element drives in the presence of an independent static source of Cas9. We previously designed a system engineered to turn split into full gene drives. Here, we provide experimental proof-of-principle for such a convertible system inserted at the spo11 locus, which is recoded to restore gene function. In multigenerational cage studies, the reconstituted spo11 fGD cassette initially drives with slower kinetics than the unlinked sGD element (using the same Mendelian vasa-Cas9 source), but eventually reaches a similar level of final introgression. Different kinetic behaviors may result from transient fitness costs associated with individuals co-inheriting Cas9 and gRNA transgenes during the drive process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terradas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.05.471291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic conversion of a split-drive into a full-drive element]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.471174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tailer: A Pipeline for Sequencing-Based Analysis of Non-Polyadenylated RNA 3' End Processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.471174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-transcriptional trimming and tailing of RNA 3 ends play key roles in the processing and quality control of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, bioinformatic tools to examine changes in the RNA 3 "tailome" are sparse and not standardized. Here we present Tailer, a bioinformatic pipeline in two parts that allows for robust quantification and analysis of tail information from next generation sequencing experiments that preserve RNA 3 end information. The first part of Tailer, Tailer-Processing, uses genome annotation or reference FASTA gene sequences to quantify RNA 3 ends from SAM-formatted alignment files or FASTQ sequence read files produced from sequencing experiments. The second part, Tailer-Analysis, uses the output of Tailer-Processing to identify statistically significant RNA targets of trimming and tailing and create graphs for data exploration. We apply Tailer to RNA 3 end sequencing experiments from three published studies and find that it accurately and reproducibly recapitulates key findings. Thus, Tailer should be a useful and easily accessible tool to globally investigate tailing dynamics of non-polyadenylated RNAs and conditions that perturb them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicholson-Shaw, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykke-Andersen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.06.471174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tailer: A Pipeline for Sequencing-Based Analysis of Non-Polyadenylated RNA 3' End Processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.471495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-dependent aggregation of ribosomal RNA-binding proteins links deterioration in chromatin stability with loss of proteostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.471495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin instability and loss of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are two well-established hallmarks of aging, which have been considered largely independent of each other. Using microfluidics and single-cell imaging approaches, we observed that, during the replicative aging of S.cerevisiae, proteostasis decline occurred specifically in the fraction of cells with decreased stability at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region. A screen of 170 yeast RNA-binding proteins identified ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- binding proteins as the most enriched group that aggregate upon a decrease in rDNA stability. We further found that loss of rDNA stability contributes to age-dependent aggregation of rRNA-binding proteins through aberrant overproduction of rRNAs. These aggregates negatively impact nucleolar integrity and global proteostasis and hence limit cellular lifespan. Our findings reveal a mechanism underlying the interconnection between chromatin instability and proteostasis decline and highlight the importance of cell-to-cell variability in aging processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paxman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Laughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holness, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stasiowski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.06.471495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-dependent aggregation of ribosomal RNA-binding proteins links deterioration in chromatin stability with loss of proteostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microneedle-mediated intratumoral delivery of anti-CTLA-4 promotes cDC1-dependent eradication of oral squamous cell carcinoma with limited irAEs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.471658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) ranks 6th in cancer incidence worldwide and has a five-year survival rate of only 63%. Immunotherapies - principally immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies that restore endogenous antitumor T-cell immunity - offer the greatest promise for HNSCC treatment. Anti-PD-1 has been recently approved for first line treatment of recurrent and metastatic HNSCC; however less than 20% of patients show clinical benefit and durable responses. In addition, the clinical application of ICI has been limited by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) consequent to compromised peripheral immune tolerance. Although irAEs are often reversible, they can become severe, prompting premature therapy termination or becoming life-threatening. To address the irAEs inherent to systemic ICI therapy, we developed a novel, local delivery strategy based upon an array of soluble microneedles (MN). Using our recently reported syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine HNSCC model, we found that both systemic and local-MN anti-CTLA-4 therapy lead to >90% tumor response, which is dependent on CD8 T cells and conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1). However, local-MN delivery limited the distribution of anti-CTLA-4 antibody from areas distal to draining lymphatic basins. Employing Foxp3-GFPDTR transgenic mice to interrogate irAEs in vivo, we found that local-MN delivery of anti-CTLA-4 protects animals from irAEs observed with systemic therapy. Taken together, our findings support the exploration of MN-intratumoral ICI delivery as a viable strategy for HNSCC treatment with reduced irAEs, and the opportunity to target cDC1s as part of multimodal treatment options to boost ICI therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilardi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saddawi-Konefka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffen, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proietto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharabi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rueda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollern, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.471658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microneedle-mediated intratumoral delivery of anti-CTLA-4 promotes cDC1-dependent eradication of oral squamous cell carcinoma with limited irAEs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directional Tuning of Phase Precession Properties in the Hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Running direction in the hippocampus is encoded by rate modulations of place field activity but also by spike timing correlations known as theta sequences. Whether directional rate codes and the directionality of place field correlations are related, however, has so far not been explored and therefore the nature of how directional information is encoded in the cornu ammonis remains unresolved. Here, using a previously published dataset that contains the spike activity of rat hippocampal place cells in the CA1, CA2 and CA3 subregions during free foraging of male Long-Evans rats in a 2D environment, we found that rate and spike timing codes are related. Opposite to a place fields preferred firing rate direction spikes are more likely to undergo theta phase precession and, hence, more strongly impact paired correlations. Furthermore, we identified a subset of field pairs whose theta correlations are intrinsic in that they maintain the same firing order when the running direction is reversed. Both effects are associated with differences in theta phase distributions, and are more prominent in CA3 than CA1. We thus hypothesize that intrinsic spiking is most prominent when the directionally modulated sensory-motor drive of hippocampal firing rates is minimal, suggesting that extrinsic and intrinsic sequences contribute to phase precession as two distinct mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yiu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directional Tuning of Phase Precession Properties in the Hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.472024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TIMSCONVERT: A workflow to convert trapped ion mobility data to open data formats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.472024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryAdvances in mass spectrometry instrumentation have led to the development of mass spectrometers with ion mobility separation (IMS) capabilities and dual source instrumentation, but the current software ecosystem lacks interoperability with downstream data analysis using open-source software/pipelines. Here, we present TIMSCONVERT, a data conversion workflow from timsTOF fleX MS raw data files to size conscious mzML and imzML formats with minimal preprocessing to allow for compatibility with downstream data analysis tools, which we showcase with several examples using data acquired across different experiments and acquisition modalities on the timsTOF fleX.

Availability and ImplementationTIMSCONVERT and its documentation can be found at https://github.com/gtluu/timsconvert and is available as a standalone command line interface, Nextflow workflow, and online in the Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) platform (https://proteomics2.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/index.jsp?params={%22workflow%22%3A%20%22TIMSCONVERT%22}).

ContactMingxun Wang, miw023@ucsd.edu

Supplementary InformationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luu, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lizama-Chamu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCaughey, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.472024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TIMSCONVERT: A workflow to convert trapped ion mobility data to open data formats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.470456v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and synthesis of hydroxy-L-proline based blockers of the neutral amino acid transporters SLC1A4 (ASCT1) and SLC1A5 (ASCT2). 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.470456v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conformationally restricted heterocycle hydroxy-L-proline is a versatile scaffold for the synthesis of diverse multi-functionalized pyrrolidines for probing the ligand binding sites of biological targets. With the goal to develop new inhibitors of the widely expressed amino acid transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 (also known as ASCT1 and ASCT2), we synthesized and functionally screened a series of hydroxy-L-proline derivatives or  prolinols using electrophysiological and radio-labeled uptake assays on amino acid transporters from the SLC1, SLC7, and SLC38 solute carrier families. We identified a number of synthetic prolinols that act as selective high-affinity inhibitors of the SLC1 functional subfamily comprising the neutral amino acid transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5. The active and inactive prolinols were computationally docked into a threaded homology model and analyzed with respect to predicted molecular orientation and observed pharmacological activity. The series of hydroxy-L-proline derivatives identified here represents a new class of potential agents to pharmacologically modulate SLC1A4 and SLC1A5, amino acid exchangers that play important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kavanaugh, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyda, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leary, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvius, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natale, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esslinger, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaver, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farnsworth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.470456</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and synthesis of hydroxy-L-proline based blockers of the neutral amino acid transporters SLC1A4 (ASCT1) and SLC1A5 (ASCT2).]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reference induced pluripotent stem cell line for large-scale collaborative studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are a powerful tool for studying development and disease, but the considerable phenotypic variation between lines makes it challenging to replicate key findings and integrate data across research groups. To address this issue, we sub-cloned candidate iPSC lines and deeply characterised their genetic properties using whole genome sequencing, their genomic stability upon CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, and their phenotypic properties including differentiation to commonly-used cell types. These studies identified KOLF2.1J as an all-around well-performing iPSC line. We then shared KOLF2.1J with groups around the world who tested its performance in head-to-head comparisons with their own preferred iPSC lines across a diverse range of differentiation protocols and functional assays. On the strength of these findings, we have made KOLF2.1J and hundreds of its gene-edited derivative clones readily accessible to promote the standardization required for large-scale collaborative science in the stem cell field.

SummaryThe authors of this collaborative study deeply characterized human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines to rationally select a clonally-derived cell line that performs well across multiple modalities. KOLF2.1J was identified as a candidate reference cell line based on single-cell analysis of its gene expression in the pluripotent state, whole genome sequencing, genomic stability after highly efficient CRISPR-mediated gene editing, integrity of the p53 pathway, and the efficiency with which it differentiated into multiple target cell populations. Since it is deeply characterized and can be readily acquired, KOLF2.1J is an attractive reference cell line for groups working with iPSCs.

Graphical abstract

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<dc:creator>Pantazis, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonough, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blauwendraat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oguro, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebesta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blockwick, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinner-Bibeau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medura, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tompkins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faghri, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalls, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitale, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stadler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papademetriou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, L. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirwan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisupati, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholz, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coccia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarrafha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahfeldt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosco, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanellati, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basundra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Des</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reference induced pluripotent stem cell line for large-scale collaborative studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A practical guide for generating unsupervised, spectrogram-based latent space representations of animal vocalizations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The manual detection, analysis, and classification of animal vocalizations in acoustic recordings is laborious and requires expert knowledge. Hence, there is a need for objective, generalizable methods that detect underlying patterns in these data, categorize sounds into distinct groups, and quantify similarities between them. Among all computational methods that have been proposed to accomplish this, neighborhood-based dimensionality reduction of spectrograms to produce a latent-space representation of calls stands out for its conceptual simplicity and effectiveness. Using a dataset of manually annotated meerkat (Suricata suricatta) vocalizations, we demonstrate how this method can be used to obtain meaningful latent space representations that reflect the established taxonomy of call types. We analyze strengths and weaknesses of the proposed approach, give recommendations for its usage and show application examples, such as the classification of ambiguous calls and the detection of mislabeled calls. All analyses are accompanied by example code to help researchers realize the potential of this method for the study of animal vocalizations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averly, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demartsev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manser, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sainburg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strandburg-Peshkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A practical guide for generating unsupervised, spectrogram-based latent space representations of animal vocalizations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.473393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrical activity between skin cells regulates melanoma initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.473393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenes can only initiate tumors in certain cellular contexts, which is referred to as oncogenic competence. In melanoma, whether cells in the microenvironment can endow such competence remains unclear. Using a combination of zebrafish transgenesis coupled with human tissues, we demonstrate that GABAergic signaling between keratinocytes and melanocytes promotes melanoma initiation by BRAFV600E. GABA is synthesized in melanoma cells, which then acts on GABA-A receptors on keratinocytes. Electron microscopy demonstrates synapse-like structures between keratinocytes and melanoma cells, and multi-electrode array analysis shows that GABA acts to inhibit electrical activity in melanoma/keratinocyte co-cultures. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of GABA synthesis abrogates melanoma initiation in vivo. These data suggest that electrical activity across the skin microenvironment determines the ability of oncogenes to initiate melanoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tagore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hergenreder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melendez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollmann, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Studer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.473393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrical activity between skin cells regulates melanoma initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ORA47 is a transcriptional regulator of a general stress response hub 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulators of general stress response (GSR) reprogram expression of selected genes to transduce informational signals into cellular events, ultimately manifested in plants ability to cope with environmental challenges. Identification of the core GSR regulatory proteins will uncover the principal modules and their mode of action in the establishment of adaptive responses. To define the GSR regulatory components, we employed a yeast-one-hybrid assay to identify the protein(s) that binds to the previously established functional GSR motif, coined Rapid Stress Response Element (RSRE). This led to the isolation of ORA47 (octadecanoid-responsive AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor 47), a Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) inducible protein. Subsequently, the ORA47 transcriptional activity was confirmed using RSRE-driven Luciferase (LUC) activity assay performed in the ORA47 loss- and gain-of-function lines introgressed into the 4xRSRE::Luc background. In addition, the prime contribution of CALMODULIN-BINDING TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR3 (CAMTA3) protein in induction of RSRE was reaffirmed by genetic studies. Moreover, exogenous application of MeJA led to enhanced levels of ORA47 and CAMTA3 transcripts, and the induction of RSRE::LUC activity. Metabolic analyses illustrated the reciprocal functional inputs of ORA47 and CAMTA3 in increasing JA levels. Lastly, transient assays identified JASMONATE ZIM-domain1 (JAZ1) as a repressor of RSRE::LUC activity.

Collectively, the report provides a fresh insight into the initial mechanistic features of transducing the informational signals into adaptive responses in part via the complex functional interplay between JA biosynthesis/signaling cascade and the transcriptional reprogramming necessary for potentiation of GSR, while offering a window into the role of intraorganellar communication in the establishment of adaptive responses.

SignificanceThe work unmasks the initial mechanistic features of adaptive responses that include tight cooperativity between JA biosynthesis and signaling cascade and the nuclear transcriptional machinery comprised of two activators (CAMTA3 and ORA47) and a suppressor JAZ1). The work further identifies CAMTA3 as a functional link between JA signaling and activation of a general stress transcriptional hub.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruneda-Paz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehesh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ORA47 is a transcriptional regulator of a general stress response hub]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intramolecular interactions enhance the potency of gallinamide A analogs against Trypanosoma cruzi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gallinamide A, a metabolite of the marine cyanobacterium Schizothrix sp., selectively inhibits cathepsin L-like cysteine proteases. We evaluated potency of gallinamide A and 23 synthetic analogs against intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes and the cysteine protease, cruzain. We determined the co-crystal structures of cruzain with gallinamide A and two synthetic analogs at [~]2[A]. SAR data revealed that the N-terminal end of gallinamide A is loosely bound and weakly contributes in drug-target interactions. At the C-terminus, the intramolecular {pi}-{pi} stacking interactions between the aromatic substituents at P1 and P1 restrict the bioactive conformation of the inhibitors, thus minimizing the entropic loss associated with target binding. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that in the absence of an aromatic group at P1, the substituent at P1 interacts with tryptophan-184. The P1-P1 interactions had no effect on anti-cruzain activity whereas anti-T. cruzi potency increased by [~]5-fold, likely due to an increase in solubility/permeability of the analogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Da Silva, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Alvarez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoye, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKerrow, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podust, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intramolecular interactions enhance the potency of gallinamide A analogs against Trypanosoma cruzi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.471999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell RNA-seq identifies developing corneal cell fates in the human cornea organoid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.471999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cornea is a protective and refractive barrier in the eye crucial for vision. Understanding the human cornea in health, disease and cell-based treatments can be greatly advanced with cornea organoids developed in culture from induced pluripotent stem cells. While a limited number of studies have investigated the single-cell transcriptomic composition of the human cornea, its organoids have not been examined similarly. Here we elucidated the transcriptomic cell fate map of 4 month-old human cornea organoids and the central cornea from three donors. The organoids harbor cell clusters representing corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium with sub populations that capture signatures of early developmental states. Unlike the adult cornea where the largest cell population is stromal, the organoids develop almost equal proportion of the three major cell types. These corneal organoids offer a three-dimensional platform to model corneal diseases and integrated responses of the different cell types to treatments.

TeaserTranscriptomic Map of Cornea Organoid and Human Cornea
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maiti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha Monteiro de Barros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roshan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahlin, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.471999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell RNA-seq identifies developing corneal cell fates in the human cornea organoid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.473965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crosstalk between biochemical signaling and trafficking determines AMPAR dynamics in synaptic plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.473965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic plasticity involves the modification of both biochemical and structural components of neurons. Many studies have revealed that the change in the number density of the glutamatergic receptor AMPAR at the synapse is proportional to synaptic weight update; increase in AMPAR corresponds to strengthening of synapses while decrease in AMPAR density weakens synaptic connections. The dynamics of AMPAR are thought to be regulated by upstream signaling, primarily the calcium-CaMKII pathway, trafficking to and from the synapse, and influx from extrasynaptic sources. Here, we have developed a set of models using compartmental ordinary differential equations to systematically investigate contributions of signaling and trafficking variations on AMPAR dynamics at the synaptic site. We find that the model properties including network architecture and parameters significantly affect the integration of fast upstream species by slower downstream species. Furthermore, we predict that the model outcome, as determined by bound AMPAR at the synaptic site, depends on (a) the choice of signaling model (bistable CaMKII or monostable CaMKII dynamics), (b) trafficking versus influx contributions, and (c) frequency of stimulus. Therefore, AMPAR dynamics can have unexpected dependencies when upstream signaling dynamics (such as CaMKII and PP1) are coupled with trafficking modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.473965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crosstalk between biochemical signaling and trafficking determines AMPAR dynamics in synaptic plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systemic influences of mammary cancer on monocytes in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.24.474104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a growing body of evidence that cancer causes systemic changes. These influences are most evident in the bone marrow and blood, particularly the myeloid compartment. Here we show using mouse models of breast cancer caused by the mammary epithelial expression of the Polyoma middle T antigen that there is an increase in the number of circulating and splenic monocytes. In the circulation, cancer does not affect ratios of classical to non-classical populations monocytes nor their halflives. Single cell RNA sequencing also indicates that cancer does not induce any new monocyte populations. In the bone marrow cancer does not change monocytic progenitor number is unaffected but the proliferation rate of monocytes is higher thus providing an explanation for expansion in the circulating number. Deep RNA sequencing of these monocytic populations reveals cancer causes changes in the classical monocyte compartment with changes evident in bone marrow monocytes but more in the blood suggesting influences in both compartments. Down regulation of interferon type 1 signalling and antigen presentation were the most prominent. Consistent with this analysis down regulated genes are enriched with STAT1/STAT2 binding sites in their promoter, transcription factors required for type 1 interferon signalling. However, these transcriptome changes in mice did not replicate those found in patients with breast cancer. Consequently, mouse models of cancer may be insufficient to study the systemic influences of human cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louwe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skola, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batada, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassetta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.24.474104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systemic influences of mammary cancer on monocytes in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogeographic analysis reveals an ancient East African origin of the human herpes simplexvirus 2 dispersal out-of-Africa. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a globally ubiquitous, slow evolving DNA virus. HSV-2 genomic diversity can be divided into two main groups: an African lineage and worldwide lineage. Competing hypotheses have been put forth to explain the history of HSV-2. HSV-2 may have originated in Africa and then followed the first wave of human migration out of Africa between 50-100 kya. Alternatively, HSV-2 may have migrated out of Africa via the trans-Atlantic slave trade within the last 150-500 years. The lack of HSV-2 genomes from West and Central Africa, combined with a lack of molecular clock signal in HSV-2 has precluded robust testing of these competing hypotheses. Here, we expand the geographic sampling of HSV-2 genomes in order to resolve the geography and timing of divergence events within HSV-2. We analyze 65 newly sequenced HSV-2 genomes collected from primarily West and Central Africa along with 330 previously published genomes sampled over a 47-year period. Evolutionary simulations confirm that the molecular clock in HSV-2 is too slow to be detected using available data. However, phylogeographic analysis indicates that all biologically plausible evolutionary rates would place the ancestor of the worldwide lineage in East Africa, arguing against the trans-Atlantic slave trade as the source of worldwide diversity. The best supported evolutionary rates between 4.2x10-8 and 5.6x10-8 substitutions/site/year suggest a most recent common ancestor for HSV-2 around 90-120 kya and initial dispersal around 21.9-29.3 kya. These dates suggest HSV-2 left Africa during subsequent waves of human migration out of East Africa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Havens, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvignac-Spencer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merkel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutolleau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.03.474822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogeographic analysis reveals an ancient East African origin of the human herpes simplexvirus 2 dispersal out-of-Africa.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calculation of centralities in protein kinase A 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topological analysis of amino acid networks is a common method that can help to understand the roles of individual residues. The most popular approach for network construction is to create a connection between residues if they interact. These interactions are usually weighted by absolute values of correlation coefficients or mutual information. Here we argue that connections in such networks have to reflect levels of cohesion within the protein instead of a simple fact of interaction between residues. If this is correct, an indiscriminate combination of correlation and anti-correlation, as well as the all-inclusive nature of the mutual information metrics, should be detrimental for the analysis. To test our hypothesis, we studied amino acid networks of the protein kinase A created by Local Spatial Pattern alignment, a method that can detect conserved patterns formed by C-C{beta} vectors. Our results showed that, in comparison with the traditional methods, this approach is more efficient in detecting functionally important residues. Out of four studied centrality metrics, Closeness centrality was the least efficient measure of residue importance. Eigenvector centrality proved to be ineffective as the spectral gap values of the networks were very low due to the bilobal structure of the kinase. We recommend using joint graphs of Betweenness centrality and Degree centrality to visualize different aspects of amino acid roles.

Author Summary

Protein structures can be viewed as networks of residues with some of them being a part of highly interconnected hubs and some being connectors between the hubs. Analysis of these networks can be helpful for understanding of possible roles of single amino acids. In this paper, we challenged existing methods for the creation of such networks. A traditional way is to connect residues if they can interact. We propose that residues should be connected only if they retain their mutual positions in space during molecular dynamic simulation, that is they move cohesively. We show that this approach improves the efficiency of the analysis indicating that a significant revision of the existing views on amino acid networks is necessary.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kornev, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.03.474877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calculation of centralities in protein kinase A]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.474998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating Human Mutation Databases for 'Treatability' Using Personalized Antisense Oligonucleotides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.474998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome sequencing in the clinic often allows patients to receive a molecular diagnosis. However, variants are most often evaluated for pathogenicity, neglecting potential "treatability", and thus often yielding limited clinical benefit. Several collaborative efforts now aim to provide a therapy based upon the genetic variants, even if the drug will benefit only a single patient. Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies, among others, offer attractive "programmable" and relatively safe platforms for individualized therapy. The landscape of "ASO-treatable" variants is largely uncharted, with new developments emerging for loss-of-function (LOF), haploinsufficient, and gain-of-function (GOF) variants. ASOs can access the genome to target splice-gain variants, poison exons, untranslated/regulatory regions, and naturally-occurring antisense transcripts. Many of these approaches have yet to be proven clinically beneficial, and it is unclear if disease in some patients has progressed past the point where benefit could reasonably be expected. Here we mine public variant databases to identify potential future therapeutic targets. We found that the majority of human pathogenic genetic variants have one or more approaches that could be targeted therapeutically, advantaging the many ways that ASOs can regulate gene expression. The future might see medical teams considering "treatability" when interpreting genome sequencing results, to fully realize benefits for patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.04.474998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating Human Mutation Databases for 'Treatability' Using Personalized Antisense Oligonucleotides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.475006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards transboundary networks of climate-smart marine reserves in the Southern California Bight 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.04.475006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate-smart conservation addresses the vulnerability of biodiversity to climate change impacts but may require transboundary considerations. Here, we adapt and refine 16 biophysical guidelines for climate-smart marine reserves for the transboundary California Bight ecoregion. We link several climate-adaptation strategies (e.g., maintaining connectivity, representing climate refugia, and forecasting effectiveness of protection) by focusing on kelp forests and associated species. We quantify transboundary larval connectivity along [~]800 km of coast and find that the number of connections and the average density of larvae dispersing through the network under future climate scenarios could decrease by [~]50%, highlighting the need to protect critical steppingstone nodes. We also find that although focal species will generally recover with 30% protection, marine heatwaves could hinder subsequent recovery in the following 50 years, suggesting that protecting climate refugia and expanding the coverage of marine reserves is a priority. Together, these findings provide a first comprehensive framework for integrating climate resilience for networks of marine reserves and highlight the need for a coordinated approach in the California Bight ecoregion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arafeh-Dalmau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munguia-Vega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micheli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilalta-Navas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villasenor-Derbez, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Precoma-de la Mora, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medellin-Ortiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavanaugh, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosa-Nishizaki, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnham, T. L. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodson, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abadia-Cardoso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aburto-Oropeza, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esgro, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinosa-Andrade, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beas-Luna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisneros-Soberanis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Morales, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Rodriguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giron-Nava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleason, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Velasco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra-Macias, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malpica-Cruz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.04.475006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards transboundary networks of climate-smart marine reserves in the Southern California Bight]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Target binding triggers hierarchical phosphorylation of human Argonaute-2 to promote target release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Argonaute (Ago) proteins play a central role in post-transcriptional gene regulation through RNA interference (RNAi). Agos bind small RNAs (sRNAs) including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) to form the functional core of the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). The sRNA is used as a guide to target mRNAs containing either partially or fully complementary sequences, ultimately leading to down regulation of the corresponding proteins. It was previously shown that the kinase CK1 phosphorylates a cluster of residues in the eukaryotic insertion (EI) of Ago, leading to the alleviation of miRNA-mediated repression through an undetermined mechanism. We show that binding of miRNA-loaded human Ago2 to target RNA with complementarity to the seed and 3 supplemental regions of the miRNA primes the EI for hierarchical phosphorylation by CK1. The added negative charges electrostatically promote target release, freeing Ago to seek out additional targets once it is dephosphorylated. The high conservation of potential phosphosites in the EI suggests that such a regulatory strategy may be a shared mechanism for regulating miRNA-mediated repression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bibel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkayam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua-Tor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.06.475261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Target binding triggers hierarchical phosphorylation of human Argonaute-2 to promote target release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional oscillation of a multienzyme glucosome assembly during cell cycle progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose metabolism has been studied extensively to understand functional interplays between metabolism and a cell cycle. However, our understanding of cell cycle-dependent metabolic adaptation particularly in human cells remains largely elusive. Meanwhile, human enzymes in glucose metabolism are shown to functionally organize into three different sizes of a multienzyme metabolic assembly, the glucosome, to regulate glucose flux in a size-dependent manner. Here, using fluorescence single-cell imaging techniques, we discover that glucosomes spatiotemporally oscillate during a cell cycle in an assembly size-dependent manner. Importantly, their oscillation at single-cell levels is in accordance with functional contributions of glucose metabolism to cell cycle progression at a population level. Collectively, we demonstrate functional oscillation of glucosomes during cell cycle progression and thus their biological significance to human cell biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyoung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.06.475270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional oscillation of a multienzyme glucosome assembly during cell cycle progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.09.475530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localized Synaptic Potentiation is Necessary and Sufficient for Context Fear Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.09.475530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nature and distribution of the synaptic changes that underlie memory are not well understood. We examined the synaptic plasticity behind context fear conditioning and found that learning produced synaptic potentiation specifically onto engram neurons in the basolateral amygdala. This potentiation lasted at least 7 days, was reversed by extinction, and its disruption impaired memory recall. High frequency optogenetic stimulation of the CS and US-activated ensembles, or biochemical induction of synaptic potentiation in US-responsive neurons alone, was sufficient to produce a context fear association without prior associative training. These results suggest that plasticity of CS inputs onto US-responsive amygdala neurons underlies memory formation and is necessary and sufficient to establish context fear associations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cardozo, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillingham, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sousa, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Job, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranamukhaarachchi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.09.475530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localized Synaptic Potentiation is Necessary and Sufficient for Context Fear Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MEK inhibition enhances presentation of targetable MHC-I tumor antigens in mutant melanomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combining multiple therapeutic strategies in NRAS/BRAF mutant melanoma - namely MEK/BRAF kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted immunotherapies - may offer an improved survival benefit by overcoming limitations associated with any individual therapy. Still, optimal combination, order, and timing of administration remains under investigation. Here, we measure how MEK inhibition (MEKi) alters anti-tumor immunity by utilizing quantitative immunopeptidomics to profile changes in the peptide MHC (pMHC) repertoire. These data reveal a collection of tumor antigens whose presentation levels are selectively augmented following therapy, including several epitopes present at over 1000 copies-per-cell. We leveraged the tunable abundance of MEKi-modulated antigens by targeting 4 epitopes with pMHC-specific T cell engagers and antibody drug conjugates, enhancing cell killing in tumor cells following MEK inhibition. These results highlight drug treatment as a means to enhance immunotherapy efficacy by targeting specific upregulated pMHCs and provide a methodological framework for identifying, quantifying, and therapeutically targeting additional epitopes of interest.

SIGNIFICANCEKinase inhibitor treatment in NRAS/BRAF mutant melanoma can sensitize tumors to immunotherapy, in part through an increase in average surface presentation of peptide MHC molecules. Here, we demonstrate that MEK inhibition selectively boosts epitope abundance of select tumor-associated antigens in vitro and in vivo, enhancing targeted immunotherapy efficacy against these treatment-modulated epitopes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stopfer, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rettko, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leddy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesfin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryson, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MEK inhibition enhances presentation of targetable MHC-I tumor antigens in mutant melanomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type I IFN promotes pathogenic inflammatory monocyte maturation during H5N1 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes show high IFN responses, and contribute to both protective and pathogenic functions following influenza virus infection. In order to understand the significance of IFN responses in this subset, we examined monocytes during infection with a lethal H5N1 virus that induces high levels of IFN and a low-pathogenicity H1N1 virus that induces low levels of IFN. We show that H5N1 infection results in early recruitment of high numbers of Ly6Chi monocytes and induction of chemokines and Ifnb1. Using unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, we also find that monocytes are significantly enriched during H5N1 infection and are associated with chemokine and IFN signatures in mice, and with severity of symptoms after influenza virus infection in humans. Recruited Ly6Chi monocytes subsequently become infected in the lung, produce IFN-{beta}, and mature into FasL+ monocyte-derived cells (FasL+MCs) expressing dendritic cell markers. Both Ccr2-/- and Faslgld mice are protected from lethal infection, indicating that monocytes contribute to pathogenesis. Global loss of type I and type III IFN signaling in Stat2-/- mice results in loss of monocyte recruitment, likely reflecting a requirement for IFN-dependent chemokine induction. Here we show that IFN is not directly required for monocyte recruitment on an IFN-sufficient background, but is required for maturation to FasL+MCs. Loss of IFN signaling skews to a Ly6Clo phenotype associated with tissue repair, suggesting that IFN signaling in monocytes is a critical determinant of influenza virus pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fourati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultquist, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekaly, R.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uccellini, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type I IFN promotes pathogenic inflammatory monocyte maturation during H5N1 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine-learning from Pseudomonas putida transcriptomes reveals its transcriptional regulatory network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial gene expression is orchestrated by numerous transcription factors (TFs). Elucidating how gene expression is regulated is fundamental to understanding bacterial physiology and engineering it for practical use. In this study, a machine-learning approach was applied to uncover the genome-scale transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) in Pseudomonas putida, an important organism for bioproduction. We performed independent component analysis of a compendium of 321 high-quality gene expression profiles, which were previously published or newly generated in this study. We identified 84 groups of independently modulated genes (iModulons) that explain 75.7% of the total variance in the compendium. With these iModulons, we (i) expand our understanding of the regulatory functions of 39 iModulon associated TFs (e.g., HexR, Zur) by systematic comparison with 1,993 previously reported TF-gene interactions; (ii) outline transcriptional changes after the transition from the exponential growth to stationary phases; (iii) capture group of genes required for utilizing diverse carbon sources and increased stationary response with slower growth rates; (iv) unveil multiple evolutionary strategies of transcriptome reallocation to achieve fast growth rates; and (v) define an osmotic stimulon, which includes the Type VI secretion system, as coordination of multiple iModulon activity changes. Taken together, this study provides the first quantitative genome-scale TRN for P. putida and a basis for a comprehensive understanding of its complex transcriptome changes in a variety of physiological states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine-learning from Pseudomonas putida transcriptomes reveals its transcriptional regulatory network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic dysregulation from chromosomal transit in micronuclei 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.475944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomal instability (CIN) and epigenetic alterations are characteristics of advanced and metastatic cancers [1-4], yet whether they are mechanistically linked is unknown. Here we show that missegregation of mitotic chromosomes, their sequestration in micronuclei [5, 6], and subsequent micronuclear envelope rupture [7] profoundly disrupt normal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), a phenomenon conserved across humans and mice as well as cancer and non-transformed cells. Some of the changes to histone PTMs occur due to micronuclear envelope rupture whereas others are inherited from mitotic abnormalities prior to micronucleus formation. Using orthogonal techniques, we show that micronuclei exhibit extensive differences in chromatin accessibility with a strong positional bias between promoters and distal or intergenic regions. Finally, we show that inducing CIN engenders widespread epigenetic dysregulation and that chromosomes which transit in micronuclei experience durable abnormalities in their accessibility long after they have been reincorporated into the primary nucleus. Thus, in addition to genomic copy number alterations, CIN can serve as a vehicle for epigenetic reprogramming and heterogeneity in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agustinus, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raviram, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dameracharla, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stransky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scipioni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiBona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigelt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yomtoubian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toufektchan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maciejowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhoum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidoli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhoum, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.475944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic dysregulation from chromosomal transit in micronuclei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.476066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epac1 regulates cellular SUMOylation by promoting the formation of SUMO-activating nuclear condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.12.476066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein SUMOylation plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis when cells are under stress. However, precisely how SUMOylation is regulated, and a molecular mechanism linking cellular stress to SUMOylation remains elusive. Herein, we report that cAMP, a major stress-response second messenger, acts through Epac1 as a regulator of cellular SUMOylation. The Epac1-associated proteome is highly enriched with components of the SUMOylation pathway. Activation of Epac1 by intracellular cAMP triggers phase separation and the formation of nuclear condensates containing Epac1 and general components of the SUMOylation machinery to promote cellular SUMOylation. Furthermore, genetic knockout of Epac1 obliterates oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced cellular SUMOylation in macrophages, leading to suppression of foam cell formation. These results provide a direct nexus connecting two major cellular stress responses to define a molecular mechanism in which cAMP regulates the dynamics of cellular condensates to modulate protein SUMOylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robichaux, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.12.476066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epac1 regulates cellular SUMOylation by promoting the formation of SUMO-activating nuclear condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.475329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive preclinical evaluation of human-derived anti-poly-GA antibodies in cellular and animal models of C9ORF72 disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.475329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hexanucleotide G4C2 repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) generated by translation of repeat-containing RNAs show toxic effects in vivo as well as in vitro and are key targets for therapeutic intervention. We generated human antibodies that bind DPRs with high affinity and specificity. Anti-GA antibodies engaged extra- and intracellular poly-GA and reduced aggregate formation in a poly-GA over-expressing human cell line. However, antibody treatment in human neuronal cultures synthesizing exogenous poly-GA resulted in the formation of large extracellular immune complexes and did not affect accumulation of intracellular poly-GA aggregates. Treatment with antibodies was also shown to directly alter the morphological and biochemical properties of poly-GA and to shift poly-GA/antibody complexes to more rapidly sedimenting ones. These alterations were not observed with poly-GP and have important implications for accurate measurement of poly-GA levels including the need to evaluate all centrifugation fractions and disrupt the interaction between treatment antibodies and poly-GA by denaturation. Targeting poly-GA and poly-GP in two mouse models expressing G4C2 repeats by systemic antibody delivery for up to 16 months was well-tolerated and led to measurable brain penetration of antibodies. Long term treatment with anti-GA antibodies produced improvement in an open field movement test in aged C9ORF72450 mice. However, chronic administration of anti-GA antibodies in AAV-(G4C2)149 mice was associated with increased levels of poly-GA detected by immunoassay and did not significantly reduce poly-GA aggregates or alleviate disease progression in this model.

SignificanceImmunotherapy has been proposed for neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimers or Parkinsons diseases. Recent reports using antibodies against poly-GA or active immunization suggested similar immunotherapy in ALS/FTD caused by repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene (1, 2). Here, we systematically characterized human antibodies against multiple DPR species and tested the biological effects of antibodies targeting poly-GA in different cellular and mouse models. Target engagement was shown in three independent cellular models. Anti-GA antibodies reduced the number of intracellular poly-GA aggregates in human T98G cells but not in cultured human neurons. Whereas chronic anti-GA treatment in BAC C9ORF72450 mice did not impact poly-GA levels and modestly improved one behavioral phenotype, poly-GA levels detected by immunoassays were increased and disease progression was unaltered in AAV-(G4C2)149 mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jambeau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hruska-Plochan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray-Soni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavegn, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borter, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen-West, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freyermuth, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Rossi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Berlanga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daughrity, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhokai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalkilic-Liddle, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maniecka, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlonis-Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezovski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainger, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kankel, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rushe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hock, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitsch, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montrasio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polymenidou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.13.475329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive preclinical evaluation of human-derived anti-poly-GA antibodies in cellular and animal models of C9ORF72 disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.15.476391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiomes of hadal fishes contain similar taxa, obligate symbionts, and known piezophiles across trench habitats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.15.476391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hadal snailfishes are the deepest-living fishes in the ocean, inhabiting trenches from depths of [~]6,000 to 8,000 m. While the microbial communities in trench environments have begun to be characterized, the microbes associated with hadal megafauna remain relatively unknown. Here, we describe the gut microbiomes of two hadal snailfishes, Pseudoliparis swirei (Mariana Trench) and Notoliparis kermadecensis (Kermadec Trench) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We contextualize these microbiomes with comparisons to the abyssal macrourid Coryphaenoides yaquinae and the continental shelf-dwelling snailfish Careproctus melanurus. The microbial communities of the hadal snailfishes were distinct from their shallower counterparts and were dominated by the same sequences related to the Mycoplasmataceae and Desulfovibrionaceae. These shared taxa indicate that symbiont lineages may have remained similar to the ancestral symbiont since their geographic separation or that they are dispersed between geographically distant trenches and subsequently colonize specific hosts. The abyssal and hadal fishes contained sequences related to known, cultured piezophiles, microbes that grow optimally under high hydrostatic pressure, including Psychromonas, Moritella, and Shewanella. These taxa are adept at colonizing nutrient-rich environments present in the deep ocean, such as on particles and in the guts of hosts, and we hypothesize they could make a dietary contribution to deep-sea fishes by degrading chitin and producing fatty acids. We characterize the gut microbiota within some of the deepest fishes to provide new insight into the diversity and distribution of host-associated microbial taxa and the potential of these animals, and the microbes they harbor, for understanding adaptation to deep-sea habitats.

ImportanceHadal trenches, characterized by high hydrostatic pressures and low temperatures, are one of the most extreme environments on our planet. By examining the microbiome of abyssal and hadal fishes, we provide insight into both the physiology of the deepest-living vertebrates and the microbes which colonize them. Our findings show that there are similar microbial populations in fishes geographically separated by thousands of miles, reflecting strong selection for specific microbial lineages. Only a handful of psychropiezophilic taxa, which do not reflect the diversity of microbial life at great depth, have been successfully isolated in the laboratory. Our examination of deep-sea fish microbiomes shows that typical high-pressure culturing methodologies, which have largely remained unchanged since the pioneering work of Claude ZoBell in the 1950s, may simulate the chemical environment found in animal guts and helps explain why the same deep-sea genera are consistently isolated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blanton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peoples, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerringer, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacuniello, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linley, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drazen, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.15.476391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiomes of hadal fishes contain similar taxa, obligate symbionts, and known piezophiles across trench habitats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phenotypic dissection of epithelial lineages and therapeutic manipulation of differentiation programs in human Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive form of salivary gland cancer, characterized by the co-existence within tumor tissues of two distinct populations of malignant cells, phenotypically similar to the myoepithelial and ductal lineages of normal salivary glands. Using a novel computational approach for single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we identified two cell-surface markers (CD49f, KIT) that enable the differential purification of myoepithelial-like (CD49fhigh/KITneg) and ductal-like (CD49flow/KIT+) cells from ACC patient derived xenografts (PDX). Using prospective xeno-transplantation experiments, we demonstrate that myoepithelial-like cells act as progenitors of ductal-like cells. Using three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures, we demonstrate that agonists of retinoic acid (RA) signaling promote differentiation of myoepithelial-like cells into ductal-like cells, while inhibitors of RA signaling selectively kill ductal-like cells. Finally, we demonstrate that BMS493, an inverse agonist of RA signaling, can be successfully leveraged for the in vivo treatment of human ACCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Viragova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aparicio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia Salazar, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schurer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhuri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moskaluk, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabadan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalerba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phenotypic dissection of epithelial lineages and therapeutic manipulation of differentiation programs in human Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.476409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and connectomic vulnerability shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.476409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous brain disorders demonstrate structural brain abnormalities, which are thought to arise from molecular perturbations or connectome miswiring. The unique and shared contributions of these molecular and connectomic vulnerabilities to brain disorders remain unknown, and has yet to be studied in a single multi-disorder framework. Using MRI morphometry from the ENIGMA consortium, we construct maps of cortical abnormalities for thirteen neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders from N = 21 000 patients and N = 26 000 controls, collected using a harmonized processing protocol. We systematically compare cortical maps to multiple micro-architectural measures, including gene expression, neurotransmitter density, metabolism, and myelination (molecular vulnerability), as well as global connectomic measures including number of connections, centrality, and connection diversity (connectomic vulnerability). We find that regional molecular vulnerability and macroscale brain network architecture interact to drive the spatial patterning of cortical abnormalities in multiple disorders. Local attributes, particularly neurotransmitter receptor profiles, constitute the best predictors of both disorder-specific cortical morphology and cross-disorder similarity. Finally, we find that cross-disorder abnormalities are consistently subtended by a small subset of network epicentres in bilateral sensory-motor, medial temporal lobe, precuneus, and superior parietal cortex. Collectively, our results highlight how local biological attributes and global connectivity jointly shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smart, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bearden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sisodiya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmaal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Erp, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modinos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Werf, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.476409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and connectomic vulnerability shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune-responsive biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing neutrophil regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are essential effector cells for mediating rapid host defense and their insufficiency arising from therapy-induced side-effects, termed neutropenia, can lead to immunodeficiency-associated complications. In autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), neutropenia is a complication that limits therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report the development and in vivo evaluation of an injectable, biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold, termed HA cryogel, with myeloid responsive degradation behavior. In mouse models of immune deficiency, we show that the infiltration of functional myeloid-lineage cells, specifically neutrophils, is essential to mediate HA cryogel degradation. Post-HSCT neutropenia in recipient mice delayed degradation of HA cryogels by up to 3 weeks. We harnessed the neutrophil-responsive degradation to sustain the release of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) from HA cryogels. Sustained release of G-CSF from HA cryogels enhanced post-HSCT neutrophil recovery, comparable to pegylated G-CSF, which, in turn, accelerated cryogel degradation. HA cryogels are a potential approach for enhancing neutrophils and concurrently assessing immune recovery in neutropenic hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chumber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najibi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stafford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scadden, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.477275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune-responsive biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing neutrophil regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for Parkinson's Disease-linked LRRK2's binding to microtubules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.477284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of the most commonly mutated genes in familial Parkinsons Disease (PD). Under some circumstances, LRRK2 co-localizes with microtubules in cells, an association enhanced by PD mutations. We report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the catalytic half of LRRK2, containing its kinase, which is in a closed conformation, and GTPase domains, bound to microtubules. We also report a structure of the catalytic half of LRRK1, which is closely related to LRRK2, but is not linked to PD. LRRK1s structure is similar to LRRK2, but LRRK1 does not interact with microtubules. Guided by these structures, we identify amino acids in LRRK2s GTPase domain that mediate microtubule binding; mutating them disrupts microtubule binding in vitro and in cells, without affecting LRRK2s kinase activity. Our results have implications for the design of therapeutic LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Snead, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matyszewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickey, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.477284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for Parkinson's Disease-linked LRRK2's binding to microtubules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.477417v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA-Targeting CRISPR/Cas13d System Eliminates Disease-Related Phenotypes in Pre-clinical Models of Huntington's Disease. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.477417v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) is a fatal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Although the pathogenesis of HD remains complex, the CAG-expanded (CAGEX) HTT mRNA and protein ultimately causes disease through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism. As the reduction of pathogenic mutant HTT mRNA is beneficial as a treatment, we developed a CAGEX RNA-eliminating CRISPR-Cas13d system (Cas13d/CAGEX) that binds and eliminates toxic CAGEX RNA in HD patient iPSC-derived striatal neurons. We show that intrastriatal delivery of Cas13d/CAGEX via a single adeno-associated viral vector, serotype 9 (AAV9) mediates significant and selective reduction of mutant HTT mRNA and protein levels within the striatum of heterozygous zQ175 mice, an established mouse model of HD. Moreover, the reduction of mutant HTT mRNA renders a sustained reversal of HD phenotypes, including improved motor coordination, attenuated striatal atrophy, and reduction of mutant HTT protein aggregates. Importantly, phenotypic improvements were durable for at least 8 months without gross or behavioral adverse effects, and with minimal off-target interactions of Cas13d/CAGEX in the mouse transcriptome. Taken together, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle of an RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas13d system as a therapeutic approach for HD, a strategy with broad implications for the treatment of other dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morelli, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosztyla, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marina, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.23.477417</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA-Targeting CRISPR/Cas13d System Eliminates Disease-Related Phenotypes in Pre-clinical Models of Huntington's Disease.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.477428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chondroitin sulfates enhances the barrier function of basement membrane assembled by heparan sulfates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.23.477428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ubiquitously expressed polysaccharides attached to proteoglycans, but their functions in the retina are poorly understood. Here we generated conditional knockouts of biosynthetic enzymes for heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in retinal progenitor cells. We showed that ablation of HS polymerase Ext1 did not affect initial progression of retinal angiogenesis, but it disrupted the pruning of blood vessels and establishment of arterioles and venules. In the absence of retinal HS, blood vessels were also vulnerable to high oxygen tension in early postnatal stages, which can be rescued by exogenous VEGF, consistent with the role of retinal HS in the fine-tuning of VEGF signaling. Furthermore, we observed that the retinal inner limiting membrane (ILM) was disrupted by deletion of Ext1 in a timing specific manner, suggesting that retinal HS is required for the assembly but not the maintenance of the ILM. Lastly, we showed that further deletion of C4st1, a CS sulfation enzyme, did not affect the assembly of the ILM, but aggravated the ILM permeability when combined with Ext1 deletion. These results demonstrated an important role of CS and HS in establishing the barrier function of basement membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makrides, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.23.477428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chondroitin sulfates enhances the barrier function of basement membrane assembled by heparan sulfates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding the IGF1 Signaling Gene Regulatory Network Behind Alveologenesis from A Mouse Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung development is precisely controlled by underlying Gene Regulatory Networks (GRN). Disruption of genes in the network can interrupt normal development and cause diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-a chronic lung disease in preterm infants with morbid and sometimes lethal consequences characterized by lung immaturity and reduced alveolarization.

Here, we generated a transgenic mouse exhibiting a moderate severity BPD phenotype by blocking IGF1 signaling in secondary crest myofibroblasts (SCMF) at the onset of alveologenesis. Using approaches mirroring the construction of the model GRN in sea urchins development, we constructed the IGF1 signaling network underlying alveologenesis using this mouse model that phenocopies BPD. The constructed GRN, consisting of 43 genes, provides a birds-eye view of how the genes downstream of IGF1 are regulatorily connected. The GRN also reveals a mechanistic interpretation of how the effects of IGF1 signaling are transduced within SCMF from its specification genes to its effector genes and then from SCMF to its neighboring alveolar epithelial cells with WNT5A and FGF10 signaling as the bridge. Consistently, blocking WNT5A signaling in mice phenocopies BPD as inferred by the network. A comparative study on human samples suggests that a GRN of similar components and wiring underlies human BPD.

Our network view of alveologenesis is transforming our perspective to understand and treat BPD. This new perspective calls for the construction of the full signaling GRN underlying alveologenesis, upon which targeted therapies for this neonatal chronic lung disease can be viably developed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peinado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohbodi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minoo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding the IGF1 Signaling Gene Regulatory Network Behind Alveologenesis from A Mouse Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.25.477788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Derlin Dfm1 Employs a Chaperone Function to Resolve Misfolded Membrane Protein Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.25.477788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulation of misfolded proteins is a known source of cellular stress and can be detrimental to cellular health. While protein aggregation is a known hallmark of many diseases, the mechanisms by which protein aggregates cause toxicity and the molecular machines that prevent this toxicity are not completely understood. Here, we show that the accumulated misfolded membrane proteins form endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized aggregates, impacting ubiquitin and proteasome homeostasis. Additionally, we have identified a chaperone ability of the yeast rhomboid pseudoprotease Dfm1 to influence solubilization of misfolded membrane proteins and prevent toxicity from misfolded membrane proteins. We establish that this function of Dfm1 does not require recruitment of the ATPase Cdc48 and it is distinct from Dfm1s previously identified function in dislocating misfolded membrane proteins to the cytosol for degradation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kandel, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dysau, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Songster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguayo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duttke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.25.477788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Derlin Dfm1 Employs a Chaperone Function to Resolve Misfolded Membrane Protein Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.478126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Staphylococcus aureus prophages are gatekeepers of exogenous lipid utilization to control membrane flexibility and bacterial fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.27.478126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phages are ubiquitous in bacteria, including clinical Staphylococcus aureus, where Sfi 21/Sa3 phages often integrate into the hlb gene, encoding Hlb sphingomyelinase. The integration acts as a rapid regulatory switch of Hlb production. Our findings suggest that Sfi 21/Sa3 prophages and Hlb activity affect S. aureus fitness by modulating the incorporation of the toxic linoleic acid (C18:2) from serum into the bacterial membrane. This process relies on C18:2 derived from 1,3-diglyceride, facilitated by the FakB1 kinase subunit. Palmitic acid (C16), primarily released from serum through Hlb activity, competes for FakB1. This mechanism contributes to adaptation to AFN-1252, an antibiotic inhibiting the fatty acid synthesis pathway (anti-FASII). Since S. aureus relies on exogenous fatty acids for growth, AFN-1252 treatment leads to increased proportion of membrane C18:2. Moreover, Hlb inhibition, whether via prophage insertion, gene inactivation, or enzyme inhibition, delays S. aureus adaptation, resulting in higher proportionof C18:2 in the membrane. This study sheds light on the role of lipid environments in infections, and may contribute to the accurate prediction of infection risks and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, given that both anti-FASII and Hlb inhibitors enhance C18:2 incorporation, they represent potential agents for combined strategies against S. aureus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gloux, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathania, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trieu-Cuot, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.27.478126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Staphylococcus aureus prophages are gatekeepers of exogenous lipid utilization to control membrane flexibility and bacterial fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Transcriptome and Accessible Chromatin Dynamics During Endocrine Pancreas Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.28.478217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delineating gene regulatory networks that orchestrate cell-type specification is an ongoing challenge for developmental biology studies. Single-cell analyses offer opportunities to address these challenges and accelerate discovery of rare cell lineage relationships and mechanisms underlying hierarchical lineage decisions. Here, we describe the molecular analysis of pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation using single-cell gene expression, chromatin accessibility assays coupled to genetic labeling and cell sorting. We uncover transcription factor networks that delineate {beta}-, - and{delta} -cell lineages. Through genomic footprint analysis we identify transcription factor-regulatory DNA interactions governing pancreatic cell development at unprecedented resolution. Our analysis suggests that the transcription factor Neurog3 may act as a pioneer transcription factor to specify the pancreatic endocrine lineage. These findings could improve protocols to generate replacement endocrine cells from renewable sources, like stem cells, for diabetes therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duvall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tellez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauerstein, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quake, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheffield, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arda, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.28.478217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Transcriptome and Accessible Chromatin Dynamics During Endocrine Pancreas Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478476v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 invades cognitive centers of the brain and induces Alzheimer's-like neuropathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478476v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Major cell entry factors of SARS-CoV-2 are present in neurons; however, the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the phenotypes of infected neurons are still unclear. Acute neurological disorders occur in many patients, and one-third of COVID-19 survivors suffer from "brain diseases". Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 invades the brains of five patients with COVID-19 and Alzheimers, autism, frontotemporal dementia or no underlying condition by infecting neurons and other cells in the cortex. SARS-CoV-2 induces or enhances Alzheimers-like neuropathology with manifestations of {beta}-amyloid aggregation and plaque formation, tauopathy, neuroinflammation and cell death. SARS-CoV-2 infects mature but not immature neurons derived from inducible pluripotent stem cells from healthy and Alzheimers individuals through its receptor ACE2 and facilitator neuropilin-1. SARS-CoV-2 triggers Alzheimers-like gene programs in healthy neurons and exacerbates Alzheimers neuropathology. A gene signature defined as an Alzheimers infectious etiology is identified through SARS-CoV-2 infection, and silencing the top three downregulated genes in human primary neurons recapitulates the neurodegenerative phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 invades the brain and activates an Alzheimers-like program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baracco, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elahi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reece, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478476</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 invades cognitive centers of the brain and induces Alzheimer's-like neuropathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth cone macropinocytosis of neurotrophin receptor and neuritogenesis are regulated by Neuron Navigator 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuron Navigator 1 (Nav1) is a cytoskeleton-associated protein expressed during brain development that is necessary for proper neuritogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that Nav1 is present in elongating axon tracts during mouse brain embryogenesis. We found that depletion of Nav1 in cultured neurons disrupts growth cone morphology and neurotrophin-stimulated neuritogenesis. In addition to regulating both F-actin and microtubule properties, Nav1 promotes actin-rich membrane ruffles in the growth cone, and promotes macropinocytosis at those membrane ruffles, including internalization of the TrkB receptor for the neurotrophin BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor). Growth cone macropinocytosis is important for downstream signaling, neurite targeting, and membrane recycling, implicating Nav1 in one or more of these processes. Depletion of Nav1 also induces transient membrane blebbing via disruption of signaling in the Rho GTPase signaling pathway, supporting the novel role of Nav1 in dynamic actin-based membrane regulation at the cell periphery. These data demonstrate that Nav1 works at the interface of microtubules, actin, and plasma membrane to organize the cell periphery and promote uptake of growth and guidance cues to facilitate neural morphogenesis during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Powers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehler, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halpain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth cone macropinocytosis of neurotrophin receptor and neuritogenesis are regulated by Neuron Navigator 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plankton energy flows using a global size-structured and trait-based model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plankton community models are critical tools for understanding the processes that shape marine plankton communities, how plankton communities impact biogeochemical cycles, and the feedbacks between community structure and function. Here, using the flexible Marine Biogeochemistry Library (MARBL), we present the Size-based Plankton Ecological TRAits (MARBL-SPECTRA) model, which is designed to represent a diverse plankton community while remaining computationally tractable. MARBL-SPECTRA is composed of nine phytoplankton and six zooplankton size classes represented using allometric scaling relationships for physiological traits and interactions within multiple functional types. MARBL-SPECTRA is embedded within the global ocean component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and simulates large-scale, emergent patterns in phytoplankton growth limitation, plankton phenology, plankton generation time, and trophic transfer efficiency. The model qualitatively reproduces observed global patterns of surface nutrients, chlorophyll biomass, net primary production, and the biogeographies of a range of plankton size classes. In addition, the model simulates how predator:prey dynamics and trophic efficiency vary across gradients in total ecosystem productivity. Shorter food chains that export proportionally more carbon from the surface to the ocean interior occur in productive, eutrophic regions, whereas in oligotrophic regions, the food chains are relatively long and export less organic matter from the surface. The union of functional type modeling with size-resolved, trait-based modeling approaches allows MARBL-SPECTRA to capture both large-scale elemental cycles and the structure of planktonic food webs affecting trophic transfer efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Negrete-Garcia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.478546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plankton energy flows using a global size-structured and trait-based model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lymphatic-Preserving Treatment Sequencing with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Unleashes cDC1-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in HNSCC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.01.478744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 has revolutionized oncology; however, response rates remain limited in most cancer types, highlighting the need for more effective immune oncology (IO) treatment strategies. Paradoxically, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which bears a mutational burden and immune infiltrate commensurate with cancers that respond robustly to ICI, has demonstrated no response to anti- CTLA-4 in any setting or to anti-PD-1 for locally-advanced disease. Scrutiny of the landmark clinical trials defining current IO treatments in HNSCC reveals that recruited patients necessarily received regional ablative therapies per standard of care, prompting us to hypothesize that standard therapies, which by design ablate locoregional lymphatics, may compromise host immunity and the tumor response to ICI. To address this, we employed tobacco-signature HNSCC murine models in which we mapped tumor-draining lymphatics and developed models for regional lymphablation with surgery or radiation. Remarkably, we found that lymphablation eliminates the tumor ICI response, significantly worsening overall survival and repolarizing the tumor- and peripheral-immune compartments. Mechanistically, within tumor-draining lymphatics, we observed an upregulation of cDC1 cells and IFN-I signaling, showed that both are necessary for the ICI response and lost with lymphablation. Ultimately, we defined rational IO sequences that mobilize peripheral immunity, achieve optimal tumor responses, confer durable immunity and control regional lymphatic metastasis. In sum, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how standard regional, lymphablative therapies impact the response to ICI, which affords insights that can be applied to define rational, lymphatic-preserving IO treatment sequences for cancer.

One Sentence SummaryDespite the promise of immune checkpoint inhibition, therapeutic responses remain limited, raising the possibility that standard of care treatments delivered in concert may compromise the tumor response; here, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how standard oncologic therapies targeting regional lymphatics impact the tumor response to immune-oncology therapy in order to define rational treatment sequences that mobilize systemic antitumor immunity, achieve optimal tumor responses, confer durable antitumor immunity, and control regional metastatic disease.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=107 SRC="FIGDIR/small/478744v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saddawi-Konefka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraji, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clubb, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allevato, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anang, N.-A. A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Msari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franiak Pietryga, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharabi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, E. E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.01.478744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lymphatic-Preserving Treatment Sequencing with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Unleashes cDC1-Dependent Antitumor Immunity in HNSCC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.479017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of Craniofacial Development by the Collagen Receptor, Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.479017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development of the craniofacial skeleton requires interactions between progenitor cells and the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM). The mediators of these interactions are not well-defined. Mutations in discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a non-integrin collagen receptor, are associated with craniofacial abnormalities, such as midface hypoplasia and open fontanels. However, the exact role of DDR2 in craniofacial morphogenesis is not known. As will be shown, Ddr2-deficient mice exhibit defects in craniofacial bones including impaired calvarial growth and frontal suture formation, cranial base hypoplasia due to aberrant chondrogenesis and delayed ossification at growth plate synchondroses. As established by localization and lineage tracing studies, Ddr2 is expressed in progenitor cell-enriched craniofacial regions including sutures and synchondrosis resting zone cartilage, overlapping with Gli1+ cells, and contributing to chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages during skull growth. Tissue-specific knockouts further established the requirement for Ddr2 in Gli1+ skeletal progenitors and chondrocytes and suggest important functions in chondrocyte proliferation and orientation as well as ECM organization. These studies establish a cellular basis for regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis by this understudied collagen receptor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowling, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ono, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binrayes, A.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaartinen, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franceschi, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.479017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of Craniofacial Development by the Collagen Receptor, Discoidin Domain Receptor 2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Salp blooms increase carbon export 5-fold in the Southern Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Southern Ocean (SO) contributes substantially to the global biological carbon pump (BCP). Salps in the SO, in particular Salpa thompsoni, are keystone grazers that produce large, fast-sinking fecal pellets with high export potential. In a first study of this kind, we conducted Lagrangian experiments to quantify the salp bloom impacts on export pathways by contrasting locations differing in salp bloom presence/absence. We show that blooms increased particle export by ~5-fold, and exported up to 46% of net primary production out of the euphotic zone. BCP efficiency increased from 5% in non-salp areas to up to 28% in salp areas, which is among the highest recorded in the global ocean. Using SO salp abundances from KRILLBASE, we estimate they can consume ~ 13% of regional production, mediating 13-40% of the SO BCP. Consideration in models forecasting the SO BCP is recommended considering long-term increases in SO salp abundances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nodder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes dos Santos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deans, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latasa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkerton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.07.479467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Salp blooms increase carbon export 5-fold in the Southern Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo mass spectrometry peptide sequencing with a transformer model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tandem mass spectrometry is the only high-throughput method for analyzing the protein content of complex biological samples and is thus the primary technology driving the growth of the field of proteomics. A key outstanding challenge in this field involves identifying the sequence of amino acids--the peptide--responsible for generating each observed spectrum, without making use of prior knowledge in the form of a peptide sequence database. Although various machine learning methods have been developed to address this de novo sequencing problem, challenges that arise when modeling tandem mass spectra have led to complex models that combine multiple neural networks and post-processing steps. We propose a simple yet powerful method for de novo peptide sequencing, Casanovo, that uses a transformer framework to map directly from a sequence of observed peaks (a mass spectrum) to a sequence of amino acids (a peptide). Our experiments show that Casanovo achieves state-of-the-art performance on a benchmark dataset using a standard cross-species evaluation framework which involves testing with spectra with never-before-seen peptide labels. Casanovo not only achieves superior performance but does so at a fraction of the model complexity and inference time required by other methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fondrie, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.07.479481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo mass spectrometry peptide sequencing with a transformer model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering Defensin α-helix to produce high-affinity SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binding ligands. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The binding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed on the host cells is a critical initial step for viral infection. This interaction is blocked through competitive inhibition by soluble ACE2 protein. Therefore, developing high-affinity and cost-effective ACE2 peptidomimetic ligands that disrupt this protein-protein interaction is a promising strategy for viral diagnostics and therapy. We employed human and plant defensins, a class of small and highly stable proteins, and engineered the amino acid residues on its conformationally constrained alpha-helices to mimic the critical residues on the ACE2 helix 1 that interacts with the Spike-protein. The engineered proteins were soluble and purified to homogeneity with high yield from a bacterial expression system. The proteins demonstrated exceptional thermostability, high-affinity binding to the Spike protein with dissociation constants in the low nanomolar range, and were used in a diagnostic assay that detected SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. This work addresses the challenge of developing helical peptidomimetics by demonstrating that defensins provide promising scaffolds to engineer alpha-helices in a constrained form for designing high-affinity ligands.

Broad audience statementThe engineered proteins developed in this study are cost-effective and highly stable reagents for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These features may allow large-scale and cost-effective production of diagnostic tests to assist COVID-19 diagnostic and prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, M. d. L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering Defensin α-helix to produce high-affinity SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein binding ligands.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved biosynthetic gene cluster is regulated by quorum sensing in a shipworm symbiont 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.479910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial symbionts often provide critical functions for their hosts. For example, wood-boring bivalves called shipworms rely on cellulolytic endosymbionts for wood digestion. However, how the relationship between shipworms and their bacterial symbionts is formed and maintained remains unknown. Quorum sensing (QS) often plays an important role in regulating symbiotic relationships. We identified and characterized a QS system found in Teredinibacter sp. strain 2052S, a gill isolate of the wood-boring shipworm Bactronophorus cf. thoracites. We determined that 2052S produces the signal N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), and that this signal controls activation of a biosynthetic gene cluster co-located in the symbiont genome that is conserved among all symbiotic Teredinibacter isolates. We subsequently identified extracellular metabolites associated with the QS regulon, including ones linked to the conserved biosynthetic gene cluster, using mass spectrometry-based molecular networking. Our results demonstrate that QS plays an important role in regulating secondary metabolism in this shipworm symbiont. This information provides a step towards deciphering the molecular details of the relationship between these symbionts and their hosts. Furthermore, because shipworm symbionts harbor vast yet underexplored biosynthetic potential, understanding how their secondary metabolism is regulated may aid future drug discovery efforts using these organisms.

IMPORTANCEBacteria play important roles as symbionts in animals ranging from invertebrates to humans. Despite this recognized importance, much is still unknown about the molecular details of how these relationships are formed and maintained. One of the proposed roles of shipworm symbionts is the production of bioactive secondary metabolites due to the immense biosynthetic potential found in shipworm symbiont genomes. Here, we report that a shipworm symbiont uses quorum sensing to coordinate activation of its extracellular secondary metabolism, including the transcriptional activation of a biosynthetic gene cluster that is conserved among many shipworm symbionts. This work is a first step towards linking quorum sensing, secondary metabolism, and symbiosis in wood-boring shipworms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robes, J. M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altamia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murdock, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haygood, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puri, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.479910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved biosynthetic gene cluster is regulated by quorum sensing in a shipworm symbiont]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.480072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive in vitro and in vivo protein translation via in situ circularized RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.11.480072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNAs are a powerful therapeutic class. However their inherent transience impacts their activity both as an interacting moiety as well as a template. Circularization of RNA has been demonstrated as a means to improve persistence, however simple and scalable approaches to achieve this are lacking. Utilizing autocatalytic RNA circularization, here we engineer in situ circularized RNAs (icRNAs). This approach enables icRNA delivery as simple linear RNA that is circularized upon delivery into the cell, thus making them compatible with routine synthesis, purification, and delivery formulations. We confirmed extensive protein translation from icRNAs both in vitro and in vivo and explored their utility in three contexts: first, we delivered the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein in vivo as icRNAs and showed corresponding induction of humoral immune responses; second, we demonstrated robust genome targeting via zinc finger nucleases delivered as icRNAs; and third, to enable compatibility between persistence of expression and immunogenicity, we developed a novel long range multiplexed (LORAX) protein engineering methodology to screen progressively deimmunized Cas9 proteins, and demonstrated efficient genome and epigenome targeting via their delivery as icRNAs. We anticipate this highly simple and scalable icRNA methodology could have broad utility in basic science and therapeutic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyasaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finburgh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhardjo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.11.480072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive in vitro and in vivo protein translation via in situ circularized RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture and self-assembly of the jumbo bacteriophage nuclear shell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria encode myriad defenses that target the genomes of infecting bacteriophage, including restriction-modification and CRISPR/Cas systems. In response, one family of large bacteriophage employs a nucleus-like compartment to protect their replicating genomes by excluding host defense factors. However, the principle composition and structure of this compartment remain unknown. Here, we find that the bacteriophage nuclear shell assembles primarily from one protein, termed chimallin. Combining cryo-electron tomography of nuclear shells in bacteriophage-infected cells and cryo-electron microscopy of a minimal chimallin compartment in vitro, we show that chimallin cooperatively self-assembles as a flexible sheet into closed micron-scale compartments. The architecture and assembly dynamics of the chimallin shell suggest mechanisms for its nucleation and growth, and its role as a scaffold for phage-encoded factors mediating macromolecular transport, cytoskeletal interactions, and viral maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkholz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.14.480162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture and self-assembly of the jumbo bacteriophage nuclear shell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequential increase of PHGDH expression with Alzheimer's pathology and symptoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report consistent increases in phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) expression in mouse models of Alzheimers disease (AD) (3xTg-AD) and related tauopathy (PS19), particularly in hippocampal astrocytes. Human single-cell RNA-sequencing data reveal a sequential increase of PHGDH expression in people with no, early, and late AD pathology, which is corroborated by protein mass spectrometry and immunohistochemical analyses of three independent cohorts. A sequential increase of PHGDH expression also correlates with increasing clinical AD symptoms and worsening cognitive decline in patients. The consistent increase of PHGDH expression in six AD cohorts (Mayo, ROSMAP, Mount Sinai, Baltimore, Amsterdam, and UCSD/UCI) corroborates with the recent report of PHGDH extracellular RNA in blood plasma as a candidate biomarker for early diagnosis of AD and offers a caution to the suggested use of L-serine as a potential therapy of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girardini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiniker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequential increase of PHGDH expression with Alzheimer's pathology and symptoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A five-fold expansion of the global RNA virome reveals multiple new clades of RNA bacteriophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.15.480533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput RNA sequencing offers unprecedented opportunities to explore the Earth RNA virome. Mining 5,150 diverse metatranscriptomes uncovered >2.5 million RNA viral contigs. Via analysis of the 330k novel RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRP), this expansion corresponds to a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. Extended RdRP phylogeny supports monophyly of the five established phyla, reveals two putative new bacteriophage phyla and numerous putative novel classes and orders. The dramatically expanded Lenarviricota phylum, consisting of bacterial and related eukaryotic viruses, now accounts for a third of the RNA virome diversity. Identification of CRISPR spacer matches and bacteriolytic proteins suggests that subsets of picobirnaviruses and partitiviruses, previously associated with eukaryotes, infect prokaryotic hosts. Gene content analysis revealed multiple domains previously not found in RNA viruses and implicated in virus-host interactions. This vast collection of new RNA virus genomes provides insights into RNA virus evolution and should become a major resource for RNA virology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neri, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camargo, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazlauskas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paez-Espino, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krupovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>RNA Virus Discovery Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolja, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyrpides, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koonin, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gophna, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A five-fold expansion of the global RNA virome reveals multiple new clades of RNA bacteriophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a small molecule, Mebendazole, as a novel ethylene signaling activator reveals a role of ethylene signaling on the regulation of lateral root angles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lateral root angle or gravitropic set-point angle (GSA) is an important trait for root system architecture (RSA) that determines the radial expansion of the root system. The GSA therefore plays a crucial role for the ability of plants to access nutrients and water in the soil. Despite its importance, only few regulatory pathways and mechanisms that determine GSA are known, and these mostly relate to auxin and cytokinin pathways. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule, Mebendazole (MBZ) that modulates GSA in Arabidopsis thaliana roots and acts via the activation of ethylene signaling. We uncover that MBZ directly acts on the serine/threonine protein kinase CTR1, which is a negative regulator of ethylene signaling. Our study not only reveals that the ethylene signaling pathway is essential for GSA regulation, but it also identifies a small molecular modulator of RSA and the first small molecule that acts downstream of ethylene receptors and that directly activates ethylene signaling.

In briefHe et al. identify a small molecule that regulates lateral root angle. They show that the compound increases lateral root angle by inhibiting CTR1 kinase activity, which in turn activates ethylene signaling. Therefore, they uncover that the ethylene pathway is involved in lateral root angle regulation.

HighlightsO_LIMBZ increases lateral root angle
C_LIO_LIMBZ regulates lateral root angle by activating ethylene signaling
C_LIO_LIMBZ inhibits CTR1 kinase activity
C_LIO_LIThe ethylene pathway is involved in lateral root angle regulation
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakawa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a small molecule, Mebendazole, as a novel ethylene signaling activator reveals a role of ethylene signaling on the regulation of lateral root angles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prey Size Spectra and Predator:Prey ratios of 7 Species of New Zealand Salps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Salp grazing is important in shaping planktonic food-web structure. However, little is known about the size ranges of their prey in the field or how grazing impacts size structure. This study investigated the feeding habits of 7 different species of salps, representing a variety of sizes and life stages across subtropical and subantarctic waters east of New Zealand. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the gut contents of 58 salps, which were then compared to water column plankton communities characterized via epifluorescence microscopy, FlowCam, and flow cytometry. While most of the gut contents resembled ambient waters, substantial differences were found amongst some co-occurring species, such as increased retention of submicron bacteria amongst smaller salps like Thalia democratica. We found that even for those salps capable of feeding on bacteria efficiently, nanoplankton and small microplankton still made up the majority of gut biomass. Larger microplankton were rarer in the guts than in the water column, potentially suggesting an upper size-threshold in addition to the lower size-threshold that has been the focus of most previous work. Salp carbon-weighted predator to prey size ratios were variable, with the majority falling between 1,000:1 and 10,000:1 depending largely on the size of the salp. Taken together our results indicate that despite being able to feed on submicron particles, picoplankton make up at most 26.4% (mean = 6.4%) of salp gut carbon and are relatively unimportant to the energetics of most salps in this region compared to nanoplankton such as small dinoflagellates and diatoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fender, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Rodriguez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yingling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prey Size Spectra and Predator:Prey ratios of 7 Species of New Zealand Salps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.480915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal analysis of axonal autophagosome-lysosome dynamics reveals limited fusion events trigger two-step maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.17.480915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macroautophagy is a homeostatic process required to clear cellular waste including aggregated proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Neuronal autophagosomes form constitutively in the distal tip of the axon and are actively transported toward the soma, with cargo degradation initiated en route. Cargo turnover requires autophagosomes to fuse with lysosomes to acquire degradative enzymes; however, the timing and number of these fusion events in the axon have proven difficult to detect using microscopy alone. Here we use a quantitative model, parameterized and validated using data from live and fixed imaging of primary hippocampal neurons, to explore the autophagosome maturation process on a cellular scale. We demonstrate that retrograde autophagosome motility is independent from lysosomal fusion, and that most autophagosomes fuse with only a few lysosomes by the time they reach the soma. Furthermore, our imaging and model results highlight the two-step maturation of the autophagosome: fusion with a lysosome or late endosome is followed by the slow degradation of the autophagosomal inner membrane before actual cargo degradation can occur. Together, rigorous quantitative measurements and mathematical modeling elucidate the dynamics of autophagosome-lysosome interaction and autophagosomal maturation in the axon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cason, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogre, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holzbaur, E. L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.17.480915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal analysis of axonal autophagosome-lysosome dynamics reveals limited fusion events trigger two-step maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.480986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Evaluation of Different R-loop Mapping Methods: Achieving Consensus, Resolving Discrepancies and Uncovering Distinct Types of RNA:DNA Hybrids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.480986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
R-loop, a three-stranded nucleic acid structure, has been recognized to play pivotal roles in critical physiological and pathological processes. Multiple technologies have been developed to profile R-loops genome-wide, but the existing data suffer from major discrepancies on determining genuine R-loop localization and its biological functions. Here, we experimentally and computationally evaluate eight representative R-loop mapping technologies, and reveal inherent biases and artifacts of individual technologies as key sources of discrepancies. Analyzing signals detected with different R-loop mapping strategies, we note that genuine R-loops predominately form at gene promoter regions, whereas most signals in gene body likely result from structured RNAs as part of repeat-containing transcripts. Interestingly, our analysis also uncovers two classes of R-loops: The first class consists of typical R-loops where the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA binds both the template and non-template strands. By contrast, the second class appears independent of Pol II-mediated transcription and is characterized by RPA binding only in the template strand. These two different classes of RNA:DNA hybrids in the genome suggest distinct biochemical activities involved in their formation and regulation. In sum, our findings will guide future use of suitable technology for specific experimental purposes and the interpretation of R-loop functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.18.480986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Evaluation of Different R-loop Mapping Methods: Achieving Consensus, Resolving Discrepancies and Uncovering Distinct Types of RNA:DNA Hybrids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.21.481223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 protein-RNA interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.21.481223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The betacoronvirus has a positive sense RNA genome which encodes for several RNA binding proteins. Here, we use enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation to investigate SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions with viral and host RNAs in authentic virus-infected cells. SARS-CoV-2 proteins, NSP8, NSP12, and nucleocapsid display distinct preferences to specific regions in the RNA viral genome, providing evidence for their shared and separate roles in replication, transcription, and viral packaging. SARS-CoV-2 proteins expressed in human lung epithelial cells bind to 4773 unique host coding RNAs. Nine SARS-CoV-2 proteins upregulate target gene expression, including NSP12 and ORF9c, whose RNA substrates are associated with pathways in protein N-linked glycosylation ER processing and mitochondrial processes. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of host genes targeted by viral proteins in human lung organoid cells identify potential antiviral host targets across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conversely, NSP9 inhibits host gene expression by blocking mRNA export and dampens cytokine productions, including interleukin-1/{beta}. Our viral protein-RNA interactome provides a catalog of potential therapeutic targets and offers insight into the etiology of COVID-19 as a safeguard against future pandemics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, E.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmok, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicar, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannan, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kofman, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tankka, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.21.481223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 protein-RNA interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Euchromatin activity enhances segregation and compaction of heterochromatin in the cell nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The large-scale organization of the genome inside the cell nucleus is critical for the cells function. Chromatin - the functional form of DNA in cells - serves as a substrate for active nuclear processes such as transcription, replication and DNA repair. Chromatins spatial organization directly affects its accessibility by ATP-powered enzymes, e.g., RNA polymerase II in the case of transcription. In differentiated cells, chromatin is spatially segregated into compartments - euchromatin and heterochromatin - the former being largely transcriptionally active and loosely packed, the latter containing mostly silent genes and densely compacted. The euchromatin/heterochromatin segregation is crucial for proper genomic function, yet the physical principles behind it are far from understood. Here, we model the nucleus as filled with hydrodynamically interacting active Zimm chains - chromosomes - and investigate how large heterochromatic regions form and segregate from euchromatin through their complex interactions. Each chromosome presents a block copolymer composed of heterochromatic blocks, capable of crosslinking that increases chromatins local compaction, and euchromatic blocks, subjected to stochastic force dipoles that capture the microscopic stresses exerted by nuclear ATPases. These active stresses lead to a dynamic self-organization of the genome, with its coherent motions driving the mixing of chromosome territories as well as large-scale heterochromatic segregation through crosslinking of distant genomic regions. We study the stresses and flows that arise in the nucleus during the heterochromatic segregation, and identify their signatures in Hi-C proximity maps. Our results reveal the fundamental role of active mechanical processes and hydrodynamic interactions in the kinetics of chromatin compartmentalization and in the emergent large-scale organization of the nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zidovska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintillan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Euchromatin activity enhances segregation and compaction of heterochromatin in the cell nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.481658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial metatranscriptomes in wastewater can differentiate virally infected human populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.481658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monitoring wastewater samples at building-level resolution screens large populations for SARS-CoV-2, prioritizing testing and isolation efforts. Here we perform untargeted metatranscriptomics on virally-enriched wastewater samples from 10 locations on the UC San Diego campus, demonstrating that resulting bacterial taxonomic and functional profiles discriminate SARS-CoV-2 status even without direct detection of viral transcripts. Our proof-of-principle reveals emergent threats through changes in the human microbiome, suggesting new approaches for untargeted wastewater-based epidemiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salido, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karthikeyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaramela, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhute, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cantrell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrieri, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiminen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parida, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Baeza, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.23.481658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial metatranscriptomes in wastewater can differentiate virally infected human populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.481688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Geometric View of Signal Sensitivity Metrics in multi-echo fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.481688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In multi-echo fMRI (ME-fMRI), two metrics have been widely used to measure the performance of various acquisition and analysis approaches. These are temporal SNR (tSNR) and differential contrast-to-noise ratio (dCNR). A key step in ME-fMRI is the weighted combination of the data from multiple echoes, and prior work has examined the dependence of tSNR and dCNR on the choice of weights. However, most studies have focused on only one of these two metrics, and the relationship between the two metrics has not been examined. In this work, we present a geometric view that offers greater insight into the relation between the two metrics and their weight dependence. We identify three major regimes: (1) a tSNR robust regime in which tSNR is robust to the weight selection with most weight variants achieving close to optimal performance, whereas dCNR shows a pronounced dependence on the weights with most variants achieving suboptimal performance; (2) a dCNR robust regime in which dCNR is robust to the weight selection with most weight variants achieving close to optimal performance, while tSNR exhibits a strong dependence on the weights with most variants achieving significantly lower than optimal performance; and (3) a within-type robust regime in which both tSNR and dCNR achieve nearly optimal performance when the form of the weights are variants of their respective optimal weights and exhibit a moderate decrease in performance for other weight variants. Insight into the behavior observed in the different regimes is gained by considering spherical representations of the weight dependence of the components used to form each metric. For multi-echo acquisitions, dCNR is shown to be more directly related than tSNR to measures of CNR and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both task-based and resting-state fMRI scans, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.23.481688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Geometric View of Signal Sensitivity Metrics in multi-echo fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut microbiota transplantation drives the adoptive transfer of colonic genotype-phenotype characteristics between mice lacking catestatin and their wild type counterparts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiota is in continuous interaction with the intestinal mucosa via metabolic, neuro- immunological, and neuroendocrine pathways. Disruption in levels of antimicrobial peptides produced by the enteroendocrine cells, such as catestatin, has been associated with changes in the gut microbiota and imbalance in intestinal homeostasis. However, whether the changes in the gut microbiota have a causational role in intestinal dyshomeostasis has remained elusive. To this end, we performed reciprocal fecal microbial transplantation in wild-type mice and mice with a knockout in the catestatin coding region of the chromogranin-A gene (CST-KO mice). Combined microbiota phylogenetic profiling, RNA sequencing, and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Fecal microbiota transplantation from mice deficient in catestatin (CST-KO) to microbiota-depleted wild-type mice induced transcriptional and physiological features characteristic of a distorted colon in the recipient animals, including impairment in tight junctions, as well as an increased collagen area fraction indicating colonic fibrosis. In contrast, fecal microbiota transplantation from wild-type mice to microbiota-depleted CST-KO mice reduced collagen fibrotic area, restored disrupted tight junction morphology, and altered fatty acid metabolism in recipient CST-KO mice. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the murine metabolic- and immune-related cellular pathways and processes that are co-mediated by the fecal microbiota transplantation and supports a prominent role for the gut microbiota in the colonic distortion associated with the lack of catestatin in mice. Overall, the data show that the gut microbiota may play a causal role in the development of features of intestinal inflammation and metabolic disorders, known to be associated with altered levels of catestatin and may, thus, provide a tractable target in the treatment and prevention of these disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Davila, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwalbe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danewalia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wardenaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalile, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbeke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Aidy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.24.481402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut microbiota transplantation drives the adoptive transfer of colonic genotype-phenotype characteristics between mice lacking catestatin and their wild type counterparts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved neuropeptidergic regulation of intestinal integrity in invertebrate models of aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.24.481867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related decline in intestinal barrier function impacts survival across species, but the underlying cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a role for neuropeptides in regulating aging-associated increases in intestinal leakiness. Adult-specific knockdown of insulin-like peptides daf-28 or ins-7 in C. elegans neurons or dilp3 in D. melanogaster neurons improves intestinal integrity and lifespan of these animals, respectively. Neuropeptide knockdowns activate intestinal DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor that likely increases expression of epithelial barrier components. Furthermore, age-associated changes in neuronal DAF-28 peptide secretion mirrors C. elegans reproductive span and overexpression of this peptide suppresses the improved intestinal health in long-lived germline-less animals. Collectively, we show that intestinal integrity is subject to neuronal regulation, and this neuropeptidergic axis may be modulated by the animals germline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaduskar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumsta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.24.481867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved neuropeptidergic regulation of intestinal integrity in invertebrate models of aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A loss-of-function cysteine mutant in fibulin-3 (EFEMP1) forms aberrant extracellular disulfide-linked homodimers and alters extracellular matrix composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibulin-3 (F3 or EFEMP1) is a disulfide-rich, secreted glycoprotein necessary for maintaining extracellular matrix (ECM) and connective tissue integrity. Two studies have identified distinct autosomal recessive F3 mutations in individuals with Marfan Syndrome-like phenotypes. Herein we characterized how one of these mutations, c.163T>C; p.Cys55Arg (C55R), disrupts F3 secretion, quaternary structure, and function by forming unique extracellular disulfide-linked homodimers. Dual cysteine mutants suggest that the C55R-induced disulfide species forms because of new availability of Cys70 on adjacent F3 monomers. Surprisingly, mutation of single cysteines located near C55 (i.e., C29, C42, C48, C61, C70, C159, and C171) also produced similar extracellular disulfide-linked dimers, suggesting that this is not a phenomenon isolated to the C55R mutant. To assess C55R functionality, F3 knockout (KO) retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) were generated, followed by reintroduction of wild-type (WT) or C55R F3. F3 KO cells produced lower levels of the ECM remodeling enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and reduced formation of collagen VI ECM filaments, both of which were partially rescued by WT F3 overexpression. However, C55R F3 was unable to compensate for these same ECM-related defects. Our results highlight the unique behavior of particular cysteine mutations in F3 and uncover potential routes to restore C55R F3 loss-of-function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woodard, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakahara, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiCesare, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulleman, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.481983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A loss-of-function cysteine mutant in fibulin-3 (EFEMP1) forms aberrant extracellular disulfide-linked homodimers and alters extracellular matrix composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of different classes of genome instability suppressor genes through analysis of DNA damage response markers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified 266 genes and predicted an additional 38 genes that suppress the accumulation of spontaneous gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). Here we identified mutations that induce two DNA damage response (DDR) markers, Hug1 expression and Ddc2 foci, and combined these data with other published screens identifying mutations inducing other DDR markers, including Rad52 foci and Rnr3 expression. Together, these data identify four categories of mutations: most mutations were DDR- GCR-, 356 were DDR+ GCR-, 72 were DDR- GCR+, and 157 were DDR+ GCR+. These results indicate that induction of DDR markers alone, while allowing DDR analysis, is not a reliable indicator of increased genome instability. They also guide further analysis of mechanistically distinct groups of GCR-inducing mutations, such as mutations that increase levels of GCR-inducing DNA damage and mutations that result in mis-repair of normal levels of DNA damage resulting in GCRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, B.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolodner, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putnam, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.28.482315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of different classes of genome instability suppressor genes through analysis of DNA damage response markers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.482445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balancing activation and costimulation of CAR tunes signaling dynamics and enhances therapeutic potency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.482445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPrimary human T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ex vivo can be adoptively transferred to treat cancer. CD19-targeting CAR with CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3{zeta} activation domain have been approved by the US FDA for treating B cell malignancies.

MethodsHere we generated mutation of immunorecpetor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in CD3{zeta}, namely 1XX CAR, which altered the balance of activation and costimulation. Next we investigated whether 1XX design could enhance therapeutic potency against solid tumors. We constructed both CD19- and AXL-specific 1XX CARs and compared their in vitro and in vivo functions with their WT counterparts.

ResultsEven though 1XX CARs decreased cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro, they showed better anti-tumor efficacy in both pancreatic and melanoma mouse models. Detailed analysis revealed that 1XX CAR-T cells proliferated more in response to antigen stimulation in vitro, persisted longer in vivo and had higher percentage of central memory cells. As 1XX modification directly calibrates CAR activation potential, we utilized fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor to monitor signaling dynamics downstream of CARs. Decreased ITAM numbers in 1XX resulted in similar ZAP70 activation, while 1XX induced higher Ca2+ elevation and faster Erk activation than WT CAR, which may contribute to the better therapeutic potency of 1XX.

ConclusionsOur results established the surpiosity of 1XX against two targets in different solid tumor models and shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism of CAR signaling, paving the way for the clinical application of 1XX CARs against solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadelain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balancing activation and costimulation of CAR tunes signaling dynamics and enhances therapeutic potency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel quantitative trait locus implicates Msh3 in the propensity for genome-wide short tandem repeat expansions in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are a class of rapidly mutating genetic elements characterized by repeated units of 1 or more nucleotides. We leveraged whole genome sequencing data for 152 recombinant inbred (RI) strains from the BXD family derived from C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice to study the effects of genetic background on genome-wide patterns of new mutations at STRs. We defined quantitative phenotypes describing the numbers and types of germline STR mutations in each strain and identified a locus on chromosome 13 associated with the propensity of STRs to expand. Several dozen genes lie in the QTL region, including Msh3, a known modifier of STR stability at pathogenic repeat expansions in mice and humans. Detailed analysis of the locus revealed a cluster of variants near the 5 end of Msh3, including multiple protein-coding variants within the DNA mismatch recognition domain of MSH3, and a retrotransposon insertion overlapping an annotated exon. Additionally, gene expression analysis demonstrates co-localization of this QTL with expression QTLs for multiple nearby genes, including Msh3. Our results suggest a novel role for Msh3 in regulating genome-wide patterns of germline STR mutations and demonstrate that inherited genetic variation can contribute to variability in accumulation of new mutations across individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maksimov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashbrook, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BXD Sequencing Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel quantitative trait locus implicates Msh3 in the propensity for genome-wide short tandem repeat expansions in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precocious sperm exchange in the simultaneously hermaphroditic nudibranch, Berghia stephanieae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sexual systems vary greatly across molluscs. This diversity includes simultaneous hermaphroditism, with both sexes functional at the same time. Most nudibranch molluscs are thought to be simultaneous hermaphrodites, but detailed studies of reproductive development and timing remain rare as most species cannot be cultured in the lab. The aeolid nudibranch, Berghia stephanieae, is one such species that can be cultured through multiple generations on the benchtop. We studied B. stephanieae reproductive timing to establish when animals first exchange sperm and how long sperm can be stored. We isolated age- and size-matched individuals at sequential timepoints to learn how early individuals exchange sperm. Individuals isolated at 13 weeks post laying (wpl) can produce fertilized eggs. This is 6 weeks before animals first lay egg masses, indicating that sperm exchange occurs well before individuals are capable of laying eggs. Our results indicate that male gonads become functional for animals between 6 mm (~9 wpl) and 9 mm (~15 wpl) in length. That is much smaller (and sooner) than the size (and age) of individuals at first laying (12-19 mm; ~19 wpl), indicating that male and female functions do not develop simultaneously. We also tracked the number of fertilized eggs in each egg mass, which remained steady for the first 10-15 egg masses, followed by a decline to near-to-no fertilization. This large, novel dataset provides insights into precise timing of the onset of functionality of the male and female reproductive systems in B. stephanieae. These data contribute to a broader understanding of reproductive development and the potential for understanding evolution of diverse sexual systems in molluscs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taraporevala, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesoway, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precocious sperm exchange in the simultaneously hermaphroditic nudibranch, Berghia stephanieae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biologically-derived neoproteoglycans for profiling protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of highly negatively charged membrane associated and extracellular matrix polysaccharides involved in the regulation of myriad biological functions, including cell adhesion, migration, signaling and differentiation, among others. GAGs are typically attached to core proteins, termed proteoglycans (PGs), and can engage >500 binding proteins, making them prominent relays for sensing external stimuli and transducing cellular responses. However, their unique substructural protein-recognition domains that confer their binding specificity remain elusive. While the emergence of glycan arrays has rapidly enabled the profiling of ligand specificities of a range of glycan-binding proteins, their adaptation for the analysis of GAG-binding proteins has been considerably more challenging. Current GAG-microarrays primarily employ synthetically defined oligosaccharides, which capture only a fraction of the structural diversity of native GAG polysaccharides. Augmenting existing array platforms to include GAG structures purified from tissues or produced in cells with engineered glycan biosynthetic pathways may significantly advance the understanding of structure-activity relationships in GAG-protein interactions. Here, we demonstrate an efficient and tunable strategy to mimic cellular proteoglycan architectures by conjugating biologically-derived GAG chains to a protein scaffold, defined as neoproteoglycans (neoPGs). The use of a reactive fluorogenic linker enabled real-time monitoring of the conjugation reaction efficiency and tuning of the neoPG valency. Immobilization of the reagents on a 96-well array platform allowed for efficient probing of ligand binding and enzyme substrate specificity, including growth factors and the human sulfatase 1. The neoPGs can also be used directly as soluble probes to evaluate GAG-dependent growth factor signaling in cells.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=92 SRC="FIGDIR/small/482917v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porell, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Follmar, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timm, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laubach, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozirovskiy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thacker, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordts, P. L. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.482917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biologically-derived neoproteoglycans for profiling protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.05.483134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell size asymmetries in the sea star embryo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.05.483134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell size asymmetries are often linked to cell fate decisions, due to cell volumes and cell fate determinants being unequally partitioned during asymmetric cell divisions. A clear example is found in the sea urchin embryo, where a characteristic and obvious unequal 4th cleavage generates micromeres, which are necessary for mesendoderm cell fate specification. Unlike sea urchin development, sea star development is generally thought to have only equal cleavage. However, subtle cell size asymmetries can be observed in sea star embryos; whether those cell size asymmetries are consistently produced during sea star development and if they are involved in cell fate decisions remains unknown. Using confocal live imaging of early embryos we quantified cell size asymmetries in 16-cell stage embryos of two sea star species, Patiria miniata and Patiriella regularis. Using photoconversion to perform lineage tracing, we find that the position of the smallest cells of P. miniata embryos is biased toward anterior ventral tissues. However, both blastomere dissociation and mechanical removal of one small cell do not prevent dorsoventral (DV) axis formation, suggesting that embryos compensate for the loss of those cells and asymmetric partitioning of maternal determinants is not strictly necessary for DV patterning. Finally, we show that manipulating cell size to introduce artificial cell size asymmetries is not sufficient to direct the positioning of the future DV axis in P. miniata embryos. Our results show that although cell size asymmetries are consistently produced during sea star early cleavage and may be predictive of the DV axis, they are not necessary to instruct DV axis formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barone, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.05.483134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell size asymmetries in the sea star embryo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fish microbiomes 101: disentangling the rules governing marine fish mucosal microbiomes across 101 species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fish are the most diverse and widely distributed vertebrates, yet little is known about the microbial ecology of fishes nor the biological and environmental factors that influence the fish microbiome. The microbiota from 101 species of Southern California marine fishes, spanning 22 orders, 55 families, and 83 genera representing ~25% of local marine fish diversity, was analyzed to identify patterns that explain microbial diversity patterns in a geographical subset of marine fish biodiversity. We compared fish microbiomes (gill, skin, midgut, and hindgut) using alpha, beta, and gamma diversity along with establishing a novel method to estimate microbial biomass (Qiime2 plugin katharoseq). For oceanic fishes from the neritic zone, host size and distance from shore were negatively associated with microbial biomass densities and diversity in the gills. Body site was the strongest driver for beta diversity with strong evidence of phylosymbiosis observed across the gill, skin, and hindgut, but not midgut. The majority of microbes from all fish body sites were of unknown origin but overall sea water generally contributes more microbes to fish mucus compared to marine sediment. In a meta-analysis of vertebrate hindguts (569 species), mammals had the highest gamma diversity when controlling for host species number while fishes had the highest percent of unique microbial taxa (92%). In fishes, the midgut, gill, and skin contains the majority of microbial diversity which collectively can be 5.5 times higher than the hindgut. The composite dataset will be useful to vertebrate microbiome researchers and fish biologists interested in microbial ecology with applications in aquaculture and fisheries management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vechinski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frable, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skelton, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunselman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fish microbiomes 101: disentangling the rules governing marine fish mucosal microbiomes across 101 species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Candidates for Drug Repurposing to Address the Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the protein-protein interactome, we have previously identified a significant overlap between schizophrenia risk genes and genes associated with cognitive performance. Here, we further studied this overlap to identify potential candidate drugs for repurposing to treat the cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. We first defined a cognition-related schizophrenia interactome from network propagation analyses, and identified drugs known to target more than one protein within this network. Thereafter, we used gene expression data to further select drugs that could counteract schizophrenia-associated gene expression perturbations. Additionally, we stratified these analyses by sex to identify sex-specific pharmacological treatment options for the cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. After excluding drugs contraindicated in schizophrenia, we identified eight drug candidates, most of which have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Due to gene expression differences in male and female patients, four of those drugs were also selected in our male-specific analyses, and the other four in the female-specific analyses. Based on our bioinformatics analyses of disease genetics, we suggest eight candidate drugs that warrant further examination for repurposing to treat the cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia, and suggest that these symptoms could be addressed by sex-specific pharmacological treatment options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Candidates for Drug Repurposing to Address the Cognitive Symptoms in Schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of an MMP Inhibitor to the Heart post Myocardial Infarction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this paper, we describe block copolymer amphiphiles consisting of a hydrophilic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) peptide substrate, and a hydrophobic small molecule MMP inhibitor PD166793 for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. These resulting drug loaded peptide-polymer amphiphiles (PPAs) assemble in aqueous solution to yield drug loaded micellar nanoparticles. Following minimally invasive intravenous injection, these nanoparticles preferentially exit the vasculature and are physically trapped at the infarcted region of the heart due to MMP-induced peptide cleavage and aggregation. This MMP directed active assembly prevents the material from leaking out into the blood stream, enabling long-term retention. Further, we show that the conjugated MMP inhibitor (PD166793) is inactivated in the core of the micelles and can be released upon the action of proteases and esterases, leading to MMP inhibition. This work establishes a promising targeted nanoparticle platform for delivering small molecule therapeutics to the heart.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthington, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianneschi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzyme-Responsive Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of an MMP Inhibitor to the Heart post Myocardial Infarction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allosteric inhibitors of Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease targeting protease in super-open conformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is considered a major health threat causing cases of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. Here we targeted a transient deep and hydrophobic pocket of the super-open conformation of ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease to overcome the limitations of the orthosteric inhibitors. After virtual docking screening of approximately 7 million compounds against the novel allosteric site we selected the top seven candidates and tested them in an enzymatic assay. Six out of seven top candidates selected by the docking screen inhibited ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease proteolytic activity at low micromolar concentrations, as well as suppressing viral replication. These six compounds, targeting the selected protease pocket conserved in ZIKV as well as several other Flaviviruses, have opened an opportunity for a new kind of drug candidate that might be useful to treat several flaviviral infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meewan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiryaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terskikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.09.483711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allosteric inhibitors of Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease targeting protease in super-open conformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open modification searching of SARS-CoV-2-human protein interaction data reveals novel viral modification sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, has led to an ongoing global pandemic since 2019. Mass spectrometry can be used to understand the molecular mechanisms of viral infection by SARS-CoV-2, for example, by determining virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) through which SARS-CoV-2 hijacks its human hosts during infection, and to study the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs). We have reanalyzed public affinity purification mass spectrometry data using open modification searching to investigate the presence of PTMs in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 virus-host PPI network. Based on an over two-fold increase in identified spectra, our detected protein interactions show a high overlap with independent mass spectrometry-based SARS-CoV-2 studies and virus-host interactions for alternative viruses, as well as previously unknown protein interactions. Additionally, we identified several novel modification sites on SARS-CoV-2 proteins that we investigated in relation to their interactions with host proteins. A detailed analysis of relevant modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and S-nitrosylation, provides important hypotheses about the functional role of these modifications during viral infection by SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adams, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laukens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.10.483652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open modification searching of SARS-CoV-2-human protein interaction data reveals novel viral modification sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated cell atlas of the human lung in health and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organ- and body-scale cell atlases have the potential to transform our understanding of human biology. To capture the variability present in the population, these atlases must include diverse demographics such as age and ethnicity from both healthy and diseased individuals. The growth in both size and number of single-cell datasets, combined with recent advances in computational techniques, for the first time makes it possible to generate such comprehensive large-scale atlases through integration of multiple datasets. Here, we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA) combining 46 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.2 million cells from 444 individuals across health and disease. The HLCA contains a consensus re-annotation of published and newly generated datasets, resolving under- or misannotation of 59% of cells in the original datasets. The HLCA enables recovery of rare cell types, provides consensus marker genes for each cell type, and uncovers gene modules associated with demographic covariates and anatomical location within the respiratory system. To facilitate the use of the HLCA as a reference for single-cell lung research and allow rapid analysis of new data, we provide an interactive web portal to project datasets onto the HLCA. Finally, we demonstrate the value of the HLCA reference for interpreting disease-associated changes. Thus, the HLCA outlines a roadmap for the development and use of organ-scale cell atlases within the Human Cell Atlas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sikkema, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strobl, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zappia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madissoon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markov, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaragosi, L.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arguel, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apperloo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becavin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chichelnitskiy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, M.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooshiar Kashani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapellos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kole, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papen, von, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Suastegui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schniering, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walzthoeni, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donno, de, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dony, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heumos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarra, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotfollahi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabib, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talavera-Lopez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travaglini, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.10.483747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated cell atlas of the human lung in health and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A distinct subset of oligodendrocyte lineage cells interact with the developing dorsal root entry during its genesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cell of the CNS and are critical for the functionality of the nervous system. In the packed CNS, we know distinct profiles of oligodendrocytes are present. Here, we used intravital imaging in zebrafish to identify a distinct oligodendrocyte lineage cell (OLC) that resides on the dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons in the spinal cord. Our profiling of OLC cellular dynamics revealed a distinct cell cluster that interacts with peripheral sensory neurons at the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). With pharmacological, physical and genetic manipulations, we show that the entry of dorsal root ganglia pioneer axons across the DREZ is important to produce sensory located oligodendrocyte lineage cells. These oligodendrocyte lineage cells on peripherally derived sensory neurons display distinct processes that are stable and do not express mbp. Upon their removal, sensory behavior related to the DRG neurons is abolished. Together, these data support the hypothesis that peripheral neurons at the DREZ can also impact oligodendrocyte development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallant, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.10.483786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A distinct subset of oligodendrocyte lineage cells interact with the developing dorsal root entry during its genesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Double NPY motifs at the N-terminus of Sso2 synergistically bind Sec3 to promote membrane fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exocytosis is an active vesicle trafficking process by which eukaryotes secrete materials to the extracellular environment and insert membrane proteins into the plasma membrane. The final step of exocytosis in yeast involves the assembly of two t-SNAREs, Sso1/2 and Sec9, with the v-SNARE, Snc1/2, on secretory vesicles. The rate-limiting step in this process is the formation of a binary complex of the two t-SNAREs. Despite a previous report of acceleration of binary complex assembly by Sec3, it remains unknown how Sso2 is efficiently recruited to the vesicle-docking site marked by Sec3. Here we report a crystal structure of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Sec3 in complex with a nearly full-length version of Sso2 lacking only its C-terminal transmembrane helix. The structure shows a previously uncharacterized binding site for Sec3 at the N-terminus of Sso2, consisting of two highly conserved triple residue motifs (NPY: Asn-Pro-Tyr). We further reveal that the two NPY motifs bind Sec3 synergistically, which together with the previously reported binding interface constitute dual-site interactions between Sso2 and Sec3 to drive the fusion of secretory vesicles at target sites on the plasma membrane.

SignificanceSNARE assembly, which involves one v-SNARE with two t-SNARE proteins, drives the fusion of vesicles to target compartments. The rate-limiting step in SNARE assembly is the assembly of the two t-SNARE proteins on the target membrane. Previous studies in yeast showed that Sec3, a component of the exocyst vesicle tethering complex, directly interacts with the t-SNARE protein Sso2 to promote fast assembly of an Sso2-Sec9 binary t-SNARE complex. This paper presents a new crystal structure of the Sec3 PH domain in complex with a nearly full-length version of Sso2, which reveals a previously unknown binding site for Sec3 at the N-terminus of Sso2. Our work demonstrates that the dual-site interactions between Sso2 and Sec3 plays an essential role in promoting the fusion of secretory vesicles at target sites on the plasma membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novick, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Double NPY motifs at the N-terminus of Sso2 synergistically bind Sec3 to promote membrane fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combining two Genetic Sexing Strains allows sorting of non-transgenic males for Aedes genetic control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical control of disease vectoring mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti is costly, unsustainable, and increasingly ineffective due to the spread of insecticide resistance. The Sterile Insect Technique is a valuable alternative but is limited by the slow, error-prone, and wasteful sex-separation requirement. Here, we present four Genetic Sexing Strains (two for each Aedes species) based on fluorescence markers linked to the m and M sex loci, allowing for the isolation of transgenic males. Furthermore, we demonstrate how combining these sexing strains enables the production of non-transgenic males. Scaling-up would allow the sorting of 100,000 first instar male larvae in under 1.5 hours with an estimated 0.01-0.1% female contamination. Cost-efficiency analyses revealed that using these strains could result in important savings while setting up and running a mass-rearing facility. Altogether, these Genetic Sexing Strains should enable a major upscaling in control programmes against these important vectors.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=136 SRC="FIGDIR/small/483912v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lutrat, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burckbuchler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olmo, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beugnon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontaine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldet, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouyer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marois, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combining two Genetic Sexing Strains allows sorting of non-transgenic males for Aedes genetic control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational footprint of platinum chemotherapy in a secondary thyroid cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent endocrine tumor with a generally excellent prognosis, a patient developed a clinically aggressive PTC eleven years after receiving platinum chemotherapy for ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Germline and somatic analyses of multi-temporal and multi-regional molecular profiles indicated that ovarian and thyroid tumors did not share common genetic alterations. PTC tumors had driver events associated with aggressive PTC behavior, an RBPMS-NTRK3 fusion and a TERT promoter mutation. Spatial and temporal genomic heterogeneity analysis indicated a close link between anatomical locations and molecular patterns of PTC. Mutational signature analyses demonstrated a molecular footprint of platinum exposure, and that aggressive molecular drivers of PTC were linked to prior platinum-associated mutagenesis. This case provides a direct association between platinum chemotherapy exposure and secondary solid tumor evolution, in specific aggressive thyroid carcinoma, and suggests that uniform clinical assessments for secondary PTC after platinum chemotherapy may warrant further evaluation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schiantarelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pappa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conway, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowdis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reardon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietlein, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanizzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosma-Moody, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imamovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kofman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shannon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barletta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational footprint of platinum chemotherapy in a secondary thyroid cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.15.484295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneous multimeric metabolite ion species observed in LC-MS based metabolomics data sets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.15.484295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Covalent or non-covalent heterogeneous multimerization of molecules associated with extracts from biological samples analyzed via LC-MS is quite difficult to recognize/annotate and therefore the prevalence of multimerization remains largely unknown. In this study, we utilized 13C labeled and unlabeled Pichia pastoris extracts to recognize heterogeneous multimers. More specifically, between 0.8% and 1.5% of the biologically-derived features detected in our experiments were confirmed to be heteromers, about half of which we could successfully annotate with monomeric partners. Interestingly, we found specific chemical classes such as nucleotides to disproportionately contribute to heteroadducts. Furthermore, we compiled these compounds into the first MS/MS library that included data from heteromultimers to provide a starting point for other labs to improve the annotation of such ions in other metabolomics data sets. Then, the detected heteromers were also searched in publicly accessible LC-MS datasets available in Metabolights, Metabolomics WB, and GNPS/MassIVE to demonstrate that these newly annotated ions are also relevant to other public datasets. Furthermore, in additional datasets (Triticum aestivum, Fusarium graminearum, and Trichoderma reesei) our developed workflow also detected 0.5% to 4.9% of metabolite features to originate from heterodimers, demonstrating heteroadducts to be present in metabolomics studies at a low percentage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueschl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzenboeck, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doppler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanghellini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koellensperger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.15.484295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous multimeric metabolite ion species observed in LC-MS based metabolomics data sets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.15.484522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cavitation Induced Fracture of Intact Brain Tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.15.484522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nonpenetrating traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are linked to cavitation. The structural organization of the brain makes it particularly susceptible to tears and fractures from these cavitation events, but limitations in existing characterization methods make it difficult to understand the relationship between fracture and cavitation in this tissue. More broadly, fracture energy is an important, yet often overlooked, mechanical property of all soft tissues. We combined needle-induced cavitation (NIC) with hydraulic fracture models to induce and quantify fracture in intact brains at precise locations. We report here the first measurements of the fracture energy of intact brain tissue that range from 1.5 to 8.9 J/m2, depending on the location in the brain and the model applied. We observed that fracture consistently occurs along interfaces between regions of brain tissue. These fractures along interfaces allow cavitation-related damage to propagate several millimeters away from the initial injury site. Quantifying the forces necessary to fracture brain and other soft tissues is critical for understanding how impact and blast waves damage tissue in vivo and has implications for the design of protective gear and tissue engineering.

SignificanceMild injuries associated with concussion and blast waves cause tearing of brain tissue, which leads to traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a leading cause of death and disability among children and young adults in the U.S., with 1.5 million Americans reporting a TBI each year. We introduce a novel approach to visualize these tears in intact brain tissue, and report the energies associated with brain fracture. Quantifying the fracture energy of brain, as we have done here, is critical to understand the forces from injury that lead to TBI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dougan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosby, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.15.484522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cavitation Induced Fracture of Intact Brain Tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune and Clotting Dysfunction Detected in Saliva and Blood Plasma after COVID-19. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing number of studies indicate that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with inflammatory sequelae, but molecular signatures governing the normal vs. pathologic convalescence process have not been well-delineated. We characterized global immune and proteome responses in matched plasma and saliva samples obtained from COVID-19 patients collected between 4-6 weeks after initial clinical symptoms resolved. Convalescent subjects showed robust IgA and IgG responses and positive antibody correlations between matched saliva and plasma samples. However, global shotgun proteomics revealed persistent inflammatory patterns in convalescent samples including dysfunction of salivary innate immune cells and clotting factors in plasma (e.g., fibrinogen and antithrombin), with positive correlations to acute COVID-19 disease severity. Saliva samples were characterized by higher concentrations of IgA, and proteomics showed altered pathways that correlated positively with IgA levels. Our study positions saliva as a viable fluid to monitor immunity beyond plasma to document COVID-19 immune, inflammatory, and coagulation-related sequelae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievers, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelbart, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freire, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.18.484814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune and Clotting Dysfunction Detected in Saliva and Blood Plasma after COVID-19.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CNETML: Maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny from copy number profiles of spatio-temporal samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.18.484889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic trees based on copy number alterations (CNAs) for multi-region samples of a single cancer patient are helpful to understand the spatio-temporal evolution of cancers, especially in tumours driven by chromosomal instability. Due to the high cost of deep sequencing data, low-coverage data are more accessible in practice, which only allow the calling of (relative) total copy numbers due to the lower resolution. However, methods to reconstruct sample phylogenies from CNAs often use allele-specific copy numbers and those using total copy number are mostly distance matrix or maximum parsimony methods which do not handle temporal data or estimate mutation rates. In this work, we developed a new maximum likelihood method based on a novel evolutionary model of CNAs, CNETML, to infer phylogenies from spatio-temporal samples taken within a single patient. CNETML is the first program to jointly infer the tree topology, node ages, and mutation rates from total copy numbers when samples were taken at different time points. Our extensive simulations suggest CNETML performed well even on relative copy numbers with subclonal whole genome doubling events and under slight violation of model assumptions. The application of CNETML to real data from Barretts esophagus patients also generated consistent results with previous discoveries and novel early CNAs for further investigations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtius, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.18.484889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CNETML: Maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny from copy number profiles of spatio-temporal samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.484899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning at Different Life Stages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.484899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms underpinning age-related variations in cortical thickness in the human brain remain poorly understood. We investigated whether inter-regional age-related variations in cortical thinning (in a multicohort neuroimaging dataset from the ENIGMA Lifespan Working Group totalling 14,248 individuals, aged 4-89 years) depended on cell-specific marker gene expression levels. We found differences amidst early-life (<20 years), mid-life (20-60 years), and late-life (>60 years) in the patterns of association between inter-regional profiles of cortical thickness and expression profiles of marker genes for CA1 and S1 pyramidal cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Gene ontology and enrichment analyses indicated that each of the three life-stages was associated with different biological processes and cellular components: synaptic modeling in early life, neurotransmission in mid-life, and neurodegeneration in late-life. These findings provide mechanistic insights into age-related cortical thinning during typical development and aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Modabbernia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal-Pineiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesa-Arriola, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourque, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buitelaar, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canales-Rodriguez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caseras, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrod, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo-Facorro, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crivello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crone, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zubicaray, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickie, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dima, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frenzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabe, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero-Pedraza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoekstra, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulshoff Pol, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalnin, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kochan, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazoyer,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.484899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable Cellular and Genetic Mechanisms of Cortical Thinning at Different Life Stages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin-associated lncRNA Malat1 regulates Th17 effector program and promotes intestinal inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.21.485192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interleukin IL-17 cytokines are central regulators of mucosal homeostasis and disease. In mouse models of colonic tissue injury, IL-17A promotes epithelial barrier functions and restricts local inflammation. Here, we report that IL-17A production by the diverse T lymphocyte subsets is dynamically regulated at different stages of colitis pathogenesis. During the onset and peak of the disease, T{gamma}{delta}17 cells are the major IL-17A producers, while Th17 activity is temporally restricted by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Malat1. In response to IL-6 and TGF{beta} signaling, Malat1 is recruited to the Th17-specific cis-regulatory elements, CNS3 and CNS4, of the Il17a locus to fine-tune bivalent super-enhancer activities and repress local transcription. During the resolution phase of inflammation, Malat1 expression is down-regulated to enhance Th17 activities, allowing Th17 cells to emerge as the main producers of IL-17A in the colonic lamina propria. Genetic ablation of Malat1 potentiates IL-17A production in Th17 cells and improves disease outcomes in mouse models of colitis. These findings uncover a surprising role of a chromatin-associated lncRNA in regulating colonic Th17-specific responses to control the timing of inflammation resolution.

Significance StatementT cells are critical modulators of mucosal barrier function and inflammation. The function of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T cells and their role in mucosal inflammation remain elusive. Here, we identify an essential role of the lncRNA Malat1 restricting transcription of the Il17a locus in Th17 cells encoding a cytokine implicated in epithelial barrier function post-injury. By controlling the activity of the bivalent super-enhancer at the Il17a locus, Malat1 regulates the timing of inflammation resolution in the intestine. The Malat1-Il17a pathway reveals new targets for combating mucosal diseases.

Graphic Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W. J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.485192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin-associated lncRNA Malat1 regulates Th17 effector program and promotes intestinal inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.484325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPACA6 structure reveals a conserved superfamily of gamete fusion-associated proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.484325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SPACA6 is a sperm-expressed surface protein that is critical for gamete fusion during mammalian sexual reproduction. Despite this fundamental role, little is known about how SPACA6 specifically functions. We elucidated the crystal structure of SPACA6 at 2.2-[A] resolution, revealing a two-domain protein containing a four-helix bundle and Ig-like {beta}-sandwich connected via a quasi-flexible linker. Based on the structural analysis, we propose SPACA6 is a founding member of a superfamily of gamete fusion-associated proteins, herein dubbed the IST superfamily. The IST superfamily is defined structurally by its distorted four-helix bundle and a pair of disulfide-bonded CXXC motifs. A structure-based search of the AlphaFold human proteome identified more protein members to this superfamily; remarkably, many of these proteins are linked to gamete fusion. The SPACA6 structure and its connection to other IST-superfamily members provide a missing link in our knowledge of mammalian gamete fusion.

Significance StatementSPACA6 is a human sperm protein vital for the fusion of gametes, though its exact function remains a mystery. We present the first solved structure of SPACA6: a two-domain fold comprised of an Ig-like domain and a distorted four-helix bundle. Dali searches of the PDB and AlphaFold reveal a family of structurally related proteins, several of which are also known to play a role in gamete fusion; as such, SPACA6 is a founding member of a conserved protein superfamily, dubbed the IST superfamily. Evolutionary analysis to ascertain functionally relevant structural elements in SPACA6 show a conservation of flexibility between the two domains and several conserved surfaces that could function as protein-protein interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vance, T. D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gawol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrnes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziyyat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.484325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPACA6 structure reveals a conserved superfamily of gamete fusion-associated proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autoantibody discovery across monogenic, acquired, and COVID19-associated autoimmunity with scalable PhIP-Seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phage Immunoprecipitation-Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) allows for unbiased, proteome-wide autoantibody discovery across a variety of disease settings, with identification of disease-specific autoantigens providing new insight into previously poorly understood forms of immune dysregulation. Despite several successful implementations of PhIP-Seq for autoantigen discovery, including our previous work (Vazquez et al. 2020), current protocols are inherently difficult to scale to accommodate large cohorts of cases and importantly, healthy controls. Here, we develop and validate a high throughput extension of PhIP-seq in various etiologies of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including APS1, IPEX, RAG1/2 deficiency, Kawasaki Disease (KD), Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and finally, mild and severe forms of COVID19. We demonstrate that these scaled datasets enable machine-learning approaches that result in robust prediction of disease status, as well as the ability to detect both known and novel autoantigens, such as PDYN in APS1 patients, and intestinally expressed proteins BEST4 and BTNL8 in IPEX patients. Remarkably, BEST4 antibodies were also found in 2 patients with RAG1/2 deficiency, one of whom had very early onset IBD. Scaled PhIP-Seq examination of both MIS-C and KD demonstrated rare, overlapping antigens, including CGNL1, as well as several strongly enriched putative pneumonia-associated antigens in severe COVID19, including the endosomal protein EEA1. Together, scaled PhIP-Seq provides a valuable tool for broadly assessing both rare and common autoantigen overlap between autoimmune diseases of varying origins and etiologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodansky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quandt, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferre, E. M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landegren, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eriksson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandel-Brehm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremoulet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kämpe, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delmonte, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notarangelo, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lionakis, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torgerson, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRisi, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.485509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autoantibody discovery across monogenic, acquired, and COVID19-associated autoimmunity with scalable PhIP-Seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct bile salt hydrolase substrate preferences dictate C. difficile pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary paragraphBile acids (BAs) mediate the crosstalk between human and microbial cells and influence intestinal diseases including Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). While bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) shape the BA pool by deconjugating conjugated BAs, the basis for their substrate preferences and impact on C. difficile remain elusive. Here, we survey the diversity of Lactobacillus BSHs and unravel the structural basis of their substrate preference. We show that leveraging BSH activity and specificity is an effective strategy to prevent C. difficile growth in clinically relevant CDI models. A range of non-canonical conjugated BAs is also identified, comprising unique BSH substrates that also inhibit C. difficile spore germination. These findings establish BSHs as intestinal enzymes essential to BA homeostasis and colonization resistance against C. difficile.

One sentence summaryBile salt hydrolase activity inhibits C. difficile by shaping the conventional and non-canonical conjugated bile acid pools
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foley, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Flaherty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaty, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanhoy, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGill, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redinbo, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrangou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriot, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.485529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct bile salt hydrolase substrate preferences dictate C. difficile pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two modes of mid-frontal theta suggest a role in conflict and error processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mid-frontal theta increases during scenarios when conflicts are successfully resolved. Often considered as a generic signal of cognitive control, its temporal nature has hardly been investigated. Using advanced spatiotemporal techniques, we uncover that mid-frontal theta occurs as a transient oscillation or "event" at single trials with their timing reflecting computationally distinct modes. Single-trial analyses of electrophysiological data from participants performing the Flanker (N = 28) and Simon task (N = 18) were used to probe the relationship between theta and metrics of response conflict. We specifically investigated "partial errors", in which a small burst of muscle activity in the incorrect response effector occurred, quickly followed by a correction. We found that transient theta events in single trials could be categorized into two distinct theta modes based on their relative timing to different task events. Theta events from the first mode occurred briefly after the task stimulus and might reflect conflict-related processing of the stimulus. In contrast, theta events from the second mode were more likely to occur around the time partial errors were committed, suggesting they were elicited by a potential upcoming error. Importantly, in trials in which a full error was committed, this "error-related theta" occurred too late with respect to the onset of the erroneous muscle response, supporting a role of theta also in error correction. We conclude that different modes of transient mid-frontal theta can be adopted in single trials not only to process stimulus conflict, but also to correct erroneous responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two modes of mid-frontal theta suggest a role in conflict and error processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The general anesthetic isoflurane inhibits calcium activity in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and disrupts vascular tone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.25.485881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calcium signaling in cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CVECs) has been identified to play key physiological and pathological roles in blood brain barrier function and neurovascular coupling, which involve dynamic changes in vessel diameter. However, there are no studies that measured correlated changes in vessel diameter and calcium activity in CVECs in vivo. In this study, we used the general anesthetic isoflurane (ISO) to induce a maximally dilated state in cortical blood vessels and measured the effects of the manipulation on CVEC calcium reporter activity in awake Cdh5BAC-GCaMP mice by use of two-photon fluorescence microscopy through thinned skull cranial windows. For the first time, we report dual effects of ISO on calcium activity in cerebral blood vessels of different diameter. During anesthesia induction ISO exposure triggered a short latency synchronous increase in calcium activity, followed by a period of activity suppression in small, medium, and large diameter vessels. Furthermore, during anesthesia maintenance calcium activity was desynchronized, and the relationship between vascular tone and calcium activity was disrupted in all vessel types. Based on these results we propose that there is a feedback mechanism between intracellular calcium fluctuations in CVECs and the maintenance of cerebrovascular tone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Contreras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.25.485881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The general anesthetic isoflurane inhibits calcium activity in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and disrupts vascular tone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CryoET Reveals Organelle Phenotypes in Huntington Disease Patient iPSC-Derived and Mouse Primary Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons Disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene, yielding a Huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can help understand disease; however, defining pathological biomarkers is challenging. Here, we used cryogenic electron tomography to visualize neurites in HD patient iPSC-derived neurons with varying CAG repeats, and primary cortical neurons from BACHD, deltaN17-BACHD, and wild-type mice. In HD models, we discovered mitochondria with enlarged granules and distorted cristae, and thin sheet aggregates in double membrane-bound organelles. We used artificial intelligence to quantify mitochondrial granules, and proteomics to show differential protein content in HD mitochondria. Knockdown of Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT1 ameliorated aberrant phenotypes in iPSC-neurons and reduced phenotypes in BACHD neurons. We show that integrated ultrastructural and proteomic approaches may uncover early HD phenotypes to accelerate diagnostics and the development of targeted therapeutics for HD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith-Geater, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galaz-Montoya, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupte, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miramontes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danita, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubert, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frydman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CryoET Reveals Organelle Phenotypes in Huntington Disease Patient iPSC-Derived and Mouse Primary Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macroevolutionary diversity of traits and genomes in the model yeast genus Saccharomyces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species is the fundamental unit to quantify biodiversity. In recent years, the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has seen an increased number of studies related to its geographical distribution, population structure, and phenotypic diversity. However, seven additional species from the same genus have been less thoroughly studied, which has limited our understanding of the macroevolutionary leading to the diversification of this genus over the last 20 million years. Here, we report the geographies, hosts, substrates, and phylogenetic relationships for approximately 1,800 Saccharomyces strains, covering the complete genus with unprecedented breadth and depth. We generated and analyzed complete genome sequences of 163 strains and phenotyped 128 phylogenetically diverse strains. This dataset provides insights about genetic and phenotypic diversity within and between species and populations, quantifies reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting, and demonstrates how gene flow and selection have affected traits, such as galactose metabolism. These findings elevate the genus Saccharomyces as a model to understand biodiversity and evolution in microbial eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peris, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubbelohde, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kominek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langdon, Q. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koshalek, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulfachor, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opulente, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fay, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leducq, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libkind, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sampaio, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrobel, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hittinger, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.30.486421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macroevolutionary diversity of traits and genomes in the model yeast genus Saccharomyces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular organization of flat and curved caveolae indicates bendable structural units at the plasma membrane. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caveolae are small coated inner plasma membrane invaginations found in many cell types. Their diverse functions span from endocytosis to signaling, regulating key cellular processes including lipid uptake, pathogen entry, and membrane tension. Caveolae undergo shape changes from flat to curved. It is unclear which proteins regulate this process. To address this gap, we studied the shapes of caveolae with platinum replica electron microscopy in six common cell types. Next, we developed a correlative multi-color stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence and platinum replica EM imaging (CLEM) method to image caveolae-associated proteins at caveolae of different shapes at the nanoscale. Caveolins and cavins were found at all caveolae, independent of their curvature. EHD2, a classic caveolar neck protein, was strongly detected at both curved and flat caveolae. Both pacsin2 and the regulator EHBP1 were found only at a subset of caveolae. Pacsin2 was localized primarily to areas surrounding flat caveolae, whereas EHBP1 was mostly detected at spheres. Contrary to classic models, dynamin was absent from caveolae and localized only to clathrin-coated structures. Cells lacking dynamin showed no substantial changes to caveolae, suggesting that dynamin is not directly involved in caveolae curvature. Together, we provide a mechanistic map for the molecular control of caveolae shape by eight of the major caveolae-associated coat and regulatory proteins. We propose a model where caveolins, cavins, and EHD2 assemble as a cohesive structural unit regulated by more intermittent associations with pacsin2 and EHBP1. These complexes can flatten and curve, capturing membrane to enable lipid traffic and changes to the surface area of the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthaeus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sochacki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchkov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haucke, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taraska, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular organization of flat and curved caveolae indicates bendable structural units at the plasma membrane.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Full-mouth photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging of the periodontal pocket with a compact intraoral transducer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Periodontitis is a public issue and imaging periodontal pocket is important to evaluate periodontitis. Regular linear transducers have limitations in imaging the posterior teeth due to their geometry restrictions. Here we characterized a transducer that can image the entire human mouth including assessment of periodontal pockets via a combination of photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging. Unlike conventional transducer design, this device has a toothbrush-shaped form factor with a side-view transducer to image molars (total size: 1 x 1.9 cm). A laser diode was integrated as the light source to reduce the cost and size and facilitates clinical transition. The in vivo imaging of a molar of a periodontal patient demonstrated that the transducer could image in the posterior area of gum in vivo; the value determined by imaging was within 7% of the value measured clinically.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khazaeinezhad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jokerst, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Full-mouth photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging of the periodontal pocket with a compact intraoral transducer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
cGASylation by a bacterial E1-E2 fusion protein primes antiviral immune signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.31.486616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In all organisms, innate immune pathways sense viral infection and rapidly activate potent immune responses while maintaining a high degree of specificity to prevent inappropriate activation (autoimmunity). In humans, the innate-immune receptor cGAS detects viral infection to produce the nucleotide second messenger cGAMP, which initiates STING-dependent antiviral signaling. Bacteria encode predecessors of the cGAS-STING pathway, termed cyclic oliogonucleotide-based antiphage signaling systems (CBASS), and bacterial cGAS detects bacteriophage infection to produce cGAMP. How bacterial cGAS activation is controlled, however, remains unknown. Here, we show that the CBASS-associated protein Cap2 primes bacterial cGAS for activation through a ubiquitin transferase-like mechanism. A cryoelectron microscopy structure of the Cap2-cGAS complex reveals Cap2 as an all-in-one ubiquitin transferase-like protein, with distinct domains resembling the eukaryotic E1 protein ATG7 and the E2 proteins ATG10 and ATG3. The structure captures a reactive-intermediate state with the cGAS C-terminus extending into the Cap2 E1 active site and conjugated to AMP. We find that Cap2 ligates the cGAS C-terminus to a target molecule in cells, a process we call cGASylation. cGASylation primes cGAS for a [~]50-fold increase in cGAMP production. We further demonstrate that Cap2 activity is balanced by a specific endopeptidase, Cap3, which deconjugates cGAS and antagonizes antiviral signaling. Our data demonstrate that bacteria control immune signaling using an ancient, minimized ubiquitin transferase-like system and provide insight into the evolution of E1 and E2 machinery across the kingdoms of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ledvina, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteley, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.31.486616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[cGASylation by a bacterial E1-E2 fusion protein primes antiviral immune signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active vision during prey-capture in wild marmoset monkeys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here, we examined prey-capture in wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to explicate the active role of primate vision for high-precision, goal-directed motor actions in challenging natural environments. We observed distinct marmoset hunting strategies that each relied on the close integration of visual processes and dynamic biomechanical motor movements, but differed based on several factors including prey size/speed, substrate, and their relative distance to the prey. Marmoset positional behavior in these complex arboreal settings often involves extending the body, including inversions, while relying on vision to guide prey capture. Applying markerless pose estimation technology, analyses revealed details of how primate vision both guides and corrects rapid motor actions in real-time during prey-capture in the wild. These findings illustrate the significance of active vision during primate ethological behaviors in response to the very challenges the visual system evolved to solve.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Fuente, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.01.486794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active vision during prey-capture in wild marmoset monkeys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.02.486837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collagen remodeling dictates pancreatic cancer bioenergetics and outcome through DDR1 activation or degradation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.02.486837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly desmoplastic, aggressive cancer that frequently progresses by liver metastasis1. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), extracellular matrix (ECM), and type I collagen (Col I) support2-5 or restrain PDAC progression and may impede blood supply and nutrient availability6-8. The dichotomous role of the stroma in PDAC, and the mechanisms through which it influences patient survival and enables desmoplastic cancers escape nutrient limitation remain poorly understood. Here we show that matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-cleaved or intact Col I (cCol I and iCol I, respectively) exert opposing effects on PDAC bioenergetics, macropinocytosis (MP), tumor growth and liver metastasis. While cCol I activates DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor-1)-NF-{kappa}B-p62-NRF2 signaling to promote PDAC growth, iCol I triggers DDR1 degradation and restrains PDAC growth. Patients whose tumors are enriched in iCol I and low in DDR1 and NRF2 have improved median survival compared to those enriched in cCol I, DDR1 and NRF2. Inhibition of DDR1-stimulated NF-{kappa}B or mitochondrial biogenesis blocked tumorigenesis in wildtype mice but not in mice expressing MMP-resistant Col I. In summary, the diverse effects of tumor stroma on PDAC growth, metastasis, and patient survival are mediated through the Col I-DDR1-NF-{kappa}B-NRF2-mitochondrial biogenesis pathway, presenting multiple new opportunities for PDAC therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baglieri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siruno, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dozier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filliol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwabe, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.02.486837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collagen remodeling dictates pancreatic cancer bioenergetics and outcome through DDR1 activation or degradation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.03.486854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational Flexibility in Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Naturally Elicited Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.03.486854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As new variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge, it is important to assess the neutralizing capabilities of naturally elicited antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we evaluated the activity of nine anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), previously isolated from convalescent donors infected with the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, against the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. By testing an array of mutated spike receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins, cell-expressed spike proteins from VOCs, and neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs as pseudoviuses, or as the authentic viruses in culture, we show that mAbs directed against the ACE2 binding site (ACE2bs) are far more sensitive to viral evolution compared to anti-RBD non-ACE2bs mAbs, two of which kept their potency against all VOCs tested. At the second part of our study, we reveal the neutralization mechanisms at high molecular resolution of two anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing mAbs by structural characterization. We solved the structures of the Delta-neutralizing ACE2bs mAb TAU-2303 with the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer and RBD at 4.5 [A] and 2.42 [A], respectively, revealing a similar mode of binding to that between the RBD and the ACE2 receptor. Furthermore, we provide five additional structures (at resolutions of 5.54 [A], 7.76 [A], 6.47 [A], 3.45 [A], and 7.32 [A]) of a second antibody, non-ACE2bs mAb TAU-2212, complexed with the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer. TAU-2212 binds an exclusively quaternary epitope, and exhibits a unique, flexible mode of neutralization that involves transitioning between five different conformations, with both arms of the antibody recruited for cross linking intra- and inter-spike RBD subunits. Our study provides new mechanistic insights about how antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants and provides insight about the likelihood of reinfections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werbner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dassau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gal-Tanamy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freund, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.03.486854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational Flexibility in Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Naturally Elicited Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.486986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular-Dynamics Simulation Methods for Macromolecular Crystallography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.486986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To assess the potential benefits of molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations for macromolecular crystallography (MX), we performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction studies of the catalytic subunit of mouse protein kinase A (PKA-C). We then performed crystalline MD simulations of PKA-C, computed simulated electron densities from the water, protein, and ion components of the MD simulations, and carefully compared them to the initial crystal structure. The results led to the development of an MD-MX analysis procedure and several associated methods: 1) density comparison to evaluate consistency between the MD and the initial crystal structure model; 2) water building to generate alternative solvent models; and 3) protein remodeling to improve the crystal structure where interpretation of density is unclear. This procedure produced a revised structure of PKA with a new ordered water model and a modified protein structure. The revisions yield new insights into PKA mechanisms, including: a sensitivity of the His294 conformation to protonation state, with potential consequences for regulation of substrate binding; a remodeling of the Lys217 side chain along with a bound phosphate; an alternative conformation for Lys213 associated with binding to the regulatory subunit; and an alternative conformation for catalytic base Asp166 and nearby waters, suggesting a mechanism of progression of the phosphotransfer reaction via changes in Mg2+ coordination. Based on the benefits seen applying these methods to PKA, we recommend incorporating our MD-MX procedure into MX studies, to decide among ambiguous interpretations of electron density that occur, inevitably, as part of standard model refinement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wych, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoto, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolff, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.486986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular-Dynamics Simulation Methods for Macromolecular Crystallography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.486996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism-based crosslinking probes capture E. coli ketosynthase FabB in conformationally-distinct catalytic states. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.486996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketosynthases (KS) catalyse essential carbon-carbon bond forming reactions in fatty acid biosynthesis using a two-step, ping-pong reaction mechanism. In E. coli, there are two homodimeric elongating KSs, FabB and FabF, both of which possess overlapping substrate selectivity. However, FabB is essential for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) required for cell survival in the absence of exogenous UFAs. Additionally, FabB has reduced activity towards substrates longer than 14 carbons, whereas FabF efficiently catalyses the elongation of saturated C14 and unsaturated C16:1 acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) complexes. In this study, we solved two crosslinked crystal structures of FabB in complex with ACPs functionalized with long-chain fatty acid crosslinking probes that approximate catalytic steps. Both homodimeric structures possess asymmetric substrate binding pockets, suggestive of cooperative relationships between the two FabB monomers when engaged with C14 and C16 acyl chains. In addition, these structures capture an unusual rotamer of the active site gating residue, F392, potentially representative of the catalytic state prior to substrate release. These structures demonstrate the utility of mechanism-based crosslinking methods to capture and elucidate at near atomic resolution conformational transitions accompanying KS-mediated catalysis.

SynopsisCrystal structures of KS-ACP crosslinked complex elucidate chain length preference and substrate processing mechanism of E. coli FabB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mindrebo, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsuyama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohnishi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.486996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism-based crosslinking probes capture E. coli ketosynthase FabB in conformationally-distinct catalytic states.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.05.487195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unaltered T cell responses to common antigens in individuals with Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.05.487195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and ObjectivesParkinsons disease (PD) is associated with a heightened inflammatory state, including activated T cells. However, it is unclear whether these PD T cell responses are antigen specific or more indicative of generalized hyperresponsiveness. Our objective was to measure and compare antigen-specific T cell responses directed towards antigens derived from commonly encountered human pathogens/vaccines in patients with PD and age-matched healthy controls (HC).

MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 PD patients and 19 age-matched HCs were screened. Antigen specific T cell responses were measured by flow cytometry using a combination of the activation induced marker (AIM) assay and intracellular cytokine staining.

ResultsHere we show that both PD patients and HCs show similar T cell activation levels to several antigens derived from commonly encountered human pathogens/vaccines in the general population. Similarly, we also observed no difference between HC and PD in the levels of CD4 and CD8 T cell derived cytokines produced in response to any of the common antigens tested. These antigens encompassed both viral (coronavirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, cytomegalovirus) and bacterial (pertussis, tetanus) targets.

ConclusionsThese results suggest the T cell dysfunction observed in PD may not extend itself to abnormal responses to commonly encountered or vaccine-target antigens. Our study supports the notion that the targets of inflammatory T cell responses in PD may be more directed towards autoantigens like -synuclein (-syn) rather than common foreign antigens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muskat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunes, R. d. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amara, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standaert, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcalay, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulzer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlehamn, C. S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.05.487195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unaltered T cell responses to common antigens in individuals with Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.486819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collateral sensitivity as a strategy to suppress resistance emergence: the challenge of diverse evolutionary pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.486819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug resistance remains a major obstacle to malaria control and eradication efforts, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease. Drug combinations based on collateral sensitivity, wherein resistance to one drug causes increased sensitivity to the partner drug, have been proposed as an evolutionary strategy to suppress the emergence of resistance in pathogen populations. In this study, we explore collateral sensitivity between compounds targeting the Plasmodium dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). We profiled the cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity phenotypes of several DHODH mutant lines to a diverse panel of DHODH inhibitors. We focus on one compound, TCMDC-125334, which was active against all mutant lines tested, including the DHODH C276Y line, which arose in selections with the clinical candidate DSM265. We found that selection of the DHODH C276Y mutant with TCMDC-125334 yielded additional genetic changes in the dhodh locus. These double mutant parasites exhibited decreased sensitivity to TCMDC-125334 and were highly resistant to DSM265. Finally, we tested whether collateral sensitivity could be exploited to suppress the emergence of resistance in the context of combination treatment by exposing wildtype parasites to both DSM265 and TCMDC-125334 simultaneously. This selected for parasites with a DHODH V532A mutation which were cross-resistant to both compounds and were as fit as the wildtype parent in vitro. The emergence of these cross-resistant, evolutionarily fit parasites highlights the mutational flexibility of the DHODH enzyme.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mandt, R. E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luth, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazitschek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottilie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafuente-Monasterio, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamo, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukens, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.07.486819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collateral sensitivity as a strategy to suppress resistance emergence: the challenge of diverse evolutionary pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The regulatory landscape of multiple brain regions in outbred heterogeneous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.07.487560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterogeneous Stock (HS) rats are a genetically diverse outbred rat population that is widely used for studying genetics of behavioral and physiological traits. Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with transcriptional changes would help to identify mechanisms underlying these traits. We generated genotype and transcriptome data for five brain regions from 88 HS rats. We identified 21,392 cis-QTLs associated with expression and splicing changes across all five brain regions and validated their effects using allele specific expression data. We identified 80 cases where eQTLs were colocalized with genome-wide association study (GWAS) results from nine physiological traits. Comparing our dataset to human data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, we found that the HS rat data yields twice as many significant eQTLs as a similarly sized human dataset. We also identified a modest but highly significant correlation between genetic regulatory variation among orthologous genes. Surprisingly, we found less genetic variation in gene regulation in HS rats relative to humans, though we still found eQTLs for the orthologs of many human genes for which eQTLs had not been found. These data are available from the RatGTEx data portal (RatGTEx.org) and will enable new discoveries of the genetic influences of complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehsan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gusev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.07.487560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The regulatory landscape of multiple brain regions in outbred heterogeneous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.09.487756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting N-Myc in Neuroblastoma with Selective Aurora Kinase A Degraders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.09.487756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary ParagraphMYCN amplification is the most frequent genetic driver in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) and strongly associated with poor prognosis.1,2 The N-Myc transcription factor, which is encoded by MYCN, is a mechanistically validated, yet challenging target for NB therapy development.3,4 In normal neuronal progenitors, N-Myc undergoes rapid degradation, while in MYCN-amplified NB cells, Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) binds to and stabilizes N-Myc, resulting in elevated protein levels.5,6 Allosteric Aurora-A inhibitors that displace N-Myc from binding can promote N-Myc degradation, but with limited efficacy.7-10 Here, we report a chemical approach to decrease N-Myc levels through the targeted protein degradation of Aurora-A. A first-in-class Aurora-A/N-Myc degrader, HLB-0532259 (compound 4), was developed from a novel Aurora-A-binding ligand that engages the Aurora-A/N-Myc complex. HLB-0532259 promotes the degradation of both Aurora-A and N-Myc with nanomolar potency and excellent selectivity and surpasses the cellular efficacy of established allosteric Aurora-A inhibitors. HLB-0532259 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics properties and elicits tumor reduction in murine xenograft NB models. More broadly, this study delineates a novel strategy for targeting "undruggable" proteins that are reliant on accessory proteins for cellular stabilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moorthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naumann, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillo, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haefner, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levinson, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harki, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.09.487756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting N-Myc in Neuroblastoma with Selective Aurora Kinase A Degraders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chemomechanical model of sperm locomotion reveals two modes of swimming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The propulsion of mammalian spermatozoa during reproduction relies on the spontaneous periodic oscillation of their flagella. These oscillations are driven internally by the coordinated action of ATP-powered dynein motors that exert active sliding forces between microtubule doublets, resulting in bending waves that propagate along the flagellum and enable locomotion of the cell through the viscous medium. In this work, we present a chemomechanical model of a freely swimming spermatozoon that uses a sliding-control model of the flagellar axoneme capturing the coupling of motor kinetics with elastic deformations and accounts for the effect of non-local hydrodynamic interactions between the sperm head and flagellum. Nonlinear simulations of the model equations are shown to produce realistic beating patterns and swimming trajectories, which we analyze as a function of sperm number and motor activity. Our results demonstrate that the swimming velocity does not vary monotonically with dynein activity, but instead displays two local maxima corresponding to distinct modes of swimming, each characterized by qualitatively different waveforms and trajectories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakrabarti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castilla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saintillan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.10.487801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chemomechanical model of sperm locomotion reveals two modes of swimming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Olfactory receptor neurons generate multiple response motifs, increasing coding space dimensionality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Odorants binding to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) trigger bursts of action potentials, providing the brain with its only experience of the olfactory environment. Our recordings made in vivo from locust ORNs showed odor-elicited firing patterns comprise four distinct response motifs, each defined by a reliable temporal profile. Different odorants could elicit different response motifs from a given ORN, a property we term motif switching. Further, each motif undergoes its own form of sensory adaptation when activated by repeated plume-like odor pulses. A computational model constrained by our recordings revealed that organizing responses into multiple motifs provides substantial benefits for classifying odors and processing complex odor plumes: each motif contributes uniquely to encode the plumes composition and structure. Multiple motifs and motif switching further improve odor classification by expanding coding dimensionality. Our model demonstrated these response features could provide benefits for olfactory navigation, including determining the distance to an odor source.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldworth, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rulkov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stopfer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.487908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Olfactory receptor neurons generate multiple response motifs, increasing coding space dimensionality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An intrinsically disordered transcription activation domain alters the DNA binding affinity and specificity of NFκB p50/RelA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many transcription factors contain intrinsically disordered transcription activation domains (TADs), which mediate interactions with co-activators to activate transcription. Historically, DNA-binding domains and TADs have been considered as modular units, but recent studies have shown that TADs can influence DNA binding. We biophysically characterized the NF{kappa}B p50/RelA heterodimer including the RelA TAD and investigated the TADs influence on NF{kappa}B-DNA interactions. In solution the RelA TAD is disordered but compact, with helical tendency in two regions that interact with co-activators. The presence of the TAD increased the stoichiometry of NF{kappa}B-DNA complexes containing promoter DNA sequences with tandem {kappa}B recognition motifs by promoting the binding of NF{kappa}B dimers in excess of the number of {kappa}B sites. We measured the binding affinity of p50/RelA for DNA containing tandem {kappa}B sites and single {kappa}B sites. While the presence of the TAD enhanced the binding affinity of p50/RelA for all {kappa}B sequences tested, it increased the affinity for non-specific DNA sequences by over 10-fold, leading to an overall decrease in specificity for {kappa}B DNA sequences. Our results reveal a novel function of the RelA TAD in promoting binding to non-consensus DNA previously observed by in vivo studies of NF{kappa}B-DNA binding in response to strong inflammatory signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baughman, H. E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, A. C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachochin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunther, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolynes, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.487922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An intrinsically disordered transcription activation domain alters the DNA binding affinity and specificity of NFκB p50/RelA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimation of Left Ventricular Mechanical Activation Times from Motion-Corrected Cardiac 4DCT Images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.488106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMechanical activation times of the left ventricle (LV) are strongly correlated with patient response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT); however, there remains an unmet clinical need for a simple, robust imaging modality that yields accurate and reproducible estimates of LV mechanical activation times. Modern four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging systems with effective motion correction could fulfill this need.

PurposeTo demonstrate the clinical utility of a newly developed cardiac motion correction algorithm called ResyncCT and to investigate its effect on estimating mechanical activation times of the LV.

MethodsTwenty-four subjects with full cardiac volume, full cardiac cycle 4DCT images were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The reconstructed 4DCT images exhibited typical motion artifact characteristics that were dependent on the direction of LV wall motion with respect to the gantry position at each cardiac phase; these artifacts rotated synchronously with the gantry. The motion corrupted images, referred to as the uncorrected images, were processed with a novel cardiac motion correction algorithm called ResyncCT to yield motion corrected images (referred to as the ResyncCT images). Regional shortening (RSCT) of the LV was calculated over a 72-segment model for both the uncorrected and the ResyncCT images; each segment contained RSCT vs time data. From these RSCT vs time curves, LV mechanical activation was estimated as the time point at which the RSCT vs time curve shortened by 10% of its full dynamic range during systolic contraction; we refer to this time point as the time to onset of shortening (TOS). A shift in TOS > |35| ms has a significant effect on reclassifying patients based on their probabilities of responding to CRT; we investigated the effect of ResyncCT on the measured values of TOS over the LV.

ResultsResyncCT had a pronounced effect on the TOS estimates; ResyncCT could potentially reclassify 23/24 (96%) subjects as either responders or non-responders to CRT. In 16/24 (67%) subjects, the differences in TOS that were sufficient to bring about a reclassification of CRT response were at least as large in surface area of the LV as one entire American Heart Association segment.

ConclusionsWe demonstrated the clinical utility of ResyncCT in estimating LV mechanical activation times as  times to onset of shortening in 24 human subjects. ResyncCT has a pronounced effect on the estimation of LV mechanical activation times; the differences in activation times between the ResyncCT and uncorrected images are heterogenous and subject specific. The effect of ResyncCT could potentially reclassify 96% of the subjects used in this study based on their probabilities of responding to CRT. The results reported in this study highlight the potential utility of ResyncCT in estimating timing of mechanical events of interest of the LV for CRT planning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manohar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pack, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.488106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimation of Left Ventricular Mechanical Activation Times from Motion-Corrected Cardiac 4DCT Images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.16.488547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single acoustic closed loop stimulation in mice to modulate hippocampo-thalamo-cortical activity and performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.16.488547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural brain rhythms of sleep reflect neuronal activity underlying sleep-associated memory consolidation. The modulation of brain rhythms, for instance the sleep slow oscillation (SO) is used both to investigate neurophysiological mechanisms as well as to measure the impact on presumed functional correlates. In humans, auditory closed-loop stimulation targeted to the SO Up-state successfully enhanced the slow oscillation rhythm and phase-dependent spindle activity, although effects on memory retention have varied. Here, we aim to disclose relations between stimulation induced hippocampo-thalamo-cortical activity and retention performance on a hippocampus dependent task in mice. Closed-loop acoustic stimuli applied during four SO phases always acutely increased sharp wave ripple (SPWR) activity without disrupting non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Stimulation achieved an above chance preference index for stimuli delivered across a 3 h retention interval of sleep at the SO Up-state and at the Down-to-Up-state, but not at the Down-state nor late Up-state/Up-to Down-state. Results support the use of closed-loop acoustic stimulation in mice to investigate the inter-regional mechanisms underlying memory consolidation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aksamaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olubukola, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.16.488547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single acoustic closed loop stimulation in mice to modulate hippocampo-thalamo-cortical activity and performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.17.488474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with inflammatory infiltration and altered olfactory epithelial gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.17.488474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2 report an acute alteration in their sense of smell, and more than 25% of COVID patients report lasting olfactory dysfunction. While animal studies and human autopsy tissues have suggested mechanisms underlying acute loss of smell, the pathophysiology that underlies persistent smell loss remains unclear. Here we combine objective measurements of smell loss in patients suffering from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with single cell sequencing and histology of the olfactory epithelium (OE). This approach reveals that the OE of patients with persistent smell loss harbors a diffuse infiltrate of T cells expressing interferon-gamma; gene expression in sustentacular cells appears to reflect a response to inflammatory signaling, which is accompanied by a reduction in the number of olfactory sensory neurons relative to support cells. These data identify a persistent epithelial inflammatory process associated with PASC, and suggests mechanisms through which this T cell-mediated inflammation alters the sense of smell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Finlay, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brann, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hachem, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliva, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellford, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moseman, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsunami, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsukahara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.17.488474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with inflammatory infiltration and altered olfactory epithelial gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems-level identification of key transcription factors in immune cell specification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for regulating cell differentiation during the development of the immune system. However, the key TFs for orchestrating the specification of distinct immune cells are not fully understood. Here, we integrated the transcriptomic and epigenomic measurements in 73 mouse and 61 human primary cell types, respectively, that span the immune cell differentiation pathways. We constructed the cell-type-specific transcriptional regulatory network and assessed the global importance of TFs based on the Taiji framework, which is a method we have previously developed that can infer the global impact of TFs using integrated transcriptomic and epigenetic data. Integrative analysis across cell types revealed putative driver TFs in cell lineage-specific differentiation in both mouse and human systems. We have also identified TF combinations that play important roles in specific developmental stages. Furthermore, we validated the functions of predicted novel TFs in murine CD8+ T cell differentiation and showed the importance of Elf1 and Prdm9 in the effector versus memory T cell fate specification and Kdm2b and Tet3 in promoting differentiation of CD8+ tissue resident memory (Trm) cells, validating the approach. Thus, we have developed a bioinformatic approach that provides a global picture of the regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular differentiation in the immune system and aids the discovery of novel mechanisms in cell fate decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omilusik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurd, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems-level identification of key transcription factors in immune cell specification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Private and sub-family specific mutations of founder haplotypes in the BXD family reveal phenotypic consequences relevant to health and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The BXD family of recombinant inbred mice were developed by crossing and inbreeding progeny of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains. This family is the largest and most extensively phenotyped mammalian experimental genetic resource. Although used in genetics for 52 years, we do not yet have comprehensive data on DNA variants segregating in the BXDs. Using linked-read whole-genome sequencing, we sequenced 152 members of the family at about 40X coverage and quantified most variants. We identified 6.25 million polymorphism segregating at a near-optimal minor allele frequency of 0.42. We also defined two other major variants: strain-specific de novo singleton mutations and epoch-specific de novo polymorphism shared among subfamilies of BXDs. We quantified per-generation mutation rates of de novo variants and demonstrate how founder-derived, strain-specific, and epoch-specific variants can be analyzed jointly to model genome-phenome causality. This integration enables forward and reverse genetics at scale, rapid production of any of more than 10,000 diallel F1 hybrid progeny to test predictions across diverse environments or treatments. Combined with five decades of phenome data, the BXD family and F1 hybrids are a major resource for systems genetics and experimental precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashbrook, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasani, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksimov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunturkun, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothschild, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Private and sub-family specific mutations of founder haplotypes in the BXD family reveal phenotypic consequences relevant to health and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The kinase activity of the cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 drives gastric cancer progression by reprogramming the stromal tumor landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.21.489109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, therefore providing novel diagnostic and treatment options is crucial for at risk groups. The serine/threonine kinase doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a proposed driver of GC with frequent amplification and somatic missense mutations yet the molecular mechanism how DCLK1 mediates tumorigenesis is poorly understood. We report how DCLK1 expression orchestrates complementary cancer cell intrinsic and extrinsic processes leading to a comprehensive pro-invasive and pro-metastatic reprogramming of cancer cells and tumor stroma in a DCLK1 kinase-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we identify the chemokine CXCL12 as a key promoter of the pro-tumorigenic properties downstream of DCLK1. Importantly, inhibition of the DCLK1 kinase domain reverses the pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic phenotype. Together, this study establishes DCLK1 as a promising, targetable master regulator of GC.

TeaserDCLK1 is a druggable cancer driver of GC
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Afshar-Sterle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carli, A. L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Keefe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azimpour, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baloyan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thilakasiri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eissmann, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chand, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busuttil, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boussioutas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucet, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.21.489109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The kinase activity of the cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 drives gastric cancer progression by reprogramming the stromal tumor landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.22.489166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inactivation of histone chaperone HIRA unmasks a link between normal embryonic development of melanoblasts and maintenance of adult melanocyte stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.22.489166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone chaperone HIRA is thought to play a role in both early development and aging, but little is known about connections between the two processes. Here, we explore this relationship using a lineage-specific knockout mouse model, TyrCre::Hirafl/fl, in which HIRA is deficient in the pigmentary system consisting of embryonic melanoblasts, postnatal melanocytes and melanocyte stem cells (McSCs). Hira knockout leads to reduced melanoblast numbers during embryogenesis, but wild type numbers of melanocytes at birth, normally functioning juvenile and young adult McSCs, and only a very mildly hypopigmented first hair coat. However, on closer analysis, Hira knockout melanocytic cells of newborn mice exhibit molecular markers characteristic of cell aging and proliferative deficits. As they age, TyrCre::Hirafl/fl mice display marked defects in McSC maintenance and premature hair graying. Importantly, these defects are only observed when HIRA is inactivated during embryogenesis, not post-natally. This genetic model illustrates how normal embryonic development lays the foundation for maintenance of adult tissue specific stem cells and so suppression of degenerative phenotypes of aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jaber-Hijazi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swaminathan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilroy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagnado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullarton, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawlikowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blyth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passos, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machesky, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.22.489166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inactivation of histone chaperone HIRA unmasks a link between normal embryonic development of melanoblasts and maintenance of adult melanocyte stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.22.489215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polarly localized WPR proteins interact with PAN receptors and the actin cytoskeleton during maize stomatal development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.22.489215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polarization of cells prior to asymmetric cell division is crucial for correct cell divisions, cell fate and tissue patterning. In maize stomatal development, polarization of subsidiary mother cells prior to asymmetric division is controlled by the BRK-PAN-ROP pathway. Two catalytically inactive receptor-like kinases, PAN2 and PAN1, are required for correct division plane positioning. Proteins in the BRK-PAN-ROP pathway are polarized in subsidiary mother cells, with the polarization of each protein dependent on the previous one. As most of the known proteins in this pathway do not physically interact, possible interactors that might participate in the pathway are yet to be described. We identified WPR proteins as new players during subsidiary mother cell polarization. WPRs physically interact with PAN receptors, and polarly accumulate in subsidiary mother cells. The polarized localization of WPR proteins depends on PAN2 but not PAN1. CRISPR-Cas9- induced mutations result in division plane defects in subsidiary mother cells, and ectopic expression of WPR-RFP results in stomatal defects and alterations to the actin cytoskeleton. We show certain WPR proteins directly interact with F-actin through their N-terminus. Our data implicate WPR proteins as potentially regulating actin filaments, which providing insight into their molecular function. Together, these results demonstrate that WPR proteins are important for cell polarization.

One-sentence summaryFour related proteins, identified via their physical interaction with the receptor PAN2, are polarly localized prior to asymmetric division in stomatal lineage cells, and interact with F-actin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Char, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Facette, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.22.489215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polarly localized WPR proteins interact with PAN receptors and the actin cytoskeleton during maize stomatal development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.25.489434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High precision magnetoencephalography reveals increased right-inferior frontal gyrus beta power during response conflict 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.25.489434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flexibility of behavior and the ability to rapidly switch actions is critical for adaptive living in humans. It is well established that the right-inferior frontal gyrus (R-IFG) is recruited during outright action-stopping, relating to increased beta (12-30 Hz) power. Additionally, pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) is plausibly recruited during response conflict/switching, relating to increased theta (4-8 Hz) power. It has been posited that inhibiting incorrect response tendencies is central to motor flexibility. However, it is not known if the commonly reported R-IFG beta signature of response inhibition in action-stopping is also recruited during response conflict, which would suggest overlapping networks for stopping and switching. In the current study, we analyzed high precision magnetoencephalography (hpMEG) data recorded with very high trial numbers (total n > 10,000) from 8 subjects during different levels of response conflict. We hypothesized that a R-IFG-triggered network for response inhibition is domain general and also involved in mediating response conflict. We therefore tested whether R-IFG showed increased beta power dependent on the level of response conflict. We also hypothesized that pre-SMA is an important node in response conflict processing, and tested whether pre-SMA theta power increased for response conflict trials. Using event-related spectral perturbations and linear mixed modeling, we found that both R-IFG beta and pre-SMA theta increased for response conflict trials, with the R-IFG beta increase specific to trials with strong response conflict. This result supports a more generalized role for R-IFG beta in response inhibition, beyond simple stopping behavior towards response switching.

Significance StatementResponse inhibition is a core component of cognitive control. Neural mechanisms of response inhibition are typically studied using stopping paradigms. However, there is an unresolved debate regarding whether the response inhibition network is specific to stopping or generalizes to switching between tasks and overcoming conflict between competing response tendencies. Increased beta (12-30 Hz) in R-IFG has historically been interpreted as a marker of successful response inhibition in the stop-signal task. Here, we investigated the presence of this electrophysiological marker of response inhibition specifically during response conflict (switching). We found R-IFG beta power increased for trials with strong response conflict, and not for weak or no response conflict, thereby supporting a generalized role for R-IFG beta in response inhibition and switching.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Daniel, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonaiuto, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bestmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.25.489434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High precision magnetoencephalography reveals increased right-inferior frontal gyrus beta power during response conflict]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 2',3' cyclic phosphatase Angel1 facilitates mRNA degradation during human ribosome-associated quality control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translation elongation stalls trigger mRNA decay and degradation of the nascent polypeptide via translation-dependent quality control pathways. One such pathway, non-stop mRNA decay (NSD), targets aberrant mRNAs that lack stop codons for example due to premature polyadenylation. Here we identify Angel1, a CCR4 deadenylase homolog whose biochemical activity remains poorly defined, as a rate-limiting factor for NSD in human cells. Angel1 associates with mRNA coding regions and proteins involved in ribosome-associated quality control and mRNA decay, consistent with a factor that monitors translation elongation stalls. Depletion of Angel1 causes stabilization of reporter mRNAs that are targeted for NSD by the absence of stop codons, but not an mRNA targeted for nonsense-mediated decay. A conserved catalytic residue of Angel1 is critical for its function in NSD. Our findings identify Angel1 as a human NSD factor and suggest that Angel1 catalytic activity plays a critical role in the NSD pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicholson-Shaw, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajaj, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykke-Anderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 2',3' cyclic phosphatase Angel1 facilitates mRNA degradation during human ribosome-associated quality control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants by a multivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV Spike protein receptor-binding domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To address the need for multivalent vaccines against Coronaviridae that can be rapidly developed and manufactured, we compared antibody responses against SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and several variants of concern in mice immunized with mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines encoding homodimers or heterodimers of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domains. All vaccine constructs induced robust anti-viral antibody responses, and the heterodimeric vaccine elicited an IgG response capable of cross-neutralizing SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1, B.1.351 (beta), and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawlings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jokerst, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants by a multivalent mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV Spike protein receptor-binding domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High resolution quantitative and functional MRI indicate lower myelination of thin and thick stripes in human secondary visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The characterization of cortical myelination is essential for the study of structure-function relationships in the human brain. However, knowledge about cortical myelination is largely based on post mortem histology, which generally renders direct comparison to function impossible. The repeating pattern of pale-thin-pale-thick stripes of cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity in the primate secondary visual cortex (V2) is a prominent columnar system, in which histology also indicates different myelination of thin/thick versus pale stripes. We used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at ultra-high field strength (7 T) to localize and study myelination of stripes in four human participants at sub-millimeter resolution in vivo. Thin and thick stripes were functionally localized by exploiting their sensitivity to color and binocular disparity, respectively. Resulting functional activation maps showed robust stripe patterns in V2 which enabled further comparison of quantitative relaxation parameters between stripe types. Thereby, we found lower longitudinal relaxation rates (R1) of thin and thick stripes compared to surrounding gray matter in the order of 1-2%, indicating higher myelination of pale stripes. No consistent differences were found for effective transverse relaxation rates [Formula]. The study demonstrates the feasibility to investigate structure-function relationships in living humans within one cortical area at the level of columnar systems using qMRI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haenelt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trampel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polimeni, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tootell, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereno, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helbling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High resolution quantitative and functional MRI indicate lower myelination of thin and thick stripes in human secondary visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.489866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ablation of palladin in adult heart causes dilated cardiomyopathy associated with intercalated disc abnormalities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.489866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Palladin (PALLD) belongs to the PALLD/myopalladin (MYPN)/myotilin family of actin-associated immunoglobulin-containing proteins in the sarcomeric Z-line. PALLD is ubiquitously expressed in several isoforms and its longest 200 kDa isoform, predominantly expressed in striated muscle, shows high structural homology to MYPN. MYPN gene mutations are associated with human cardiomyopathies, whereas the role of PALLD in the heart has remained unknown, partly due to embryonic lethality of PALLD knockout mice. In a yeast two-hybrid screening, CARP/Ankrd1 and FHOD1 were identified as novel interaction partners of PALLDs N-terminal region. To study the role of PALLD in the heart, we generated conditional (cPKO) and inducible (cPKOi) cardiomyocyte-specific PALLD knockout mice. While cPKO mice exhibited no pathological phenotype, ablation of PALLD in adult cPKOi mice caused progressive cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction, associated with reduced cardiomyocyte contractility, intercalated disc abnormalities, and fibrosis, demonstrating that PALLD is essential for normal cardiac function. Double cPKO and MYPN knockout mice exhibited a similar phenotype as MKO mice, suggesting that MYPN does not compensate for the loss of PALLD in cPKO mice. Transcript levels of MYPN and the PALLD long isoform were significantly increased in myocardial tissue from human dilated cardiomyopathy patients, suggesting a role of PALLD in cardiac disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mastrototaro, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carullo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scellini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piroddi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filomena, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otey, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emrich, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linke, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poggesi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boncompagni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.29.489866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ablation of palladin in adult heart causes dilated cardiomyopathy associated with intercalated disc abnormalities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A resource for generating and manipulating human microglial states in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimers disease (AD). In response to CNS stimuli, these cells adopt distinct transcriptional and functional subtypes known as states. However, an understanding of the function of these states has been elusive, especially in human microglia, due to lack of tools to model and manipulate this cell-type. Here, we provide a platform for modeling human microglia transcriptional states in vitro. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that exposure of human stem-cell differentiated microglia (iMGLs) to brain-related challenges generated extensive transcriptional diversity which mapped to gene signatures identified in human brain microglia. We identified two in vitro transcriptional clusters that were analogous to human and mouse disease-associated microglia (DAMs), a state enriched in neurodegenerative disease contexts. To facilitate scalable functional analyses, we established a lentiviral approach enabling broad and highly efficient genetic transduction of microglia in vitro. Using this new technology, we demonstrated that MITF (Melanocyte Inducing Transcription Factor), an AD-enriched transcription factor in microglia, drives both a disease-associated transcriptional signature and a highly phagocytic state. Finally, we confirmed these results across iMGLs differentiated from multiple iPSC lines demonstrating the broad utility of this platform. Together, these tools provide a comprehensive resource that enables the manipulation and functional interrogation of human microglial states in both homeostatic and disease-relevant contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dolan, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Therrien, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jereb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamath, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkeson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lojek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limone, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinonen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blurton-Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Epstein, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macosko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A resource for generating and manipulating human microglial states in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable deep learning to uncover the molecular binding patterns determining TCR-epitope interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recognition of an epitope by a T-cell receptor (TCR) is crucial for eliminating pathogens and establishing immunological memory. Prediction of the binding of any TCR-epitope pair is still a challenging task, especially for novel epitopes, because the underlying patterns are largely unknown to domain experts and machine learning models. To achieve a deeper understanding of TCR-epitope interactions, we have used interpretable deep learning techniques to gain insights into the performance of TCR-epitope binding machine learning models. We demonstrate how interpretable AI techniques can be linked to the three-dimensional structure of molecules to offer novel insights into the factors that determine TCR affinity on a molecular level. Additionally, our results show the importance of using interpretability techniques to verify the predictions of machine learning models for challenging molecular biology problems where small hard-to-detect problems can accumulate to inaccurate results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Affaticati, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laukens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meysman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable deep learning to uncover the molecular binding patterns determining TCR-epitope interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of NF-κB p52 homodimer-DNA complexes rationalize binding mechanisms and transcription activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian NF-{kappa}B p52:p52 homodimer together with its cofactor Bcl3 activates transcription of {kappa}B sites with a central G/C base pair (bp), while it is inactive toward {kappa}B sites with a central A/T bp. To understand the molecular basis for this unique property of p52, we have determined its structure in complex with a P-selectin(PSel)-{kappa}B DNA (5-GGGGTGACCCC-3) (central bp is underlined) and variants changing the central bp to A/T or swapping the flanking bp. The structures reveal a nearly two-fold widened minor groove in the central region of the DNA as compared to all other currently available NF-{kappa}B-DNA complex structures, which have a central A/T bp. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show free DNAs exist in distinct preferred conformations, and p52:p52 homodimer induces the least amount of conformational changes on the more transcriptionally active natural PSel-{kappa}B DNA in the bound form. Our binding assays further demonstrate that the fast kinetics driven by entropy is correlated with higher transcriptional activity. Overall, our studies have revealed a novel conformation for {kappa}B DNA in complex with NF-{kappa}B and suggest the importance of binding kinetics, dictated by free DNA conformational and dynamic states, in controlling transcriptional activation for NF-{kappa}B.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meshcheryakov, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, V. Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of NF-κB p52 homodimer-DNA complexes rationalize binding mechanisms and transcription activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomic profiling of tauopathy in a novel 3D neuron-astrocyte coculture model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of iPSC derived brain organoid models to study neurodegenerative disease has been hampered by a lack of systems that accurately and expeditiously recapitulate pathogenesis in the context of neuron-glial interactions. Here we report development of a system, termed AstTau, which propagates toxic human tau oligomers in iPSC derived neuron-astrocyte spheroids. The AstTau system develops much of the neuronal and astrocytic pathology observed in tauopathies including misfolded, phosphorylated, oligomeric, and fibrillar tau, strong neurodegeneration, and reactive astrogliosis. Single cell transcriptomic profiling combined with immunochemistry characterizes a model system that can more closely recapitulate late-stage changes in adult neurodegeneration. The transcriptomic studies demonstrate striking changes in neuroinflammatory and heat shock protein (HSP) chaperone systems in the disease process. Treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 was used to address the putative dysfunctional HSP chaperone system and produced a strong reduction of pathology and neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential of AstTau as a rapid and reproducible tool for drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rickner, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medalla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolozin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell transcriptomic profiling of tauopathy in a novel 3D neuron-astrocyte coculture model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hemodynamic stress activates inflammatory responses and cell death through spectrin-dependent modulation of Store Operated Calcium Entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.04.490549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery face significant inflammatory induced by exposure to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), contributing to heightened morbidity and mortality. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin this inflammatory process remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we performed snRNA/ATAC-Sequencing on leukocytes from neonatal CPB patients. Classical monocytes become more prevalent and have dysregulation of inflammatory genes after CPB, indicating their role in CPB-associated inflammation. A genome-wide CRISPR screen and in vitro experiments in non-adherent monocytic cells identified two novel genes, SPTAN1 and RAF1, as effectors of hemodynamic stress. SPTAN1 and RAF1 activate store-operated calcium entry that results inflammation and cell death. snATAC-Seq revealed dynamically changing patterns of chromatin accessibility and AP-1 transcription factor binding after CPB exposure. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of CPB-associated inflammation, with broad implications for understanding the early stages of sterile inflammation and how non-adherent cells sense shear stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timms, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.04.490549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hemodynamic stress activates inflammatory responses and cell death through spectrin-dependent modulation of Store Operated Calcium Entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterologous expression of a lycophyte protein enhances angiosperm seedling vigor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.06.490942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seedling vigor is a key agronomic trait that determines juvenile plant performance. Angiosperm seeds develop inside fruits and are connected to the mother plant through vascular tissues. Their formation requires plant-specific genes, such as BREVIS RADIX (BRX) in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. BRX family proteins are found throughout the angiosperms but also occur in non-vascular bryophytes and non-seed lycophytes. They consist of four conserved domains, including the tandem "BRX-domains". We found that bryophyte or lycophyte BRX homologs can only partially substitute for Arabidopsis BRX (AtBRX) because they miss key features in the linker between the BRX-domains. Intriguingly however, expression of a BRX homolog from the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii (SmBRX) in A. thaliana wildtype background confers robustly enhanced root growth vigor that persists throughout the life cycle. This effect can be traced back to a substantial increase in seed and embryo size, and can be reproduced with a modified, "SmBRX-like" variant of AtBRX. Our results thus suggest that BRX variants could serve as biotechnological tools to boost seedling vigor and shed light on the activity of ancient, non-angiosperm BRX family proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koh, S. W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bascom, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berenguer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingram, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardtke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.490942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterologous expression of a lycophyte protein enhances angiosperm seedling vigor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Experimental Design in Biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of optimal experimental design uses mathematical techniques to determine experiments that are maximally informative from a given experimental setup. Here we apply a technique from artificial intelligence--reinforcement learning--to the optimal experimental design task of maximizing confidence in estimates of model parameter values. We show that a reinforcement learning approach performs favourably in comparison with a one-step ahead optimisation algorithm and a model predictive controller for the inference of bacterial growth parameters in a simulated chemostat. Further, we demonstrate the ability of reinforcement learning to train over a distribution of parameters, indicating that this approach is robust to parametric uncertainty.

1 Author summaryBiological systems are often complex and typically exhibit non-linear behaviour, making accurate model parametrisation difficult. Optimal experimental design tools help address this problem by identifying experiments that are predicted to provide maximally accurate parameter estimates. In this work we use reinforcement learning, an artificial intelligence method, to determine such experiments. Our simulation studies show that this approach allows uncertainty in model parameterisation to be directly incorporated into the search for optimal experiments, opening a practical avenue for training an experimental controller without confident knowledge of the systems parameter values. We present this method as complementary to existing optimisation approaches and we anticipate that artificial intelligence has a fundamental role to play in the future of optimal experimental design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Treloar, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braniff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingalls, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Experimental Design in Biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypoxic memory of tumor intrinsic type I interferon suppression promotes breast cancer metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypoxia is a common feature of many solid tumors due to aberrant proliferation and angiogenesis and has been associated with tumor progression and metastasis. Most of the well-known hypoxia effects are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), but the long-lasting effect of hypoxia beyond the immediate HIF regulation remains less understood. Here we show that hypoxia exerts a prolonged effect to promote metastasis. Using breast cancer patient-derived circulating tumor cell (CTC) lines and common breast cancer cell lines, we found that hypoxia downregulates tumor intrinsic type I interferon (IFN) signaling and its downstream antigen presentation (AP) machinery in luminal breast cancer cells, via both HIF-dependent and HIF-independent mechanisms. Hypoxia induced IFN/AP suppression can last longer than the hypoxic exposure, presenting a "hypoxic memory" phenotype. Hypoxic memory of IFN/AP downregulation is established by specific hypoxic priming, and cells with hypoxic memory have an enhanced ability for tumorigenesis and metastasis. The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Entinostat can erase the hypoxic memory and improve the immune clearance of tumor cells when combined with checkpoint immunotherapies in a syngeneic breast cancer mouse model. These results point to a novel mechanism for hypoxia facilitated tumor progression, through a long-lasting memory that provides advantages for CTCs during the metastatic cascade.

Significance: We revealed a novel hypoxic memory of prolonged suppression of tumor intrinsic type I IFN and AP signals that promote tumorigenesis and metastasis, suggesting novel mechanistic understanding of the immune evasive properties of CTCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iriondo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mecenas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amzaleg, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickerson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harotoonian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benayoun, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.12.491632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypoxic memory of tumor intrinsic type I interferon suppression promotes breast cancer metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.13.491776v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia differ in maturation and synaptic transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.13.491776v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the world population. Genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors are known to play a role in this psychiatric disorder. While there is a high concordance in monozygotic twins, about half of twin pairs are discordant for schizophrenia. We characterized human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hippocampal neurons from two pairs of monozygotic twins that are discordant for a schizophrenia diagnosis. We compared the affected and the non-affected siblings and compared all of them to twin sets where none of the siblings suffered from schizophrenia. We found that the neurons derived from the schizophrenia patients were less arborized, were hypoexcitable with immature spike features, and exhibited a significant reduction in synaptic activity with dysregulation in synapse-related genes. Interestingly, the neurons derived from the co-twin siblings who did not have schizophrenia formed another distinct group that was different from the neurons in the group of the affected twin siblings but also different from the neurons in the group of the control twins. The neurons in the unaffected co-twin group were also less arborized than the neurons from controls but more arborized than those from affected siblings. Some of their spike features were immature (but less immature than neurons derived from the affected siblings). Importantly, their synaptic activity was not affected. Since schizophrenia is a genetically complex disorder, our twin study allows the measurement of neuronal phenotypes with a similar genetic background. The differences between the siblings may arise due to changes that occurred after the split of the egg into twins. Therefore, our study confirms that dysregulation of synaptic pathways, as well as changes in the rate of synaptic events, distinguishes between individuals affected with schizophrenia and unaffected individuals, even in those having a very similar genetic background.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stern, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordeiro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peles, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baul, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coorapati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pol, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennand, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rethelyi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetto, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.13.491776</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia differ in maturation and synaptic transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.13.491817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mouse primary T cell phosphotyrosine proteomics enabled by BOOST 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.13.491817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Broad Spectrum Optimization of Selective Triggering (BOOST) approach was recently developed to increase the quantitative depth of the tyrosine phosphoproteome by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. While BOOST has been demonstrated in the Jurkat T cell line, it has not been demonstrated in scarce mice primary T cells. Here, we show the first phosphotyrosine proteomics experiment performed in mice primary T cells using BOOST. We identify and precisely quantify more than 2,000 unique pTyr sites from more than 3,000 unique pTyr peptide PSMs using only 1 mg of protein from T cell receptor-stimulated primary T cells from mice. We further reveal the importance of the phase-constrained spectrum deconvolution method ({Phi}SDM) parameter on Orbitrap instruments that, when disabled, enhances quantitation depth, accuracy, and precision in low-abundance samples. Using samples with contrived ratios, we find that disabling {Phi}SDM allows for up to a two-fold increase in the number of statistically significant intensity ratios detected while enabling {Phi}SDM degrades quantitation, especially in low-abundance samples.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chua, X. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callahan, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrandt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.13.491817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mouse primary T cell phosphotyrosine proteomics enabled by BOOST]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.15.490691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open Access Repository-Scale Propagated Nearest Neighbor Suspect Spectral Library for Untargeted Metabolomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.15.490691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the increasing availability of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) community spectral libraries for untargeted metabolomics over the past decade, the majority of acquired MS/MS spectra remain uninterpreted. To further aid in interpreting unannotated spectra, we created a nearest neighbor suspect spectral library, consisting of 87,916 annotated MS/MS spectra derived from hundreds of millions of public MS/MS spectra. Annotations were propagated based on structural relationships to reference molecules using MS/MS-based spectrum alignment. We demonstrate the broad relevance of the nearest neighbor suspect spectral library through representative examples of propagation-based annotation of acylcarnitines, bacterial and plant natural products, and drug metabolism. Our results also highlight how the library can help to better understand an Alzheimers brain phenotype. The nearest neighbor suspect spectral library is openly available through the GNPS platform to help investigators hypothesize candidate structures for unknown MS/MS spectra in untargeted metabolomics data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakhkhorov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portal Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aceves, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaddurah-Daouk, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schymanski, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.15.490691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open Access Repository-Scale Propagated Nearest Neighbor Suspect Spectral Library for Untargeted Metabolomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactive Neurorobotics: Behavioral and Neural Dynamics of Agent Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactive neurorobotics is a subfield which characterizes brain responses evoked during interaction with a robot, and their relationship with the behavioral responses. Gathering rich neural and behavioral data from humans or animals responding to agents can act as a scaffold for the design process of future social robots. The goals of this research can be broadly broken down into two categories. The first, seeks to directly study how organisms respond to artificial agents in contrast to biological or inanimate ones. The second, uses the novel affordances of the robotic platforms to investigate complex phenomena, such as responses to multisensory stimuli during minimally structured interactions, that would be difficult to capture with classical experimental setups. Here we argue that to realize the full potential of the approach, both goals must be integrated through methodological design that is informed by a deep understanding of the model system, as well as engineering and analytical considerations. We then propose a general framework for such experiments that emphasizes naturalistic interactions combined with multimodal observations and complementary analysis pipelines that are necessary to render a holistic picture of the data for the purpose of informing robotic design principles. Finally, we demonstrate this approach with an exemplar rat-robot social interaction task which included simultaneous multi-agent tracking and neural recordings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leonardis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breston, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero-Moore, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sena, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuster, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton-Gluzman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactive Neurorobotics: Behavioral and Neural Dynamics of Agent Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunomodulatory Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Mitigates Scar Formation in a Model of Tongue Fibrosis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhile head and neck cancer treatment regimens, including surgical resection, irradiation, and chemotherapy, are effective at removing tumors, they lead to muscle atrophy, denervation, and fibrosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of tongue dysphagia - difficulty swallowing. Current standard of care is ineffective; we propose an alternative approach utilizing an acellular and minimally invasive biomaterial to preserve muscle content and reduce fibrosis of the tongue after injury. Here, we investigate a decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogel for the treatment of tongue fibrosis in a partial glossectomy injury model.

MethodsSkeletal muscle extracellular matrix (SKM) hydrogel was fabricated by decellularizing porcine skeletal muscle tissue through established protocols. A partial glossectomy injury in the rat was used as a model of tongue fibrois, and SKM hydrogels along with saline controls were injected to the site of scarring two weeks after injury. Tissues were harvested at 3 and 7 days post-injection for gene expression analysis of immune and myogenic pathways, and at 4 weeks post-injection to evaluate histomorphological changes in skeletal muscle and scar formation.

ResultsSKM hydrogel reduced scar formation and improved muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the region of injury compared to saline controls. SKM upregulated pro-regenerative immune response while downregulating pro-inflammatory response and further promoted angiogenic gene expression.

ConclusionThis study demonstrates the immunomodulatory and tissue-regenerative capacity of an acellular and minimally invasive biomaterial in a rodent model of tongue fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zelus, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panduro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alperin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahabzadeh-Hagh, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunomodulatory Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Mitigates Scar Formation in a Model of Tongue Fibrosis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492502v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural theory for counting memories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492502v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
"Ive never smelled anything like this." "Ive seen you once before." "Ive heard this song many times." Keeping track of the number of times different stimuli have been experienced is a critical computation for behavior. This computation occurs ubiquitously across sensory modalities, and naturally without reward or punishment. However, the neural circuitry that mediates this computation remains unknown. Here, we propose a theoretical two-layer neural circuit that can store counts of stimulus occurrence frequencies. This circuit implements a data structure, called a count sketch, that is commonly used in computer science to maintain item frequencies in streaming data. Our first model implements the count sketch data structure using Hebbian synapses and outputs stimulus-specific frequencies. Our second model uses anti-Hebbian plasticity and only tracks frequencies within four count categories ("1-2-3-many"), which we suggest makes a better trade-off between the number of categories that need to be distinguished and the potential ethological value of those categories. Using real-world datasets, we show how both models can closely track the frequencies of different stimuli experienced, while being robust to noise, thus expanding the traditional novelty-familiarity memory axis from binary to continuous. Finally, we show that an implementation of the "1-2-3-many" count sketch -- including network architecture, synaptic plasticity rule, and output neuron that encodes count categories -- exists in a novelty detection circuit in the insect mushroom body, and we argue that similar circuit motifs also appear in mammals, suggesting that basic memory counting machinery may be broadly conserved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492502</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural theory for counting memories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Larger cerebral cortex is genetically correlated with greater frontal area and dorsal thickness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human cortical expansion has occurred non-uniformly across the brain. We assessed the genetic architecture of cortical global expansion and regionalization by comparing two sets of genome-wide association studies of 24 cortical regions with and without adjustment for global measures (i.e. total surface area, mean cortical thickness) using a genetically-informed parcellation in 32,488 adults. We found 393 and 756 significant loci with and without adjusting for globals, respectively, among which 8% and 45% loci were associated with more than one region. Results from analyses without adjustment for globals recounted loci associated with global measures. Genetic factors that contribute to total surface area of the cortex particularly expand anterior/frontal regions, whereas those contributing to thicker cortex predominantly increase dorsal/frontal-parietal thickness. Interactome-based analyses revealed significant overlap of global and regional genetic modules, enriched for neurodevelopmental and immune system pathways. Consideration of global measures is important in understanding the genetic variants underlying cortical morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visscher, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Larger cerebral cortex is genetically correlated with greater frontal area and dorsal thickness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Higher-order interactions shape microbial interactions as microbial community complexity increases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-pairwise interactions, or higher-order interactions (HOIs), in microbial communities have been claimed to explain the emergent features in microbiomes. Yet, the re-organization of microbial interactions between pairwise cultures and larger communities remains largely unexplored from a molecular perspective but is central to our understanding and further manipulation of microbial communities. Here, we used a bottom-up approach to investigate microbial interaction mechanisms from pairwise cultures up to 4-species communities from a simple microbiome (Hafnia alvei, Geotrichum candidum, Pencillium camemberti and Escherichia coli). Specifically, we characterized the interaction landscape for each species combination involving E. coli by identifying E. colis interaction-associated genes using an RB-TnSeq-based interaction assay. We observed a deep reorganization of the interaction-associated genes, with very few 2-species interactions conserved all the way up to a 4-species community and the emergence of multiple HOIs. We further used a quantitative genetics strategy to decipher how 2-species interactions were quantitatively conserved in higher community compositions. Epistasis-based analysis revealed that, of the interactions that are conserved at all levels of complexity, 82% follow an additive pattern. Altogether, we demonstrate the complex architecture of microbial interactions even within a simple microbiome, and provide a mechanistic and molecular explanation of HOIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harms, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Higher-order interactions shape microbial interactions as microbial community complexity increases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanosensor Piezo1 Mediates Bimodal Patterns of Intracellular Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Piezo1 belongs to mechano-activatable cation channels serving as biological force sensors. However, the molecular events downstream of Piezo1 activation remain unclear. In this study, we used biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to investigate the dynamic modes of Piezo1-mediated signaling and revealed a bimodal pattern of Piezo1-induced intracellular calcium signaling. Laser-induced shockwaves (LIS) and its associated shear stress can mechanically activate Piezo1 to induce transient intracellular calcium (Ca[i]) elevation, accompanied by an increase in FAK activity. Interestingly, multiple pulses of shockwave stimulation caused a more sustained calcium increase and a decrease of FAK activity. Similarly, tuning the degree of Piezo1 activation by titrating either the dosage of Piezo1 ligand Yoda1 or the expression level of Piezo1, produced a similar bimodal pattern of FAK responses. Specifically, a low degree of Piezo1 activation (transient mode) leads to a transient Ca[i] response with FAK activation, whereas a high degree of Piezo1 activation (sustained mode) causes a sustained Ca[i] response with FAK suppression. Further investigation revealed that SHP2 serves as an intermediate regulator mediating this bimodal pattern in Piezo1 sensing and signaling. These results suggest that the degrees of Piezo1 activation induced by both mechanical LIS and chemical ligand stimulation may determine downstream signaling characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preece, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Godinez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmona, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Berns, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanosensor Piezo1 Mediates Bimodal Patterns of Intracellular Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampus as a generative circuit for predictive coding of future sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.19.492731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus receives sequences of sensory inputs from the cortex during exploration and encodes the sequences with millisecond precision. We developed a predictive autoencoder model of the hippocampus including the trisynaptic and monosynaptic circuits from the entorhinal cortex (EC). CA3 was trained as a self-supervised recurrent neural network to predict its next input. We confirmed that CA3 is prediction ahead by analyzing the spike coupling between simultaneously recorded neurons in the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1 of the mouse hippocampus. In the model, CA1 neurons signal prediction errors by comparing the prediction from CA3 to the next input directly from the EC. The model exhibits the rapid appearance and the slow fading of CA1 place cells, and displays replay and phase precession from CA3. The model could be learnt in a biologically plausible way with the help of error-encoding neurons. Similarities between the circuits in the hippocampus and thalamocortical circuits suggest that such computation motif could also underlie self-supervised sequence learning in the cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.19.492731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampus as a generative circuit for predictive coding of future sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanoreceptor signal convergence and transformation in the dorsal horn flexibly shape a diversity of outputs to the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The encoding of touch in the spinal cord dorsal horn (DH) and its influence on tactile representations in the brain are poorly understood. Using a range of mechanical stimuli applied to the skin, large scale in vivo electrophysiological recordings, and genetic manipulations, here we show that neurons in the mouse spinal cord DH receive convergent inputs from both low- and high-threshold mechanoreceptor subtypes and exhibit one of six functionally distinct mechanical response profiles. Genetic disruption of DH feedforward or feedback inhibitory motifs, comprised of interneurons with distinct mechanical response profiles, revealed an extensively interconnected DH network that enables dynamic, flexible tuning of postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) output neurons and dictates how neurons in primary somatosensory cortex respond to touch. Thus, mechanoreceptor subtype convergence and nonlinear transformations at the earliest stage of the somatosensory hierarchy shape how touch of the skin is represented in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chirila, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emanuel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez-Martinez, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginty, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanoreceptor signal convergence and transformation in the dorsal horn flexibly shape a diversity of outputs to the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492880v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lactational delivery of Triclosan promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in newborn mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492880v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is escalating in the United States, with a limited mechanistic understanding. Triclosan (TCS) is a high-volume antimicrobial additive that has been detected in human breastmilk and shown in adult mice to cause hepatosteatosis. To examine the effect of TCS presented to neonatal mice through lactation, we exposed pregnant females to TCS in their diet and evaluated its impact on nursing neonates. TCS is efficiently transferred by lactation to newborn mice, causing significant fatty liver (FL) during the suckling period. Lactational delivery stimulated hepatosteatosis, triglyceride accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. These events were mirrored by inhibition of key metabolic regulators, FGF21 and AMPK. De novo lipogenesis (DNL) induced by lactational TCS exposure was blocked in mice deficient in hepatic ATF4 . In primary hepatocytes, siRNA specific inhibition of PERK, an ATF4 upstream activator and initiator of ER stress, blocked TCS induced DNL. Also, in the absence of PPAR, which targets regulation of ATF4, TCS induced triglyceride accumulation and the induction of DNL was blocked. The administration of obeticholic acid (OCA), a potent FXR agonist, as well as activation of intestinal mucosal-regenerative gp130 signaling, led to reduced liver ATF4 expression, PPAR signaling, and DNL when neonates were exposed to TCS. In summary, TCS exposure via lactation leads to early indicators of NAFLD development accompanied by hepatosteatosis that were mediated in a PERK-eIF2-ATF4-PPAR cascade. These studies indicate that mother to child transmission of environmental toxicants such as TCS may underlie the recent increases in pediatric NAFLD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watrous, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tukey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492880</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lactational delivery of Triclosan promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in newborn mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion mapping of regulatory elements for GATA3 reveals a distal T helper 2 cell enhancer involved in allergic diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The GATA3 gene is essential for T cell differentiation and is surrounded by risk variants for immune traits. Interpretation of these variants is challenging because the regulatory landscape of GATA3 is complex with dozens of potential enhancers spread across a large topological associating domain (TAD) and gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies provide limited evidence for variant function. Here, we perform a tiling deletion screen in Jurkat T cells to identify 23 candidate regulatory elements. Using small deletions in primary T helper 2 (Th2) cells, we validate the function of five of these elements, two of which contain risk variants for asthma and allergic diseases. We fine-map genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in a distal regulatory element, 1 Mb downstream, to identify 14 candidate causal variants. Small deletions spanning candidate rs725861 decrease GATA3 expression in Th2 cells suggesting a causal mechanism for this variant in allergic diseases. Our study demonstrates the power of integrating GWAS signals with deletion mapping and identifies critical regulatory sequences for GATA3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiaux, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luthra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guruvayurappan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzini, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion mapping of regulatory elements for GATA3 reveals a distal T helper 2 cell enhancer involved in allergic diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridging between mouse and human enhancer-promoter long-range interactions in neural stem cells, to understand enhancer function in neurodevelopmental disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-coding variation in complex human disease has been well established by genome-wide association studies, and it is thought to involve regulatory elements, such as enhancers, whose variation affects the expression of the gene responsible for the disease. The regulatory elements often lie far from the gene they regulate, or within introns of genes differing from the regulated gene, making it difficult to identify the gene whose function is affected by a given enhancer variation.

Enhancers are connected to their target gene promoters via long-range physical interactions (loops). In our study, we re-mapped, onto the human genome, more than 10,000 enhancers connected to promoters via long-range interactions, that we had previously identified in mouse brain-derived neural stem cells by RNApolII-ChIA-PET analysis, coupled to ChIP-seq mapping of DNA/chromatin regions carrying epigenetic enhancer marks. These interactions are thought to be functionally relevant. We discovered, in the human genome, thousands of DNA regions syntenic with the interacting mouse DNA regions (enhancers+connected promoters). We further annotated these human regions regarding their overlap with sequence variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs; copy number variants, CNVs), that were previously associated with neurodevelopmental disease in human. We document various cases in which the genetic variant, associated in human to neurodevelopmental disease, affects an enhancer involved in long-range interactions: SNPs, previously identified by genome-wide association studies to be associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and intelligence, are located within our human syntenic enhancers, and alter transcription factors recognition sites. Similarly, CNVs associated to autism spectrum disease and other neurodevelopmental disorders overlap with our human syntenic enhancers. Some of these enhancers are connected (in mouse) to homologs of genes already associated to the human disease, strengthening the hypothesis that the gene is indeed involved in the disease. Other enhancers are connected to genes not previously associated with the disease, pointing to their possible pathogenetic involvement.

Our observations provide a resource for further exploration of neural disease, in parallel with the now widespread genome-wide identification of DNA variants in patients with neural disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Aurizio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catona, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitasi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolis, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridging between mouse and human enhancer-promoter long-range interactions in neural stem cells, to understand enhancer function in neurodevelopmental disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A proton pump enhancing photosynthesis links phagocytosis to marine phytoplankton symbiogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophorids are the dominant groups of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton collectively responsible for the majority of primary production in the ocean1. These phytoplankton contain additional intracellular membranes around their chloroplasts derived from ancestral engulfment of red microalgae by unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that led to secondary endosymbiosis2. This symbiogenesis hypothesis for the origin of modern secondary endosymbiotic phytoplankton is supported by a wealth of palaeontologic, morphologic, and genomic evidence3-6. However, the selectable evolutionary advantage of these membranes and the physiological significance for extant phytoplankton are unknown. We report that the proton-pumping enzyme V-type H+-ATPase (VHA), ubiquitously used in eukaryotic intercellular digestion, is localized around the chloroplasts of centric diatoms and that VHA-activity significantly enhances photosynthesis over a wide range of oceanic irradiances. Similar results in pennate diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophorids, but not green or red microalgae, imply a mechanism resulting from the co-option of phagocytic VHA activity into a carbon concentrating mechanism that is common to secondary endosymbiotic phytoplankton. Furthermore, analogous VHA-dependent mechanisms in extant photosymbiotic marine invertebrates7-9 provide functional evidence for an adaptive advantage throughout the transition from endosymbiosis to symbiogenesis. Our results suggest that VHA-dependent enhancement of photosynthesis contributes at least 7% of primary production in the ocean, providing an example of a symbiosis-derived evolutionary innovation with global environmental implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yee, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samo, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbriano, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimasaki, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayali, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A proton pump enhancing photosynthesis links phagocytosis to marine phytoplankton symbiogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Role for Nup153 in Nuclear Assembly Reveals Differential Requirements for Targeting of Nuclear Envelope Constituents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assembly of the nucleus following mitosis requires rapid and coordinate recruitment of diverse constituents to the inner nuclear membrane. We have identified an unexpected role for the nucleoporin Nup153 in promoting the continued addition of a subset of nuclear envelope proteins during initial expansion of nascent nuclei. Specifically, disrupting the function of Nup153 interferes with ongoing addition of B-type lamins, lamin B receptor (LBR), and SUN1 early in telophase, after the nuclear envelope (NE) has initially enclosed chromatin. In contrast, effects on lamin A and SUN2 were minimal, pointing to differential requirements for the ongoing targeting of nuclear envelope proteins. Further, distinct mis-targeting phenotypes arose among the proteins that require Nup153 for NE targeting. Thus, disrupting the function of Nup153 in nuclear formation reveals several previously undescribed features important for establishing nuclear architecture: 1) a role for a nuclear basket constituent in ongoing recruitment of nuclear envelope components, 2) two functionally separable phases of nuclear envelope formation in mammalian cells, and 3) distinct requirements of individual nuclear envelope residents for continued targeting during the expansion phase of NE reformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaJoie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turkmen, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niwa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullman, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.27.493435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Role for Nup153 in Nuclear Assembly Reveals Differential Requirements for Targeting of Nuclear Envelope Constituents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Affinity-optimizing variants within cardiac enhancers disrupt heart development and contribute to cardiac traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancers direct precise gene expression patterns during development and harbor the majority of variants associated with disease. We find that suboptimal affinity ETS transcription factor binding sites are prevalent within Ciona and human developmental heart enhancers. Here we demonstrate in two diverse systems, Ciona intestinalis and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), that single nucleotide changes can optimize the affinity of ETS binding sites, leading to gain-of-function gene expression associated with heart phenotypes. In Ciona, ETS affinity-optimizing SNVs lead to ectopic expression and phenotypic changes including two beating hearts. In human iPSC-CMs, an affinity-optimizing SNV associated with QRS duration occurs within an SCN5A enhancer and leads to increased enhancer activity. Our mechanistic approach provides a much-needed systematic framework that works across different enhancers, cell types and species to pinpoint causal enhancer variants contributing to enhanceropathies, phenotypic diversity and evolutionary changes.

In BriefThe prevalent use of low-affinity ETS sites within developmental heart enhancers creates vulnerability within genomes whereby single nucleotide changes can dramatically increase binding affinity, causing gain-of-function enhancer activity that impacts heart development.

HighlightsETS affinity-optimizing SNVs can lead to migration defects and a multi-chambered heart.
An ETS affinity-optimizing human SNV within an SCN5A enhancer increases expression and is associated with QRS duration.
Searching for ETS affinity-optimizing variants is a systematic and generalizable approach to pinpoint causal enhancer variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jindal, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bantle, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solvason, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grudzien, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farley, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.27.493636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Affinity-optimizing variants within cardiac enhancers disrupt heart development and contribute to cardiac traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493789v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Affinity-optimizing variants within the ZRS enhancer disrupt limb development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493789v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryAn emerging regulatory principle governing enhancers is the use of suboptimal affinity binding sites to encode tissue-specific gene expression. Here we investigate if optimizing single-nucleotide variants that violate this principle can disrupt tissue-specific gene expression and development. The ZRS enhancer mediates expression of Shh in the posterior of the developing limb buds and is critical for limb and digit development. We find that the ZRS contains suboptimal-affinity ETS binding sites. Two human mutations and a synthetic mutation that optimize the affinity of the ETS-A site from 0.15 to 0.25 relative binding affinity cause polydactyly with the same penetrance and severity. Further increasing the affinity of the ETS-A site results in more penetrant and severe phenotypes. The prevalent use of suboptimal affinity binding sites within enhancers to encode tissue-specificity creates a vulnerability within genomes whereby variants that optimize affinity, even subtly, can be pathogenic. This provides a generalizable approach to identify causal variants that underlie enhanceropathies.

In BriefSubtle increases in low-affinity sites underlie human limb defects, while greater increases in affinity lead to more severe and penetrant phenotypes.

HighlightsPrediction and validation of pathogenic enhancer variants

Very subtle increases in affinity of low-affinity sites are pathogenic

Penetrance and severity of phenotype scales with increase in affinity
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solvason, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farley, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.27.493789</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Affinity-optimizing variants within the ZRS enhancer disrupt limb development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.29.493926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical genetic screening identifies nalacin as an inhibitor of GH3 amido synthetase for auxin conjugation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.29.493926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root system is critical for plant growth and development. To develop plant growth regulators functioning in root development, we performed a phenotype-based chemical screen in Arabidopsis and identified a chemical, nalacin, that mimicked the effects of auxin on root development. Genetic, pharmacological and biochemical approaches demonstrated that nalacin exerts its auxin-like activities by inhibiting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugation that is mediated by Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetases. The crystal structure of Arabidopsis GH3.6 in complex with D4 (a derivative of nalacin) together with docking simulation analysis revealed the molecular basis of the inhibition of group II GH3 by nalacin. Sequence alignment analysis indicated broad bioactivities of nalacin and D4 as inhibitors of GH3s in vascular plants, which were confirmed, at least, in tomato and rice. In summary, our work identifies nalacin as a potent inhibitor of IAA conjugation mediated by group II GH3 that plays versatile roles in hormone-regulated plant development and has potential applications in both basic research and agriculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aizezi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asami, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.29.493926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical genetic screening identifies nalacin as an inhibitor of GH3 amido synthetase for auxin conjugation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal modeling reveals geometric dependence of AMPAR dynamics on dendritic spine morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The modification of neural circuits depends on the strengthening and weakening of synaptic connections. Synaptic strength is often correlated to the density of the ionotropic, glutamateric receptors, AMPAR, (-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor) at the postsynaptic density (PSD). While AMPAR density is known to change based on complex biological signaling cascades, the effect of geometric factors such as dendritic spine shape, size, and curvature remain poorly understood. In this work, we developed a deterministic, spatiotemporal model to study the dynamics of AMPAR during long term potentiation (LTP). This model includes a minimal set of biochemical events that represent the upstream signaling events, trafficking of AMPAR to and from the PSD, lateral diffusion in the plane of the spine membrane, and the presence of an extrasynaptic AMPAR pool. Using idealized and realistic spine geometries, we show that the dynamics and increase of bound AMPAR at the PSD depends on a combination of endo- and exocytosis, membrane diffusion, availability of free AMPAR, and intracellular signaling interactions. We also found non-monotonic relationships between spine volume and change in AMPAR at the PSD, suggesting that spines restrict changes in AMPAR to optimize resources and prevent runaway potentiation.

Significance StatementSynaptic plasticity involves dynamic biochemical and physical remodeling of small protrusions called dendritic spines along the dendrites of neurons. Proper synaptic functionality within these spines requires changes in receptor number at the synapse, which has implications for down-stream neural functions, such as learning and memory formation. In addition to being signaling subcompartments, spines also have unique morphological features that can play a role in regulating receptor dynamics on the synaptic surface. We have developed a spatiotemporal model that couples biochemical signaling and receptor trafficking modalities in idealized and realistic spine geometries to investigate the role of biochemical and biophysical factors in synaptic plasticity. Using this model, we highlight the importance of spine size and shape in regulating bound AMPAR dynamics that govern synaptic plasticity, and predict how spine shape might act to reset synaptic plasticity as a built-in resource optimization and regulation tool.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal modeling reveals geometric dependence of AMPAR dynamics on dendritic spine morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494225v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retractions and rewards in science: An open question for reviewers and funders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.31.494225v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, the changing landscape for the conduct and assessment of research and of researchers has increased scrutiny of the reward systems of science. In this context, correcting the research record, including retractions, has gained attention and space in the publication system. One question is the possible influence of retractions on the careers of scientists. It might be assessed, for example, through citation patterns or productivity rates for authors who have had one or more retractions. This is an emerging issue today, with growing discussions in the research community about impact. We have explored the influence of retractions on grant review criteria. Here, we present results of a qualitative study exploring the views of a group of six representatives of funding agencies from different countries and of a follow-up survey of 224 reviewers in the US. These reviewers have served on panels for the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and/or a few other agencies. We collected their perceptions about the influence of self-correction of the literature and of retractions on grant decisions. Our results suggest that correcting the research record, for honest error or misconduct, is perceived as an important mechanism to strengthen the reliability of science, among most respondents. However, retractions and self-correcting the literature at large are not factors influencing grant review, and dealing with retractions in reviewing grants is an open question for funders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalichman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasconcelos, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.31.494225</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retractions and rewards in science: An open question for reviewers and funders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of Cosine, Modified Cosine, and Neutral Loss Based Spectral Alignment For Discovery of Structurally Related Molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spectrum alignment of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data using the modified cosine similarity and subsequent visualization as molecular networks have been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to discover analogs of molecules from untargeted MS/MS-based metabolomics experiments. Recently, a neutral loss matching approach has been introduced as an alternative to MS/MS-based molecular networking, with an implied performance advantage in finding analogs that cannot be discovered using existing MS/MS spectrum alignment strategies. To comprehensively evaluate the scoring properties of neutral loss matching, the cosine similarity, and the modified cosine similarity, similarity measures of 955,228 peptide MS/MS spectrum pairs and 10 million small molecule MS/MS spectrum pairs were compared. This comparative analysis revealed that the modified cosine similarity outperformed neutral loss matching and the cosine similarity in all cases. The data further indicated that the performance of MS/MS spectrum alignment depends on the location and type of the modification, as well as the chemical compound class of fragmented molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of Cosine, Modified Cosine, and Neutral Loss Based Spectral Alignment For Discovery of Structurally Related Molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) as modifiers of breast cancer risk in carriers of BRCA1 185delAG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite substantial efforts in identifying both rare and common variants affecting disease risk, in the majority of diseases, a large proportion of unexplained genetic risk remains. We propose that variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) may explain a proportion of the missing genetic risk. Herein, we tested whether VNTRs are causal modifiers of breast cancer risk in 347 female carriers of BRCA1 185delAG, an important group given their high risk of developing breast cancer. We performed targeted-capture to sequence VNTRs, called genotypes with adVNTR, and tested the association of VNTRs and breast cancer risk using Cox regression models. Of 303 VNTRs that passed quality control checks, 4 VNTRs were significantly associated with risk to develop breast cancer at false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05 and an additional 4 VNTRs had FDR < 0.25. After determining the specific risk alleles, there was a significantly earlier age at development of breast cancer in carriers of the risk genotypes compared to those without the risk genotypes for seven of eight VNTRs. Results from this first systematic study of VNTRs demonstrate that VNTRs may explain a proportion of the unexplained genetic risk for disease and have larger effects than SNPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamson, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhtiari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laitman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitzel, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhausen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) as modifiers of breast cancer risk in carriers of BRCA1 185delAG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enabled primarily controls filopodial morphology, not actin organization, in the TSM1 growth cone in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.01.494414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ena/VASP proteins are processive actin polymerases that are required throughout animal phylogeny for many morphogenetic processes, including axon growth and guidance. Here we use live imaging of morphology and actin organization in the TSM1 axon of the Drosophila wing to dissect the mechanism of Ena action. We find that altering Ena activity has a substantial impact on filopodial morphology in this growth cone, but exerts only modest effects on actin organization. This is in contrast to the main regulator of Ena, Abl tyrosine kinase, which has profound effects on actin and only mild effects on TSM1 growth cone morphology. These data suggest that the primary role of Ena in this axon may be to link actin to morphogenetic processes of the plasma membrane, rather than regulating actin organization itself. These data also suggest that a key role of Ena, acting downstream of Abl, may be to maintain a constant filopodial organization of the growth cone, even as Abl activity varies in response to guidance cues in the environment.

Summary statementWe dissect the function of the actin polymerase, Enabled, in axon growth by live-imaging of actin dynamics and axon morphology of the TSM1 neuron in its native environment in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forghani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQueen, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Losert, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papoian, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giniger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.01.494414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enabled primarily controls filopodial morphology, not actin organization, in the TSM1 growth cone in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.487443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of Blood-Based Exosomes as Biomarkers for Aging-Related TDP-43 pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.487443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONLimbic predominant age related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) is a recently characterized brain disease that mimics Alzheimers disease (AD) clinically. To date, LATE is difficult to diagnose antemortem using clinical information or biomarkers. Recent studies suggest concentrations of exosomal protein cargo derived from neuronal and glial cells may serve as useful diagnostic biomarkers for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

METHODSTDP-43 was evaluated in neuronal (NDE), astrocyte (ADE), and microglial derived exosomes (MDE). Exosome preparations were isolated from the plasma of research subjects with autopsy-confirmed diagnoses, including many with LATE. Quantified TDP-43 concentrations were compared to cohort that included healthy controls, mild cognitively impairment (MCI), and AD dementia with diagnoses other than LATE.

RESULTSTDP-43 was significantly elevated in plasma ADEs derived from autopsy confirmed LATE-NC subjects, with or without comorbid AD pathology. Measurable levels of TDP-43 were also detected in exosome depleted plasma; however, TDP-43 levels were not significantly different between persons with and without eventual autopsy confirmed LATE-NC. No correlation was observed between exosomal TDP-43 levels with cognition-based variables, sex, and APOE carrier status.

DISCUSSIONBlood-based exosomes, specifically measuring TDP-43 accumulation in ADEs, may serve as a powerful diagnostic tool to rapidly identify subjects who are currently living with LATE-NC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Winston, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sukreet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, V. M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilcock, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.03.487443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of Blood-Based Exosomes as Biomarkers for Aging-Related TDP-43 pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic Transcriptome Risk Scores Can Translate Genetic Results Between Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.03.494719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated specific alleles and genes as risk factors for numerous complex traits. However, translating GWAS results into biologically and therapeutically meaningful discoveries remains extremely challenging. Most GWAS results identify noncoding regions of the genome, suggesting that differences in gene regulation are the major driver of trait variability. To better integrate GWAS results with gene regulatory polymorphisms, we previously developed PrediXcan (also known as "transcriptome-wide association studies" or TWAS), which maps SNPs to predicted gene expression using GWAS data. In this study, we developed RatXcan, a framework that extends this methodology to outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. RatXcan accounts for the close familial relationships among HS rats by modeling the relatedness with a random effect that encodes the genetic relatedness. RatXcan also corrects for polygenic-driven inflation because of the equivalence between a relatedness random effect and the infinitesimal polygenic model. To develop RatXcan, we trained transcript predictors for 8,934 genes using reference genotype and expression data from five rat brain regions. We found that the cis genetic architecture of gene expression in both rats and humans was sparse and similar across brain tissues. We tested the association between predicted expression in rats and two example traits (body length and BMI) using phenotype and genotype data from 5,401 densely genotyped HS rats and identified a significant enrichment between the genes associated with rat and human body length and BMI. Thus, RatXcan represents a valuable tool for identifying the relationship between gene expression and phenotypes across species and paves the way to explore shared biological mechanisms of complex traits.

Author SummaryUnderstanding how genetic variation affects phenotypic variation is critical to leveraging the wealth of genetic studies to make biologically and therapeutically useful discoveries. Since most of the genetic loci associated with complex diseases are regulatory in nature--meaning that they do not alter protein coding but rather subtly affect gene expression--transcriptome-wide association studies have been developed. However, these apply only to human data where large samples of unrelated individuals are available. For animal models, relatedness is much higher, causing higher false-positive rates. We propose a computationally efficient method to address this problem and find shared biology between humans and rats. Taken together, our development paves the way to further explore shared biological mechanisms of complex traits across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santhanam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gileta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.03.494719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic Transcriptome Risk Scores Can Translate Genetic Results Between Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolution stimulated Raman Scattering microscopy with A-PoD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.04.494813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike traditionally-mapped Raman imaging, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging achieved the capability of imaging metabolic dynamics and a greatly improved signal-noise-ratio. However, its spatial resolution is still limited by the numerical aperture or scattering cross-section. To achieve super-resolved SRS imaging, we developed a new deconvolution algorithm - Adam optimization-based Pointillism Deconvolution (A-PoD) - for SRS imaging, and demonstrated a spatial resolution of 52 nm on polystyrene beads. By changing the genetic algorithm to A-PoD, the image deconvolution process was shortened by more than 3 orders of magnitude, from a few hours to a few seconds. By applying A-PoD to spatially correlated multi-photon fluorescence (MPF) imaging and deuterium oxide (D2O)-probed SRS (DO-SRS) imaging data from diverse samples, we compared nanoscopic distributions of proteins and lipids in cells and subcellular organelles. We successfully differentiated newly synthesized lipids in lipid droplets using A-PoD coupled with DO-SRS. The A-PoD-enhanced DO-SRS imaging method was also applied to reveal the metabolic change in brain samples from Drosophila on different diets. This new approach allows us to quantitatively measure the nanoscopic co-localization of biomolecules and metabolic dynamics in organelles. We expect that the A-PoD algorithm will have a wide range of applications, from nano-scale measurements of biomolecules to processing astronomical images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.04.494813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolution stimulated Raman Scattering microscopy with A-PoD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.494774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation of protein-mediated tubes is governed by a snapthrough transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.494774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma membrane tubes are ubiquitous in cellular membranes and in the membranes of intracellular organelles. They play crucial roles in trafficking, ion transport, and cellular motility. These tubes can be formed due to localized forces acting on the membrane or by the curvature induced by membrane-bound proteins. Here, we present a mathematical framework to model cylindrical tubular protrusions formed by proteins that induce anisotropic spontaneous curvature. Our analysis revealed that the tube radius depends on an effective tension that includes contributions from the bare membrane tension and the protein-induced curvature. We also found that the length of the tube undergoes an abrupt transition from a short, domeshaped membrane to a long cylinder and this transition is characteristic of a snapthrough instability. Finally, we show that the snapthrough instability depends on the different parameters including coat area, bending modulus, and extent of protein-induced curvature. Our findings have implications for tube formation due to BAR-domain proteins in processes such as endocytosis, t-tubule formation in myocytes, and cristae formation in mitochondria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahapatra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.494774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation of protein-mediated tubes is governed by a snapthrough transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Site-specific C-terminal fluorescent labeling of Tau protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formation of Tau protein aggregates in neurons is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimers disease. Fluorescently-labeled Tau protein is therefore useful to study the aggregation of these pathological proteins and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Conventionally, cysteine residues are used for labeling Tau proteins, however, the full-length Tau isoform contains two cysteine residues in the microtubule-binding region, which are implicated in Tau aggregation by forming intermolecular disulfide bonds. In order to prevent the fluorescent label from disturbing the microtubule binding region, we developed a strategy to fluorescently label Tau at its C-terminus while leaving cysteine residues unperturbed. We took advantage of a Sortase A-mediated transpeptidation approach to bind a short peptide (GGGH6-Alexa647) with a His-tag and a covalently attached Alexa 647 fluorophore to the C-terminus of Tau. This reaction relies on the presence of a Sortase recognition motif (LPXTG), which we attached to the C-terminus of recombinantly expressed Tau. We determined the possible effects of the resulting C-terminal modification on the secondary structure of Tau protein, its aggregation kinetics, and fibril morphology compared to the unlabeled native Tau protein in vitro. The results showed no significant differences between the native and C-terminally labeled Tau monomer with regard to aggregation kinetics, secondary structure, and morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bryan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awasthi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirmalraj, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balog, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.495075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Site-specific C-terminal fluorescent labeling of Tau protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495357v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed transcriptome discovery of RNA binding protein binding sites by antibody-barcode eCLIP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495357v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methodologies enable the identification of RNA binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Despite improvements in the library preparation of RNA fragments, the current enhanced CLIP (eCLIP) protocol requires 4 days of hands-on time and lacks the ability to process many RBPs in parallel. We present a new method termed antibody-barcode eCLIP (ABC) that utilizes DNA-barcoded antibodies and proximity ligation of the DNA oligonucleotides to RBP-protected RNA fragments to interrogate multiple RBPs simultaneously. We observe performance comparable to eCLIP with the advantage of a reduced hands-on time of 2 days and dramatically increased scaling while minimizing sample-to-sample variation and maintaining the same material requirement of a single eCLIP experiment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutt, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nojadera, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruns, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manakov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.08.495357</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed transcriptome discovery of RNA binding protein binding sites by antibody-barcode eCLIP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic exchange in Leishmania is facilitated by IgM natural antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host factors mediating Leishmania genetic exchange are not well defined. Here, we demonstrate that IgM antibodies, but not IgG or IgA, facilitate parasite genetic hybridization in vitro and in vivo. IgM induces the gradual and transient formation of a structured parasite clump in a process essential for L. major and L. tropica hybridization in vitro. Parasite hybrids and 3-nucleated parasites were observed inside this structure, named the Leishmania mating clump. IgM was also required for or significantly increased Leishmania hybrid formation in vivo. At minimum, we observed a 12-fold increase in the proportion of hybrids recovered from sand flies provided a second blood meal containing IgM compared to controls. Notably, genetic backcross events in sand flies were only observed in the presence of IgM, and were reproducibly recovered, reinforcing the relevance of IgM for Leishmania genetic exchange in vivo. The in vitro and in vivo Leishmania crosses from these studies resulted in full genome hybrids. Leishmania co-option of a host antibody to facilitate mating in the insect vector establishes a new paradigm of parasite-host-vector coevolution that promotes parasite diversity and fitness through genetic exchange.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serafim, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iniguez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>F. Barletta, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doehl, J. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cecilio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disotuar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho-Abreu, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meneses, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barillas-Mury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, J. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beverley, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamhawi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valenzuela, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic exchange in Leishmania is facilitated by IgM natural antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice using transparent graphene microelectrodes reveal functional connection between organoid and mouse visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human cortical organoids, three-dimensional neuronal cell cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, have recently emerged as promising models of human brain development and dysfunction. Transplantation of human brain organoids into the mouse brain has been shown to be a successful in vivo model providing vascularization for long term chronic experiments. However, chronic functional connectivity and responses evoked by external sensory stimuli has yet to be demonstrated, due to limitations of chronic recording technologies. Here, we develop an experimental paradigm based on transparent graphene microelectrode arrays and two-photon imaging for longitudinal, multimodal monitoring of human organoids transplanted in the mouse cortex. The transparency of graphene microelectrodes permits visual and optical inspection of the transplanted organoid and the surrounding cortex throughout the chronic experiments where local field potentials and multi-unit activity (MUA) are recorded during spontaneous activity and visual stimuli. These experiments reveal that visual stimuli evoke electrophysiological responses in the organoid, matching the responses from the surrounding cortex. Increases in the power of the gamma and MUA bands as well as phase locking of MUA events to slow oscillations evoked by visual stimuli suggest functional connectivity established between the human and mouse tissue. Optical imaging through the transparent microelectrodes shows vascularization of the organoids. Postmortem histological analysis exhibits morphological integration and synaptic connectivity with surrounding mouse cortex as well as migration of organoid cells into the surrounding cortex. This novel combination of stem cell and neural recording technologies could serve as a unique platform for comprehensive evaluation of organoids as models of brain development and dysfunction and as personalized neural prosthetics to restore lost, degenerated, or damaged brain regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thunemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puppo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djurovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.16.496469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice using transparent graphene microelectrodes reveal functional connection between organoid and mouse visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phencyclidine and methamphetamine cause cognitive deficits by changing pyramidal neuron transmitter identity in the prefrontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive deficits are a long-lasting consequence of drug use, yet the convergent mechanism by which classes of drugs with different pharmacological properties cause similar deficits is unclear. We find that both phencyclidine and methamphetamine, despite differing in their targets in the brain, impair memory by causing the same glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to gain a GABAergic phenotype and decrease their expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter. Suppressing drug-induced gain of GABA with RNA-interference prevents the appearance of memory deficits. Drug-induced prefrontal hyperactivity drives this change in transmitter identity. Normalizing the activity of prefrontal glutamatergic neurons after drug-exposure reverses the gain of GABAergic phenotype and rescues the associated memory deficits. Increased activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area is necessary and sufficient to produce the change in transmitter identity. The results reveal a shared and reversible mechanism by which exposure to different drugs causes cognitive deficits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pratelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godavarthi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitzer, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.16.496480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phencyclidine and methamphetamine cause cognitive deficits by changing pyramidal neuron transmitter identity in the prefrontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endogenous Rab38 regulates LRRK2's membrane recruitment and substrate Rab phosphorylation in melanocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Point mutations in LRRK2 cause Parkinsons Disease and augment LRRK2s kinase activity. However, cellular pathways that enhance LRRK2 kinase function have not been identified. While overexpressed Rab29 draws LRRK2 to Golgi membranes to increase LRRK2 kinase activity, there is little evidence that endogenous Rab29 performs this function under physiological conditions. Here we identify Rab38 as a novel physiological regulator of LRRK2. In mouse melanocytes, which express high levels of Rab38, Rab32, and Rab29, knockdown of Rab38 but not Rab32 or Rab29 decreases phosphorylation of multiple LRRK2 substrates, including Rab10 and Rab12, by both exogenous and endogenous LRRK2. In B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells, Rab38 drives LRRK2 membrane association, and overexpressed kinase-active but not kinase-inactive LRRK2 shows striking pericentriolar recruitment, which is dependent on the presence of endogenous Rab38 but not Rab32 or Rab29. Deletion or mutation of LRRK2 at the Rab38 binding site in the N-terminal armadillo domain decreases LRRK2 membrane association, pericentriolar recruitment, and ability to phosphorylate Rab10. Consistently, overexpression of LRRK2350-550, a fragment that encompasses the Rab38 binding site, blocks endogenous LRRK2s phosphorylation of Thr73-Rab10. Finally, disruption of BLOC-3, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab38 and 32, inhibits Rab38s regulation of LRRK2. In sum, our data identify Rab38 as a physiologic regulator of LRRK2 function and lend support to a model in which LRRK2 plays a central role in Rab GTPase coordination of vesicular trafficking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Unapanta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shavarebi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porath, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Pietro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiniker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endogenous Rab38 regulates LRRK2's membrane recruitment and substrate Rab phosphorylation in melanocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular interactions underlying the phase separation of HP1: Role of phosphorylation, ligand and nucleic acid binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a crucial component for the proper maintenance of chromatin structure and function. It has been proposed that HP1 functions through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which allows it to sequester and compact chromatin into transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin regions. In vitro, HP1 can form phase separated liquid droplets upon phosphorylation of its N-terminus extension (NTE) and/or through interactions with DNA and chromatin. While it is known that LLPS requires homodimerization of HP1 and that it involves interactions between the positively charged hinge region of HP1 and the negatively charged phosphorylated NTE or nucleic acid, the precise molecular details of this process and its regulation are still unclear. Here, we combine computational modeling and experimental approaches to elucidate the phase separation properties of HP1 under phosphorylation-driven and DNA-driven LLPS conditions. We also tune these properties using peptides from four HP1 binding partners (Sgo1, CAF-1, LBR, and H3). In phosphorylation-driven LLPS, HP1 can exchange intradimer hinge-NTE interactions with interdimer contacts, which also leads to a structural change from a compacted to an extended HP1 dimer conformation. This process can be enhanced by the presence of positively charged peptide ligands such as Sgo1 and H3 and disrupted by the addition of negatively charged or neutral peptides such as LBR and CAF-1. In DNA-driven LLPS, both positively and negatively charged peptide ligands can perturb phase separation. Our findings demonstrate the importance of electrostatic interactions in the LLPS of HP1 where binding partners can modulate the overall charge of the droplets and screen or enhance hinge region interactions through specific and non-specific effects. Our study illuminates the complex molecular framework that can fine tune the properties of HP1 and that can contribute to heterochromatin regulation and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Her, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapoor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizuan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular interactions underlying the phase separation of HP1: Role of phosphorylation, ligand and nucleic acid binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.22.497218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spatially anchored transcriptomic atlas of the human kidney papilla identifies significant immune injury and matrix remodeling in patients with stone disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.22.497218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kidney stone disease causes significant morbidity and increases health care utilization. The pathogenesis of stone disease is not completely understood, due in part to the poor characterization of the cellular and molecular makeup of the kidney papilla and its alteration with disease. We deciphered the cellular and molecular niche of the human renal papilla in patients with calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone disease compared to healthy subjects using single nuclear RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and high-resolution large-scale multiplexed 3D and Co-Detection by indexing (CODEX) imaging. In addition to identifying cell types important in papillary physiology, we defined subtypes of immune, stromal and principal cells enriched in the papilla, and characterized an undifferentiated epithelial cell cluster that was more prevalent in stone patients. Despite the focal nature of mineral deposition in nephrolithiasis, we uncovered a global injury signature involving multiple cell types within the papilla, characterized by immune activation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling. The microenvironment of mineral deposition had features of an immune synapse with antigen presenting inflammatory macrophages interacting with T cells, and an immune repertoire ranging from inflammation to fibrosis. The expression of MMP7 and MMP9 was associated with stone disease and mineral deposition, respectively. MMP7 and MMP9 were significantly increased in the urine of patients with CaOx stone disease compared to non-stone formers, and their levels correlated with disease activity in stone formers. Our results define the spatial molecular landscape and specific pathways contributing to stone-mediated injury in the human papilla, and identify potential urinary biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Canela, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingeman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabo, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barwinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winfree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaFavers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coe, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worcester, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kidney Precision Medicine Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.22.497218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spatially anchored transcriptomic atlas of the human kidney papilla identifies significant immune injury and matrix remodeling in patients with stone disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PERIOD phosphorylation leads to feedback inhibition of CK1 activity to control circadian period 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PERIOD (PER) and Casein Kinase 1{delta} regulate circadian rhythms through a phosphoswitch that controls PER stability and repressive activity in the molecular clock. CK1{delta} phosphorylation of the Familial Advanced Sleep Phase (FASP) serine cluster embedded within the Casein Kinase 1 binding domain (CK1BD) of mammalian PER1/2 inhibits its activity on phosphodegrons to stabilize PER and extend circadian period. Here, we show that the phosphorylated FASP region (pFASP) of PER2 directly interacts with and inhibits CK1{delta}. Co-crystal structures in conjunction with accelerated molecular dynamics simulations reveal how pFASP phosphoserines dock into conserved anion binding sites near the active site of CK1{delta}. Limiting phosphorylation of the FASP serine cluster reduces product inhibition, decreasing PER2 stability and shortens circadian period in human cells. We found that Drosophila PER also regulates CK1{delta} via feedback inhibition through the phosphorylated PER-Short domain, revealing a conserved mechanism by which PER phosphorylation near the CK1BD regulates CK1 kinase activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Philpott, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeberg, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimamurthy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segal, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virshup, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partch, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PERIOD phosphorylation leads to feedback inhibition of CK1 activity to control circadian period]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning Identifies Signatures of Macrophage Reactivity and Tolerance that Predict Disease Outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomic studies have greatly improved organ-specific insights into macrophage polarization states are essential for the initiation and resolution of inflammation in all tissues; however, such insights are yet to translate into therapies that can predictably alter macrophage fate. Using machine learning algorithms on human macrophages, here we reveal the continuum of polarization states that is shared across diverse contexts. A path, comprised of 338 genes accurately identified both physiologic and pathologic spectra of "reactivity" and "tolerance", and remained relevant across tissues, organs, species and immune cells (> 12,500 diverse datasets). This 338-gene signature identified macrophage polarization states at single-cell resolution, in physiology and across diverse human diseases, and in murine pre-clinical disease models. The signature consistently outperformed conventional signatures in the degree of transcriptome-proteome overlap, and in detecting disease states; it also prognosticated outcomes across diverse acute and chronic diseases, e.g., sepsis, liver fibrosis, aging and cancers. Crowd-sourced genetic and pharmacologic studies confirmed that model-rationalized interventions trigger predictable macrophage fates. These findings provide a formal and universally relevant definition of macrophage states and a predictive framework (http://hegemon.ucsd.edu/SMaRT) for the scientific community to develop macrophage-targeted precision diagnostics and therapeutics.

One Sentence SummarySignatures of macrophage reactivity and tolerance (SMaRT) predict disease outcomes
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.27.497783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning Identifies Signatures of Macrophage Reactivity and Tolerance that Predict Disease Outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-driven extracellular volume expansion drives vertebrate axis elongation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vertebrate bauplan is primarily established via the formation of embryonic tissues in a head-to-tail progression. The biomechanics of this elongation, which requires the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), remains poorly understood. Here, we find that avian PSM explants can elongate autonomously when physically confined in vitro, producing a pushing force that can largely account for the posterior elongation of the embryo. Tissue elongation results from volumetric expansion that is driven by cellular activity and accompanied by inhomogeneous increase of the extracellular fraction along the AP axis. We show that FGF signaling promotes glycolysis-dependent production of Hyaluronic Acid (HA), which is required for expansion of the posterior PSM. Our findings link body axis elongation to tissue expansion through the metabolic control of extracellular matrix production downstream of FGF signaling.

One-Sentence SummaryActive tissue expansion propels body elongation independent of cell proliferation-driven growth
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Michaut, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mongera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigoni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duarte, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahadevan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guevorkian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pourquie, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.27.497799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-driven extracellular volume expansion drives vertebrate axis elongation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing Muscle Hypertrophy with a Natural Product Designed to Inhibit SIRT1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle mass and strength are predictors of longevity. We have previously identified a series of molecular brakes that slow muscle growth in response to stress. One potential stress that we hypothesized would limit muscle growth is caloric stress through the activation of SIRT1. We therefore identified natural product inhibitors of SIRT1 and tested their effects on load-induced increases in muscle fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) using an incomplete factorial design. Supplying varying amounts of three natural products for the full two-week period of overload resulted in increases in fCSA that varied from -2 to 113%. Using these data, we produced a model that predicted the optimal combination and concentration of each natural product and validated this model in a separate cohort of animals. Following two weeks of overload, fCSA in the optimal group increased 62%, whereas in the placebo fCSA increased only 3%. The greater increase in fCSA was not the result of an increase in ribosomal mass. In fact, the optimal group showed significantly less of the 5 external transcribed spacer, a marker of 47S ribosomal RNA synthesis, and a trend for decreased total RNA. In spite of the lower ribosome mass, the increase in protein synthesis was similar, suggesting that the natural product cocktail may be increasing ribosomal efficiency rather than capacity. These data suggest that inhibition of SIRT1, together with exercise, may be useful in increasing muscle fCSA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pathak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athalye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.27.497838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing Muscle Hypertrophy with a Natural Product Designed to Inhibit SIRT1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Function and phylogeny support the independent evolution of acid-sensing ion channels in the Placozoa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels that are part of the Deg/ENaC ion channel family, which also includes neuropeptide-, bile acid-, and mechanically-gated channels. Despite sharing common tertiary and quaternary structures, strong sequence divergence within the Deg/ENaC family has made it difficult to resolve their phylogenetic relationships, and by extension, whether channels with common functional features, such as proton-activation, share common ancestry or evolved independently. Here, we report that a Deg/ENaC channel from the early diverging placozoan species Trichoplax adhaerens, named TadNaC2, conducts proton-activated currents in vitro with biophysical features that resemble those of the mammalian ASIC1 to ASIC3 channels. Through a combined cluster- based and phylogenetic analysis, we successfully resolve the evolutionary relationships of most major lineages of metazoan Deg/ENaC channels, identifying two subfamilies within the larger Deg/ENaC family that are of ancient, pre-bilaterian origin. We also identify bona fide Deg/ENaC channel homologues from filasterean and heterokont single celled eukaryotes. Furthermore, we find that ASIC channels, TadNaC2, and various other proton-activated channels from vertebrates and invertebrates are part of phylogenetically distinct lineages. Through structural modelling and mutation analysis, we find that TadNaC2 proton-activation employs fundamentally different molecular determinants than ASIC channels, and identify two unique histidine residues in the placozoan channel that are required for its proton-activation. Together, our phylogenetic and functional analyses support the independent evolution of proton-activated channels in the phylum Placozoa. Spurred by our discovery of pH sensitive channels, we discovered that despite lacking a nervous system, Trichoplax can sense changes in extracellular pH to coordinate its various cell types to locomote away from acidic environments, and to contract upon rapid exposure to acidic pH in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Lastly, via yeast 2 hybrid screening, we find that the Trichoplax channels TadNaC2 and TadNaC10, belonging to the two separate Deg/ENaC subfamilies, interact with the cytoskeleton organizing protein filamin, similar to the interaction reported for the human ENaC channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elkhatib, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanez-Guerra, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayorova, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senatore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.497943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Function and phylogeny support the independent evolution of acid-sensing ion channels in the Placozoa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GLT8D1 mutations cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via disruption of neurotrophin signalling within membrane lipid rafts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.28.497990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations within GLT8D1 contribute to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pathogenic mutations impair GLT8D1 glycosyltransferase enzymatic function via a dominant negative mechanism, yet the downstream mechanism leading to neurotoxicity is unclear. Here we show that a p.R92C mutation causes fragmentation of the Golgi network and reduces ganglioside expression within membrane lipid rafts (MLRs), leading to impaired neurotrophin signalling. Expression of p.R92C-GLT8D1 in HEK293 cells and mouse primary neurons reduces expression of GM1 gangliosides within the cell plasma membrane leading to disruption of MLRs. Furthermore, p.R92C-GLT8D1 reduces TrkB-mediated pro-survival signalling in MLRs isolated from primary neurons. Interestingly, up-regulation of wild-type GLT8D1 enhances MLRs and promotes pro-survival signalling through TrkB. This closely mirrors findings for another ALS gene, CAV1, suggesting convergence on a common pathogenic pathway. Other ALS genes have been associated with Golgi dysfunction and may disrupt the same pathway, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach via upregulation of GLT8D1.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=193 SRC="FIGDIR/small/497990v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (69K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1992dc4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18be04eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@333216org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11d76c5_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moll, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbanek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranganathan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higginbottom, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper-Knock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.28.497990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GLT8D1 mutations cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via disruption of neurotrophin signalling within membrane lipid rafts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Avian and Human Influenza Viruses Exhibit Distinct Glycoconjugate Receptor Specificities in Human Lung Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IAV utilize sialic acid (Sia) containing cell surface glycoconjugates for host cell infection, and IAV strains from different host species show preferences for structurally distinct Sia at the termini of glycoconjugates. Various types of cell surface glycoconjugates (N-glycans, O-glycans, glycolipids) display significant diversity in both structure and carbohydrate composition. To define the types of glycoconjugates that facilitate IAV infection, we utilized the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to truncate different types of glycoconjugates, either individually or in combination, by targeting glycosyltransferases essential to glycan biosynthesis in a human lung epithelial cell line. Our studies show that both human and avian IAV strains do not display strict preferences for a specific type of glycoconjugate. Interestingly, truncation of all three types of glycoconjugates significantly decreased the replication of human IAV strains, yet did not impact the replication of avian IAV strains. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that avian IAV strains utilize a broader repertoire of glycoconjugates for host cell infection as compared to human IAV strains.

Author SummaryIt is well known that influenza A viruses (IAV) initiate host cell infection by binding to sialic acid, a sugar molecule present at the ends of various sugar chains called glycoconjugates. These glycoconjugates can vary in chain length, structure, and composition. However, it remains unknown if IAV strains preferentially bind to sialic acid on specific glycoconjugates for host cell infection. Here, we utilized CRISPR gene editing to abolish sialic acid on different glycoconjugate types in human lung cells, and evaluated human versus avian IAV infections. Our studies show that both human and avian IAV strains can infect human lung cells by utilizing any of the three major sialic acid-containing glycoconjugate types, specifically N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycolipids. Interestingly, simultaneous elimination of sialic acid on all three glycoconjugate types in human lung cells dramatically decreased human IAV infection, yet had little effect on avian IAV infection. Our studies indicate that avian IAV strains can utilize a wide variety of glycoconjugates for infection, whereas human IAV strains display restrictions in glycoconjugate type usage. These novel studies show distinct differences in host glycoconjugate preferences between human and avian IAV strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manivasagam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturtz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandasamy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gourronc, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klingelhutz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neelamegham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manicassamy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.29.498208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Avian and Human Influenza Viruses Exhibit Distinct Glycoconjugate Receptor Specificities in Human Lung Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.497845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal, Multi-platform Metagenomics Yields a High-quality Genomic Catalog and Guides an In Vitro Model for Cheese Communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.497845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiomes are intricately intertwined with human health, geochemical cycles and food production. While many microbiomes of interest are highly complex and experimentally intractable, cheese rind microbiomes have proven powerful model systems for the study of microbial interactions. To provide a more comprehensive view of the genomic potential and temporal dynamics of cheese rind communities, we combine longitudinal, multi-platform metagenomics of three ripening washed-rind cheeses with whole genome sequencing of community isolates. Sequencing-based approaches revealed a highly reproducible microbial succession in each cheese, co-existence of closely related Psychrobacter species, and enabled the prediction of plasmid and phage diversity and their host associations. Combined with culture-based approaches, we established a genomic catalog and a paired 16-member in vitro washed rind cheese system. The combination of multi-platform metagenomic time-series data and an in vitro model provides a rich resource for further investigation of cheese rind microbiomes both computationally and experimentally.

ImportanceMetagenome sequencing can provide great insights into microbiome composition and function and help researchers develop testable hypotheses. Model microbiomes, such as those composed of cheese rind bacteria and fungi, then allow the testing of these hypotheses in a controlled manner. Here, we first generate an extensive longitudinal metagenomic dataset. This dataset reveals successional dynamics, yields a phyla-spanning bacterial genomic catalog, associates mobile genetic elements with their hosts and provides insights into functional enrichment of Psychrobacter in the cheese environment. Next, we show that members of the washed-rind cheese microbiome lend themselves to in vitro community reconstruction. This paired metagenomic data and in vitro system can thus be used as a platform for generating and testing hypotheses related to the dynamics within, and functions associated with, cheese rind microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saak, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashby, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.01.497845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal, Multi-platform Metagenomics Yields a High-quality Genomic Catalog and Guides an In Vitro Model for Cheese Communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.498881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large library docking for novel SARS-CoV-2 main protease non-covalent and covalent inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.05.498881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antiviral therapeutics to treat SARS-CoV-2 are much desired for the on-going pandemic. A well-precedented viral enzyme is the main protease (MPro), which is now targeted by an approved drug and by several investigational drugs. With the inevitable liabilities of these new drugs, and facing viral resistance, there remains a call for new chemical scaffolds against MPro. We virtually docked 1.2 billion non-covalent and a new library of 6.5 million electrophilic molecules against the enzyme structure. From these, 29 non-covalent and 11 covalent inhibitors were identified in 37 series, the most potent having an IC50 of 29 M and 20 M, respectively. Several series were optimized, resulting in inhibitors active in the low micromolar range. Subsequent crystallography confirmed the docking predicted binding modes and may template further optimization. Together, these compounds reveal new chemotypes to aid in further discovery of MPro inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 and other future coronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fink, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardine, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahbauer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ary, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigneron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondratov, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moroz, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taunton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renslo, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoichet, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craik, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.05.498881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large library docking for novel SARS-CoV-2 main protease non-covalent and covalent inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.07.499213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale capture of hidden fluorescent labels for training generalizable markerless motion capture models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.07.499213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in deep learning-based markerless pose estimation have dramatically improved the scale and ease with which body landmarks can be tracked in studies of animal behavior. However, pose estimation for animals in a laboratory setting still faces some specific challenges. Researchers typically need to manually generate new training data for each experimental setup and visual environment, limiting the generalizability of this approach. With each network being trained from scratch, different investigators track distinct anatomical landmarks and analyze the resulting kinematic data in idiosyncratic ways. Moreover, much of the movement data is discarded: only a few sparse landmarks are typically labeled, due to the inherent scale and accuracy limits of manual annotation. To address these issues, we developed an approach, which we term GlowTrack, for generating large training datasets that overcome the relatively modest limits of manual labeling, enabling deep learning models that generalize across experimental contexts. The key innovations are: a) an automated, high-throughput approach for generating hidden labels free of human error using fluorescent markers; b) a multi-camera, multi-light setup for generating large amounts of training data under diverse visual conditions; and c) a technique for massively parallel tracking of hundreds of landmarks simultaneously using computer vision feature matching algorithms, providing dense coverage for kinematic analysis at a resolution not currently available. These advances yield versatile deep learning models that are trained at scale, laying the foundation for standardized behavioral pipelines and more complete scrutiny of animal movements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Butler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keim, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.07.499213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale capture of hidden fluorescent labels for training generalizable markerless motion capture models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The crosstalk between microbial sensors ELMO1 and NOD2 shape intestinal immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial sensors play an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Our knowledge is limited on how microbial sensing helps in differential immune response and its link to inflammatory diseases. Recently, we have shown that cytosolic sensor ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) binds to effectors from pathogenic bacteria and controls intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that ELMO1 interacts with another sensor, NOD2 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2), that recognizes bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The polymorphism of NOD2 is linked to Crohns disease (CD) pathogenesis. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of ELMO1 and mutant NOD2 (L1007fs) were not able to clear the CD-associated adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC-LF82). To understand the interplay of microbial sensing of ELMO1-NOD2 in epithelial cells and macrophages, we used enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from ELMO1 and NOD2 KO mice and ELMO1 and NOD2-depleted murine macrophage cell lines. The infection of murine EDMs with AIEC-LF82 showed higher bacterial load in ELMO1-KO, NOD2 KO EDMs, and ELMO1 KO EDMs treated with NOD2 inhibitors. The murine macrophage cells showed that the downregulation of ELMO1 and NOD2 is associated with impaired bacterial clearance that is linked to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Our results indicated that the crosstalk between microbial sensors in enteric infection and inflammatory diseases impacts the fate of the bacterial load and disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gementera, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhury, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usmani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.09.499433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The crosstalk between microbial sensors ELMO1 and NOD2 shape intestinal immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measurement of Cervical Neuronal Activity during Stress Challenge Using Novel Flexible Adhesive Surface Electrodes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.10.499484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study introduces a flexible, adhesive-integrated electrode array that was developed to enable non-invasive monitoring of cervical nerve activity. The device uses silver-silver chloride as the electrode material of choice and combines it with a novel electrode array consisting of a customized biopotential data acquisition unit and integrated graphical user interface (GUI) for visualization of real-time monitoring. Preliminary testing demonstrated this novel electrode design can achieve a high signal to noise ratio during cervical neural recordings. To demonstrate the capability of the surface electrodes to detect changes in cervical neuronal activity, the cold-pressor test (CPT) and a timed respiratory challenge were employed as stressors to the autonomic nervous system. This sensor system recording, a new novel technique, was termed Cervical Electroneurography (CEN). By applying a custom spike sorting algorithm to the novel electrode measurements, neural activity was classified in two ways: 1) pre-to-post CPT, and 2) during a timed respiratory challenge. Unique to this work: 1) rostral to caudal channel position-specific (cephalad to caudal) firing patterns and 2) cross challenge biotype-specific change in average CEN firing, were observed with both CPT and the timed respiratory challenge. Future work is planned to develop an ambulatory CEN recording device that could provide immediate notification of autonomic nervous system activity changes that might indicate autonomic dysregulation in healthy subjects and clinical disease states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurniawa, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prince, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sit, N. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjhia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.10.499484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measurement of Cervical Neuronal Activity during Stress Challenge Using Novel Flexible Adhesive Surface Electrodes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Association Study in a Rat Model of Temperament Identifies Multiple Loci for Exploratory Locomotion and Anxiety-Like Traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Common genetic factors likely contribute to multiple psychiatric diseases including mood and substance use disorders. Certain stable, heritable traits reflecting temperament, termed externalizing or internalizing, play a large role in modulating vulnerability to these disorders. To model these heritable tendencies, we selectively bred rats for high and low exploration in a novel environment (bred High Responders (bHR) vs. Low Responders (bLR)). To identify genes underlying the response to selection, we phenotyped and genotyped 558 rats from an F2 cross between bHR and bLR. Several behavioral traits show high heritability, including the selection trait: exploratory locomotion (EL) in a novel environment. There were significant phenotypic and genetic correlations between tests that capture facets of EL and anxiety. There were also correlations with Pavlovian conditioned approach (PavCA) behavior despite the lower heritability of that trait.

Ten significant and conditionally independent loci for six behavioral traits were identified. Five of the six traits reflect different facets of EL that were captured by three behavioral tests. Distance traveled measures from the open field and the elevated plus maze map onto different loci, thus may represent different aspects of novelty-induced locomotor activity. The sixth behavioral trait, number of fecal boli, is the only anxiety-related trait mapping to a significant locus on chromosome 18 within which the Pik3c3 gene is located. There were no significant loci for PavCA. We identified a missense variant in the Plekhf1 gene on the chromosome 1:95 Mb QTL and Fancf and Gas2 as potential candidate genes that may drive the chromosome 1:107 Mb QTL for EL traits. The identification of a locomotor activity-related QTL on chromosome 7 encompassing the Pkhd1l1 and Trhr genes is consistent with our previous finding of these genes being differentially expressed in the hippocampus of bHR vs. bLR rats.

The strong heritability coupled with identification of several loci associated with exploratory locomotion and emotionality provide compelling support for this selectively bred rat model in discovering relatively large effect causal variants tied to elements of internalizing and externalizing behaviors inherent to psychiatric and substance use disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebda-Bauer, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blandino, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maras, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozel, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Association Study in a Rat Model of Temperament Identifies Multiple Loci for Exploratory Locomotion and Anxiety-Like Traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rewiring Dynamics of Functional Connectome in Motor Cortex during Motor Skill Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains connectome continually rewires throughout the life of an organism. In this study, we sought to elucidate the operational principles of such rewiring by analyzing the functional connectomes in mouse primary motor cortex (M1) during a 14-session (day) lever-press task learning in response to an auditory cue. Specifically, we employed Calcium imaging recordings of L2/3 and L5 of M1 in awake mice to reconstruct and analyze functional connectomes across learning sessions. Our results show that functional connectomes in L2/3 and L5 follow a similar learning-induced rewiring trajectory. More specifically, the connectomes rewire in a biphasic manner, where functional connectivity increases over the first few learning sessions, and then, it is gradually pruned to return to a homeostatic level of network density. We demonstrated that the increase of network connectivity in L2/3 connectomes, but not in L5, generates neuronal co-firing activity that correlates with higher motor performance (shorter cue-to-reward time), while motor performance remains relatively stable throughout the pruning phase. The results show a biphasic rewiring principle that involves the maximization of reward / performance and maintenance of network density. Finally, we demonstrated that the connectome rewiring in L2/3 is clustered around a core set of movement-associated neurons that form a highly interconnected hub in the connectomes, and that the activity of these core neurons stably encodes movement throughout learning.

Significance StatementConnectomes in the motor cortex rewire during motor skill learning, but the operational principle behind this rewiring is yet to be determined. Here, we characterized the rewiring dynamics of functional connectomes in L2/3 and L5 of M1 in mice engaging in a lever-press learning, using two-photon fluorescence microscopy data. We identified a universal biphasic rewiring trajectory across animals and layers in the motor cortex that reflects two objectives: an exploratory phase that increases functional connectivity and optimizes motor performance, and a pruning phase that brings connectivity back to a homeostatic level while maintaining motor performance. We found further that connectome rewiring during motor skill learning concentrates around a core set of highly interconnected neurons in L2/3 that reliably encode movements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meamardoost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mewes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rewiring Dynamics of Functional Connectome in Motor Cortex during Motor Skill Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.499814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maximizing CRISPRi efficacy and accessibility with dual-sgRNA libraries and optimal effectors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.13.499814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) enables programmable, reversible, and titratable repression of gene expression (knockdown) in mammalian cells. Initial CRISPRi-mediated genetic screens have showcased the potential to address basic questions in cell biology, genetics, and biotechnology, but wider deployment of CRISPRi screening has been constrained by the large size of single guide RNA (sgRNA) libraries and challenges in generating cell models with consistent CRISPRi-mediated knockdown. Here, we present next-generation CRISPRi sgRNA libraries and effector expression constructs that enable strong and consistent knockdown across mammalian cell models. First, we combine empirical sgRNA selection with a dual-sgRNA library design to generate an ultra-compact (1-3 elements per gene), highly active CRISPRi sgRNA library. Next, we rigorously compare CRISPRi effectors to show that the recently published Zim3-dCas9 provides the best balance between strong on-target knockdown and minimal nonspecific effects on cell growth or the transcriptome. Finally, we engineer a suite of cell lines with stable expression of Zim3-dCas9 and robust on-target knockdown. Our results and publicly available reagents establish best practices for CRISPRi genetic screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Replogle, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnar, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogson, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kampmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.13.499814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maximizing CRISPRi efficacy and accessibility with dual-sgRNA libraries and optimal effectors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of bacterial suppression by phage cocktails, dual-receptor generalists, and coevolutionarily trained phages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria have renewed interest in phage therapy, the use of bacterial viruses (phages) to combat bacterial infections. The delivery of phages in cocktails where constituent phages target different modalities (e.g., receptors) may improve treatment outcomes by making it more difficult for bacteria to evolve resistance. However, the multipartite nature of cocktails may lead to unintended evolutionary and ecological outcomes. Here, we compare a 2-phage cocktail with a largely unconsidered group of phages: generalists that can infect through multiple, independent receptors. We find that both generalists and cocktails that target the same receptors suppress bacteria similarly for ~2 d. Yet a "trained" generalist phage, which previously adapted to its host via 28 d of coevolution, demonstrated superior suppression. To understand why the trained generalist was more effective, we measured the resistance of bacteria against each of our phages. We find that, when bacteria were assailed by 2 phages in the cocktail, they evolved mutations in manXYZ, a host inner-membrane transporter that {lambda} uses to move its DNA across the periplasmic space and into the cell for infection. This provided crossresistance against the cocktail and untrained generalist. However, these mutations were ineffective at blocking the trained generalist because, through coevolutionary training, it evolved to bypass manXYZ resistance. The trained generalists past experiences in training make it exceedingly difficult for bacteria to evolve resistance, further demonstrating the utility of coevolutionary phage training for improving the therapeutic properties of phages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerbino, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of bacterial suppression by phage cocktails, dual-receptor generalists, and coevolutionarily trained phages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Profiling of the Hippocampus in an F2 Cross of a Genetic Rat Model of Internalizing vs. Externalizing Behavior and Addiction Liability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selectively-bred High Responder (bHR) and Low Responder (bLR) rats model the extreme externalizing and internalizing behavior accompanying many psychiatric disorders. To elucidate gene expression underlying these heritable behavioral differences, bHRs and bLRs (generation 37) were used to produce a F0-F1-F2 cross. We measured exploratory locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and reward cue sensitivity (Pavlovian Conditioned Approach), and performed hippocampal RNA-Seq in male and female F0s (n=24) and F2s (n=250). Behaviors that diverged during selective breeding remained correlated in F2s, implying a shared genetic basis. F0 bHR/bLR differential expression was robust, surpassing differences associated with sex, and predicted expression patterns associated with F2 behavior. With bHR-like behavior, gene sets related to growth/proliferation were upregulated, whereas with bLR-like behavior, gene sets related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and microglial activation were upregulated. This differential expression could be successfully predicted based on F0 genotype using cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) identified in the F2s. Colocalization of these cis-eQTLs with behavioral Quantitative Trait Loci pinpointed 16 differentially expressed genes that were strong candidates for mediating the influence of genetic variation on behavioral temperament. Our findings implicate hippocampal bioenergetic regulation of oxidative stress, microglial activation, and growth-related processes in shaping behavioral temperament, modulating vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hebda-Bauer, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagenauer, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blandino, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozel, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Profiling of the Hippocampus in an F2 Cross of a Genetic Rat Model of Internalizing vs. Externalizing Behavior and Addiction Liability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Type 9 Secretion System enables sharing of fungal mannan by human gut Bacteroides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Degradation of complex carbohydrates in the gut is a key trait of Bacteroides species. Some glycans are metabolised  selfishly releasing few or no oligosaccharide breakdown products from complex polysaccharides, whereas others release oligosaccharides and cross feed other microbes. The outer cell wall of many fungi commonly found in the gut consists of highly -mannosylated proteins which have been shown to be metabolised in a  selfish manner by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. We show that the species Bacteroides salyersiae releases branched manno-oligosaccharides during growth on mannan and that these act as a nutrient source for Bacteroides spp. that are unable to degrade polymeric mannan. Molecular characterisation of the locus responsible for mannan degradation reveals that it contains multiple glycoside hydrolases and glycan binding proteins targeted to the Type 9 Secretion System, a Bacteroidetes specific secretion system that allows the secretion of large folded proteins across the outer membrane. More commonly found in oral and environmental Bacteroidetes, here the T9SS enables B. salyersiae to locate large, multimodular enzymes and glycan binding proteins outside the cell to target a complex, branched polysaccharide. This points to a previously unknown role of the T9SS in glycan metabolism in gut Bacteroides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buzun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heunis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.15.500217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Type 9 Secretion System enables sharing of fungal mannan by human gut Bacteroides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical polarity ensures its own asymmetric inheritance in the stomatal lineage to pattern the leaf surface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) specify differential cell fates across kingdoms. In metazoans, preferential inheritance of fate determinants into one daughter cell frequently depends on polarity-cytoskeleton interactions (1, 2). Despite the prevalence of ACDs during plant development, evidence for analogous mechanisms that segregate fate determinants during ACD remain elusive. Here, we describe a mechanism in the Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermis that ensures unequal inheritance of a fate-enforcing polarity domain during the creation of stomata, essential two-celled valves that mediate gas exchange between the plant and environment. Formation of a plasma membrane-associated polarity domain, defined by BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL), overrides default division patterns in stomatal precursors. The polarity domain exerts this control by constraining formation of the preprophase band of microtubules that mark the cortical division site and are a hallmark of plant mitosis. Experimentally uncoupling preprophase band establishment from the polarity domain results in aberrant polarity inheritance and subsequent fate errors. Mechanistically, our analyses of the interactions between microtubules and BASL in native and heterologous contexts revealed that the stomatal lineage polarity domain locally depletes cortical microtubules by altering microtubule stability. As the inherited cortical BASL crescent scaffolds a MAPK cascade to suppress progenitor identity in one daughter post-division, we propose that BASL-microtubule interactions represent a novel strategy to link cell identity to division orientation. Together, our data highlight how a common biological module, coupling the cytoskeleton to fate segregation via cell polarity, has been configured to accommodate the unique features of plant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muroyama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.15.500234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical polarity ensures its own asymmetric inheritance in the stomatal lineage to pattern the leaf surface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a Papain-Like Protease Inhibitor with Potential for Repurposing in Combination with an Mpro Protease Inhibitor for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 requires two cysteine proteases for viral polypeptide processing to allow maturation and replication: the 3C-like protease also known as the Main protease (Mpro) and the papain-like protease (PLpro). In addition to its critical role in viral replication, PLpro removes post-translational modifications like ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) from host proteins through its deubiquitinase domain, leading to host immunosuppression and increased ability of the virus to evade the host antiviral immune response. Through screening of a custom clinical compound library, we identified eltrombopag (DDL-701), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, as having PLpro inhibitory activity that is sustained in the presence of the Mpro inhibitor nirmatrelvir. DDL-701 also suppressed both the deubiquitinase and ISG15 cleavage activities of PLpro. In addition, DDL-701 partially restored interferon-{beta} induction - an element of the host immune response - in an in vitro model system. Further, modeling and docking studies suggest DDL-701 interacts with the active site region of the PLpro enzyme and pilot pharmacokinetic studies indicate it is brain permeable. DDL-701 is already approved for treatment of thrombocytopenia and has previously been shown to achieve human plasma levels after oral dosing that is above the IC50 needed for it to exert its PLpro inhibitory activity in vivo. In addition, it has also been reported to have antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. DDL-701 thus represents a drug that can immediately be repurposed and undergo clinical evaluation as a PLpro inhibitor that may be most effectively used in a protease inhibitor cocktail with an Mpro inhibitor such as nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) for the treatment of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campagna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagodzinska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spilman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enquist, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajtov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arumugaswami, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M. M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damoiseaux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.18.500363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a Papain-Like Protease Inhibitor with Potential for Repurposing in Combination with an Mpro Protease Inhibitor for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic network models of Gardnerella pangenome identify interactions in the vaginal environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gardnerella is the primary pathogenic bacterial genus present in the polymicrobial infection known as bacterial vaginosis (BV). Despite BVs high prevalence and associated chronic and acute womens health impacts, the Gardnerella pangenome is largely uncharacterized at both the genetic and functional metabolic level. Here, we used genome scale metabolic models to characterize in silico the Gardnerella pangenome metabolic content and assessed metabolic functional capacity within a BV positive cervicovaginal fluid context. Metabolic capacity varied widely across the pangenome, with 38.15% of all reactions as core to the genus, compared to 49.6% of reactions identified as unique to a smaller subset of species. Four genes - gpsA, fas, suhB, psd - were identified as core essential genes, critical for in silico metabolic function of all analyzed bacterial species in the Gardnerella genus. Further understanding of these core essential metabolic functions could inform novel therapeutic strategies to treat BV. These data represent the first metabolic modelling of the Gardnerella pangenome and illustrate strain-specific interactions with the vaginal metabolic environment across the pangenome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dillard, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas-White, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.18.500544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic network models of Gardnerella pangenome identify interactions in the vaginal environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep generative modeling and clustering of single cell Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering 3D genome conformation is important for understanding gene regulation and cellular function at a spatial level. The recent advances of single cell Hi-C technologies have enabled the profiling of the 3D architecture of DNA within individual cell, which allows us to study the cell-to-cell variability of 3D chromatin organization. Computational approaches are in urgent need to comprehensively analyze the sparse and heterogeneous single cell Hi-C data. Here, we proposed scDEC-Hi-C, a new framework for single cell Hi-C analysis with deep generative neural networks. scDEC-Hi-C outperforms existing methods in terms of single cell Hi-C data clustering and imputation. Moreover, the generative power of scDEC-Hi-C could help unveil the heterogeneity of chromatin architecture across different cell types. We expect that scDEC-Hi-C could shed light on deepening our understanding of the complex mechanism underlying the formation of chromatin contacts. scDEC-Hi-C is freely available at https://github.com/kimmo1019/scDEC-Hi-C.

Key pointsO_LIscDEC-Hi-C provides an end-to-end framework based on autoencoder and deep generative model to comprehensively analyze single cell Hi-C data, including low-dimensional embedding and clustering.
C_LIO_LIThrough a series of experiments including single cell Hi-C data clustering and structural difference identification, scDEC-Hi-C demonstrates suprioir performance over existing methods.
C_LIO_LIIn the downstream analysis of chromatin loops from single cell Hi-C data, scDEC-Hi-C is capable of significantly enhancing the ability for identifying single cell chromatin loops by data imputation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep generative modeling and clustering of single cell Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipocyte-secreted IL-6 sensitizes macrophages to IL-4 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex bidirectional crosstalk between adipocytes and adipose tissue immune cells plays an important role in regulating adipose function, inflammation, and insulin responsiveness. Adipocytes secrete the pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 in response to both inflammatory and catabolic stimuli. Previous studies suggest that IL-6 secretion from adipocytes in obesity may promote adipose tissue inflammation. Here we investigated catabolic stimulation of adipocyte IL-6 secretion and its impact on adipose tissue immune cells. In obesity, catecholamine resistance reduces cAMP-driven adipocyte IL-6 secretion in response to catabolic signals. By restoring adipocyte catecholamine sensitivity in obese adipocytes, amlexanox stimulates adipocyte-specific IL-6 secretion. Here we report that in this context, adipocyte secreted IL-6 activates local macrophage STAT3 to promote Il4ra expression, thereby sensitizing them to IL-4 signaling, and promoting an anti-inflammatory gene expression pattern. Supporting a paracrine adipocyte to macrophage mechanism, these effects could be recapitulated using adipocyte conditioned media to pretreat bone marrow derived macrophages prior to polarization with IL-4. The effects of IL-6 signaling in the adipose tissue are complex and context specific. These results suggest that cAMP driven IL-6 secretion from adipocytes sensitizes adipose tissue macrophages to IL-4 signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luan, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dadpey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaid, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Luca, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipocyte-secreted IL-6 sensitizes macrophages to IL-4 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-ancestry GWAS of major depression aids locus discovery, fine-mapping, gene prioritisation, and causal inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major depression (MD) have been conducted in samples of European ancestry. Here we report a multi-ancestry GWAS of MD, adding data from 21 studies with 88,316 MD cases and 902,757 controls to previously reported data from individuals of European ancestry. This includes samples of African (36% of effective sample size), East Asian (26%) and South Asian (6%) ancestry and Hispanic/Latinx participants (32%). The multi-ancestry GWAS identified 190 significantly associated loci, 53 of them novel. For previously reported loci from GWAS in European ancestry the power-adjusted transferability ratio was 0.6 in the Hispanic/Latinx group and 0.3 in each of the other groups. Fine-mapping benefited from additional sample diversity: the number of credible sets with [&le;]5 variants increased from 3 to 12. A transcriptome-wide association study identified 354 significantly associated genes, 205 of them novel. Mendelian Randomisation showed a bidirectional relationship with BMI exclusively in samples of European ancestry. This first multi-ancestry GWAS of MD demonstrates the importance of large diverse samples for the identification of target genes and putative mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navoly, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannakopoulou, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DL, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renteria, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaziano, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Heel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuillin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bass, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chundru, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkovskaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burmeister, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Actkins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinowitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eato</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.20.500802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-ancestry GWAS of major depression aids locus discovery, fine-mapping, gene prioritisation, and causal inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimizing immunostaining of archival fish samples to enhance museum collection potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.501016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful biochemical technique that uses antibodies to specifically label and visualize proteins of interests within biological samples. However, fluid-preserved specimens within natural history collection often use fixatives and protocols that induce high background signal (autofluorescence), which hampers IHC as it produces low signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we explored techniques to reduce autofluorescence using sodium borohydride (SBH), citrate buffer, and their combination on fish tissue preserved with paraformaldehyde, formalin, ethanol, and glutaraldehyde. We found SBH was the most effective quenching technique, and applied this pretreatment to the gill or skin of 10 different archival fishes - including specimens that had been preserved in formalin or ethanol for up to 65 and 37 years, respectively. The enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) was successfully immunostained and imaged using confocal fluorescence microscopy, allowing for the identification and characterization of NKA-rich ionocytes essential for fish ionic and acid-base homeostasis. Altogether, our SBH-based method facilitates the use of IHC on archival samples, and unlocks the historical record on fish biological responses to environmental factors (such as climate change) using specimens from natural history collections that were preserved decades to centuries ago.

HighlightsO_LISodium borohydride pretreatment reduced aldehyde-induced autofluorescence
C_LIO_LISuccessfully immunostained archival samples of various fixative and fixation time
C_LIO_LILarval fish that was formalin-fixed for 63-65 years was successfully immunostained
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frable, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.501016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimizing immunostaining of archival fish samples to enhance museum collection potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.24.501299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient in vivo neuronal genome editing in the mouse brain using nanocapsules containing CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.24.501299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome editing of somatic cells via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) offers promise for new therapeutics to treat a variety of genetic disorders, including neurological diseases. However, the dense and complex parenchyma of the brain and the post-mitotic state of neurons make efficient genome editing challenging. In vivo delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas proteins and single guide RNA (sgRNA) include both viral vectors and non-viral strategies, each presenting different advantages and disadvantages for clinical application. We developed non-viral and biodegradable PEGylated nanocapsules (NCs) that deliver preassembled Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Here, we show that the RNP NCs led to robust genome editing in neurons following intracerebral injection into the mouse striatum. Genome editing was predominantly observed in medium spiny neurons (>80%), with occasional editing in cholinergic, calretinin, and parvalbumin interneurons. Glial activation was minimal and was localized along the needle tract. Our results demonstrate that the RNP NCs are capable of safe and efficient neuronal genome editing in vivo.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTModifying the DNA of cells in the brain could present opportunities for new treatments of neurological diseases. In this report, we describe a nanocapsule system designed to deliver the elements needed to modify the DNA of brain cells, also known as genome editing. These nanocapsules are created by chemically encapsulating the genome editing components, such that the nanocapsules are stable when prepared and biodegradable to release their payload upon entering cells. When injected into the mouse brain, our research shows that the nanocapsules lead to safe and efficient editing of DNA in neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Metzger, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuman, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snow, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondarenko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felton, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flowers, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emborg, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.24.501299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient in vivo neuronal genome editing in the mouse brain using nanocapsules containing CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.24.501306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microcephaly-associated WDR62 mutations hamper Golgi apparatus-to-spindle pole shuttling in human neural progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.24.501306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
WDR62 is a spindle pole-associated scaffold protein with pleiotropic functions during corticogenesis. Recessive mutations in WDR62 are associated with structural brain abnormalities and account for the second most common cause of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), indicating WDR62 as a critical hub for human brain development. Here, we investigated a C-terminal truncating mutation (D955AfsX112) in WDR62 using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) obtained from a patient with MCPH2. We generated neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells and cerebro-cortical progenitors and neurons from patient-derived and isogenic retro-mutated iPSC lines. We found that WDR62 dysfunction resulted in impaired cell cycle progression and alterations of the neurogenic trajectories of iPSC neuroderivatives. Moreover, we report WDR62 localization at the Golgi apparatus during interphase, both in human neural progenitors in vitro and in human fetal brain tissue. WDR62 shuttling from the Golgi apparatus to spindle poles is dynamic and microtubule-dependent. Impairment of WDR62 function and localization results in severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities, thus delineating new mechanisms in MCPH etiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>dell'Amico, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angulo Salavarria, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saotome, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dell'Anno, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galimberti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrino, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louvi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onorati, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.24.501306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microcephaly-associated WDR62 mutations hamper Golgi apparatus-to-spindle pole shuttling in human neural progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA in the cancerous transformation of Barrett's esophagus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDOncogenes are commonly amplified on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) contributing to poor outcomes for patients. Currently, the chronology of ecDNA development is not known. We studied the origination and evolution of ecDNA in patients with Barretts esophagus (BE) who progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

METHODSWe analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from a BE surveillance cohort and EAC patients at Cambridge University UK (n=206 patients). We also analyzed WGS data from biopsies taken at two time points from multiple sites in the esophagus from 80 patients enrolled in a case-control study at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC) - 40 BE patients who progressed to EAC and 40 who did not.

RESULTSecDNA was detected in 24% and 43% of BE patients with BE-associated early and late-stage EAC, respectively, in the Cambridge cross-sectional cohort. ecDNA was found in 33% of all FHCC BE patients who developed cancer, either prior to, or at EAC diagnosis. ecDNA was strongly associated with patients who developed cancer, in contrast with FHCC BE patients who did not progress (odds ratio, 18.8, CI - 2.3-152, p=3.3x10-4). ecDNAs were enriched for oncogenes and immunomodulatory genes and could be detected early in the transition from high-grade dysplasia to cancer and increased in copy number and complexity over time.

CONCLUSIONSecDNAs can develop before a diagnosis of cancer in BE patients and are strongly selected for during the evolution to EAC. ecDNAs promote diverse oncogene and immunomodulatory gene amplification during EAC development and progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galipeau, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz-Summercorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jammula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhaak, R. G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maley, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrachromosomal DNA in the cancerous transformation of Barrett's esophagus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse logics and grammar encode notochord enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The notochord is a key structure during chordate development. We have previously identified several enhancers regulated by Zic and ETS that encode notochord activity within the marine chordate Ciona robusta (Ciona). To better understand the role of Zic and ETS within notochord enhancers, we tested 90 genomic elements containing Zic and ETS sites for expression in developing Ciona embryos using a whole-embryo, massively parallel reporter assay. We discovered that 39/90 of the elements were active in developing embryos; however only 10% were active within the notochord, indicating that more than just Zic and ETS sites are required for notochord expression. Further analysis revealed notochord enhancers were regulated by three groups of factors: (1) Zic and ETS, (2) Zic, ETS and Brachyury (Bra), and (3) Zic, ETS, Bra and FoxA. One of these notochord enhancers, regulated by Zic and ETS, is located upstream of laminin alpha, a gene critical for notochord development in both Ciona and vertebrates. Reversing the ETS sites in this enhancer greatly diminish expression, indicating that enhancer grammar is critical for enhancer activity. Strikingly, we find clusters of Zic and ETS binding sites within the introns of mouse and human laminin alpha 1 with conserved enhancer grammar. Our analysis also identified two notochord enhancers regulated by Zic, ETS, FoxA and Bra binding sites: the Bra Shadow (BraS) enhancer located in close proximity to Bra, and an enhancer located near the gene Lrig. Randomizing the BraS enhancer demonstrates that although the Zic and ETS sites are necessary for enhancer activity, they are not sufficient. We find that FoxA and Bra sites contribute to BraS enhancer activity. Zic, ETS, FoxA and Bra binding sites occur within the Ciona Bra434 enhancer and vertebrate notochord Brachyury enhancers, suggesting a conserved regulatory logic. Collectively, this study deepens our understanding of how enhancers encode notochord expression, illustrates the importance of enhancer grammar, and hints at the conservation of enhancer logic and grammar across chordates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsac, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tellez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jindal, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grudzien, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farley, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse logics and grammar encode notochord enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Molecular Hyperspectral PRM-SRS Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipids play crucial roles in many biological processes under physiological and pathological conditions. Mapping spatial distribution and examining metabolic dynamics of different lipids in cells and tissues in situ are critical for understanding aging and diseases. Commonly used imaging methods, including mass spectrometry-based technologies or labeled imaging techniques, tend to disrupt the native environment of cells/tissues and have limited spatial or spectral resolution, while traditional optical imaging techniques still lack the capacity to distinguish chemical differences between lipid subtypes. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new hyperspectral imaging platform that integrates a Penalized Reference Matching algorithm with Stimulated Raman Scattering (PRM-SRS) microscopy. With this new approach, we directly visualized and identified multiple lipid species in cells and tissues in situ with high chemical specificity and subcellular resolution. High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles containing non-esterified cholesterol was observed in the kidney, indicating that these pools of cholesterol are ectopic deposits, or have yet to be enriched. We detected a higher Cholesterol to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio inside the granule cells of hippocampal samples in old mice, suggesting altered membrane lipid synthesis and metabolism in aging brains. PRM-SRS imaging also revealed subcellular distributions of sphingosine and cardiolipin in the human brain sample. Compared with other techniques, PRM-SRS demonstrates unique advantages, including faster data processing and direct user-defined visualization with enhanced chemical specificity for distinguishing clinically relevant lipid subtypes in different organs and species. Our method has broad applications in multiplexed cell and tissue imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Molecular Hyperspectral PRM-SRS Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.502150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Analysis of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions between In Situ and Invasive Breast Cancer using Gene Expression Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.502150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChanges in microenvironment cell-cell interactions (CCI) during the progression from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are poorly understood. Gene expression studies are confounded by cellular heterogeneity and few separate stromal and epithelial contributions, resulting in a lack of reliable prognostic biomarker to guide treatment decisions.

MethodsThe gene expression of 293 microdissected regions from DCIS (92 epithelial, 31 stromal) and IDC (78 epithelial, 30 stromal) cases was aggregated from 6 datasets. Expression signatures of 6 cell lineages extracted from normal breast single-cell profiling were used to correct for differences in cell abundance. Subtype-specific functional differences between DCIS and IDC were measured for each region type using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). DCIS-IDC stromal-epithelial interactions were compared using the expression product of 139 ligand-receptor (LR) pairs permuting the DCIS-IDC labels to assess significance.

ResultsVariation in cell-lineage abundance separated epithelial regions into 4 clusters, including one enriched for DCIS (Myoepi-Enriched) and two for IDC (Infiltrated, Vascularized). GSEA on cell lineage normalized expression data identified subtype-independent changes in epithelial regions (induction of Extracellular Matrix maintenance genes, reduction of Tp53 signaling in IDC), as well as subtype-specific changes (proliferation in ER- and Her2-IDC, reduction in Nucleotide Excision Repair in ER+ IDC). In the stroma, Notch and Rho-GTPase signaling were induced in IDC irrespective of subtype. The stromal-epithelial interaction level of 6 and 4 LR pairs were significantly enriched in DCIS and IDC, respectively. Five of the 6 DCIS-enriched LR pairs involved ephrin interactions, with interaction level progressively decreasing from normal to DCIS to IDC. In contrast, 2 IDC-enriched LR pairs involved T-cell activity likely regulating Treg proliferation (CD28-CD86) or T and NK cells stimulation (CD226-PVR). Notably, the bulk expression product of one identified LR pair (EPHB4-EFNB1) was associated with poor survival in IDC (HR=1.47, p=0.04) suggesting that early remodeling of this stromal-epithelial interaction may have long-lasting impact on disease severity.

ConclusionsThe observed changes in cell states and stromal-epithelial interactions, beyond those driven by difference in cell abundance, may lead to new biomarkers for prognosis and targets for secondary prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Officer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dempsey, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrow, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gartner, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.30.502150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Analysis of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions between In Situ and Invasive Breast Cancer using Gene Expression Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.502165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ERAD-independent role for rhomboid pseudoprotease Dfm1 in mediating sphingolipid homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.30.502165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearly one-third of nascent proteins are initially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where they are correctly folded and assembled before being delivered to their final cellular destinations. To prevent the accumulation of misfolded membrane proteins, ER-associated-degradation (ERAD) removes these clients from the ER membrane to the cytosol in a process known as retrotranslocation. Our recent work demonstrates that rhomboid pseudoprotease, Dfm1, is involved in the retrotranslocation of ubiquitinated integral membrane ERAD substrates. To survey for potential interaction partners of Dfm1, we performed protein-proximity labeling by BioID (proximity-dependent biotin identification) followed by mass spectrometry and identified several interacting proteins known to play a role in the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. Specifically, we found that Dfm1 physically interacts with the SPOTS complex, which is composed of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) enzymes and accessory components and is critical for catalyzing the first rate-limiting step of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. We demonstrate for the first time that Dfm1 has a role in ER export, a function that is independent of Dfm1s canonical ERAD retrotranslocation function. Specifically, we show that loss of Dfm1 results in the accumulation of phosphorylated Orm2 at the ER, suggesting a novel role for Dfm1 in controlling Orm2 export from the ER and its subsequent degradation by EGAD. Moreover, recruitment of Cdc48 by Dfm1, which is critical for its role in ERAD retrotranslocation, is dispensable for Dfm1s role in ER export. Given that the accumulation of human Orm2 homologs, ORMDLs, are associated with many maladies, our study serves as a molecular foothold for understanding how dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism leads to various diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhaduri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguayo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohno, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proietto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kihara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.30.502165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ERAD-independent role for rhomboid pseudoprotease Dfm1 in mediating sphingolipid homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.01.502370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polymorphic short tandem repeats make widespread contributions to blood and serum traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.01.502370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs), genomic regions each consisting of a sequence of 1-6 base pairs repeated in succession, represent one of the largest sources of human genetic variation. However, many STR effects are not captured well by standard genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or downstream analyses that are mostly based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To study the involvement of STRs in complex traits, we imputed genotypes for 445,720 autosomal STRs into genotype array data from 408,153 White British UK Biobank participants and tested for association with 44 blood and serum biomarker phenotypes. We used two fine-mapping methods, SuSiE and FINEMAP, to identify 119 high-confidence STR-trait associations across 93 unique STRs predicted as causal variants under all fine-mapping settings tested. Using these results, we estimate that STRs account for 5.2-7.6% of causal variants identifiable from GWAS signals for these traits. Our high confidence STR-trait associations implicate STRs in some of the strongest hits for multiple phenotypes, including a CTG repeat in APOB associated with circulating apolipoprotein B levels, a CGG repeat in the promoter of CBL associated with multiple platelet traits and a poly-A repeat in TAOK1 associated with mean platelet volume. Replication analyses in additional population groups and orthogonal expression data further support the role of a subset of the candidate STRs we identify. Together, our study suggests that polymorphic tandem repeats make widespread contributions to complex traits, provides a set of stringently selected candidate causal STRs, and demonstrates the need to routinely consider a more complete view of human genetic variation in GWAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Margoliash, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massarat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.01.502370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polymorphic short tandem repeats make widespread contributions to blood and serum traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular formula discovery via bottom-up MS/MS interrogation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A substantial fraction of metabolic features remains undetermined in mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics. Here we present bottom-up tandem MS (MS/MS) interrogation to illuminate the unidentified features via accurate molecular formula annotation. Our approach prioritizes MS/MS-explainable formula candidates, implements machine-learned ranking, and offers false discovery rate estimation. Compared to the existing MS1-initiated formula annotation, our approach shrinks the formula candidate space by 42.8% on average. The superior annotation accuracy of our bottom-up interrogation was demonstrated on reference MS/MS libraries and real metabolomics datasets. Applied on 155,321 annotated recurrent unidentified spectra (ARUS), our approach confidently annotated >5,000 novel molecular formulae unarchived in chemical databases. Beyond the level of individual metabolic features, we combined bottom-up MS/MS interrogation with global peak annotation. This approach reveals peak interrelationships, allowing the systematic annotation of 37 fatty acid amide molecules in human fecal data, among other applications. All bioinformatics pipelines are available in a standalone software, BUDDY (https://github.com/HuanLab/BUDDY/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.502704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular formula discovery via bottom-up MS/MS interrogation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Yeast and Mammalian Epsins Use Different Determinants for Localization and Function: Role of Clathrin/AP2/Ubiquitin Binding Motifs and Poly-Glutamine Stretches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epsins are endocytic adaptor proteins involved in the internalization of important membrane proteins such as EGFR and Notch ligands. Therefore, this protein family impacts critical signaling pathways and processes such as cell migration and cytokinesis and is ultimately required for embryo development in mammals and cell viability in yeast. Intriguingly, although Epsins are conserved and display similar binding determinants, the process of endocytosis in yeast and mammals exhibit some dramatic mechanistic differences. Therefore, we wondered if the function of Epsins in these organisms are similar and are similarly regulated or they also differ. Since proper and timely localization is needed for function, we determined what elements target Epsins to endocytic sites in yeast vs mammals. Specifically, using a systematic/combinatorial mutagenesis approach we produced a collection of yeast and human Epsin mutated variants that was tested for localization at endocytic sites and for function.

Our results showed that the intrinsically disordered carboxy-terminus holds the major determinants (involved in binding of ubiquitin, AP2, clathrin and EH domain-containing proteins) for proper intracellular localization of different Epsin paralogs and homologs in yeast and mammals, while also having a major impact on function. Importantly, we established hierarchies of carboxy-terminal binding determinants for sustaining Epsin localization which turned to be different for human vs. yeast cells; favoring clathrin and AP2 binding in the former and recognition of cargo and EH domain-containing proteins for the latter. Further, we found evidence in both systems that yeast Epsins also use for localization regions of the protein that were until now of unknown functional relevance, i.e., glutamine-rich sequences. Interestingly, some molecular determinants within the Epsin molecule seem to have functional importance beyond its contribution to localization to endocytic sites. Based on these findings, we propose working models for Epsin function and recruitment to membranes/endocytic sites at different maturation stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madhivanan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staiger, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Yeast and Mammalian Epsins Use Different Determinants for Localization and Function: Role of Clathrin/AP2/Ubiquitin Binding Motifs and Poly-Glutamine Stretches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Nested Hierarchy of Overt, Mouthed, and Imagined Speech Activity Evident in Intracranial Recordings 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have demonstrated that it is possible to decode and synthesize various aspects of acoustic speech directly from intracranial measurements of electrophysiological brain activity. In order to continue progressing toward the development of a practical speech neuroprosthesis for the individuals with speech impairments, better understanding and modeling of imagined speech processes are required. The present study uses intracranial brain recordings from participants that performed a speaking task with trials consisting of overt, mouthed, and imagined speech, representing various degrees of decreasing behavioral output. Speech activity detection models are constructed using spatial, spectral, and temporal brain activity features, and the features and model performances are characterized and compared across the three degrees of behavioral output. The results indicate there is a hierarchy in which the relevant channels for the lower behavioral output modes form nested subsets of the relevant channels from the higher behavioral output modes. This provides important insights for the elusive goal of developing more effective imagined speech decoding models with respect to the better-established overt speech decoding counterparts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soroush, P. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krusienski, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Nested Hierarchy of Overt, Mouthed, and Imagined Speech Activity Evident in Intracranial Recordings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Depletion of Plasma Membrane PI4P by ORP5 Requires Hydrolysis by SAC1 in Acceptor Membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The authors have withdrawn their manuscript because the central conclusion is incorrect. We discovered this while revising the paper after peer review. In the original submission, we described ectopic targeting of the PI4P transfer protein, ORP5. We reported that when combined with orthogonal targeting of SAC1 to the mitochondrial outer membrane, ORP5 facilitates depletion of PM PI4P when targeted to PM-mitochondria contact sites. New experiments revealed that orthogonal targeting of SAC1 to the mitochondria alone is sufficient to deplete PM PI4P; ORP5 is not required. Thus, although the data reported in the manuscript are valid and reproducible, the conclusion was incorrect. We are currently performing additional experiments to better characterize and understand the effects of mitochondrially-targeted SAC1 on PM pools of PI4P. We will post a new manuscript detailing these findings on bioRXiv, which will be submitted for peer review at the original journal as a revision. In the meantime, we are withdrawing the preprint so as not to mislead the field with the erroneous conclusion. We sincerely apologize to anyone whose work was misdirected by our honest mistake. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project in its present form. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doyle, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timple, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Depletion of Plasma Membrane PI4P by ORP5 Requires Hydrolysis by SAC1 in Acceptor Membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.502991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SnapHiC-D: a computational pipeline to identify differential chromatin contacts from single cell Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.502991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell Hi-C (scHi-C) has been used to map genome organization in complex tissues. However, computational tools to detect dynamic chromatin contacts from scHi-C datasets in development and through disease pathogenesis are still lacking. Here, we present SnapHiC-D, a computational pipeline to identify differential chromatin contacts (DCCs) between two scHi-C datasets. Compared to methods designed for bulk Hi-C data, SnapHiC-D detects DCCs with high sensitivity and accuracy. We used SnapHiC-D to identify celltype-specific chromatin contacts at 10 kilobase resolution in mouse hippocampal and human prefrontal cortical tissues, and demonstrated that DCCs detected in the cortical and hippocampal cell types are generally correlated with cell-type-specific gene expression patterns and epigenomic features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.05.502991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SnapHiC-D: a computational pipeline to identify differential chromatin contacts from single cell Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.503002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Live imaging of echinoderm embryos to illuminate evo-devo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.503002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Echinoderm embryos have been model systems for cell and developmental biology for over 150 years, in good part because of their optical clarity. Discoveries that shaped our understanding of fertilization, cell division and cell differentiation were only possible because of the transparency of sea urchin eggs and embryos, which allowed direct observations of intracellular structures. More recently, live imaging of sea urchin embryos, coupled with fluorescence microscopy, has proven pivotal to uncovering mechanisms of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cell migration and gastrulation. However, live imaging has mainly been performed on sea urchin embryos, while echinoderms include numerous experimentally tractable species that present interesting variation in key aspects of morphogenesis, including differences in embryo compaction and mechanisms of blastula formation. The study of such variation would allow us not only to understand how tissues are formed in echinoderms, but also to identify which changes in cell shape, cell-matrix and cell-cell contact formation are more likely to result in evolution of new embryonic shapes.

Here we argue that adapting live imaging techniques to more echinoderm species will be fundamental to exploit such an evolutionary approach to the study of morphogenesis, as it will allow measuring differences in dynamic cellular behaviors - such as changes in cell shape and cell adhesion - between species. We briefly review existing methods for live imaging of echinoderm embryos and describe in detail how we adapted those methods to allow long-term live imaging of several species, namely the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus and the sea stars Patiria miniata and Patiriella regularis. We outline procedures to successfully label, mount and image early embryos for 10-16 hours, from cleavage stages to early blastula. We show that data obtained with these methods allows 3D segmentation and tracking of individual cells over time, the first step to analyze how cell shape and cell contact differ among species.

The methods presented here can be easily adopted by most cell and developmental biology laboratories and adapted to successfully image early embryos of additional species, therefore broadening our understanding of the evolution of morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barone, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.05.503002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Live imaging of echinoderm embryos to illuminate evo-devo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.06.503000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Universal Language for Finding Mass Spectrometry Data Patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.06.503000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Even though raw mass spectrometry data is information rich, the vast majority of the data is underutilized. The ability to interrogate these rich datasets is handicapped by the limited capability and flexibility of existing software. We introduce the Mass Spec Query Language (MassQL) that addresses these issues by enabling an expressive set of mass spectrometry patterns to be queried directly from raw data. MassQL is an open-source mass spectrometry query language for flexible and mass spectrometer manufacturer-independent mining of MS data. We envision the flexibility, scalability, and ease of use of MassQL will empower the mass spectrometry community to take fuller advantage of their mass spectrometry data and accelerate discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelan, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, M. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauermeister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudreau, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chagas, F. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clevenger, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correia, M. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crandall, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crusemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damiani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiehn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Globisch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, P. W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuckeroth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakhkhorov, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kersten, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirk, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohlbacher, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontou, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lizama-Chamu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luu, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luzzatto Knaan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marty, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.06.503000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Universal Language for Finding Mass Spectrometry Data Patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.07.503099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to clinical protease inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.07.503099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vaccines and drugs have helped reduce disease severity and blunt the spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, ongoing virus transmission, continuous evolution, and increasing selective pressures have the potential to yield viral variants capable of resisting these interventions. Here, we investigate the susceptibility of natural variants of the main protease (Mpro/3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 to protease inhibitors. Multiple single amino acid changes in Mpro confer resistance to nirmatrelvir (the active component of Paxlovid). An additional clinical-stage inhibitor, ensitrelvir (Xocova), shows a different resistance mutation profile. Importantly, phylogenetic analyses indicate that several of these resistant variants have pre-existed the introduction of these drugs into the human population and are capable of spreading. These results encourage the monitoring of resistance variants and the development of additional protease inhibitors and other antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action and resistance profiles for combinatorial therapy.

One Sentence SummaryResistance to protease inhibitor drugs, nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) and ensitrelvir (Xocova), exists in SARS-CoV-2 variants in the human population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moghadasi, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heilmann, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraes, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Laer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.07.503099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to clinical protease inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.503865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Association Study Finds Multiple Loci Associated with Intraocular Pressure in HS Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.503865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Increased IOP is a major risk factor for most types of glaucoma, including primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Investigating the genetic basis of IOP may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of POAG. The goal of this study was to identify genetic loci involved in regulating IOP using outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. HS rats are a multigenerational outbred population derived from eight inbred strains that have been fully sequenced. This population is ideal for genome-wide association studies (GWASs) owing to the accumulated recombinations among well-defined haplotypes, the relatively high allele frequencies, the accessibility to a large collection of tissue samples, and the large allelic effect size compared to human studies. Both male and female HS rats (N=1,812) were used in the study. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to obtain ~3.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from each individual. SNP heritability for IOP in HS rats was 0.32, which agrees with other studies. We performed a GWAS for the IOP phenotype using a linear mixed model and used permutation to determine a genome-wide significance threshold. We identified three genome-wide significant loci for IOP on chromosomes 1, 5, and 16. Next, we sequenced the mRNA of 51 whole eye samples to find cis-eQTLs to aid in identification of candidate genes. We report 5 candidate genes within those loci: Tyr, Ctsc, Plekhf2, Ndufaf6 and Angpt2. Tyr, Ndufaf6 and Angpt2 genes have been previously implicated by human GWAS of IOP-related conditions. Ctsc and Plekhf2 genes represent novel findings that may provide new insight into the molecular basis of IOP. This study highlights the efficacy of HS rats for investigating the genetics of elevated IOP and identifying potential candidate genes for future functional testing.

Contribution to the field statementGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only known modifiable risk factor. This study describes results of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed in outbred rats that identifies known and novel genes involved in IOP regulation. To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS performed for IOP in a rat model. Identifying novel candidate genes in the rat model provides insight into the risk factors for glaucoma in humans and potential pharmacological targets for regulating IOP. The rat model is advantageous for studying natural variations in IOP, controlling environmental exposures, and providing easier access to tissue that can be used in phenotyping and gene expression in future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fowler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St.Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jablonski, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.16.503865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Association Study Finds Multiple Loci Associated with Intraocular Pressure in HS Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MitoTNT: Mitochondrial Temporal Network Tracking for 4D live-cell fluorescence microscopy data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria form a network in the cell that rapidly changes through fission, fusion, and motility. This four-dimensional (4D, x,y,z,time) temporal network has only recently been made accessible through advanced imaging methods such as lattice light-sheet microscopy. Quantitative analysis tools for the resulting datasets however have been lacking. Here we present MitoTNT, the first-in-class software for Mitochondrial Temporal Network Tracking in 4D live-cell fluorescence microscopy data. MitoTNT uses spatial proximity and network topology to compute an optimal tracking. Tracking is >90% accurate in dynamic spatial mitochondria simulations and are in agreement with published motility results in vitro. Using MitoTNT, we reveal correlated mitochondrial movement patterns, local fission and fusion fingerprints, asymmetric fission and fusion dynamics, cross-network transport patterns, and network-level responses to pharmacological manipulations. MitoTNT is implemented in python with a JupyterLab interface. The extendable and user-friendly design aims at making temporal network tracking accessible to the wider mitochondria community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natekar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tea, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakozaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.16.504049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MitoTNT: Mitochondrial Temporal Network Tracking for 4D live-cell fluorescence microscopy data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.502974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-associated Transcriptional Alterations in the Retinal of Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.502974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current approaches for studying pathologic changes in the retina associated with Alzheimers Disease (AD) remain heterogeneous, limiting the use of retinal amyloid-beta as a viable biomarker for AD. Transcriptomic profiling of the retina has provided cell-specific insight into AD progression in the brain yet is lacking in the retina. In this study, we implemented a non-biased approach through next generation sequencing to profile frozen archived retinal tissues from autopsy/pathologically confirmed AD and non-diagnosed cases (NonAD). A total of 37,211 nuclei were isolated from frozen retinal tissue punches originating from AD, and 31,326 were isolated from non-diagnosed cases. Gene expression patterns specific to the retinal region and major retinal cell types were represented in both tissue groups. AD-associated genes were differentially expressed in AD retinal glial cells, including microglia. A greater percentage of microglial nuclei from AD retinal nuclei expressed TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein (TYROBP) compared to nonAD retinal nuclei. However, compared to microglia from single retinal cell datasets from elderly non-diseased individuals, TYROBP expression is highly expressed in the single cell data set, indicating TYROBP transcripts reside within the cytoplasm. However, other AD-associated genes were differentially expressed in AD nuclei such as DOCK2, PICALM, and PLCG2 compared to non-diseased single-cell microglia, implicating a role of these genes in the AD retina. To summarize, we extracted a high number of nuclei from frozen retinal tissue that retain specific gene markers for cell classification and highlighted candidate AD-associated genes in retinal microglia that may be viable in future AD retinal studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngolab, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korouri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.18.502974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-associated Transcriptional Alterations in the Retinal of Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient meta-analysis of multivariate genome-wide association studies with Meta-MOSTest 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.18.504383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in identifying genetic variants associated with a particular phenotype. However, many complex phenotypes are influenced by multiple genetic variants with small effects. Detecting the genetic pleiotropy can provide insights into biological mechanisms influencing complex human phenotypes. The recently developed Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest) has proven to be efficient and powerful, suited for complex large-scale data. The method substantially increased discovery of genetic variants associated with brain MRI phenotypes in the UK Biobank compared to conventionally use multivariate approach. Here we extend the MOSTest to meta-analysis (Meta-MOSTest), facilitating data analysis of multiple phenotypes across multiple cohorts. We evaluated our updated approach in the UK Biobank using brain MRI phenotypes, by comparing the discovery yield of the single-cohort MOSTest versus Meta-MOSTest through simulating sub-cohorts of different sample sizes from 265 to 26501 subjects.

ResultsOur method works efficiently on large-scale cohorts with a large number of MRI phenotypes. We found that lower per-cohort sample sizes resulted in a reduced discovery yield indicating a loss of statistical power. However, with a minimum sample size of 250 subjects across cohorts, Meta-MOSTest was equivalent to MOSTest on discovery yield while maintaining a well-calibrated type I error and equivalent statistical power. We conclude that Meta-MOSTest is a useful tool for multivariate analysis across separate brain imaging genetics cohorts.

Availability and implementationAll codes are freely available on GitHub: MOSTest and Meta-MOSTest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>shadrin, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hindley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonderby, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahrami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S OConnell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B Smeland, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.18.504383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient meta-analysis of multivariate genome-wide association studies with Meta-MOSTest]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504399v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CD103-XCR1 axis mediates the recruitment of immunoregulatory dendritic cells after traumatic injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504399v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During wounding and material implantation there is a disturbance in tissue homeostasis and release of self-antigen, and regulation between tolerance and auto-inflammation in injury is not well understood. Here, we analyzed antigen-presenting cells in biomaterial-treated muscle injury and found that pro-regenerative materials enrich Batf3-dependent CD103+XCR1+CD301b+ dendritic cells associated with cross-presentation and self-tolerance. Muscle trauma was accompanied by CD8+ iTregs and expansion of CD103+XCR1+CD62L- adaptive immune cells. Up-regulation of E-Cadherin (the ligand for CD103) and XCL-1 in injured tissue suggests a mechanism for cell recruitment to trauma. Without cross-presenting cells T cell activation increases, pro-regenerative macrophage polarization decreases, and muscle healing is impaired. These data describe a regulatory communication network through CD103+XCR1+ immune cells resulting in downstream effects on tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lokwani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeStefano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adusei, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhuiyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josyula, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faust, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karkanitsa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fathi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504399</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CD103-XCR1 axis mediates the recruitment of immunoregulatory dendritic cells after traumatic injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.21.504657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic and transcriptional profiling stratifies VQ myeloma lines into two clusters with distinct risk signatures and drug responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.21.504657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary sites. We previously characterized a VQ model for human high-risk MM. Different VQ lines display distinct disease phenotypes and survivals, suggesting significant intra-model variation. Here, we use whole exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis coupled with RNA-Seq to stratify VQ lines into corresponding clusters: Cluster I VQ cells carried recurrent amplification of chromosome (chr) 3 and displayed upregulation of growth pathways and high-risk myeloma gene signatures, whereas Cluster II cells had monosomy chr5 and overexpressed genes and pathways associated with positive response to bortezomib (Btz) treatment in human MM patients. Consistently, in sharp contrast to Cluster II VQ cells that showed short-term response to Btz, Cluster I VQ cells were de novo resistant to Btz in vivo. Our study highlights Cluster I VQ lines as highly representative of human high-risk MM subset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flietner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajagopalan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasho, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patnaik, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callander, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asimakopoulos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.21.504657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic and transcriptional profiling stratifies VQ myeloma lines into two clusters with distinct risk signatures and drug responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effective Matrix Designs for COVID-19 Group Testing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGrouping samples with low prevalence of positives into pools and testing these pools can achieve considerable savings in testing resources compared with individual testing in the context of COVID-19. We review published pooling matrices, which encode the assignment of samples into pools and describe decoding algorithms, which decode individual samples from pools. Based on the findings we propose new one-round pooling designs with high compression that can efficiently be decoded by combinatorial algorithms. This expands the admissible parameter space for the construction of pooling matrices compared to current methods.

ResultsBy arranging samples in a grid and using polynomials to construct pools, we develop direct formulas for an Algorithm (Polynomial Pools (PP)) to generate assignments of samples into pools. Designs from PP guarantee to correctly decode all samples with up to a specified number of positive samples. PP includes recent combinatorial methods for COVID-19, and enables new constructions that can result in more effective designs.

ConclusionFor low prevalences of COVID-19, group tests can save resources when compared to individual testing. Constructions from the recent literature on combinatorial methods have gaps with respect to the designs that are available. We develop a method (PP), which generalizes previous constructions and enables new designs that can be advantageous in various situations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brust, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brust, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effective Matrix Designs for COVID-19 Group Testing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combined loss of obscurin and obscurin-like 1 in murine hearts results in impaired diastolic dysfunction, altered metabolism and deregulated mitophagy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle proteins of the obscurin protein family play important roles in sarcomere organization, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and T-tubule architecture and function. However, their precise molecular functions and redundancies between protein family members as well as their involvement in cardiac diseases remain to be fully understood.

To investigate the functional roles of obscurin and its close homologue obscurin-like 1 (Obsl1) in the heart, we generated and analyzed knockout mice for obscurin, Obsl1, as well as obscurin/Obsl1 double-knockouts (dKO). We show that dKO mice are viable but show postnatal deficits in cardiac muscle SR and mitochondrial architecture and function at the microscopic, biochemical and cellular level. Altered SR structure resulted in perturbed calcium cycling, while mitochondrial ultrastructure deficits were linked to decreased levels of Chchd3, a Micos complex protein. Hearts of dKO mice also show increased expression of Atg4d, a novel Obsl1 interacting protein, resulting in abnormal mitophagy and increased unfolded protein response. At the physiological level, loss of obscurin and Obsl1 resulted in a profound delay of cardiac relaxation, associated with metabolic signs of heart failure.

Taken together, our data suggest that obscurin and Obsl1 play crucial roles in cardiac SR structure, calcium cycling, mitochondrial function, turnover and metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fujita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmond, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blondelle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajan, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esteve, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrocco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalton, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgeson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.24.505098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combined loss of obscurin and obscurin-like 1 in murine hearts results in impaired diastolic dysfunction, altered metabolism and deregulated mitophagy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inaccurate fossil placement does not compromise tip-dated divergence times 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time-scaled phylogenies underpin the interrogation of evolutionary processes across deep timescales, as well as attempts to link these to Earths history. By inferring the placement of fossils and using their ages as temporal constraints, tip dating under the fossilised-birth death (FBD) process provides a coherent prior on divergence times. At the same time, it also links topological and temporal accuracy, as incorrectly placed fossil terminals should misinform divergence times. This could pose serious issues for obtaining accurate node ages, yet the interaction between topological and temporal error has not been thoroughly explored. We simulate phylogenies and associated morphological datasets using methodologies that incorporate evolution under selection, and are benchmarked against empirical datasets. We find that datasets of moderate sizes (300 characters) and realistic levels of missing data generally succeed in inferring the correct placement of fossils on a constrained extant backbone topology, and that true node ages are usually contained within Bayesian posterior distributions. While increased fossil sampling improves the accuracy of inferred ages, topological and temporal errors do not seem to be linked: analyses in which fossils resolve less accurately do not exhibit elevated errors in node age estimates. At the same time, divergence times are systematically biased, a pattern that stems from a mismatch between the FBD prior and the shape of our simulated trees. While these results are encouraging, suggesting even fossils with uncertain affinities can provide useful temporal information, they also emphasise that paleontological information cannot overturn discrepancies between model priors and the true diversification history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garwood, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parry, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inaccurate fossil placement does not compromise tip-dated divergence times]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505464v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional and LTP-Dependent Variation of Synaptic Information Storage Capacity in Rat Hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.29.505464v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Connectomics is generating an ever-increasing deluge of data, which challenges us to develop new methods for analyzing and extracting insights from these data. We introduce here a powerful method for analyzing three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM) to measure synaptic information storage capacity (SISC) and apply it to data following in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP). Connectomic researchers have focused on the pattern of connectivity between neurons. The strengths of synapses have also been studied by quantifying the sizes of synapses. Importantly, synapses from the same axon onto the same dendrite have a common history of coactivation, making them a candidate for measuring the precision of synaptic plasticity based on the similarity of their dimensions. Quantifying precision is fundamental to understanding information storage and retrieval in neural circuits. We quantify this precision with Shannon information theory, which is a more reliable estimate than prior analyses based on signal detection theory because there is no overlap between states, and outliers do not artificially bias the outcome. Spine head volumes are well correlated with other measures of synaptic weight, thus SISC can be determined by identifying the non-overlapping clusters of dendritic spine head volumes to determine the number of distinguishable synaptic weights. SISC analysis of spine head volumes in the stratum radiatum of hippocampal area CA1 revealed 24 distinguishable states (4.1 bits). In contrast, spine head volumes in the middle molecular layer of control dentate gyrus occupied only 5 distinguishable states (2 bits). Thus, synapses in different hippocampal regions had significantly different SISCs. Moreover, these were not fixed properties but increased by 30 min following induction of LTP in the dentate gyrus to occupy 10 distinguishable states (3 bits), and this increase lasted for at least 2 hours. We also observed a broader and nearly uniform distribution of spine head volumes across the increased number of states, suggesting the distribution evolved towards the theoretical upper bound of SISC following LTP. For dentate granule cells these findings show that the spine size range was broadened by the interplay among synaptic plasticity mechanisms. SISC provides a new analytical measure to probe these mechanisms in normal and diseased brains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samavat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bromer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubbard, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanka, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuwajima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendenhall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.29.505464</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional and LTP-Dependent Variation of Synaptic Information Storage Capacity in Rat Hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.30.505861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A confinable female-lethal population suppression system in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.30.505861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria is among the worlds deadliest diseases, predominantly affecting sub-Saharan Africa, and killing over half a million people annually. Controlling the principal vector, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, as well as other anophelines, is among the most effective methods to control disease spread. Here we develop an innovative genetic population suppression system termed Ifegenia (Inherited Female Elimination by Genetically Encoded Nucleases to Interrupt Alleles) in this deadly vector. In this bicomponent CRISPR-based approach, we disrupt a female-essential gene, femaleless (fle), demonstrating complete genetic sexing via heritable daughter gynecide. Moreover, we show that Ifegenia males remain reproductively viable, and can load both fle mutations and CRISPR machinery to induce fle mutations in subsequent generations, resulting in sustained population suppression. Through modeling, we demonstrate that iterative releases of non-biting Ifegenia males can act as an effective, confinable, controllable, and safe population suppression and elimination system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smidler, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez C., H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corder, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakre, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.30.505861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A confinable female-lethal population suppression system in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.505972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR Mediated Transactivation in the Human Disease Vector Aedes aegypti 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.505972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a major insect vector of multiple arboviruses, Aedes aegypti poses a significant global health and economic burden. A number of genetic engineering tools have been exploited to understand its biology with the goal of reducing its impact. For example, current tools have focused on knocking-down RNA transcripts, inducing loss-of-function mutations or expressing exogenous DNA. However, methods for transactivating endogenous genes have not been developed. To fill this void, here we developed a CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system in Ae. aegypti to transactivate target gene expression. Gene expression is activated through pairing a catalytically-inactive ( dead) Cas9 (dCas9) with a highly-active tripartite activator, VP64-p65-Rta (VPR) and synthetic guide RNA (sgRNA) complementary to a user defined target-gene promoter region. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that engineered Ae. aegypti mosquitoes harboring a binary CRISPRa system can be used to effectively overexpress two developmental genes, even-skipped (eve) and hedgehog (hh), resulting in observable morphological phenotypes. We also used this system to overexpress the positive transcriptional regulator of the Toll immune pathway known as AaRel1, which resulted in a significant suppression of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2). This system provides a versatile tool for research pathways not previously possible in Ae. aegypti, such as programmed overexpression of endogenous genes, and may lead to the development of innovative vector control tools.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benetta, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottino-Rojas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimopoulos, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.505972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR Mediated Transactivation in the Human Disease Vector Aedes aegypti]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Metabolic Sum Rule Dictates Bacterial Response to Short-Chain Fatty Acid Stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate accumulate in fermentative environments, inhibiting many types of bacteria. While it is known that cells accumulate SCFAs to high concentrations internally, the cause of SCFA toxicity is not understood. By forcing Escherichia coli cells to accumulate a variety of "useless metabolites", we establish via extensive  omic analysis a metabolic sum rule, by which the accumulation of exogenous metabolites such as acetate forces the depletion of endogenous metabolites. The latter leads to bottlenecks in biosynthesis, manifested as a simple linear relation between useless metabolite accumulation and growth reduction. Guided by quantitative models, we show that acetate-stressed cells optimize growth by partially acidifying their own cytoplasm, which reduces acetate accumulation, restoring the endogenous metabolites as allowed by the sum rule.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patsalo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhange, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinowitz, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Metabolic Sum Rule Dictates Bacterial Response to Short-Chain Fatty Acid Stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nicked tRNAs are stable reservoirs of tRNA halves in cells and biofluids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nonvesicular extracellular RNAs (nv-exRNAs) constitute the majority of the extracellular RNAome, but little is known about their stability, function and potential use as disease biomarkers. Herein, we measured the stability of several naked RNAs when incubated in human serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We identified extracellularly produced tRNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs) with half-lives of up to three hours in CSF. Contrary to widespread assumptions, these intrinsically stable small RNAs are full-length tRNAs containing broken phosphodiester bonds (i.e., nicked tRNAs). Standard molecular biology protocols, including phenol-based RNA extraction and heat, induce the artifactual denaturation of nicked tRNAs and the consequent in vitro production of tDRs. Broken bonds are roadblocks for reverse transcriptases, preventing amplification and/or sequencing of nicked tRNAs in their native state. To solve this, we performed enzymatic repair of nicked tRNAs purified under native conditions, harnessing the intrinsic activity of phage and bacterial tRNA repair systems. Enzymatic repair regenerated an RNase R-resistant tRNA-sized band in northern blot and enabled RT-PCR amplification of full-length tRNAs. We also separated nicked tRNAs from tDRs by chromatographic methods under native conditions, identifying nicked tRNAs inside stressed cells and in vesicle-depleted human biofluids. Dissociation of nicked tRNAs produces single-stranded tDRs that can be spontaneously taken up by human epithelial cells, positioning stable nv-exRNAs as potentially relevant players in intercellular communication pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Costa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li Calzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuevasanta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Witwer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cayota, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosar, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nicked tRNAs are stable reservoirs of tRNA halves in cells and biofluids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging through Windansee electrode arrays reveals a small fraction of local neurons following surface MUA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prior studies have shown that neuronal spikes can be recorded with microelectrode arrays placed on the cortical surface. However, the etiology of these spikes remains unclear. Because the top cortical layer (layer 1) contains very few neuronal cell bodies, it has been proposed that these spikes originate from neurons with cell bodies in layer 2. To address this question, we combined two-photon calcium imaging with electrophysiological recordings from the cortical surface in awake mice using chronically implanted PEDOT:PSS electrode arrays on transparent parylene C substrate.

Our electrode arrays (termed Windansee) were integrated with cortical windows offering see-through optical access while also providing measurements of local field potentials (LFP) and multiunit activity (MUA) from the cortical surface. To enable longitudinal data acquisition, we have developed a mechanical solution for installation, connectorization, and protection of Windansee devices aiming for an unhindered access for high numerical aperture microscope objectives and a lifetime of several months while worn by a mouse.

Contrary to the common notion, our measurements revealed that only a small fraction of layer 2 neurons from the sampled pool (~13%) faithfully followed MUA recorded from the surface above the imaging field-of-view. Surprised by this result, we turned to computational modeling for an alternative explanation of the MUA signal. Using realistic modeling of neurons with back-propagating dendritic properties, we computed the extracellular action potential at the cortical surface due to firing of local cortical neurons and compared the result to that due to axonal inputs to layer 1. Assuming the literature values for the cell/axon density and firing rates, our modeling results show that surface MUA due to axonal inputs is over an order of magnitude larger than that due to firing of layer 2 pyramidal neurons.

Thus, a combination of surface MUA recordings with two-photon calcium imaging can provide complementary information about the input to a cortical column and the local circuit response. Cortical layer I plays an important role in integration of a broad range of cortico-cortical, thalamocortical and neuromodulatory inputs. Therefore, detecting their activity as MUA while combining electrode recording with two-photon imaging using optically transparent surface electrode arrays would facilitate studies of the input/output relationship in cortical circuits, inform computational circuit models, and improve the accuracy of the next generation brain-machine interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thunemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kılıc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Economo, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einevoll, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging through Windansee electrode arrays reveals a small fraction of local neurons following surface MUA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.02.506420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguishing Signal from Noise: Understanding Patterns of Non-Detections to Inform Accurate Quantitative Metabarcoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.02.506420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Correcting for amplification biases in genetic metabarcoding data can yield quantitative estimates of template DNA concentrations. However, a major source of uncertainty in metabarcoding data is the presence of non-detections, where a technical PCR replicate fails to detect a species observed in other replicates. Such non-detections are an important special case of variability among technical replicates in metabarcoding data, particularly in environmental samples. While many sampling and amplification processes underlie observed variation in metabarcoding data, understanding the causes of non-detections is an important step in distinguishing signal from noise in metabarcoding studies. Here, we use both simulated and empirical data to 1) develop a qualitative understanding of how non-detections arise in metabarcoding data, 2) outline steps to recognize uninformative data in practice, and 3) identify the conditions under which amplicon sequence data can reliably detect underlying biological signals. We show in both simulations and empirical data that, for a given species, the rate of non-detections among technical replicates is a function of both the template DNA concentration and species-specific amplification efficiency. Consequently, we conclude metabarcoding datasets are strongly affected by (1) deterministic amplification biases during PCR and (2) stochastic sampling of amplicons during sequencing -- both of which we can model -- but also by (3) stochastic sampling of rare molecules prior to PCR, which remains a frontier for quantitative metabarcoding. Our results highlight the importance of estimating species-specific amplification efficiencies and critically evaluating patterns of non-detection in metabarcoding datasets to better distinguish environmental signal from the noise inherent in molecular detections of rare targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gold, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelton, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casendino, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duprey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Cise, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Agnese, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andruszkiewicz Allan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramon-Laca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garber-Yonts, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labare, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.02.506420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguishing Signal from Noise: Understanding Patterns of Non-Detections to Inform Accurate Quantitative Metabarcoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic tethering enables en masse inheritance of a shattered micronuclear chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromothripsis, the shattering and imperfect reassembly of one (or a few) chromosome(s)1, is an ubiquitous2 mutational process generating localized complex chromosomal rearrangements that drive genome evolution in cancer. Chromothripsis can be initiated by missegregation errors in mitosis3,4 or DNA metabolism5-7 that lead to entrapment of chromosomes within micronuclei and their subsequent fragmentation in the next interphase or upon mitotic entry6,8-10. Here, we use inducible degrons to demonstrate that chromothriptically produced pieces of a micronucleated chromosome are tethered together in mitosis by a protein complex consisting of Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), DNA Topoisomerase II Binding Protein 1 (TOPBP1), and Cellular Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), thereby enabling en masse segregation to the same daughter cell. Such tethering is shown to be crucial for the viability of cells undergoing chromosome missegregation and shattering after transient inactivation of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Pan-cancer analysis of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data revealed that chromothriptic genome rearrangements were accompanied by elevated expression of MDC1, TOPBP1, and CIP2A. Thus, chromatin-bound tethers maintain proximity of fragments of a shattered chromosome enabling their re-encapsulation into, and religation within, a daughter cell nucleus to form heritable, chromothriptically rearranged chromosomes found in the majority of human cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic tethering enables en masse inheritance of a shattered micronuclear chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust control of replication initiation in the absence of DnaA-ATP {leftrightharpoons} DnaA-ADP regulatory elements in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigating a long-standing conceptual question in bacterial physiology, we examine why DnaA, the bacterial master replication initiator protein, exists in both ATP and ADP forms, despite only the ATP form being essential for initiation. We engineered the {Delta}4 Escherichia coli strain, devoid of all known external elements facilitating the DnaA-ATP/ADP conversion, and found that these cells display nearly wild-type behaviors under non-overlapping replication cycles. However, during rapid growth with overlapping cycles, {Delta}4 cells exhibit initiation instability. This aligns with our model predictions, suggesting that the intrinsic ATPase activity of DnaA alone is sufficient for robust initiation control in E. coli and the DnaA-ATP/ADP conversion regulatory elements extend the robustness to multifork replication, indicating an evolutionary adaptation. Moreover, our experiments revealed constant DnaA concentrations during steady-state cell elongation in both wild-type and {Delta}4 cells. These insights not only advance our understanding of bacterial cell-cycle regulation and DnaA, but also highlight a fundamental divergence from eukaryotic cell-cycle controls, emphasizing protein copy-number sensing in bacteria versus programmed protein concentration oscillations in eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charbon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobner-Olesen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust control of replication initiation in the absence of DnaA-ATP {leftrightharpoons} DnaA-ADP regulatory elements in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential gene expression and mitonuclear incompatibilities in fast- and slow-developing inter-population Tigriopus californicus hybrids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial functions are intimately reliant on proteins and RNAs encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, leading to inter-genomic coevolution within taxa. Hybridization can break apart coevolved mitonuclear genotypes, resulting in decreased mitochondrial performance and reduced fitness. This hybrid breakdown is an important component of outbreeding depression and early-stage reproductive isolation.

However, the mechanisms contributing to mitonuclear interactions remain poorly resolved. Here we scored variation in developmental rate (a proxy for fitness) among reciprocal F2 inter-population hybrids of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus, and used RNA sequencing to assess differences in gene expression between fast- and slow-developing hybrids. In total, differences in expression associated with developmental rate were detected for 2,925 genes, whereas only 135 genes were differentially expressed as a result of differences in mitochondrial genotype. Up-regulated expression in fast developers was enriched for genes involved in chitin-based cuticle development, oxidation-reduction processes, hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. In contrast, up-regulation in slow developers was enriched for DNA replication, cell division, DNA damage and DNA repair. Eighty-four nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were differentially expressed between fast- and slow-developing copepods, including twelve subunits of the electron transport system (ETS) which all had higher expression in fast developers than in slow developers. Nine of these genes were subunits of ETS complex I. Our results emphasize the major roles that mitonuclear interactions within the ETS, particularly in complex I, play in hybrid breakdown, and resolve strong candidate genes for involvement in mitonuclear interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Healy, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential gene expression and mitonuclear incompatibilities in fast- and slow-developing inter-population Tigriopus californicus hybrids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GLKs directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis via interacting with GBFs in nuclear condensates in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carotenoids are vital photosynthetic pigments for plants and provide essential nutrients for humans. However, our knowledge of the regulatory control of carotenoid biosynthesis remains limited. Golden2-like transcription factors (GLKs) are widely recognized as essential and conserved factors for chloroplast development and the major regulators of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Yet the molecular mechanisms by which GLKs transcriptionally activate their target genes are unclear. Here, we report that GLKs directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis in a G-box Binding Factor (GBF)-dependent manner. Both in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that GLKs physically interact with GBFs. Through the direct binding of GBFs to the G-box motif, the GLK-GBF regulatory module transcriptionally activates phytoene synthase (PSY), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for carotenoid biosynthesis. The ability of GLKs to promote carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis is greatly diminished in the Arabidopsis gbf1/2/3 triple knockout mutants, showing the requirement of GBFs for GLK function. GLKs and GBFs form liquid-liquid phase separation-mediated nuclear condensates as the compartmented and concentrated transcriptional complexes. Our findings uncover a novel and conserved regulatory module for photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis through formation of GLK-GBF transcriptional complexes and nuclear biomolecular condensates in plants.

One-sentence summaryGLKs transcriptionally regulate photosynthetic pigment synthesis in a GBF-dependent manner and are associated with the formation of phase separation-mediated nuclear condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazourek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovannoni, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GLKs directly regulate carotenoid biosynthesis via interacting with GBFs in nuclear condensates in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.10.507343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Postsynaptic receptors regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.10.507343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stable matching of neurotransmitters with their receptors is fundamental to synapse function, to achieve reliable and robust communication in neural circuits. Presynaptic neurotransmitters regulate selection of postsynaptic transmitter receptors. However, whether postsynaptic receptors regulate selection of presynaptic transmitters is unknown. Here we show that blockade of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction leads to loss of the cholinergic phenotype in motor neurons and stabilization of an earlier, developmentally transient glutamatergic phenotype. Exogenous postsynaptic expression of GABAA receptors leads to the stabilization of an earlier, developmentally transient GABAergic motor neuron phenotype. Both acetylcholine receptors and GABA receptors are linked to presynaptic neurons through trans-synaptic bridges. Knock-down of different components of these trans-synaptic bridges prevents stabilization of the cholinergic and GABAergic phenotypes. We conclude that this bidirectional communication enforces a match between transmitter and receptor and ensures the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Our findings suggest a role of dysfunctional transmitter receptors in neurological disorders that involve the loss of the presynaptic transmitter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godavarthi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiramoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignatyev, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czajkowski, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borodinsky, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cline, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitzer, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.10.507343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Postsynaptic receptors regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ensemble of interconverting conformations of the elemental paused transcription complex creates regulatory options 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.11.507475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional pausing underpins regulation of cellular RNA synthesis but its mechanism remains incompletely understood. Sequence-specific interactions of DNA and RNA with the dynamic, multidomain RNA polymerase (RNAP) trigger reversible conformational changes at pause sites that temporarily interrupt the nucleotide addition cycle. These interactions initially rearrange the elongation complex (EC) into an elemental paused EC (ePEC). ePECs can form longer-lived PECs by further rearrangements or interactions of diffusible regulators. For both bacterial and mammalian RNAPs, a half-translocated state in which the next DNA template base fails to load into the active site appears central to the ePEC. Some RNAPs also swivel interconnected modules that may stabilize the ePEC. However, it is unclear if swiveling and half-translocation are requisite features of a single ePEC state or if multiple ePEC states exist. Here we use cryo-EM analysis of ePECs with different RNA-DNA sequences combined with biochemical probes of ePEC structure to define an interconverting ensemble of ePEC states. ePECs occupy either pre- or half-translocated states but do not always swivel, indicating that difficulty in forming the post-translocated state at certain RNA-DNA sequences may be the essence of the ePEC. The existence of multiple ePEC conformations has broad implications for transcriptional regulation.

SIGNIFICANCETranscriptional pausing provides a hub for gene regulation. Pausing provides a timing mechanism to coordinate regulatory interactions, co-transcriptional RNA folding and protein synthesis, and stop signals for transcriptional termination. Cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) are complex, with multiple mobile modules shifting positions to control its catalytic activity and pause RNAP in response to DNA-encoded pause signals. Understanding how these modules move to enable pausing is crucial for a mechanistic understanding of gene regulation. Our results clarify the picture significantly by defining multiple states among which paused RNAP partitions in response to different pause signals. This work contributes to an emerging theme wherein multiple interconverting states of the RNAP proceed through a pathway (e.g., initiation or pausing), providing multiple opportunities for regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishanina, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llewellyn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darst, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.11.507475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ensemble of interconverting conformations of the elemental paused transcription complex creates regulatory options]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.507611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-Modal Representation of Identity in Primate Hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.507611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faces and voices are the dominant social signals used to recognize individuals amongst human and nonhuman primates (1-4). Yet it is not known how these critical signals are integrated into a cross-modal representation of individual identity in the primate brain. Here we show that while, like humans (5-7), single neurons in the marmoset hippocampus exhibit selective responses when presented with the face or voice of a specific individual conspecific, a parallel mechanism for representing the cross-modal identities for multiple individuals is evident within single neurons and at a population level. Manifold projections likewise showed separability of individuals, as well as clustering for others families, suggesting that multiple learned social categories are encoded as related dimensions of identity in hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that neural representations of identity in hippocampus are both modality-independent and reflect the hierarchical structure of the primate social network.

One-Sentence SummaryWe show that cross-modal representations of identity in primate hippocampus can be achieved by at least two distinct neural mechanisms and comprise multiple social categories that reflect different relationships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tyree, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.12.507611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-Modal Representation of Identity in Primate Hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in inter-population hybrids of Tigriopus californicus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coevolved interactions between mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded genes within populations can be disrupted by inter-population hybridization resulting in reduced hybrid fitness. This hybrid breakdown may be an important factor contributing to reproductive isolation between populations or species, and strong selection among hybrids to maintain compatible mitonuclear genotypes occurs in at least some species. Despite potentially differential consequences of mitonuclear incompatibilities in females and males due to maternal inheritance of the mitochondrial genome, the extent to which phenotypic variation associated with hybrid breakdown is sex-specific and heritable remains unresolved. Here we present two experiments investigating variation in developmental rate among reciprocal inter-population hybrids of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Developmental rate is a proxy for fitness in this species that is substantially influenced by variation in mitonuclear compatibility among hybrids. First, we show that F2 hybrid developmental rate is the same in females and males, suggesting that effects of mitonuclear incompatibilities on this trait are likely experienced equally by the two sexes. Second, we demonstrate that variation in developmental rate among F3 hybrids is heritable; times to copepodid metamorphosis of F4 offspring of fast-developing F3 parents (12.25 {+/-} 0.05 d,  {+/-} SEM) were significantly faster than those of F4 offspring of slow-developing parents (14.58 {+/-} 0.05 d). Taken together, these results provide evidence for strong effects of mitonuclear interactions across generations of hybrid eukaryotes with no differences between the sexes, and support key roles of mitonuclear incompatibility in hybrid breakdown and reproductive isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Healy, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hargadon, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in inter-population hybrids of Tigriopus californicus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APP family member dimeric complexes are formed predominantly in synaptic compartments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimes disease (AD), is part of a larger gene family, including the APP like proteins APLP1 and APLP2. They share similar structures, form homo- and heterotypic dimers and exhibit overlapping functions. We investigated complex formation of the APP family members via two inducible dimerization systems, the FKBP-rapamycin based dimerization as well as cysteine induced dimerization, combined with coimmunoprecipitations and Blue Native (BN) gel analyses. Within the APP family, APLP1 shows the highest degree of dimerization and high molecular weight (HMW) complex formation. Interestingly, about 20% of APP is dimerized in cultured cells while about 50% of APP is dimerized in mouse brains, independent of age and splice forms. Furthermore, we could show that dimerized APP originates mostly from neurons and is enriched in synaptosomes. Finally, BN gel analysis of human cortex samples shows a significant decrease of APP dimers in AD patients compared to controls, suggesting that loss of dimers of full-length APP might correlate with loss of synapses in the process of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schilling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>August, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meleux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conradt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremmel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teigler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APP family member dimeric complexes are formed predominantly in synaptic compartments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of thioredoxin-1 in the ASJ neuron corresponds with and enhances intrinsic regenerative capacity under lesion conditioning in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A conditioning lesion of the peripheral sensory axon triggers robust central axon regeneration in mammals. We trigger conditioned regeneration in the C. elegans ASJ neuron by laser surgery or genetic disruption of sensory pathways. Conditioning upregulates trx-1 expression, as indicated by trx-1 promoter-driven green fluorescent protein and fluorescence in situ hybridization, suggesting trx-1 levels and associated fluorescence indicate regenerative capacity. Redox activity of trx-1 functionally enhances conditioned regeneration, but both redox-dependent and -independent activity inhibit non-conditioned regeneration. Six strains isolated in a forward genetic screen for reduced fluorescence, which suggests diminished regenerative potential, also show reduced axon outgrowth. We demonstrate an association between trx-1 expression and the conditioned state that we leverage to rapidly assess regenerative capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grooms, N. W. F. W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulting, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urena, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of thioredoxin-1 in the ASJ neuron corresponds with and enhances intrinsic regenerative capacity under lesion conditioning in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA processing by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus alkaline exonuclease SOX contributes to viral gene expression and infectious virion production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alkaline exonucleases (AE) are present in several large DNA viruses including bacteriophage {lambda} and herpesviruses, where they play roles in viral DNA processing during genome replication. Given the genetic conservation of AEs across viruses infecting different kingdoms of life, these enzymes likely assume central roles in the lifecycles of viruses where they have yet to be well characterized. Here, we applied a structure-guided functional analysis of the bifunctional AE in the oncogenic human gammaherpesvirus Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), called SOX. In addition to identifying a preferred DNA substrate preference for SOX, we define key residues important for DNA binding and DNA processing, and how SOX activity on DNA partially overlaps with its functionally separable cleavage of mRNA. By engineering these SOX mutants into KSHV, we reveal roles for its DNase activity in viral gene expression and infectious virion production. Our results provide mechanistic insight into gammaherpesviral AE activity as well as areas of functional conservation between this mammalian virus AE and its distant relative in phage {lambda}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartenian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didychuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khosla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaunsinger, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA processing by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus alkaline exonuclease SOX contributes to viral gene expression and infectious virion production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic incompatibilities in reciprocal hybrids between populations of Tigriopus californicus with low to moderate mitochondrial sequence divergence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.19.508600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All mitochondrial-encoded proteins and RNAs function through interactions with nuclear-encoded proteins. These interactions are critical for mitochondrial function and eukaryotic fitness, and coevolution maintains inter-genomic (i.e., mitonuclear) compatibility within taxa. Hybridization can disrupt coevolved interactions, resulting in hybrid breakdown, and mitonuclear incompatibilities may be important mechanisms underlying reproductive isolation and, potentially, speciation. Recently, signatures of strong selection to maintain compatible mitonuclear genotypes in hybrids have been detected in at least some inter-population crosses. However, this work has only been conducted in crosses between populations with extremely high levels of genetic divergence in both their mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, leaving the generality of strong selection for mitonuclear compatibility unclear. Here we address this limitation with reciprocal inter-population F2 hybrids between relatively low-divergence populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Our results show that the dominance of mitonuclear effects consistent with coevolved mitonuclear genotypes in fast-developing (i.e., high-fitness) hybrids is reduced in low-divergence crosses, but that selection to maintain mitonuclear compatibility is still observed on some nuclear chromosomes. Consequently, we demonstrate that, even at low levels of genetic divergence between taxa, mitonuclear incompatibilities may play a key role in the early stages of reproductive isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Healy, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.508600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic incompatibilities in reciprocal hybrids between populations of Tigriopus californicus with low to moderate mitochondrial sequence divergence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FGF21 protects against hepatic lipotoxicity and macrophage activation to attenuate fibrogenesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analogues of the hepatokine FGF21 are in clinical development for type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. Although their glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects have been largely unraveled, the mechanisms by which they alleviate liver injury have only been scarcely addressed. Here, we aimed to unveil the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of FGF21 on NASH using APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like metabolic diseases. Liver-specific FGF21 overexpression was achieved in mice, followed by administration of a high-fat high-cholesterol diet for 23 weeks. FGF21 prevented hepatic lipotoxicity, accompanied by activation of thermogenic tissues and attenuation of adipose tissue inflammation, improvement of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and upregulation of hepatic programs involved in fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol removal. Furthermore, FGF21 inhibited hepatic inflammation, as evidenced by reduced Kupffer cell (KC) activation, diminished monocyte infiltration and lowered accumulation of monocyte-derived macrophages. Moreover, FGF21 decreased lipid- and scar-associated macrophages, which correlated with less hepatic fibrosis as demonstrated by reduced collagen accumulation. Collectively, hepatic FGF21 overexpression limits hepatic lipotoxicity, inflammation and fibrogenesis. Mechanistically, FGF21 blocks hepatic lipid influx and accumulation through combined endocrine and autocrine signaling, respectively, which prevents KC activation and lowers the presence of lipid- and scar-associated macrophages to inhibit fibrogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schönke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spoorenberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambooij, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Zande, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tushuizen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasson, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhrbom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlstedt, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallenius, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boon, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensen, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FGF21 protects against hepatic lipotoxicity and macrophage activation to attenuate fibrogenesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Affinity-matured homotypic interactions induce spectrum of PfCSP-antibody structures that influence protection from malaria infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The generation of high-quality antibody responses to PfCSP, the primary surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, is paramount to the development of an effective malaria vaccine. Here we present an in-depth structural and functional analysis of a panel of potent antibodies encoded by the IGHV3-33 germline gene, which is among the most prevalent and potent antibody families induced in the anti-CSP immune response and targets the NANP repeat region. Cryo-EM reveals a remarkable spectrum of helical Fab-CSP structures stabilized by homotypic interactions between tightly packed Fabs, many of which correlate with somatic hypermutation. We demonstrate a key role of these mutated homotypic contacts for high avidity binding to CSP and in protection from P. falciparum malaria infection. These data emphasize the importance of anti-homotypic affinity maturation in the frequent selection of IGHV3-33 antibodies, advance our understanding of the mechanism(s) of antibody-mediated protection, and inform next generation CSP vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pholcharee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Garcia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moskovitz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copps, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Paez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerling, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacGill, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zavala, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Affinity-matured homotypic interactions induce spectrum of PfCSP-antibody structures that influence protection from malaria infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically encoded tool to increase cellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.20.508785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Impaired reduction/oxidation (redox) metabolism is a key contributor to the etiology of many diseases, including primary mitochondrial disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. However, mechanistic studies of redox imbalance remain challenging due to limited strategies which can perturb cellular redox metabolism and model pathology in various cellular, tissue, or organismal backgrounds without creating additional and potentially confounding metabolic perturbations. To date, most studies involving impaired redox metabolism have focused on oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; consequently, less is known about the settings where there is an overabundance of reducing equivalents, termed reductive stress. NADH reductive stress has been modeled using pharmacologic inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC) and ethanol supplementation. Still, both these methods have significant drawbacks. Here, we introduce a soluble transhydrogenase from E. coli (EcSTH) as a novel genetically encoded tool to promote NADH overproduction in living cells. When expressed in mammalian cells, EcSTH, and a mitochondrially-targeted version (mitoEcSTH), can elevate the NADH/NAD+ ratio in a compartment-specific manner. Using this tool, we determine the metabolic and transcriptomic signatures of NADH reductive stress in mammalian cells. We also find that cellular responses to NADH reductive stress, including blunted proliferation, are dependent on cellular background and identify the metabolic reactions that sense changes in the cellular NADH/NAD+ balance. Collectively, our novel genetically encoded tool represents an orthogonal strategy to perturb redox metabolism and characterize the impact on normal physiology and disease states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heacock, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulaziz, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckerman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Violante, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cracan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.20.508785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically encoded tool to increase cellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training across tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms throughout a whole organism are incompletely understood. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome, and immunome in whole blood, plasma, and 18 solid tissues in Rattus norvegicus over 8 weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms, and 4 training time points in young adult male and female rats. We identified thousands of shared and tissue- and sex-specific molecular alterations. Temporal multi-omic and multi-tissue analyses demonstrated distinct patterns of tissue remodeling, with widespread regulation of immune, metabolism, heat shock stress response, and mitochondrial pathways. These patterns provide biological insights into the adaptive responses to endurance training over time. For example, exercise training induced heart remodeling via altered activity of the Mef2 family of transcription factors and tyrosine kinases. Translational analyses revealed changes that are consistent with human endurance training data and negatively correlated with disease, including increased phospholipids and decreased triacylglycerols in the liver. Sex differences in training adaptation were widespread, including those in the brain, adrenal gland, lung, and adipose tissue. Integrative analyses generated novel hypotheses of disease relevance, including candidate mechanisms that link training adaptation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular health, and tissue injury and recovery. The data and analysis results presented in this study will serve as valuable resources for the broader community and are provided in an easily accessible public repository (https://motrpac-data.org/).

HighlightsO_LIMulti-tissue resource identifies 35,439 analytes regulated by endurance exercise training at 5% FDR across 211 combinations of tissues and molecular platforms.
C_LIO_LIInterpretation of systemic and tissue-specific molecular adaptations produced hypotheses to help describe the health benefits induced by exercise.
C_LIO_LIRobust sex-specific responses to endurance exercise training are observed across multiple organs at the molecular level.
C_LIO_LIDeep multi-omic profiling of six tissues defines regulatory signals for tissue adaptation to endurance exercise training.
C_LIO_LIAll data are available in a public repository, and processed data, analysis results, and code to reproduce major analyses are additionally available in convenient R packages.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MoTrPAC Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean Beltran, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almagro Armenteros, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila-Pacheco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bararpour, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clish, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerszten, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodyear, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilkayeva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshishian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lira, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Many, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marwaha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan Raja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newgard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortlund, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pie</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training across tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validity of fecal sampling for characterizing temporal variation in threespine stickleback's gut microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.22.509070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse microbial communities associated with the guts of their hosts are crucial for many aspects of their hosts physiology, ecology, and evolution. The gut microbiota has been characterized for a broad range of species across the animal kingdom. Yet, for many host species we still dont have a good understanding of whether non-lethal sampling (e.g., fecal matter) can accurately capture the diversity of gut-associated bacterial communities, as estimated from lethal sampling of intestinal tissue. We further lack knowledge on whether such non-lethal sampling methods are suitable for studying temporal gut microbiota dynamics. Here, we addressed these questions in threespine stickleback fish, a model system in evolutionary ecology, by comparing bacterial communities based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing from intestinal tissue and feces. Despite some differences in community composition between the two sample types, we show that bacterial communities of feces and intestinal tissue largely overlap. Further, we were able to detect consistent and significant changes of fecal bacterial communities associated with an experimental diet shift. These results suggest that fecal sampling represents an adequate non-lethal method to characterize the gut microbiota of threespine stickleback. This allows for studying temporal gut microbiota dynamics at the individual level, which increases opportunities for future experimental gut microbiota research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Härer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennison, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.22.509070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validity of fecal sampling for characterizing temporal variation in threespine stickleback's gut microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.509066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying (non)parallelism of gut microbial community change using multivariate vector analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.23.509066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parallel evolution of phenotypic traits is regarded as strong evidence for natural selection and has been studied extensively in a variety of taxa. However, we have limited knowledge of whether parallel evolution of host organisms is accompanied by parallel changes of their associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiotas), which are crucial for their hosts ecology and evolution. Determining the extent of microbiota parallelism in nature can improve our ability to identify the factors that are associated with (putatively adaptive) shifts in microbial communities. While it has been emphasized that (non)parallel evolution is better considered as a quantitative continuum rather than a binary phenomenon, quantitative approaches have rarely been used to study microbiota parallelism. We advocate using multivariate vector analysis (i.e., phenotypic change vector analysis) to quantify direction and magnitude of microbiota changes and discuss the applicability of this approach for studying parallelism. We exemplify its use by reanalyzing gut microbiota data from multiple fish species that exhibit parallel shifts in trophic ecology. This approach provides an analytical framework for quantitative comparisons across host lineages, thereby providing the potential to advance our capacity to predict microbiota changes. Hence, we emphasize that the development and application of quantitative measures, such as multivariate vector analysis, should be further explored in microbiota research in order to better understand the role of microbiota dynamics during their hosts adaptive evolution, particularly in settings of parallel evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Härer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennison, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.23.509066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying (non)parallelism of gut microbial community change using multivariate vector analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving stem cell-derived pancreatic islets using single-cell multiome-inferred regulomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.25.509355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic islet cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for modeling and treating diabetes. Differences between stem cell-derived and primary islets remain, but molecular insights to inform improvements are limited. Here, we acquire single-cell transcriptomes and accessible chromatin profiles during in vitro islet differentiation and pancreas from childhood and adult donors for comparison. We delineate major cell types, define their regulomes, and describe spatiotemporal gene regulatory relationships between transcription factors. CDX2 emerged as a regulator of enterochromaffin-like cells, which we show resemble a transient, previously unrecognized, CDX2+ pre-{beta}-cell population in fetal pancreas, arguing against a proposed non-pancreatic origin. Furthermore, we observe insufficient activation of signal-dependent transcriptional programs during in vitro {beta}-cell maturation and identify sex hormones as drivers of {beta}-cell proliferation in childhood. Altogether, our analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of cell fate acquisition in stem cell-derived islets and a framework for manipulating cell identities and maturity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen-Ngoc, K.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goss, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powers, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spagnoli, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.25.509355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving stem cell-derived pancreatic islets using single-cell multiome-inferred regulomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reprogramming Adeno-Associated Virus Tropism Via Displayed Peptides Tiling Receptor-Ligands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are common gene therapy vectors, however, their effectiveness is hindered by poor target tissue transduction and off-target delivery. Hypothesizing that naturally occurring receptor-ligand interactions could be repurposed to engineer tropism, we fragmented all annotated protein ligands known to bind human receptors into tiling 20-mer peptides and displayed these onto the surface loops of AAV5 and AAV9 capsids at two sites. The resulting four capsid libraries, comprising >1 million AAV variants, were screened across 9 tissues in C57BL/6 mice. Tracking variant abundance, we identified >250,000 variants which packaged into capsids, and >15,000 variants which efficiently transduced at least one mouse organ. We individually validated 21 AAV variants with 74.3% of the organ tropism predictions accurately reproducing, confirming overall screen efficacy. Systematic ligand tiling enabled prediction of putative AAV-receptor interactions, which we successfully validated by targeted genetic perturbations. Comprehensive peptide tiling also enabled examination of homologous peptide activity. Interestingly, we observed functional peptides tended to be derived from specific domains on ligands. Notably, certain peptides also displayed consistent activity across mice strains, capsid insertion contexts, and capsid serotypes, including novel immune orthogonal serotypes. Further analyses of displayed peptides revealed that biophysical attributes were highly predictive of AAV variant packaging, and there was a machine learnable relationship between peptide sequence and tissue tropism. We anticipate this comprehensive ligand peptide tiling and display approach will enable engineering of tropism across diverse viral, viral-like, and non-viral delivery platforms, and shed light into basic receptor-ligand biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Portell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhardjo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainaldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bublik, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanghvi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalahasti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reprogramming Adeno-Associated Virus Tropism Via Displayed Peptides Tiling Receptor-Ligands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational spectra distinguish SARS-CoV-2 replication niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to different mutagens leaves distinct mutational patterns that can allow prediction of pathogen replication niches (Ruis 2022). We therefore hypothesised that analysis of SARS-CoV-2 mutational spectra might show lineage-specific differences, dependant on the dominant site(s) of replication and onwards transmission, and could therefore rapidly infer virulence of emergent variants of concern (VOC; Konings 2021). Through mutational spectrum analysis, we found a significant reduction in G>T mutations in Omicron, which replicates in the upper respiratory tract (URT), compared to other lineages, which replicate in both upper and lower respiratory tracts (LRT). Mutational analysis of other viruses and bacteria indicates a robust, generalisable association of high G>T mutations with replication within the LRT. Monitoring G>T mutation rates over time, we found early separation of Omicron from Beta, Gamma and Delta, while the mutational burden in Alpha varied consistent with changes in transmission source as social restrictions were lifted. This supports the use of mutational spectra to infer niches of established and emergent pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peacock, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polo, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soledad Alvarez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBroome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkhill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floto, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational spectra distinguish SARS-CoV-2 replication niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulated green turtle grazing reduces seagrass productivity and alters benthic community structure while triggering further disturbance by feeding stingrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were once abundant throughout the Caribbean, overexploitation has dramatically reduced their numbers. We conducted a 168-day simulated grazing experiment to determine how loss of this once-abundant mega-herbivore could have affected the productivity and community composition of Thalassia testudinum-dominated seagrass beds in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Simulated grazing reduced both percent cover and productivity of T. testudinum. High runoff and local pollution from industrial farming may limit light availability and reduce seagrass photosynthetic performance to replace biomass lost to simulated grazing. Other seagrass species and algae failed to colonize space opened by reductions in T. testudinum percent cover. Many plots subjected to simulated grazing were also bioturbated by stingrays. Relevance of these findings to balancing sea turtle and seagrass conservation efforts are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cannon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hynes, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wold, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altieri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulated green turtle grazing reduces seagrass productivity and alters benthic community structure while triggering further disturbance by feeding stingrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multivariate Approach to Understanding the Genetic Overlap between Externalizing Phenotypes and Substance Use Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are phenotypically and genetically correlated with each other and with other psychological traits characterized by behavioral undercontrol, termed externalizing phenotypes. In this study, we used Genomic Structural Equation Modeling to explore the shared genetic architecture among six externalizing phenotypes and four SUDs used in two previous multivariate GWAS of an externalizing and an addiction risk factor, respectively. Using a preregistered set of criteria, we first evaluated the performance of five confirmatory factor analytic models, including a common factor model, alternative parameterizations of two-factor structures, and a bifactor model. We used a combination of model fit, factor reliability, and model characteristics to adjudicate among the models. We next explored the genetic correlations between factors identified in these models and other relevant psychological traits. We found that a common factor model, in which all externalizing phenotypes and SUDs were influenced by a single dimension of genetic risk best characterized the relationships among our phenotypes. Although two two-factor models also performed well, we found that the factors in those models were very highly correlated with each other (rgS > .87) and similarly genetically correlated with external criteria, suggesting they did not represent meaningfully distinct dimensions. Results from this study can be used to inform future efforts to characterize genetic liability for broad externalizing as well as specific externalizing phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Poore, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallard, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multivariate Approach to Understanding the Genetic Overlap between Externalizing Phenotypes and Substance Use Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
kcna1a mutant zebrafish as a model of episodic ataxia type 1 and epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.28.509973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveKCNA1 mutations are associated with a rare neurological movement disorder known as episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1), with epilepsy as a common comorbidity. Current medications only provide partial relief to ataxia and/or seizures, making new drugs needed. Here, we investigate the utility of zebrafish kcna1a-/- as a model of EA1 with epilepsy by characterizing its phenotype and comparing the efficacy of the first-line therapy carbamazepine in kcna1a-/- zebrafish to Kcna1-/- rodents.

MethodsWe used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to introduce a mutation in the sixth segment of the zebrafish Kcna1 protein. Behavioral and electrophysiological assays were performed on kcna1a-/- larvae to assess ataxia- and epilepsy-related phenotypes. We also carried out real-time qPCRs to measure the transcript levels of brain hyperexcitability markers and bioenergetic profiling of kcna1a-/- larvae to evaluate their metabolic health. Carbamazepine efficacy was tested using behavioral assessments in kcna1a-/- zebrafish and seizure frequency in Kcna1-/- mice.

Resultskcna1a-/- zebrafish showed uncoordinated movements and locomotor deficits. The mutants also exhibited impaired startle responses when exposed to light-dark flashes and acoustic stimulation. Extracellular field recordings and upregulated fosab transcript levels showed hyperexcitability of the kcna1a-/- brain. Further, vglut2a and gad1b transcript levels were altered, indicative of neuronal excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the kcna1a-/- brain. Metabolic health was also compromised in kcna1a-/- as seen by a significant reduction in measures of cellular respiration. Notably, carbamazepine reduced the impaired startle response in kcna1a-/- zebrafish but had no effect on the seizure frequency in Kcna1-/- mice, suggesting that this EA1 zebrafish model might better translate to human efficacy compared to rodents.

SignificanceWe conclude that zebrafish kcna1a-/- larvae show ataxia and epilepsy-related phenotypes and that they are responsive to carbamazepine treatment, consistent with EA1 patients. This study supports the notion that these zebrafish disease models can be useful for drug screening as well as studying the underlying disease biology.

KEY POINTSO_LIZebrafish kcna1a-/- larvae display dynamic behavioral changes, along with ataxia-like uncoordinated movements and brain hyperexcitability
C_LIO_LIkcna1a-/- larvae have dysfunctional neuronal excitatory/inhibitory balance and perturbed metabolic health
C_LIO_LISimilar to its effectiveness in patients, carbamazepine treatment improves behavioral deficits in kcna1a-/- larvae
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dogra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meza-Santoscoy, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Hoz, C. L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gavrilovici, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibhazehiebo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rho, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurrasch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.28.509973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[kcna1a mutant zebrafish as a model of episodic ataxia type 1 and epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semi-supervised machine learning for sensitive open modification spectral library searching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.30.510366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A key analysis task in mass spectrometry proteomics is matching the acquired tandem mass spectra to their originating peptides by sequence database searching or spectral library searching. Machine learning is an increasingly popular post-processing approach to maximize the number of confident spectrum identifications that can be obtained at a given false discovery rate threshold. Here, we have integrated semi-supervised machine learning in the ANN-SoLo tool, an efficient spectral library search engine that is optimized for open modification searching to identify peptides with any type of post-translational modification. We show that machine learning rescoring boosts the number of spectra that can be identified for both standard searching and open searching, and we provide insights into relevant spectrum characteristics harnessed by the machine learning model. The semi-supervised machine learning functionality has now been fully integrated into ANN-SoLo, which is available as open source under the permissive Apache 2.0 license on GitHub at https://github.com/bittremieux/ANN-SoLo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arab, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fondrie, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laukens, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.510366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semi-supervised machine learning for sensitive open modification spectral library searching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DELE1 oligomerization promotes integrated stress response activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.01.510468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that must continually adapt and respond to cellular stress. Recent studies demonstrated that mitochondrial stress can be relayed from mitochondria to the cytosol by the release of a C-terminal proteolytic fragment of DELE1 that binds to the eIF2 kinase HRI to initiate integrate stress response (ISR) signaling. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the active, C-terminal cleavage product of human DELE1 at[~] 3.8 A{degrees} resolution. Our structure reveals that DELE1 assembles into a high-order oligomer that is observed both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Structurally, the oligomer consists of eight DELE1 monomers that assemble with D4 symmetry via two sets of distinct hydrophobic inter-subunit interactions. We identified the key residues involved in DELE1 oligomerization, and confirmed their role in stabilizing the octamer in vitro and in cells using mutagenesis. Further, we show that assembly impaired DELE1 mutants are compromised in their ability to induce ISR activation in cell culture models. Together, our findings provide molecular insights into the activity of DELE1 and how it signals to promote ISR activity following mitochondrial insult.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneemann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviles, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kampmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiseman, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lander, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.01.510468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DELE1 oligomerization promotes integrated stress response activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Ketogenic Diet Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate Promotes Mitochondrial Elongation via Deacetylation and Improves Autism-like Behavior in Zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ketogenic diet (KD) is clinically beneficial and has therapeutic potential across a growing list of neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the underlying mechanisms mediating the benefits of the KD, which can also have undesirable side effects, remain undefined. To this end, improvements in mitochondrial morphology and function correlate with improved ASD behaviours in response to the KD, though how the KD influences mitochondrial morphology, and whether this is sufficient to improve behaviour remains unknown. Here, we investigate how beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a key metabolite produced by the KD regulates mitochondrial morphology, and whether this pathway could be exploited to alter phenotypes in a zebrafish model of ASD. We found that {beta}-oxidation of BHB promotes mitochondrial elongation by increasing NAD+ levels, which in turn activates SIRT deacetylases that act on key regulators of both mitochondrial fusion and fission. Our data suggest that increasing NAD+ levels with its precursor, nicotinamide nucleotide (NMN), is sufficient to promote mitochondrial hyperfusion. Finally, both BHB and NMN impact neurodevelopment in the shank3b+/- zebrafish model of ASD. Together, our findings elucidate a mechanism by which the ketogenic diet promotes mitochondrial elongation. Moreover, manipulation of this pathway may provide a novel avenue for the treatment of neurological disorders such as ASD that also may obviate potential complications of the KD in clinical practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>SHUTT, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurrasch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacroix, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Khatib, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.03.510695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Ketogenic Diet Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate Promotes Mitochondrial Elongation via Deacetylation and Improves Autism-like Behavior in Zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.509632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oscillations and aperiodic activity: Evidence for dynamic changes in both during memory encoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.509632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrical recordings of human brain activity via electroencephalography (EEG) show prominent, rhythmic voltage fluctuations. These periodic oscillations have been linked to nearly every cognitive and perceptual process, as well numerous disease states. Recent methodological and theoretical advances, however, have given rise to evidence for a functional role for non-oscillatory, aperiodic neural activity. Physiologically, this aperiodic activity has been linked to the relative contributions of neuronal excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Most importantly, however, traditional data analysis methods often conflate oscillations and aperiodic activity, masking the potentially separate roles these processes play in perception, cognition, and disease. Here we present a reanalysis of intracranial human EEG recordings from Fellner et al., 2019, using new methods for separately parameterizing oscillations and aperiodic activity in a time-resolved manner. We find that human memory encoding is not related to just oscillations or aperiodic activity, but rather that both processes are rapidly co-modulated during memory encoding. These results provide strong evidence for event-related dynamics of aperiodic and oscillatory activity in human memory, paving the way for future investigations into the unique functional roles of these two independent, but linked, processes in human cognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Preston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaworonkow, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.509632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oscillations and aperiodic activity: Evidence for dynamic changes in both during memory encoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical Imaging Reveals Diverse Functions of Tricarboxylic Acid Metabolites in Root Growth and Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how plants grow is critical for agriculture and fundamental for illuminating principles of multicellular development 1. Here, we apply chemical mapping of the developing maize root using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) 2. This technique reveals a range of small molecule distribution patterns across the gradient of stem cell differentiation in the root. To understand the developmental logic of these patterns, we examined tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. In both Arabidopsis and maize, TCA metabolites are enriched in developmentally opposing regions, suggesting that stem-cell specific TCA metabolite localization may be conserved in evolutionarily divergent species. We find that these metabolites, particularly succinate, aconitate, citrate, and -ketoglutarate, control root development in diverse and distinct ways. Critically, the effects of metabolites on stem cell behavior can be independent of their canonical role in ATP production. These results present new insights into development and suggest practical means for controlling plant growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noll, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klair, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutzman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zare, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical Imaging Reveals Diverse Functions of Tricarboxylic Acid Metabolites in Root Growth and Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Treatment of pancreatic cancer with irreversible electroporation and intratumoral CD40 antibody stimulates systemic immune responses that inhibit liver metastasis in an orthotopic model. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis, and most patients present with either locally advanced or distant metastatic disease. Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal method of ablation used clinically in locally advanced PC, but most patients eventually develop distant recurrence. We have previously shown that IRE alone is capable of generating protective, neoantigen-specific immunity. Here we aim to generate meaningful therapeutic immune effects by combining IRE with local (intratumoral) delivery of a CD40 agonistic antibody (CD40Ab).

MethodsKPC46 organoids were generated from a tumor-bearing male KrasLSL-G12D-p53LSL-R172H-Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mouse. Orthotopic tumors were established in the pancreatic tail of B6/129 F1J mice via laparotomy. Mice were randomized to treatment with either sham laparotomy, IRE alone, CD40Ab alone, or IRE followed immediately by CD40Ab injection. Metastatic disease and immune infiltration in the liver were analyzed 14 days post-procedure using flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence imaging with spatial analysis. Candidate neoantigens were identified by mutanome profiling of tumor tissue for ex vivo functional analyses.

ResultsThe combination of IRE+CD40Ab improved median survival to greater than 35 days, significantly longer than IRE (21 days) or CD40Ab (24 days) alone (p<0.01). CD40Ab decreased metastatic disease burden, with less disease in the combination group than in the sham group or IRE alone. Immunohistochemistry of liver metastases revealed a more than two-fold higher infiltration of CD8+ T-cells in the IRE+CD40Ab group than in any other group (p<0.01). Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging revealed a 4-6-fold increase in the density of CD80+CD11c+ activated dendritic cells (p<0.05), which were spatially distributed throughout the tumor unlike the sham group, where they were restricted to the periphery. In contrast, CD4+FoxP3+ T-regulatory cells (p<0.05) and Ly6G+ MDSCs (P<0.01) were reduced and restricted to the tumor periphery in the IRE+CD40Ab group. T-cells from the IRE+CD40Ab group recognized significantly more peptides representing candidate neoantigens than did T-cells from the IRE or untreated control groups.

ConclusionsIRE can induce local tumor regression and neoantigen-specific immune responses. Addition of CD40Ab to IRE improved dendritic cell activation and neoantigen recognition, while generating a strong systemic anti-tumor T-cell response that inhibited metastatic disease progression.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narayanan, J. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McArdle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenberger, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Treatment of pancreatic cancer with irreversible electroporation and intratumoral CD40 antibody stimulates systemic immune responses that inhibit liver metastasis in an orthotopic model.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unified and standardized mass spectrometry data processing in Python using spectrum_utils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
spectrum_utils is a Python package for mass spectrometry data processing and visualization. Since its introduction, spectrum_utils has grown into a fundamental software solution that powers various applications in proteomics and metabolomics, ranging from spectrum preprocessing prior to spectrum identification and machine learning applications, to spectrum plotting from online data repositories, and assisting data analysis tasks for dozens of other projects. Here we present updates to spectrum_utils, which include new functionality to integrate mass spectrometry community data standards, enhanced mass spectral data processing, and unified mass spectral data visualization in Python. spectrum_utils is freely available as open source at https://github.com/bittremieux/spectrum_utils.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levitsky, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sachsenberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unified and standardized mass spectrometry data processing in Python using spectrum_utils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying best practices for detecting inter-regional functional connectivity from EEG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aggregating voxel-level statistical dependencies between multivariate time series is an important intermediate step when characterising functional connectivity (FC) between larger brain regions. However, there are numerous ways in which voxel-level data can be aggregated into inter-regional FC, and the advantages of each of these approaches are currently unclear.

In this study we generate ground-truth data and compare the performances of various pipelines that estimate directed and undirected linear phase-to-phase FC between regions. We test the ability of several existing and novel FC analysis pipelines to identify the true regions within which connectivity was simulated. We test various inverse modelling algorithms, strategies to aggregate time series within regions, and connectivity metrics. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the number of interactions, the signal-to-noise ratio, the noise mix, the interaction time delay, and the number of active sources per region on the ability of detecting phase-to-phase FC.

Throughout all simulated scenarios, lowest performance is obtained with pipelines involving the absolute value of coherency. Further, the combination of dynamic imaging of coherent sources (DICS) beamforming with directed FC metrics that aggregate information across multiple frequencies leads to unsatisfactory results. Pipeline that show promising results with our simulated pseudo-EEG data involve the following steps: (1) Source projection using the linearly-constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer. (2) Principal component analysis (PCA) using the same fixed number of components within every region. (3) Calculation of the multivariate interaction measure (MIM) for every region pair to assess undirected phase-to-phase FC, or calculation of time-reversed Granger Causality (TRGC) to assess directed phase-to-phase FC. We formulate recommendations based on these results that may increase the validity of future experimental connectivity studies.

We further introduce the free ROIconnect plugin for the EEGLAB toolbox that includes the recommended methods and pipelines that are presented here. We show an exemplary application of the best performing pipeline to the analysis EEG data recorded during motor imagery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delorme, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikulin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haufe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying best practices for detecting inter-regional functional connectivity from EEG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Analysis of Two Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance as important vectors of human disease, transmitting bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens, including the devastating kinetoplastid parasites of the genus Leishmania, the causative agents of diseases collectively termed leishmaniasis. More than 40 pathogenic Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by approximately 35 sand fly species in 98 countries with hundreds of millions of people at risk around the world. As no approved efficacious vaccine exists, available drugs are expensive and/or toxic, and resistance is emerging, management of sand fly populations to break transmission is currently the most effective disease control strategy. To better understand the biology of sand flies, including the mechanisms involved in their vectorial capacity, insecticide resistance, and population structures we sequenced the genomes of two of the most important sand fly species: Phlebotomus papatasi, a cutaneous leishmaniasis vector, (distributed in the Middle East and North Africa) and Lutzomyia longipalpis, a visceral leishmaniasis vector (distributed across Central and South America). We categorized and curated genes involved in processes important to their roles as disease vectors, including chemosensation, blood feeding, circadian rhythm, immunity, and detoxification, as well as mobile genetic elements. We also defined gene orthology and observed micro-synteny among the genomes. Finally, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of these species in their respective geographical areas. These genomes will be a foundation on which to base future efforts to prevent vector-borne transmission of Leishmania parasites.

Author SummaryThe leishmaniases are a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by protist parasites from the Genus Leishmania. Different Leishmania species present a wide clinical profile, ranging from mild, often self-resolving cutaneous lesions that can lead to protective immunity, to severe metastatic mucosal disease, to visceral disease that is ultimately fatal. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by the bites of sand flies, and as no approved vaccine exists, available drugs are toxic and/or expensive and resistance is emerging, new dual control strategies to combat these diseases must be developed, combining interventions on human infections and integrated sand fly population management. Effective vector control requires a good understanding of the biology of sand flies. To this end, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of two sand fly species that are important leishmaniasis vectors from the Old and New Worlds. These genomes allow us to better understand, at the genetic level, processes important in the vector biology of these species, such as finding hosts, blood-feeding, immunity, and detoxification. These genomic resources highlight the driving forces of evolution of two major Leishmania vectors and provide foundations for future research on how to better prevent leishmaniasis by control of the sand fly vectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDowell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labbe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdeladhim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrudan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araki, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arensburger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beniot, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazil, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueno da Silva Rivas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho de Abreu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charamis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho-Abreu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Costa-Latge, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emrich, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Medina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueiredo Gontijo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannley, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatherer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genta, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gesing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraldo-Calderon, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguiar, E. R. G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamarsheh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawksworth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendershot, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickner, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imler, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ioannidis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamhawi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karageorgiou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenned</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Analysis of Two Phlebotomine Sand Fly Vectors of Leishmania from the New and Old World]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Pentose Catabolism in Pseudomonas putida 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Pseudomonas putida group in the Gammaproteobacteria has been intensively studied for bioremediation and plant growth promotion. Members of this group have recently emerged as promising hosts to convert intermediates derived from plant biomass to biofuels and biochemicals. However, most strains of P. putida cannot metabolize pentose sugars derived from hemicellulose. Here we describe three isolates that provide a broader view of the pentose sugar catabolism in the P. putida group. One of these isolates clusters with the well-characterized P. alloputida KT2440 (strain BP6); the second isolate clustered with plant growth-promoting strain P. putida W619 (strain M2), while the third isolate represents a new species in the group (strain BP8). Each of these isolates possessed homologous genes for oxidative xylose catabolism (xylDXA) and a potential xylonate transporter. Strain M2 grew on arabinose and had genes for oxidative arabinose catabolism (araDXA). A CRISPRi system was developed for strain M2 and identified conditionally essential genes for xylose growth. A glucose dehydrogenase was found to be responsible for initial oxidation of xylose and arabinose in strain M2. These isolates have illuminated inherent diversity in pentose catabolism in the P. putida group and may provide alternative hosts for biomass conversion.

Originality-Significance StatementMembers of the Pseudomonas putida group are intensively studied for their role in plant growth promotion and biomass conversion. Despite this interest, the scope of pentose oxidation, key sugars in plant biomass, in this group is not known. Here, we report targeted isolation of members of the P. putida group that grow by xylose and arabinose oxidation. Using a combined genomic and proteomic approach, we identify gene products involved in pentose oxidation and identify conditionally essential genes for xylose oxidation using a CRISPRi gene repression approach. This work describes a targeted isolation and analysis strategy that may applied for many microbial groups of industrial and agricultural interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, M.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauttam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Pentose Catabolism in Pseudomonas putida]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms underlying divergent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.06.511161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog TAZ are transducers of several biochemical and biomechanical signals, serving to integrate multiplexed inputs from the microenvironment into higher-level cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and hemostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that Ca2+ is a key second messenger that closely connects microenvironmental input signals and YAP/TAZ regulation. However, studies that directly modulate Ca2+ have reported contradictory YAP/TAZ responses: In some studies, a reduction in Ca2+ influx increases the activity of YAP/TAZ, while in others, an increase in Ca2+ influx activates YAP/TAZ. Importantly, Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics, making it difficult to unravel their connections from a purely experimental approach. In this study, we developed a network model of Ca2+-mediated YAP/TAZ signaling to investigate how temporal dynamics and crosstalk of signaling pathways interacting with Ca2+ can alter YAP/TAZ response, as observed in experiments. By including six signaling modules (e.g., GPCR, IP3-Ca2+, Kinases, RhoA, F-actin, and Hippo-YAP/TAZ) that interact with Ca2+, we investigated both transient and steady-state cell response to Angiotensin II and thapsigargin stimuli. The model predicts stimuli, Ca2+ transient, and frequency-dependent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ primarily mediated by signaling species like cPKC, DAG, CaMKII, and F-actin. Model results illustrate the role of Ca2+ dynamics and CaMKII bistable response in switching the direction of changes in Ca2+-induced YAP/TAZ activity for different stimuli. Frequency-dependent YAP/TAZ response revealed the competition between upstream regulators of LATS1/2, leading to the YAP/TAZ non-monotonic response to periodic GPCR stimulation. This study provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the controversial Ca2+-YAP/TAZ relationship observed in experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khalilimeybodi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.06.511161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms underlying divergent relationships between Ca2+ and YAP/TAZ signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BUB-1 and CENP-C Recruit PLK-1 to Control Chromosome Alignment and Segregation During Meiosis I in C. elegans Oocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification that is utilised in many biological processes for the rapid and reversible regulation of protein localisation and activity. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1) is essential for both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions, with key functions being conserved in eukaryotes. The roles and regulation of PLK-1 during mitosis have been well characterised. However, the discrete roles and regulation of PLK-1 during meiosis have remained obscure. Here, we used Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) oocytes to show that PLK-1 plays distinct roles in meiotic spindle assembly and/or stability, chromosome alignment and segregation, and polar body extrusion during meiosis I. Furthermore, by a combination of live imaging and biochemical analysis we identified the chromosomal recruitment mechanisms of PLK-1 during C. elegans oocyte meiosis. The spindle assembly checkpoint kinase BUB-1 directly recruits PLK-1 to the kinetochore and midbivalent while the chromosome arm population of PLK-1 depends on a direct interaction with the centromeric-associated protein CENP-CHCP-4. We found that perturbing both BUB-1 and CENP-CHCP-4 recruitment of PLK-1 leads to severe meiotic defects, resulting in highly aneuploid oocytes. Overall, our results shed light on the roles played by PLK-1 during oocyte meiosis and provide a mechanistic understanding of PLK-1 targeting to meiotic chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bel Borja, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soubigou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheerambathur, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelisch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BUB-1 and CENP-C Recruit PLK-1 to Control Chromosome Alignment and Segregation During Meiosis I in C. elegans Oocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding restores brain transcription and slows amyloid deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a tragic neurodegenerative disease affecting more than 5 million Americans. Circadian disruptions impact nearly all AD patients, with reversal of sleep/wake cycles and agitation in the evening being common disturbances that manifest early in disease. These alterations support a role for circadian dysfunction as a driver of AD, emphasizing a critical need to investigate the therapeutic potential of circadian-modulating interventions. One of the most powerful regulators of the circadian system is the daily feed/fast cycle. Here we show that time-restricted feeding (TRF) without caloric restriction, improved key disease components including behavior, disease pathology and transcription in the APP23 mouse model of Alzheimers disease. We found that TRF had the remarkable capability of simultaneously reducing amyloid deposition, increasing A{beta}42 clearance, improving sleep and hyperactivity, and normalizing transcription of circadian, AD and neuroinflammation-associated genes in APP23 mice. Thus, our study unveils for the first time that circadian modulation through timed feeding has far-reaching effects beyond metabolism and affects the brain as the substrate for neurodegeneration. Since the pleiotropic effects of TRF can substantially modify disease trajectory, this intervention has immediate translational value, addressing the crucial need for accessible approaches to reduce or halt AD progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whittaker, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhmetova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsh, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colwell, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desplats, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian modulation by time-restricted feeding restores brain transcription and slows amyloid deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.08.511437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Corticosteroid Activation of Atlantic Sea Lamprey Corticoid Receptor: Allosteric Regulation by the N-terminal Domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.08.511437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lampreys are jawless fish that evolved about 550 million years ago at the base of the vertebrate line. Modern lampreys contain a corticoid receptor (CR), the common ancestor of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which first appear in cartilaginous fish, such as sharks. Until recently, 344 amino acids at the amino terminus of adult lamprey CR were not present in the lamprey CR sequence in GenBank. A search of the recently sequenced lamprey germline genome identified two CR sequences, CR1 and CR2, containing the 344 previously un-identified amino acids. CR1 also contains a novel four amino acid insertion in the DNA-binding domain (DBD). We studied corticosteroid and progesterone activation of CR1 and CR2 and found their strongest response was to 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, the two circulating corticosteroids in lamprey. Based on steroid specificity, both CRs are close to elephant shark MR and distant from elephant shark GR. HEK293 cells that were transfected with full-length CR1 or CR2 and the MMTV promoter have about 3-fold higher steroid-mediated activation compared to HEK293 cells transfected with these CRs and the TAT3 promoter. Deletion of the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of lamprey CR1 and CR2 to form truncated CRs decreased transcriptional activation by about 70% in HEK293 cells that were transfected with MMTV, but increased transcription by about 6-fold in cells transfected with TAT3. This indicated that the promoter has an important effect on NTD regulation of transcriptional activation of the CR by steroids. Our results also indicate that the entire lamprey CR sequence is needed for an accurate determination of steroid-mediated transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamisaka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bamba, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.08.511437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Corticosteroid Activation of Atlantic Sea Lamprey Corticoid Receptor: Allosteric Regulation by the N-terminal Domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.08.511447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skipper analysis of RNA-protein interactions highlights depletion of genetic variation in translation factor binding sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.08.511447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Technology for crosslinking and immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (CLIP-seq) has identified the transcriptomic targets of hundreds of RNA-binding proteins in cells. To increase the power of existing and future CLIP-seq datasets, we introduce Skipper, an end-to-end workflow that converts unprocessed reads into annotated binding sites using an improved statistical framework. Compared to existing methods, Skipper on average calls 3.1-4.2 times more transcriptomic binding sites and sometimes >10 times more sites, providing deeper insight into post-transcriptional gene regulation. Skipper also calls binding to annotated repetitive elements and identifies bound elements for 99% of enhanced CLIP experiments. We perform nine translation factor enhanced CLIPs and apply Skipper to learn determinants of translation factor occupancy including transcript region, sequence, and subcellular localization. Furthermore, we observe depletion of genetic variation in occupied sites and nominate transcripts subject to selective constraint because of translation factor occupancy. Skipper offers fast, easy, customizable analysis of CLIP-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boyle, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.08.511447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skipper analysis of RNA-protein interactions highlights depletion of genetic variation in translation factor binding sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple-trait subsampling for optimized ancestral trait reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large datasets along with sampling bias represent a challenge for phylodynamic reconstructions, particularly when the study data are obtained from various heterogeneous sources and/or through convenience sampling. In this study, we evaluate the presence of unbalanced sampled distribution by collection date, location, and risk group of HIV-1 subtype C using a compre-hensive subsampling strategy, and assess their impact on the reconstruction of the viral spatial and risk group dynamics using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our study shows that the most suitable dataset for ancestral trait reconstruction can be obtained through subsampling by collection date, location, and risk group, particularly using multigene datasets. We also demonstrate that sampling bias is inflated when considerable information for a given trait is unavailable or of poor quality, as we observed for the risk group in the analysis of HIV-1 subtype C. In conclusion, we suggest that, even if traits are not well recorded, including them deliberately optimizes the representativeness of the original dataset rather than completely excluding them. Therefore, we advise the inclusion of as many traits as possible with the aid of subsampling approaches in order to optimize the dataset for phylodynamic analysis while reducing the computational burden. This will benefit research communities investigating the evolutionary and spatiotemporal patterns of infectious diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovao, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baele, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple-trait subsampling for optimized ancestral trait reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian Approach to Hyperbolic Multi-Dimensional Scaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that hyperbolic geometry confers many advantages for analyzing hierarchical structure in complex systems. However, available embedding methods do not give a precise metric for determining the dimensionality of the data, and do not vary curvature. These parameters are important for obtaining accurate, low dimensional, continuous descriptions of the data. To address this we develop a Bayesian formulation of Multi-Dimensional Scaling for embedding data in hyperbolic spaces that can fit for the optimal values of geometric parameters such as curvature and dimension. We propose a novel model of embedding uncertainty within this Bayesian framework which improves both performance and interpretability of the model. Because the method allows for variable curvature, it can also correctly embed Euclidean data using zero curvature, thus subsuming traditional Euclidean MDS models. We demonstrate that only a small amount of data is needed to constrain the geometry in our model and that the model is robust against false minima when scaling to large datasets. We apply our model to real world datasets and uncover new insights into their hierarchical structure derived from our geometric embeddings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Praturu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.12.511940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian Approach to Hyperbolic Multi-Dimensional Scaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated Molecular Characterization of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: An NCI Cancer Moonshot Precancer Atlas Pilot Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.14.512148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are cystic precursor lesions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). IPMNs undergo multistep progression from low grade (LG) to high grade (HG) dysplasia, culminating in invasive neoplasia. While patterns of IPMN progression have been analyzed using multi-region sequencing for somatic mutations, there is no integrated assessment of molecular events, including copy number alterations (CNAs) and transcriptomics changes, that accompany IPMN progression. We performed laser capture microdissection on surgically resected IPMNs of varying grades of histological dysplasia obtained from 24 patients (total of 74 independent histological lesions), followed by whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing. Overall, HG IPMNs displayed a significantly greater aneuploidy score than LG lesions, with chromosome 1q amplification, in particular, being associated with HG progression and with cases that harbored cooccurring PDAC. Furthermore, the combined assessment of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and CNAs identified both linear and branched evolutionary trajectories, underscoring the heterogeneity in the progression of LG lesions to HG and PDAC. At the transcriptome level, upregulation of MYC-regulated targets and downregulation of transcripts associated with the MHC class I antigen presentation machinery was a common feature of progression to HG. Taken together, this work emphasizes the role of 1q copy number amplification as a putative biomarker of high-risk IPMNs, underscores the importance of immune evasion even in non-invasive precursor lesions, and supports a previously underappreciated role of CNA-driven branching evolution as an avenue for IPMN progression. Our study provides important molecular context for risk stratification and cancer interception opportunities in IPMNs.

SignificanceIntegrated molecular analysis of genomic and transcriptomic alterations in the multistep progression of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), which are bona fide precursors of pancreatic cancer, identifies features associated with progression of low-risk lesions to high-risk lesions and cancer, which might enable patient stratification and cancer interception strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Semaan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makino, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartzlander, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapakshe, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Officer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaife, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Affolter, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachmanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firpo, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip-Schneider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maitra, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakubek, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.14.512148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated Molecular Characterization of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: An NCI Cancer Moonshot Precancer Atlas Pilot Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microscopic Imaging of Epigenetic Age 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomarkers of biological age that predict the risk of disease and expected lifespan better than chronological age are key to efficient and cost-effective healthcare1-3. To advance a personalized approach to healthcare, such biomarkers must perform on the individual rather than population level, demonstrate single cell resolution, and provide scalable and cost-effective measurements. We developed a novel approach - image-based chromatin and epigenetic age (ImAge), that utilizes image texture features based on the patterns of chromatin and epigenetic marks in single nuclei. We observed the emergence of intrinsic trajectories of ImAge using dimensionality reduction without regression on chronological age. ImAge was correlated with chronological age in all tissues and organs examined and was consistent with the expected acceleration and/or deceleration of biological age in chronologically identical mice treated with chemotherapy or following a caloric restriction regimen, respectively. ImAge from chronologically identical mice inversely correlated with their locomotor activity (greater activity for younger ImAge), consistent with the essential role of locomotion as an aging biomarker. Finally, we demonstrated that ImAge is reduced upon partial reprogramming in vivo following transient expression of OSKM cassette in the liver and skeletal muscles of old mice and validated the power of ImAge to assess the heterogeneity of reprogramming. We propose that ImAge represents the first-in-class individual-level biomarker of aging and rejuvenation with single-cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiengo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Kuglen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terskikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.16.512441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microscopic Imaging of Epigenetic Age]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic homeostasis and growth in abiotic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolism constitutes the core chemistry of life. How it began on the early Earth and whether it had a cellular origin is still uncertain. A leading hypothesis for lifes origins postulates that metabolism arose from geochemical CO2-fixing pathways, driven by inorganic catalysts and energy sources, long before enzymes or genes existed. The acetyl-CoA pathway and the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle are considered ancient reaction networks that hold relics of early carbon-fixing pathways. Although transition metals can promote many steps of these pathways, whether they form a functional metabolic network in abiotic cells has not been shown. Here, we formulate a nonenzymatic carbonfixing network from these pathways and determine its functional feasibility in abiotic cells by imposing the fundamental physico-chemical constraints of the early Earth. Using first principles, we show that abiotic cells could have sustainable steady carbon-fixing cycles that perform a systemic function over a relatively narrow range of conditions. Furthermore, we find that in all feasible steady states, the operation of the cycle elevates the osmotic pressure, leading to volume expansion. These results suggest that achieving homeostatic metabolic states under prebiotic conditions was possible, but challenging, and volume growth was a fundamental property of early metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.16.512448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic homeostasis and growth in abiotic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.509515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A tissue injury repair pathway distinct but parallel to host pathogen defense 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.509515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogen infection and tissue injury are universal insults that disrupt homeostasis. Innate immunity senses microbial infections and induces interferons (IFNs) to activate resistance mechanisms. Applying unbiased phylogenetic analysis, we show that interleukin-24 (IL24) is among the closest evolutionary homologs to the IFN family and shares a common ancestral origin. However, in contrast to IFNs, IL24 induction occurs specifically in barrier epithelial progenitors after injury and is independent of microbiome or adaptive immunity. Surprisingly, Il24 ablation impedes not only epidermal proliferation and re-epithelialization, but also capillary and fibroblast regeneration within the dermal wound bed. Conversely, ectopic Il24 induction in homeostatic epidermis triggers global epithelial-mesenchymal tissue repair responses. Mechanistically, sustained Il24 expression depends upon both IL24 receptor/STAT3 signaling and also hypoxia-stabilized HIF1, which converge following injury. Thus, parallel to the IFN-mediated innate immune sensing of pathogens to resolve infections, epithelial stem cells sense injury signals to orchestrate IL24-mediated tissue repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hur, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilate, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, K. A. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowley, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurwitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur-Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sribour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omelchenko, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levorse, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasolli, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mucida, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.18.509515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A tissue injury repair pathway distinct but parallel to host pathogen defense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The epigenetic modifier DOT1L regulates gene regulatory networks necessary for cardiac patterning and cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms by which specific histone modifications regulate distinct gene regulatory networks remain little understood. We investigated how H3K79me2, a modification catalyzed by DOT1L and previously considered a general transcriptional activation mark, regulates gene expression in mammalian cardiogenesis. Early embryonic cardiomyocyte ablation of Dot1l revealed that H3K79me2 does not act as a general transcriptional activator, but rather regulates highly specific gene regulatory networks at two critical cardiogenic junctures: left ventricle patterning and postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal. Mechanistic analyses revealed that H3K79me2 in two distinct domains, gene bodies and regulatory elements, synergized to promote expression of genes activated by DOT1L. Surprisingly, these analyses also revealed that H3K79me2 in specific regulatory elements contributed to silencing genes usually not expressed in cardiomyocytes. As DOT1L mutants had increased numbers of postnatal mononuclear cardiomyocytes and prolonged cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, controlled inhibition of DOT1L might be a strategy to promote cardiac regeneration post-injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgarten, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peruzzo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunderfranco, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larcher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spinozzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condorelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimaraes-Camboa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.18.512679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The epigenetic modifier DOT1L regulates gene regulatory networks necessary for cardiac patterning and cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal mapping of cell types and projections in the central nucleus of the amygdala 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is a brain region that integrates external and internal sensory information and executes innate and adaptive behaviors through distinct output pathways. Despite its complex functions, the diversity of molecularly defined neuronal types in the CEA and their contributions to major axonal projection targets have not been examined systematically. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to classify molecularly defined cell types in the CEA and identified marker-genes to map the location of these neuronal types using expansion assisted iterative fluorescence in situ hybridization (EASI-FISH). We developed new methods to integrate EASI-FISH with 5-plex retrograde axonal labeling to determine the spatial, morphological, and connectivity properties of [~]30,000 molecularly defined CEA neurons. Our study revealed spatio-molecular organization of the CEA, with medial and lateral CEA associated with distinct cell families. We also found a long-range axon projection network from the CEA, where target regions receive inputs from multiple molecularly defined cell types. Axon collateralization was found primarily among projections to hindbrain targets, which are distinct from forebrain projections. This resource reports marker-gene combinations for molecularly defined cell types and axon-projection types, which will be useful for selective interrogation of these neuronal populations to study their contributions to the diverse functions of the CEA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krabbe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleishman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemire, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korff, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tillberg, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lüthi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal mapping of cell types and projections in the central nucleus of the amygdala]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.22.513080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Decomposition of Metabolism allows a system-level quantification of fluxes and protein allocation towards specific metabolic functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.22.513080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantifying the contribution of individual molecular components to complex cellular processes is a grand challenge in systems biology. Here we establish a general theoretical framework (Functional Decomposition of Metabolism, FDM) to quantify the contribution of every metabolic reaction to metabolic functions, e.g. the biosynthesis of metabolic building blocks such as amino acids. This allows us to obtain a plethora of results for E. coli growing in different conditions. A detailed quantification of energetic costs for biosynthesis and biomass growth on glucose shows that ATP generated during de novo biosynthesis of building blocks almost balances the ATP costs of peptide chain polymerization, the single largest energy expenditure for growing cells. This leaves the bulk of energy generated by fermentation and respiration (consuming 1/3 of the glucose intake) during aerobic growth unaccounted for. FDM also enabled the quantification of protein allocated towards each metabolic function, unveiling linear enzyme-flux relations for biosynthesis. These results led us to derive a function-based coarse-grained model to capture global protein allocation and overflow metabolism, without relying on curated pathway annotation or clustering of gene expression data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.22.513080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Decomposition of Metabolism allows a system-level quantification of fluxes and protein allocation towards specific metabolic functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.22.513321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic loss of function screens identify pathway specific functional circular RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.22.513321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed single stranded RNAs that are produced by RNA back-splicing. A small number of circRNAs have been implicated as functional, however, we still lack systematic understanding of cellular processes and signalling pathways that are regulated by circRNAs. A major gap in understanding circRNA function is the ability to define pathways that are regulated by circRNAs. Here, we generated a pooled shRNA library targeting the back-splice junction of 3,354 human circRNAs that are expressed at low to high levels in humans. We used this library for loss of function proliferation screens in a panel of 18 cancer cell lines from four tissue types that harbour mutations leading to constitutive activity of defined pathways. Using this dataset, we identify context specific and non-specific circRNAs. We validated these observations with a secondary screen and uncovered a role for circRERE, a cell essential circRNA that regulates ferroptosis. Furthermore, we characterised the functional roles of pathway-specific circRNA, circSMAD2, a novel regulator of the WNT pathway and circMTO1, a regulator of MAPK signalling in a PTEN dependent manner. Our work sheds light on molecular pathways regulated by circRNAs and provides a catalogue of circRNAs with a measurable function in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neve, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlaza-Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawdon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodall, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbluh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.22.513321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic loss of function screens identify pathway specific functional circular RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortico-Striatal Beta-Oscillations as a Marker of Learned Reward Value 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single neuron correlates of reward value have been observed in brain regions along the cortico-striatal pathway including ventral striatum, orbital, and medial prefrontal cortex. Brain imaging studies in humans further validate these findings and suggest that value is represented in a network of brain regions opposed to a particular area. Neural activity oscillates at periodic frequencies to coordinate long-range communication in widespread, dynamic networks. To explore how oscillatory dynamics across brain regions may represent reward value, we measured local field potentials of male Long-Evans rats during three distinct behavioral tasks, each probing a different aspect of reward processing. Our goal was to use a data-driven approach to identify a common electrophysiology property associated with reward value. We found that reward-locked oscillations at beta frequencies, in both single units and local field potentials, were markers of positive reward valence. More importantly, Reward-locked beta-oscillations scaled with expected reward value on specific trial types and in a behaviorally relevant way across tasks. Oscillatory signatures of reward processing were observed throughout the cortico-striatal network including electrodes placed in orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula, medial prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, and amygdala. These data suggests that beta-oscillations reflect learned reward value in a distributed network, and this may serve as a stable and robust bio-marker for future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koloski, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulyalkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fakhraei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortico-Striatal Beta-Oscillations as a Marker of Learned Reward Value]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maximal interferon induction by influenza lacking NS1 is infrequent owing to requirements for replication and export 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza A virus exhibits high rates of replicative failure due to a variety of genetic defects. Most influenza virions cannot, when acting as individual particles, complete the entire viral life cycle. Nevertheless influenza is incredibly successful in the suppression of innate immune detection and the production of interferons, remaining undetected in >99% of cells in tissue-culture models of infection. Notably, the same variation that leads to replication failure can, by chance, inactivate the major innate immune antagonist in influenza A virus, NS1. What explains the observed rarity of interferon production in spite of the frequent loss of this, critical, antagonist? By studying how genetic and phenotypic variation in a viral population lacking NS1 correlates with interferon production, we have built a model of the "worst-case" failure from an improved understanding of the steps at which NS1 acts in the viral life cycle to prevent the triggering of an innate immune response. In doing so, we find that NS1 prevents the detection of de novo innate immune ligands, defective viral genomes, and viral export from the nucleus, although only generation of de novo ligands appears absolutely required for enhanced detection of virus in the absence of NS1. Due to this, the highest frequency of interferon production we observe (97% of infected cells) requires a high level of replication in the presence of defective viral genomes with NS1 bearing an inactivating mutation that does not impact its partner encoded on the same segment, NEP. This is incredibly unlikely to occur given the standard variation found within a viral population, and would generally require direct, artificial, intervention to achieve at an appreciable rate. Thus from our study, we procure at least a partial explanation for the seeming contradiction between high rates of replicative failure and the rarity of the interferon response to influenza infection.

Author summaryThe production of interferons in response to viral threat is a potent barrier to successful infection. Viruses like influenza A virus encode potent interferon antagonists, suppressing detection of viral replication such that only an incredibly small number of cells successfully produce interferons. Strikingly, even in the absence of its major interferon antagonist, NS1, influenza still only induces an interferon response in a minority of infected cells. Using a combination of single-cell RNAseq, flow cytometry, and classical bulk methods, we explored how heterogeneity, both genetic and phenotypic, in a virus lacking NS1, explains the observed rarity of the interferon response. In doing so, we find that, in the absence of NS1, viral replication is absolutely required to induce an interferon response, and that both active export and the presence of defective viral genomes can greatly enhance, but are not strictly required, for the detection of this virus. The confluence of events which we find maximizes the host response is incredibly unlikely to occur alongside the absence of the NS1 protein via the most common forms of genetic variation in the viral population, perhaps explaining, in part, how a virus with such a high error rate nevertheless has such a high rate of success at evading cell intrinsic innate immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vicary, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lekbua, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, Z. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maximal interferon induction by influenza lacking NS1 is infrequent owing to requirements for replication and export]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513552v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NDEx IQuery: a multi-method network gene set analysis leveraging the Network Data Exchange 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.24.513552v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe investigation of sets of genes using biological pathways is a common task for researchers and is supported by a wide variety of software tools. This type of analysis generates hypotheses about the biological processes active or modulated in a specific experimental context.

ResultsThe NDEx Integrated Query (IQuery) is a new tool for network and pathway-based gene set interpretation that complements or extends existing resources. It combines novel sources of pathways, integration with Cytoscape, and the ability to store and share analysis results. The IQuery web application performs multiple gene set analyses based on diverse pathways and networks stored in NDEx. These include curated pathways from WikiPathways and SIGNOR, published pathway figures from the last 27 years, machine-assembled networks using the INDRA system, and the new NCI-PID v2.0, an updated version of the popular NCI Pathway Interaction Database. IQuerys integration with MSigDB and cBioPortal now provides pathway analysis in the context of these two resources.

Availability and ImplementationIQuery is available at https://www.ndexbio.org/iquery and is implemented in Javascript and Java.

ContactDexter Pratt (depratt@health.ucsd.edu)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pillich, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyori, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ono, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pico, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513552</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NDEx IQuery: a multi-method network gene set analysis leveraging the Network Data Exchange]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extreme genome diversity and cryptic speciation in a harmful algal bloom forming eukaryote 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum are a recurrent problem in many inland and estuarine waters around the world. Strains of P. parvum vary in the toxins they produce and in other physiological traits associated with HABs, but the genetic basis for this variation is unknown. To investigate genome diversity in this morphospecies, we generated genome assemblies for fifteen phylogenetically and geographically diverse strains of P. parvum including Hi-C guided, near-chromosome level assemblies for two strains. Comparative analysis revealed considerable DNA content variation between strains, ranging from 115 Mbp to 845 Mbp. Strains included haploids, diploids, and polyploids, but not all differences in DNA content were due to variation in genome copy number. Haploid genome size between strains of different chemotypes differed by as much as 243 Mbp. Syntenic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that UTEX 2797, a common laboratory strain from Texas, is a hybrid that retains two phylogenetically distinct haplotypes. Investigation of gene families variably present across strains identified several functional categories associated with metabolism, including candidates for the biosynthesis of toxic metabolites, as well as genome size variation, including recent proliferations of transposable elements. Together, our results indicate that P. parvum is comprised of multiple cryptic species. These genomes provide a robust phylogenetic and genomic framework for investigations into the eco-physiological consequences of the intra- and inter-specific genetic variation present in P. parvum and demonstrate the need for similar resources for other HAB-forming morphospecies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHarmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global concern. Efforts to understand the genetic basis of traits associated with the success of HAB-forming species are limited by a dearth of genomic resources. In this paper we present genomes for fifteen strains of Prymnesium parvum, a toxic alga that causes ecosystem and societally disruptive HABs around the world. We uncover an unprecedented amount of sequence-level, gene family, and genome architecture evolution in P. parvum and provide evidence for both cryptic speciation and hybridization. These results illustrate how both inter- and intraspecific genetic variation can be dramatically underestimated in a protist morphospecies. More work is needed to understand the eco-physiological consequences of hidden genetic diversity in P. parvum and HAB-forming species more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wisecaver, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auber, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendleton, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watervoort, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallon, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedling, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driscoll, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extreme genome diversity and cryptic speciation in a harmful algal bloom forming eukaryote]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Clade-D Auxin Response Factor is a Major Regulator of Auxin Signaling in Physcomitrium patens. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) are a family of transcription factors that are responsible for regulating gene expression in response to changes in auxin level. The analysis of ARF sequence and activity indicates that there are two major groups-activators and repressors. One clade of ARFs, clade-D, is sister to clade-A activating ARFs, but are unique in that they lack a DNA binding domain. Clade-D ARFs are present in lycophytes and bryophytes but absent in pteridophytes and spermatophytes. The transcriptional activity of clade-D ARFs, as well as how they regulate gene expression, is not well understood. Here, we report that clade-D ARFs are transcriptional activators in the model bryophyte P. patens and have a major role in the development of this species. {Delta}arfd1,d2 protonemata exhibit a delay in filament branching, as well as a delay in a key cell differentiation event. Additionally, leafy gametophore development in {Delta}arfd1,d2 lines lag behind wild-type. We present evidence that ARFd1 interacts with activating, but not repressing, ARFs. An ARFd1 hypomorph, arfd1T653L, cannot multimerize. Therefore, we propose a model by which clade-D ARFs enhance gene expression by oligomerizing to DNA-bound archetypal ARFs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bascom, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prigge, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szutu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bantle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irmak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Clade-D Auxin Response Factor is a Major Regulator of Auxin Signaling in Physcomitrium patens.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mind-body interface alternates with effector-specific regions in motor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.26.513940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down precentral gyrus from foot to face representations1,2. The motor homunculus has remained a textbook pillar of functional neuroanatomy, despite evidence for concentric functional zones3 and maps of complex actions4. Using our highest precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data and methods, we discovered that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with sharpy distinct connectivity, structure, and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand, mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, and to prefrontal, insular, and subcortical regions of the Cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for executive action5 and physiological control6, arousal7, and processing of errors8 and pain9. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was independently verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant, child) precision fMRI revealed potential cross-species analogues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. An extensive battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric somatotopies for each effector, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effector regions lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet), and axial body movement (e.g., abdomen, eyebrows). These results, together with prior work demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions4 and connectivity to internal organs (e.g., adrenal medulla)10, suggest that M1 is punctuated by an integrative system for implementing whole-body action plans. Thus, two parallel systems intertwine in motor cortex to form an integrate-isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand, mouth) for isolating fine motor control, and a mind-body interface (MBI) for the integrative whole-organism coordination of goals, physiology, and body movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seider, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krimmel, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheidter, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montez, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Andrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demeter, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smyser, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botteron, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruett, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimony, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.26.513940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mind-body interface alternates with effector-specific regions in motor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.513298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered vasculature induces functional maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived islet organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.513298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood vessels play a critical role in pancreatic islet health and function, yet current culture methods to generate islet organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (SC-islets) lack a vascular component. Here, we engineered 3D vascularized SC-islet organoids by assembling SC-islet cells, human primary endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts both in a non-perfused model and a microfluidic device with perfused vessels. Vasculature improved stimulus-dependent Ca2+ influx into SC-{beta}-cells, a hallmark of {beta}-cell function that is blunted in non-vascularized SC-islets. We show that an islet-like basement membrane is formed by vasculature and contributes to the functional improvement of SC-{beta}-cells. Furthermore, cell-cell communication networks based on scRNA-seq data predicted BMP2/4-BMPR2 signaling from ECs to SC-{beta}-cells. Correspondingly, BMP4 augmented the SC-{beta}-cell Ca2+ response and insulin secretion. These vascularized SC-islet models will enable further studies of crosstalk between {beta}-cells and ECs and can serve as in vivo-mimicking platforms for disease modeling and therapeutic testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Ngoc, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, R. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlichting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaetani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hachey, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.513298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered vasculature induces functional maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived islet organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mice lacking Ptprd exhibit deficits in goal-directed behavior and female-specific impairments in sensorimotor gating 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family that mediates cell adhesion and synaptic specification. Genetic studies have linked Ptprd to several neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), opioid abuse disorder, and antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of either pediatric obsessive-compulsive traits, or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), have identified loci near Ptprd as genome-wide significant, or strongly suggestive for this trait. We assessed Ptprd wild-type (WT), heterozygous (HT), and knockout (KO) mice for behavioral dimensions that are altered in OCD, including anxiety and exploration (open field test, dig test), perseverative behavior (splash-induced grooming, spatial d), sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition), and home cage goal-directed behavior (nest building). No effect of genotype was observed in any measure of the open field test, dig test, or splash test. However, Ptprd KO mice of both sexes showed impairments in nest building behavior. Finally, female, but not male, Ptprd KO mice showed deficits in prepulse inhibition, an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that is reduced in female, but not male, OCD patients. Our results indicate that constitutive lack of Ptprd may contribute to the development of certain domains that are altered OCD, including goal-directed behavior, and reduced sensorimotor gating specifically in females.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ho, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulawa, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mice lacking Ptprd exhibit deficits in goal-directed behavior and female-specific impairments in sensorimotor gating]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amygdalostriatal transition zone neurons encode sustained valence to direct conditioned behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In order to respond appropriately to threats in the environment, the brain must rapidly determine whether a stimulus is important and whether it is positive or negative, and then use that information to direct behavioral responses. Neurons in the amygdala have long been implicated in valence encoding and in fear responses to threatening stimuli, but show transient firing responses in response to these stimuli that do not match the timescales of associated behavioral responses. For decades, there has been a logical gap in how behavioral responses could be mediated without an ensemble representation of the internal state of valence that has rapid onset, high signal-to-noise, and is sustained for the duration of the behavioral state. Here, we present the amygdalostriatal transition zone (ASt) as a missing piece of this highly conserved process that is of paramount importance for survival, which does exactly this: represents an internal state (e.g. fear) that can be expressed in multiple motor outputs (e.g. freezing or escape). The ASt is anatomically positioned as a "shortcut" to connect the corticolimbic system (important for evaluation) with the basal ganglia (important for action selection) with the inputs of the amygdala and the outputs of the striatum - ideally poised for evaluating and responding to environmental threats. From in vivo cellular resolution recordings that include both electrophysiology and calcium imaging, we find that ASt neurons are unique in that they are sparse coding, extremely high signal-to-noise, and also maintain a sustained response for negative valence stimuli for the duration of the defensive behavior - a rare but essential combination. We further show that photostimulation of the ASt is sufficient to drive freezing and avoidance behaviors. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and in situ RNA labelling we generate a comprehensive profile of cell types and gene expression in the ASt, and find the ASt is genetically distinct from adjacent striatal and amygdalar structures. We also find that the ASt has a greater proportion of neurons expressing Drd2 than neurons expressing Drd1a, a unique feature compared to other regions of the striatum. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we show that that this Drd2+ population robustly encodes stimuli of negative valence, and in loss-of-function experiments find that optogenetic inhibition of Drd2+ ASt neurons causes a striking reduction in cue-conditioned fear responses. Together, our findings identify the ASt as a previously-unappreciated critical missing link for encoding learned associations and directing ongoing behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mills, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keisler, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschbach, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyes, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borio, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delahanty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maree, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wichmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Root, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amygdalostriatal transition zone neurons encode sustained valence to direct conditioned behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamine mimicry suppresses tumor progression through asparagine metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.31.514261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), glutamine is a critical nutrient that drives a wide array of metabolic and biosynthetic processes that support tumor growth. Despite this established dependency, the targeting of specific enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism is yet to yield any clinical benefit. Here, we have examined the therapeutic potential of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine antagonist that broadly inhibits glutamine metabolism. We found that DON treatment significantly blocks PDAC tumor growth and attenuates metastasis. Interestingly, we link the effectiveness of DON in PDAC to asparagine (Asn) metabolism. By inhibiting asparagine synthetase (ASNS), DON significantly reduces intracellular Asn production and Asn supplementation rescues the anti-proliferative effects of DON. We discern that PDAC cells upregulate expression of ASNS as a metabolic adaptation and that modulating ASNS levels can impact DON efficacy. Strikingly, in patient-derived organoids, DON responsiveness is inversely correlated with ASNS expression, a feature that is not observed for other metabolic enzymes targeted by DON. We find that treatment with L-asparaginase (ASNase), an enzyme that catabolizes free Asn, synergizes with DON to impact the viability of PDAC cells. Finally, we identify that a combination therapy of DON and ASNase has a significant impact on metastasis. These results shed light on the mechanisms that drive the effects of glutamine mimicry and point to the utility of co-targeting adaptive responses to control PDAC progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Recouvreux, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galapate, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grenier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esparza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naeem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Commisso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.31.514261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamine mimicry suppresses tumor progression through asparagine metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cholinergic modulation supports DMN suppression during resting state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain activity during the resting state is widely used to examine brain organization, cognition and alterations in disease states. While it is known that neuromodulation and the state of alertness impact resting-state activity, neural mechanisms behind such modulation of resting-state activity are unknown. In this work, we used a computational model to demonstrate that change in excitability and recurrent connections, due to cholinergic modulation, impacts resting-state activity. The results of such modulation in the model match closely with experimental work on direct cholinergic modulation of Default Mode Network (DMN) in rodents. We further extended our study to the human connectome derived from diffusion-weighted MRI. In human resting-state simulations, an increase in cholinergic input resulted in a brain-wide reduction of functional connectivity. Furthermore, selective cholinergic modulation of DMN closely captured experimentally observed transitions between the baseline resting state and states with suppressed DMN fluctuations associated with attention to external tasks. Our study thus provides insight into potential neural mechanisms for the effects of cholinergic neuromodulation on resting-state activity and its dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hlinka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keliris, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cholinergic modulation supports DMN suppression during resting state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine-scale variability in coral bleaching and mortality during a marine heatwave 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coral bleaching and mortality can show significant spatial and taxonomic heterogeneity at local scales, highlighting the need to understand the fine-scale drivers and impacts of thermal stress. In this study, we used structure-from-motion photogrammetry to track coral bleaching, mortality, and changes in community composition during the 2019 marine heatwave in K[a]ne ohe Bay, Hawai i. We surveyed 30 shallow reef patches every 3 weeks for the duration of the bleaching event (August-December) and one year after, resulting in a total of 210 large-area, high-resolution photomosaics that enabled us to follow the fate of thousands of coral colonies through time. We also measured environmental variables such as temperature, sedimentation, depth, and wave velocity at each of these sites, and extracted estimates of habitat complexity (rugosity R and fractal dimension D) from digital elevation models to better understand their effects on patterns of bleaching and mortality. We found that up to 80% of corals experienced moderate to severe bleaching in this period, with peak bleaching occurring in October when heat stress (DHW) reached its maximum. Mortality continued to accumulate as bleaching levels dropped, driving large declines in more heat-susceptible species (77% loss of Pocillopora cover) and moderate declines in heat-tolerant species (19% and 23% for Porites compressa and Montipora capitata, respectively). Declines in live coral were accompanied by a rapid increase in algal cover across the survey sites. Spatial differences in bleaching were significantly linked to habitat complexity and coral species composition, with reefs that were dominated by Pocillopora experiencing the most severe bleaching. Mortality was also influenced by species composition, fractal dimension, and site-level differences in thermal stress. Our results show that spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of bleaching are driven by a mix of environmental variation, habitat complexity, and differences in assemblage composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yadav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roach, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliam, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caruso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha de Souza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilworth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huckeba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoro, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine-scale variability in coral bleaching and mortality during a marine heatwave]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic silencing by SMYD3 represses tumor intrinsic interferon response in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.515098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers often display immune escape, but the mechanisms and potential for reversibility are incompletely understood. Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in the immune escape of various cancer types. We have identified the epigenetic modifier SET and MYND-domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3) as a mediator of immune escape in human papilloma virus (HPV)- negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and low response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab, a programmed-death-1 (PD-1) targeting antibody. SMYD3 loss increased the sensitivity of HNSCC cancer cells to IFN-{beta}, resulting in upregulation of type I IFN response and antigen presentation machinery genes. We found that SMYD3 regulates the transcription of Ubiquitin-Like PHD And RING Finger Domain- Containing Protein 1 (UHRF1), a key epigenetic reader of trimethylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3), which binds to H3K9me3-enriched promoters of key immune-related genes and silences their expression. SMYD3 further maintains the repression of immune-related genes through the deposition of H4K20me3 within the gene body regions of these genes. In an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint resistant syngeneic mouse model of HPV-negative HNSCC, Smyd3 depletion induced influx of CD8+ T-cells, upregulated PD-L1 and MHC class I molecules, and increased sensitivity to anti-PD-1 therapy. SMYD3 overexpression was associated with decreased CD8 T-cell infiltration in tumor samples from patients with HPV-negative HNSCC, and was associated with poor response to pembrolizumab. Overall, these data highlight a previously unreported function of SMYD3 as a master epigenetic regulator of anti-tumor immune response in HPV-negative HNSCC and provide a rationale for translational approaches combining SMYD3 depletion strategies with checkpoint blockade to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in this devastating disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nigam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkitt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tettey, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingen, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sater, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edmondson, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevilla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeuchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uppaluri, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunwoo, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Waes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licht, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hager, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saloura, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic silencing by SMYD3 represses tumor intrinsic interferon response in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flexible, Scalable, High Channel Count Stereo-Electrode for Recording in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the past decade, stereotactically placed electrodes have become the gold standard for deep brain recording and stimulation for a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases. Current electrodes, however, are limited in their spatial resolution and ability to record from small populations of neurons, let alone individual neurons. Here, we report on a novel, reconfigurable, monolithically integrated human-grade flexible depth electrode capable of recording from up to 128 channels and able to record at a depth of 10 cm in brain tissue. This thin, stylet-guided depth electrode is capable of recording local field potentials and single unit neuronal activity (action potentials), validated across species. This device represents a major new advance in manufacturing and design approaches which extends the capabilities of a mainstay technology in clinical neurology.

One-Sentence SummaryA human-grade thin-film depth electrode offers new opportunities in spatial and temporal resolution for recording brain activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulk, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ro, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleary, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonsfeldt, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kfir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezaris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchoe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourhis, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vatsyayan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baohan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fried, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raslan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayeh, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.08.515705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flexible, Scalable, High Channel Count Stereo-Electrode for Recording in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental luminance impairs socio-sexual recognition memory through a succinct retina to supraoptic nucleus circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.08.515735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social memory between the same gender or even different gender is a complex and heavily modulated process in the nervous system. It is important for an individual to form social memory between the opposite sex to either increase mating opportunities with multiple partners or form monogamous pair bonding. Therefore, a specific neuronal circuit to regulate social sexual memory may enhance the mating opportunity for an individual. It has been shown that both the auditory and somatosensory systems could increase the activity of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus to regulate social behaviors. Although light exposure could influence various forms of memory, such as fear and object memory, how luminance signals modulate social recognition memory remains unclear. Here, we show that acute light exposure could impair the socio-sexual recognition memory (SSRM) in male mice. Contrary to sound and touch, light stimulation could inhibit oxytocin neurons in the SON (SONOT) through M1 SON-projecting ipRGCs and GABAergic neurons in the peri-SON (pSONGABA). Optogenetic activation of SONOT neurons with channelrhodopsin is sufficient to enhance the SSRM performance in male mice, even under light conditions. Our results show that the visual system could modulate SSRM through a succinct ipRGCs-pSONGABA-SONOT neuronal circuitry. Together, we demonstrate a dedicated neuronal circuit of how luminance affects memory formation for an individual toward different sex through the oxytocin system, a powerful modulatory neurohormone in the central nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.08.515735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental luminance impairs socio-sexual recognition memory through a succinct retina to supraoptic nucleus circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.11.516224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inflammation-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticles from Degradable Polyphosphoramidates for Targeted Delivery to Myocardial Infarction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.11.516224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanoparticles that undergo a localized morphology change to target areas of inflammation have been previously developed but are limited by their lack of biodegradability. In this paper, we describe a low ring strain cyclic olefin monomer, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenoxy-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphepine 2-oxide (MePTDO), that rapidly polymerizes via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) at room temperature to generate well-defined degradable polyphosphoramidates with high monomer conversion (>84%). Efficient MePTDO copolymerizations with norbornene-based monomers are demonstrated, including a norbornenyl monomer functionalized with a peptide substrate for inflammation-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The resulting amphiphilic peptide brush copolymers self-assembled in aqueous solution to generate micellar nanoparticles (30 nm in diameter) which exhibit excellent cyto- and hemocompatibility and undergo MMP-induced assembly into micron scale aggregates. As MMPs are upregulated in the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI), the MMP-responsive micelles were applied to target and accumulate in the infarcted heart following intravenous administration in a rat model of MI. These particles displayed a distinct biodistribution and clearance pattern in comparison to non-degradable analogues. Specifically, accumulation at the site of MI, competed with elimination predominantly through the kidney rather than the liver. Together, these results suggest this as a promising new biodegradable platform for inflammation targeted delivery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korpanty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthington, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianneschi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.11.516224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inflammation-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticles from Degradable Polyphosphoramidates for Targeted Delivery to Myocardial Infarction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.12.516288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ants promote fungus garden hygiene using Trichoderma-derived metabolite cues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.12.516288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fungus-growing ants depend on a fungal mutualist that can fall prey to fungal pathogens. This mutualist is cultivated by these ants in structures called fungus gardens. Ants exhibit weeding behaviors that keep their fungus gardens healthy by physically removing compromised pieces. However, how ants detect diseases of their fungus gardens is unknown. Here, we applied the logic of Kochs postulates using environmental fungal community gene sequencing, fungal isolation, and laboratory infection experiments to establish Trichoderma spp. as previously unrecognized pathogens of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis fungus gardens. Our environmental data showed that Trichoderma are the most abundant non-cultivar fungi in wild T. septentrionalis fungus gardens. We further determined that metabolites produced by Trichoderma induce an ant weeding response that mirrors their response to live Trichoderma. Combining ant behavioral experiments with bioactivity-guided fractionation and statistical prioritization of metabolites in Trichoderma extracts demonstrated that T. septentrionalis ants weed in response to peptaibols, a specific class of secondary metabolites known to be produced by Trichoderma fungi. Similar assays conducted using purified peptaibols, including the two new peptaibols trichokindins VIII and IX, suggested that weeding is likely induced by peptaibols as a class rather than by a single peptaibol metabolite. In addition to their presence in laboratory experiments, we detected peptaibols in wild fungus gardens. Our combination of environmental data and laboratory infection experiments strongly support that peptaibols act as chemical cues of Trichoderma pathogenesis in T. septentrionalis fungus gardens.

Significance StatementAn extended defense response may exist in any relationship where one partner benefits from defending a mutualistic partner. Such a response is observed in the fungus-growing ant symbiosis, where ants must identify and remove pathogens of their symbiotic fungus gardens. Here we describe the fungal pathogen Trichoderma and its associated metabolites, which induce Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ant weeding behavior. Ants removed fungus garden pieces inoculated with Trichoderma spores or peptaibol-rich Trichoderma extracts, and peptaibols as a class cued ant defensive behavior, allowing T. septentrionalis to differentiate healthy from diseased fungus gardens. Extended defense responses mediated by chemical cues may be underappreciated mechanisms that structure symbiotic interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kyle, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puckett, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera Chavez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samples, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earp, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raja, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberlies, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klassen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balunas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.12.516288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ants promote fungus garden hygiene using Trichoderma-derived metabolite cues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.513575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Src and Abl family kinases activate the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase to maximize phagocytosis and Leishmania infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.513575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leishmania spp. are obligate intracellular parasites that must be internalized by phagocytic cells to evade immune responses and cause disease. The uptake of both Leishmania promastigotes (insect-stage parasites) and amastigotes (proliferative stage parasites in humans and mice) by phagocytes is thought to be mainly host cell-driven, not parasite-driven. Our previous work indicates that host Src and Abl family kinases facilitate Leishmania entry into macrophages and pathogenesis in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here we demonstrate that host spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is required for efficient uptake of Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes. A Src family kinase-Abl family kinase-SYK signaling cascade induces Leishmania amastigote internalization. Finally, lesion size and parasite burden during Leishmania infection is significantly decreased in mice lacking SYK in monocytes or by treatment with the SYK inhibitor entospletinib. In summary, SYK is required for maximal Leishmania uptake by macrophages and disease in mice. Our results suggest potential for treating leishmaniasis using host cell-directed agents.

SUMMARY STATEMENTActivation of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase by Src and Abl family kinases is required for maximal Leishmania uptake by macrophages and disease in a mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ullah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrie, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kernen, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamula, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booshehri, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradford, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wetzel, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.513575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Src and Abl family kinases activate the Spleen Tyrosine Kinase to maximize phagocytosis and Leishmania infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.515741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of cell proliferation by memories of mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.515741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitotic duration is tightly constrained, with extended mitotic duration being a characteristic of potentially problematic cells prone to chromosome missegregation and genomic instability. We show that memories of mitotic duration are integrated by a p53-based mitotic stopwatch pathway to exert tight control over proliferation. The stopwatch halts proliferation of the products of a single significantly extended mitosis or of successive modestly extended mitoses. Time in mitosis is monitored via mitotic kinase-regulated assembly of stopwatch complexes that are transmitted to daughter cells. The stopwatch is inactivated in p53-mutant cancers, as well as in a significant proportion of p53-wildtype cancers, consistent with classification of stopwatch complex subunits as tumor suppressors. Stopwatch status additionally influences efficacy of anti-mitotic agents currently used or in development for cancer therapy.

One-Sentence SummaryTime spent in mitosis is carefully monitored to halt the proliferation of potentially dangerous cells in a population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiau, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.515741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of cell proliferation by memories of mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversified repertoire of phage defenses in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Bi-directional steering effects impacting antibiotic susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is rising as a promising anti-infective option to combat antimicrobial resistance; however, its clinical utilization is severely hindered by the potential emergence of phage resistance. Fortunately, certain phage resistance mechanisms can restore bacterial antibiotic susceptibility, making the combination of phages with antibiotics a potential strategic approach. Here, we demonstrated that phage resistance can also lead to increased antibiotic resistance and provided mechanistic insights into bacterial phage defense mechanisms. We discovered a repertoire of phage resistance mechanisms in Klebsiella pneumoniae, including the disruption of phage binding site (fhuA::Tn and tonB::Tn), extension of phage latent period (mnmE::Tn and rpoN::Tn) and increased mutation frequency (mutS::Tn and mutL::Tn). Different from the prevailing view that phage resistance re-sensitizes antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we revealed a bidirectional steering effect on the bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Specifically, it was uncovered that, while rpoN::Tn became more susceptible to colistin, mutS::Tn and mutL::Tn caused increased resistance to rifampicin and colistin. Our findings highlight the diversified strategies utilized by K. pneumoniae to overcome phage infection and the parallel effect on the antibiotic susceptibility. Mechanism-guided phage steering represents a rational strategy that should be incorporated into phage therapy to better inform clinical decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nang, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wickremasinghe, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azad, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergen, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velkov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howden, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversified repertoire of phage defenses in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Bi-directional steering effects impacting antibiotic susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dynamic epibiont community associated with the bone eating worm Osedax 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osedax, the deep-sea annelid found at sunken whalefalls, is known to host Oceanospirillales bacterial endosymbionts intracellularly in specialized roots, that help it feed exclusively on vertebrate bones. Past studies, however, have also made mention of external bacteria on their trunks. During a 14-year study, we reveal a dynamic, yet persistent, succession of Campylobacterales integrated into the epidermis of Osedax, that change over time as the whale carcass degrades on the sea floor. The Campylobacterales associated with seven species of Osedax, which comprise 67% of the bacterial community on the trunk, are initially dominated by the genus Arcobacter (at early time points < 24 months), the Sulfurospirillum at intermediate stages (~ 50 months), and the Sulfurimonas at later stages (>140 months) of whale carcass decomposition. Metagenome analysis of the epibiont metabolic capabilities suggests a transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy along the successional gradient, and differences in their capacity to metabolize oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Compared to free living relatives, the Osedax epibionts were highly enriched in transposable elements, implicating genetic exchange on the host surface, and contained numerous secretions systems with eukaryotic-like protein domains, suggesting a long evolutionary history with these enigmatic, yet widely distributed deep-sea worms
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goffredi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panossian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brzechffa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moggioli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Duran, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dynamic epibiont community associated with the bone eating worm Osedax]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.515599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome sequencing of 2,023 colorectal cancers reveals mutational landscapes, new driver genes and immune interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.515599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To characterise the somatic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC), we conducted whole-genome sequencing analysis of 2,023 tumours. We provide the most detailed high-resolution map to date of somatic mutations in CRC, and demonstrate associations with clinicopathological features, in particular location in the large bowel. We refined the mutational processes and signatures acting in colorectal tumorigenesis. In analyses across the sample set or restricted to molecular subtypes, we identified 185 CRC driver genes, of which 117 were previously unreported. New drivers acted in various molecular pathways, including Wnt (CTNND1, AXIN1, TCF3), TGF-{beta}/BMP (TGFBR1) and MAP kinase (RASGRF1, RASA1, RAF1, and several MAP2K and MAP3K loci). Non-coding drivers included intronic neo-splice site alterations in APC and SMAD4. Whilst there was evidence of an excess of mutations in functionally active regions of the non-coding genome, no specific drivers were called with high confidence. Novel recurrent copy number changes included deletions of PIK3R1 and PWRN1, as well as amplification of CCND3 and NEDD9. Putative driver structural variants included BRD4 and SOX9 regulatory elements, and ACVR2A and ANKRD11 hotspot deletions. The frequencies of many driver mutations, including somatic Wnt and Ras pathway variants, showed a gradient along the colorectum. The Pks-pathogenic E. coli signature and TP53 mutations were primarily associated with rectal cancer. A set of unreported immune escape driver genes was found, primarily in hypermutated CRCs, most of which showed evidence of genetic evasion of the anti-cancer immune response. About 25% of cancers had a potentially actionable mutation for a known therapy. Thirty-three of the new driver genes were predicted to be essential, 17 possessed a druggable structure, and nine had a bioactive compound available. Our findings provide further insight into the genetics and biology of CRC, especially tumour subtypes defined by genomic instability or clinicopathological features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cornish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinnersley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chubb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frangou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caravagna, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noyvert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakatos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnedo-Pac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culliford, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Househam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni Leathlobhair, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Tajes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapata, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murugaesu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosinsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Bigas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quirke, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sottoriva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houlston, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.515599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome sequencing of 2,023 colorectal cancers reveals mutational landscapes, new driver genes and immune interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.25.517123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BDNF and TRiC-inspired Reagents Rescue Cortical Synaptic Deficits in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.25.517123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) results from a CAG repeat expansion in the gene for Huntington (HTT) resulting in expansion of the polyglutamine (Q) tract in the mutant protein (mHTT). Synaptic changes are early manifestations of neuronal dysfunction in HD. However, the mechanism(s) by which mHTT impacts synapse formation and function is not well defined. Herein we explored HD pathogenesis in the BACHD and the {Delta}N17-BACHD mouse models of HD by examining cortical synapse formation and function in primary cultures maintained for up to 35 days (DIV35). We identified synapses by immunostaining with antibodies against pre-synaptic (Synapsin 1) and a post-synaptic (PSD95) marker. Consistent with earlier studies, cortical neurons from both WT and the HD models began to form synapses at DIV14; at this age there were no genotypic differences in synapse numbers. However, from DIV21 through DIV35 BACHD neurons showed progressively smaller numbers of synapses relative to WT neurons. Remarkably, BACHD synaptic deficits were completely rescued by treating cultures with BDNF. Building on earlier studies using reagents inspired by the chaperonin TRiC, we found that addition of the recombinant apical domain of CCT1 partially rescued synapse number. Unexpectedly, unlike BACHD cultures, synapses in {Delta}N17-BACHD cultures showed a progressive increase in number as compared to WT neurons, thus distinguishing synaptic changes in these HD models. Using multielectrode arrays, we discovered age-related functional deficits in BACHD cortical cultures with significant differences present by DIV28. As for synapse number, BDNF treatment prevented most synaptic deficits, including mean firing rate, spikes per burst, inter-burst interval, and synchrony. The apical domain of CCT1 showed similar, albeit less potent effects. These data are evidence that deficits in HD synapse number and function can be replicated in vitro and that treatment with either BDNF or a TRiC-inspired reagent can prevent them. Our findings support the use of cellular models to further explicate HD pathogenesis and its treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith-Geater, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmona, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnstone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacon-Brenes, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleczko, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frydman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.25.517123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BDNF and TRiC-inspired Reagents Rescue Cortical Synaptic Deficits in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue- and sex-specific DNA damage tracks aging in rodents and humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA damage causes genomic instability underlying many human diseases. Traditional approaches to DNA damage analysis provide minimal insights into the spectrum of disease-driving DNA lesions and the mechanisms causing imbalances in damage formation and repair. Here we used untargeted mass spectrometry-based adductomics1 to discover 114 putative DNA lesions and modifications consistently detected in humans and two independent analyses in rats, showing species-, tissue-, age-, and sex-biases. As evidence of methodologic rigor, 10 selected adductomic signals were structurally validated as epigenetic marks: 5-MdC, 5-HMdC, 5-FdC; DNA damage products: N2-CMdG, 1,N6 {varepsilon}-dA, 3,N4-{varepsilon}dC, M1dG, O6/N2-MdG, and 8-Oxo-dG; and established analytical artifacts: cyclobutane dimers of 2-deoxycytosine. With steady-state levels of putative DNA adducts integrating multiple cell types in each tissue, there was strong age-dependent variation for many putative adducts, including N2-CMdG, 5-HMdC, and 8-Oxo-dG in rats and 1,N6 {varepsilon}-dA in human heart, as well as sex biases for 67 putative adducts in rat tissues. These results demonstrate the potential of untargeted adductomic analysis for defining DNA adducts as disease determinants, assigning substrates to DNA repair pathways, discovering new metabolically-driven DNA lesions, and quantifying inter-individual variation in DNA damage and repair across populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guilbaud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghanegolmohammadi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreymerman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamboa Varela, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elwell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci-Blair, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balamkundu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidoudez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMott, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulies, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedon, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.28.518087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue- and sex-specific DNA damage tracks aging in rodents and humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.29.518186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent biosensors enable to study cell physiology with spatiotemporal resolution, yet most biosensors suffer from relatively low dynamic ranges. Here, we introduce a family of designed Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) pairs with near quantitative FRET efficiencies based on the reversible interaction of fluorescent proteins with a fluorescently labeled HaloTag. These FRET pairs enabled the straightforward design of biosensors for calcium, ATP and NAD+ with unprecedented dynamic ranges. The color of each of these biosensors can be readily tuned by either changing the fluorescent protein or the synthetic fluorophore, which enabled to monitor simultaneously free NAD+ in different subcellular compartments upon genotoxic stress. Minimal modifications furthermore allow the readout of these biosensors to be switched to fluorescence intensity, lifetime or bioluminescence. These FRET pairs thus establish a new concept for the development of highly sensitive and tunable biosensors.

Graphical abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hellweg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenhofer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barck, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huppertz, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarnawski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiblot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.29.518186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenomic complexity of the human brain revealed by single-cell DNA methylomes and 3D genome structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delineating the gene regulatory programs underlying complex cell types is fundamental for understanding brain functions in health and disease. Here, we comprehensively examine human brain cell epigenomes by probing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation at single-cell resolution in over 500,000 cells from 46 brain regions. We identified 188 cell types and characterized their molecular signatures. Integrative analyses revealed concordant changes in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization, and gene expression across cell types, cortical areas, and basal ganglia structures. With these resources, we developed scMCodes that reliably predict brain cell types using their methylation status at select genomic sites. This multimodal epigenomic brain cell atlas provides new insights into the complexity of cell type-specific gene regulation in the adult human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valadon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldridge, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siletti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claffey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanny, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyhus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casper, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapovalova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnarsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.30.518285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenomic complexity of the human brain revealed by single-cell DNA methylomes and 3D genome structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hexokinase 2 localizes to the nucleus in response to glucose limitation but does not regulate gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose is the preferred carbon source for most eukaryotes, and the first step in its metabolism is phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by a family of enzymes called either hexokinases or glucokinases depending on their substrate specificity. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes three such enzymes, Hxk1, Hxk2 and Glk1. In yeast and mammals, some isoforms of this enzyme are found in the nucleus, suggesting a possible moonlighting function beyond glucose phosphorylation. In contrast to mammalian hexokinases, the yeast Hxk2 enzyme has been proposed to shuttle into the nucleus in glucose replete conditions where it reportedly moonlights as part of a glucose-repressive transcriptional complex. To achieve this role in glucose repression, Hxk2 reportedly binds the Mig1 transcriptional repressor, is dephosphorylated at serine 15 in its N-terminus, and requires an N-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS).

In this study, we use high-resolution, quantitative, fluorescent microscopy of live cells to determine the conditions, residues, and regulatory proteins required for Hxk2 nuclear localization. In direct contradiction to previous yeast studies, our quantitative imaging demonstrates that Hxk2 is largely excluded from the nucleus under glucose replete conditions but is retained in the nucleus under glucose limiting conditions. Our data show that the Hxk2 N-terminus does not contain an NLS but instead comprises sequences necessary for nuclear exclusion and multimerization regulation. Amino acid substitutions of the phosphorylated residue, serine 15, disrupt Hxk2 dimerization but have no effect on its glucose-regulated nuclear localization. Substitution of alanine at the nearby residue, lysine 13, affects both dimerization and maintenance of nuclear exclusion under glucose replete conditions. Modeling and simulation provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of this regulation. In marked contrast to earlier studies, we find that the transcriptional repressor Mig1 and the protein kinase Snf1 have little effect on Hxk2 localization. Instead, the protein kinase Tda1 is a key regulator of Hxk2 localization.

Finally, RNAseq analyses of the yeast transcriptome further dispel the idea that Hxk2 moonlights as a transcriptional repressor, demonstrating that Hxk2 has a negligible role in transcriptional regulation in both glucose replete and limiting conditions. Taken together, our studies provide a paradigm shift for the conditions, residues, and regulators controlling Hxk2 dimerization and nuclear localization. Based on our data, the nuclear translocation of Hxk2 in yeast occurs in glucose starvation conditions, a finding that aligns well with the nuclear regulation of mammalian orthologs of this enzyme. Our findings lay the foundation for future studies of Hxk2 nuclear activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lesko, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekarappa, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordahl, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppenheimer, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durrant, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.30.518474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hexokinase 2 localizes to the nucleus in response to glucose limitation but does not regulate gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guidelines for extracting biologically relevant context-specific metabolic models using gene expression data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.519052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale metabolic models comprehensively describe an organisms metabolism and can be tailored using omics data to model condition-specific physiology. The quality of context-specific models is impacted by (i) choice of algorithm and parameters and (ii) alternate context-specific models that equally explain the -omics data. Here we quantify the influence of alternate optima on microbial and mammalian model extraction using GIMME, iMAT, MBA, and mCADRE. We find that metabolic tasks defining an organisms phenotype must be explicitly and quantitatively protected. The scope of alternate models is strongly influenced by algorithm choice and the topological properties of the parent genome-scale model with fatty acid metabolism and intracellular metabolite transport contributing much to alternate solutions in all models. mCADRE extracted the most reproducible context-specific models and models generated using MBA had the most alternate solutions. There were fewer qualitatively different solutions generated by GIMME in E. coli, but these increased substantially in the mammalian models. Screening ensembles using a receiver operating characteristic plot identified the best-performing models. A comprehensive evaluation of models extracted using combinations of extraction methods and expression thresholds revealed that GIMME generated the best-performing models in E. coli, whereas mCADRE is better suited for complex mammalian models. These findings suggest guidelines for benchmarking -omics integration algorithms and motivate the development of a systematic workflow to enumerate alternate models and extract biologically relevant context-specific models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valderrama Gomez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Icten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolandi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontoravdi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.519052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guidelines for extracting biologically relevant context-specific metabolic models using gene expression data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.518627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aβ-CT affective touch: Touch pleasantness ratings for gentle stroking and deep pressure exhibit dependence on A-fibers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.518627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gentle stroking of the skin is a common social touch behavior with positive affective consequences. A preference for slow versus fast stroking of hairy skin has been closely linked to the firing of unmyelinated C-tactile (CT) somatosensory afferents. Because the firing of CT afferents strongly correlates with touch pleasantness, the CT pathway has been considered a social-affective sensory pathway. Recently, ablation of the spinothalamic pathway-thought to convey all C-fiber sensations-in patients with cancer pain impaired pain, temperature, and itch, but not ratings of pleasant touch. This suggested integration of A and CT fiber input in the spinal cord, or A-fiber contributions to computations of touch pleasantness in the brain. However, the causal contribution of A-fibers to touch pleasantness- in humans without pain-remains unknown. In the current, single-blinded study we performed two types of peripheral nerve blocks in healthy adults to temporarily eliminate the contribution of A-fibers to touch perception. Our findings show that when A-fiber function is greatly diminished, the perceived intensity and pleasantness of both gentle stroking and deep pressure are nearly abolished. These findings demonstrate that explicit perception of the pleasantness of CT-targeted brushing and pressure both critically depend on A-fibers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Case, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liljencrantz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alasha, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.518627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aβ-CT affective touch: Touch pleasantness ratings for gentle stroking and deep pressure exhibit dependence on A-fibers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SpLitteR: Diploid genome assembly using linked TELL-Seq reads and assembly graphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRecent advances in long-read sequencing technologies enabled accurate and contiguous de novo assemblies of large genomes and metagenomes. However, even long and accurate high-fidelity (HiFi) reads do not resolve repeats that are longer than the read lengths. This limitation negatively affects the contiguity of diploid genome assemblies since two haplomes share many long identical regions. To generate the telomere-to-telomere assemblies of diploid genomes, biologists now construct their HiFi-based phased assemblies and use additional experimental technologies to transform them into more contiguous diploid assemblies. The barcoded linked-reads, generated using an inexpensive TELL-Seq technology, provide an attractive way to bridge unresolved repeats in phased assemblies of diploid genomes.

ResultsWe developed SpLitteR tool for diploid genome assembly using linked-reads and assembly graphs and benchmarked it against state-of-the-art linked-read scaffolders ARKS and SLR-superscaffolder using human HG002 genome and sheep gut microbiome datasets. The benchmark showed that SpLitteR scaffolding results in 1.5-fold increase in NGA50 compared to baseline LJA assembly and other scaffolders while introducing no additional misassemblies on the human dataset.

ConclusionWe developed the SpLitteR tool for haplotype phasing and scaffolding in an assembly graph using barcoded linked-reads. We benchmarked SpLitteR on assembly graphs produced by various long-read assemblers and have shown how TELL-Seq reads facilitate phasing and scaffolding in these graphs. This benchmarking demonstrates that SpLitteR improves upon the state-of-the-art linked-read scaffolders in the accuracy and contiguity metrics. SpLitteR is implemented in C++ as a part of the freely available SPAdes package and is available at https://github.com/ablab/spades/releases/tag/splitter-preprint.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tolstoganov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korobeynikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SpLitteR: Diploid genome assembly using linked TELL-Seq reads and assembly graphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context-dependent functions of mitochondria protein quality control in lung 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aside from its role as the universal energy source of the cell, mitochondria also control many aspects of cell behavior. In an intact tissue, whether all cells require mitochondria function to the same extent, and how mitochondria insufficiency impacts cell behavior are poorly understood. Here we show that in the mouse lung epithelium, inactivation of LONP1, an energy ATP-dependent protease that functions in the mitochondria to degrade unfolded and misfolded proteins, led to mitochondria deficiency. In the naive epithelium of the developing lung, loss of Lonp1 obliterated cell proliferation and differentiation. In the adult airway epithelium during homeostasis, loss of Lonp1 led to selective death of terminally differentiated multiciliated cells, leading to a cascade of progenitor activation to replace lost cells. In the adult airway epithelium following influenza infection, loss of Lonp1 led to failure of airway progenitor migration into the damaged alveolar region. Bulk and single cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that one branch of the ER stress pathways, namely integrated stress response (ISR), is ectopically upregulated in mutants under all three conditions. Inactivation of core ISR transcription factor ATF4 in the Lonp1 mutant airway reversed abovementioned phenotypes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that depending on a cellular context, intact mitochondria function is required in either progenitor or progeny cells, and is essential for cell proliferation, survival or migration in the mammalian lung.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talaba, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context-dependent functions of mitochondria protein quality control in lung]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of Nuclear Transcription by Mitochondrial RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) form a relatively poorly recognized layer of the epigenome. The caRNAs reported to date are transcribed from the nuclear genome. Here, leveraging a recently developed assay for detection of caRNAs and their genomic association, we report that mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs) are attached to the nuclear genome and constitute a subset of caRNA, which we termed mt-caRNA. In four human cell types analyzed, mt-caRNAs preferentially attach to promoter regions. In human endothelial cells (ECs), the level of mt-caRNA-promoter attachment changes in response to environmental stress that mimics diabetes. Suppression of a non-coding mt-caRNA in ECs attenuates stress-induced nascent RNA transcription from the nuclear genome, including that of critical genes regulating cell adhesion, and abolishes stress-induced monocyte adhesion, a hallmark of dysfunctional ECs. Finally, we report increased nuclear localization of multiple mtRNAs in the ECs of human diabetic donors, suggesting many mtRNA translocate to the nucleus in a cell stress and disease-dependent manner. These data nominate mt-caRNAs as messenger molecules responsible for mitochondrial-nuclear communication and connect the immediate product of mitochondrial transcription with the transcriptional regulation of the nuclear genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sriram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhi, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priceman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of Nuclear Transcription by Mitochondrial RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Focused ultrasound-mediated brain genome editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene editing in the mammalian brain has been challenging because of the restricted transport imposed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Current approaches rely on local injection to bypass the BBB. However, such administration is highly invasive and not amenable to treating certain delicate regions of the brain. We demonstrate a safe and effective gene editing technique by using focused ultrasound (FUS) to transiently open the BBB for the transport of intravenously delivered CRISPR/Cas9 machinery to the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lao, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snow, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saville, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quek, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaitan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bechtel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konofagou, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Focused ultrasound-mediated brain genome editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bulk and Mosaic Deletions of Egfr Reveal Regionally Defined Gliogenesis in the Developing Mouse Forebrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation during healthy development and tumor growth, however its requirement for brain development remains unclear. Here we used a conditional mouse allele for Egfr to examine its contributions to perinatal forebrain development at the tissue level. Subtractive bulk ventral and dorsal forebrain deletions of Egfr uncovered significant and permanent decreases in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in the cortex and corpus callosum. Additionally, an increase in astrogenesis or reactive astrocytes in effected regions was evident in response to cortical scarring. Sparse deletion using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers (MADM) surprisingly revealed a regional requirement for EGFR in rostrodorsal, but not ventrocaudal glial lineages including both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The EGFR-independent ventral glial progenitors may compensate for the missing EGFR-dependent dorsal glia in the bulk Egfr-deleted forebrain, potentially exposing a regenerative population of gliogenic progenitors in the mouse forebrain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horowitz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennicke, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Threadgill, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliscu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldham, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghashghaei, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bulk and Mosaic Deletions of Egfr Reveal Regionally Defined Gliogenesis in the Developing Mouse Forebrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stathmin-2 loss leads to neurofilament-dependent axonal collapse driving motor and sensory denervation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human mRNA most affected by TDP-43 loss-of-function is transcribed from the STMN2 gene and encodes stathmin-2 (also known as SCG10), whose loss is a neurodegenerative disease hallmark. Here using multiple in vivo approaches, including transient antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated suppression, chronic shRNA-mediated depletion in aging mice, and germline deletion, we establish stathmin-2 to be essential for acquisition and maintenance of neurofilament-dependent structuring of axoplasm critical for maintaining diameter and conduction velocity of large-myelinated axons. Sustained stathmin-2 loss from an otherwise mature adult nervous system is demonstrated over a time course of eight months to initiate and drive motor neuron disease that includes 1) shrinkage in inter-neurofilament spacing that is required to produce a three-dimensional space filling array that defines axonal caliber, 2) collapse of mature axonal caliber with tearing of outer myelin layers, 3) reduced conduction velocity, 4) progressive motor and sensory deficits (including reduction of the pain transducing neuropeptide CGRP), and 5) muscle denervation. Demonstration that chronic stathmin-2 reduction is itself sufficient to trigger motor neuron disease reinforces restoration of stathmin-2 as an attractive therapeutic approach for TDP-43-dependent neurodegeneration, including the fatal adult motor neuron disease ALS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Erauskin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo-Hernandez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baughn, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melamed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agra de Almeida Quadros, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuberi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platoshyn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nino-Jara, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndayambaje, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold-Garcia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlonis-Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artates, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafar-nejad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsala, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagier-Tourenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.11.519794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stathmin-2 loss leads to neurofilament-dependent axonal collapse driving motor and sensory denervation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Confusion will be my epitaph: Genome-scale discordance stifles phylogenetic resolution of Holothuroidea 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.519962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) are a diverse clade of echinoderms found from intertidal waters to the bottom of the deepest trenches. Their reduced skeletons and limited number of phylogenetically-informative traits have long obfuscated morphological classifications. Sanger-sequenced molecular datasets have also failed to constrain the position of major lineages. Noteworthy, topological uncertainty has hindered a resolution for Neoholothuriida, a highly diverse clade of Permo-Triassic age. We perform the first phylogenomic analysis of Holothuroidea, combining existing datasets with twelve novel transcriptomes. Using a highly-curated dataset of 1,100 orthologues, our efforts recapitulate previous results, struggling to resolve interrelationships among neoholothuriid clades. Three approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction (concatenation under both site-homogeneous and site-heterogeneous models, and coalescent-aware inference) result in alternative resolutions, all of which are recovered with strong support, and across a range of datasets filtered for phylogenetic usefulness. We explore this intriguing result using gene-wise log-likelihood scores, and attempt to correlate these with a large set of gene properties. While presenting novel ways of exploring and visualizing support for alternative trees, we are unable to discover significant predictors of topological preference, and our efforts fail to favor one topology. Neoholothuriid genomes seem to retain an amalgam of signals derived from multiple phylogenetic histories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongiardino Koch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.11.519962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Confusion will be my epitaph: Genome-scale discordance stifles phylogenetic resolution of Holothuroidea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Density Domain-Focused CRISPR Screens Reveal Epigenetic Regulators of HOX/MEIS Gene Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant expression of stem-cell-associated genes is a common feature in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is linked to leukemic self-renewal and therapy resistance. Using AF10-rearranged leukemia as a prototypical example displaying a recurrent "stemness" network activated in AML, we screened for chromatin regulators that sustain aberrant activation of these networks. We deployed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen with a bespoke domain-focused library and identified several novel chromatin-modifying complexes as regulators of the TALE domain transcription factor MEIS1, a key leukemia stem cell (LSC)-associated gene. CRISPR droplet sequencing revealed that many of these MEIS1 regulators coordinately controlled the transcription of several AML oncogenes. In particular, we identified a novel role for the Tudor-domain containing chromatin reader protein SGF29 in the transcription of key AML oncogenes. Furthermore, SGF29 deletion impaired leukemogenesis in models representative of multiple AML subtypes. Our studies reveal a novel role for SGF29 as a non-oncogenic dependency in AML and identify the SGF29 Tudor domain as an attractive target for drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perales, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schischlik, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doench, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphries, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.519332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Density Domain-Focused CRISPR Screens Reveal Epigenetic Regulators of HOX/MEIS Gene Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal Imaging-Based Classification of PTSD Using Data-Driven Computational Approaches: A Multisite Big Data Study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCurrent clinical assessments of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rely solely on subjective symptoms and experiences reported by the patient, rather than objective biomarkers of the illness. Recent advances in data-driven computational approaches have been helpful in devising tools to objectively diagnose psychiatric disorders. Here we aimed to classify individuals with PTSD versus controls using heterogeneous brain datasets from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working group.

MethodsWe analyzed brain MRI data from 3,527 structural-MRI; 2,502 resting state-fMRI; and 1,953 diffusion-MRI. First, we identified the brain features that best distinguish individuals with PTSD from controls (TEHC and HC) using traditional machine learning methods. Second, we assessed the utility of the denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) and evaluated its classification performance. Third, we assessed the generalizability and reproducibility of both models using leave-one-site-out cross-validation procedure for each modality.

ResultsWe found lower performance in classifying PTSD vs. controls with data from over 20 sites (60% test AUC for s-MRI, 59% for rs-fMRI and 56% for d-MRI), as compared to other studies run on single-site data. The performance increased when classifying PTSD from HC without trauma history across all three modalities (75% AUC). The classification performance remained intact when applying the DVAE framework, which reduced the number of features. Finally, we found that the DVAE framework achieved better generalization to unseen datasets compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks, albeit performance was slightly above chance.

ConclusionOur findings highlight the promise offered by machine learning methods for the diagnosis of patients with PTSD. The utility of brain biomarkers across three MRI modalities and the contribution of DVAE models for improving generalizability offers new insights into neural mechanisms involved in PTSD.

Significance Classifying PTSD from trauma-unexposed healthy controls (HC) using three imaging modalities performed well ([~]75% AUC), but performance suffered markedly when classifying PTSD from trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHC) using three imaging modalities ([~]60% AUC).
 Using deep learning for feature reduction (denoising variational auto-encoder; DVAE) dramatically reduced the number of features with no concomitant performance degradation.
 Utilizing denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) models improves generalizability across heterogeneous multi-site data compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdallah, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angstadt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Averill, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baugh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackford, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bomyea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotton, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBellis, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Densmore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>deRoon-Cassini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disner, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hage, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fercho, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forster, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geuze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonenc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grupe, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenette, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haswell, C. C</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.519838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal Imaging-Based Classification of PTSD Using Data-Driven Computational Approaches: A Multisite Big Data Study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic discovery of chemical probes that perturb protein complexes in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.520090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most human proteins lack chemical probes, and several large-scale and generalizable small-molecule binding assays have been introduced to address this problem. How compounds discovered in such "binding-first" assays affect protein function, nonetheless, often remains unclear. Here, we describe a "function-first" proteomic strategy that uses size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to assess the global impact of electrophilic compounds on protein complexes in human cells. Integrating the SEC data with cysteine-directed activity-based protein profiling identifies changes in protein-protein interactions that are caused by site-specific liganding events, including the stereoselective engagement of cysteines in PSME1 and SF3B1 that disrupt the PA28 proteasome regulatory complex and stabilize a dynamic state of the spliceosome, respectively. Our findings thus show how multidimensional proteomic analysis of focused libraries of electrophilic compounds can expedite the discovery of chemical probes with site-specific functional effects on protein complexes in human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lazear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remsberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMeester, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njomen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitby, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafroth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogasawara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanigan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartabedian, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhardt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dix, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teijaro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdel-Wahab, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melillo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cravatt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.520090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic discovery of chemical probes that perturb protein complexes in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurodegeneration Risk Factor, EIF2AK3 (PERK), Influences Tau Protein Aggregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.14.520487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases caused by pathologic misfolded tau protein aggregation in the nervous system. Population studies implicate EIF2AK3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3), better known as PERK (protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), as a genetic risk factor in several tauopathies. PERK is a key regulator of intracellular proteostatic mechanisms - Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Integrated Stress Response (ISR). Previous studies found that tauopathy-associated PERK variants encoded functional hypomorphs with reduced signaling in vitro. But, it remained unclear how altered PERK activity led to tauopathy. Here, we chemically or genetically modulated PERK signaling in cell culture models of tau aggregation and found that PERK pathway activation prevented tau aggregation while inhibition exacerbated tau aggregation. In primary tauopathy patient brain tissues, we found that reduced PERK signaling correlated with increased tau neuropathology. We found that tauopathy-associated PERK variants targeted the ER luminal domain; and two of these variants damaged hydrogen bond formation. Our studies support that PERK activity protects against tau aggregation and pathology. This may explain why people carrying hypomorphic PERK variants have increased risk for developing tauopathies. Finally, our studies identify small molecule augmentation of PERK signaling as an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat tauopathies by preventing tau pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chea, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safarta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiramatsu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurodegeneration Risk Factor, EIF2AK3 (PERK), Influences Tau Protein Aggregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.520435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome Regulation by PARP13 in Basal and Antiviral States in Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.520435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA-binding protein PARP13 is a primary factor in the innate antiviral response. PARP13 suppresses translation and drives decay of bound viral and host RNA. PARP13 interacts with many proteins encoded by interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) to activate antiviral pathways including post-translational addition of ISG15, or ISGylation. We performed enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) and RNA-seq in human cells to investigate PARP13s role in transcriptome regulation for both basal and antiviral states. We find that the antiviral response shifts PARP13 target localization but not its binding preferences and that PARP13 supports the expression of ISGylation-related genes, including PARP13s cofactor, TRIM25. We elucidate a transcriptome-wide periodicity of PARP13 binding around TRIM25 and show they associate in part via RNA-protein interactions. Taken together, our study implicates PARP13 in creating and maintaining a cellular environment poised for an antiviral response through limiting PARP13 translation, regulating access to distinct mRNA pools, and elevating ISGylation machinery expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Busa, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, A. K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.19.520435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome Regulation by PARP13 in Basal and Antiviral States in Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal development of category representations in ventral temporal cortex predicts word and face recognition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regions in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) that are involved in visual recognition of categories like words and faces, undergo differential development during childhood. However, categories are also represented in distributed responses across VTC. How do distributed category representations develop and relate to behavioral changes in recognition? Here, we used fMRI to longitudinally measure the development of distributed responses across VTC to 10 categories in school-age children over several years. Our results reveal both strengthening and weakening of category representations with age, which was mainly driven by changes across category-selective voxels. Representations became particularly more distinct for words in the left hemisphere and for faces bilaterally. Critically, distinctiveness for words and faces across category-selective voxels in left and right lateral VTC, respectively, predicted individual childrens word and face recognition performance. These results suggest that the development of distributed VTC representations has behavioral ramifications and advance our understanding of prolonged cortical development during childhood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nordt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natu, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezai, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kular, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grill-Spector, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal development of category representations in ventral temporal cortex predicts word and face recognition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HydRA: Deep-learning models for predicting RNA-binding capacity from protein interaction association context and protein sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control RNA metabolism to orchestrate gene expression, and dysfunctional RBPs underlie many human diseases. Proteome-wide discovery efforts predict thousands of novel RBPs, many of which lack canonical RNA-binding domains. Here, we present a hybrid ensemble RBP classifier (HydRA) that leverages information from both intermolecular protein interactions and internal protein sequence patterns to predict RNA-binding capacity with unparalleled specificity and sensitivity using support vector machine, convolutional neural networks and transformer-based protein language models. HydRA enables Occlusion Mapping to robustly detect known RNA-binding domains and to predict hundreds of uncharacterized RNA-binding domains. Enhanced CLIP validation for a diverse collection of RBP candidates reveals genome-wide targets and confirms RNA-binding activity for HydRA-predicted domains. The HydRA computational framework accelerates construction of a comprehensive RBP catalogue and expands the set of known RNA-binding protein domains.

HighlightsO_LIHydRA combines protein-protein interaction and amino acid sequence information to predict RNA binding activity for 1,487 candidate genes.
C_LIO_LIHydRA predicts RNA binding with higher specificity and sensitivity than current approaches, notably for RBPs without well-defined RNA-binding domains.
C_LIO_LIOcclusion Mapping with HydRA enables RNA-binding domain discovery.
C_LIO_LIEnhanced CLIP confirms HydRA RBP predictions with RNA-binding domain resolution.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannan, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapeli, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosztyla, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mujumdar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahdout, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henroid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HydRA: Deep-learning models for predicting RNA-binding capacity from protein interaction association context and protein sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A change in behavioral state switches the pattern of motor output that underlies rhythmic head and orofacial movements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.29.522264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The breathing rhythm serves as a reference that paces orofacial motor actions and orchestrates active sensing. Past work reports that pacing occurs solely at a fixed phase relative to sniffing. We reevaluated this constraint as a function of exploratory behavior. Allocentric and egocentric rotations of the head and the electromyogenic activity of the underlying motoneurons for head and orofacial movements were recorded in free-ranging rats as they searched for food. We found that a change in state from foraging to rearing is accompanied by a change in the phase of muscular activation relative to sniffing, so that pacing now occurs at one of two phases. Further, head-turning is biased such that an animal gathers a novel sample of its environment upon inhalation. In toto, the coordination of active sensing has a previously unrealized computational complexity that, in principle, can emerge from hindbrain circuits with fixed architecture and credible synaptic time-delays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.29.522264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A change in behavioral state switches the pattern of motor output that underlies rhythmic head and orofacial movements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.31.522386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of single-cell multiomic measurements across disease states with genetics identifies mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.31.522386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Altered function and gene regulation of pancreatic islet beta cells is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms driving T2D is still missing. Here we integrate information from measurements of chromatin activity, gene expression and function in single beta cells with genetic association data to identify disease-causal gene regulatory changes in T2D. Using machine learning on chromatin accessibility data from 34 non-diabetic, pre-T2D and T2D donors, we robustly identify two transcriptionally and functionally distinct beta cell subtypes that undergo an abundance shift in T2D. Subtype-defining active chromatin is enriched for T2D risk variants, suggesting a causal contribution of subtype identity to T2D. Both subtypes exhibit activation of a stress-response transcriptional program and functional impairment in T2D, which is likely induced by the T2D-associated metabolic environment. Our findings demonstrate the power of multimodal single-cell measurements combined with machine learning for identifying mechanisms of complex diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matta, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadakia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camunas-Soler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandeel, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preiss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.31.522386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of single-cell multiomic measurements across disease states with genetics identifies mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.02.522381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanically induced topological transition of spectrin regulates its distribution in the mammalian cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.02.522381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cell cortex is a dynamic assembly that ensures cell integrity during passive deformation or active response by adapting cytoskeleton topologies with poorly understood mechanisms. The spectrin meshwork ensures such adaptation in erythrocytes and neurons. Erythrocytes rely on triangular-like lattices of spectrin tetramers, which in neurons are organized in periodic arrays. We exploited Expansion Microscopy to discover that these two distinct topologies can co-exist in other mammalian cells such as fibroblasts. We show through biophysical measurements and computational modeling that spectrin provides coverage of the cortex and, with the intervention of actomyosin, erythroid-like lattices can dynamically transition into condensates resembling neuron-like periodic arrays fenced by actin stress fibers. Spectrin condensates experience lower mechanical stress and turnover despite displaying an extension close to the contour length of the tetramer. Our study sheds light on the adaptive properties of spectrin, which ensures protection of the cortex by undergoing mechanically induced topological transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghisleni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crestani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuzawa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.02.522381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanically induced topological transition of spectrin regulates its distribution in the mammalian cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiomics atlas-assisted discovery of transcription factors enables specific cell state programming. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD8+ T cells differentiate into diverse states that shape immune outcomes in cancer and chronic infection1-4. To systematically define the transcription factors (TFs) driving these states, we built a comprehensive atlas integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data across nine CD8+ T cell states and inferred TF activity profiles. Our analysis catalogued TF activity fingerprints, uncovering regulatory mechanisms governing selective cell state differentiation. Leveraging this platform, we focused on two transcriptionally similar but functionally opposing states critical in tumor and viral contexts: terminally exhausted T cells (TEXterm), which are dysfunctional5-8, and tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), which are protective9-13. Global TF community analysis revealed distinct biological pathways and TF-driven networks underlying protective versus dysfunctional states. Through in vivo CRISPR screening integrated with single-cell RNA sequencing (in vivo Perturb-seq), we delineated several TFs that selectively govern TEXterm differentiation. We also identified HIC1 and GFI1 as shared regulators of TEXterm and TRM differentiation and KLF6 as a unique regulator of TRM. Importantly, we discovered novel TEXterm- selective TFs, including ZSCAN20 and JDP2, with no prior known function in T cells. Targeted deletion of these TFs enhanced tumor control and synergized with immune checkpoint blockade but did not interfere with TRM formation. Consistently, their depletion in human T cells reduces the expression of inhibitory receptors and improves effector function. By decoupling exhaustion TEX-selective from protective TRM programs, our platform enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casillas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcdonald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varanasi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripple, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, U. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hargreaves, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiomics atlas-assisted discovery of transcription factors enables specific cell state programming.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence-to-sequence translation from mass spectra to peptides with a transformer model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental challenge for any mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiment is the identification of the peptide that generated each acquired tandem mass spectrum. Although approaches that leverage known peptide sequence databases are widely used and effective for well-characterized model organisms, such methods cannot detect unexpected peptides and can be impractical or impossible to apply in some settings. Thus, the ability to assign peptide sequences to the acquired tandem mass spectra without prior information--de novo peptide sequencing--is valuable for gaining biological insights for tasks including antibody sequencing, immunopeptidomics, and metaproteomics. Although many methods have been developed to address this de novo sequencing problem, it remains an outstanding challenge, in part due to the difficulty of modeling the irregular data structure of tandem mass spectra. Here, we describe Casanovo, a machine learning model that uses a transformer neural network architecture to translate the sequence of peaks in a tandem mass spectrum into the sequence of amino acids that comprise the generating peptide. We train a Casanovo model from 30 million labeled spectra and demonstrate that the model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods on a cross-species benchmark dataset. We also develop a version of Casanovo that is fine-tuned for non-enzymatic peptides. Finally, we demonstrate that Casanovos superior performance improves the analysis of immunopeptidomics and metaproteomics experiments and allows us to delve deeper into the dark proteome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fondrie, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence-to-sequence translation from mass spectra to peptides with a transformer model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The AFB1 auxin receptor controls the cytoplasmic auxin response pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytohormone auxin triggers root growth inhibition within seconds via a non-transcriptional pathway. Among members of the TIR1/AFBs auxin receptor family, AFB1 has a primary role in this rapid response. However, the unique features that confer this specific function have not been identified. Here we show that the N-terminal region of AFB1, including the F-box domain and residues that contribute to auxin binding, are essential and sufficient for its specific role in the rapid response. Substitution of the N-terminal region of AFB1 with that of TIR1 disrupts its distinct cytoplasm-enriched localization and activity in rapid root growth inhibition. Importantly, the N-terminal region of AFB1 is indispensable for auxin-triggered calcium influx which is a prerequisite for rapid root growth inhibition. Furthermore, AFB1 negatively regulates lateral root formation and transcription of auxin-induced genes, suggesting that it plays an inhibitory role in canonical auxin signaling. These results suggest that AFB1 may buffer the transcriptional auxin response while it regulates rapid changes in cell growth that contribute to root gravitropism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dubey, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stutzman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prigge, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medvecka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platre, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fendrych, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The AFB1 auxin receptor controls the cytoplasmic auxin response pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UFMTrack: Under-Flow Migration Tracker enabling analysis of the entire multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade across the blood-brain barrier in microfluidic devices 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) strictly controls immune cell trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS). In neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, this tight control is, however, disturbed, leading to immune cell infiltration into the CNS. The development of in vitro models of the BBB combined with microfluidic devices has advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the multi-step T-cell extravasation across the BBB. A major bottleneck of these in vitro studies is the absence of a robust and automated pipeline suitable for analyzing and quantifying the sequential interaction steps of different immune cell subsets with the BBB under physiological flow in vitro.

Here we present the Under-Flow Migration Tracker (UFMTrack) framework for studying immune cell interactions with endothelial monolayers under physiological flow. We then showcase a pipeline built based on it to study the entire multi-step extravasation cascade of immune cells across brain microvascular endothelial cells under physiological flow in vitro. UFMTrack achieves 90% track reconstruction efficiency and allows for scaling due to the reduction of the analysis cost and by eliminating experimenter bias. This allowed for an in-depth analysis of all behavioral regimes involved in the multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade. The study summarizes how UFMTrack can be employed to delineate the interactions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with the BBB under physiological flow. We also demonstrate its applicability to the other BBB models, showcasing broader applicability of the developed framework to a range of immune cell-endothelial monolayer interaction studies. The UFMTrack framework along with the generated datasets is publicly available in the corresponding repositories.

Author summaryImmune cells continuously travel through our body to perform immune surveillance. They travel within blood vessels at a very high speed and slow down upon reaching their target organ by the sequential interaction with different adhesion and signaling molecules on the vascular endothelial cells.

The study of molecular mechanisms mediating this multi-step extravasation of immune cells has been significantly advanced by in vitro cultures of microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. The dynamic interaction of the immune cells with endothelial monolayers can be imaged over time in vitro in microfluidic devices under physiological flow. The 2-dimensional structure of the endothelial monolayer allows for reliable visualization of the extravasation process required for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved. The manual analysis of the acquired imaging data is time- consuming and prone to experimenter error. Analysis automation is, however, hampered by the similar appearance of the unlabeled immune and endothelial cells and by the flow causing rapid immune cell displacement.

Here we introduce UFMTrack, the under-flow migration tracker framework allowing for automated analysis of immune cell interactions with microvascular endothelial cells under flow in vitro. UFMTrack performs comparably to the manual analysis of an experienced researcher, eliminates experimenters bias, and improves the accuracy of the immune cell tracking. Taken together, UFMTrack sets the stage for scalability of in vitro live cell imaging studies of immune cell extravasation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vladymyrov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldati, S. G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mossu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gueissaz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.04.522827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UFMTrack: Under-Flow Migration Tracker enabling analysis of the entire multi-step immune cell extravasation cascade across the blood-brain barrier in microfluidic devices]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.522942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermodynamic limitations on brain oxygen metabolism: physiological implications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.522942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A recent hypothesis is that maintaining the brain tissue ratio of O2 to CO2 is critical for preserving the entropy increase available from oxidative metabolism of glucose, with a fall of that available entropy leading to a reduction of the phosphorylation potential and impairment of brain energy metabolism. The hypothesis suggests that physiological responses under different conditions can be understood as preserving tissue O2/CO2. To test this idea, a mathematical model of O2 and CO2 transport was used to calculate how well different physiological responses maintain tissue O2/CO2, showing good agreement with reported experimental measurements for increased neural activity, hypercapnia and hypoxia. The results highlight the importance of thinking about brain blood flow as a way to modulate tissue O2/CO2, rather than simply in terms of O2 delivery to the capillary bed. The hypoxia modeling focused on humans at high altitude, including acclimatized lowlanders and adapted populations, with a primary finding that decreasing CO2 by increasing ventilation rate is much more effective for preserving tissue O2/CO2 than increasing blood hemoglobin content. The modeling provides a new framework and perspective for understanding how blood flow and other physiological factors support energy metabolism in the brain under a wide range of conditions.

Key points summaryO_LIRecent thermodynamic modeling suggests that preserving the O2/CO2 ratio in brain tissue is critical for preserving the entropy change available from the oxidative metabolism of glucose and the phosphorylation potential underlying energy metabolism.
C_LIO_LIThe hypothesis tested is that normal physiological responses (notably blood flow changes) often act to preserve this ratio under changing conditions.
C_LIO_LIUsing a detailed model to calculate tissue O2/CO2 we found good agreement with the predictions of the hypothesis and reported experimental results during hypoxia, hypercapnia and increased oxygen metabolic rate in response to increased neural activity.
C_LIO_LIFor the hypoxia modeling we considered high altitude acclimatization and adaptation in humans, showing the critical role of reducing CO2 in preserving tissue O2/CO2.
C_LIO_LIThe tissue O2/CO2 hypothesis provides a useful perspective for understanding the function of observed physiological responses under different conditions in terms of preserving brain energy metabolism, although the mechanisms underlying these functions are not well understood.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buxton, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.06.522942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermodynamic limitations on brain oxygen metabolism: physiological implications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical inhibition of bromodomain proteins in insect stage African trypanosomes perturbs silencing of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein repertoire and results in widespread changes in the transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, spp. is transmitted by the tsetse fly to both humans and animals, where it causes a fatal disease called African trypanosomiasis. While the parasite lacks canonical DNA sequence specific transcription factors, it does possess histones, histone modifications, and proteins that write, erase, and read histone marks. Chemical inhibition of chromatin interacting bromodomain proteins has previously been shown to perturb bloodstream specific trypanosome processes, including silencing of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein genes (VSGs) and immune evasion. Transcriptomic changes that occur in bromodomain inhibited bloodstream parasites mirror many of the changes that occur as parasites developmentally progress from the bloodstream to the insect stage. We performed RNA-seq timecourses to determine the effects of chemical bromodomain inhibition in insect stage parasites using the compound I-BET151. We found that treatment with I-BET151 causes large changes in the transcriptome of insect stage parasites, and also perturbs silencing of VSG genes. The transcriptomes of bromodomain inhibited parasites share some features with early metacyclic stage parasites in the fly salivary gland, implicating bromodomain proteins as important for regulating transcript levels for developmentally relevant genes. However, the downregulation of surface procyclin protein that typically accompanies developmental progression is absent in bromodomain inhibited insect stage parasites. We conclude that chemical modulation of bromodomain proteins causes widespread transcriptomic changes in multiple trypanosome life cycle stages. Understanding the gene regulatory processes that facilitate transcriptome remodeling in this highly diverged eukaryote may shed light on how these mechanisms evolved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ashby, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havens, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical inhibition of bromodomain proteins in insect stage African trypanosomes perturbs silencing of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein repertoire and results in widespread changes in the transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.523512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal activity-driven O-GlcNAcylation promotes mitochondrial plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.523512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal activity is an energy-intensive process that is largely sustained by instantaneous fuel utilization and ATP synthesis. However, how neurons couple ATP synthesis rate to fuel availability is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic sensor enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase regulates neuronal activity-driven mitochondrial bioenergetics. We show that neuronal activity upregulates O-GlcNAcylation mainly in mitochondria. Mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation is promoted by activity-driven fuel consumption, which allows neurons to compensate for high energy expenditure based on fuel availability. To determine the proteins that are responsible for these adjustments, we mapped the mitochondrial O-GlcNAcome of neurons. Finally, we determine that neurons fail to meet activity-driven metabolic demand when O-GlcNAcylation dynamics are prevented. Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation provides a fuel-dependent feedforward control mechanism in neurons to optimize mitochondrial performance based on neuronal activity. This mechanism thereby couples neuronal metabolism to mitochondrial bioenergetics and plays a key role in sustaining energy homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papich, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whisenant, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koberstein, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.11.523512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal activity-driven O-GlcNAcylation promotes mitochondrial plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional gene delivery to and across brain vasculature of systemic AAVs with endothelial-specific tropism in rodents and broad tropism in primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Delivering genes to and across the brain vasculature efficiently and specifically across species remains a critical challenge for addressing neurological diseases. We have evolved adeno-associated virus (AAV9) capsids into vectors that transduce brain endothelial cells specifically and efficiently following systemic administration in wild-type mice with diverse genetic backgrounds and rats. These AAVs also exhibit superior transduction of the CNS across non-human primates (marmosets and rhesus macaques), and ex vivo human brain slices although the endothelial tropism is not conserved across species. The capsid modifications translate from AAV9 to other serotypes such as AAV1 and AAV-DJ, enabling serotype switching for sequential AAV administration in mice. We demonstrate that the endothelial specific mouse capsids can be used to genetically engineer the blood-brain barrier by transforming the mouse brain vasculature into a functional biofactory. Vasculature-secreted Hevin (a synaptogenic protein) rescued synaptic deficits in a mouse model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivadasan Bindu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goertsen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shay, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravindra Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arokiaraj, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plattner, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monet, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omstead, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishaw, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akrami, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eroglu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gradinaru, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional gene delivery to and across brain vasculature of systemic AAVs with endothelial-specific tropism in rodents and broad tropism in primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.14.524071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
White matter network organization predicts memory decline after epilepsy surgery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.14.524071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to a substantial change in data analysis and findings/conclusions. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stasenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaestner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arienzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schadler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helm, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Haim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.14.524071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[White matter network organization predicts memory decline after epilepsy surgery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tipifarnib potentiates the antitumor effects of PI3Kα inhibition in PIK3CA- and HRAS-dysregulated HNSCC via convergent inhibition of mTOR activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outcomes for patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are poor, with median overall survival ranging from 6 to 18 months. For those who progress on standard of care (chemo)immunotherapy, treatment options are limited, necessitating the development of rational therapeutic strategies. Toward this end, we targeted the key HNSCC drivers PI3K-mTOR and HRAS via the combination of tipifarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, and alpelisib, a PI3K inhibitor, in multiple molecularly defined subsets of HNSCC. We find that tipifarnib synergizes with alpelisib at the level of mTOR in PI3K-or HRAS-dependent HNSCCs, leading to marked cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. Based on these findings, we have launched the KURRENT-HN trial to evaluate the effectiveness of this combination in PIK3CA-mutant/amplified and/or HRAS-overexpressing R/M HNSCC. Preliminary evidence supports the clinical activity of this molecular biomarker-driven combination therapy.

SignificanceBacked by strong mechanistic rationale, the combination of alpelisib and tipifarnib has the potential to benefit >45% of R/M HNSCC patients. By blocking feedback reactivation of mTORC1, tipifarnib may prevent adaptive resistance to additional targeted therapies, thereby enhancing their clinical utility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koshizuka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soifer, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayoub, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villaflor, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanna, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasco Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.523964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tipifarnib potentiates the antitumor effects of PI3Kα inhibition in PIK3CA- and HRAS-dysregulated HNSCC via convergent inhibition of mTOR activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased TCR signaling in regulatory T cells is disengaged from TCR affinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.523999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable suppressors of aberrant self-reactivity. However, TCR affinity and specificities that support Treg function, and how these compare to autoimmune T cells remain unresolved. In this study, we used antigen agnostic and epitope-focused analyses to compare TCR repertoires of regulatory and effector T cells that spontaneously infiltrate pancreatic islets of non-obese diabetic mice. We show that effector and regulatory T cell-derived TCRs possess similar wide-ranging reactivity for self-antigen. Treg-derived TCRs varied in their capacity to confer optimal protective function, and Treg suppressive capacity was in part determined by effector TCR affinity. Interestingly, when expressing the same TCR, Tregs showed higher Nur77-GFP expression than Teffs, suggesting Treg-intrinsic ability to compete for antigen. Our findings provide a new insight into TCR-dependent and independent mechanisms that regulate Treg function and indicate a TCR-intrinsic insufficiency in tissue-specific Tregs that may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolawole, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprouse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evavold, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.523999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased TCR signaling in regulatory T cells is disengaged from TCR affinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tiered Sympathetic Control of Cardiac Function Revealed by Viral Tracing and Single Cell Transcriptome Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating the heart primarily reside in the stellate ganglion (SG), alongside neurons innervating other organs and tissues. Whether cardiac-innervating stellate ganglionic neurons (SGNs) exhibit diversity and distinction from those innervating other tissues is not known. To identify and resolve the transcriptomic profiles of SGNs innervating the heart we leveraged retrograde tracing techniques using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing fluorescent proteins (GFP or Td-tomato) with single cell RNA sequencing. We investigated electrophysiologic, morphologic, and physiologic roles for subsets of cardiac-specific neurons and found that three of five adrenergic SGN subtypes innervate the heart. These three subtypes stratify into two subpopulations; high (NA1a) and low (NA1b and NA1c) Npy-expressing cells, exhibit distinct morphological, neurochemical, and electrophysiologic characteristics. In physiologic studies in transgenic mouse models modulating NPY signaling, we identified differential control of cardiac responses by these two subpopulations to high and low stress states. These findings provide novel insights into the unique properties of neurons responsible for cardiac sympathetic regulation, with implications for novel strategies to target specific neuronal subtypes for sympathetic blockade in cardiac disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tompkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arneson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dajani, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsanhani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jay, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajijola, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tiered Sympathetic Control of Cardiac Function Revealed by Viral Tracing and Single Cell Transcriptome Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acoustically Targeted Noninvasive Gene Therapy in Large Brain Regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Focused Ultrasound Blood-Brain Barrier Opening (FUS-BBBO) can deliver adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) to treat genetic disorders of the brain. However, such disorders often affect large brain regions. Moreover, the applicability of FUS-BBBO in the treatment of brain-wide genetic disorders has not yet been evaluated. Herein, we evaluated the transduction efficiency and safety of opening up to 105 sites simultaneously. Increasing the number of targeted sites increased gene delivery efficiency at each site. We achieved transduction of up to 60% of brain cells with comparable efficiency in the majority of the brain regions. Furthermore, gene delivery with FUS-BBBO was safe even when all 105 sites were targeted simultaneously without negative effects on animal weight, neuronal loss, or astrocyte activation. To evaluate the application of multi-site FUS-BBBO for gene therapy, we used it for gene editing using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system, and found effective gene editing, but also a loss of neurons at the targeted sites. Overall, this study provides a brain-wide map of transduction efficiency and the first example of gene editing after site-specific noninvasive gene delivery to a large brain region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nouraein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenz, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Mundo, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szablowski, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.19.524626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acoustically Targeted Noninvasive Gene Therapy in Large Brain Regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Woronin bodies move dynamically and bidirectionally by hitchhiking on early endosomes in Aspergillus nidulans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.20.524968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The proper functioning of organelles depends on their intracellular localization, mediated by motor protein-dependent transport on cytoskeletal tracks. Rather than directly associating with a motor protein, peroxisomes move by hitchhiking on motile early endosomes in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. However, the cellular function of peroxisome hitchhiking is unclear. Peroxisome hitchhiking requires the protein PxdA, which is conserved within the fungal subphylum Pezizomycotina, but absent from other fungal clades. Woronin bodies are specialized peroxisomes that are also unique to the Pezizomycotina. In these fungi, multinucleate hyphal segments are separated by incomplete cell walls called septa that possess a central pore enabling cytoplasmic exchange. Upon damage to a hyphal segment, Woronin bodies plug septal pores to prevent wide-spread leakage. Here, we tested if peroxisome hitchhiking is important for Woronin body motility, distribution, and function in A. nidulans. We show that Woronin body proteins are present within all motile peroxisomes and hitchhike on PxdA-labeled early endosomes during bidirectional, long-distance movements. Loss of peroxisome hitchhiking by knocking out pxdA significantly affected Woronin body distribution and motility in the cytoplasm, but Woronin body hitchhiking is ultimately dispensable for septal localization and plugging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Songster, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhuyan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.20.524968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Woronin bodies move dynamically and bidirectionally by hitchhiking on early endosomes in Aspergillus nidulans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.21.524642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex, but not early life stress, effects on two-bottle choice alcohol drinking behaviors in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.21.524642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSIn humans, early life stress (ELS) is associated with an increased risk for developing both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We previously used an infant footshock model that produces stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) in rats and mice and increases aversion-resistant alcohol drinking in rats to explore this shared predisposition. The goal of the current study was to extend this model of comorbid PTSD and AUD to male and female C57BL/6J mice.

MethodsAcute ELS was induced using 15 footshocks on postnatal day (PND) 17. In adulthood, alcohol drinking behavior was tested in one of three two-bottle choice drinking paradigms. In continuous access, mice were given 24 h access to 5% or 10% ethanol and water for five consecutive drinking sessions each. In limited access drinking in the dark, mice were given 2 h of access to 15% ethanol and water across 15 sessions 3 h into the dark cycle. In intermittent access, mice were presented with 20% ethanol and water Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, for four consecutive weeks. In a fifth week of intermittent access drinking, increasing concentrations of quinine (10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 200 mg/L) were added to the ethanol to test aversion-resistant drinking. Intermittent access drinking was tested with and without a period of adolescent drinking (PND 35).

ResultsInfant footshock did not alter drinking in the continuous or limited access tasks. Adult consumption and preference were lower in the intermittent access task when adolescent drinking was included and there were ELS-induced differences in consumption of quinine-adulterated ethanol in females.

ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that infant footshock followed by a period of adolescent drinking is a viable model of comorbid PTSD and AUD in rats and mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perry, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneddon, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichert, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuh, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shand, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radke, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.21.524642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex, but not early life stress, effects on two-bottle choice alcohol drinking behaviors in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human milk variation is shaped by maternal genetics and impacts the infant gut microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human milk is a complex mix of nutritional and bioactive components that provide complete nutrition for the infant. However, we lack a systematic knowledge of the factors shaping milk composition and how milk variation influences infant health. Here, we used multi-omic profiling to characterize interactions between maternal genetics, milk gene expression, milk composition, and the infant fecal microbiome in 242 exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. We identified 487 genetic loci associated with milk gene expression unique to the lactating mammary gland, including loci that impacted breast cancer risk and human milk oligosaccharide concentration. Integrative analyses uncovered connections between milk gene expression and infant gut microbiome, including an association between the expression of inflammation-related genes with IL-6 concentration in milk and the abundance of Bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Our results show how an improved understanding of the genetics and genomics of human milk connects lactation biology with maternal and infant health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heisel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furst, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerabandi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knights, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lock, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudolph, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demerath, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blekhman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.525211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human milk variation is shaped by maternal genetics and impacts the infant gut microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRF1 regulates self-renewal and stress-responsiveness to support hematopoietic stem cell maintenance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammatory mediators induce emergency myelopoiesis and cycling of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through incompletely understood mechanisms. To suppress the unwanted effects of inflammation and preserve its beneficial outcomes, the mechanisms by which inflammation affects hematopoiesis need to be fully elucidated. Rather than focusing on specific inflammatory stimuli, we here investigated the role of transcription factor Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), which receives input from several inflammatory signaling pathways. We identify IRF1 as a master HSC regulator. IRF1 loss impairs HSC self-renewal, increases stress-induced cell cycle activation, and confers apoptosis resistance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an aged, inflammatory signature devoid of IFN signaling with reduced megakaryocytic/erythroid priming and antigen presentation in IRF1-deficient HSCs. Finally, we conducted IRF1-based AML patient stratification to identify groups with distinct proliferative, survival and differentiation features, overlapping with our murine HSC results. Our findings position IRF1 as a pivotal regulator of HSC preservation and stress-induced responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rundberg Nilsson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalapour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammenga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.525321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRF1 regulates self-renewal and stress-responsiveness to support hematopoietic stem cell maintenance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The lung employs an intrinsic surfactant-mediated inflammatory response for viral defense 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that resembles surfactant deficient RDS. Using a novel multi-cell type, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived lung organoid (LO) system, validated against primary lung cells, we found that inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and interferon (IFN) responses are dynamically regulated autonomously within the lung following SARS-CoV-2 infection, an intrinsic defense mechanism mediated by surfactant proteins (SP). Single cell RNA sequencing revealed broad infectability of most lung cell types through canonical (ACE2) and non-canonical (endocytotic) viral entry routes. SARS-CoV-2 triggers rapid apoptosis, impairing viral dissemination. In the absence of surfactant protein B (SP-B), resistance to infection was impaired and cytokine/chemokine production and IFN responses were modulated. Exogenous surfactant, recombinant SP-B, or genomic correction of the SP-B deletion restored resistance to SARS-CoV-2 and improved viability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicar, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimmig, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuryyev, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowell, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gearing, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hertzog, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galapate, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galenkamp, K. M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Commisso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The lung employs an intrinsic surfactant-mediated inflammatory response for viral defense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How PTEN mutations degrade function at the membrane and life expectancy of carriers of mutations in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PTEN dysfunction, caused by loss of lipid phosphatase activity or deletion, promotes pathologies, cancer, benign tumors, and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Despite efforts, exactly how the mutations trigger distinct phenotypic outcomes, cancer or NDD, has been puzzling. It has also been unclear how to distinguish between mutations harbored by isoforms, are they cancer or NDDs-related. Here we address both. We demonstrate that PTEN mutations differentially allosterically bias P-loop dynamics and its connection to the catalytic site, affecting catalytic activity. NDD-related mutations are likely to sample conformations present in the wild-type, while sampled conformations sheltering cancer-related hotspots favor catalysis-prone conformations, suggesting that NDD mutations are weaker. Analysis of isoform expression data indicates that if the transcript has NDD-related mutations, alone or in combination with cancer hotspots, there is high prenatal expression. If no mutations within the measured days, low expression levels. Cancer mutations promote stronger signaling and cell proliferation; NDDs are weaker, influencing brain cell differentiation. Further, exon 5 is impacted by NDD or non-NDD mutations, while exon 7 is exclusively impacted by NDD mutations. Our comprehensive conformational and genomic analysis helps discover how same allele mutations can foster different clinical manifestations and uncovers correlations of splicing isoform expression to life expectancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>JANG, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussinov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How PTEN mutations degrade function at the membrane and life expectancy of carriers of mutations in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of extracellular matrix on the precision medicine utility of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to characterize therapeutic sensitivity and resistance (pharmacotyping) is a promising precision medicine approach. The potential of this approach to inform clinical decisions is now being tested in several large multi-institutional clinical trials. PDOs are cultivated in extracellular matrix from basement membrane extracts (BMEs) that are most commonly acquired commercially. Each clinical site utilizes distinct BME lots and may be restricted due to the availability of commercial BME sources. However, the impact of different sources and lots of BMEs on organoid drug response is unknown. Here, we tested the impact of BME source and lot on proliferation, chemotherapy and targeted therapy drug response, and gene expression in mouse and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) organoids. Both human and mouse organoids displayed increased proliferation in Matrigel (Corning) compared to Cultrex (RnD) and UltiMatrix (RnD). However, we observed no substantial impact on drug response when oragnoids were cultured in Matrigel, Cultrex, or UltiMatrix. We also did not observe major shifts in gene expression across the different BME sources, and PDOs maintained their Classical or Basal-like designation. Overall, we find that BME source (Matrigel, Cultrex, UltiMatrix) does not shift PDO dose-response curves and drug testing results, indicating that PDO pharmacotyping is a robust approach for precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lumibao, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okhovat, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peck, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lande, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of extracellular matrix on the precision medicine utility of pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phenotypically Complex Living Materials Containing Engineered Cyanobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A cyanobacterial photosynthetic biocomposite material was fabricated using 3D-printing and bioengineered to produce multiple functional outputs in response to an external chemical stimulus. Our investigations show the advantages of utilizing additive manufacturing techniques in controlling the design and shape of the fabricated materials, which proved to be important for the support and growth of obligate phototrophic microorganisms within the material. As an initial proof-of-concept, a synthetic theophylline-responsive riboswitch in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was used for regulating the expression of a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) reporter. Upon induction with theophylline, the encapsulated cells produced YFP within the hydrogel matrix. Subsequently, a strain of S. elongatus was engineered to produce an oxidative enzyme that is useful for bioremediation, laccase, expressed either constitutively or under the control of the riboswitch. The responsive biomaterial can decolorize a common textile dye pollutant, indigo carmine, potentially serving as a useful tool in environmental bioremediation. Finally, cells were engineered to have the capacity for inducible cell death to eliminate their presence once their activity is no longer required, which is an important function for biocontainment and minimizing unintended environmental impact. By integrating genetically engineered stimuli-responsive cyanobacteria in patterned volumetric 3D-printed designs, we demonstrate the potential of programmable photosynthetic biocomposite materials capable of producing functional outputs including, but not limited to, bioremediation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Datta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hild, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokorski, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phenotypically Complex Living Materials Containing Engineered Cyanobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered Antiviral Sensor Targets Infected Mosquitoes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Escalating vector disease burdens pose significant global health risks, so innovative tools for targeting mosquitoes are critical. We engineered an antiviral strategy termed REAPER (vRNA Expression Activates Poisonous Effector Ribonuclease) that leverages the programmable RNA-targeting capabilities of CRISPR Cas13 and its potent collateral activity. Akin to a stealthy Trojan Horse hiding in stealth awaiting the presence of its enemy, REAPER remains concealed within the mosquito until an infectious blood meal is up taken. Upon target viral RNA infection, REAPER activates, triggering programmed destruction of its target arbovirus such as chikungunya. Consequently, Cas13 mediated RNA targeting significantly reduces viral replication and its promiscuous collateral activity can even kill infected mosquitoes. This innovative REAPER technology adds to an arsenal of effective molecular genetic tools to combat mosquito virus transmission.

One-Sentence SummaryEngineered Cas13-based antiviral sensor kills infected mosquitoes upon activation from arbovirus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalla Benetta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Denman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masri, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brogan, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catalan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blasdell, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alphey, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paradkar, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered Antiviral Sensor Targets Infected Mosquitoes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exponential increase in QTL detection with increased sample size. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Power analyses are often used to determine the number of animals required for a genome wide association analysis (GWAS). These analyses are typically intended to estimate the sample size needed for at least one locus to exceed a genome-wide significance threshold. A related question that is less commonly considered is the number of significant loci that will be discovered with a given sample size. We used simulations based on a real dataset that consisted of 3,173 male and female adult N/NIH heterogeneous stock (HS) rats to explore the relationship between sample size and the number of significant loci discovered. Our simulations examined the number of loci identified in sub-samples of the full dataset. The sub-sampling analysis was conducted for four traits with low (0.15 {+/-} 0.03), medium (0.31 {+/-} 0.03 and 0.36 {+/-} 0.03) and high (0.46 {+/-} 0.03) SNP-based heritabilities. For each trait, we sub-sampled the data 100 times at different sample sizes (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500). We observed an exponential increase in the number of significant loci with larger sample sizes. Our results are consistent with similar observations in human GWAS and imply that future rodent GWAS should use sample sizes that are significantly larger than those needed to obtain a single significant result.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gileta, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versaggi, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripi, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exponential increase in QTL detection with increased sample size.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.28.526025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial vaginosis is associated with increased amylolytic activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.28.526025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the degradation of resistant -1,4-glucan by vaginal bacterial species, with a focus on Gardnerella spp., to elucidate its role in bacterial vaginosis (BV). The ability of Gardnerella vaginalis, Gardnerella swidsinskii, Gardnerella leopoldii, Gardnerella piotii, Lactobacillus iners, and Lactobacillus crispatus was assessed to metabolize an ungelatinized, labeled form of raw amylose, a degradation-resistant -1,4-glucan. The enzymatic activity of these species was evaluated in vitro, and its association with BV was examined in vaginal swabs. Gardnerella vaginalis, G. swidsinskii, and G. leopoldii demonstrated the best ability to degrade resistant -1,4-glucan in vitro. Unlike the cell-bound, S-layer-associated glycogen-degrading activity in L. crispatus, this -glucosidase activity in Gardnerella was also extracellular, but not cell-bound and not repressed by glucose. Vaginal swabs showing high rates of resistant -1,4-glucan degradation activity were associated with BV, particularly in the concurrent presence of G. leopoldii, G. swidsinskii, and G. vaginalis. These findings suggest a role of -1,4-glucan degradation in BV pathogenesis mediated by Gardnerella species. The results indicate the potential of targeting bacterial amylase activity as therapeutic strategy for BV prevention and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hertzberger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himschoot, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruisten, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenbergen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cools, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kort, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.28.526025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial vaginosis is associated with increased amylolytic activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Cancer Testes Antigen, HORMAD1, is a Tumor-Specific Replication Fork Protection Factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumors frequently activate the expression of genes that are only otherwise required for meiosis. HORMAD1, which is essential for meiotic recombination in multiple species, is expressed in over 50% of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (LUAD). We previously found that HORMAD1 promotes DNA double strand break (DSB) repair in LUAD. Here, we report that HORMAD1 takes on an additional role in protecting genomic integrity. Specifically, we find HORMAD1 is critical for protecting stalled DNA replication forks in LUAD. Loss of HORMAD1 leads to nascent DNA degradation, an event which is mediated by the MRE11-DNA2-BLM pathway. Moreover, following exogenous induction of DNA replication stress, HORMAD1 deleted cells accumulate single stranded DNA (ssDNA). We find that these phenotypes are the result of a lack of RAD51 and BRCA2 loading onto stalled replication forks. Ultimately, loss of HORMAD1 leads to increased DSBs and chromosomal aberrations in response to replication stress. Collectively, our data support a model where HORMAD1 expression is selected to mitigate DNA replication stress, which would otherwise induce deleterious genomic instability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herrera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlynn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitehurst, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Cancer Testes Antigen, HORMAD1, is a Tumor-Specific Replication Fork Protection Factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A modular plasmid toolkit applied in marine Proteobacteria reveals functional insights during bacteria-stimulated metamorphosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A conspicuous roadblock to studying marine bacteria for fundamental research and biotechnology is a lack of modular synthetic biology tools for their genetic manipulation. Here, we applied, and generated new parts for, a modular plasmid toolkit to study marine bacteria in the context of symbioses and host-microbe interactions. To demonstrate the utility of this plasmid system, we genetically manipulated the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, which stimulates the metamorphosis of the model tubeworm, Hydroides elegans. Using these tools, we quantified constitutive and native promoter expression, developed reporter strains that enable the imaging of host-bacteria interactions, and used CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock down a secondary metabolite and a host-associated gene. We demonstrate the broader utility of this modular system for rapidly creating and iteratively testing genetic tractability by modifying marine bacteria that are known to be associated with diverse host-microbe symbioses. These efforts enabled the successful transformation of twelve marine strains across two Proteobacteria classes, four orders and ten genera. Altogether, the present study demonstrates how synthetic biology strategies enable the investigation of marine microbes and marine host-microbe symbioses with broader implications for environmental restoration and biotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alker, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aspiras, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunbar, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedoriouk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhail, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salcedo, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shikuma, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A modular plasmid toolkit applied in marine Proteobacteria reveals functional insights during bacteria-stimulated metamorphosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo photopharmacology with light-activated opioid drugs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.02.526901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional methods for site-specific drug delivery in the brain are slow, invasive, and difficult to interface with recordings of neural activity. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and experimental advantages of in vivo photopharmacology using "caged" opioid drugs that are activated in the brain with light after systemic administration in an inactive form. To enable bidirectional manipulations of endogenous opioid receptors in vivo, we developed PhOX and PhNX, photoactivatable variants of the mu opioid receptor agonist oxymorphone and the antagonist naloxone. Photoactivation of PhOX in multiple brain areas produced local changes in receptor occupancy, brain metabolic activity, neuronal calcium activity, neurochemical signaling, and multiple pain- and reward-related behaviors. Combining PhOX photoactivation with optical recording of extracellular dopamine revealed adaptations in the opioid sensitivity of mesolimbic dopamine circuitry during chronic morphine administration. This work establishes a general experimental framework for using in vivo photopharmacology to study the neural basis of drug action.

HighlightsA photoactivatable opioid agonist (PhOX) and antagonist (PhNX) for in vivo photopharmacology.

Systemic pro-drug delivery followed by local photoactivation in the brain.

In vivo photopharmacology produces behavioral changes within seconds of photostimulation.

In vivo photopharmacology enables all-optical pharmacology and physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McClain, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layden, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubejko, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livrizzi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventriglia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levinstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonaventura, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaelides, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banghart, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.02.526901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo photopharmacology with light-activated opioid drugs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated Agnostic Designation of Pathogen Lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogen nomenclature systems are a key component of effective communication and collaboration for researchers and public health workers. Since February 2021, the Pango nomenclature for SARS-CoV-2 has been sustained by crowdsourced lineage proposals as new isolates were added to a growing global dataset. This approach to dynamic lineage designation is dependent on a large and active epidemiological community identifying and curating each new lineage. This is vulnerable to time-critical delays as well as regional and personal bias. To address these issues, we developed a simple heuristic approach that divides a phylogenetic tree into lineages based on shared ancestral genotypes. We additionally provide a framework that automatically prioritizes the lineages by growth rate and association with key mutations or locations, extensible to any pathogen. Our implementation is efficient on extremely large phylogenetic trees and produces similar results to existing Pango lineage designations when applied to SARS-CoV-2. This method offers a simple, automated and consistent approach to pathogen nomenclature that can assist researchers in developing and maintaining phylogeny-based classifications in the face of ever increasing genomic datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McBroome, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roemer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfinger, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Toole, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rambaut, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.527052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated Agnostic Designation of Pathogen Lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene panel selection for targeted spatial transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted spatial transcriptomics hold particular promise in analysis of complex tissues. Most such methods, however, measure only a limited panel of transcripts, which need to be selected in advance to inform on the cell types or processes being studied. A limitation of existing gene selection methods is that they rely on scRNA-seq data, ignoring platform effects between technologies. Here we describe gpsFISH, a computational method to perform gene selection through optimizing detection of known cell types. By modeling and adjusting for platform effects, gpsFISH outperforms other methods. Furthermore, gpsFISH can incorporate cell type hierarchies and custom gene preferences to accommodate diverse design requirements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petukhov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biederstedt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.527053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene panel selection for targeted spatial transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fecal virome transplantation is sufficient to alter fecal microbiota and drive lean and obese body phenotypes in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe gastrointestinal microbiome plays a significant role in numerous host processes and has an especially large impact on modulating the host metabolism. Prior studies have shown that when mice receive fecal transplants from obese donors that were fed high-fat diets (HFD) (even when recipient mice are fed normal diets after transplantation), they develop obese phenotypes. These studies demonstrate the prominent role that the gut microbiota play in determining lean and obese phenotypes. While much of the credit has been given to gut bacteria, studies have not measured the impact of gut viruses on these phenotypes. To address this shortcoming, we gavaged mice with viromes isolated from donors fed HFD or normal chow. By characterizing the mices gut bacterial biota and weight-gain phenotypes over time, we demonstrate that viruses can shape the gut bacterial community and affect weight gain or loss.

ResultsWe gavaged mice longitudinally over 4 weeks while measuring their body weights and collecting fecal samples for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We evaluated mice that were fed normal chow or high-fat diets, and gavaged each group with either chow-derived fecal viromes, HFD-derived fecal viromes, or phosphate buffered saline controls. We found a significant effect of gavage type, where mice fed chow but gavaged with HFD-derived viromes gained significantly more weight than their counterparts receiving chow-derived viromes. The converse was also true: mice fed HFD but gavaged with chow-derived viromes gained significantly less weight than their counterparts receiving HFD-derived viromes. These results were replicated in two separate experiments and the phenotypic changes were accompanied by significant and identifiable differences in the fecal bacterial biota. Notably, there were differences in Lachnospirales and Clostridia in mice fed chow but gavaged with HFD-derived fecal viromes, and in Peptostreptococcales, Oscillospirales, and Lachnospirales in mice fed HFD but gavaged with chow-derived fecal viromes. Due to methodological limitations, we were unable to identify specific bacterial species or strains that were responsible for respective phenotypic changes.

ConclusionsThis study confirms that virome-mediated perturbations can alter the fecal microbiome in an in vivo model and indicates that such perturbations are sufficient to drive lean and obese phenotypes in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopyk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnabl, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.527064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fecal virome transplantation is sufficient to alter fecal microbiota and drive lean and obese body phenotypes in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.04.527145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brainstem Dbh+ Neurons Control Chronic Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.04.527145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic exposure of the lung to irritants such as allergen is a primary cause of asthma characterized by exaggerated airway constriction, also called hyperreactivity, which can be life-threatening. Aside from immune cells, vagal sensory neurons are important for airway hyperreactivity 1-4. However, the identity and signature of the downstream nodes of this adaptive circuit remains poorly understood. Here we show that a single population of Dbh+neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) of the brainstem, and downstream neurons in the nucleus ambiguous (NA), are both necessary and sufficient for chronic allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity. We found that repeated exposures of mice to inhaled allergen activates nTS neurons in a mast cell-, interleukin 4 (IL-4)-and vagal nerve-dependent manner. Single-nucleus RNA-seq of the nTS at baseline and following allergen challenges reveals that a Dbh+ population is preferentially activated. Ablation or chemogenetic inactivation of Dbh+ nTS neurons blunted, while chemogenetic activation promoted hyperreactivity. Viral tracing indicates that Dbh+nTS neurons, capable of producing norepinephrine, project to the NA, and NA neurons are necessary and sufficient to relay allergen signals to postganglionic neurons that then directly drive airway constriction. Focusing on transmitters, delivery of norepinephrine antagonists to the NA blunted allergen-induced hyperreactivity. Together, these findings provide molecular, anatomical and functional definitions of key nodes of a canonical allergen response circuit. The knowledge opens the possibility of targeted neural modulation as an approach to control refractory allergen-induced airway constriction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudell, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimmerjahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.04.527145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brainstem Dbh+ Neurons Control Chronic Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The maize preligule band is subdivided into distinct domains with contrasting cellular properties prior to ligule outgrowth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The maize ligule is a fringe of epidermis-derived tissue, which arises from the preligule band (PLB) at a boundary between the blade and sheath. A hinge-like auricle also develops immediately distal to the ligule and contributes to blade angle. Here, we characterize the stages of PLB and early ligule development in terms of topography, cell area, division orientation, cell wall rigidity, and auxin response dynamics. Differential thickening of epidermal cells and localized periclinal divisions contributed to the formation of a ridge within the PLB, which ultimately produces the ligule fringe. Patterns in cell wall rigidity were consistent with the subdivision of the PLB into two regions along a distinct line positioned at the nascent ridge. The proximal region produces the ligule, while the distal region contributes to one epidermal face of the auricles. Whereas the auxin transporter PIN1 accumulated in the PLB, observed differential auxin transcriptional response did not underlie the partitioning of the PLB. Our data demonstrate that two zones with contrasting cellular properties, the preligule and preauricle, are specified within the ligular region prior to ligule outgrowth.

Summary StatementChanges in cell geometry, division orientation, and cell wall mechanics underlie maize ligule morphogenesis. The establishment of mechanically distinct epidermal domains coincides with topographical changes during early ligule outgrowth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neher, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braybrook, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylvester, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The maize preligule band is subdivided into distinct domains with contrasting cellular properties prior to ligule outgrowth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial metabolism in primary and metastatic human kidney cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most kidney cancers display evidence of metabolic dysfunction1-4 but how this relates to cancer progression in humans is unknown. We used a multidisciplinary approach to infuse 13C-labeled nutrients during surgical tumour resection in over 70 patients with kidney cancer. Labeling from [U-13C]glucose varies across cancer subtypes, indicating that the kidney environment alone cannot account for all metabolic reprogramming in these tumours. Compared to the adjacent kidney, clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) display suppressed labelling of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in vivo and in organotypic slices cultured ex vivo, indicating that suppressed labeling is tissue intrinsic. Infusions of [1,2-13C]acetate and [U-13C]glutamine in patients, coupled with respiratory flux of mitochondria isolated from kidney and tumour tissue, reveal primary defects in mitochondrial function in human ccRCC. However, ccRCC metastases unexpectedly have enhanced labeling of TCA cycle intermediates compared to primary ccRCCs, indicating a divergent metabolic program during ccRCC metastasis in patients. In mice, stimulating respiration in ccRCC cells is sufficient to promote metastatic colonization. Altogether, these findings indicate that metabolic properties evolve during human kidney cancer progression, and suggest that mitochondrial respiration may be limiting for ccRCC metastasis but not for ccRCC growth at the site of origin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bezwada, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBerardinis, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesner, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasitinon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelekar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aurora, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghandour, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudderth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumesnil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>House, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosales, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poole, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woldu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagrodia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadeddu, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedrosa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtney, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malloy, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margulis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial metabolism in primary and metastatic human kidney cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.528049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reply to: Caution Regarding the Specificities of Pan-Cancer Microbial Structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.10.528049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cancer microbiome field tremendously accelerated following the release of our manuscript nearly three years ago1, including direct validation of our cancer type-specific conclusions in independent, international cohorts2,3 and the tumor microbiomes adoption into the hallmarks of cancer4. Disentangling contamination signals from biological signals is an important consideration for this research field. Therefore, despite numerous, high-impact, peer-reviewed research papers that either validated our conclusions or extended them using data we released2,5-13, we carefully considered criticism raised by Gihawi et al. about potential mishandling of contaminants, batch effects, and machine learning approaches--all of which were central topics in our manuscript. Nonetheless, a close examination of each concern alongside the original manuscript and re-analyses of our published data strongly demonstrates the robustness of the original findings. To remove all doubt, however, we have reproduced all key conclusions from the original manuscript using only overlapping bacterial genera identified in a highly decontaminated, multi-cancer, international cohort (Weizmann Institute of Science, WIS)2, with or without batch correction, and with multiclass machine learning analyses to mitigate class imbalances. Our published pan-cancer mycobiome manuscript3 also affirms these findings using updated, state-of-the-art methods. We also note that every analysis shown here was possible using public data and code that we had already provided.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sepich-Poore, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopylova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraraccio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosciolek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanbar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller-Montgomery, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mckay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.10.528049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reply to: Caution Regarding the Specificities of Pan-Cancer Microbial Structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.11.528148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Small GTPase Rab7 Regulates Release of Mitochondria in Extracellular Vesicles in Response to Lysosomal Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.11.528148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial quality control is critical for cardiac homeostasis as these organelles are responsible for generating most of the energy needed to sustain contraction. Dysfunctional mitochondria are normally degraded via intracellular degradation pathways that converge on the lysosome. Here, we identified an alternative mechanism to eliminate mitochondria when lysosomal function is compromised. We show that lysosomal inhibition leads to increased secretion of mitochondria in large extracellular vesicles (EVs). The EVs are produced in multivesicular bodies, and their release is independent of autophagy. Deletion of the small GTPase Rab7 in cells or adult mouse heart leads to increased secretion of EVs containing ubiquitinated cargos, including intact mitochondria. The secreted EVs are captured by macrophages without activating inflammation. Hearts from aged mice or Danon disease patients have increased levels of secreted EVs containing mitochondria indicating activation of vesicular release during cardiac pathophysiology. Overall, these findings establish that mitochondria are eliminated in large EVs through the endosomal pathway when lysosomal degradation is inhibited.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodall, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauvi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Maio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.11.528148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Small GTPase Rab7 Regulates Release of Mitochondria in Extracellular Vesicles in Response to Lysosomal Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flow augmentation from off-channel storage improves salmonid habitat and survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
[A]In the Western United States, juvenile salmon and steelhead are especially vulnerable to streamflow depletion in the dry season. Releasing water from off-channel storage is a method of streamflow augmentation increasingly used to offset impacts of anthropogenic flow alteration. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the effects of these small-scale flow augmentations on salmonids. Here we quantify the effects of one such augmentation project on habitat connectivity, water quality, invertebrate drift, juvenile salmonid movement and survival. Our study took place in a Northern California stream and included an unusually wet summer (2019) and a more typical dry summer (2020). We found that differences in ambient streamflows between the two years mediated the physical and ecological effects of a 13.9 L/s augmentation treatment. In the dry year, flow augmentation significantly improved dissolved oxygen and habitat connectivity at sites > 1.5 km downstream from the point of augmentation and had a marginal warming effect on stream temperature. During the wet year, both dissolved oxygen and water temperature effects were negligible. In both years, augmentation had a small but positive effect on invertebrate drift. Inter-pool movement of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and stocked Coho Salmon (O. kisutch) increased due to augmentation during the dry summer. Flow augmentation also increased the survival probability for salmonids, with a larger effect during the dry summer (24% higher survival for Coho and 20% higher for steelhead), than during the wet summer (when no effect was observed for steelhead survival and Coho Salmon survival increased by 11%). This study indicates that appropriately designed and timed flow augmentations can improve conditions for rearing salmonids in small streams, particularly during dry years. More broadly it provides empirical evidence that efforts to restore summer streamflow in small, salmon-bearing streams can yield significant ecological benefits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obedzinski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pneh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaughter, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grantham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flow augmentation from off-channel storage improves salmonid habitat and survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restructuring of olfactory representations in the fly brain around odor relationships in natural sources 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A core challenge of olfactory neuroscience is to understand how neural representations of odor are generated and progressively transformed across different layers of the olfactory circuit into formats that support perception and behavior. The encoding of odor by odorant receptors in the input layer of the olfactory system reflects, at least in part, the chemical relationships between odor compounds. Neural representations of odor in higher order associative olfactory areas, generated by random feedforward networks, are expected to largely preserve these input odor relationships1-3. We evaluated these ideas by examining how odors are represented at different stages of processing in the olfactory circuit of the vinegar fly D. melanogaster. We found that representations of odor in the mushroom body (MB), a third-order associative olfactory area in the fly brain, are indeed structured and invariant across flies. However, the structure of MB representational space diverged significantly from what is expected in a randomly connected network. In addition, odor relationships encoded in the MB were better correlated with a metric of the similarity of their distribution across natural sources compared to their similarity with respect to chemical features, and the converse was true for odor relationships encoded in primary olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Comparison of odor coding at primary, secondary, and tertiary layers of the circuit revealed that odors were significantly regrouped with respect to their representational similarity across successive stages of olfactory processing, with the largest changes occurring in the MB. The non-linear reorganization of odor relationships in the MB indicates that unappreciated structure exists in the fly olfactory circuit, and this structure may facilitate the generalization of odors with respect to their co-occurence in natural sources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, W.-M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dylla, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restructuring of olfactory representations in the fly brain around odor relationships in natural sources]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitochondrial regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation in type 2 diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a strongly increased risk for restenosis after angioplasty driven by proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we sought to determine whether and how mitochondrial dysfunction in T2D drives VSMC proliferation with a focus on ROS and intracellular [Ca2+] that both drive cell proliferation, occur in T2D and are regulated by mitochondrial activity.

MethodsUsing a diet-induced mouse model of T2D, the inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (mtCaMKII), a regulator of Ca2+ entry via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter selectively in VSMCs, we performed in vivo phenotyping after mechanical injury and established the mechanisms of excessive proliferation in cultured VSMCs.

ResultsIn T2D, the inhibition of mtCaMKII reduced both neointima formation after mechanical injury and the proliferation of cultured VSMCs. VSMCs from T2D mice displayed accelerated proliferation, reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ entry and membrane potential with elevated baseline [Ca2+]cyto compared to cells from normoglycemic mice. Accelerated proliferation after PDGF treatment was driven by activation of Erk1/2 and its upstream regulators. Hyperactivation of Erk1/2 was Ca2+-dependent rather than mitochondrial ROS-driven Ca2+-dependent and included the activation of CaMKII in the cytosol. The inhibition of mtCaMKII exaggerated the Ca2+ imbalance by lowering mitochondrial Ca2+ entry and increasing baseline [Ca2+]cyto, further enhancing baseline Erk1/2 activation. With inhibition of mtCaMKII, PDGF treatment had no additional effect on cell proliferation. Inhibition of activated CaMKII in the cytosol decreased excessive Erk1/2 activation and reduced VSMC proliferation.

ConclusionsCollectively, our results provide evidence for the molecular mechanisms of enhanced VSMC proliferation after mechanical injury by mitochondrial Ca2+ entry in T2D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grumbach, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koval, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittauer, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ait-Aissa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinchankar, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madesh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitochondrial regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation in type 2 diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploiting heterogeneity in coupled, two plasmid systems for dynamic population adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In synthetic multi-plasmid systems, it is standard to use only plasmids with orthogonal replication mechanisms to avoid phenotypic heterogeneity and ensure plasmid stability. In nature, however, microbial populations actively exploit heterogeneity to survive in fluctuating environments. Here we show that the intentional use of distinct plasmids with identical origins of replication (oris) can help an engineered bacterial population adapt to its environment. We find that copy number coupling between distinct plasmids in such systems allows for copy number buffering of an essential, but high-burden construct through the action of a stably maintained, nonessential plasmid. Plasmid coupling also generates population state memory without additional layers of regulatory control. This work reimagines how we design synthetic populations to survive and adapt by strategically giving control back to the cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lezia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.19.529072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploiting heterogeneity in coupled, two plasmid systems for dynamic population adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in patch-leaving foraging decisions in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ubiquity, importance, and sophistication of foraging behavior makes it an ideal platform for studying naturalistic decision making in animals. We developed a spatial patch-foraging task for rats, in which subjects chose how long to remain in one foraging patch as the rate of food earnings steadily decreased. The cost of seeking out a new location was varied across sessions. The behavioral task was designed to mimic the structure of natural foraging problems, where distinct spatial locations are associated with different reward statistics, and decisions require navigation and movement through space. Male and female Long-Evans rats generally followed the predictions of theoretical models of foraging, albeit with a consistent tendency to persist with patches for too long compared to behavioral strategies that maximize food intake rate. The tendency to choose overly-long patch residence times was stronger in male rats. We also observed sex differences in locomotion as rats performed the task, but these differences in movement only partially accounted for the differences in patch residence durations observed between male and female rats. Together, these results suggest a nuanced relationship between movement, sex, and foraging decisions.

Significance statementForaging behavior offers a naturalistic way of studying temporal investment amongst different choice options, a translationally-important form of decision making. Previous laboratory investigations have relied on foraging tasks that require little movement from subjects, which could affect the strategies that animals use and the neural mechanisms that support them. We developed a spatial foraging task for rats. Behavior generally matched the predictions of theoretical models, although rats remained in patches for longer than prescribed. Male rats exhibited a stronger tendency to overharvest patches than female rats. Sex differences in movement did not account for sex differences in foraging. These data highlight the interplay between movement and decision making, and demonstrate the utility of spatial tasks for studies of foraging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wikenheiser, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.19.529135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in patch-leaving foraging decisions in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective IL-27 production by intestinal regulatory T cells permits gut-specific regulation of Th17 immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are instrumental in establishing immunological tolerance. However, the precise effector mechanisms by which Treg cells control a specific type of immune response in a given tissue remains unresolved. By simultaneously studying Treg cells from different tissue origins under systemic autoimmunity, here we show that IL-27 is specifically produced by intestinal Treg cells to regulate Th17 immunity. Selectively increased intestinal Th17 responses in mice with Treg cell-specific IL-27 ablation led to exacerbated intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated cancer, but also helped protect against enteric bacterial infection. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomic analysis has identified a CD83+TCF1+ Treg cell subset that is distinct from previously characterized intestinal Treg cell populations as the main IL-27 producers. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel Treg cell suppression mechanism crucial for controlling a specific type of immune response in a particular tissue, and provides further mechanistic insights into tissue-specific Treg cell-mediated immune regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patkar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Israelsson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niedzielska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerner, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maciewicz, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective IL-27 production by intestinal regulatory T cells permits gut-specific regulation of Th17 immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arsenic is a potent co-mutagen of ultraviolet light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.22.529578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental co-exposures are widespread and are major contributors to carcinogenic mechanisms. Two well-established environmental agents causing skin cancer are ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and arsenic. Arsenic is a known co-carcinogen that enhances UVRs carcinogenicity. However, the mechanisms of arsenic co-carcinogenesis are not well understood. In this study, we utilized primary human keratinocytes and a hairless mouse model to investigate the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of co-exposure to arsenic and UVR. In vitro and in vivo exposures revealed that, on its own, arsenic is neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic. However, in combination with UVR, arsenic exposure has a synergistic effect leading to an accelerated mouse skin carcinogenesis as well as to more than 2-fold enrichment of UVR mutational burden. Notably, mutational signature ID13, previously found only in UVR-associated human skin cancers, was observed exclusively in mouse skin tumors and cell lines jointly exposed to arsenic and UVR. This signature was not observed in any model system exposed purely to arsenic or purely to UVR, making ID13 the first co-exposure signature to be reported using controlled experimental conditions. Analysis of existing genomics data from basal cell carcinomas and melanomas revealed that only a subset of human skin cancers harbor ID13 and, consistent with our experimental observations, these cancers exhibited an elevated UVR mutagenesis. Our results provide the first report of a unique mutational signature caused by a co-exposure to two environmental carcinogens and the first comprehensive evidence that arsenic is a potent co-mutagen and co-carcinogen of UVR. Importantly, our findings suggest that a large proportion of human skin cancers are not formed purely due to UVR exposure but rather due to a co-exposure of UVR and other co-mutagens such as arsenic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Speer, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.22.529578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arsenic is a potent co-mutagen of ultraviolet light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dual role of TonB genes in turnerbactin uptake and carbohydrate utilization in the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Teredinibacter turnerae is an intracellular bacterial symbiont that resides in the gills of shipworms, wood-eating bivalve mollusks. This bacterium produces a catechol siderophore, turnerbactin, required for the survival of this bacterium under iron limiting conditions. The turnerbactin biosynthetic genes are contained in one of the secondary metabolite clusters conserved among T. turnerae strains. However, Fe(III)-turnerbactin uptake mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the first gene of the cluster, fttA a homologue of Fe(III)-siderophore TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor (TBDR) genes is indispensable for iron uptake via the endogenous siderophore, turnerbactin, as well as by an exogenous siderophore, amphi-enterobactin, ubiquitously produced by marine vibrios. Furthermore, three TonB clusters containing four tonB genes were identified, and two of these genes, tonB1b and tonB2, functioned not only for iron transport but also for carbohydrate utilization when cellulose was a sole carbon source. Gene expression analysis revealed that none of the tonB genes and other genes in those clusters were clearly regulated by iron concentration while turnerbactin biosynthesis and uptake genes were up-regulated under iron limiting conditions, highlighting the importance of tonB genes even in iron rich conditions, possibly for utilization of carbohydrates derived from cellulose.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haygood, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dual role of TonB genes in turnerbactin uptake and carbohydrate utilization in the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Striatal enkephalin supports maintenance of conditioned cocaine reward during extinction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug predictive cues and contexts exert powerful control over behavior and can incite drug seeking and taking. This association and the behavioral output are encoded within striatal circuits, and regulation of these circuits by G-protein coupled receptors affects cocaine-related behaviors. Here, we investigated how opioid peptides and G-protein coupled opioid receptors expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) regulate conditioned cocaine seeking. Augmenting levels of the opioid peptide enkephalin in the striatum facilitates acquisition of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). In contrast, opioid receptor antagonists attenuate cocaine CPP and facilitate extinction of alcohol CPP. However, whether striatal enkephalin is necessary for acquisition of cocaine CPP and maintenance during extinction remains unknown. We generated mice with a targeted deletion of enkephalin from dopamine D2-receptor expressing MSNs (D2-PenkKO) and tested them for cocaine CPP. Low striatal enkephalin levels did not attenuate acquisition or expression of CPP; however, D2-PenkKOs showed faster extinction of cocaine CPP. Single administration of the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone prior to preference testing blocked expression of CPP selectively in females, but equally between genotypes. Repeated administration of naloxone during extinction did not facilitate extinction of cocaine CPP for either genotype, but rather prevented extinction in D2-PenkKO mice. We conclude that while striatal enkephalin is not necessary for acquisition of cocaine reward, it maintains the learned association between cocaine and its predictive cues during extinction learning. Further, sex and pre-existing low striatal enkephalin levels may be important considerations for use of naloxone in treating cocaine use disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matsumura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asokan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natividad, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbs, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Striatal enkephalin supports maintenance of conditioned cocaine reward during extinction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.528982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooperativity between H3.3K27M and PDGFRA poses multiple therapeutic vulnerabilities in human iPSC-derived diffuse midline glioma avatars 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.528982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a leading cause of brain tumor death in children. In addition to hallmark H3.3K27M mutations, significant subsets also harbor alterations of other genes, such as TP53 and PDGFRA. Despite the prevalence of H3.3K27M, the results of clinical trials in DMG have been mixed, possibly due to the lack of models recapitulating its genetic heterogeneity. To address this gap, we developed human iPSC-derived tumor models harboring TP53R248Q with or without heterozygous H3.3K27M and/or PDGFRAD842V overexpression. The combination of H3.3K27M and PDGFRAD842V resulted in more proliferative tumors when gene-edited neural progenitor (NP) cells were implanted into mouse brains compared to NP with either mutation alone. Transcriptomic comparison of tumors and their NP cells of origin identified conserved JAK/STAT pathway activation across genotypes as characteristic of malignant transformation. Conversely, integrated genome-wide epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses, as well as rational pharmacologic inhibition, revealed targetable vulnerabilities unique to the TP53R248Q; H3.3K27M; PDGFRAD842V tumors and related to their aggressive growth phenotype. These include AREG-mediated cell cycle control, altered metabolism, and vulnerability to combination ONC201/trametinib treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that cooperation between H3.3K27M and PDGFRA influences tumor biology, underscoring the need for better molecular stratification in DMG clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skinner, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruener, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigore, F.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torii, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seelig, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawauchi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malicki, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benveniste, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.528982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooperativity between H3.3K27M and PDGFRA poses multiple therapeutic vulnerabilities in human iPSC-derived diffuse midline glioma avatars]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating single cell clonal dynamics in human blood using coalescent theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While evolutionary approaches to medicine show promise, measuring evolution itself is difficult due to experimental constraints and the dynamic nature of body systems. In cancer evolution, continuous observation of clonal architecture is impossible, and longitudinal samples from multiple timepoints are rare. Increasingly available DNA sequencing datasets at single cell resolution enable the reconstruction of past evolution using mutational history, allowing for a better understanding of dynamics prior to detectable disease. We derive methods based on coalescent theory for estimating the net growth rate of clones from either reconstructed phylogenies or the number of shared mutations. Using single-cell datasets from blood, we apply and validate our analytical methods for estimating the net growth rate of hematopoietic clones, eliminating the need for complex simulations. We show that our estimates may have broad applications to improve mechanistic understanding and prognostic ability. Compared to clones with a single or unknown driver mutation, clones with multiple drivers have significantly increased growth rates (median 0.94 vs. 0.25 per year; p = 1.6 x 10-6). Further, stratifying patients with a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) by the growth rate of their fittest clone shows that higher growth rates are associated with shorter time from clone initiation to MPN diagnosis (median 13.9 vs. 26.4 months; p = 0.0026).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweinsberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtius, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating single cell clonal dynamics in human blood using coalescent theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying the core genome of the nucleus-forming bacteriophage family and characterization of Erwinia phage RAY 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We recently discovered that some bacteriophages establish a nucleus-like replication compartment (phage nucleus), but the core genes that define nucleus-based phage replication and their phylogenetic distribution were unknown. By studying phages that encode the major phage nucleus protein chimallin, including previously sequenced yet uncharacterized phages, we discovered that chimallin-encoding phages share a set of 72 highly conserved genes encoded within seven distinct gene blocks. Of these, 21 core genes are unique to this group, and all but one of these unique genes encode proteins of unknown function. We propose that phages with this core genome comprise a novel viral family we term Chimalliviridae. Fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography studies of Erwinia phage vB_EamM_RAY confirm that many of the key steps of nucleus-based replication encoded in the core genome are conserved among diverse chimalliviruses, and reveal that non-core components can confer intriguing variations on this replication mechanism. For instance, unlike previously studied nucleus-forming phages, RAY doesnt degrade the host genome, and its PhuZ homolog appears to form a five-stranded filament with a lumen. This work expands our understanding of phage nucleus and PhuZ spindle diversity and function, providing a roadmap for identifying key mechanisms underlying nucleus-based phage replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asavavimol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cafferata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davydov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guereca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hearst, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norquist, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pau, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarabia, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumaker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uyeno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grose, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying the core genome of the nucleus-forming bacteriophage family and characterization of Erwinia phage RAY]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced steroid activation of elephant shark GR and MR after inserting four amino acids from the DBD of lamprey corticoid receptor-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atlantic sea lamprey contains two corticoid receptors (CRs), CR1 and CR2, that have identical amino acid sequences, except for a four amino acid insert (Thr-Arg-Gln-Gly) in the CR1 DNA-binding domain (DBD). Steroids are stronger transcriptional activators of CR2 than of CR1 suggesting that the insert reduces the transcriptional response of lamprey CR1 to steroids. The DBD in elephant shark mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which are descended from a CR, lack these four amino acids, suggesting that a CR2 is their common ancestor. To determine if, similar to lamprey CR1, the presence of this insert in elephant shark MR and GR decreases transcriptional activation by corticosteroids, we inserted these four CR1-specific residues into the DBD of elephant shark MR and GR. Compared to steroid activation of wild-type elephant shark MR and GR, cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol had lower transcriptional activation of these mutant MR and GR receptors, indicating that the absence of this four-residue segment in the DBD in wild-type elephant shark MR and GR increases transcriptional activation by corticosteroids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced steroid activation of elephant shark GR and MR after inserting four amino acids from the DBD of lamprey corticoid receptor-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bactabolize: A tool for high-throughput generation of bacterial strain-specific metabolic models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic capacity can vary substantially within a bacterial species, leading to ecological niche separation, as well as differences in virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility. Genome-scale metabolic models are useful tools for studying the metabolic potential of individuals, and with the rapid expansion of genomic sequencing there is a wealth of data that can be leveraged for comparative analysis. However, there exist few tools to construct strain-specific metabolic models at scale.

Here we describe Bactabolize (github.com/kelwyres/Bactabolize), a reference-based tool which rapidly produces strain-specific metabolic models and growth phenotype predictions. We describe a pan reference model for the priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae (github.com/kelwyres/KpSC-pan-metabolic-model), and a quality control framework for using draft genome assemblies as input for Bactabolize.

The Bactabolize-derived model for K. pneumoniae reference strain KPPR1 performed comparatively or better than currently available automated approaches CarveMe and gapseq across 507 substrate and 2317 knockout mutant growth predictions. Novel draft genomes passing our systematically-defined quality control criteria resulted in models with a high degree of completeness ([&ge;]99% genes and reactions captured compared to models derived from matched complete genomes) and high accuracy (mean 0.97, n=10).

We anticipate the tools and framework described herein will facilitate large-scale metabolic modelling analyses that broaden our understanding of diversity within bacterial species and inform novel control strategies for priority pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vezina, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Judd, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyres, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.26.530115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bactabolize: A tool for high-throughput generation of bacterial strain-specific metabolic models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active maintenance of CD8+ T cell naivety through regulation of global genome architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The differentiation of naive CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into effector and memory states results in large scale changes in transcriptional and phenotypic profiles. Little is known about how large-scale changes in genome organisation reflect or underpin these transcriptional programs. We utilised Hi-C to map changes in the spatial organisation of long-range genome contacts within naive, effector and memory virus-specific CD8+ T cells. We observed that the architecture of the naive CD8+ T cell genome was distinct from effector and memory genome configurations with extensive changes within discrete functional chromatin domains. However, deletion of the BACH2 or SATB1 transcription factors was sufficient to remodel the naive chromatin architecture and engage transcriptional programs characteristic of differentiated cells. This suggests that the chromatin architecture within naive CD8+ T cells is preconfigured to undergo autonomous remodelling upon activation, with key transcription factors restraining differentiation by actively enforcing the unique naive chromatin state.

One Sentence SummaryCD8+ T cell naivety is actively maintained by transcription factors that enforce a distinct, naive chromatin architecture.

HighlightsO_LICD8+ T cell differentiation states are underscored by distinct chromatin looping architectures.
C_LIO_LIChromatin loops juxtapose CTL state appropriate enhancers, transcription factors and genes.
C_LIO_LIEffector and memory CTLs have similar genome architectures, explaining rapid memory recall.
C_LIO_LICTL differentiation is restrained by BACH2 and SATB1, which enforce a naive loop architecture.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russ, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsyganov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olshansky, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barugahare, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>See, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuessing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udupa, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallies, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.26.530139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active maintenance of CD8+ T cell naivety through regulation of global genome architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Angiotensin II receptor inhibition ameliorates liver fibrosis and enhances hepatocellular carcinoma infiltration by effector T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is declining, non-viral HCC, which often is the end-stage of non-alcoholic or alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, ASH), is on an upward trajectory. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that block the T cell inhibitory receptor PD-1 were approved for treatment of all HCC types. However, only a small portion of HCC patients show a robust and sustained response to PD-1 blockade, calling for improved understanding of factors that negatively impact response rate and duration and the discovery of new adjuvant treatments that enhance ICI responsiveness. Using a mouse model of NASH-driven HCC, we identified peritumoral fibrosis as a potential obstacle to T cell mediated tumor regression and postulated that anti-fibrotic medications may increase ICI responsiveness. We now show that the angiotensin II receptor inhibitor losartan, a commonly prescribed and safe antihypertensive drug, reduced liver and peritumoral fibrosis and substantially enhanced anti-PD-1 induced tumor regression. Although losartan did not potentiate T cell reinvigoration, it substantially enhanced HCC infiltration by effector CD8+ T cells compared to PD-1 blockade alone. The beneficial effects of losartan correlated with inhibition of TGF-{beta} receptor signaling, collagen deposition and depletion of immunosuppressive fibroblasts.

SignificanceImmune checkpoint inhibitors are used in HCC treatment but overall response rates for single agent PD-1/PD-L1 blockers have remained stubbornly low. Using a mouse model of NASH-driven HCC, we show that co-treatment with the safe and inexpensive angiotensin II receptor inhibitor losartan substantially enhanced anti-PD-1 triggered HCC regression. Although losartan did not influence the reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells it considerably enhanced their intratumoral invasion, which we postulated to be compromised by peritumoral fibrosis. Indeed, the beneficial effect of losartan correlated with inhibition of TGF-{beta} signaling and collagen deposition, and depletion of immunosuppressive fibroblasts. Losartan should be evaluated for its adjuvant activity in HCC patients undergoing PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryujin, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamseddine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaseb, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalapour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Angiotensin II receptor inhibition ameliorates liver fibrosis and enhances hepatocellular carcinoma infiltration by effector T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring functional organization of posterior parietal cortex circuitry based on information flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many studies infer the role of neurons by asking what information can be decoded from their activity or by observing the consequences of perturbing their activity. An alternative approach is to consider information flow between neurons. We applied this approach to the Parietal Reach Region (PRR) and the Lateral Intraparietal area (LIP) in posterior parietal cortex. Two complementary methods show that, across a range of reaching tasks, information flows primarily from PRR to LIP but not vice versa. This suggests that PRR determines the spatial goals of coordinated eye and arm movements and instructs LIP of those goals. Based on these findings, we conclude that PRR and LIP operate in a parallel rather than hierarchical manner to plan arm and eye movements, respectively. Similar methodology can be applied to other areas to infer their relative relationships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooshagian, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring functional organization of posterior parietal cortex circuitry based on information flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep population reference panel of tandem repeat variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tandem repeats (TRs) represent one of the largest sources of genetic variation in humans and are implicated in a range of phenotypes. Here we present a deep characterization of TR variation based on high coverage whole genome sequencing from 3,550 diverse individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project and H3Africa cohorts. We develop a method, EnsembleTR, to integrate genotypes from four separate methods resulting in high-quality genotypes at more than 1.7 million TR loci. Our catalog reveals novel sequence features influencing TR heterozygosity, identifies population-specific trinucleotide expansions, and finds hundreds of novel eQTL signals. Finally, we generate a phased haplotype panel which can be used to impute most TRs from nearby single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with high accuracy. Overall, the TR genotypes and reference haplotype panel generated here will serve as valuable resources for future genome-wide and population-wide studies of TRs and their role in human phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ziaei Jam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeVito, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lujumba, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksimov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolzhenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakembo, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onyido, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhtiari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javadzadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jjingo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adebiyi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep population reference panel of tandem repeat variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during dynamic loading 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fetal membranes have important mechanical and antimicrobial roles in maintaining pregnancy. However, the small thickness (<800 m) of fetal membranes places them outside the resolution limits of most ultrasound and magnetic resonance systems. Optical imaging methods like optical coherence tomography (OCT) have the potential to fill this resolution gap. Here, OCT and machine learning methods were developed to characterize the ex vivo properties of human fetal membranes under dynamic loading. A saline inflation test was incorporated into an OCT system, and tests were performed on n=33 and n=32 human samples obtained from labored and C-section donors, respectively. Fetal membranes were collected in near-cervical and near-placental locations. Histology, endogenous two photon fluorescence microscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy were used to identify sources of contrast in OCT images of fetal membranes. A convolutional neural network was trained to automatically segment fetal membrane sub-layers with high accuracy (Dice coefficients >0.8). Intact amniochorion bilayer and separated amnion and chorion were individually loaded, and the amnion layer was identified as the load-bearing layer within intact fetal membranes for both labored and C-section samples, consistent with prior work. Additionally, the rupture pressure and thickness of the amniochorion bilayer from the near-placental region were greater than those of the near-cervical region for labored samples. This location-dependent change in fetal membrane thickness was not attributable to the load-bearing amnion layer. Finally, the initial phase of the loading curve indicates that amniochorion bilayer from the near-cervical region is strain-hardened compared to the near-placental region in labored samples. Overall, these studies fill a gap in our understanding of the structural and mechanical properties of human fetal membranes at high resolution under dynamic loading events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras Guzman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltovich, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oyen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skala, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optical coherence tomography of human fetal membrane sub-layers during dynamic loading]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.532097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generating high quality reference genomes from field collected specimens by optimizing preservation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.532097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sample preservation challenges efforts to generate high-quality reference genomes or pangenomes for all 2 million+ plant and animal species. Here we show 95% ethanol protects against degradation for fish blood (22{degrees}C, [&le;]6 weeks) and plant tissue (4{degrees}C, [&le;]3 weeks). Using Nanopore, we assemble high quality reference genomes from three fish and two plant species (contig N50: 6.5-13.8Mb; BUSCO completeness: 94.4-99.2%; QV: 43.8 for M. esculenta).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allsing, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.10.532097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generating high quality reference genomes from field collected specimens by optimizing preservation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic energetics underlying attractors in neural models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.11.532220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural population modeling, including the role of neural attractors, is a promising tool for understanding many aspects of brain function. We propose a modeling framework to connect the abstract variables used in modeling to recent cellular level estimates of the bioenergetic costs of different aspects of neural activity, measured in ATP consumed per second per neuron. Based on recent work, an empirical reference for brain ATP use for the awake resting brain was estimated as [~]2x109 ATP/s-neuron across several mammalian species. The energetics framework was applied to the Wilson-Cowan (WC) model of two interacting populations of neurons, one excitatory (E) and one inhibitory (I). Attractors were considered exhibiting steady-state behavior and limit cycle behavior, both of which end when the excitatory stimulus ends, and sustained activity that persists after the stimulus ends. The general finding was that the energy cost essentially follows the firing rate (average spikes/s) of the E-population, and firing rates of 8-10 spikes/s are in good agreement with the empirical reference value of ATP use. Self-sustained firing driven by recurrent excitation, though, involves higher firing rates and a higher energy cost. By considering a network in which each node is a WC model, we found that a combination of three nodes can serve as a circuit element that turns on when input passes a threshold and then persists after the input ends (an  on-switch), with moderate overall ATP use. The proposed framework can serve as a guide for anchoring neural population models to plausible bioenergetics requirements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buxton, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.11.532220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic energetics underlying attractors in neural models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomics of bacterial-fungal pairwise interactions reveal conserved molecular mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.532449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs) can shape the structure of microbial communities, but the small molecules mediating these BFIs are often understudied. We explored various optimization steps for our microbial culture and chemical extraction protocols for bacterial-fungal co-cultures, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that metabolomic profiles are mainly comprised of fungi derived features, indicating that fungi are the key contributors to small molecule mediated BFIs. LC-inductively coupled plasma MS (LC-ICP-MS) and MS/MS based dereplication using database searching revealed the presence of several known fungal specialized metabolites and structurally related analogues in these extracts, including siderophores such as desferrichrome, desferricoprogen, and palmitoylcoprogen. Among these analogues, a novel putative coprogen analogue possessing a terminal carboxylic acid motif was identified from Scopulariopsis spp. JB370, a common cheese rind fungus, and its structure was elucidated via MS/MS fragmentation. Based on these findings, filamentous fungal species appear to be capable of producing multiple siderophores with potentially different biological roles (i.e. various affinities for different forms of iron). These findings highlight that fungal species are important contributors to microbiomes via their production of abundant specialized metabolites and their role in complex communities should continue to be a priority.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luu, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertekin, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baars, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.532449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomics of bacterial-fungal pairwise interactions reveal conserved molecular mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mathematical model of the disruption of glucose homeostasis in cancer patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this paper we investigate the disruption of the glucose homeostasis at the whole-body level by the presence of cancer disease. Of particular interest are the potentially different responses of patients with or without hyperglycemia (including Diabetes Mellitus) to the cancer challenge, and how tumor growth, in turn, responds to hyperglycemia and its medical management. We propose a mathematical model that describes the competition between cancer cells and glucosedependent healthy cells for a shared glucose resource. We also include the metabolic reprogramming of healthy cells by cancer-cell-initiated mechanism to reflect the interplay between the two cell populations. We parametrize this model and carry out numerical simulations of various scenarios, with growth of tumor mass and loss of healthy body mass as endpoints. We report sets of cancer characteristics that show plausible disease histories. We investigate parameters that change cancer cells aggressiveness, and we exhibit differing responses in diabetic and non-diabetic, in the absence or presence of glycemic control. Our model predictions are in line with observations of weight loss in cancer patients and the increased growth (or earlier onset) of tumor in diabetic individuals. The model will also aid future studies on countermeasures such as the reduction of circulating glucose in cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salentine, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinter, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinow, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mathematical model of the disruption of glucose homeostasis in cancer patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying drug effects in a cardiac model of electrophysiology using kernel-based parameter estimation methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractCurrent methods for solving inverse problems in cardiac electrophysiology are limited by their accuracy, scalability, practicality, or a combination of these. In this proof-of-concept study we demonstrate the feasibility of using kernel methods to solve the inverse problem of estimating the parameters of ionic membrane currents from observations of corresponding action potential (AP) traces. In particular, we consider AP traces generated by a cardiac cell action potential model, which mimics those obtained experimentally in measurable in vitro cardiac systems. Using synthetic training data from the 1977 Beeler-Reuter AP model of mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate our recently proposed boosted kernel ridge regression (KRR) solver StreaMRAK, which is particularly robust and well-adapted for high-complexity functions. We show that this method is less memory demanding, estimates the model parameters with higher accuracy, and is less exposed to parameter sensitivity issues than existing methods, such as standard KRR solvers and loss-minimization schemes based on nearest-neighbor heuristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oslandsbotn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloninger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying drug effects in a cardiac model of electrophysiology using kernel-based parameter estimation methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.533036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted DNA integration in human cells without double-strand breaks using CRISPR RNA-guided transposases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.533036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional genome-editing reagents such as CRISPR-Cas9 achieve targeted DNA modification by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs), thereby stimulating localized DNA repair by endogenous cellular repair factors. While highly effective at generating heterogenous knockout mutations, this approach suffers from undesirable byproducts and an inability to control product purity. Here we develop a system in human cells for programmable, DSB-free DNA integration using Type I CRISPR-associated transposons (CASTs). To adapt our previously described CAST systems, we optimized DNA targeting by the QCascade complex through a comprehensive assessment of protein design, and we developed potent transcriptional activators by exploiting the multi-valent recruitment of the AAA+ ATPase, TnsC, to genomic sites targeted by QCascade. After initial detection of plasmid-based transposition, we screened 15 homologous CAST systems from a wide range of bacterial hosts, identified a CAST homolog from Pseudoalteromonas that exhibited improved activity, and increased integration efficiencies through parameter optimization. We further discovered that bacterial ClpX enhances genomic integration by multiple orders of magnitude, and we propose that this critical accessory factor functions to drive active disassembly of the post-transposition CAST complex, akin to its demonstrated role in Mu transposition. Our work highlights the ability to functionally reconstitute complex, multi-component machineries in human cells, and establishes a strong foundation to realize the full potential of CRISPR-associated transposons for human genome engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lampe, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halpin-Healy, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klompe, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, P. L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternberg, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.17.533036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted DNA integration in human cells without double-strand breaks using CRISPR RNA-guided transposases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.533041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leptomeningeal anti-tumor immunity follows unique signaling principles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.17.533041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastasis to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled leptomeninges, or leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), represents a fatal complication of cancer. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of human CSF reveal a substantial inflammatory infiltrate in LM. We find the solute and immune composition of CSF in the setting of LM changes dramatically, with notable enrichment in IFN-{gamma} signaling. To investigate the mechanistic relationships between immune cell signaling and cancer cells within the leptomeninges, we developed syngeneic lung, breast, and melanoma LM mouse models. Here we show that transgenic host mice, lacking IFN-{gamma} or its receptor, fail to control LM growth. Overexpression of Ifng through a targeted AAV system controls cancer cell growth independent of adaptive immunity. Instead, leptomeningeal IFN-{gamma} actively recruits and activates peripheral myeloid cells, generating a diverse spectrum of dendritic cell subsets. These migratory, CCR7+ dendritic cells orchestrate the influx, proliferation, and cytotoxic action of natural killer cells to control cancer cell growth in the leptomeninges. This work uncovers leptomeningeal-specific IFN-{gamma} signaling and suggests a novel immune-therapeutic approach against tumors within this space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Remsik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunes, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabot, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sener, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilcox, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isakov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bale, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaligne, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pe'er, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boire, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.17.533041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leptomeningeal anti-tumor immunity follows unique signaling principles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial-temporal expression analysis of lineage-restricted shell matrix proteins reveals shell field regionalization and distinct cell populations in the slipper snail Crepidula atrasolea 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.18.532128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molluscs are one of the most morphologically diverse clades of metazoans, exhibiting an immense diversification of calcium carbonate structures, such as the shell. Biomineralization of the calcified shell is dependent on shell matrix proteins (SMPs). While SMP diversity is hypothesized to drive molluscan shell diversity, we are just starting to unravel SMP evolutionary history and biology. Here we leveraged two complementary model mollusc systems, Crepidula fornicata and Crepidula atrasolea, to determine the lineage-specificity of 185 Crepidula SMPs. We found that 95% of the adult C. fornicata shell proteome belongs to conserved metazoan and molluscan orthogroups, with molluscan-restricted orthogroups containing half of all SMPs in the shell proteome. The low number of C. fornicata-restricted SMPs contradicts the generally-held notion that an animals biomineralization toolkit is dominated by mostly novel genes. Next, we selected a subset of lineage-restricted SMPs for spatial-temporal analysis using in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR) during larval stages in C. atrasolea. We found that 12 out of 18 SMPs analyzed are expressed in the shell field. Notably, these genes are present in 5 expression patterns, which define at least three distinct cell populations within the shell field. These results represent the most comprehensive analysis of gastropod SMP evolutionary age and shell field expression patterns to date. Collectively, these data lay the foundation for future work to interrogate the molecular mechanisms and cell fate decisions underlying molluscan mantle specification and diversification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Anido, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batzel, G. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.18.532128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial-temporal expression analysis of lineage-restricted shell matrix proteins reveals shell field regionalization and distinct cell populations in the slipper snail Crepidula atrasolea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification of elongation stalls and impact on gene expression in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomal pauses are a critical part of co-translational events including protein folding and localization. However, extended ribosome pauses can lead to ribosome collisions, resulting in the activation of ribosome rescue pathways and turnover of protein and mRNA. While this relationship has been known, the specific threshold between permissible pausing versus activation of rescue pathways has not been quantified. We have taken a method used to measure elongation time and adapted it for use in S. cerevisiae to quantify the impact of elongation stalls. We find, in transcripts containing Arg CGA codon repeat-induced stalls, a Hel2-mediated dose-dependent decrease in protein expression and mRNA level and an elongation delay on the order of minutes. In transcripts that contain synonymous substitutions to non-optimal Leu codons, there is a decrease in protein and mRNA levels, as well as similar elongation delay, but this occurs through a non-Hel2-mediated mechanism. Finally, we find that Dhh1 selectively increases protein expression, mRNA level, and elongation rate. This indicates that distinct poorly translated codons in an mRNA will activate different rescue pathways despite similar elongation stall durations. Taken together, these results provide new quantitative mechanistic insight into the surveillance of translation and the roles of Hel2 and Dhh1 in mediating ribosome pausing events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harjono, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification of elongation stalls and impact on gene expression in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutant Prion Protein Endoggresomes are Hubs for Local Axonal Organelle-Cytoskeletal Remodeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.533383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dystrophic axons comprising misfolded mutant prion protein (PrP) aggregates are a characteristic pathological feature in the prionopathies. These aggregates form inside endolysosomes -called endoggresomes-, within swellings that line up the length of axons of degenerating neurons. The pathways impaired by endoggresomes that result in failed axonal and consequently neuronal health, remain undefined. Here, we dissect the local subcellular impairments that occur within individual mutant PrP endoggresome swelling sites in axons. Quantitative high-resolution light and electron microscopy revealed the selective impairment of the acetylated vs tyrosinated microtubule cytoskeleton, while micro-domain image analysis of live organelle dynamics within swelling sites revealed deficits uniquely to the MT-based active transport system that translocates mitochondria and endosomes toward the synapse. Cytoskeletal and defective transport results in the retention of mitochondria, endosomes, and molecular motors at swelling sites, enhancing mitochondria-Rab7 late endosome contacts that induce mitochondrial fission via the activity of Rab7, and render mitochondria dysfunctional. Our findings point to mutant Pr Pendoggresome swelling sites as selective hubs of cytoskeletal deficits and organelle retention that drive the remodeling of organelles along axons. We propose that the dysfunction imparted locally within these axonal micro-domains spreads throughout the axon over time, leading to axonal dysfunction in prionopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaiamarit, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chassefeyre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser Novak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Encalada, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.533383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutant Prion Protein Endoggresomes are Hubs for Local Axonal Organelle-Cytoskeletal Remodeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell analysis of shared signatures and transcriptional diversity during zebrafish development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development, animals generate distinct cell populations with specific identities, functions, and morphologies. We mapped transcriptionally distinct populations across 489,686 cells from 62 stages during wild-type zebrafish embryogenesis and early larval development (3-120 hours post-fertilization). Using these data, we identified the limited catalog of gene expression programs reused across multiple tissues and their cell-type-specific adaptations. We also determined the duration each transcriptional state is present during development and suggest new long-term cycling populations. Focused analyses of non-skeletal muscle and the endoderm identified transcriptional profiles of understudied cell types and subpopulations, including the pneumatic duct, individual intestinal smooth muscle layers, spatially distinct pericyte subpopulations, and homologs of recently discovered human best4+ enterocytes. The transcriptional regulators of these populations remain unknown, so we reconstructed gene expression trajectories to suggest candidates. To enable additional discoveries, we make this comprehensive transcriptional atlas of early zebrafish development available through our website, Daniocell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell analysis of shared signatures and transcriptional diversity during zebrafish development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guidelines for Evaluating the Comparability of Down-Sampled GWAS Summary Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proprietary genetic datasets are valuable for boosting the statistical power of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), but their use can restrict investigators from publicly sharing the resulting summary statistics. Although researchers can resort to sharing down-sampled versions that exclude restricted data, down-sampling reduces power and might change the genetic etiology of the phenotype being studied. These problems are further complicated when using multivariate GWAS methods, such as genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM), that model genetic correlations across multiple traits. Here, we propose a systematic approach to assess the comparability of GWAS summary statistics that include versus exclude restricted data. Illustrating this approach with a multivariate GWAS of an externalizing factor, we assessed the impact of down-sampling on (1) the strength of the genetic signal in univariate GWASs, (2) the factor loadings and model fit in multivariate Genomic SEM, (3) the strength of the genetic signal at the factor level, (4) insights from gene-property analyses, (5) the pattern of genetic correlations with other traits, and (6) polygenic score analyses in independent samples. For the externalizing GWAS, down-sampling resulted in a loss of genetic signal and fewer genome-wide significant loci, while the factor loadings and model fit, gene-property analyses, genetic correlations, and polygenic score analyses are robust. Given the importance of data sharing for the advancement of open science, we recommend that investigators who share down-sampled summary statistics report these analyses as accompanying documentation to support other researchers use of the summary statistics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poore, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanksley, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kweon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne-Krak, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Londono-Correa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallard, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koellinger, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linner, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guidelines for Evaluating the Comparability of Down-Sampled GWAS Summary Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle using a novel cybernetic-inspired approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.21.533676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative understanding of cellular processes, such as cell cycle and differentiation, is impeded by various forms of complexity ranging from myriad molecular players and their multilevel regulatory interactions, cellular evolution with multiple intermediate stages, lack of elucidation of cause-effect relationships among the many system players, and the computational complexity associated with the profusion of variables and parameters. In this paper, we present an elegant modeling framework based on the cybernetic concept that biological regulation is inspired by objectives embedding entirely novel strategies for dimension reduction, process stage specification through the system dynamics, and innovative causal association of regulatory events with the ability to predict the evolution of the dynamical system. The elementary step of the modeling strategy involves stage-specific objective functions that are computationally-determined from experiments, augmented with dynamical network computations involving end point objective functions, mutual information, change point detection, and maximal clique centrality. We demonstrate the power of the method through application to the mammalian cell cycle, which involves thousands of biomolecules engaged in signaling, transcription, and regulation. Starting with a fine-grained transcriptional description obtained from RNA sequencing measurements, we develop an initial model, which is then dynamically modeled using the cybernetic-inspired method (CIM), utilizing the strategies described above. The CIM is able to distill the most significant interactions from a multitude of possibilities. In addition to capturing the complexity of regulatory processes in a mechanistically causal and stage-specific manner, we identify the functional network modules, including novel cell cycle stages. Our model is able to predict future cell cycles consistent with experimental measurements. We posit that this state-of-the-art framework has the promise to extend to the dynamics of other biological processes, with a potential to provide novel mechanistic insights.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCECellular processes like cell cycle are overly complex, involving multiple players interacting at multiple levels, and explicit modeling of such systems is challenging. The availability of longitudinal RNA measurements provides an opportunity to "reverse-engineer" for novel regulatory models. We develop a novel framework, inspired using goal-oriented cybernetic model, to implicitly model transcriptional regulation by constraining the system using inferred temporal goals. A preliminary causal network based on information-theory is used as a starting point, and our framework is used to distill the network to temporally-based networks containing essential molecular players. The strength of this approach is its ability to dynamically model the RNA temporal measurements. The approach developed paves the way for inferring regulatory processes in many complex cellular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raja, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanum, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aboulmouna, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramkrishna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle using a novel cybernetic-inspired approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial short-chain fatty acids regulate drug seeking and transcriptional control in a model of cocaine seeking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cocaine use disorder represents a public health crisis with no FDA-approved medications for its treatment. A growing body of research has detailed the important connections between the brain and the resident population of bacteria in the gut, the gut microbiome in psychiatric disease models. Acute depletion of gut bacteria results in enhanced reward in a mouse cocaine place preference model, and repletion of bacterially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites reverses this effect. However, the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in modulating cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged abstinence is unknown. Given that relapse prevention is the most clinically challenging issue in treating substance use disorders, studies examining the effects of microbiome manipulations in relapse-relevant models are critical. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats received either untreated water or antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and subjected to either within-session threshold testing to evaluate motivation for cocaine or 21 days of abstinence followed by a cue-induced cocaine-seeking task to model relapse behavior. Microbiome depletion did not affect cocaine acquisition on an FR1 schedule. However, microbiome-depleted subjects exhibited significantly enhanced motivation for low dose cocaine on a within-session threshold task. Similarly, microbiome depletion increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking following prolonged abstinence. In the absence of a normal microbiome, repletion of bacterially-derived SCFA metabolites reversed the behavioral and transcriptional changes associated with microbiome depletion. These findings suggest that gut bacteria, via their metabolites, are key regulators of drug-seeking behaviors, positioning the microbiome as a potential translational research target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meckel, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peck, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calipari, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofford, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiraly, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial short-chain fatty acids regulate drug seeking and transcriptional control in a model of cocaine seeking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.532286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-omics strategy for the study of microbial metabolism: application to the human skin's microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.532286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although metabolomics data acquisition and analysis technologies have become increasingly sophisticated over the past 5-10 years, deciphering a metabolites function from a description of its structure and its abundance in a given experimental setting is still a major scientific and intellectual challenge. To point out ways to address this  data to knowledge challenge, we developed a functional metabolomics strategy that combines state-of-the-art data analysis tools and applied it to a human scalp metabolomics dataset: Skin swabs from healthy volunteers with normal or oily scalp (Sebumeter score 60-120, n = 33; Sebumeter score > 120, n = 41) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, yielding four metabolomics datasets for RP18 or HILIC separation in ESI+ or ESI- ionization mode. Following our data analysis strategy, we were able to obtain increasingly comprehensive structural and functional annotations, by applying the GNPS (Wang et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2016), SIRIUS (Duhrkop et al. Nat. Methods 2019), and MicrobeMASST (Zuffa et al., bioRxiv 2023) tools. We finally combined the metabolomics data with a corresponding metagenomic sequencing dataset using MMvec (Morton et al., Nat. Methods 2019), gaining insights into the metabolic niche of one of the most prominent microbes on the human skin, Staphylococcus epidermidis.

IMPORTANCESystems biology research on host-associated microbiota focuses on two fundamental questions: Which microbes are present and how do they interact with each other, their host, and the broader host environment? Metagenomics provides us with a direct answer to the first part of the question: it unveils the microbial inhabitants, e.g., on our skin, and can provide insight into their functional potential. Yet, it falls short in revealing their active role. Metabolomics shows us the chemical composition of the environment in which microbes thrive and the transformation products they produce. In particular, untargeted metabolomics has the potential to observe a diverse set of metabolites and is thus an ideal complement to metagenomics. However, this potential often remains underexplored due to the low annotation rates in MS-based metabolomics and the necessity for multiple experimental chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. Beyond detection, prospecting metabolites functional role in the host/microbiome metabolome requires identifying the biological processes and entities involved in their production and biotransformations. In the present study of the human scalp, we developed a strategy to achieve comprehensive structural and functional annotation of the metabolites in the human scalp environment, thus diving one step deeper into the interpretation of  omics data. Leveraging a collection of openly accessible software tools and integrating microbiome data as a source of functional metabolite annotations, we finally identified the specific metabolic niche of Staphylococcus epidermidis, one of the key players of the human skin microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garlet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leoty-Okombi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andre-Frei, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ternes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.26.532286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-omics strategy for the study of microbial metabolism: application to the human skin's microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A network of CD163+ macrophages monitors enhanced permeability at the blood-dorsal root ganglion barrier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In dorsal root ganglia (DRG), macrophages reside in close proximity to sensory neurons, and their functions have largely been explored in the context of pain, nerve injury and repair. In this study, however, we discovered that the majority of macrophages in DRGs are in direct contact with the vasculature where they constantly monitor the circulation, efficiently phagocytosing proteins and macromolecules from the blood. Characterization of the DRG endothelium revealed a specialized vascular network spanning the arteriovenous axis, which gradually transformed from a barrier type endothelium in arteries to a highly permeable endothelium in veins. Macrophage phagocytosis spatially aligned with peak endothelial permeability and we identified caveolar transcytosis as a mechanism regulating endothelial permeability. Profiling of the DRG immune landscape revealed two subsets of perivascular macrophages with distinct transcriptome, turnover and function. CD163 expressing macrophages self-maintained locally, specifically participated in vasculature monitoring, displayed distinct responses during peripheral inflammation and were conserved in mouse and Man. Our work provides a molecular explanation for the permeability of the blood-DRG barrier and identifies an unappreciated role of macrophages as integral components of the DRG-neurovascular unit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lund, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurtovic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fereydouni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julien, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goeritz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haglund, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svensson, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.27.534318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A network of CD163+ macrophages monitors enhanced permeability at the blood-dorsal root ganglion barrier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FLASH-RT does not affect chromosome translocations and junction structures beyond that of CONV-RT dose-rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.27.534408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular and cellular mechanisms driving the enhanced therapeutic ratio of ultra-high dose-rate radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) over slower conventional (CONV-RT) radiotherapy dose-rate remain to be elucidated. However, attenuated DNA damage and transient oxygen depletion are among several proposed models. Here, we tested whether FLASH-RT under physioxic (4% O2) and hypoxic conditions ([&le;]2% O2) reduces genome-wide translocations relative to CONV-RT and whether any differences identified revert under normoxic (21% O2) conditions. We employed high-throughput rejoin and genome-wide translocation sequencing (HTGTS-JoinT-seq), using S. aureus and S. pyogenes Cas9 "bait" DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), to measure differences in bait-proximal repair and their genome-wide translocations to "prey" DSBs generated by electron beam CONV-RT (0.08-0.13Gy/s) and FLASH-RT (1x102-5x106 Gy/s), under varying ionizing radiation (IR) doses and oxygen tensions. Normoxic and physioxic irradiation of HEK293T cells increased translocations at the cost of decreasing bait-proximal repair but were indistinguishable between CONV-RT and FLASH-RT. Although no apparent increase in chromosome translocations was observed with hypoxia-induced apoptosis, the combined decrease in oxygen tension with IR dose-rate modulation did not reveal significant differences in the level of translocations nor in their junction structures. Thus, Irrespective of oxygen tension, FLASH-RT produces translocations and junction structures at levels and proportions that are indistinguishable from CONV-RT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barghouth, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melemenidis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montay-Gruel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollivier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanathan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorge, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlabadkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manjappa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Bouteiller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surucu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxim, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limoli, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vozenin, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frock, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.27.534408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FLASH-RT does not affect chromosome translocations and junction structures beyond that of CONV-RT dose-rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural constraints explain working memory capacity limitations in sensory-cognitive models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The limited capacity of the brain to retain information in working memory has been well-known and studied for decades, yet the root of this limitation remains unclear. Here we built sensory-cognitive neural network models of working memory that perform tasks using raw visual stimuli. Contrary to intuitions that working memory capacity limitation stems from memory or cognitive constraints, we found that pre-training the sensory region of our models with natural images imposes sufficient constraints on models to exhibit a wide range of human-like behaviors in visual working memory tasks designed to probe capacity. Examining the neural mechanisms in our model reveals that capacity limitation mainly arises in a bottom-up manner. Our models offer a principled and functionally grounded explanation for the working memory capacity limitation without parameter fitting to behavioral data or much hyperparameter tuning. This work highlights the importance of developing models with realistic sensory processing even when investigating memory and other high-level cognitive phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cueva, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural constraints explain working memory capacity limitations in sensory-cognitive models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Melanoma clonal subline analysis uncovers heterogeneity-driven immunotherapy resistance mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) can promote cancer progression and treatment failure, but the complexity of the regulatory programs and contextual factors involved complicates its study. To understand the specific contribution of ITH to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response, we generated single cell-derived clonal sublines from an ICB-sensitive and genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous mouse melanoma model, M4. Genomic and single cell transcriptomic analyses uncovered the diversity of the sublines and evidenced their plasticity. Moreover, a wide range of tumor growth kinetics were observed in vivo, in part associated with mutational profiles and dependent on T cell-response. Further inquiry into melanoma differentiation states and tumor microenvironment (TME) subtypes of untreated tumors from the clonal sublines demonstrated correlations between highly inflamed and differentiated phenotypes with the response to anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Our results demonstrate that M4 sublines generate intratumoral heterogeneity at both levels of intrinsic differentiation status and extrinsic TME profiles, thereby impacting tumor evolution during therapeutic treatment. These clonal sublines proved to be a valuable resource to study the complex determinants of response to ICB, and specifically the role of melanoma plasticity in immune evasion mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gruen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sassano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehrabadi, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needle, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebersole, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcelus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malikic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinalp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannenhalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merlino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Guijarro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Melanoma clonal subline analysis uncovers heterogeneity-driven immunotherapy resistance mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation mechanism and activity of globupain, a thermostable C11 protease from the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge hydrothermal system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems with prevailing extreme thermal conditions for life offer unique habitats to source heat tolearant enzymes with potential new enzymatic properties. Here, we present the novel C11 protease globupain, prospected from a metagenome-assembled genome of uncultivated Archaeoglobales sampled from the Soria Moria hydrothermal vent system located on the Arctic Mid- Ocean Ridges. By sequence comparisons against the MEROPS-MPRO database, globupain showed highest sequence identity to C11-like proteases present in human gut and intestinal bacteria. Successful recombinant expression in Escherichia coli of the active zymogen and 13 mutant substitution variants allowed assesment of residues involved in maturation and activity of the enzyme. For activation, globupain required the addition of DTT and Ca{superscript 2}. When activated, the 52 kDa proenzyme was processed at Lys137 and Lys144 into a 12 kDa light- and 32 kDa heavy chain heterodimer. A structurally conserved His132/Cys185 catalytic dyad was responsible for the proteolytic activity, and the enzyme demonstrated the ability to activate in-trans. Globupain exhibited caseinolytic activity and showed a strong preference for arginine in the P1 position, with Boc-QAR- aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as the best substrate out of a total of 17 fluorogenic AMC substrates tested. Globupain was thermostable (Tm activated enzyme = 94.51 {+/-} 0.09{degrees}C) with optimal activity at 75 {degrees}C and pH 7.1. By characterizing globupain, our knowledge of the catalytic properties and activation mechanisms of temperature tolerant marine C11 proteases have been expanded. The unique combination of features such as elevated thermostability, activity at relatively low pH values, and ability to operate under high reducing conditions makes globupain a potential intriguing candidate for use in diverse industrial and biotechnology sectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Royseth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurysz, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczorowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedoy, A.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serafim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werbowy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczorowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steen, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation mechanism and activity of globupain, a thermostable C11 protease from the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge hydrothermal system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoreceptor disc incisures form as an adaptive mechanism ensuring the completion of disc enclosure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The first steps of vision take place within a stack of tightly packed disc-shaped membranes, or "discs", located in the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells. In rod photoreceptors, discs are enclosed inside the outer segment and contain deep indentations in their rims called "incisures". The presence of incisures has been documented in a variety of species, yet their role remains elusive. In this study, we combined traditional electron microscopy with three-dimensional electron tomography to demonstrate that incisures are formed only after discs become completely enclosed. We also observed that, at the earliest stage of their formation, discs are not round as typically depicted but rather are highly irregular in shape and resemble expanding lamellipodia. Using genetically manipulated mice and frogs and measuring outer segment protein abundances by quantitative mass spectrometry, we further found that incisure size is determined by the molar ratio between peripherin-2, a disc rim protein critical for the process of disc enclosure, and rhodopsin, the major structural component of disc membranes. While a high perpherin-2 to rhodopsin ratio causes an increase in incisure size and structural complexity, a low ratio precludes incisure formation. Based on these data, we propose a model whereby normal rods express a modest excess of peripherin-2 over the amount required for complete disc enclosure in order to ensure that this important step of disc formation is accomplished. Once the disc is enclosed, the excess peripherin-2 incorporates into the rim to form an incisure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppenrath, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skiba, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horb, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshavsky, V. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoreceptor disc incisures form as an adaptive mechanism ensuring the completion of disc enclosure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structured memory representations develop at multiple time scales in hippocampal-cortical networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influential views of systems memory consolidation posit that the hippocampus rapidly forms representations of specific events, while neocortical networks extract regularities across events, forming the basis of schemas and semantic knowledge. Neocortical extraction of schematic memory representations is thought to occur on a protracted timescale of months, especially for information that is unrelated to prior knowledge. However, this theorized evolution of memory representations across extended timescales, and differences in the temporal dynamics of consolidation across brain regions, lack reliable empirical support. To examine the temporal dynamics of memory representations, we repeatedly exposed human participants to structured information via sequences of fractals, while undergoing longitudinal fMRI for three months. Sequence-specific activation patterns emerged in the hippocampus during the first 1-2 weeks of learning, followed one week later by high-level visual cortex, and subsequently the medial prefrontal and parietal cortices. Schematic, sequence-general representations emerged in the prefrontal cortex after 3 weeks of learning, followed by the medial temporal lobe and anterior temporal cortex. Moreover, hippocampal and most neocortical representations showed sustained rather than time-limited dynamics, suggesting that representations tend to persist across learning. These results show that specific hippocampal representations emerge early, followed by both specific and schematic representations at a gradient of timescales across hippocampal-cortical networks as learning unfolds. Thus, memory representations do not exist only in specific brain regions at a given point in time, but are simultaneously present at multiple levels of abstraction across hippocampal-cortical networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tambini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehlert, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyonaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structured memory representations develop at multiple time scales in hippocampal-cortical networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frizzled2 receives the WntA morphogen during butterfly wing pattern formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Butterfly color patterns provide visible and biodiverse phenotypic readouts of the patterning processes that occur in a developing epithelium. While the secreted ligand WntA was shown to instruct the color pattern formation in butterflies, its modes of reception and signal transduction remain elusive. Butterfly genomes encode four homologues of the Frizzled-family of Wnt receptors. Here we show that CRISPR mosaic knock-outs of frizzled2 (fz2) phenocopy the color pattern effects of WntA loss-of-function in multiple nymphalids. While WntA mosaic clones result in intermediate patterns of reduced size, consistently with a morphogen function, fz2 clones are cell-autonomous. Shifts in pupal expression in WntA crispants show that WntA and fz2 are under positive and negative feedback, respectively. Fz1 is required for Wnt-independent planar cell polarity (PCP) in the wing epithelium. Fz3 and Fz4 show phenotypes consistent with Wnt competitive-antagonist functions in vein formation (Fz3 and Fz4), wing margin specification (Fz3), and color patterning in the Discalis and Marginal Band Systems (Fz4). Overall, these data show that the WntA/Frizzled2 morphogen-receptor pair forms a signaling axis that instructs butterfly color patterning, and shed light on the functional diversity of insect Frizzled receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanly, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazo-Vargas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Miranda, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livraghi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tendolkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liutikaite, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earls, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corning, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Souza, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermina-Perez, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ainsworth, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMillan, W. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frizzled2 receives the WntA morphogen during butterfly wing pattern formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of differentially recognized T cell epitopes in the spectrum of Mtb infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.12.536550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent. Identifying dominant epitopes and comparing their reactivity in different tuberculosis (TB) infection states can help design diagnostics and vaccines. We performed a proteome-wide screen of 20,610 Mtb derived peptides in 21 Active TB (ATB) patients 3-4 months post-diagnosis of pulmonary TB (mid-treatment) using an IFN{gamma} and IL-17 Fluorospot assay. Responses were mediated exclusively by IFN{gamma} and identified a total of 137 unique epitopes, with each patient recognizing, on average, 8 individual epitopes and 22 epitopes (16%) recognized by 2 or more participants. Responses were predominantly directed against antigens part of the cell wall and cell processes category. Testing 517 peptides spanning TB vaccine candidates and ESAT- 6 and CFP10 antigens also revealed differential recognition between ATB participants mid-treatment and healthy IGRA+ participants of several vaccine antigens. An ATB-specific peptide pool consisting of epitopes exclusively recognized by participants mid-treatment, allowed distinguishing participants with active pulmonary TB from healthy interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)+/- participants from diverse geographical locations. Analysis of longitudinal samples indicated decreased reactivity during treatment for pulmonary TB. Together, these results show that a proteome-wide screen of T cell reactivity identifies epitopes and antigens that are differentially recognized depending on the Mtb infection stage. These have potential use in developing diagnostics and vaccine candidates and measuring correlates of protection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilman, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciobanu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crudu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catanzaro, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catanzaro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodwell, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chathuranga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasena, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSilva, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.12.536550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of differentially recognized T cell epitopes in the spectrum of Mtb infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development, Characterization, and Structural Analysis of a Genetically Encoded Red Fluorescent Peroxynitrite Biosensor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Boronic acid-containing fluorescent molecules have been widely used to sense hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, which are important reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in biological systems. However, it has been challenging to gain specificity. Our previous studies developed genetically encoded, green fluorescent peroxynitrite biosensors by genetically incorporating a boronic acid-containing noncanonical amino acid (ncAA), p-boronophenylalanine (pBoF), into the chromophore of circularly permuted green fluorescent proteins (cpGFPs). In this work, we introduced pBoF to amino acid residues spatially close to the chromophore of an enhanced circularly permuted red fluorescent protein (ecpApple). Our effort has resulted in two responsive ecpApple mutants: one bestows reactivity toward both peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, while the other, namely pnRFP, is a selective red fluorescent peroxynitrite biosensor. We characterized pnRFP in vitro and in live mammalian cells. We further studied the structure and sensing mechanism of pnRFP using X-ray crystallography, 11B-NMR, and computational methods. The boron atom in pnRFP adopts an sp2-hybridization geometry in a hydrophobic pocket, and the reaction of pnRFP with peroxynitrite generates a product with a twisted chromophore, corroborating the observed "turn-off" fluorescence response. Thus, this study extends the color palette of genetically encoded peroxynitrite biosensors, provides insight into the response mechanism of the new biosensor, and demonstrates the versatility of using protein scaffolds to modulate chemoreactivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development, Characterization, and Structural Analysis of a Genetically Encoded Red Fluorescent Peroxynitrite Biosensor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The seventh iteration of the reference genome assembly for Rattus norvegicus-- mRatBN7.2--corrects numerous misplaced segments and reduces base-level errors by approximately 9-fold and increases contiguity by 290-fold compared to its predecessor. Gene annotations are now more complete, significantly improving the mapping precision of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics data sets. We jointly analyzed 163 short-read whole genome sequencing datasets representing 120 laboratory rat strains and substrains using mRatBN7.2. We defined [~]20.0 million sequence variations, of which 18.7 thousand are predicted to potentially impact the function of 6,677 genes. We also generated a new rat genetic map from 1,893 heterogeneous stock rats and annotated transcription start sites and alternative polyadenylation sites. The mRatBN7.2 assembly, along with the extensive analysis of genomic variations among rat strains, enhances our understanding of the rat genome, providing researchers with an expanded resource for studies involving rats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Jong, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rastas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tutaj, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colonna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalgard, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demos, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doris, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geurts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunturkun, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guryev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hourlier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalbfleisch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahaffey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozel, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pravenec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prins, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabakoff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uliano-Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwitek, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid bacteria-phage coevolution drives the emergence of multi-scale networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactions between species have catalyzed the evolution of multiscale ecological networks-including both nested and modular elements that regulate the function of diverse communities. One common assumption is that such complex pattern formation requires long evolutionary timescales, spatial isolation, or other exogenous processes. Here we show that multiscale network structure can evolve rapidly under simple ecological conditions without spatial structure. In just 21 days of laboratory coevolution, Escherichia coli and bacteriophage {Phi}21 coevolve and diversify to form elaborate cross-infection networks. By measuring [~]10,000 phage-bacteria infections and testing the genetic basis of interactions, we identify the mechanisms that create each component of the multiscale pattern. Initially, nested patterns form through an arms race where hosts successively lose the original receptor (LamB) and phages evolve to use a second (OmpC) and then a third (OmpF) receptor. Next, modules form when the cost of losing the third receptor, OmpF, increases and bacteria evolve resistance mutations that modify the OmpF receptors extramembrane loops. In turn, phages evolve adaptations that facilitate specialized interactions with different OmpF variants. Nestedness reemerges within modules as bacteria evolve increased resistance and phages enhance infectivity against module-specific receptor variants. Our results demonstrate how multiscale networks evolve in parasite-host systems, illustrating Darwins idea that simple adaptive processes can generate entangled banks of ecological interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucia-Sanz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerbino, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid bacteria-phage coevolution drives the emergence of multi-scale networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.536974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EGFR+ lung adenocarcinomas coopt alveolar macrophage metabolism and function to support EGFR signaling and growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.15.536974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The limited efficacy of currently approved immunotherapies in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) underscores the need to better understand mechanisms governing local immunosuppression. Elevated surfactant and GM-CSF secretion from the transformed epithelium induces tumor-associated alveolar macrophages (TA-AM) to proliferate and support tumor growth by rewiring inflammatory functions and lipid metabolism. TA-AM properties are driven by increased GM-CSF--PPAR{gamma} signaling and inhibition of airway GM-CSF or PPAR{gamma} in TA-AMs suppresses cholesterol efflux to tumor cells, which impairs EGFR phosphorylation and restrains LUAD progression. In the absence of TA-AM metabolic support, LUAD cells compensate by increasing cholesterol synthesis, and blocking PPAR{gamma} in TA-AMs simultaneous with statin therapy further suppresses tumor progression and increases T cell effector functions. These results reveal new therapeutic combinations for immunotherapy resistant EGFR-mutant LUADs and demonstrate how such cancer cells can metabolically co-opt TA-AMs through GM-CSF--PPAR{gamma} signaling to provide nutrients that promote oncogenic signaling and growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuhlmann-Hogan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robles-Oteiza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayeni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nobari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, G. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Politi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.15.536974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EGFR+ lung adenocarcinomas coopt alveolar macrophage metabolism and function to support EGFR signaling and growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sperm Whales Demographics in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands: An Overlooked Female Habitat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sperm whales exhibit sexual dimorphism and sex-specific latitudinal segregation. Females and their young form social groups and are usually found in temperate and tropical latitudes, while males forage at higher latitudes. Historical whaling data and rare sightings of social groups in high latitude regions of the North Pacific, such as the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (BSAI), suggest a more nuanced distribution than previously understood. Sperm whales are the most sighted and recorded cetacean in marine mammal surveys in these regions but capturing their demographic composition and habitat use has proven challenging. This study detects sperm whale presence using passive acoustic data from seven sites in the GOA and BSAI from 2010 to 2019. Differences in click characteristics between males and females (i.e., inter-click and inter-pulse interval) was used as a proxy for animal size/sex to derive time series of animal detections. Generalized additive models with generalized estimation equations demonstrate how spatiotemporal patterns differ between the sexes. Social groups were present at all recording sites with the largest relative proportion at two seamount sites in the GOA and an island site in the BSAI. We found that the seasonal patterns of presence varied for the sexes and between the sites. Male presence was highest in the summer and lowest in the winter, conversely, social group peak presence was in the winter for the BSAI and in the spring for the GOA region, with the lowest presence in the summer months. This study demonstrates that social groups are not restricted to lower latitudes and capture their present-day habitat use in the North Pacific. It highlights that sperm whale distribution is more complex than accounted for in management protocol and underscores the need for improved understanding of sperm whale demographic composition to better understand the impacts of increasing anthropogenic threats, particularly climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Posdaljian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solsona-Berga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soderstjerna, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggins, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenssen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann-Pickering, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.537097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sperm Whales Demographics in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands: An Overlooked Female Habitat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.536958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colocalization of Protein and microRNA Markers Reveals Unique Extracellular Vesicle Sub-Populations for Early Cancer Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.536958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication but they are highly heterogeneous, and each vesicle has dimensions smaller than 200 nm thus encapsulates very limited amounts of cargos. We report the technique of NanOstirBar (NOB)-EnabLed Single Particle Analysis (NOBEL-SPA) that utilizes NOBs, which are superparamagnetic nanorods easily handled by a magnet or a rotating magnetic field, to act as isolated "islands" for EV immobilization and cargo confinement. NOBEL-SPA permits rapid inspection of single EV with high confidence by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and can assess the colocalization of selected protein/microRNA (miRNA) pairs in the EVs produced by various cell lines or present in clinical sera samples. Specific EV sub-populations marked by the colocalization of unique protein and miRNA combinations have been revealed by the present work, which can differentiate the EVs by their cells or origin, as well as to detect early-stage breast cancer (BC). We believe NOBEL-SPA can be expanded to analyze the co-localization of other types of cargo molecules, and will be a powerful tool to study EV cargo loading and functions under different physiological conditions, and help discover distinct EV subgroups valuable in clinical examination and therapeutics development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.536958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colocalization of Protein and microRNA Markers Reveals Unique Extracellular Vesicle Sub-Populations for Early Cancer Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How can graph theory inform the dual-stream model of speech processing? a resting-state fMRI study of post-stroke aphasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dual-stream model of speech processing has been proposed to represent the cortical networks involved in speech comprehension and production. Although it is arguably the prominent neuroanatomical model of speech processing, it is not yet known if the dual-stream model represents actual intrinsic functional brain networks. Furthermore, it is unclear how disruptions after a stroke to the functional connectivity of the dual-stream models regions are related to specific types of speech production and comprehension impairments seen in aphasia. To address these questions, in the present study, we examined two independent resting-state fMRI datasets: (1) 28 neurotypical matched controls and (2) 28 chronic left-hemisphere stroke survivors with aphasia collected at another site. Structural MRI, as well as language and cognitive behavioral assessments, were collected. Using standard functional connectivity measures, we successfully identified an intrinsic resting-state network amongst the dual-stream models regions in the control group. We then used both standard functional connectivity analyses and graph theory approaches to determine how the functional connectivity of the dual-stream network differs in individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and how this connectivity may predict performance on clinical aphasia assessments. Our findings provide strong evidence that the dual-stream model is an intrinsic network as measured via resting-state MRI, and that weaker functional connectivity of the hub nodes of the dual-stream network defined by graph theory methods, but not overall average network connectivity, is weaker in the stroke group than in the control participants. Also, the functional connectivity of the hub nodes predicted specific types of impairments on clinical assessments. In particular, the relative strength of connectivity of the right hemispheres homologues of the left dorsal stream hubs to the left dorsal hubs versus right ventral stream hubs is a particularly strong predictor of post-stroke aphasia severity and symptomology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzhugh, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keator, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rorden, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fridriksson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogalsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.537216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How can graph theory inform the dual-stream model of speech processing? a resting-state fMRI study of post-stroke aphasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.537404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Sex Determination to Suppress Mosquito Populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.537404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Each year, hundreds of millions of people are infected with arboviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, which are all primarily spread by the notorious mosquito Aedes aegypti. Traditional control measures have proven insufficient, necessitating innovations. In response, here we generate a next generation CRISPR-based precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) for Aedes aegypti that disrupts genes essential for sex determination and fertility, producing predominantly sterile males that can be deployed at any life stage. Using mathematical models and empirical testing, we demonstrate that released pgSIT males can effectively compete with, suppress, and eliminate caged mosquito populations. This versatile species-specific platform has the potential for field deployment to effectively control wild populations of disease vectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benetta, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brogan, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez C., H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBeaubien, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.18.537404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Sex Determination to Suppress Mosquito Populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.536761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved enhancer logic controls the notochord expression of vertebrate Brachyury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.536761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cell type-specific expression of key transcription factors is central to development. Brachyury/T/TBXT is a major transcription factor for gastrulation, tailbud patterning, and notochord formation; however, how its expression is controlled in the mammalian notochord has remained elusive. Here, we identify the complement of notochord-specific enhancers in the mammalian Brachyury/T/TBXT gene. Using transgenic assays in zebrafish, axolotl, and mouse, we discover three Brachyury-controlling notochord enhancers T3, C, and I in human, mouse, and marsupial genomes. Acting as Brachyury-responsive, auto-regulatory shadow enhancers, deletion of all three enhancers in mouse abolishes Brachyury/T expression selectively in the notochord, causing specific trunk and neural tube defects without gastrulation or tailbud defects. Sequence and functional conservation of Brachyury-driving notochord enhancers with the brachyury/tbxtb loci from diverse lineages of fishes dates their origin to the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. Our data define the enhancers for Brachyury/T/TBXTB notochord expression as ancient mechanism in axis development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kemmler, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolikova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannion, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czarkwiani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermosilla Aguayo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rapp, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitch, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boetschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selleri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braasch, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterwalder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosimann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozmik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.20.536761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved enhancer logic controls the notochord expression of vertebrate Brachyury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.537925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional immune suppression and upregulation of double stranded DNA damage and repair repertoires in ecDNA-containing tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.537925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA is a common cause of oncogene amplification in cancer. The non-chromosomal inheritance of ecDNA enables tumors to rapidly evolve, contributing to treatment resistance and poor outcome for patients. The transcriptional context in which ecDNAs arise and progress, including chromosomally-driven transcription, is incompletely understood. We examined gene expression patterns of 870 tumors of varied histological types, to identify transcriptional correlates of ecDNA. Here we show that ecDNA containing tumors impact four major biological processes. Specifically, ecDNA containing tumors upregulate DNA damage and repair, cell cycle control, and mitotic processes, but downregulate global immune regulation pathways. Taken together, these results suggest profound alterations in gene regulation in ecDNA containing tumors, shedding light on molecular processes that give rise to their development and progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.24.537925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional immune suppression and upregulation of double stranded DNA damage and repair repertoires in ecDNA-containing tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging of peripheral organs in awake and freely moving mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracting biological information from awake and unrestrained mice is imperative to in vivo basic and pre-clinical research. Accordingly, imaging methods which preclude invasiveness, anesthesia, and/or physical restraint enable more physiologically relevant biological data extraction by eliminating these extrinsic confounders. In this article we discuss the recent development of shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescent imaging to visualize peripheral organs in freely-behaving mice, as well as propose potential applications of this imaging modality in the neurosciences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arus, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosco, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balba, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bischof, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sletten, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruns, O. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging of peripheral organs in awake and freely moving mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rit2 loss in dopaminergic neurons drives a progressive Parkinsonian phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and arises from dopamine (DA) neuron death selectively in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Rit2 is a reported PD risk allele, and recent single cell transcriptomic studies identified a major RIT2 cluster in PD DA neurons, potentially linking Rit2 expression loss to a PD patient cohort. However, it is still unknown whether Rit2 loss itself is causative for PD or PD-like symptoms. Here we report that conditional Rit2 silencing in mouse DA neurons drove motor dysfunction that occurred earlier in males than females and was rescued at early stages by either inhibiting the DA transporter (DAT) or with L-DOPA treatment. Motor dysfunction was accompanied by decreased DA release, striatal DA content, phenotypic DAergic markers, DA neurons, and DAergic terminals, with increased pSer129-alpha synuclein and pSer935-LRRK2 expression. These results provide the first evidence that Rit2 loss is causal for SNc cell death and a PD-like phenotype, and reveal key sex-specific differences in the response to Rit2 loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kearney, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahuno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conklin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagan, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melikian, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavchinskiy, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rit2 loss in dopaminergic neurons drives a progressive Parkinsonian phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Marine bacterial enrichment in the sea surface microlayer, and surface taxa aerosolization potential in the Western Mediterranean Sea 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sea surface microlayer (SSML) is critical to air-sea exchanges of gases and primary aerosols. However, despite the extent of this boundary layer, little is known about its specific bacterial community (bacterioneuston) and how it may affect ocean-atmosphere exchanges. Here, we studied the bacterial community composition in the surface waters of three different basins of the Western Mediterranean Sea and assessed the selective air-sea transfer of marine bacteria through experimental nascent sea spray aerosol production in a 10 L tank with plunging jets. In situ, the bacterioneuston harbored basin-specific enriched taxa and followed a similar spatial pattern as the underlying bacterioplankton community. Aerosolization potential showed that sea spray taxa might be recruited from both the underlying water and the SSML, and that taxa enriched in the bacterioneuston were not always aerosolized. Our results suggest that the Mediterranean nutrient gradient, as well as pulse events such as dust deposition, affect the distribution of the bacterial community at the ocean-atmosphere interface, which may impact biogeochemical processes, climate regulation and bacterial dispersal through aerosolization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dinasquet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zancker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicosia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigeard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baudoux, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guieu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellegri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Marine bacterial enrichment in the sea surface microlayer, and surface taxa aerosolization potential in the Western Mediterranean Sea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis of CRISPR perturbations indicates that enhancers act multiplicatively and without epistatic-like interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A single gene may have multiple enhancers, but how they work in concert to regulate transcription is poorly understood. To analyze enhancer interactions throughout the genome, we developed a generalized linear modeling framework, GLiMMIRS, for interrogating enhancer effects from single-cell CRISPR experiments. We applied GLiMMIRS to a published dataset and tested for interactions between 46,166 enhancer pairs and corresponding genes, including 264 high-confidence enhancer pairs. We found that enhancer effects combine multiplicatively but with limited evidence for further interactions. Only 31 enhancer pairs exhibited significant interactions (FDR < 0.1), of which none came from the high confidence subset and 20 were driven by outlier expression values. Additional analyses of a second CRISPR dataset and in silico enhancer perturbations with Enformer both support a multiplicative model of enhancer effects without interactions. Altogether, our results indicate that enhancer interactions are uncommon or have small effects that are difficult to detect.

HighlightsO_LIAnalysis of a large single-cell CRISPRi screen finds limited evidence for synergistic or redundant interactions between enhancers
C_LIO_LIThe collective action of multiple enhancers on a common target gene follows a multiplicative model of activity
C_LIO_LIA new statistical framework for simulating and modeling data from single-cell CRISPRi screens
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guruvayurappan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analysis of CRISPR perturbations indicates that enhancers act multiplicatively and without epistatic-like interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring secretory and metabolic pathway activity from omic data with secCellFie 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding protein secretion has considerable importance in the biotechnology industry and important implications in a broad range of normal and pathological conditions including development, immunology, and tissue function. While great progress has been made in studying individual proteins in the secretory pathway, measuring and quantifying mechanistic changes in the pathways activity remains challenging due to the complexity of the biomolecular systems involved. Systems biology has begun to address this issue with the development of algorithmic tools for analyzing biological pathways; however most of these tools remain accessible only to experts in systems biology with extensive computational experience. Here, we expand upon the user-friendly CellFie tool which quantifies metabolic activity from omic data to include secretory pathway functions, allowing any scientist to infer protein secretion capabilities from omic data. We demonstrate how the secretory expansion of CellFie (secCellFie) can be used to predict metabolic and secretory functions across diverse immune cells, hepatokine secretion in a cell model of NAFLD, and antibody production in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masson, H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samoudi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shams Ud Doha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejwani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahodwala, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharfstein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring secretory and metabolic pathway activity from omic data with secCellFie]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chaotic neural dynamics facilitate probabilistic computations through sampling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical neurons exhibit highly variable responses over trials and time. Theoretical works posit that this variability arises potentially from chaotic network dynamics of recurrently connected neurons. Here we demonstrate that chaotic neural dynamics, formed through synaptic learning, allow networks to perform sensory cue integration in a sampling-based implementation. We show that the emergent chaotic dynamics provide neural substrates for generating samples not only of a static variable but also of a dynamical trajectory, where generic recurrent networks acquire these abilities with a biologically-plausible learning rule through trial and error. Furthermore, the networks generalize their experience in the stimulus-evoked samples to the inference without partial or all sensory information, which suggests a computational role of spontaneous activity as a representation of the priors as well as a tractable biological computation for marginal distributions. These findings suggest that chaotic neural dynamics may serve for the brain function as a Bayesian generative model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toyoizumi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chaotic neural dynamics facilitate probabilistic computations through sampling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The most devastating disease affecting the global citrus industry is Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. HLB is primarily spread by the insect vector Diaphorina citri (Asian Citrus Psyllid). To counteract the rapid spread of HLB by D. citri, traditional vector control strategies such as insecticide sprays, the release of natural predators, and mass introductions of natural parasitoids are used. However, these methods alone have not managed to contain the spread of disease. To further expand the available tools for D. citri control via generating specific modifications of the D. citri genome, we have developed protocols for CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic modification. Until now, genome editing in D. citri has been challenging due to the general fragility and size of D.citri eggs. Here we present optimized methods for collecting and preparing eggs to introduce the Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) into early embryos and alternative methods (ReMOT Control) for injecting RNP into the hemocoel of adult females for ovarian transduction. Using these methods, we have generated visible somatic mutations, indicating their suitability for gene editing in D. citri. These methods represent the first steps towards advancing D. citri research in preparation for future genetic-based systems for controlling HLB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaverra-Rodriguez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilleland, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasgon, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.07.539761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A riboswitch-controlled manganese exporter (Alx) tunes intracellular Mn2+ concentration in E. coli at alkaline pH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.07.539761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells use transition metal ions as structural components of biomolecules and cofactors in enzymatic reactions, making transition metals vital cellular components. The buildup of a particular metal ion in certain stress conditions becomes harmful to the organism due to the misincorporation of the excess ion into biomolecules, resulting in perturbed enzymatic activity or metal-catalyzed formation of reactive oxygen species. Organisms optimize metal concentration by regulating the expression of proteins that import and export that metal, often in a metal concentration-dependent manner. One such regulation mechanism is via riboswitches, which are 5-untranslated regions (UTR) of an mRNA that undergo conformational changes to promote or inhibit the expression of the downstream gene, commonly in response to a ligand. The yybP-ykoY family of bacterial riboswitches shares a conserved aptamer domain that binds manganese (Mn2+). In E. coli, the yybP-ykoY riboswitch precedes and regulates the expression of two genes: mntP, which based on extensive genetic evidence encodes an Mn2+ exporter, and alx, which encodes a putative metal ion transporter whose cognate ligand is currently in question. Expression of alx is upregulated by both elevated intracellular concentrations of Mn2+ and alkaline pH. With metal ion measurements and gene expression studies, we demonstrate that the alkalinization of media increases cytoplasmic Mn2+ content, which in turn enhances alx expression. Alx then exports excess Mn2+ to prevent toxic buildup of the metal inside the cell, with the export activity maximal at alkaline pH. Using mutational and complementation experiments, we pinpoint a set of acidic residues in the predicted transmembrane segments of Alx that play a crucial role in its Mn2+ export. We propose that Alx-mediated Mn2+ export provides a primary protective layer that fine-tunes the cytoplasmic Mn2+ levels, especially during alkaline stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishanina, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.07.539761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A riboswitch-controlled manganese exporter (Alx) tunes intracellular Mn2+ concentration in E. coli at alkaline pH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Jumbo phages are active against extensively-drug-resistant eyedrop-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic resistant bacteria present an emerging challenge to human health as the pressure instituted on the microbial world through the liberal use of antibiotics has resulted in their emergence across the globe. Those bacteria that acquire mobile genetic elements such as plasmids are especially concerning because those plasmids may be shared readily with other microbes that then can also become antibiotic resistant. Serious infections have recently been related to contamination of preservative-free eyedrops with extensively drug resistant (XDR) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, already resulting in three deaths. These drug-resistant isolates cannot be managed with most conventional antibiotics. We sought to identify alternatives to conventional antibiotics for lysis of these XDR isolates, and identified multiple bacteriophages (viruses that attack bacteria) that killed them efficiently. We found both jumbo phages (>200kb in genome size) and non-jumbo phages that were active against these isolates, the former killing more efficiently. Jumbo phages effectively killed the 3 separate XDR P. aeruginosa isolates both on solid and liquid medium. Given the ongoing nature of the XDR P. aeruginosa eyedrop outbreak, the identification of phages active against them provides physicians with several novel potential alternatives for treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobian-Guemes, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatbale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovalick, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proost, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karthikeyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Jumbo phages are active against extensively-drug-resistant eyedrop-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolving spike-protein N-glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since >3 years, SARS-CoV-2 has plunged humans into a colossal pandemic. Henceforth, multiple waves of infection have swept through the human population, led by variants that were able to partially evade acquired immunity. The co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants with human immunity provides an excellent opportunity to study the interaction between viral pathogens and their human hosts. The heavily N-glycosylated spike-protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in initiating infection and is the target for host immune-response, both of which are impacted by host-installed N-glycans. Using highly-sensitive DeGlyPHER approach, we compared the N-glycan landscape on spikes of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 strain to seven WHO-defined variants of concern/interest, using recombinantly expressed, soluble spike-protein trimers, sharing same stabilizing-mutations. We found that N-glycan processing is conserved at most sites. However, in multiple variants, processing of N-glycans from high mannose- to complex-type is reduced at sites N165, N343 and N616, implicated in spike-protein function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baboo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copps, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolving spike-protein N-glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking bacterial tetrabromopyrrole biosynthesis to coral metamorphosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An important factor dictating coral fitness is the quality of bacteria associated with corals and coral reefs. One way that bacteria benefit corals is by stimulating the larval to juvenile life cycle transition of settlement and metamorphosis. Tetrabromopyrrole (TBP) is a small molecule produced by bacteria that stimulates metamorphosis in a range of coral species. A standing debate remains, however, about whether TBP biosynthesis from live Pseudoalteromonas bacteria is the primary stimulant of coral metamorphosis. In this study, we create a Pseudoalteromonas sp. PS5 mutant lacking the TBP brominase gene, bmp2. Using this mutant, we confirm that the bmp2 gene is critical for TBP biosynthesis in Pseudoalteromonas sp. PS5. Mutation of this gene ablates the bacteriums ability in live cultures to stimulate the metamorphosis of the stony coral Porites astreoides. We further demonstrate that expression of TBP biosynthesis genes is strongest in stationary and biofilm modes of growth, where Pseudoalteromonas sp. PS5 might exist within surface-attached biofilms on the sea floor. Finally, we create a modular transposon plasmid for genomic integration and fluorescent labeling of Pseudoalteromonas sp. PS5 cells. Our results functionally link a TBP biosynthesis gene from live bacteria to a morphogenic effect in corals. The genetic techniques established here provide new tools to explore coral-bacteria interactions and could help to inform future decisions about utilizing marine bacteria or their products for restoring degraded coral reefs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purdy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shikuma, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking bacterial tetrabromopyrrole biosynthesis to coral metamorphosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational Framework for Statistical Epistasis Supports XOR Penetrance Function in a Living System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.539940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Statistical epistasis has been studied extensively because of its potential to provide evidence for genetic interactions for phenotypes, but there have been methodological limitations to its exhaustive, widespread application. We present new algorithms for the interaction coefficients for standard regression models for epistasis that permit many varied encodings for the interaction terms for loci and efficient memory usage. The algorithms are given for two-way and three-way epistasis and may be generalized to higher order epistasis. Statistical tests for the interaction coefficients are also provided. We also present an efficient matrix based algorithm for permutation testing for two-way epistasis. We offer a proof and experimental evidence that methods that look for epistasis only at loci that have main effects may not be justified. Given the computational efficiency of the algorithm, we applied the method to a rat data set and mouse data set, with at least 10000 loci and 1000 samples each, using the standard Cartesian encoding and the XOR penetrance function for the interactions, to test for evidence of statistical epistasis for the phenotype of body mass index. This study revealed that the XOR penetrance function found greater evidence for statistical epistasis in many more pairs of loci in both data sets and in the rat data set, those pairs of loci found using the XOR penetrance function are enriched for biologically relevant pathways.

Author summaryEpistasis, the interaction between two or more genes, is likely integral to the study of genetics and present throughout nature. Yet, it is seldom fully explored as most approaches primarily focus on single-locus effects (such as GWAS), partly because analyzing all pairwise and higher-order interactions requires significant computational resources. Many current methods for epistasis detection only consider a Cartesian encoding for interaction terms. This is likely limiting as epistatic interactions can evolve to produce varied relationships between genes, some non-linear. In this work we describe computationally efficient algorithms for the detection of statistical epistasis that allow for varied interaction encodings for modeling epistasis. Our methodology efficiently detects pairwise and three-way epistatic interactions in two closely related species (rat and mouse) under both Cartesian and XOR interaction encodings. Our results in both species show that many biologically relevant epistatic relationships would have been undetected if only one interaction encoding was applied providing evidence that more varied models for interaction may need to be applied to describe epistasis that occurs in living systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batista, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freda, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhandary, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.539940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational Framework for Statistical Epistasis Supports XOR Penetrance Function in a Living System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guard cell epigenomics reveals distinct abscisic acid and CO2 triggered chromatin remodeling during stomatal movements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In plants, epidermal guard cells integrate and respond to numerous environmental signals to control stomatal pore apertures thereby regulating gas exchange. Chromatin structure controls transcription factor access to the genome, but whether large-scale chromatin remodeling occurs in guard cells during stomatal movements, and in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in general, remain unknown. Here we isolate guard cell nuclei from Arabidopsis thaliana plants to examine whether the physiological signals, ABA and CO2, regulate guard cell chromatin during stomatal movements. Our cell type specific analyses uncover patterns of chromatin accessibility specific to guard cells and define novel cis-regulatory sequences supporting guard cell specific gene expression. We find that ABA triggers extensive and dynamic chromatin remodeling in guard cells, roots, and mesophyll cells with clear patterns of cell-type specificity. DNA motif analyses uncover binding sites for distinct transcription factors enriched in ABA-induced and ABA-repressed chromatin. We identify the ABF/AREB bZIP-type transcription factors that are required for ABA-triggered chromatin opening in guard cells and implicate the inhibition of a set of bHLH-type transcription factors in controlling ABA-repressed chromatin. Moreover, we demonstrate that ABA and CO2 induce distinct programs of chromatin remodeling. We provide insight into the control of guard cell chromatin dynamics and propose that ABA-induced chromatin remodeling primes the genome for abiotic stress resistance.

Significance statementSpecialized leaf cells called guard cells integrate environmental cues to optimally control the size of microscopic stomatal pores. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA), a key regulator of plant drought responses, and changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration are signals that control stomatal aperture size, but whether these signals also regulate genome packaging into chromatin is unknown. Using guard cell specific chromatin profiling we uncovered regulatory DNA sequences driving specific gene expression in this cell-type. We also discovered that ABA triggers extensive and persistent changes to chromatin structure in guard cells. Unexpectedly, exposure of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 had only minimal impact on chromatin dynamics. Furthermore, we identified the specific transcription factors that regulate ABA-induced chromatin dynamics in guard cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.540345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guard cell epigenomics reveals distinct abscisic acid and CO2 triggered chromatin remodeling during stomatal movements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guild and Niche Determination Enable Targeted Alteration of the Microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbiome science has greatly contributed to our understanding of microbial life and its essential roles for the environment and human health1-5. However, the nature of microbial interactions and how microbial communities respond to perturbations remains poorly understood, resulting in an often descriptive and correlation-based approach to microbiome research6-8. Achieving causal and predictive microbiome science would require direct functional measurements in complex communities to better understand the metabolic role of each member and its interactions with others. In this study we present a new approach that integrates transcription and translation measurements to predict competition and substrate preferences within microbial communities, consequently enabling the selective manipulation of the microbiome. By performing metatranscriptomic (metaRNA-Seq) and metatranslatomic (metaRibo-Seq) analysis in complex samples, we classified microbes into functional groups (i.e. guilds) and demonstrated that members of the same guild are competitors. Furthermore, we predicted preferred substrates based on importer proteins, which specifically benefited selected microbes in the community (i.e. their niche) and simultaneously impaired their competitors. We demonstrated the scalability of microbial guild and niche determination to natural samples and its ability to successfully manipulate microorganisms in complex microbiomes. Thus, the approach enhances the design of pre- and probiotic interventions to selectively alter members within microbial communities, advances our understanding of microbial interactions, and paves the way for establishing causality in microbiome science.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moyne, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Bassam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiruppathy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaramela, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.540389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guild and Niche Determination Enable Targeted Alteration of the Microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent host innate immune response to the smooth-to-rough M. abscessus adaptation to chronic infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium emerging as a significant pathogen for individuals with chronic lung disease, including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current therapeutics have poor efficacy. New strategies of bacterial control based on host defenses are appealing, but anti-mycobacterial immune mechanisms are poorly understood and are complicated by the appearance of smooth and rough morphotypes with distinct host responses. We explored the role of the complement system in the clearance of M. abscessus morphotypes by neutrophils, an abundant cell in these infections. M. abscessus opsonized with plasma from healthy individuals promoted greater killing by neutrophils compared to opsonization in heat-inactivated plasma. Rough clinical isolates were more resistant to complement but were still efficiently killed. Complement C3 associated strongly with the smooth morphotype while mannose-binding lectin 2 was associated with the rough morphotype. M. abscessus killing was dependent on C3, but not on C1q or Factor B; furthermore, competition of mannose-binding lectin 2 binding with mannan or N-acetyl-glucosamine during opsonization did not inhibit killing. These data suggest that M. abscessus does not canonically activate complement through the classical, alternative, or lectin pathways. Complement-mediated killing was dependent on IgG and IgM for smooth and on IgG for rough M. abscessus. Both morphotypes were recognized by Complement Receptor 3 (CD11b), but not CR1 (CD35), and in a carbohydrate- and calcium-dependent manner. These data suggest the smooth-to-rough adaptation changes complement recognition of M. abscessus and that complement is an important factor for M. abscessus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malcolm, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenhart-Pendergrass, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rrysavy, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poch, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caceres, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serban, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent host innate immune response to the smooth-to-rough M. abscessus adaptation to chronic infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic nuclear polarization illuminates key protein-lipid interactions in the native bacterial cell envelope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elucidating the structure and interactions of proteins in native environments has become a fundamental goal of structural biology. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is well suited for this task but often suffers from low sensitivity, especially in complex biological settings. Here, we use a sensitivity-enhancement technique called dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to overcome this challenge. We apply DNP to capture the membrane interactions of the outer membrane protein Ail, a key component of the host invasion pathway of Yersinia pestis. We show that the DNP-enhanced NMR spectra of Ail in native bacterial cell envelopes are well resolved and enriched in correlations that are invisible in conventional solid-state NMR experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of DNP to capture elusive interactions between the protein and the surrounding lipopolysaccharide layer. Our results support a model where the extracellular loop arginine residues remodel the membrane environment, a process that is crucial for host invasion and pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kent, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marassi, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic nuclear polarization illuminates key protein-lipid interactions in the native bacterial cell envelope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and functional validation of an enhancer variant in the 9p21.3 locus associated with glaucoma risk and elevated expression of p16INK4a 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, with advanced age being the single most significant risk factor. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between aging and glaucoma remain unclear. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified genetic variants strongly associated with increased glaucoma risk. Understanding how these variants function in pathogenesis is crucial for translating genetic associations into molecular mechanisms and, ultimately, clinical applications. The chromosome 9p21.3 locus is among the most replicated glaucoma risk loci discovered by GWAS. Nonetheless, the absence of protein-coding genes in the locus makes interpreting the disease association challenging, leaving the causal variant and molecular mechanism elusive. In this study, we report the identification of a functional glaucoma risk variant, rs6475604. By employing computational and experimental methods, we demonstrated that rs6475604 resides in a repressive regulatory element. Risk allele of rs6475604 disrupts the binding of YY1, a transcription factor known to repress the expression of a neighboring gene in 9p21.3, p16INK4A, which plays a crucial role in cellular senescence and aging. These findings suggest that the glaucoma disease variant contributes to accelerated senescence, providing a molecular link between glaucoma risk and an essential cellular mechanism for human aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tazearslan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and functional validation of an enhancer variant in the 9p21.3 locus associated with glaucoma risk and elevated expression of p16INK4a]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression, not sequence, distinguishes miR-238 from its miR-239ab sister miRNAs in promoting longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.18.541360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by base-pairing to target sequences in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and recruiting factors that induce translational repression and mRNA decay. In animals, nucleotides 2-8 at the 5 end of the miRNA, called the seed region, are often necessary and sometimes sufficient for functional target interactions. MiRNAs that contain identical seed sequences are grouped into families where individual members have the potential to share targets and act redundantly. A rare exception seemed to be the miR-238/239ab family in Caenorhabditis elegans, as previous work indicated that loss of miR-238 reduced lifespan while deletion of the miR-239ab locus resulted in enhanced longevity and thermal stress resistance. Here, we re-examined these potentially opposing roles using new strains that individually disrupt each miRNA sister. We confirmed that loss of miR-238 is associated with a shortened lifespan but could detect no longevity or stress phenotypes in animals lacking miR-239a or miR-239b, individually or in combination. Additionally, dozens of genes were mis-regulated in miR-238 mutants but almost no gene expression changes were detected in either miR-239a or miR-239b mutants compared to wild type animals. We present evidence that the lack of redundancy between miR-238 and miR-239ab is independent of their sequence differences; miR-239a or miR-239b could substitute for the longevity role of miR-238 when expressed from the miR-238 locus. Altogether, these studies disqualify miR-239ab as negative regulators of aging and demonstrate that expression, not sequence, dictates the specific role of miR-238 in promoting longevity.

Author SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny non-coding RNAs that function in diverse biological pathways. To exert their regulatory influence, miRNAs bind to specific target RNAs through partial base-pairing. A critical aspect of this miRNA-target engagement is the seed sequence, nucleotides 2-8 of the miRNA. MiRNAs that share seed sequences are grouped into families and presumed to have similar functions. Yet, other factors, such as non-seed sequences in the miRNA and its expression level, can also contribute to target regulation and result in distinct roles for miRNAs within a family. To better understand how miRNA family members can have specific functions, we focused on miR-238 and its sisters, miR-239a and miR-239b, because these miRNAs had previously been reported to play opposing longevity roles in the nematode C. elegans. Using new genetic tools, we found that loss of miR-238 alone leads to the misregulation of many genes and a reduced lifespan. However, the lack of miR-239a, miR-239b, or both sisters had almost no effect on gene expression or longevity compared to wild type animals. Strikingly, though, miR-239a or miR-239b could substitute for the aging role of miR-238 when expressed from the miR-238 locus. Thus, expression, not sequence, is the predominant distinguishing feature of mir-238 that bestows upon it a role in aging not shared with the other family members.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chipman, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luc, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicastro, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulahan, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dann, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquinelli, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression, not sequence, distinguishes miR-238 from its miR-239ab sister miRNAs in promoting longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying dynamic pro-inflammatory gene expression and heterogeneity in single macrophage cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages must respond appropriately to pathogens and other pro-inflammatory stimuli in order to perform their roles in fighting infection. One way in which inflammatory stimuli can vary is in their dynamics - that is, the amplitude and duration of stimulus experienced by the cell. In this study, we performed long-term live cell imaging in a microfluidic device to investigate how the pro-inflammatory genes IRF1, CXCL10, and CXCL9 respond to dynamic interferon-gamma (IFN{gamma}) stimulation. We found that IRF1 responds to low concentration or short duration IFN{gamma} stimulation, whereas CXCL10 and CXCL9 require longer or higher-concentration stimulation to be expressed. We also investigated the heterogeneity in the expression of each gene and found that CXCL10 and CXCL9 have substantial cell-to-cell variability. In particular, the expression of CXCL10 appears to be largely stochastic with a subpopulation of non-responding cells across all the stimulation conditions tested. We developed both deterministic and stochastic models for the expression of each gene. Our modeling analysis revealed that the heterogeneity in CXCL10 can be attributed to a slow chromatin-opening step that is on a similar timescale to that of adaptation of the upstream signal. In this way, CXCL10 expression in individual cells can remain stochastic in response to each pulse of repeated simulations, as validated by experiments. Together, we conclude that pro-inflammatory genes in the same signaling pathway can respond to dynamic IFN{gamma} stimulus with very different response features and that upstream signal adaptation can contribute to shaping the features of heterogeneous gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naigles, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soroczynski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying dynamic pro-inflammatory gene expression and heterogeneity in single macrophage cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human co-ripples facilitate neuronal interactions between cortical locations. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synchronous bursts of high frequency oscillations ( ripples) are hypothesized to contribute to binding by facilitating integration of neuronal firing across cortical locations. We tested this hypothesis using local field-potentials and single-unit firing from four 96-channel microelectrode arrays in supragranular cortex of 3 patients. Neurons in co-rippling locations showed increased short-latency co-firing, prediction of each-others firing, and co-participation in neural assemblies. Effects were similar for putative pyramidal and interneurons, during NREM sleep and waking, in temporal and Rolandic cortices, and at distances up to 16mm. Increased co-prediction during co-ripples was maintained when firing-rate changes were equated, and were strongly modulated by ripple phase. Co-ripple enhanced prediction is reciprocal, synergistic with local upstates, and further enhanced when multiple sites co-ripple. Together, these results support the hypothesis that trans-cortical co-ripples increase the integration of neuronal firing of neurons in different cortical locations, and do so in part through phase-modulation rather than unstructured activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verzhbinsky, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajfez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochberg, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.20.541588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human co-ripples facilitate neuronal interactions between cortical locations.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants boost cross-reactive hybrid immune responses in mRNA-vaccinated Golden Syrian Hamsters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 provides superior protection to re-infection. We performed immune profiling studies during breakthrough infections in mRNA-vaccinated hamsters to evaluate hybrid immunity induction. mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, was dosed to induce binding antibody titers against ancestral spike, but inefficient serum virus neutralization of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 or variants of concern (VoCs). Vaccination reduced morbidity and controlled lung virus titers for ancestral virus and Alpha but allowed breakthrough infections in Beta, Delta and Mu-challenged hamsters. Vaccination primed T cell responses that were boosted by infection. Infection back-boosted neutralizing antibody responses against ancestral virus and VoCs. Hybrid immunity resulted in more cross-reactive sera. Transcriptomics post-infection reflects both vaccination status and disease course and suggests a role for interstitial macrophages in vaccine-mediated protection. Therefore, protection by vaccination, even in the absence of high titers of neutralizing antibodies in the serum, correlates with recall of broadly reactive B and T-cell responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Bernalt Diego, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jangra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handrejk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laporte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Zahed, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mena, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schotsaert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breakthrough infections by SARS-CoV-2 variants boost cross-reactive hybrid immune responses in mRNA-vaccinated Golden Syrian Hamsters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetics of skeletal proportions in two different populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human height can be divided into sitting height and leg length, reflecting growth of different parts of the skeleton whose relative proportions are captured by the ratio of sitting to total height (as sitting height ratio, SHR). Height is a highly heritable trait, and its genetic basis has been well-studied. However, the genetic determinants of skeletal proportion are much less well-characterized. Expanding substantially on past work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of SHR in [~]450,000 individuals with European ancestry and [~]100,000 individuals with East Asian ancestry from the UK and China Kadoorie Biobanks. We identified 565 loci independently associated with SHR, including all genomic regions implicated in prior GWAS in these ancestries. While SHR loci largely overlap height-associated loci (P < 0.001), the fine-mapped SHR signals were often distinct from height. We additionally used fine-mapped signals to identify 36 credible sets with heterogeneous effects across ancestries. Lastly, we used SHR, sitting height, and leg length to identify genetic variation acting on specific body regions rather than on overall human height.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bartell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedantam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baronas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yengo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marouli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amariuta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GIANT Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renthal, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschhorn, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetics of skeletal proportions in two different populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor-resident regulatory T cells in pancreatic cancer express the αvβ5 integrin as a targetable activation marker 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.24.542137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has abundant immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs), which contribute to a microenvironment resistant to immunotherapy. Here, we report that Tregs in the PDAC tissue, but not those in the spleen, express the v{beta}5 integrin in addition to neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which makes them susceptible to the iRGD tumor-penetrating peptide, which targets cells positive for v integrin- and NRP-1. As a result, long-term treatment of PDAC mice with iRGD leads to tumor-specific depletion of Tregs and improved efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. v{beta}5 integrin+ Tregs are induced from both naive CD4+ T cells and natural Tregs upon T cell receptor stimulation, and represent a highly immunosuppressive subpopulation of CCR8+ Tregs. This study identifies the v{beta}5 integrin as a marker for activated tumor-resident Tregs, which can be targeted to achieve tumor-specific Treg depletion and thereby augment anti-tumor immunity for PDAC therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunisada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyamura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eikawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado de Mendoza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mose, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuroda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruoslahti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugahara, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.24.542137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor-resident regulatory T cells in pancreatic cancer express the αvβ5 integrin as a targetable activation marker]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 lineage assignments using phylogenetic placement/UShER are superior to pangoLEARN machine learning method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the rapid spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the ability to monitor its transmission and distinguish among viral lineages is critical for pandemic response efforts. The most commonly used software for the lineage assignment of newly isolated SARS-CoV-2 genomes is pangolin, which offers two methods of assignment, pangoLEARN and pUShER. PangoLEARN rapidly assigns lineages using a machine learning algorithm, while pUShER performs a phylogenetic placement to identify the lineage corresponding to a newly sequenced genome. In a preliminary study, we observed that pangoLEARN (decision tree model), while substantially faster than pUShER, offered less consistency across different versions of pangolin v3. Here, we expand upon this analysis to include v3 and v4 of pangolin, which moved the default algorithm for lineage assignment from pangoLEARN in v3 to pUShER in v4, and perform a thorough analysis confirming that pUShER is not only more stable across versions but also more accurate. Our findings suggest that future lineage assignment algorithms for various pathogens should consider the value of phylogenetic placement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadford, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Toole, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Maio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 lineage assignments using phylogenetic placement/UShER are superior to pangoLEARN machine learning method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic trapping organizes actin filaments within liquid-like protein droplets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractActin is essential for various cellular functions such as growth, migration, and endocytosis. Recent evidence suggests that several actin-binding proteins phase separate to form condensates and that actin networks have different architectures in these droplets. In this study, we use computational modeling to investigate the conditions under which actin forms different network organizations in VASP droplets. Our simulations reveal that the binding and unbinding rates of actin and VASP determine the probability of formation of shells and rings, with shells being more probable than rings. The different actin networks are highly dependent on the kinetics of VASP-actin interactions, suggesting that they arise from kinetic trapping. Specifically, we showed that reducing the residence time of VASP on actin filaments promotes assembly of shells rather than rings, where rings require a greater degree of actin bundling. These predictions were tested experimentally using a mutant of VASP, which has decreased bundling capability. Experiments reveal an increase in the abundance of shells in VASP droplets, consistent with our predictions. Finally, we investigated the arrangements of filaments within deformed droplets and found that the filament length largely determines whether a droplet will straighten into a bundle or remain kinetically trapped in a ring-like architecture. The sphere-to-ellipsoid transition is favored under a wide range of conditions while the ellipse-to-rod transition is only permitted when filaments have a specific range of lengths. Our findings have implications for understanding how the interactions between phase-separated actin binding proteins and actin filaments can give rise to different actin network architectures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic trapping organizes actin filaments within liquid-like protein droplets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolution imaging of neuronal structure with structured illumination microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) is a method in optical fluorescence microscopy which is suitable for imaging a wide variety of cells and tissues in biological and biomedical research. Typically, SIM methods use high spatial frequency illumination patterns generated by laser interference. This approach provides high resolution but is limited to thin samples such as cultured cells. Using a different strategy for processing the raw data and coarser illumination patterns, we imaged through a 150 {micro}m thick coronal section of a mouse brain expressing GFP in a subset of neurons. The resolution reached 144 nm, an improvement of 1.7 fold beyond conventional widefield imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paul, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolution imaging of neuronal structure with structured illumination microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase-encoded fMRI tracks down brainstorms of natural language processing with sub-second precision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human language system interacts with cognitive and sensorimotor regions during natural language processing. However, where, when, and how these processes occur remain unclear. Existing noninvasive subtraction-based neuroimaging techniques cannot simultaneously achieve the spatial and temporal resolutions required to visualize ongoing information flows across the whole brain. Here we have developed phase-encoded designs to fully exploit the temporal information latent in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, as well as overcoming scanner noise and head-motion challenges during overt language tasks. We captured neural information flows as coherent waves traveling over the cortical surface during listening, reciting, and oral cross-language interpreting. The timing, location, direction, and surge of traveling waves, visualized as  brainstorms on brain  weather maps, reveal the functional and effective connectivity of the brain in action. These maps uncover the functional neuroanatomy of language perception and production and motivate the construction of finer-grained models of human information processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, V. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereno, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.542546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase-encoded fMRI tracks down brainstorms of natural language processing with sub-second precision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effective cell membrane tension protects red blood cells against malaria invasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A critical step in how malaria parasites invade red blood cells (RBCs) is the wrapping of the membrane around the egg-shaped merozoites. Recent experiments have revealed that RBCs can be protected from malaria invasion by high membrane tension. While cellular and biochemical aspects of parasite actomyosin motor forces during the malaria invasion have been well studied, the important role of the biophysical forces induced by the RBC membrane-cytoskeleton composite has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we use a theoretical model for lipid bilayer mechanics, cytoskeleton deformation, and membrane-merozoite interactions to systematically investigate the influence of effective RBC membrane tension, which includes contributions from the lipid bilayer tension, spontaneous tension, interfacial tension, and the resistance of cytoskeleton against shear deformation on the progression of membrane wrapping during the process of malaria invasion. Our model reveals that this effective membrane tension creates a wrapping energy barrier for a complete merozoite entry. We calculate the tension threshold required to impede the malaria invasion. We find that the tension threshold is a nonmonotonic function of spontaneous tension and undergoes a sharp transition from large to small values as the magnitude of interfacial tension increases. We also predict that the physical properties of the RBC cytoskeleton layer - particularly the resting length of the cytoskeleton - play key roles in specifying the degree of the membrane wrapping. We also found that the shear energy of cytoskeleton deformation diverges at the full wrapping state, suggesting the local disassembly of the cytoskeleton is required to complete the merozoite entry. Additionally, using our theoretical framework, we predict the landscape of myosin-mediated forces and the physical properties of the RBC membrane in regulating successful malaria invasion. Our findings on the crucial role of RBC membrane tension in inhibiting malaria invasion can have implications for developing novel antimalarial therapeutic or vaccine-based strategies.

SignificanceRBC membrane tension plays an important role in regulating RBC shape and functionality. In particular, recent experimental studies have shown that elevated RBC membrane tension protects against severe malaria infection. In this study, we sought to identify how different contributions to the the effective membrane tension can contribute to this mechanically-driven protection against malaria invasion. Using a mathematical model, we derived a relationship between the effective tension of the RBC membrane - comprising a lipid bilayer and a cytoskeleton layer- and the degree of membrane wrapping during malaria invasion. Our model shows that the shear resistance of the RBC cytoskeleton plays an important role in inhibiting malaria invasion. Our findings can be generalized to the role of cell membrane mechanics in many wrapping phenomena providing insight into the crucial contributions of the host-cell membrane in protection against severe infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effective cell membrane tension protects red blood cells against malaria invasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Analysis of Proteome-wide FPOP Data by FragPipe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monitoring protein structure before and after perturbations can give insights into the role and function of proteins. Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) allows monitoring of structural rearrangements by exposing proteins to OH radicals that oxidize solvent accessible residues, indicating protein regions undergoing movement. Some of the benefits of FPOP include high throughput and lack of scrambling due to label irreversibility. However, the challenges of processing FPOP data have thus far limited its proteome-scale uses. Here, we present a computational workflow for fast and sensitive analysis of FPOP datasets. Our workflow combines the speed of MSFragger search with a unique hybrid search method to restrict the large search space of FPOP modifications. Together, these features enable more than 10-fold faster FPOP searches that identify 50% more modified peptide spectra than previous methods. We hope this new workflow will increase the accessibility of FPOP to enable more protein structure and function relationships to be explored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polasky, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nesvizhskii, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Analysis of Proteome-wide FPOP Data by FragPipe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct measurement of dynamic attractant gradients reveals breakdown of the Patlak-Keller-Segel chemotaxis model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.01.543315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemotactic bacteria not only navigate chemical gradients, but also shape their environments by consuming and secreting attractants. Investigating how these processes influence the dynamics of bacterial populations has been challenging because of a lack of experimental methods for measuring spatial profiles of chemoattractants in real time. Here, we use a fluorescent sensor for aspartate to directly measure bacterially generated chemoattractant gradients during collective migration. Our measurements show that the standard Patlak-Keller-Segel model for collective chemotactic bacterial migration breaks down at high cell densities. To address this, we propose modifications to the model that consider the impact of cell density on bacterial chemotaxis and attractant consumption. With these changes, the model explains our experimental data across all cell densities, offering new insight into chemotactic dynamics. Our findings highlight the significance of considering cell density effects on bacterial behavior, and the potential for fluorescent metabolite sensors to shed light on the complex emergent dynamics of bacterial communities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring collective cellular processes, cells often dynamically shape and respond to their chemical environments. Our understanding of these processes is limited by the ability to measure these chemical profiles in real time. For example, the Patlak-Keller-Segel model has widely been used to describe collective chemotaxis towards self-generated gradients in various systems, albeit without direct verification. Here we used a biocompatible fluorescent protein sensor to directly observe attractant gradients created and chased by collectively-migrating bacteria. Doing so uncovered limitations of the standard chemotaxis model at high cell densities and allowed us to establish an improved model. Our work demonstrates the potential for fluorescent protein sensors to measure the spatiotemporal dynamics of chemical environments in cellular communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phan, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattingly, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Looger, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emonet, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.01.543315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct measurement of dynamic attractant gradients reveals breakdown of the Patlak-Keller-Segel chemotaxis model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.05.543679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aeroplane wing, a new recessive autosomal phenotypic marker in malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.05.543679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A novel and distinct mutant, with an aeroplane wing (ae) phenotype, is reported for the first time in the urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. The mutant mosquitoes exhibit extended wings that are easily visible to naked eyes in both sexes. This mutant was first observed in a nutritionally stressed experimental isofemale line and characterized for its genetic inheritance and other related parameters. Meticulous and strategic genetic crosses revealed that the ae gene is an autosomal, recessive, non-sex-linked and monogenic trait with full penetrance and uniform expression in the adult stage. Cytogenetic study of the ovarian polytene chromosome revealed an inversion on the 3L chromosome (3Li) in both the ae mutant and its parent line. No significant differences in wing venation and other parameters were observed in ae mutants compared to their normal parental lines. This ae mutant would be an excellent marker that can be used by researchers to study the function of related genes within the genome.

Author summaryIn the present study, we have established and describe the inheritance of an unusual novel aeroplane (ae) winged mutant in Anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector in India. The ae mutant lines exhibit three open-wing orientations in both the sexes of adults viz. left (LW), right (RW) and double wing (DW) during its resting phase. Through various inbreeding crosses we demonstrated the mode of inheritance of the ae gene to be autosomal, recessive and monogenic in nature. The morphometric studies of eggs and wings revealed that mutant lines are on par with their parental lines. Cytogenetic study of polytene chromosome of ae mutant revealed the presence of heterogenic inversion on the 3L chromosome arm, which might help in adaptation mechanism. We strongly believe that ae phenotypic markers have great applications bridging both basic and applied genetic research such as constructing linkage maps, identifying loci of quantitative and/or qualitative traits and as guides for insect transformation studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanjini, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.05.543679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aeroplane wing, a new recessive autosomal phenotypic marker in malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.06.543957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recognition of centromere-specific histone Cse4 by the inner kinetochore Okp1-Ame1 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.06.543957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful mitosis depends on the timely establishment of correct chromosomal attachments to microtubules. The kinetochore, a modular multiprotein complex, mediates this connection by recognizing specialized chromatin containing a histone H3 variant called Cse4 in budding yeast and CENP-A in vertebrates. Structural features of the kinetochore that enable discrimination between Cse4/CENP-A and H3 have been identified in several species. How and when these contribute to centromere recognition and how they relate to the overall structure of the inner kinetochore are unsettled questions. We have determined the crystal structure of a Cse4 peptide bound to the essential inner kinetochore Okp1-Ame1 heterodimer from budding yeast. The structure and related experiments show in detail an essential point of Cse4 contact and provide information about the arrangement of the inner kinetochore.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinshaw, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.06.543957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recognition of centromere-specific histone Cse4 by the inner kinetochore Okp1-Ame1 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained growth and rapid dispersal of chitin-associated marine bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many biogeochemical functions involve bacteria utilizing solid substrates. However, little is known about the coordination of bacterial growth with the kinetics of attachment to and detachment from such substrates. In this quantitative study of Vibrio sp. 1A01 growing on chitin particles, we reveal the heterogeneous nature of the exponentially growing culture, comprised of two co-existing subpopulations: a minority replicating on chitin particles and a non-replicating majority which was planktonic. This partition resulted from a high rate of cell detachment from particles. Despite high detachment, sustained exponential growth of cells on particles was enabled by the enrichment of extra-cellular chitinases excreted and left behind by detached cells. The "inheritance" of these chitinases sustains the colonizing subpopulation despite its reduced density. This simple mechanism helps to circumvent a tradeoff between growth and dispersal, allowing particle-associated marine heterotrophs to explore new habitats without compromising their fitness on the habitat they have already colonized.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guessous, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patsalo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caglar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained growth and rapid dispersal of chitin-associated marine bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-based gene drives generate super-Mendelian inheritance in the disease vector Culex quinquefasciatus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culex mosquitoes pose a significant public health threat as vectors for a variety of diseases including West Nile virus and lymphatic filariasis, and transmit pathogens threatening livestock, companion animals, and endangered birds. Rampant insecticide resistance makes controlling these mosquitoes challenging and necessitates the development of new control strategies. Gene drive technologies have made significant progress in other mosquito species, although similar advances have been lagging in Culex. Here we test the first CRISPR-based homing gene drive for Culex quinquefasciatus, demonstrating the possibility of using this technology to control Culex mosquitoes. Our results show that the inheritance of two split-gene-drive transgenes, targeting different loci, are biased in the presence of a Cas9-expressing transgene although with modest efficiencies. Our findings extend the list of disease vectors where engineered homing gene drives have been demonstrated to include Culex alongside Anopheles and Aedes, and pave the way for future development of these technologies to control Culex mosquitoes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harvey-Samuel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purusothaman, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leftwich, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alphey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-based gene drives generate super-Mendelian inheritance in the disease vector Culex quinquefasciatus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding Root Biogeography: Building Reduced Complexity Functional Rhizosphere Microbial Consortia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in supporting plant productivity and contributes to ecosystem functioning by regulating nutrient cycling, soil integrity, and carbon storage. However, characterizing their functional attributes and microbial relationships remains challenging due to their complex taxonomic and functional compositions. To enable such studies, the development of reduced complexity microbial consortia derived from the rhizosphere microbiome of the natural ecosystem is highly desirable. Designing and assembling reduced complexity consortia that mimic natural communities with consistent, stable, predictable features are highly sought after but is challenging to deliver. Here we present our systematic controlled design towards successful assembly of several such rhizosphere derived reduced complexity consortia. From Brachypodium grown in natural soil under controlled lab conditions, we enriched the root-associated microbes, utilizing carbon compounds prevalent in Brachypodium root exudates. By transferring the enrichments every 3 or 7 days for 9 generations, we developed both fast and slow-growing microbial communities. 16S rRNA amplicon analysis revealed that both inoculum and carbon substrates significantly influence microbial community composition. For example, 1/10 R2A preferentially enriched Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) from slow growing taxa vital to plant including Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Network analysis revealed that although fast and slow growing microbial consortia have distinct key taxa, the key hubs (keystone taxa) for both belong to genera with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. This suggests that PGP bacteria might play a central role in controlling the microbial networks among rhizospheric microbiomes. Based on the stability and richness results from different transfers, most carbon substrates lead to microbial consortia with reduced complexity and high stability after a few transfers. The stability tests of the derived microbial consortia also showed high stability, reproducibility, and revivability of the constructed microbial consortia. Our study represents a significant step towards understanding and harnessing the potential of rhizosphere microbiomes, with implications for sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabugao, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding Root Biogeography: Building Reduced Complexity Functional Rhizosphere Microbial Consortia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondria- and ER-associated actin are required for mitochondrial fusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular metabolism and signalling. Mitochondrial activity is modulated by the processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion, which are required to properly balance respiratory and metabolic functions, transfer material between mitochondria, and remove defective mitochondria. Mitochondrial fission occurs at sites of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and is dependent on the formation of actin filaments that drive mitochondrial constriction and the recruitment and activation of the dynamin-related GTPase fission protein DRP1. The requirement for mitochondria- and ER-associated actin filaments in mitochondrial fission remains unclear, and the role of actin in mitochondrial fusion remains entirely unexplored. Here we show that preventing the formation of actin filaments on either mitochondria or the ER disrupts both mitochondrial fission and fusion. We show that fusion but not fission is dependent on Arp2/3, whereas both fission and fusion are dependent on INF2 formin-dependent actin polymerization. We also show that mitochondria-associated actin marks fusion sites prior to the dynamin family GTPase fusion protein MFN2. Together, our work introduces a novel method for perturbing organelle-associated actin filaments, and demonstrates a previously unknown role for actin in mitochondrial fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gatti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiavon, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Germain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondria- and ER-associated actin are required for mitochondrial fusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.545018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BGCFlow: Systematic pangenome workflow for the analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters across large genomic datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.545018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome mining is revolutionizing natural products discovery efforts. The rapid increase in available genomes demands comprehensive computational platforms to effectively extract biosynthetic knowledge encoded across bacterial pangenomes. Here, we present BGCFlow, a novel systematic workflow integrating analytics for large-scale genome mining of bacterial pangenomes. BGCFlow incorporates several genome analytics and mining tools grouped into five common stages of analysis such as; i) data selection, ii) functional annotation, iii) phylogenetic analysis, iv) genome mining, and v) comparative analysis. Furthermore, BGCFlow provides easy configuration of different projects, parallel distribution, scheduled job monitoring, an interactive database to visualize tables, exploratory Jupyter notebooks, and customized reports. Here, we demonstrate the application of BGCFlow by investigating the phylogenetic distribution of various biosynthetic gene clusters detected across 42 genomes of the Saccharopolyspora genus, known to produce industrially important secondary/specialized metabolites. The BGCFlow-guided analysis predicted more accurate dereplication of BGCs and guided the targeted comparative analysis of selected RiPPs. The scalable, interoperable, adaptable, re-entrant, and reproducible nature of the BGCFlow will provide an effective novel way to extract the biosynthetic knowledge in the ever-growing genomic datasets of biotechnologically relevant bacterial species. BGCFlow is available for downloading at https://github.com/NBChub/bgcflow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nuhamunada, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohite, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.545018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BGCFlow: Systematic pangenome workflow for the analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters across large genomic datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reports of the death of brain-behavior associations have been greatly exaggerated 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a popular and useful non-invasive method to map patterns of brain structure and function to complex human traits. Recently published observations in multiple large scale studies cast doubt upon these prospects, particularly for prediction of cognitive traits from structural and resting state functional MRI, which seems to account for little behavioral variability. We leverage baseline data from thousands of children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD(R)) Study to inform the replication sample size required with both univariate and multivariate methods across different imaging modalities to detect reproducible brain-behavior associations. We demonstrate that by applying multivariate methods to high-dimensional brain imaging data, we can capture lower dimensional patterns of structural and functional brain architecture that correlate robustly with cognitive phenotypes and are reproducible with only 41 individuals in the replication sample for working memory-related functional MRI, and [~]100 subjects for structural MRI. Even with 100 random re-samplings of 50 subjects in the discovery sample, prediction can be adequately powered with 98 subjects in the replication sample for multivariate prediction of cognition with working memory task functional MRI. These results point to an important role for neuroimaging in translational neurodevelopmental research and showcase how findings in large samples can inform reproducible brain-behavior associations in small sample sizes that are at the heart of many investigators research programs and grants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reports of the death of brain-behavior associations have been greatly exaggerated]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Sex Separation by Exploiting Differential Alternative Splicing of a Dominant Marker in Aedes aegypti 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Only female mosquitoes consume blood and transmit deadly human pathogens. Therefore, it is critical to remove females before conducting releases for genetic biocontrol interventions. Here we describe a robust sex-sorting approach termed SEPARATOR (Sexing Element Produced by Alternative RNA-splicing of A Transgenic Observable Reporter) that exploits sex-specific alternative splicing of an innocuous reporter to ensure exclusive dominant male-specific expression. Using SEPARATOR, we demonstrate reliable sex selection from larval and pupal stages in Aedes aegypti, and use a Complex Object Parametric Analyzer and Sorter (COPAS(R)) to demonstrate scalable high-throughput sex-selection of first instar larvae. Additionally, we use this approach to sequence the transcriptomes of early larval males and females and find several genes that are sex-specifically expressed in males. SEPARATOR can simplify mass production of males for release programs and is designed to be cross-species portable and should be instrumental for genetic biocontrol interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marois, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Sex Separation by Exploiting Differential Alternative Splicing of a Dominant Marker in Aedes aegypti]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal Ndst1 depletion accelerates prion protein clearance and slows neurodegeneration in prion infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Select prion diseases are characterized by widespread cerebral plaque-like deposits of amyloid fibrils enriched in heparan sulfate (HS), a major extracellular matrix component. HS facilitates fibril formation in vitro, yet how HS impacts fibrillar plaque growth within the brain is unclear. Here we found that prion-bound HS chains are highly sulfated, and that the sulfation is essential for HS accelerating prion conversion in vitro. Using conditional knockout mice to deplete the HS sulfation enzyme, Ndst1 (N-deacetylase, N-sulfotransferase), from neurons or astrocytes, we investigated how reducing HS sulfation impacts survival and prion aggregate distribution during a prion infection. Neuronal Ndst1-depleted mice survived longer and showed fewer and smaller parenchymal plaques, shorter fibrils, and increased vascular amyloid, consistent with enhanced aggregate transit toward perivascular drainage channels. The prolonged survival was strain-dependent, affecting mice infected with extracellular, plaque-forming, but not membrane bound, prion strains. Live PET imaging revealed rapid clearance of prion protein monomers into the CSF in mice expressing unsulfated HS, further suggesting that HS sulfate groups hinder transit of extracellular prion monomers. Our results directly show how a host cofactor slows the spread of prion protein through the extracellular space and identify an enzyme target to facilitate aggregate clearance.

Author summaryPrions cause a rapidly progressive neurologic disease and death with no curative treatment available. Prion aggregates accumulate exponentially in the brain in affected individuals triggering neuronal loss and neuroinflammation. Yet the additional molecules that facilitate aggregation are largely unknown, and their identification may lead to new therapeutic targets. We have found that prions in the brain preferentially bind to a highly sulfated endogenous polysaccharide, known as heparan sulfate (HS). Here we use genetically modified mice that express poorly sulfated neuron-derived HS, and infect mice with different prions strains. We find that the mice infected with a plaque-forming prion strain show a prolonged survival and fewer plaques compared to the controls. We also found that the prion protein was efficiently transported in the interstitial fluid in mice having poorly sulfated HS, suggesting that the prion protein is more readily cleared from the brain. Our study provides insight into how HS retains prion aggregates in the brain to accelerate disease and indicates the specific HS biosynthetic enzymes to target for enhancing protein clearance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguilar Calvo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barback, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orru, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bapat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kraus, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>caughey, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigurdson, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal Ndst1 depletion accelerates prion protein clearance and slows neurodegeneration in prion infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell arrangement impacts metabolic activity and antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells must access resources to survive, and the anatomy of multicellular structures influences this access. In diverse multicellular eukaryotes, resources are provided by internal conduits that allow substances to travel more readily through tissue than they would via diffusion. Microbes growing in multicellular structures, called biofilms, are also affected by differential access to resources and we hypothesized that this is influenced by the physical arrangement of the cells. In this study, we examined the microanatomy of biofilms formed by the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and discovered that clonal cells form striations that are packed lengthwise across most of a mature biofilms depth. We identified mutants, including those defective in pilus function and in O-antigen attachment, that show alterations to this lengthwise packing phenotype. Consistent with the notion that cellular arrangement affects access to resources within the biofilm, we found that while the wild type shows even distribution of tested substrates across depth, the mutants show accumulation of substrates at the biofilm boundaries. Furthermore, we found that altered cellular arrangement within biofilms affects the localization of metabolic activity, the survival of resident cells, and the susceptibility of subpopulations to antibiotic treatment. Our observations provide insight into cellular features that determine biofilm microanatomy, with consequences for physiological differentiation and drug sensitivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dayton, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiss, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMarre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornell, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janakiraman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price-Whelan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nirody, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.20.545666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell arrangement impacts metabolic activity and antibiotic tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GRAS1 non-coding RNA protects against DNA damage and cell death by binding NKAP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) gene products are involved in diverse biological processes including splicing, epigenetic regulation, gene expression, proliferation, and metabolism. The biological mechanisms by which ncRNAs contribute to cell survival remain poorly understood. We found that the Growth Regulator Antisense 1 (GRAS1) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcript promotes growth in multiple human cell types by protecting against DNA damage. Knockdown of GRAS1 induced DNA damage and cell death, along with significant expression changes in DNA damage response, intrinsic apoptotic signaling, and cellular response to environmental stimulus genes. Extensive DNA damage occurred after GRAS1 knockdown, with numerous double strand breaks occurring in each cell. The number of cells undergoing apoptosis and with fragmented nuclei increased significantly after GRAS1 knockdown. We used RNA antisense purification and mass spectrometry (RAP-MS) to identify the NF-{kappa}B activating protein (NKAP) as a direct protein interaction partner of GRAS1 lncRNA. NKAP protein was degraded after GRAS1 knockdown, in a proteasome-dependent manner. Overexpression of GRAS1 or NKAP mitigated the DNA damage effects of GRAS1 knockdown. In summary, GRAS1 and NKAP directly interact to protect against DNA damage and cell death in multiple human cell lines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, V. W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camden, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.20.545783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GRAS1 non-coding RNA protects against DNA damage and cell death by binding NKAP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hypogonadal (Gnrh1hpg) mice reveal niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.20.545808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome has been linked to many diseases with sex bias including autoimmune, metabolic, neurological, and reproductive disorders. Numerous studies report sex differences in fecal microbial communities, but how this differentiation occurs remains unclear. Using a genetic hypogonadal mouse model that does not produce sex steroids or go through puberty, we investigated how sex and the reproductive axis impact bacterial diversity within the small and large intestine. Both sex and reproductive axis inactivation altered bacterial composition in an intestinal section and niche-specific manner. Our results also implicated factors independent of the reproductive axis (i.e., sex chromosomes) in shaping intestinal communities. Additionally, our detailed profile of intestinal communities showed that fecal samples do not reflect bacterial diversity in the small intestine. Our results have ramifications for studying the impact of sex differences on the gut microbiome, particularly in sex-biased diseases and factoring in sex and steroid levels in microbial-based therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sisk-Hackworth, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sau, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, L. Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley-Thackray, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.20.545808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hypogonadal (Gnrh1hpg) mice reveal niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodule imaging of the hierarchical equine hoof wall porosity and structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The equine hoof wall has a complex, hierarchical structure that can inspire designs of impact-resistant materials. In this study, we utilized micro-computed tomography (-CT) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to image the microstructure and nanostructure of the hoof wall. We quantified the morphology of tubular medullary cavities by measuring equivalent diameter, surface area, volume, and sphericity. High-resolution -CT revealed that tubules are partially or fully filled with tissue near the exterior surface and become progressively empty towards the inner part of the hoof wall. Thin bridges were detected within the medullary cavity, starting in the middle section of the hoof wall and increasing in density and thickness towards the inner part. Porosity was measured using three-dimensional (3D) -CT, two-dimensional (2D) -CT, and a helium pycnometer, with the highest porosity obtained using the helium pycnometer (8.07%), followed by 3D (3.47%) and 2D (2.98%) -CT. SBF-SEM captured the 3D structure of the hoof wall at the nanoscale, showing that the tubule wall is not solid, but has nano-sized pores, which explains the higher porosity obtained using the helium pycnometer. The results of this investigation provide morphological information on the hoof wall for the future development of hoof-inspired materials and offer a novel perspective on how various measurement methods can influence the quantification of porosity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jasiuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahrous, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chadha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robins, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonney, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boateng, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodule imaging of the hierarchical equine hoof wall porosity and structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probing the dissociation pathway of a kinetically labile transthyretin mutant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aggregation of transthyretin (TTR) is associated with devastating TTR amyloid disease. Amyloidosis begins with dissociation of the native tetramer to form a monomeric intermediate that assembles into pathogenic aggregates. This process is accelerated in vitro at low pH, but the dissociation and reassembly of TTR at neutral pH remains poorly understood, due to the low population of intermediates. We use NMR studies with a highly sensitive 19F probe that allows deconvolution of relative populations of a destabilized A25T mutant at concentrations as low as 2 {micro}M. The A25T mutation, located at the weak dimer interface, perturbs both the weak and strong dimer interfaces. A tetramer-dimer-monomer (TDM) equilibrium model is proposed to account for concentration- and temperature-dependent population changes. All thermodynamic and kinetic parameters and activation energetics for dissociation of the native A25T tetramer, as well as a destabilized alternative tetramer (T*) with a mispacked F87 side chain, were extracted by vant Hoff and 19F NMR line-shape analysis. The conversion from T to T*, the slowest first-order kinetic step, shows anti-Arrhenius behavior. The 19F and methyl chemical shifts of probes close to the strong dimer interface in the dimer and T* species are degenerate, implicating interfacial perturbation as a common structural feature of these intermediate species. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further suggest more frequent F87 ring flipping on the nanoscale timescale in the A25T dimer than in the tetramer. Our integrated approach offers quantitative insights into the energy landscape of the dissociation pathway of TTR at neutral pH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanfield, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyson, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probing the dissociation pathway of a kinetically labile transthyretin mutant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial and temporal distribution of ribosomes in single cells reveals aging differences between old and new daughters of Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lineages of rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli exhibit a temporal decline in elongation rate in a manner comparable to cellular or biological aging. The effect results from the production of asymmetrical daughters, one with a lower elongation rate, by the division of a mother cell. The slower daughter compared to the faster daughter, denoted respectively as the old and new daughters, has more aggregates of damaged proteins and fewer expressed gene products. We have examined further the degree of asymmetry by measuring the density of ribosomes between old and new daughters and between their poles. We found that ribosomes were denser in the new daughter and also in the new pole of the daughters. These ribosome patterns match the ones we previously found for expressed gene products. This outcome suggests that the asymmetry is not likely to result from properties unique to the gene expressed in our previous study, but rather from a more fundamental upstream process affecting distribution of ribosomal abundance. Because damage aggregates and ribosomes are both more abundant at the poles of E. coli cells, we suggest that competition for space between the two could explain the reduced ribosomal density in old daughters. Using published values for aggregate sizes and the relationship between ribosomal number and elongation rates, we show that the aggregate volumes could in principle displace quantitatively the amount of ribosomes needed to reduce the elongation rate of the old daughters.

IMPORTANCEBacteria exhibit a growth decline in a manner comparable to cellular or biological aging. When a mother bacterium reproduces by binary fission it allocates more damage to one of the two daughters. The extra damage correlates with a slower growth. Thus, a lineage of daughters successively acquiring more damage over generations ages, sometimes even to death under stressful conditions. Aging lineages also have lower levels of expressed gene products. Here we show that the aging process also correlates with lower cellular levels of ribosomes. The identification of a ribosomal effect shows that the aging process is acting at a much more fundamental upstream level. While decreased gene products could have resulted from local regulation of specific genes, a lower ribosomal density affects the entirety of cellular metabolism. Understanding bacterial aging is important because biological aging may have originated in single-celled organisms such as E. coli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rang, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial and temporal distribution of ribosomes in single cells reveals aging differences between old and new daughters of Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent iron-regulatory states contribute to heterogeneity in breast cancer aggressiveness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary tumors with similar mutational profiles can progress to vastly different outcomes where transcriptional state, rather than mutational profile, predicts prognosis. A key challenge is to understand how distinct tumor cell states are induced and maintained. In triple negative breast cancer cells, invasive behaviors and aggressive transcriptional signatures linked to poor patient prognosis can emerge in response to contact with collagen type I. Herein, collagen-induced migration heterogeneity within a TNBC cell line was leveraged to identify transcriptional programs associated with invasive versus non-invasive phenotypes and implicate molecular switches. Phenotype-guided sequencing revealed that invasive cells upregulate iron uptake and utilization machinery, anapleurotic TCA cycle genes, actin polymerization promoters, and a distinct signature of Rho GTPase activity and contractility regulating genes. The non-invasive cell state is characterized by actin and iron sequestration modules along with glycolysis gene expression. These unique tumor cell states are evident in patient tumors and predict divergent outcomes for TNBC patients. Glucose tracing confirmed that non-invasive cells are more glycolytic than invasive cells, and functional studies in cell lines and PDO models demonstrated a causal relationship between phenotype and metabolic state. Mechanistically, the OXPHOS dependent invasive state resulted from transient HO-1 upregulation triggered by contact with dense collagen that reduced heme levels and mitochondrial chelatable iron levels. This induced expression of low cytoplasmic iron response genes regulated by ACO1/IRP1. Knockdown or inhibition of HO-1, ACO1/IRP1, MRCK, or OXPHOS abrogated invasion. These findings support an emerging theory that heme and iron flux serve as important regulators of TNBC aggressiveness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leineweber, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalilimeybodi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent iron-regulatory states contribute to heterogeneity in breast cancer aggressiveness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synapsin E-domain is essential for α-synuclein function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.24.546170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cytosolic proteins synucleins and synapsins are thought to play cooperative roles in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling, but mechanistic insight is lacking. Here we identify the synapsin E-domain as an essential functional binding-partner of -synuclein (-syn). Synapsin E-domain allows -syn functionality, binds to -syn, and is necessary and sufficient for enabling effects of -syn at the synapse. Together with previous studies implicating the E-domain in clustering SVs, our experiments advocate a cooperative role for these two proteins in maintaining physiologic SV clusters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stavsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parra-Rivas, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhivanan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.24.546170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synapsin E-domain is essential for α-synuclein function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immortalization and transformation of primary cells mediated by engineered ecDNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Focal gene amplifications are among the most common cancer-associated mutations, but their evolution and contribution to tumorigenesis have proven challenging to recapitulate in primary cells and model organisms. Here we describe a general approach to engineer large (>1 Mbp) focal amplifications mediated by extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs, also known as "double minutes") in a spatiotemporally controlled manner in cancer cell lines and in primary cells derived from genetically engineered mice. With this strategy, ecDNA formation can be coupled with expression of fluorescent reporters or other selectable markers to enable the identification and tracking of ecDNA-containing cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by engineering MDM2-containing ecDNAs in near-diploid human cells, showing that GFP expression can be used to track ecDNA dynamics under physiological conditions or in the presence of specific selective pressures. We also apply this approach to generate mice harboring inducible Myc- and Mdm2-containing ecDNAs analogous to those spontaneously occurring in human cancers. We show that the engineered ecDNAs rapidly accumulate in primary cells derived from these animals, promoting proliferation, immortalization, and transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pradella, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melissa, Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluchowska, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendon Florez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Rocca, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastroleo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonescu, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.25.546239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immortalization and transformation of primary cells mediated by engineered ecDNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.545546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A FRET-based excitatory luminopsin with improved efficacy of bioluminescence-driven activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.26.545546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SignificanceBioluminescent optogenetics (BL-OG) offers a unique and powerful approach to manipulate neural activity both opto- and chemogenetically using a single actuator molecule (a LuMinOpsin, LMO).

AimTo further enhance the utility of BL-OG by improving the efficacy of chemogenetic (bioluminescence- driven) LMO activation.

ApproachWe developed novel luciferases optimized for Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) when fused to the fluorescent protein mNeonGreen, generating bright bioluminescent (BL) emitters spectrally tuned to Volvox Channelrhodopsin 1 (VChR1).

ResultsA new LMO generated from this approach (LMO7) showed significantly stronger BL-driven opsin activation compared to previous and other new variants. We extensively benchmarked LMO7 against LMO3 (current standard), and found significantly stronger neuronal activity modulation ex vivo and in vivo, and efficient modulation of behavior.

ConclusionsWe report a robust new option for achieving multiple modes of control in a single actuator, and a promising engineering strategy for continued improvement of BL-OG.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bjorefeldt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.26.545546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A FRET-based excitatory luminopsin with improved efficacy of bioluminescence-driven activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual-specific autophosphorylation of kinase IKK2 enables phosphorylation of substrate IkappaBalpha without requiring ATP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid and high-fidelity phosphorylation of serine residues at positions 32 and 36 of I{kappa}B by IKK2, a prototypical Ser/Thr kinase, is critical for canonical NF-{kappa}B activation. Here, we report that IKK2 not only phosphorylates substrate serine residues and autophosphorylates its own activation loop, but also autophosphorylates at a tyrosine residue proximal to the active site and is, therefore, a dual-specificity kinase. We observed that mutation of Y169, an autophosphorylatable tyrosine located at the DFG+1 (DLG in IKK1) position, to phenylalanine renders IKK2 incapable of catalyzing phosphorylation at S32 within its I{kappa}B substrate. We also observed that mutation of the phylogenetically conserved ATP-contacting residue K44 in IKK2 to methionine converts IKK2 to an enzyme that no longer catalyzes specific phosphorylation of I{kappa}B at S32 or S36, but rather directs phosphorylation of I{kappa}B at other residues. Lastly, we report evidence of a phospho-relay from autophosphorylated IKK2 to I{kappa}B in the presence of ADP. These observations suggest an unusual evolution of IKK2, in which autophosphorylation of tyrosine(s) in the activation loop, and the conserved ATP-contacting K44 residue provide its signal-responsive substrate specificity and ensure fidelity during NF-{kappa}B activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Polley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huxford, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual-specific autophosphorylation of kinase IKK2 enables phosphorylation of substrate IkappaBalpha without requiring ATP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNF185 control of COL3A1 expression limits prostate cancer migration and metastatic potential. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNF185 is a RING finger domain-containing ubiquitin ligase implicated in ER-associated degradation. Prostate tumor patient data analysis revealed a negative correlation between RNF185 expression and prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Likewise, several prostate cancer cell lines exhibited greater migration and invasion capabilities in culture upon RNF185 depletion. Subcutaneous inoculation of mouse prostate cancer MPC3 cells stably expressing shRNA against RNF185 into mice resulted in larger tumors and more frequent lung metastases. RNA-sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified wound healing and cellular movement among the most significant pathways upregulated in RNF185-depleted, compared to control prostate cancer cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses performed in samples from patients harboring low RNF185 expression and in RNF185-depleted lines confirmed the deregulation of genes implicated in EMT. Among those, COL3A1 was identified as the primary mediator of RNF185s ability to impact migration phenotypes. Correspondingly, enhanced migration and metastasis of RNF185 KD prostate cancer cells were attenuated upon co-inhibition of COL3A1. Our results identify RNF185 as a gatekeeper of prostate cancer metastasis, partly via its control of COL3A1 availability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Espen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oo, H. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazil, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleave, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronai, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.547118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNF185 control of COL3A1 expression limits prostate cancer migration and metastatic potential.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental enrichment promotes adaptive responding during tests of behavioral regulation in male heterogeneous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms must regulate their behavior flexibly in the face of environmental challenges. Failure can lead to a host of maladaptive behavioral traits associated with a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and substance use disorders. This maladaptive dysregulation of behavior is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. For example, environmental enrichment produces beneficial neurobehavioral effects in animal models of such disorders. The present study determined the effects of environmental enrichment on a range of measures related to behavioral regulation using a large cohort of male, outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats as subjects to mimic the genetic variability found in the human population. Subjects were reared from late adolescence onwards either in pairs in standard housing with minimal enrichment (n=200) or in groups of 16 in a highly enriched environment consisting of a large multi-level cage filled with toys, running wheels, and shelters (n=64). Rats were subjected to a battery of tests, including: (i) locomotor response to novelty, (iI) light reinforcement, (iii) social reinforcement, (iv) reaction time, (v) a patch-depletion foraging test, (vi) Pavlovian conditioned approach, (vii) conditioned reinforcement, and (viii) cocaine conditioned cue preference. Results indicated that rats housed in the enriched environment were able to filter out irrelevant stimuli more effectively and thereby regulate their behavior more efficiently than standard-housing rats. The dramatic impact of environmental enrichment suggests that behavioral studies using standard housing conditions may not generalize to more complex environments that may be more ethologically relevant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripi, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gancarz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietz, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental enrichment promotes adaptive responding during tests of behavioral regulation in male heterogeneous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune-Epithelial Dynamics and Tissue Remodeling in Chronically Inflamed Nasal Epithelium via Multi-scaled Transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the sinonasal cavity that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The complex pathophysiology of CRS remains poorly understood, with emerging evidence implicating the orchestration between diverse immune and epithelial cell types in disease progression. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics to both dissociated and intact, freshly isolated sinonasal human tissues to investigate the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of CRS with and without nasal polyp formation compared to non-CRS control samples. Our findings reveal a mechanism for macrophage-eosinophil recruitment into the nasal mucosa, systematic dysregulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and enrichment of mast cell populations to the upper airway tissues with intricate interactions between mast cells and CD4 T cells. Additionally, we identify immune-epithelial interactions and dysregulation, particularly involving understudied basal progenitor cells and Tuft chemosensory cells. We further describe a distinct basal cell differential trajectory in CRS patients with nasal polyps (NP), and link it to NP formation through immune-epithelial remodeling. By harnessing stringent patient tissue selection and advanced technologies, our study unveils novel aspects of CRS pathophysiology, and sheds light onto both intricate immune and epithelial cell interactions within the disrupted CRS tissue microenvironment and promising targets for therapeutic intervention. These findings expand upon existing knowledge of nasal inflammation and provide a comprehensive resource towards understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this uniquely complex disease entity, and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakayama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overdevest, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarabanda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gall, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dholakia, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchard, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philips, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barouch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.01.547352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune-Epithelial Dynamics and Tissue Remodeling in Chronically Inflamed Nasal Epithelium via Multi-scaled Transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive rehabilitation can improve brain injury-induced deficits in behavioral flexibility and impulsivity linked to impaired reward-feedback activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects a large population, resulting in severe cognitive impairments. Although cognitive rehabilitation is an accepted treatment for some deficits, studies in patients are limited in ability to probe physiological and behavioral mechanisms. Therefore, animal models are needed to optimize strategies. Frontal TBI in a rat model results in robust and replicable cognitive deficits, making this an ideal candidate for investigating cognitive rehabilitation. In this study, we report three distinct frontal TBI experiments assessing behavior well into the chronic post-injury period using male Long-Evans rats. First, we evaluated the impact of frontal injury on local field potentials recorded simultaneously from 12 brain regions during a probabilistic reversal learning task (PbR). Next, rats were tested on reversal learning (PbR) or impulsivity (differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior: DRL) and half received salient cues associated with reinforcement contingencies as a form of "cognitive rehabilitation". After rehabilitation on the PbR task, brains were stained for markers of activity. On the DRL, cues were devalued to determine if beneficial effects persisted on impulsive behavior. TBI resulted in outcome salience deficits evident in task performance and reward-feedback signals occurring at beta frequencies in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and associated frontostriatal regions. Cognitive rehabilitation improved flexibility and increased OFC activity. Rehabilitation also reduced impulsivity, even after cues were degraded, which was partially mediated by improvements in timing behavior. The current study established a robust platform for investigating cognitive rehabilitation in animals and identified a strong role for dysfunctional OFC signaling after frontal TBI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koloski, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hearn, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankot, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giesler, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vonder Haar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.02.547397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive rehabilitation can improve brain injury-induced deficits in behavioral flexibility and impulsivity linked to impaired reward-feedback activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.546613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glioblastoma Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion are Dependent on a NF-κB/BRD2 Chromatin Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.546613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive subtype of glioma, noted for its profound invasiveness and molecular heterogeneity. The mesenchymal (MES) transcriptomic subtype is frequently associated with therapy resistance, rapid recurrence, and increased tumor-associated macrophages. Notably, activation of the NF-{kappa}B pathway and alterations in the PTEN gene are both associated with this malignant transition. Although PTEN aberrations have been shown to be associated with enhanced NF-{kappa}B signaling, the relationships between PTEN, NF-{kappa}B and MES transition are poorly understood in GBM. Here, we show that PTEN regulates the chromatin binding of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family proteins, BRD2 and BRD4, mediated by p65/RelA localization to the chromatin. By utilizing patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells and CRISPR gene editing of the RELA gene, we demonstrate a crucial role for RelA lysine 310 acetylation in recruiting BET proteins to chromatin for MES gene expression and GBM cell invasion upon PTEN loss. Remarkably, we found that BRD2 is dependent on chromatin associated acetylated RelA for its recruitment to MES gene promoters and their expression. Furthermore, loss of BRD2 results in the loss of MES signature, accompanied by an enrichment of proneural signature and enhanced therapy responsiveness. Finally, we demonstrate that disrupting the NF-{kappa}B/BRD2 interaction with a brain penetrant BET-BD2 inhibitor reduces mesenchymal gene expression, GBM invasion, and therapy resistance in GBM models. This study uncovers the role of hitherto unexplored PTEN-NF-{kappa}B-BRD2 pathway in promoting MES transition and suggests inhibiting this complex with BET-BD2 specific inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to target the MES phenotype in GBM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>vadla, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawauchi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathwani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathanson, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.546613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glioblastoma Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion are Dependent on a NF-κB/BRD2 Chromatin Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing the Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Probiotic L. reuteri is Enabled by Transcriptomics and Machine Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.03.547516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ILimosilactobacillus reuteri, a probiotic microbe instrumental to human health and sustainable food production, adapts to diverse environmental shifts via dynamic gene expression. We applied independent component analysis to 117 high-quality RNA-seq datasets to decode its transcriptional regulatory network (TRN), identifying 35 distinct signals that modulate specific gene sets. This study uncovers the fundamental properties of L. reuteris TRN, deepens our understanding of its arginine metabolism, and the co-regulation of riboflavin metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. It also sheds light on conditions that regulate genes within a specific biosynthetic gene cluster and the role of isoprenoid biosynthesis in L. reuteris adaptive response to environmental changes. Through the integration of transcriptomics and machine learning, we provide a systems-level understanding of L. reuteris response mechanism to environmental fluctuations, thus setting the stage for modeling the probiotic transcriptome for applications in microbial food production.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=137 SRC="FIGDIR/small/547516v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (38K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@118ec4corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@141b0b7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b8cf6forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3ab181_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Comprehensive iModulon Workflow Overview. Our innovative workflow is grounded in the analysis of the LactoPRECISE compendium, a curated dataset containing 117 internally sequenced RNA-seq samples derived from a diversity of 50 unique conditions, encompassing an extensive range of 13 distinct condition types. We employ the power of Independent Component Analysis (ICA), a cutting-edge machine learning algorithm, to discern the underlying structure of iModulons within this wealth of data. In the subsequent stage of our workflow, the discovered iModulons undergo detailed scrutiny to uncover media-specific regulatory mechanisms governing metabolism, illuminate the context-dependent intricacies of gene expression, and predict pathways leading to the biosynthesis of probiotic secondary metabolites. Our workflow offers an invaluable and innovative lens through which to view probiotic strain design while simultaneously highlighting transformative approaches to data analytics in the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Josephs-Spaulding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajput, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balasubramanian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.03.547516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing the Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Probiotic L. reuteri is Enabled by Transcriptomics and Machine Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cholinergic stimulation increases cortical spine formation via local inhibitory circuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections densely innervate the neocortex, releasing acetylcholine (ACh) to modulate neuronal excitability, thereby influencing sensory processing and cognitive functions. However, the synaptic basis of such ACh-induced effects in vivo remains elusive. To investigate how ACh release from BF regulates synaptic dynamics in the neocortex, we selectively stimulated BF cholinergic neurons in mice, and used two-photon microscopy to track structural changes of dendritic spines on cortical pyramidal neurons. We found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons rapidly induced spine formation in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the auditory cortex and the posterior parietal cortex. Selective blockage of ACh receptors (AChRs) demonstrated that nicotinic AChRs are required for the ACh-induced spine formation. We also found that Ach-induced spine formation of pyramidal neurons requires the activity of cortical somatostatin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. Together, our study revealed ACh-induced synaptic plasticity in the cortical microcircuit in vivo, providing a synaptic mechanism for cortical neuronal plasticity and functional changes associated with BF ACh release.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cholinergic stimulation increases cortical spine formation via local inhibitory circuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced cellular longevity arising from environmental fluctuations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular longevity is regulated by both genetic and environmental factors. However, the interactions of these factors in the context of aging remain largely unclear. Here, we formulate a mathematical model for dynamic glucose modulation of a core gene circuit in yeast aging, which not only guided the design of pro-longevity interventions, but also revealed the theoretical principles underlying these interventions. We introduce the dynamical systems theory to capture two general means for promoting longevity - the creation of a stable fixed point in the "healthy" state of the cell and the dynamic stabilization of the system around this healthy state through environmental oscillations. Guided by the model, we investigate how both of these can be experimentally realized by dynamically modulating environmental glucose levels. The results establish a paradigm for theoretically analyzing the trajectories and perturbations of aging that can be generalized to aging processes in diverse cell types and organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced cellular longevity arising from environmental fluctuations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547873v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dimensional and Categorical Solutions to Parsing Depression Heterogeneity in a Large Single-Site Sample 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547873v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRecent studies have reported significant advances in modeling the biological basis of heterogeneity in major depressive disorder (MDD), but investigators have also identified important technical challenges, including scanner-related artifacts, a propensity for multivariate models to overfit, and a need for larger samples with deeper clinical phenotyping. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate dimensional and categorical solutions to parsing heterogeneity in depression that are stable and generalizable in a large, deeply phenotyped, single-site sample.

MethodsWe used regularized canonical correlation analysis (RCCA) to identify data-driven brain-behavior dimensions explaining individual differences in depression symptom domains in a large, single-site dataset comprising clinical assessments and resting state fMRI data for N=328 patients with MDD and N=461 healthy controls. We examined the stability of clinical loadings and model performance in held-out data. Finally, hierarchical clustering on these dimensions was used to identify categorical depression subtypes

ResultsThe optimal RCCA model yielded three robust and generalizable brain-behavior dimensions explaining individual differences in depressed mood and anxiety, anhedonia, and insomnia. Hierarchical clustering identified four depression subtypes, each with distinct clinical symptom profiles, abnormal RSFC patterns, and antidepressant responsiveness to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

ConclusionsOur results define dimensional and categorical solutions to parsing neurobiological heterogeneity in MDD that are stable, generalizable, and capable of predicting treatment outcomes, each with distinct advantages in different contexts. They also provide additional evidence that RCCA and hierarchical clustering are effective tools for investigating associations between functional connectivity and clinical symptoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dunlop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosenick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vila-Rodriguez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunning, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daskalakis, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumberger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547873</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dimensional and Categorical Solutions to Parsing Depression Heterogeneity in a Large Single-Site Sample]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.547815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and Biosynthesis of Hectoramide B, a Linear Depsipeptide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorena producens JHB Discovered via Co-culture with Candida albicans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.547815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tropical marine cyanobacterium Moorena producens JHB is a prolific source of secondary metabolites with potential biomedical utility. Previous studies of this strain led to the discovery of several novel compounds such as the hectochlorins and jamaicamides; however, bioinformatic analyses of its genome suggested that there were many more cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters yet to be characterized. To potentially stimulate the production of novel compounds from this strain, it was co-cultured with Candida albicans. From this experiment, we observed the increased production of a new compound that we characterize here as hectoramide B. Bioinformatic analysis of the M. producens JHB genome enabled the identification of a putative biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for hectoramide B biosynthesis. This work demonstrates that co-culture competition experiments can be a valuable method to facilitate the discovery of novel natural products from cyanobacteria.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=106 SRC="FIGDIR/small/547815v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngo, T.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guild, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remmel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudreau, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naman, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glukhov, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shende, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.547815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and Biosynthesis of Hectoramide B, a Linear Depsipeptide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Moorena producens JHB Discovered via Co-culture with Candida albicans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.547287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of environmental factors on calling behavior in midshipman fish across ocean basins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.11.547287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chorusing is widespread across the animal kingdom. Animal calling behavior is often driven by phenological and environmental factors such as seasonality, lunar period, and temperature. Now, in the Anthropocene, factors such as increased anthropogenic noise levels are also affecting calling behavior. Many fish call in choruses to attract mates, but the dynamics that drive fish calling behavior have rarely been studied in the field. We investigated how seasonality, lunar period, ambient noise, and temperature influenced the calling behavior of two species of toadfish, the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) and putatively, the Atlantic midshipman (Porichthys plectrodon). Acoustic recordings from a two-year period in twelve different locations, spanning two ocean basins showed that midshipman chorus presence was driven by seasonality and lunar period. Furthermore, chorus frequency increased with increasing temperature. Chorus levels were strongly influenced by seasonality and increased somewhat with increasing noise levels. Taken together, these results indicate that midshipman calling behavior was strongly influenced by interacting environmental conditions. Understanding the various impacts of each driver will facilitate predictions of changes in midshipman calling due to future changes in environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowell, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margolina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peavey Reeves, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatch, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann-Pickering, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.11.547287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of environmental factors on calling behavior in midshipman fish across ocean basins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002 and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has led to increased sampling of related sarbecoviruses circulating primarily in horseshoe bats. These viruses undergo frequent recombination and exhibit spatial structuring across Asia. Employing recombination-aware phylogenetic inference on bat sarbecoviruses, we find that the closest-inferred bat virus ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 existed just [~]1-3 years prior to their emergence in humans. Phylogeographic analyses examining the movement of related sarbecoviruses demonstrate that they traveled at similar rates to their horseshoe bat hosts and have been circulating for thousands of years in Asia. The closest-inferred bat virus ancestor of SARS-CoV likely circulated in western China, and that of SARS-CoV-2 likely circulated in a region comprising southwest China and northern Laos, both a substantial distance from where they emerged. This distance and recency indicate that the direct ancestors of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 could not have reached their respective sites of emergence via the bat reservoir alone. Our recombination-aware dating and phylogeographic analyses reveal a more accurate inference of evolutionary history than performing only whole-genome or single gene analyses. These results can guide future sampling efforts and demonstrate that viral genomic fragments extremely closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 were circulating in horseshoe bats, confirming their importance as the reservoir species for SARS viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pekar, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lytras, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghafari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havens, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katzourakis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasylyeva, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchard, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellicour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worobey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The recency and geographical origins of the bat viruses ancestral to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ventral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventral pallidum (VP) contains GABA and glutamate (Glut) neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area (VTA) whose stimulation drives approach and avoidance, respectively. Yet little is known about the cell-type-specific mechanisms by which VP projections to VTA drive behavior. Here, we found that both VP GABA and Glut neurons were activated during approach to reward or delivery of an aversive stimulus. Stimulation of VP GABA neurons inhibited VTA GABA, but activated dopamine (DA) and glutamate neurons. Remarkably, this cell-type-specific recruitment was behavior-contingent such that VTA recruitment was inhibited when evoked by the subjects own action. Conversely, VP Glut neurons activated VTA GABA, as well as DA and Glut neurons, despite driving aversion. However, VP Glut neurons evoked DA in reward-associated ventromedial nucleus accumbens (NAc), but reduced DA in aversion-associated dorsomedial NAc. These findings show how heterogeneous VP cell types can engage VTA cell types to shape approach and avoidance behaviors.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIVP GABA and Glut neurons are activated by approach to reward and aversive stimuli
C_LIO_LIVP GABA and Glut neurons oppositely affect VTA GABA, both activate VTA DA and Glut
C_LIO_LIVP Glut neurons activate DA release in ventral NAc but inhibit DA from dorsal NAc
C_LIO_LIVTA DA responses to VP GABA activity are inhibited by the subjects own action
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faget, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oriol, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sargent, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ventral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracellular sphingolipid sorting drives membrane phase separation in the yeast vacuole 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The yeast vacuole membrane can phase separate into ordered and disordered domains, a phenomenon that is required for micro-lipophagy under nutrient limitation. Here we report that sorting of sphingolipids (SLs) into the vacuole membrane controls this process. We first developed a vacuole isolation method to identify lipidome changes during the onset of phase separation in early stationary stage cells. We found that phase separated vacuoles are characterized by increases in lipid raft-forming components not found in the whole cell, including a dramatic change in SL composition. Sorting of both SLs and ergosterol into the vacuole membrane is dependent on Npc2, the yeast homologue of the Niemann-Pick Type C2 lipid transporter. Genetic dissection of SL biosynthesis revealed that the composition of vacuole SLs modulates membrane phase separation and micro-lipophagy under glucose restriction. These results show that lipid trafficking can drive membrane phase separation in vivo and identify SLs as key mediators of this process in yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular sphingolipid sorting drives membrane phase separation in the yeast vacuole]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linear modeling of brain activity during selectiveattention to continuous speech: the critical role of the N1 effect in event-related potentials to acoustic edges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.548994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent work in the field of neural speech tracking provided evidence for a cortical rep-resentation of speech through superposition of event-related responses to acoustic edges, an idea closely related to the popular linear modeling approach to study cortical syn-chronization to speech via magneto- or electroencephalography (M/EEG). However, it is still unclear to what extent speech-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) including well-established phenomena, e.g., the N1 selective attention effect, contribute to the regression-based analyses. Here, we addressed this question by analyzing an EEG dataset obtained during a simple multispeaker selective attention task in which participants were cued to attend to only one of two competing speakers. Segmenting the ongoing EEG based on acoustic edges, we were able to replicate previous findings of event-related responses to speech in MEG data with particularly clear P1-N1-P2 complexes. Crucially, speech-evoked ERPs exhibited significant effects of attention in line with the auditory N1 effect. Comparing speech-evoked ERPs to the linear regression results revealed two major find-ings. First, temporal response functions (TRFs) obtained from forward modeling were strongly temporally as well as spatially correlated with corresponding true ERPs. Sec-ond, effects of attention demonstrated by the stimulus reconstruction (SR) accuracies obtained from backward modeling appeared to be driven by a consistent generation of speech-evoked ERPs including the N1 effect. Taken together, our observations reveal a direct link between ERPs to acoustic edges in speech and the linear TRF and SR mod-eling techniques. We emphasize the enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio provided by repeatedly evoked N1 responses to be a critical factor in facilitating the tracking and subsequent higher-order processing of selectively attended speech. In addition to that, the findings imply a cortical speech representation through superimposed speech-evoked ERPs in accordance with recent arguments promoting the neural evoked-response speech tracking model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillyard, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauss, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.548994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linear modeling of brain activity during selectiveattention to continuous speech: the critical role of the N1 effect in event-related potentials to acoustic edges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C9orf72 gene networks in the human brain correlate with cortical thickness in C9-FTD and implicate vulnerable cell types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionA hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) intronic to chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) is recognized as the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and ALS-FTD. Identifying genes that show similar regional co-expression patterns to C9orf72 may help identify novel gene targets and biological mechanisms that mediate selective vulnerability to ALS and FTD pathogenesis.

MethodsWe leveraged mRNA expression data in healthy brain from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to evaluate C9orf72 co-expression patterns. To do this, we correlated average C9orf72 expression values in 51 regions across different anatomical divisions (cortex, subcortex, cerebellum) with average gene expression values for 15,633 protein-coding genes, including 50 genes known to be associated with ALS, FTD, or ALS-FTD. We then evaluated whether the identified C9orf72 co-expressed genes correlated with patterns of cortical thickness in symptomatic C9orf72 pathogenic HRE carriers (n=19). Lastly, we explored whether genes with significant C9orf72 radiogenomic correlations (i.e.,  C9orf72 gene network) were enriched in specific cell populations in the brain and enriched for specific biological and molecular pathways.

ResultsA total of 1,748 genes showed an anatomical distribution of gene expression in the brain similar to C9orf72 and significantly correlated with patterns of cortical thickness in C9orf72 HRE carriers. This C9orf72 gene network was differentially expressed in cell populations previously implicated in ALS and FTD, including layer 5b cells, cholinergic motor neurons in the spinal cord, and medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and was enriched for biological and molecular pathways associated with multiple neurotransmitter systems, protein ubiquitination, autophagy, and MAPK signaling, among others.

ConclusionsConsidered together, we identified a network of C9orf72-associated genes that may influence selective regional and cell-type-specific vulnerabilities in ALS/FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Broce, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirkis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nillo, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturm, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugrue, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desikan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C9orf72 gene networks in the human brain correlate with cortical thickness in C9-FTD and implicate vulnerable cell types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Partitioning variance in cortical morphometry into genetic, environmental, and subject-specific components using a large adolescent sample 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relative contributions of genetic variation and experience in shaping the morphology of the adolescent brain are not fully understood. Using longitudinal data from 11,665 subjects in the ABCD Study(R), we fit vertex-wise variance components including family effects, genetic effects, and subject-level effects using a computationally efficient framework. Variance in cortical thickness and surface area is largely attributable to genetic influence, whereas sulcal depth is primarily explained by subject-level effects. Our results identify areas with heterogeneous distributions of heritability estimates that have not been seen in previous work using data from cortical regions. We discuss the biological importance of subject-specific variance and its implications for environmental influences on cortical development and maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Partitioning variance in cortical morphometry into genetic, environmental, and subject-specific components using a large adolescent sample]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACKR3-arrestin2/3 complexes reveal molecular consequences of GRK-dependent barcoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3, also known as CXCR7) is a scavenger receptor that regulates extracellular levels of the chemokine CXCL12 to maintain responsiveness of its partner, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), CXCR4. ACKR3 is notable because it does not couple to G proteins and instead is completely biased towards arrestins. Our previous studies revealed that GRK2 and GRK5 install distinct distributions of phosphates (or "barcodes") on the ACKR3 carboxy terminal tail, but how these unique barcodes drive different cellular outcomes is not understood. It is also not known if arrestin2 (Arr2) and 3 (Arr3) bind to these barcodes in distinct ways. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of Arr2 and Arr3 in complex with ACKR3 phosphorylated by either GRK2 or GRK5. Unexpectedly, the finger loops of Arr2 and 3 directly insert into the detergent/membrane instead of the transmembrane core of ACKR3, in contrast to previously reported "core" GPCR-arrestin complexes. The distance between the phosphorylation barcode and the receptor transmembrane core regulates the interaction mode of arrestin, alternating between a tighter complex for GRK5 sites and heterogenous primarily "tail only" complexes for GRK2 sites. Arr2 and 3 bind at different angles relative to the core of ACKR3, likely due to differences in membrane/micelle anchoring at their C-edge loops. Our structural investigations were facilitated by Fab7, a novel Fab that binds both Arr2 and 3 in their activated states irrespective of receptor or phosphorylation status, rendering it a potentially useful tool to aid structure determination of any native GPCR-arrestin complex. The structures provide unprecedented insight into how different phosphorylation barcodes and arrestin isoforms can globally affect the configuration of receptor-arrestin complexes. These differences may promote unique downstream intracellular interactions and cellular responses. Our structures also suggest that the 100% bias of ACKR3 for arrestins is driven by the ability of arrestins, but not G proteins, to bind GRK-phosphorylated ACKR3 even when excluded from the receptor cytoplasmic binding pocket.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossiakoff, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesmer, J. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACKR3-arrestin2/3 complexes reveal molecular consequences of GRK-dependent barcoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Brain Electroencephalogram Microdisplay for Precision Neurosurgery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain surgeries are among the most delicate clinical procedures and must be performed with the most technologically robust and advanced tools. When such surgical procedures are performed in functionally critical regions of the brain, functional mapping is applied as a standard practice that involves direct coordinated interactions between the neurosurgeon and the clinical neurology electrophysiology team. However, information flow during these interactions is commonly verbal as well as time consuming which in turn increases the duration and cost of the surgery, possibly compromising the patient outcomes. Additionally, the grids that measure brain activity and identify the boundaries of pathological versus functional brain regions suffer from low resolution (3-10 mm contact to contact spacing) with limited conformity to the brain surface. Here, we introduce a brain intracranial electroencephalogram microdisplay (Brain-iEEG-microdisplay) which conforms to the brain to measure the brain activity and display changes in near real-time (40 Hz refresh rate) on the surface of the brain in the surgical field. We used scalable engineered gallium nitride (GaN) substrates with 6" diameter to fabricate, encapsulate, and release free-standing arrays of up to 2048 GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) in polyimide substrates. We then laminated the LED arrays on the back of micro-electrocorticography (ECoG) platinum nanorod grids (PtNRGrids) and developed hardware and software to perform near real-time intracranial EEG analysis and activation of light patterns that correspond to specific cortical activities. Using the Brain-iEEG-microdisplay, we precisely ideFSntified and displayed important cortical landmarks and pharmacologically induced pathological activities. In the rat model, we identified and displayed individual cortical columns corresponding to individual whiskers and the near real-time evolution of epileptic discharges. In the pig animal model, we demonstrated near real-time mapping and display of cortical functional boundaries using somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and display of responses to direct electrical stimulation (DES) from the surface or within the brain tissue. Using a dual-color Brain-iEEG-microdisplay, we demonstrated co-registration of the functional cortical boundaries with one color and displayed the evolution of electrical potentials associated with epileptiform activity with another color. The Brain-iEEG-microdisplay holds the promise of increasing the efficiency of diagnosis and possibly surgical treatment, thereby reducing the cost and improving patient outcomes which would mark a major advancement in neurosurgery. These advances can also be translated to broader applications in neuro-oncology and neurophysiology.

One Sentence SummaryA brain intracranial electroencephalogram microdisplay (Brain-iEEG-microdisplay) measures and displays real-time brain activity in the surgical field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tchoe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>U, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleary, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizarro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonsfeldt, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourhis, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galton, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coughlin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulk, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayeh, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Brain Electroencephalogram Microdisplay for Precision Neurosurgery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicrobeMASST, a taxonomically-informed mass spectrometry (MS) search tool, tackles limited microbial metabolite annotation in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Leveraging a curated database of >60,000 microbial monocultures, users can search known and unknown MS/MS spectra and link them to their respective microbial producers via MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Identification of microbial-derived metabolites and relative producers, without a priori knowledge, will vastly enhance the understanding of microorganisms role in ecology and human health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauermeister, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P. Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichewicz, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buzun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez Ayala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuijpers, M. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tugizimana, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nephali, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubery, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madala, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa-Lotufo, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezende-Teixeira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traxler, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessotti, R. d. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado-Villalobos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo-Castillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaverri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escud</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Taxonomically-informed Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Microbial Metabolomics Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cost-effectiveness of Precision Guided SIT for Control of Anopheles gambiae in the Upper River Region, The Gambia. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) is an extremely promising vector control intervention that can reduce and potentially eliminate the unacceptable malaria burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The deployment of pgSIT shows the greatest promise and does not have a near peer competitor in the fight to eradicate malaria. Here we explore the cost effectiveness of using this approach in Africa using mathematical modeling and economical analysis. Overall, we find that pgSIT represents a cost-effective and promising approach to A. gambiae control in The Gambia, with the potential to deliver significant economic and social benefits.

SummaryPrecision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) is an extremely promising vector control intervention that can reduce and potentially eliminate the unacceptable malaria burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. pgSIT is a safe, innovative, and highly targeted approach to mosquito control that combines the principles of the sterile insect technique (SIT) with advanced state-of-the-art technologies of genetic engineering (Akbari et al. 2023; M. Li et al. 2021; Kandul, Liu, and Akbari 2021; Kandul et al. 2019, 2022). The technique involves inundative releases of genetically sterile male mosquitoes into the environment to mate with their wild counterparts, sterilizing them in the process. After multiple releases, this method can suppress, and even eradicate pest populations without the use of chemical pesticides or other less specific agents. The use of pgSIT has the potential to be a lasting, safe, cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly method to suppress a target species, acting as a chemical-free, species-specific insecticide.

Before this work is considered for field application, however, we need to have a robust, data-driven modeling framework that will accurately predict the outcome of pgSIT release scenarios for malaria control, and we need an assessment of the costs and health benefits of implementing this technology in a region in Africa. This cost assessment evaluates the economic feasibility of both capacity building and establishing the infrastructure for a pgSIT facility in The Gambia to control the deadly malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae. We focused on the Upper River region (URR) for three key reasons: (1) this area is known to have the highest per capita malaria rates in The Gambia (2) this region has more comprehensive historical and current data on malaria incidence and prevalence, malaria-associated healthcare and prevention costs, and human demographic data and (3) its location could feasibly demonstrate that a single pgSIT production facility can support phased suppression on a regional scale and then upon local extinction be repurposed to support vector suppression on a country or continent-wide scale.

The pgSIT treatment of the URR ([~]2069 km2) is predicted to prevent approximately 230 deaths and about 48,000 sick days per year. This estimate is based on a model for localized extinction of A. gambiae, reaching full epidemiological impact by the third year. There are multiple ways to calculate the value of this intervention monetarily, from the value of statistical life (VSL) to quality adjusted life years (QALY), which ranges from 367 million to 880 million USD saved in the first ten years of the facility being active. Other metrics such as willingness-to-pay (WTP), estimates the willingness of locals to contribute to malaria prevention financially, and estimates based on gross domestic product (GDP) growth predict this model to save either 53 million or 551 million USD, respectively, in the first ten years of intervention. This model assumes localized extinction of A. gambiae by the second year of intervention with repeated releases to maintain extinction despite seasonal mosquito migration from beyond the treatment area. Localized extinction, however, is expected to have a year-to-year suppression effect making it easier to suppress mosquito populations with reduced sterile male releases in subsequent years. It is, therefore, likely an underestimate of the costs and benefits of pgSIT sterile male releases. In later years, the release of sterile males from this facility could be redirected to new areas to expand the suppression region. Additionally, this facility would have a significant off-season where the facility is not producing sterile male A. gambiae. This off-season could, therefore, produce sterile males to suppress A. gambiae populations in other regions with seasonal malaria during the off-season in The Gambiae. It could even be used to mass produce pgSIT sterile males for other mosquito species, such as the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, which have eggs that can be stored for many months and consequently can be stockpiled to aid in the suppression of dengue outbreaks, which are also common in the area. Initially, however, the off-season can be used to build local capacity for genetically engineered (GE) mosquitos, which would consist of training staff, optimizing procedures, and troubleshooting any issues that arose during the higher production phases.

The costs for this approach will vary as there are some unknowns and variability in the expected efficiencies of the facility, equipment, and procedures. In particular, mosquito survival rates and fecundity may vary more widely at scale and selection of the rearing equipment and protocols, and the mosquito sorting technology will dictate production levels and procedures. This variability is factored into the cost, and, therefore, a range of technologies and costs are considered. The expected start-up costs range from 6 to 11.5 million USD, which includes all necessary development, field trials, equipment, facility construction, staffing, and other establishment costs. The major upfront costs vary by facility size and capital equipment, much of which is dependent on mosquito rearing efficiencies. The annual estimated operational costs range from approximately 315,000 USD, depending on equipment selection and the size of the facility. Annually, this intervention costs less than 1 USD per person to suppress mosquitoes in the URR and prevent malaria transmission, which is about 6% of a malaria prevention WTP based on current interventions or 0.3-11% when using the VSL or QALY metrics, with most variation from the VSL calculation method. This intervention costs 15 to 124 USD (2022) to save one life-year and prevents malaria infections at 13 to 113 USD per case prevented, making this method competitive with many current interventions. WTP demonstrates that this facility could be made locally sustainable long term by local funding.

Overall, the estimates of the capital and operational costs associated with the production of pgSIT sterile males, and the construction and management of the production facility indicate the cost savings associated with the annual decrease in morbidity and mortality (value of life) resulting from the use of pgSIT are significantly higher than the implementation costs. These estimates suggest that pgSIT represents a cost-effective and promising approach to A. gambiae control in The Gambia, with the potential to deliver significant economic and social benefits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grendron, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raban, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez C., H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smidler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilberman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilboudo, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Alessandro, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cost-effectiveness of Precision Guided SIT for Control of Anopheles gambiae in the Upper River Region, The Gambia.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A positive association between gut microbiota diversity and vertebrate host performance in a field experiment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vertebrate gut microbiota is a critical determinant of organismal function, yet it remains unclear if and how gut microbial communities affect host fitness under natural conditions. Here, we investigate associations between growth rate (a fitness proxy) and gut microbiota diversity and composition in a field experiment with threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We detected on average 63% more bacterial taxa in the guts of high-fitness fish compared to low-fitness fish (i.e., higher -diversity), suggesting that higher diversity promotes host growth. The microbial communities of high-fitness fish had higher similarity (i.e., lower {beta}-diversity) than low-fitness fish, supporting the Anna Karenina principle-- that there are fewer ways to have a functional microbiota than a dysfunctional microbiota. Our findings provide a basis for functional tests of the fitness consequences of host-microbiota interactions.

Significance statementThe vertebrate gut microbiota is important for many aspects of their hosts biology--such as nutrient metabolism and defense against pathogens--that could ultimately affect host fitness. However, studies investigating the effects of gut microbiota composition on vertebrate host fitness under natural conditions remain exceedingly rare. We tested for associations between gut microbiota diversity and growth rate (a fitness proxy) in threespine stickleback fish reared in large outdoor ponds. We found evidence that a more diverse gut microbiota was predictive of higher growth rate and therefore increased host fitness. Notably, high-fitness fish had higher gut microbiota similarity to one another than did low-fitness fish, providing experimental evidence for the Anna Karenina principle--that there are fewer ways to have a functional microbiota than a dysfunctional microbiota--as it relates to host fitness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Härer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schluter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennison, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A positive association between gut microbiota diversity and vertebrate host performance in a field experiment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Eliminating Malaria Vectors with Precision Guided Sterile Males 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Controlling the principal African malaria vector, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, is considered essential to curtail malaria transmission. However existing vector control technologies rely on insecticides, which are becoming increasingly ineffective. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a powerful suppression approach that has successfully eradicated a number of insect pests, yet the A. gambiae toolkit lacks the requisite technologies for its implementation. SIT relies on iterative mass-releases of non-biting, non-driving, sterile males which seek out and mate with monandrous wild females. Once mated, females are permanently sterilized due to mating-induced refractoriness, which results in population suppression of the subsequent generation. However, sterilization by traditional methods renders males unfit, making the creation of precise genetic sterilization methods imperative. Here we develop precision guided Sterile Insect Technique (pgSIT) in the mosquito A. gambiae for inducible, programmed male-sterilization and female-elimination for wide scale use in SIT campaigns. Using a binary CRISPR strategy, we cross separate engineered Cas9 and gRNA strains to disrupt male-fertility and female-essential genes, yielding >99.5% male-sterility and >99.9% female-lethality in hybrid progeny. We demonstrate that these genetically sterilized males have good longevity, are able to induce population suppression in cage trials, and are predicted to eliminate wild A. gambiae populations using mathematical models, making them ideal candidates for release. This work provides a valuable addition to the malaria genetic biocontrol toolkit, for the first time enabling scalable SIT-like confinable suppression in the species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smidler, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mondal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez C., H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Eliminating Malaria Vectors with Precision Guided Sterile Males]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550055v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage Xanthine Oxidoreductase Links LPS Induced Lung Inflammatory Injury to NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Mitochondrial Respiration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550055v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acute lung injury (ALI) and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain poorly treated inflammatory lung disorders. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an ROS generator that plays a central role in the inflammation that contributes to ALI. To elucidate the role of macrophage-specific XOR in endotoxin induced ALI, we developed a conditional myeloid specific XOR knockout in mice. Myeloid specific ablation of XOR in LPS insufflated mice markedly attenuated lung injury demonstrating the essential role of XOR in this response. Macrophages from myeloid specific XOR knockout exhibited loss of inflammatory activation and increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes/proteins. Transcriptional profiling of whole lung tissue of LPS insufflated XORfl/fl//LysM-Cre mice demonstrated an important role for XOR in expression and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and acquisition of a glycolytic phenotype by inflammatory macrophages. These results identify XOR as an unexpected link between macrophage redox status, mitochondrial respiration and inflammatory activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fini, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monks, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerasimovskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paucek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frid, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pugliese, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bratton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stenmark, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.550055</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage Xanthine Oxidoreductase Links LPS Induced Lung Inflammatory Injury to NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Mitochondrial Respiration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomic rearrangement controls the intrinsic microbial response to temperature changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.22.550177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperature is one of the key determinants of microbial behavior and survival, whose impact is typically studied under heat- or cold-shock conditions that elicit specific regulation to combat lethal stress. At intermediate temperatures, cellular growth rate varies according to the Arrhenius law of thermodynamics without stress responses, a behavior whose origins have not yet been elucidated. Using single-cell microscopy during temperature perturbations, we show that bacteria exhibit a highly conserved, gradual response to temperature upshifts with a time scale of [~]1.5 doublings at the higher temperature, regardless of initial/final temperature or nutrient source. We find that this behavior is coupled to a temperature memory, which we rule out as being neither transcriptional, translational, nor membrane dependent. Instead, we demonstrate that an autocatalytic enzyme network incorporating temperature-sensitive Michaelis-Menten kinetics recapitulates all temperature-shift dynamics through metabolome rearrangement, which encodes a temperature memory and successfully predicts alterations in the upshift response observed under simple-sugar, low-nutrient conditions, and in fungi. This model also provides a mechanistic framework for both Arrhenius-dependent growth and the classical Monod Equation through temperature-dependent metabolite flux.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knapp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vashistha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touma, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elias, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.22.550177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomic rearrangement controls the intrinsic microbial response to temperature changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.550211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shallow networks run deep: Peripheral preprocessing facilitates odor classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.550211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian brain implements sophisticated sensory processing algorithms along multilayered ( deep) neural-networks. Strategies that insects use to meet similar computational demands, while relying on smaller nervous systems with shallow architectures, remain elusive. Using Drosophila as a model, we uncover the algorithmic role of odor preprocessing by a shallow network of compartmentalized olfactory receptor neurons. Each compartment operates as a ratiometric unit for specific odor-mixtures. This computation arises from a simple mechanism: electrical coupling between two differently-sized neurons. We demonstrate that downstream synaptic connectivity is shaped to optimally leverage amplification of a hedonic value signal in the periphery. Furthermore, peripheral preprocessing is shown to markedly improve novel odor classification in a higher brain center. Together, our work highlights a far-reaching functional role of the sensory periphery for downstream processing. By elucidating the implementation of powerful computations by a shallow network, we provide insights into general principles of efficient sensory processing algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aljadeff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.23.550211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shallow networks run deep: Peripheral preprocessing facilitates odor classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian Regularized and Anotation-Informed Integrative Analysis of Cognition (BRAINIAC) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Here we present a development of the novel Bayesian Regularized and Anotation-Informed Integrative Analysis of Cognition (BRAINIAC) model. BRAINIAC allows for both estimation of total variance explained by all features for a given cognitive phenotype, as well as a principled assessment of the impact of annotations on relative enrichment of features compared to others in terms of variance explained, without relying on a potentially unrealistic assumption of sparsity of brain-cognition associations. We apply the BRAINIAC model to resting state fMRI data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zablocki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian Regularized and Anotation-Informed Integrative Analysis of Cognition (BRAINIAC)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct reprogramming of oral epithelial progenitor cells to cancer stem cells at single cell resolution in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition together with multiomics to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into tumor initiating cells (TIC) at single cell resolution. TIC displayed a distinct stem-like state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal (pEMT) invasive gene programs. YAP-mediated TIC programs included the activation of oncogenic transcriptional networks and mTOR signaling, and the recruitment of myeloid cells to the invasive front contributing to tumor infiltration. TIC transcriptional programs are conserved in human head and neck cancer and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate processes underlying cancer initiation at single cell resolution, and identify candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faraji, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clubb, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anguiano Quiroz, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galloway, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medetgul-Ernar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marangoni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Officer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, O. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct reprogramming of oral epithelial progenitor cells to cancer stem cells at single cell resolution in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-Informed Dimensionality Reduction for Longitudinal Microbiome Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding complex microbiome dynamics and their link to health. We introduce TEMPoral TEnsor Decomposition (TEMPTED), a time-informed dimensionality reduction method for high-dimensional longitudinal data that treats time as a continuous variable, effectively characterizing temporal information and handling varying temporal sampling. TEMPTED captures key microbial dynamics, facilitates beta-diversity analysis, and enhances reproducibility by transferring learned representations to new data. In simulations, it achieves 90% accuracy in phenotype classification, significantly outperforming existing methods. In real data, TEMPTED identifies vaginal microbial markers linked to term and preterm births, demonstrating robust performance across datasets and sequencing platforms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buck, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owzar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenhav, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.550749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-Informed Dimensionality Reduction for Longitudinal Microbiome Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effective number of shared dimensions: A simple method for revealing shared structure between datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A number of recent studies have sought to understand the behavior of artificial and biological neural networks by comparing representations across layers, networks and brain areas. Simultaneously, there has been growing interest in using dimensionality of a dataset as a proxy for computational complexity. At the intersection of these topics, studies exploring the dimensionality of shared computational and representational subspaces have relied on model-based methods, but a standard, model-free measure is lacking. Here we present a candidate measure for shared dimensionality that we call the effective number of shared dimensions (ENSD). The ENSD can be applied to data matrices sharing at least one dimension, reduces to the well-known participation ratio when both data sets are equivalent and has a number of other robust and intuitive mathematical properties. Notably, the ENSD can be written as a similarity metric that is a re-scaled version of centered kernel alignment (CKA) but additionally describes the dimensionality of the aligned subspaces. Unlike methods like canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the ENSD is robust to cases where data is sparse or low rank. We demonstrate its utility and computational efficiency by a direct comparison of CKA and ENSD on across-layer similarities in convolutional neural networks as well as by recovering results from recent studies in neuroscience on communication subspaces between brain regions. Finally, we demonstrate how the ENSD and its constituent statistics allow us to perform a variety of multi-modal analyses of multivariate datasets. Specifically, we use connectomic data to probe the alignment of parallel pathways in the fly olfactory system, revealing novel results in the interaction between innate and learned olfactory representations. Altogether, we show that the ENSD is an interpretable and computationally efficient model-free measure of shared dimensionality and that it can be used to probe shared structure in a wide variety of data types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giaffar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rullan Buxo, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effective number of shared dimensions: A simple method for revealing shared structure between datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonism of kappa opioid receptors worsens the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a preclinical model of moderate dopamine depletion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.31.551112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Levels of the opioid peptide dynorphin, an endogenous ligand selective for kappa-opioid receptors (KORs), its mRNA and pro-peptide precursors are differentially dysregulated in Parkinsons disease (PD) and following the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). It remains unclear whether these alterations contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD motor impairment and the subsequent development of LID, or whether they are part of compensatory mechanisms. We sought to investigate nor-BNI, a KOR antagonist, 1) in the dopamine (DA)-depleted PD state, 2) during the development phase of LID, and 3) via measuring of tonic levels of striatal DA. While nor-BNI (3 mg/kg; s.c.) did not lead to functional restoration in the DA-depleted state, it affected the dose-dependent development of abnormal voluntary movements (AIMs) in response to escalating doses of L-DOPA in a rat PD model with a moderate striatal 6-hydroxdopamine (6-OHDA) lesion. We tested five escalating doses of L-DOPA (6, 12, 24, 48, 72 mg/kg; i.p.), and nor-BNI significantly increased the development of AIMs at the 12 and 24 mg/kg L-DOPA doses. However, after reaching the 72 mg/kg L-DOPA, AIMs were not significantly different between control and nor-BNI groups. In summary, while blocking KORs significantly increased the rate of development of LID induced by chronic, escalating doses of L-DOPA in a moderate-lesioned rat PD model, it did not contribute further once the overall severity of LID was established. While we observed an increase of tonic DA levels in the moderately lesioned dorsolateral striatum, there was no tonic DA change following administration of nor-BNI.

HighlightsO_LIMild L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia develops in moderately lesioned parkinsonian rats
C_LIO_LIIn the moderately-lesioned dorsolateral striatum tonic dopamine is increased
C_LIO_LIAntagonizing dynorphin does not affect parkinsonian motor symptoms in rodents
C_LIO_LIAntagonizing dynorphin increases rate of development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
C_LIO_LITonic dopamine in dorsolateral striatum is unchanged after antagonizing dynorphin
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flores, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaton, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samtani, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexauer, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weintraub, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegenthaler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heien, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porreca, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.31.551112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonism of kappa opioid receptors worsens the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a preclinical model of moderate dopamine depletion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.548337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of borneol repellency in culicine mosquitoes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.01.548337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of essential oils derived from the camphor tree to repel mosquitoes is an ancient practice that originated in Southeast Asia and gradually spread to China and across Europe via the Maritime Silk Road. The olfactory mechanisms by which these oils elicit avoidance behavior are unclear. Here we show that plant bicyclic monoterpenoids and borneol specifically activate a neural pathway that originates in the orphan olfactory receptor neuron of the capitate peg sensillum in the maxillary palp, and projects to the mediodorsal glomerulus 3 in the antennal lobe. This neuron co-locates with two olfactory receptor neurons tuned to carbon dioxide and octenol that mediate human-host detection. We also confirm that borneol elicits repellency against human-seeking female mosquitoes. Understanding the functional role of the mosquito maxillary palp is essential to investigating olfactory signal integration and host-selection behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vainer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huff, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghaninia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho-Abreu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sar-Shalom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perets, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajamanickam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warburg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papathanos, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riffell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohbot, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.548337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of borneol repellency in culicine mosquitoes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alzheimer's disease linked Aβ42 exerts product feedback inhibition on γsecretase impairing downstream cell signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid {beta} (A{beta}) peptides accumulating in the brain are proposed to trigger Alzheimers disease (AD). However, molecular cascades underlying their toxicity are poorly defined.

Here, we explored a novel hypothesis for A{beta}42 toxicity that arises from its proven affinity for {gamma}-secretases. We hypothesized that the reported increases in A{beta}42, particularly in the endolysosomal compartment, promote the establishment of a product feedback inhibitory mechanism on {gamma}-secretases, and thereby impair downstream signaling events.

We show that human A{beta}42 peptides, but neither murine A{beta}42 nor human A{beta}17-42 (p3), inhibit {gamma}-secretases and trigger accumulation of unprocessed substrates in neurons, including C-terminal fragments (CTFs) of APP, p75 and pan-cadherin. Moreover, A{beta}42 treatment dysregulated cellular homeostasis, as shown by the induction of p75-dependent neuronal death in two distinct cellular systems.

Our findings raise the possibility that pathological elevations in A{beta}42 contribute to cellular toxicity via the {gamma}-secretase inhibition, and provide a novel conceptual framework to address A{beta} toxicity in the context of {gamma}-secretase-dependent homeostatic signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zoltowska, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utpal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lismont, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enzlein, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maesako, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houser, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes Moreira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franco, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karachentsev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezovska, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez-Gutierrez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alzheimer's disease linked Aβ42 exerts product feedback inhibition on γsecretase impairing downstream cell signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-linkage molecular clustering of viral pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionPublic health faces the ongoing mission of safeguarding the populations health against various infectious diseases caused by a great number of pathogens. Epidemiology is an essential discipline in this field. With the rise of more advanced technologies, new tools are emerging to enhance the capability to intervene and control an epidemic. Among these approaches, molecular clustering comes forth as a promising option. However, appropriate genetic distance thresholds for defining clusters are poorly explored in contexts outside of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1).

MethodsIn this work, using the well-used pairwise Tamura-Nei 93 (TN93) distance threshold of 0.015 for HIV-1 as a point of reference for molecular cluster properties of interest, we perform molecular clustering on whole genome sequence datasets from HIV-1, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Zaire ebolavirus, and Mpox virus, to explore potential pairwise distances thresholds for these other viruses.

ResultsWe found the following pairwise TN93 distance thresholds as potential candidates for use in molecular clustering: 0.00016 (3 mutations) for Ebola, 0.00014 (4 mutations) for SARS-CoV-2, and 0.0000051 (1 mutation) for Mpox.

ConclusionThis study provides valuable information for epidemic control strategies, and public health efforts in managing infectious diseases caused by these viruses. The identified pairwise distance thresholds for molecular clustering can serve as a foundation for future research and intervention to combat epidemics effectively.

Availability and implementationAll relevant data and results can be found in the following repository: https://github.com/Niema-Lab/ENLACE-2023
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soto Miranda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narvaez Romo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-linkage molecular clustering of viral pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxidative rearrangement of tryptophan to indole nitrile by a single diiron enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nitriles are uncommon in nature and are typically constructed from oximes via the oxidative decarboxylation of amino acid substrates or from the derivatization of carboxylic acids. Here we report a third strategy of nitrile biosynthesis featuring the cyanobacterial nitrile synthase AetD. During the biosynthesis of the  eagle-killing neurotoxin, aetokthonotoxin, AetD converts the alanyl side chain of 5,7-dibromo-L-tryptophan to a nitrile. Employing a combination of structural, biochemical, and biophysical techniques, we characterized AetD as a non-heme diiron enzyme that belongs to the emerging Heme Oxygenase-like Diiron Oxidase and Oxygenase (HDO) superfamily. High-resolution crystal structures of AetD together with the identification of catalytically relevant products provide mechanistic insights into how AetD affords this unique transformation that we propose proceeds via an aziridine intermediate. Our work presents a new paradigm for nitrile biogenesis and portrays a substrate binding and metallocofactor assembly mechanism that may be shared among other HDO enzymes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderone, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, R. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukowski, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandelia, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drennan, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxidative rearrangement of tryptophan to indole nitrile by a single diiron enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interface-guided phenotyping of coding variants in the transcription factor RUNX1 with SEUSS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the consequences of single amino acid substitutions in cancer driver genes remains an unmet need. Perturb-seq provides a tool to investigate the effects of individual mutations on cellular programs. Here we deploy SEUSS, a Perturb-seq like approach, to generate and assay mutations at physical interfaces of the RUNX1 Runt domain. We measured the impact of 115 mutations on RNA profiles in single myelogenous leukemia cells and used the profiles to categorize mutations into three functionally distinct groups: wild-type (WT)-like, loss-of-function (LOF)-like and hypomorphic. Notably, the largest concentration of functional mutations (non-WT-like) clustered at the DNA binding site and contained many of the more frequently observed mutations in human cancers. Hypomorphic variants shared characteristics with loss of function variants but had gene expression profiles indicative of response to neural growth factor and cytokine recruitment of neutrophils. Additionally, DNA accessibility changes upon perturbations were enriched for RUNX1 binding motifs, particularly near differentially expressed genes. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of targeting protein interaction interfaces to better define the landscape of prospective phenotypes reachable by amino acid substitutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panwala, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haferlach, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interface-guided phenotyping of coding variants in the transcription factor RUNX1 with SEUSS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A kinome-wide synthetic lethal CRISPR/Cas9 screen reveals that mTOR inhibition prevents adaptive resistance to CDK4/CDK6 blockade in HNSCC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The comprehensive genomic analysis of the head and neck cancer (HNSCC) oncogenome revealed frequent loss of p16INK4A (CDKN2A) in most HPV negative HNSCC lesions, often concomitant with amplification of the cyclin D1 (CCND1) gene locus. However, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors as single agents have shown modest effect in the clinic, even when combined with cetuximab. The aberrant activation of PI3K/mTOR pathway is highly prevalent in HNSCC, and recent clinical trials targeting mTOR showed promising results in terms of objective responses and progression free survival. However, the clinical efficacy of mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) for advanced HNSCC patients may be limited due to intrinsic or acquired resistance. By a kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we identified cell cycle inhibition as a synthetic lethal target for mTORi. Combination of mTORi and palbociclib, a CDK4/6 specific inhibitor, showed strong synergism in HNSCC-derived cells in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, we found that adaptive increase in cyclin E1 (CCNE1) expression upon palbociclib treatment underlies the rapid acquired resistance to this CDK4/6 inhibitor in HNSCC. Mechanistically, mTORi inhibits the formation of eIF4G-CCNE1 mRNA complexes, with the consequent reduction in mRNA translation and CCNE1 protein expression. Our findings suggest that concomitant mTOR blockade reverts the adaptive resistance to palbociclib, thereby providing a novel multimodal therapeutic option for HNSCC patients by co-targeting mTOR and CDK4/6. Our findings may have broad implications to halt the emergence of palbociclib resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koshizuka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izumi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allevato, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A kinome-wide synthetic lethal CRISPR/Cas9 screen reveals that mTOR inhibition prevents adaptive resistance to CDK4/CDK6 blockade in HNSCC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bacterial sialidase mediates early life colonization by a pioneering gut commensal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.552477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The early microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to long-term impacts in development and overall human health. Keystone species, including Bacteroides spp., play a crucial role in maintaining the structure, diversity, and function of the intestinal ecosystem. However, the process by which a defined and resilient community is curated and maintained during early life remains inadequately understood. Here, we show that a single sialidase, NanH, in Bacteroides fragilis mediates stable occupancy of the intestinal mucosa and regulates the commensal colonization program during the first weeks of life. This program is triggered by sialylated glycans, including those found in human milk oligosaccharides and intestinal mucus. After examining the dynamics between pioneer gut Bacteroides species in the murine gut, we discovered that NanH enables vertical transmission from dams to pups and promotes B. fragilis dominance during early life. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NanH facilitates commensal resilience and recovery after antibiotic treatment in a defined microbial community. Collectively, our study reveals a co-evolutionary mechanism between the host and the microbiota mediated through host-derived glycans to promote stable intestinal colonization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buzun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejane, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oles, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loomis, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossitto, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrosso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.552477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bacterial sialidase mediates early life colonization by a pioneering gut commensal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.551651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expansion of a frontostriatal salience network in individuals with depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.551651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hundreds of neuroimaging studies spanning two decades have revealed differences in brain structure and functional connectivity in depression, but with modest effect sizes, complicating efforts to derive mechanistic pathophysiologic insights or develop biomarkers.1 Furthermore, although depression is a fundamentally episodic condition, few neuroimaging studies have taken a longitudinal approach, which is critical for understanding cause and effect and delineating mechanisms that drive mood state transitions over time. The emerging field of precision functional mapping using densely-sampled longitudinal neuroimaging data has revealed unexpected, functionally meaningful individual differences in brain network topology in healthy individuals,2-5 but these approaches have never been applied to individuals with depression. Here, using precision functional mapping techniques and 11 datasets comprising n=187 repeatedly sampled individuals and >21,000 minutes of fMRI data, we show that the frontostriatal salience network is expanded two-fold in most individuals with depression. This effect was replicable in multiple samples, including large-scale, group-average data (N=1,231 subjects), and caused primarily by network border shifts affecting specific functional systems, with three distinct modes of encroachment occurring in different individuals. Salience network expansion was unexpectedly stable over time, unaffected by changes in mood state, and detectable in children before the subsequent onset of depressive symptoms in adolescence. Longitudinal analyses of individuals scanned up to 62 times over 1.5 years identified connectivity changes in specific frontostriatal circuits that tracked fluctuations in specific symptom domains and predicted future anhedonia symptoms before they emerged. Together, these findings identify a stable trait-like brain network topology that may confer risk for depression and mood-state dependent connectivity changes in frontostriatal circuits that predict the emergence and remission of depressive symptoms over time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lynch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbau, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manfredi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aloysi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudes, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Victoria, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solomonov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldwaser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zebley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grosenick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vila-Rodriguez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daskalakis, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumberger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunning, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.09.551651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expansion of a frontostriatal salience network in individuals with depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-Term Exposure of Cells to Cdk4 Inhibitor Palbociclib Leads to Chromosomal Aberrations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancers are often driven by mutations, alterations and activation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb), cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), especially cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes. There are currently three FDA approved Cdk4/6 inhibitors (Cdk4i) for treating breast cancer. The standard treatment protocol is 21 days of continuous Cdk4i treatment, followed by a 7 day cessation period and then repeating the 28 day protocol. We asked the question of what happens to cells that reenter the cell cycle during the 7 day Cdk4i cessation period. Using RPE1 cells containing visual reporter endogenous histone 2B and p27 genes tagged with eGFP and mCherry, we treated the cells with a Cdk4i, Palbociclib for 1 to 42 days that spanned the clinical exposure, followed by drug release (washout) and video microscopic analysis. Surprisingly, we found that as little as 4 days of Cdk4i treatment and release resulted in a significant increase in micronuclei and multinucleated cells that had reentered the cell cycle. The peak chromosomal aberration occurred between 14 and 35 days, a timing that spans the clinical dosing regimen.These observations raise questions concerning the potential that cycling patients on and off of Cdk4 inhibitors may generate gross chromosomal changes to tumor cells that reenter the cell cycle during the 7 day clinical cessation (washout) period and thereby increase the potential to initiate secondary oncogenic events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaulich, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowdy, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-Term Exposure of Cells to Cdk4 Inhibitor Palbociclib Leads to Chromosomal Aberrations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
I feel your pain: Higher empathy is associated with higher posterior default mode network activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementThe authors discovered an error in the primary analysis and have withdrawn the results from this version of the investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosbey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uvarova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeidan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.11.553004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[I feel your pain: Higher empathy is associated with higher posterior default mode network activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclin B3 is a dominant fast-acting cyclin that drives rapid early embryonic mitoses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many species, early embryonic mitoses proceed at a very rapid pace, but how this pace is achieved is not understood. Here we show that in the early C. elegans embryo, cyclin B3 is the dominant driver of rapid embryonic mitoses. Metazoans typically have three cyclin B isoforms that associate with and activate Cdk1 kinase to orchestrate mitotic events: the related cyclins B1 and B2 and the more divergent cyclin B3. We show that whereas embryos expressing cyclins B1 and B2 support slow mitosis (NEBD to Anaphase [~] 600s), the presence of cyclin B3 dominantly drives the [~]3-fold faster mitosis observed in wildtype embryos. CYB-1/2-driven mitosis is longer than CYB-3-driven mitosis primarily because the progression of mitotic events itself is slower, rather than delayed anaphase onset due to activation of the spindle checkpoint or inhibitory phosphorylation of the anaphase activator CDC-20. Addition of cyclin B1 to cyclin B3-only mitosis introduces an [~]60s delay between the completion of chromosome alignment and anaphase onset, which likely ensures segregation fidelity; this delay is mediated by inhibitory phosphorylation on CDC-20. Thus, the dominance of cyclin B3 in driving mitotic events, coupled to introduction of a short cyclin B1-dependent delay in anaphase onset, sets the rapid pace and ensures fidelity of mitoses in the early C. elegans embryo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Variyar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budrewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlientz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varshney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellaart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghareh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.11.553011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclin B3 is a dominant fast-acting cyclin that drives rapid early embryonic mitoses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competition-driven eco-evolutionary feedback reshapes bacteriophage lambda's fitness landscape and enables speciation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.11.553017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge in evolutionary biology is explaining how populations navigate rugged fitness landscapes without getting trapped on local optima. One idea illustrated by adaptive dynamics theory is that as populations adapt, their newly enhanced capacities to exploit resources alter fitness payoffs and restructure the landscape in ways that promote speciation by opening new adaptive pathways. While there have been indirect tests of this theory, none have measured how fitness landscapes deform during adaptation, or test whether these shifts promote diversification. Here, we achieve this by studying bacteriophage , a virus that readily speciates into co-existing receptor specialists under controlled laboratory conditions. We used a high-throughput gene editing-phenotyping technology to measure s fitness landscape in the presence of different evolved- competitors and found that the fitness effects of individual mutations, and their epistatic interactions, depend on the competitor. Using these empirical data, we simulated s evolution on an un-changing landscape and one that recapitulates how the landscape deforms during evolution. heterogeneity only evolved in the shifting landscape regime. This study provides a test of adaptive dynamics, and, more broadly, shows how fitness landscapes dynamically change during adaptation, potentiating phenomena like speciation by opening new adaptive pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doud, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Fuente, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.11.553017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competition-driven eco-evolutionary feedback reshapes bacteriophage lambda's fitness landscape and enables speciation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene editing in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus by Cas9-mediated ReMOT Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.14.553172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhodnius prolixus is currently the model vector of choice for studying Chagas disease transmission, a debilitating disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. Despite the broad use of double-stranded RNA interference for the knockdown of gene function in R. prolixus, transgenesis and gene editing protocols are still lacking. Here we tested Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT Control) and direct parental injection of CRISPR (DIPA-CRISPR) for the maternal delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 elements to developing R. prolixus oocytes, and strategies for the identification of insertions/deletions (indels) in target loci of resulting gene-edited G0 nymphs. We demonstrate successful ReMOT Control-mediated gene editing of the eye color markers Rp-scarlet and Rp-white, and the cuticle color marker Rp-yellow, with highest effectiveness obtained using the ovary-targeting BtKV ligand. These results provide proof-of-concepts for generating somatic mutations in R. prolixus and potentially for generating germline edited lines in triatomines. Our studies also suggest that optimal strategies for recovery of mutations include performing multiple gRNA injections and the use of visible phenotypes such as those displayed in the Rp-scarlet, Rp-white and Rp-yellow loci for future Co-CRISPR experiments. These results will lay the foundation for gene editing protocols for triatomines and could lead to the development of novel control strategies for vectors of Chagas disease.

Author SummaryRhodnius prolixus is an insect vector of the protozoan Trypanossoma cruzi, causative agent of debilitating Chagas disease. To fight the spread of the disease, it has been suggested that biological control of the insect should be attempted. Gene editing by the novel CRISPR methodology holds great promise in this sense, as it enables to target almost any gene in the genome for mutagenesis, thus allowing the control of insect physiology and reproduction. Here we have tested protocols for the delivery of CRISPR reagents as an attempt to enable genome editing of the vector. Our results show that maternal delivery of CRISPR by the ReMOT Control method is efficient for mutating eye and cuticle color genes in the resulting nymphs, generating edited animals with red eyes, white eyes or a yellow cuticle. This is the first report of gene editing in a vector of Chagas disease and should lay the basis to produce modified animals either unable to carry the T. cruzi parasite or to reproduce.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lima, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mota, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bressan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalcante, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macias, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasgon, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.14.553172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene editing in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus by Cas9-mediated ReMOT Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 3' exonuclease TOE1 selectively processes snRNAs through recognition of Sm complex assembly and 5' cap trimethylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Competing exonucleases that promote 3 end maturation or degradation direct quality control of small non-coding RNAs, but how these enzymes distinguish normal from aberrant RNAs is poorly understood. The Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia 7 (PCH7)-associated 3 exonuclease TOE1 promotes maturation of canonical small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Here, we demonstrate that TOE1 achieves specificity towards canonical snRNAs by recognizing Sm complex assembly and cap trimethylation, two features that distinguish snRNAs undergoing correct biogenesis from other small non-coding RNAs. Indeed, disruption of Sm complex assembly via snRNA mutations or protein depletions obstructs snRNA processing by TOE1, and in vitro snRNA processing by TOE1 is stimulated by a trimethylated cap. An unstable snRNA variant that normally fails to undergo maturation becomes fully processed by TOE1 when its degenerate Sm binding motif is converted into a canonical one. Our findings uncover the molecular basis for how TOE1 distinguishes snRNAs from other small non-coding RNAs and explain how TOE1 promotes maturation specifically of canonical snRNAs undergoing proper processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lardelli, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykke-Anderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 3' exonuclease TOE1 selectively processes snRNAs through recognition of Sm complex assembly and 5' cap trimethylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust and resource-optimal dynamic pattern formation of Min proteins in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Min system in Escherichia coli plays a crucial role in cellular reproduction by preventing minicell formation through pole-to-pole oscillations. Despite extensive research, predicting the onset of Min protein concentrations for oscillation and understanding the systems robustness under physiological perturbations remains challenging. Our study aims to address these gaps. We show that the Min systems dynamic pattern formation is robust across a wide range of Min protein levels and varying growth physiology. Using genetically engineered E. coli strains, we independently modulated the expression of minCD and minE in E. coli under both fast and slow growth conditions. This led to the construction of a MinD-MinE phase diagram, which revealed not just a large oscillation regime but also complex dynamic patterns such as traveling and standing waves. Interestingly, we found that the natural expression level of Min proteins is nearly optimal. Our work combines experimental findings with biophysical theory based on reaction-diffusion models, reproducing the experimental phase diagram and other key properties quantitatively. This includes the observation of an invariant wavelength of dynamic Min patterns across our phase diagram. Crucially, the success of our model depends on the switching of MinE between its latent and active states, indicating its essential role as a robustness module for Min oscillation in vivo. Our results underline the potential of integrating quantitative cell physiology and biophysical modeling in understanding the fundamental mechanisms controlling cell division machinery, offering insights applicable to other biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ren, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weyer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wurthner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust and resource-optimal dynamic pattern formation of Min proteins in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Human Tissues with Highly Multiplexed RNA in situ Hybridization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.16.553610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In situ transcriptomic techniques promise a holistic view of tissue organization and cell-cell interactions. Recently there has been a surge of multiplexed RNA in situ techniques but their application to human tissues and clinical biopsies has been limited due to their large size, general lower tissue quality and high background autofluorescence. Here we report DART-FISH, a versatile padlock probe-based technology capable of profiling hundreds to thousands of genes in centimeter-sized human tissue sections at cellular resolution. We introduced an omni-cell type cytoplasmic stain, dubbed RiboSoma that substantially improves the segmentation of cell bodies. We developed a computational decoding-by-deconvolution workflow to extract gene spots even in the presence of optical crowding. Our enzyme-free isothermal decoding procedure allowed us to image 121 genes in a large section from the human neocortex in less than 10 hours, where we successfully recapitulated the cytoarchitecture of 20 neuronal and non-neuronal subclasses. Additionally, we demonstrated the detection of transcripts as short as 461 nucleotides, including neuropeptides and discovered new cortical layer markers. We further performed in situ mapping of 300 genes on a diseased human kidney, profiled >20 healthy and pathological cell states, and identified diseased niches enriched in transcriptionally altered epithelial cells and myofibroblasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Que, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.16.553610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Human Tissues with Highly Multiplexed RNA in situ Hybridization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.18.553902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differences in Oligomerization of the SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein, Poliovirus VP4, and HIV Vpu 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.18.553902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viroporins constitute a class of viral membrane proteins with diverse roles in the viral life cycle. They can self-assemble and form pores within the bilayer that transport substrates, such as ions and genetic material, that are critical to the viral infection cycle. However, there is little known about the oligomeric state of most viroporins. Here, we use native mass spectrometry (MS) in detergent micelles to uncover the patterns of oligomerization of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, poliovirus VP4, and HIV Vpu. Our data suggest that the E protein is a specific dimer, VP4 is exclusively monomeric, and Vpu assembles into a polydisperse mixture of oligomers under these conditions. Overall, these results revealed the diversity in the oligomerization of viroporins, which has implications for mechanisms of their biological functions as well as their potential as therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Townsend, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fapohunda, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opella, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aspinwall, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marty, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.18.553902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differences in Oligomerization of the SARS-CoV-2 Envelope Protein, Poliovirus VP4, and HIV Vpu]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caloric restriction promotes beta cell longevity and delays aging and senescence by enhancing cell identity and homeostasis mechanisms. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caloric restriction (CR) extends organismal lifespan and health span by improving glucose homeostasis mechanisms. How CR affects organellar structure and function of pancreatic beta cells over the lifetime of the animal remains unknown. Here, we used single nucleus transcriptomics to show that CR increases the expression of genes for beta cell identity, protein processing, and organelle homeostasis. Gene regulatory network analysis link this transcriptional phenotype to transcription factors involved in beta cell identity (Mafa) and homeostasis (Atf6). Imaging metabolomics further demonstrates that CR beta cells are more energetically competent. In fact, high-resolution light and electron microscopy indicates that CR reduces beta cell mitophagy and increases mitochondria mass, increasing mitochondrial ATP generation. Finally, we show that long-term CR delays the onset of beta cell aging and senescence to promote longevity by reducing beta cell turnover. Therefore, CR could be a feasible approach to preserve compromised beta cells during aging and diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santos, C. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottam, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lev-Ram, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acree, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartailler, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hetzer, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrojo e Drigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caloric restriction promotes beta cell longevity and delays aging and senescence by enhancing cell identity and homeostasis mechanisms.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitric Oxide modulates spontaneous Ca2+ release and ventricular arrhythmias during β adrenergic signalling through S-nitrosylation of Calcium/Calmodulin dependent kinase II 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleNitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a signalling molecule generated during {beta}-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation in the heart. Furthermore, a role for NO in triggering spontaneous Ca2+ release via S-nitrosylation of Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II delta (CaMKII{delta}) is emerging. NO donors are routinely used clinically for their cardioprotective effects in the heart, but it is unknown how NO donors modulate the pro-arrhythmic CaMKII to alter cardiac arrhythmia incidence.

ObjectiveWe test the role of S-nitrosylation of CaMKII{delta} at the Cys-273 inhibitory site and Cys-290 activating site in cardiac Ca2+ handling and arrhythmogenesis before and during {beta}-AR stimulation.

Methods and ResultsWe measured Ca2+-handling in isolated cardiomyocytes from C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice and mice lacking CaMKII{delta} expression (CaMKII{delta}-KO) or with deletion of the S-nitrosylation site on CaMKII{delta} at Cys-273 or Cys-290 (CaMKII{delta}-C273S and -C290A knock-in mice). Cardiomyocytes were exposed to NO donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO; 150 M), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 200 M) and/or {beta}-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO; 100 nM). WT and CaMKII{delta}-KO cardiomyocytes treated with GSNO showed no change in Ca2+ transient or spark properties under baseline conditions (0.5 Hz stimulation frequency). Both WT and CaMKII{delta}-KO cardiomyocytes responded to ISO with a full inotropic and lusitropic Ca2+ transient response as well as increased Ca2+ spark frequency. However, the increase in Ca2+ spark frequency was significantly attenuated in CaMKII{delta}-KO cardiomyocytes. The protection from ISO-induced Ca2+ sparks and waves was mimicked by GSNO pre-treatment in WT cardiomyocytes, but lost in CaMKII{delta}-C273S cardiomyocytes that displayed a robust increase in Ca2+ waves. This observation is consistent with CaMKII{delta}-C273 S-nitrosylation being critical in limiting ISO-induced arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak. When GSNO was applied after ISO this protection was not observed in WT or CaMKII{delta}-C273S but was apparent in CaMKII{delta}-C290A. In Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts, GSNO pre-treatment limited ISO-induced arrhythmias in WT but not CaMKII{delta}-C273S hearts, while GSNO exposure after ISO sustained or exacerbated arrhythmic events.

ConclusionsWe conclude that prior S-nitrosylation of CaMKII{delta} at Cys-273 can limit subsequent {beta}-AR induced arrhythmias, but that S-nitrosylation at Cys-290 might worsen or sustain {beta}-AR-induced arrhythmias. This has important implications for the administration of NO donors in the clinical setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Power, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asamudo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthington, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alim, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parackal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenebe, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heller Brown, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohr, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bers, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erickson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitric Oxide modulates spontaneous Ca2+ release and ventricular arrhythmias during β adrenergic signalling through S-nitrosylation of Calcium/Calmodulin dependent kinase II]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Where's Whaledo: A software toolkit for array localization of animal vocalizations. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wheres Whaledo is a software toolkit that uses a combination of automated processes and user interfaces to greatly accelerate the process of reconstructing animal tracks from arrays of passive acoustic recording devices. Passive acoustic localization is a non-invasive yet powerful way to contribute to species conservation. By tracking animals through their acoustic signals, important information on diving patterns, movement behavior, habitat use, and feeding dynamics can be obtained. This method is useful for helping to estimate population density, observe behavioral responses to noise, and develop potential mitigation strategies. Animal tracking using passive acoustic localization requires an acoustic array to detect signals of interest, associate detections on various receivers, and estimate the most likely source location by using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of sounds on multiple receivers. Wheres Whaledo combines data from two small-aperture volumetric arrays and a variable number of individual receivers. In a case study conducted in the Tanner Basin off Southern California, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Wheres Whaledo in localizing groups of Cuviers beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris). We reconstruct the tracks of six individual animals vocalizing concurrently and identify Ziphius cavirostris tracks despite being obscured by a large pod of vocalizing dolphins.

Author summaryReconstructing the movement of animals from their vocalizations is a powerful method to observe their behavior in situations where visual monitoring is impractical. Arrays of acoustic recording devices can be used to determine the location of vocalizing animals and a series of locations can be linked to form tracks. However, reconstructing tracks requires methods of determining which animal in a group is vocalizing, finding the same vocalization on multiple recording devices, and determining the most likely location of the animal based on the relative times the sound arrived at various recording devices. We have developed a toolkit called Wheres Whaledo to assist researchers in reconstructing the behavior of these animals using arrays of acoustic recording devices. This toolkit greatly accelerates the process of reconstructing their tracks using a combination of automated processes and user interfaces. We use Wheres Whaledo to reconstruct the tracks of deep-diving Cuviers beaked whales. We successfully reconstruct tracks of groups of up to six whales vocalizing concurrently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Snyder, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solsona-Berga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumann-Pickering, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frasier, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggins, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Where's Whaledo: A software toolkit for array localization of animal vocalizations.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stratification of enterochromaffin cells by single-cell expression analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic interactions between gut mucosal cells and the external environment are essential to maintain gut homeostasis. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells transduce both chemical and mechanical signals and produce 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to mediate disparate physiological responses. However, the molecular and cellular basis for functional diversity of ECs remains to be adequately defined. Here, we integrated single-cell transcriptomics with spatial image analysis to identify fourteen EC clusters that are topographically organized along the gut. Subtypes predicted to be sensitive to the chemical environment and mechanical forces were identified that express distinct transcription factors and hormones. A Piezo2+ population in the distal colon was endowed with a distinctive neuronal signature. Using a combination of genetic, chemogenetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated Piezo2+ ECs are required for normal colon motility. Our study constructs a molecular map for ECs and offers a framework for deconvoluting EC cells with pleiotropic functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fothergill, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diwakarla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wykosky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furness, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stratification of enterochromaffin cells by single-cell expression analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycolytic Metabolon Assembly on Mitochondria via Hexokinase O-GlcNAcylation Promotes Metabolic Efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose, the primary cellular energy source, is metabolized through glycolysis initiated by the rate-limiting enzyme Hexokinase (HK). In energy-demanding tissues like the brain, HK1 is the dominant isoform, primarily localized on mitochondria, crucial for efficient glycolysis-oxidative phosphorylation coupling and optimal energy generation. This study unveils a unique mechanism regulating HK1 activity, glycolysis, and the dynamics of mitochondrial coupling, mediated by the metabolic sensor enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). OGT catalyzes reversible O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification, influenced by glucose flux. Elevated OGT activity induces dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of HK1s regulatory domain, subsequently promoting the assembly of the glycolytic metabolon on the outer mitochondrial membrane. This modification enhances HK1s mitochondrial association, orchestrating glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production. Mutations in HK1s O-GlcNAcylation site reduce ATP generation, affecting synaptic functions in neurons. The study uncovers a novel pathway that bridges neuronal metabolism and mitochondrial function via OGT and the formation of the glycolytic metabolon, offering new prospects for tackling metabolic and neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vant, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micou, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luczak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabbo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abushawish, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammarlund, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singharoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycolytic Metabolon Assembly on Mitochondria via Hexokinase O-GlcNAcylation Promotes Metabolic Efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.554977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal development of growth and death zones in expanding bacterial colonies driven by emergent nutrient dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.27.554977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial colony growth on hard agar is commonplace in microbiology; yet, what occurs inside a growing colony is complex even in the simplest cases. Robust colony expansion kinetics featuring a linear radial growth and a saturating vertical growth indicates a common developmental program which is elucidated here for Escherichia coli cells using a combination of modeling and experiments. Radial colony expansion is found to be limited by mechanical factors rather than nutrients as commonly assumed. In contrast, vertical expansion is limited by glucose depletion inside the colony, an effect compounded by reduced growth yield due to anaerobiosis. Carbon starvation in the colony interior results in substantial cell death within 1-2 days, with a distinct death zone that expands with the growing colony. Overall, the development of simple colonies lacking EPS production and differentiation is dictated by an interplay of mechanical constraints and emergent nutrient gradients arising from obligatory metabolic processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kannan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caglar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.27.554977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal development of growth and death zones in expanding bacterial colonies driven by emergent nutrient dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orthogonal targeting of SAC1 to mitochondria implicates ORP2 as a major player in PM PI4P turnover 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-related proteins (ORPs) 5 and 8 have been shown to deplete the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at sites of membrane contact between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM). This is believed to be caused by transport of PI4P from the PM to the ER, where PI4P is degraded by an ER-localized SAC1 phosphatase. This is proposed to power the anti-port of phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids from ER to PM, up their concentration gradient. Alternatively, ORPs have been proposed to sequester PI4P, dependent on the concentration of their alternative lipid ligand. Here, we aimed to distinguish these possibilities in living cells by orthogonal targeting of PI4P transfer and degradation to PM-mitochondria contact sites. Surprisingly, we found that orthogonal targeting of SAC1 to mitochondria enhanced PM PI4P turnover independent of targeting to contact sites with the PM. This turnover could be slowed by knock-down of soluble ORP2, which also has a major impact on PM PI4P levels even without SAC1 over-expression. The data reveal a role for contact site-independent modulation of PM PI4P levels and lipid antiport.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doyle, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rectenwald, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timple, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orthogonal targeting of SAC1 to mitochondria implicates ORP2 as a major player in PM PI4P turnover]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systems vaccinology resource to develop and test computational models of immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational models that predict an individuals response to a vaccine offer the potential for mechanistic insights and personalized vaccination strategies. These models are increasingly derived from systems vaccinology studies that generate immune profiles from human cohorts pre- and post-vaccination. Most of these studies involve relatively small cohorts and profile the response to a single vaccine. The ability to assess the performance of the resulting models would be improved by comparing their performance on independent datasets, as has been done with great success in other areas of biology such as protein structure predictions. To transfer this approach to system vaccinology studies, we established a prototype platform that focuses on the evaluation of Computational Models of Immunity to Pertussis Booster vaccinations (CMI-PB). A community resource, CMI-PB generates experimental data for the explicit purpose of model evaluation, which is performed through a series of annual data releases and associated contests. We here report on our experience with the first such  dry run for a contest where the goal was to predict individual immune responses based on pre-vaccination multi-omic profiles. Over 30 models adopted from the literature were tested, but only one was predictive, and was based on age alone. The performance of new models built using CMI-PB training data was much better, but varied significantly based on the choice of pre-vaccination features used and the model building strategy. This suggests that previously published models developed for other vaccines do not generalize well to Pertussis Booster vaccination. Overall, these results reinforced the need for comparative analysis across models and datasets that CMI-PB aims to achieve. We are seeking wider community engagement for our first public prediction contest, which will open in early 2024.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shinde, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soldevila, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willemsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overton, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzman-Orozco, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nili, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orfield, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gygi, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunes, R. d. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konstorum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinstein, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systems vaccinology resource to develop and test computational models of immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mathematical model for velocity-selective arterial spin labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeTo present a theoretical framework that rigorously defines and analyzes key concepts and quantities for velocity selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL).

Theory and MethodsAn expression for the VSASL arterial delivery function is derived based on (1) labeling and saturation profiles as a function of velocity and (2) physiologically plausible approximations of changes in acceleration and velocity across the vascular system. The dependence of labeling efficiency on the amplitude and effective bolus width of the arterial delivery function is defined. Factors that affect the effective bolus width are examined, and timing requirements to minimize quantitation errors are derived.

ResultsThe model predicts that a flow-dependent negative bias in the effective bolus width can occur when velocity selective inversion (VSI) is used for the labeling module and velocity selective saturation (VSS) is used for the vascular crushing module. The bias can be minimized by choosing a nominal labeling cutoff velocity that is lower than the nominal cutoff velocity of the vascular crushing module.

ConclusionThe elements of the model are specified in a general fashion such that future advances can be readily integrated. The model can facilitate further efforts to understand and characterize the performance of VSASL and provide critical theoretical insights that can be used to design future experiments and develop novel VSASL approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mathematical model for velocity-selective arterial spin labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.553559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale annotated dataset for cochlear hair cell detection and classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.553559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our sense of hearing is mediated by cochlear hair cells, localized within the sensory epithelium called the organ of Corti. There are two types of hair cells in the cochlea, which are organized in one row of inner hair cells and three rows of outer hair cells. Each cochlea contains a few thousands of hair cells, and their survival is essential for our perception of sound because they are terminally differentiated and do not regenerate after insult. It is often desirable in hearing research to quantify the number of hair cells within cochlear samples, in both pathological conditions, and in response to treatment. However, the sheer number of cells along the cochlea makes manual quantification impractical. Machine learning can be used to overcome this challenge by automating the quantification process but requires a vast and diverse dataset for effective training. In this study, we present a large collection of annotated cochlear hair-cell datasets, labeled with commonly used hair-cell markers and imaged using various fluorescence microscopy techniques. The collection includes samples from mouse, human, pig and guinea pig cochlear tissue, from normal conditions and following in-vivo and in-vitro ototoxic drug application. The dataset includes over 90,000 hair cells, all of which have been manually identified and annotated as one of two cell types: inner hair cells and outer hair cells. This dataset is the result of a collaborative effort from multiple laboratories and has been carefully curated to represent a variety of imaging techniques. With suggested usage parameters and a well-described annotation procedure, this collection can facilitate the development of generalizable cochlear hair cell detection models or serve as a starting point for fine-tuning models for other analysis tasks. By providing this dataset, we aim to supply other groups within the hearing research community with the opportunity to develop their own tools with which to analyze cochlear imaging data more fully, accurately, and with greater ease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buswinka, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simikyan, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osgood, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitta, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberman, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarysta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renauld, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thapa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordiga, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurtry, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llamas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitcher, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Porras, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnammanesh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballesteros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez-Ortega, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edge, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnedeva, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarchini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stepanyan, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landegger, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutherford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberman, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kros, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.553559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale annotated dataset for cochlear hair cell detection and classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CNS Microenvironment Promotes Leukemia Cell Survival by Disrupting Tumor Suppression and Cell Cycle Regulation in Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major obstacle in improving survival in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is understanding how to predict and treat leukemia relapse in the CNS. Leukemia cells are capable of infiltrating and residing within the CNS, where they interact with the microenvironment and remain sheltered from systemic treatment. These cells can survive in the CNS niche, by hijacking the microenvironment and disrupting normal functions, thus promoting malignant transformation. While the protective effects of the bone marrow niche have been widely studied, the mechanisms behind leukemia infiltration into the CNS and the role of the CNS niche in leukemia cell survival remain unknown.

We have identified a dysregulated gene expression profile in CNS infiltrated T-ALL and CNS relapse, promoting cell survival, chemoresistance and disease progression. Furthermore, we discovered that interactions between leukemia cells and CNS microenvironment induce epigenetic alterations, such as changes in gene regulation and histone modifications, including H3K36me3 levels.

These findings can be utilized to predict CNS infiltration and CNS relapse, therefore avoiding overtreatment and adverse effects caused by CNS directed therapy. Additionally, the identified genetic drivers of disease progression can serve as a first step towards identifying therapeutic targets, to sensitize the CNS niche to current therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enlund, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neofytou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramilo Amor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papadakis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermanson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CNS Microenvironment Promotes Leukemia Cell Survival by Disrupting Tumor Suppression and Cell Cycle Regulation in Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling upregulates expression of the E protein repressors, ID1 and ID3, in pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of biological modulators of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) initiation and progression is of critical importance as it remains one of the deadliest cancers. We have previously shown that ID1 and ID3 are highly expressed in human PDAC and function to repress expression of E47 target genes involved in acinar cell differentiation and quiescence. Here, mining of large bulk RNA-seq and single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets has associated high expression of ID1 and ID3 with poor PDAC patient survival. We show that upregulated expression of ID1 and ID3 in human PDAC cells occurs in response to canonical BMP signaling through pSMAD1/5/9. Conversely, treatment with Noggin, an endogenous BMP antagonist, or with DMH1 and LDN193189, small molecule inhibitors of BMP receptors, reduced expression of ID1, ID3 and cell cycle control genes. Based on our RNA-seq and immunohistochemical analyses, upregulation of BMP signaling to ID1 and ID3 is an early event that occurs in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and murine models of pre-neoplastic lesions induced by mutant Kras. Strikingly, the same result was observed in a murine model of pancreatitis induced by the cholecystokinin (CCK) analog caerulein. Moreover, we show that caerulein is sufficient to induce BMP signaling and expression of ID1 and ID3 in a cell-autonomous manner in non-transformed rodent exocrine pancreas cells. Together, the data suggest that canonical BMP signaling upregulates expression of ID1 and ID3 early in pancreas pathogenesis and that pancreatic cancer cells remain addicted to this important signaling circuit as the disease progresses. Future exploration of druggable targets within this pathway could be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of pancreatitis and PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raghunathan, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scully, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrmaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGiorno, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itkin-Ansari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling upregulates expression of the E protein repressors, ID1 and ID3, in pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causal Genetic Loci for a Motivated Behavior Spectrum Harbor Psychiatric Risk Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavioral diversity is critical for population fitness. Individual differences in risk-taking are observed across species, but underlying genetic mechanisms and conservation are largely unknown. We examined dark avoidance in larval zebrafish, a motivated behavior reflecting an approach-avoidance conflict. Brain-wide calcium imaging revealed significant neural activity differences between approach-inclined versus avoidance-inclined individuals. We used a population of [~]6,000 to perform the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in zebrafish, which identified 34 genomic regions harboring many genes that are involved in synaptic transmission and human psychiatric diseases. We used CRISPR to study several causal genes: serotonin receptor-1b (htr1b), nitric oxide synthase-1 (nos1), and stress-induced phosphoprotein-1 (stip1). We further identified 52 conserved elements containing 66 GWAS significant variants. One encoded an exonic regulatory element that influenced tissue-specific nos1 expression. Together, these findings reveal new genetic loci and establish a powerful, scalable animal system to probe mechanisms underlying motivation, a critical dimension of psychiatric diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanave, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blake, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causal Genetic Loci for a Motivated Behavior Spectrum Harbor Psychiatric Risk Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Converging Topographic Axes of Connectivity and Genetic Architectures Scaffold Cortical Patterning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.06.556618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic information is involved in the gradual emergence of cortical areas since the neural tube begins to form, shaping the heterogeneous functions of neural circuits in the human brain. Informed by invasive tract-tracing measurements, the cortex exhibits marked interareal variation in connectivity profiles to reveal the heterogeneity across cortical areas. However, it remains unclear about the organizing principles possibly shared by genetics and cortical wiring to manifest the spatial heterogeneity across the cortex. Instead of considering a complex one-to-one mapping between genetic coding and interareal connectivity, we hypothesized the existence of a more efficient way that the organizing principles are embedded in genetic profiles to underpin the cortical wiring space. Leveraging on the vertex-wise tractography in diffusion-weighted MRI, we derived the global connectopies to reliably index the organizing principles of interareal connectivity variation in a low-dimensional space, which specifically captured three dominant topographic patterns along the dorsoventral, rostrocaudal, and mediolateral axes of the cortex. More importantly, we demonstrated that the global connectopies converge to the gradients of vertex-by-vertex genetic correlation matrix on the phenotype of cortical morphology and the cortex-wide spatiomolecular gradients. By diving into the genetic profiles, we found the critical role of genes scaffolding the global connectopies were related to brain morphogenesis and enriched in radial glial cells before birth and excitatory neurons after birth. Taken together, our findings demonstrated the existence of a genetically determined space to encode the interareal connectivity variation, which may give new insights into the links between cortical connections and arealization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickhoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.06.556618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Converging Topographic Axes of Connectivity and Genetic Architectures Scaffold Cortical Patterning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome partitioning constraints on long-term laboratory evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive laboratory evolution experiments provide a controlled context in which the dynamics of selection and adaptation can be followed in real-time at the single-nucleotide level1. And yet this precision introduces hundreds of degrees-of-freedom as genetic changes accrue in parallel lineages over generations2. On short timescales, physiological constraints have been leveraged to provide a coarse-grained view of bacterial gene expression characterized by a small set of phenomenological parameters3-5. Here, we ask whether this same framework, operating at a level between genotype and fitness, informs physiological changes that occur on evolutionary timescales. Using Lenskis Ara-1 lineage adapted to growth in glucose minimal medium6, we find that the proteome is substantially remodeled over 40 000 generations. We apply our existing quantitative proteomics analysis to partition hundreds of expressed proteins into six sectors with shared metabolic function and physiological response4. To accommodate the increased growth rates in the evolved strains, expression of metabolic enzymes undergoes sector-specific adaptation to enable increased fluxes. We find that catabolic proteins adapt by increasing the total enzyme abundance, whereas anabolic and glycolytic proteins exhibit decreased free-enzyme pools. We propose that flux-dependent regulation7 and substrate saturation8 can account for the sector-specific remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mori, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patsalo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome partitioning constraints on long-term laboratory evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.10.556910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycosylation and Crowded Membrane Effects on Influenza Neuraminidase Stability and Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.10.556910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All protein simulations are conducted with varying degrees of simplifications, oftentimes with unknown ramifications on how these simplifications affect the interpretability of the results. In this work we investigated how protein glycosylation and lateral crowding effects modulate an array of properties characterizing the stability and dynamics of influenza neuraminidase. We constructed three systems: 1) Glycosylated neuraminidase in a whole virion (i.e. crowded membrane) environment 2) Glycosylated neuraminidase in its own lipid bilayer 3) Unglycosylated neuraminidase in its own lipid bilayer. We saw that glycans tend to stabilize the protein structure and reduce its conformational flexibility while restricting solvent movement. Conversely, a crowded membrane environment encouraged exploration of the free energy landscape and a large scale conformational change while making the protein structure more compact. Understanding these effects informs what factors one must consider while attempting to recapture the desired level of physical accuracy.

TOC figure

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=50 SRC="FIGDIR/small/556910v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (30K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ec7a9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@563495org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1965cd7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a9659d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG TOC. Schematic of the three systems used here. (A) 2009-H1N1-ungly is the unglycosylated, single protein NA system. (B) 2009-H1N1-gly is the glycosylated, single protein NA system. (C) 2009-H1N1-vir is the NA in the virion context.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deveci, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.10.556910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycosylation and Crowded Membrane Effects on Influenza Neuraminidase Stability and Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving the discovery of rare variants associated with alcohol problems by leveraging machine learning phenotype prediction and functional information. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is moderately heritable with significant social and economic impact. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common variants associated with AUD, however, rare variant investigations have yet to achieve well-powered sample sizes. In this study, we conducted an interval-based exome-wide analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Problems subscale (AUDIT-P) using both machine learning (ML) predicted risk and empirical functional weights. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource (application number 30782.) Filtering the 200k exome release to unrelated individuals of European ancestry resulted in a sample of 147,386 individuals with 51,357 observed and 96,029 unmeasured but predicted AUDIT-P for exome analysis. Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT/SKAT-O) was used for rare variant (Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) < 0.01) interval analyses using default and empirical weights. Empirical weights were constructed using annotations found significant by stratified LD Score Regression analysis of predicted AUDIT-P GWAS, providing prior functional weights specific to AUDIT-P. Using only samples with observed AUDIT-P yielded no significantly associated intervals. In contrast, ADH1C and THRA gene intervals were significant (False discovery rate (FDR) <0.05) using default and empirical weights in the predicted AUDIT-P sample, with the most significant association found using predicted AUDIT-P and empirical weights in the ADH1C gene (SKAT-O P Default= 1.06 x 10-9 and P Empirical weight = 6.25 x 10-11). These findings provide evidence for rare variant association of the ADH1C gene with the AUDIT-P and highlight the successful leveraging of ML to increase effective sample size and prior empirical functional weights based on common variant GWAS data to refine and increase the statistical significance in underpowered phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahangari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacanu, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving the discovery of rare variants associated with alcohol problems by leveraging machine learning phenotype prediction and functional information.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibiting Stromal Class I HDACs Curbs Pancreatic Cancer Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenic lesions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) hijack the epigenetic machinery in stromal components to establish a desmoplastic and therapeutic resistant tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we identify Class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) as key epigenetic factors facilitating the induction of pro-desmoplastic and pro-tumorigenic transcriptional programs in pancreatic stromal fibroblasts. Mechanistically, HDAC-mediated changes in chromatin architecture enable the activation of pro-desmoplastic programs directed by serum response factor (SRF) and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). HDACs also coordinate fibroblast pro-inflammatory programs inducing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression, supporting paracrine pro-tumorigenic crosstalk. HDAC depletion in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and treatment with the HDAC inhibitor entinostat (Ent) in PDAC mouse models reduce stromal activation and curb tumor progression. Notably, HDAC inhibition (HDACi) enriches a lipogenic fibroblast subpopulation, a potential precursor for myofibroblasts in the PDAC stroma. Overall, our study reveals the stromal targeting potential of HDACi, highlighting the utility of this epigenetic modulating approach in PDAC therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truitt, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antal, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkins, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banayo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estepa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liddle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Hoff, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibiting Stromal Class I HDACs Curbs Pancreatic Cancer Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The αC-β4 loop controls the allosteric cooperativity between nucleotide and substrate in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allosteric cooperativity between ATP and substrates is a prominent characteristic of the cAMP-dependent catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). Not only this long-range synergistic action is involved in substrate recognition and fidelity, but it is also likely to regulate PKA association with regulatory subunits and other binding partners. To date, a complete understanding of the molecular determinants for this intramolecular mechanism is still lacking.

Here, we integrated NMR-restrained molecular dynamics simulations and a Markov State Model to characterize the free energy landscape and conformational transitions of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-C). We found that the apoenzyme populates a broad free energy basin featuring a conformational ensemble of the active state of PKA-C (ground state) and other basins with lower populations (excited states). The first excited state corresponds to a previously characterized inactive state of PKA-C with the C helix swinging outward. The second excited state displays a disrupted hydrophobic packing around the regulatory (R) spine, with a flipped configuration of the F100 and F102 residues at the C-{beta}4 loop. To experimentally validate the second excited state, we mutated F100 into alanine (F100A) and used NMR spectroscopy to characterize the structural response of the kinase to ATP and substrate binding. While the catalytic efficiency of PKA-CF100A with a canonical peptide substrate remains unaltered, this mutation rearranges the C-{beta}4 loop conformation, interrupting the structural coupling of the two lobes and abolishing the allosteric binding cooperativity of the enzyme. The highly conserved C-{beta}4 loop emerges as a pivotal element able to control the synergistic binding between nucleotide and substrate. These results may explain how mutations or insertions near or within this motif affect the function and drug sensitivity in other homologous kinases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivieri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subrahmanian, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernlohr, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camilloni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vendruscolo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veglia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The αC-β4 loop controls the allosteric cooperativity between nucleotide and substrate in the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-supervised deep learning uncovers the semantic landscape of drug-induced latent mitochondrial phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging-based high-content screening aims to identify substances that modulate cellular phenotypes. Traditional approaches screen compounds for their ability to shift disease phenotypes toward healthy phenotypes, but these end point-based screens lack an atlas-like mapping between phenotype and cell state that covers the full spectrum of possible phenotypic responses. In this study, we present MitoSpace: a novel mitochondrial phenotypic atlas that leverages self-supervised deep learning to create a semantically meaningful latent space from images without relying on any data labels for training. Our approach employs a dataset of [~]100,000 microscopy images of Cal27 and HeLa cells treated with 25 drugs affecting mitochondria, but can be generalized to any cell type, cell organelle, or drug library with no changes to the methodology. We demonstrate how MitoSpace enhances our understanding of the range of mitochondrial phenotypes induced by pharmacological interventions. We find that i) self-supervised learning can automatically uncover the semantic landscape of drug induced latent mitochondrial phenotypes and can map individual cells to the correct functional area of the drug they are treated with, ii) the traditional classification of mitochondrial morphology along a fragmented to fused axis is more complex than previously thought, with additional axes being identified, and iii) latent spaces trained in a self-supervised manner are superior to those trained with supervised models, and generalize to other cell types and drug conditions without explicit training on those cell types or drug conditions. Future applications of MitoSpace include creating mitochondrial biomarkers for drug discovery and determining the effects of unknown drugs and diseases for diagnostic purposes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Natekar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakozaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-supervised deep learning uncovers the semantic landscape of drug-induced latent mitochondrial phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 760 million cases and 6.9 million deaths worldwide. To mitigate the loss of lives, emergency use authorization was given to several anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of progressing to severe disease. Monoclonal antibodies used to treat SARS-CoV-2 target the spike protein of the virus and block its ability to enter and infect target cells. Monoclonal antibody therapy can thus accelerate the decline in viral load and lower hospitalization rates among high-risk patients with susceptible variants. However, viral resistance has been observed, in some cases leading to a transient viral rebound that can be as large as 3-4 orders of magnitude. As mAbs represent a proven treatment choice for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections, evaluation of treatment-emergent mAb resistance can help uncover underlying pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may also help in the development of the next generation of mAb therapies. Although resistance can be expected, the large rebounds observed are much more difficult to explain. We hypothesize replenishment of target cells is necessary to generate the high transient viral rebound. Thus, we formulated two models with different mechanisms for target cell replenishment (homeostatic proliferation and return from an innate immune response anti-viral state) and fit them to data from persons with SARS-CoV-2 treated with a mAb. We showed that both models can explain the emergence of resistant virus associated with high transient viral rebounds. We found that variations in the target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters have a strong impact on the magnitude or observability of the viral rebound associated with the emergence of resistant virus. Both variations in target cell supply rate and adaptive immunity parameters may explain why only some individuals develop observable transient resistant viral rebound. Our study highlights the conditions that can lead to resistance and subsequent viral rebound in mAb treatments during acute infection.

Author summaryMonoclonal antibodies have been used as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2. However, viral evolution and development of variants has compromised the use of all currently authorized monoclonal antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. In some individuals treated with one such monoclonal antibody, bamlanivimab, transient nasal viral rebounds of 3-4 logs associated with resistant viral strains occur. To better understand the mechanisms underlying resistance emergence with high viral load rebounds, we developed two different models that incorporate drug sensitive and drug resistant virus as well as target cell replenishment and fit them to data. The models accurately capture the observed viral dynamics as well as the proportion of resistant virus for each studied individual with little variation in model parameters. In the models with best-fit parameters, bamlanivimab selects for resistance mutants that can expand to high levels due to target cell replenishment. The ultimate clearance of virus however depends on the development of adaptive immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zitzmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daar, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohl, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eron, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currier, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhary, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perelson, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling the emergence of viral resistance for SARS-CoV-2 during treatment with an anti-spike monoclonal antibody]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.17.558058v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using the E. coli Alleleome in Strain Design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.17.558058v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leveraging observed variants in strain design is a promising technique for creating strains with specific properties. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments generate variants that enhance fitness under specific conditions and can contribute to application-specific strain designs. Further, the wild-type (WT) coding alleleome of an organism, the complete set of its genes WT alleles, can provide an additional amount and diversity of variants not yet accessible from the aggregation of ALE experiment results. This study used both an ALE mutation database (3093 genomes) and a large set of WT genomes (12,661 genomes) to explore the sequence solution space of genes involved in tolerance to 10 conditions of industrial importance. To accomplish this, ALE variants for 22 genes previously identified as potentially important for industrial chemical tolerance were collected and supplemented with all available variants from the WT coding alleleome. A total of 4879 variants were reintroduced and used in 10 selection experiments. Both ALE and WT contributed highly enriched variants, where the enrichment and benefits depended on the conditions, genes, and gene product regions. The results also revealed that variants not originating from the initial experiment could potentially confer substantially greater benefits. Additionally, ALE and WT variants rarely overlapped on AA positions, but their clustering did coincide with where highly enriched variants were ultimately located. For genes primarily hosting potential gain-of-function variations, substitutions predicted to have a conservative impact frequently outperformed more radical substitutions. Case studies demonstrated that maximizing the amount of variants enabled easier identification of variant trends, which in turn can be used to better understand areas and characteristics of genes that can be feasibly varied, representing what could be thought of as a genome design variable. The combination of ALE and WT variants is a promising approach for use in future projects to better constrain and ultimately achieve practical coverage in the exploration of feasible sequence solution space.

Visual Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarczynska, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandasamy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.17.558058</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using the E. coli Alleleome in Strain Design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.17.558093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data-Driven Strain Design Towards Mitigating Biomanufacturing Stresses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.17.558093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial strains used in large-scale biomanufacturing of melatonin often experience stresses like reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOS response, and acid stress, which can reduce productivity. This study leveraged a data-driven workflow to identify mutations that could improve robustness to these stresses for an industrially important melatonin production strain. This work integrated more than 7000 E. coli adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) mutations to statistically associate mutated genes to 2 ROS tolerance ALE conditions from 72 available conditions. oxyR, fur, iscR, and ygfZ were significantly associated and hypothesized to contribute to fitness in ROS stress. Across these genes, 259 total mutations were inspected and 10 were chosen for reintroduction based on mutation clustering and transcriptional signals as evidence of fitness impact. Strains engineered with mutations in oxyR, fur, iscR, and ygfZ exhibited increased tolerance to H2O2 and acid stress, and reduced SOS response suggesting improved genetic stability. Additionally, new evidence was generated towards understand the function of ygfZ, a gene of relatively uncertain function. This meta-analysis approach utilized interoperable multi-omics datasets to identify targeted mutations conferring industrially-relevant phenotypes, describing an approach for data-driven strain engineering to optimize microbial cell factories.

Visual Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rode, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beulig, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.17.558093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data-Driven Strain Design Towards Mitigating Biomanufacturing Stresses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide Characterization of Diverse Bacteriophages Enabled by RNA-Binding CRISPRi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteriophages constitute one of the largest sources of unknown gene content in the biosphere. Even for well-studied model phages, robust experimental approaches to identify and study their essential genes remain elusive. We uncover and exploit the conserved vulnerability of the phage transcriptome to facilitate genome-wide protein expression knockdown via programmable RNA-binding protein dRfxCas13d (CRISPRi-ART) across diverse phages and their host. Establishing the first broad-spectrum phage functional genomics platform, we predict over 90 essential genes across four phage genomes, a third of which have no known function. These results highlight hidden infection strategies encoded in the most abundant biological entities on earth and provide a facile platform to study them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Shimary, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colognori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinidad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nomburg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beurnier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrangou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutalik, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeniger, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cress, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide Characterization of Diverse Bacteriophages Enabled by RNA-Binding CRISPRi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pangenome reconstruction of Lactobacillaceae metabolism predicts species-specific metabolic traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Strains across the Lactobacillaceae family form the basis for a trillion-dollar industry. Our understanding of the genomic basis for their key traits is fragmented, however, including the metabolism that is foundational to their industrial uses. Pangenome analysis of publicly available Lactobacillaceae genomes allowed us to generate genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions for 26 species of industrial importance. Their manual curation led to more than 75,000 gene-protein-reaction associations that were deployed to generate 2,446 genome-scale metabolic models. Cross-referencing genomes and known metabolic traits allowed for manual metabolic network curation and validation of the metabolic models. As a result, we provide the first pangenomic basis for metabolism in the Lactobacillaceae family and a collection of predictive computational metabolic models that enable a variety of practical uses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ardalani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohie, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pangenome reconstruction of Lactobacillaceae metabolism predicts species-specific metabolic traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RATTACA: Genetic predictions in Heterogeneous Stock rats offer a new tool for genetic correlation and experimental design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic correlations between traits are a common first step in studies identifying causal genetic pathways and mechanisms. Using this framework with inbred or selected lines, however, requires intensive labor investment through breeding and phenotyping, and is prone to confounding, as observed trait correlations do not necessarily reflect a causative genetic architecture shared between distinct populations. When drawn from a single outbred population, genetic trait predictions offer a viable alternative to experimental phenotyping and can be used to identify putative genetic correlations when samples with divergent trait predictions also diverge in a second measured trait. Here, we present a novel research paradigm and service called RATTACA, in which genotypes from Heterogenous Stock (HS) rats are used to predict trait values using linear mixed models. These predictions are used to select samples of individuals with high and low extreme trait values, facilitating (1) a priori sampling of desired trait values without oversampling across phenotypic space and (2) easy identification of putative genetic correlations between predicted and newly measured traits. We validated prediction models using four example phenotypes with measured trait values and found sufficient accuracy to distinguish extreme trait samples, even when using a small number of genome-wide variants (n = 50,000) for traits with modest heritability (h2 = 0.13). Given genotypes and trait measurements available through previous research in HS rats, we propose RATTACA as a service to reliably predict more than 80 behavioral and physiological traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanches, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RATTACA: Genetic predictions in Heterogeneous Stock rats offer a new tool for genetic correlation and experimental design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel pathways carrying direction and orientation selective retinal signals to layer 4 of mouse visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parallel functional and anatomical visual pathways from the retina to primary visual cortex (V1) via the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are common to many mammalian species, including mice, carnivores and primates. However, the much larger number of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types that project to the LGN, as well as the more limited lamination of both the LGN and the thalamocortical-recipient layer 4 (L4) in mice, leaves considerable uncertainty about which visual features present in both retina and V1 might be inherited from parallel pathways versus extracted by V1 circuits in the mouse visual system. Here, we explored the relationships between functional properties of L4 V1 neurons and their RGC inputs by taking advantage of two Cre-expressing mouse lines -- Nr5a1-Cre and Scnn1a-Tg3-Cre -- that each label functionally and anatomically distinct populations of L4 neurons. Visual tuning properties of L4 V1 neurons were evaluated using Cre-dependent expression of GCaMP6s followed by 2-photon calcium imaging. RGCs providing input to these neurons (via LGN) were labeled and characterized using Cre-dependent trans-synaptic retrograde labeling with G-deleted rabies virus. We find significant differences in the tuning of Nr5a1-Cre versus Scnn1a-Tg3-Cre neurons for direction, orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, and speed. Strikingly, a subset of the RGCs had tuning properties that matched the direction and orientation tuning properties of the L4 V1 neurons to which they provided input. Altogether, these results suggest that direction and orientation tuning of V1 neurons may be at least partly inherited from parallel pathways originating in the retina.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagos, W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaway, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stafford, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel pathways carrying direction and orientation selective retinal signals to layer 4 of mouse visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intronic miR342 is a master regulator of cellular glycolysis in Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of CD4 T cells that play a potent and indispensable role in regulating immunity and tolerance. The precise mechanisms by which Treg cells mediate such functions have extensively been explored, and there are many cellular and molecular factors that are instrumental for adequate Treg cell functions. miRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, are one of the factors capable of controlling Treg cell functions. In this study, we report that miR-342 is essential for Treg cells to mitigate autoimmune inflammation in the central nervous system. Utilizing novel mouse models with Treg cell-specific miR-342 deficiency or overexpression, we demonstrate that miR-342 expression in Treg cells, while dispensable for immune homeostasis at steady-state conditions, is necessary for Treg cells to control inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, we found that Treg cells deficient in miR-342 display dysregulated metabolic profiles, elevated glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic phenotype associated with functionally defective Treg cells. Interestingly, miR-342-dependent metabolic dysregulation was observed in Treg but not in Th1 type cells. In support, miR-342-mediated Rictor targeting was found in Treg but not in Th1 type cells. Collectively, our findings uncover that miR-342 may serve a master regulator specific for metabolism and functions in Treg cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intronic miR342 is a master regulator of cellular glycolysis in Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective capture of circulating metastatic cancer cell clusters from lung cancer patients reveals a unique genomic profile that identifies anti-metastatic molecular therapeutic targets. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and lung cancer, known for its highly metastatic progression, remains among the most lethal of malignancies. The heterogeneous genomic profile of lung cancer metastases is often unknown. Since different metastatic events can selectively spread to multiple organs, strongly suggests more studies are needed to understand and target these different pathways. Unfortunately, access to the primary driver of metastases, the metastatic cancer cell clusters (MCCCs), remains difficult and limited. These metastatic clusters have been shown to be 100-fold more tumorigenic than individual cancer cells. Capturing and characterizing MCCCs is a key limiting factor in efforts to help treat and ultimately prevent cancer metastasis. Elucidating differentially regulated biological pathways in MCCCs will help uncover new therapeutic drug targets to help combat cancer metastases. We demonstrate a novel, proof of principle technology, to capture MCCCs directly from patients whole blood. Our platform can be readily tuned for different solid tumor types by combining a biomimicry-based margination effect coupled with immunoaffinity to isolate MCCCs. Adopting a selective capture approach based on overexpressed CD44 in MCCCs provides a methodology that preferentially isolates them from whole blood. Furthermore, we demonstrate a high capture efficiency of more than 90% when spiking MCCC-like model cell clusters into whole blood. Characterization of the captured MCCCs from lung cancer patients by immunofluorescence staining and genomic analyses, suggests highly differential morphologies and genomic profiles., This study lays the foundation to identify potential drug targets thus unlocking a new area of anti-metastatic therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kouhmareh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finlay, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhadada, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Vargas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downey, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teriete, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective capture of circulating metastatic cancer cell clusters from lung cancer patients reveals a unique genomic profile that identifies anti-metastatic molecular therapeutic targets.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Desmosome mutations impact the tumor microenvironment to promote melanoma proliferation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Desmosomes are transmembrane protein complexes that contribute to cell-cell adhesion in epithelia and other tissues. Here, we report the discovery of frequent genetic alterations in the desmosome in human cancers, with the strongest signal seen in cutaneous melanoma where desmosomes are mutated in >70% of cases. In primary but not metastatic melanoma biopsies, the burden of coding mutations in desmosome genes associates with a strong reduction in desmosome gene expression. Analysis by spatial transcriptomics and protein immunofluorescence suggests that these expression decreases occur in keratinocytes in the microenvironment rather than in primary melanoma cells. In further support of a microenvironmental origin, we find that desmosome gene knockdown in keratinocytes yields markedly increased proliferation of adjacent melanoma cells in keratinocyte/melanoma co-cultures. Similar increases in melanoma proliferation are observed in media preconditioned by desmosome-deficient keratinocytes. Thus, gradual accumulation of desmosome mutations in neighboring cells may prime melanoma cells for neoplastic transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanai, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiuru, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Desmosome mutations impact the tumor microenvironment to promote melanoma proliferation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study and sequence similarity analysis for unilateral renal agenesis using heterogeneous stock rats undercovers the KIT gene and AHR, ATF3, GATA3, HNF1B, POU2F2, and TFCP2 transcription factors as potential candidates to explain incomplete penetrance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Human unilateral renal agenesis is a congenital urinary tract malformation. Affected individuals have only one kidney, which is often an asymptomatic developmental defect. A total of 5,585 male and female HS rats were assessed for unilateral renal agenesis and genotyped for 3513,321 markers. The R package SAIGEgds was used for the association analysis. The adjusted p-value threshold for the association analysis determined by permutation was equal to 5.6 (-log10). Two additional datasets were used as validation tests. Population two included 1,577 rats genotyped for 7,425,889 markers and a case-control imbalance equal to 1:174; population three included 1,407 rats, genotyped for 254,932 markers and case-control ratio equal to 1:38. The python package GxTheta was used to perform a polygenic epistasis analysis for the analyzed HS rat population. A founder haplotype mosaic determination was performed using the R package QTL2. Associated regions were selected for further analysis, including long-read PacBio sequencing for founder individuals and a founder haplotype prediction test. A similarity analysis at a genomic level and for loci encoding transcription factors predicted to interact with selected sequences inside the associated loci were accomplished. A total of 1,181 polymorphisms were associated with URA. All associated polymorphisms were located on chromosome 14 between 32.9 and 36.6 Mb. The most significant polymorphism was chr14:36,411,266, a G/T transversion. The same associated region was identified in population three. Polygenic epistasis was determined as not predominant for the presentation of URA. Based on the haplotype mosaic probability estimation, cases display a higher probability of inheriting the ACI allele. The long-read sequencing analysis showed the presence of an Erv insertion inside the intron one of the KIT gene located inside the associated region. The Erv insertion comprises one Erv sequence and two Ltr sequences located downstream and upstream of the former. No Erv insertion was identified for the founder strain BN. For ACI and HSRA, only one Ltr sequence was identified. One hundred and seven genes encoding TFs that recognize binding sites on the Erv insertion were analyzed for sequence similarity against the reference HSRA. The TF similarity score analysis for the interaction genotype and phenotype showed significance after FDR correction for 20 TFs, including AHR, HNF1B, JUNB, RARG, and RXRA. A mechanism identifying URA as a threshold phenotype is suggested in HS rats. It implies the existence of a minimum threshold for the final number of nephrons and kidney associated structures required for stalling the apoptotic process of the metanephric rudiments. Animals exhibiting a quantitative cumulative defect would express URA, being this malformation identified as a phenotype with decreased penetrance in the assessed population of HS rats. All these processes are described as mediated by KIT and TFs able to interact with sequences of the Erv insertion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leal-Gutierrez, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study and sequence similarity analysis for unilateral renal agenesis using heterogeneous stock rats undercovers the KIT gene and AHR, ATF3, GATA3, HNF1B, POU2F2, and TFCP2 transcription factors as potential candidates to explain incomplete penetrance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequential membrane- and protein-bound organelles compartmentalize genomes during phage infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many eukaryotic viruses require membrane-bound compartments for replication, but no such organelles are known to be formed by prokaryotic viruses1-3. Bacteriophages of the Chimalliviridae family sequester their genomes within a phage-generated organelle, the phage nucleus, which is enclosed by a lattice of the viral protein ChmA4-10. Previously, we observed lipid membrane-bound vesicles in cells infected by Chimalliviridae, but due to the paucity of genetics tools for these viruses it was unknown if these vesicles represented unproductive, abortive infections or a bona fide stage in the phage life cycle. Using the recently-developed dRfxCas13d-based knockdown system CRISPRi-ART11 in combination with fluorescence microscopy and cryo-electron tomography, we show that inhibiting phage nucleus formation arrests infections at an early stage in which the injected phage genome is enclosed within a membrane-bound early phage infection (EPI) vesicle. We demonstrate that early phage genes are transcribed by the virion-associated RNA polymerase from the genome within the compartment, making the EPI vesicle the first known example of a lipid membrane-bound organelle that separates transcription from translation in prokaryotes. Further, we show that the phage nucleus is essential for the phage life cycle, with genome replication only beginning after the injected DNA is transferred from the EPI vesicle to the newly assembled phage nucleus. Our results show that Chimalliviridae require two sophisticated subcellular compartments of distinct compositions and functions that facilitate successive stages of the viral life cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanderWal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aindow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cress, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequential membrane- and protein-bound organelles compartmentalize genomes during phage infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the inner ear epithelial cells of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inner ear of teleost fish regulates the ionic and acid-base chemistry and secretes the protein matrix of the endolymph to facilitate otolith biomineralization, which are used to maintain vestibular and auditory functions. The otolith is biomineralized in a concentric ring pattern corresponding to seasonal growth, and this CaCO3 polycrystal has become a vital aging and life-history tool for fishery managers, ecologists, and conservation biologists. Moreover, biomineralization patterns are sensitive to environmental variability including climate change, thereby threatening the accuracy and relevance of otolith-reliant toolkits. However, the cellular biology of the inner ear is poorly characterized, which is a hurdle for a mechanistic understanding of the underlying processes. This study provides a systematic characterization of the cell types in the inner ear of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa). Scanning electron microscopy revealed the apical morphologies of the six inner ear cell types. Additionally, immunostaining and confocal microscopy characterized the expression and subcellular localization of the proteins Na+/K+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, V-type H+-ATPase, Na+-K+-2Cl--Co-Transporter, Otolith Matrix Protein 1, and Otolin-1 in six inner ear cell types bordering the endolymph. This fundamental cytological characterization of the rockfish inner ear epithelium illustrates the intricate physiological processes involved in otolith biomineralization, and highlights how greater mechanistic understanding is necessary to predict their multi-stressor responses to future climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prime, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.558895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the inner ear epithelial cells of splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spine apparatus modulates Ca2+ in spines through spatial localization of sources and sinks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic spines are small protrusions on dendrites in neurons and serve as sites of postsynaptic activity. Some of these spines contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and sometimes an even further specialized SER known as the spine apparatus (SA). In this work, we developed a stochastic spatial model to investigate the role of the SER and the SA in modulating Ca2+ dynamics. Using this model, we investigated how ryanodine receptor (RyR) localization, spine membrane geometry, and SER geometry can impact Ca2+ transients in the spine and in the dendrite. Our simulations found that RyR opening is dependent on where it is localized in the SER and on the SER geometry. In order to maximize Ca2+ in the dendrites (for activating clusters of spines and spine-spine communication), a laminar SA was favorable with RyRs localized in the neck region, closer to the dendrite. We also found that the presence of the SER without the laminar structure, coupled with RyR localization at the head, leads to higher Ca2+ presence in the spine. These predictions serve as design principles for understanding how spines with an ER can regulate Ca2+ dynamics differently from spines without ER through a combination of geometry and receptor localization.

1 HighlightsO_LIRyR opening in dendritic spine ER is location dependent and spine geometry dependent.
C_LIO_LICa2+ buffers and SERCA can buffer against runaway potentiation of spines even when CICR is activated.
C_LIO_LIRyRs located towards the ER neck allow for more Ca2+ to reach the dendrites.
C_LIO_LIRyRs located towards the spine head are favorable for increased Ca2+ in spines.
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=186 SRC="FIGDIR/small/558941v1_fig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (30K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a2aa64org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@60a7c5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a68303org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e3743f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 1:C_FLOATNO Graphical abstract.

Factors governing the dynamics of Ca2+ in dendritic spines include plasma membrane geometry, RyR distribution and ER laminarity.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez Mesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoerndli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.558941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spine apparatus modulates Ca2+ in spines through spatial localization of sources and sinks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic insights into Lactobacillaceae: Analyzing the Alleleome of core pangenomes for enhanced understanding of strain diversity and revealing Phylogroup-specific unique variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.22.558971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Lactobacillaceae familys significance in food and health, combined with available strain-specific genomes, enables genome assessment through pangenome analysis. The  Alleleome of the core pangenomes of the Lactobacillaceae family, which identifies natural sequence variations, was reconstructed from the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the core genes across 2,447 strains of 26 species. It comprised 3.71 million amino acid variants in 29,448 core genes across the family. The alleleome analysis of the Lactobacillaceae family revealed key findings: 1) In the core pangenome, amino acid substitutions prevailed over rare insertions and deletions, 2) Purifying negative selection primarily influenced core gene variations in the family, with diversifying selection noted in L. helveticus. L. plantarums core alleleome was investigated due to its industrial importance. In L. plantarum, the defining characteristics of its core alleleome included: 1) It is highly conserved; 2) Among 235 isolation sources, the primary categories displaying variant prevalence were fermented food, feces, and unidentified sources; 3) It is predominantly characterized by  conservative and  moderately conservative mutations; and 4) Phylogroup-specific core variant gene analysis identified unique variants (DltX, FabZ1, Pts23B, CspP) in phylogroups  I and  B which could be used as identifier or validation markers of strain or phylogroup.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harke, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josephs-Spaulding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohite, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardalani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.22.558971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic insights into Lactobacillaceae: Analyzing the Alleleome of core pangenomes for enhanced understanding of strain diversity and revealing Phylogroup-specific unique variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.24.559194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A 3D Printed Ventilated Perfused Lung Model Platform to Dissect the Lung's Response to Viral Infection in the Presence of Respiration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.24.559194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we developed a three-dimensionally (3D) printed lung model that faithfully recapitulates the intricate lung environment. This 3D model incorporated alveolar and vascular components that allow for a comprehensive exploration of lung physiology and responses to infection in vitro. In particular, we investigated the intricate role of ventilation on formation of the alveolar epithelial layer and its response to viral infections. In this regard, we subjected our 3D printed, perfused lung model to a continuous respiratory cycle at the air-liquid interface (ALI) for up to 10 days followed by infection with two viruses: influenza virus (Pr8) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), at two different concentrations for 24 or 48 h. The results revealed that ventilation induced increased tight-junction formation with better epithelial barrier function over time, facilitated higher expression of alveolar epithelial specific genes, enabled higher level of infection with an increased progression of viral spread and replication over time, and modulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our findings represent a critical step forward in advancing our understanding of lung-specific viral responses and respiratory infections in response to ventilation, which sheds light on vital aspects of pulmonary physiology and pathobiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Derman, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alioglu, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holton, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klunk, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagamine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizvi, S. H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikacenic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celik, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prajakta, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schotsaert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peeples, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palucka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozbolat, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.24.559194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A 3D Printed Ventilated Perfused Lung Model Platform to Dissect the Lung's Response to Viral Infection in the Presence of Respiration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.558915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanded palette of RNA base editors for comprehensive RBP-RNA interactome studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.558915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of RNA processing and cellular function. Technologies to discover RNA targets of RBPs such as TRIBE (targets of RNA binding proteins identified by editing) and STAMP (surveying targets by APOBEC1 mediated profiling) utilize fusions of RNA base-editors (rBEs) to RBPs to circumvent the limitations of immunoprecipitation (CLIP)-based methods that require enzymatic digestion and large amounts of input material. To broaden the repertoire of rBEs suitable for editing-based RBP-RNA interaction studies, we have devised experimental and computational assays in a framework called PRINTER (protein-RNA interaction-based triaging of enzymes that edit RNA) to assess over thirty A-to-I and C-to-U rBEs, allowing us to identify rBEs that expand the characterization of binding patterns for both sequence-specific and broad-binding RBPs. We also propose specific rBEs suitable for dual-RBP applications. We show that the choice between single or multiple rBEs to fuse with a given RBP or pair of RBPs hinges on the editing biases of the rBEs and the binding preferences of the RBPs themselves. We believe our study streamlines and enhances the selection of rBEs for the next generation of RBP-RNA target discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medina-Munoz, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kofman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagannatha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykins, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranzau, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohli, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komor, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.558915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanded palette of RNA base editors for comprehensive RBP-RNA interactome studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling Cardiomyocyte Signaling and Metabolism Predicts Genotype to Phenotype Mechanisms in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a significant precursor of heart failure and sudden cardiac death, primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric and structural proteins. Despite the extensive research on the HCM genotype, the complex, context-specific nature of many signaling and metabolic pathways linking the HCM genotype to phenotype has hindered therapeutic advancements for patients. To address these challenges, here, we have developed a computational systems biology model of HCM at the cardiomyocyte level. Utilizing a stochastic logic-based ODE method, we integrate subcellular systems in cardiomyocytes that jointly modulate HCM genotype to phenotype, including cardiac signaling, metabolic, and gene regulatory networks, as well as posttranslational modifications linking these networks. After validating with experimental data on changes in activity of signaling species in HCM context and transcriptomes of two HCM mouse models (R403Q-MyHC and R92W-TnT), the model predicts significant changes in cardiomyocyte metabolic functions such as ATP synthase deficiency and a transition from fatty acids to carbohydrate metabolism in HCM. The model indicated major shifts in glutamine-related metabolism and increased apoptosis after HCM-induced ATP synthase deficiency. Aligned with prior experimental studies, we predicted that the transcription factors STAT, SRF, GATA4, TP53, and FoxO are the key regulators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis in HCM. Using the model, we identified shared (e.g., activation of PGC1 by AMPK, and FHL1 by titin) and context-specific mechanisms (e.g., regulation of Ca2+ sensitivity by titin in HCM patients) that could control genotype to phenotype transition in HCM across different species or mutations. We also predicted potential combination drug targets for HCM (e.g., mavacamten paired with ROS inhibitors) preventing or reversing HCM phenotype (i.e., hypertrophic growth, apoptosis, and metabolic remodeling) in cardiomyocytes. This study provides new insights into mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and offers a framework for assessing new treatments and exploring variations in HCM experimental models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khalilimeybodi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling Cardiomyocyte Signaling and Metabolism Predicts Genotype to Phenotype Mechanisms in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial antiviral defense pathways encode eukaryotic-like ubiquitination systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitination and related pathways play crucial roles in protein homeostasis, signaling, and innate immunity1-3. In these pathways, an enzymatic cascade of E1, E2, and E3 proteins conjugates ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) to targetprotein lysine residues4. Bacteria encode ancient relatives of E1 and Ubl proteins involved in sulfur metabolism5,6 but these proteins do not mediate Ubl-target conjugation, leaving open the question of whether bacteria can perform ubiquitination-like protein conjugation. Here, we demonstrate that a bacterial antiviral immune system encodes a complete ubiquitination pathway. Two structures of a bacterial E1:E2:Ubl complex reveal striking architectural parallels with canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination machinery. The bacterial E1 encodes an N-terminal inactive adenylation domain (IAD) and a C-terminal active adenylation domain (AAD) with a mobile -helical insertion containing the catalytic cysteine (CYS domain). One structure reveals a pre-reaction state with the bacterial Ubl C-terminus positioned for adenylation, and the E1 CYS domain poised nearby for thioester formation. A second structure mimics an E1-to-E2 transthioesterification state, with the E1 CYS domain rotated outward and its catalytic cysteine adjacent to the bound E2. We show that a deubiquitinase (DUB) in the same pathway pre-processes the bacterial Ubl, exposing its C-terminal glycine for adenylation. Finally, we show that the bacterial E1 and E2 collaborate to conjugate Ubl to target-protein lysine residues. Together, these data reveal that bacteria possess bona fide ubiquitination systems with strong mechanistic and architectural parallels to canonical eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways, suggesting that these pathways arose first in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chambers, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledvina, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteley, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial antiviral defense pathways encode eukaryotic-like ubiquitination systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.558803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beneficial metabolic effects of PAHSAs depend on the gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.558803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dietary lipids play an essential role in regulating the function of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tract, and these luminal interactions contribute to mediating host metabolism. PAHSAs are a class of lipids with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties, but whether the gut microbiota contributes to their beneficial effects on host metabolism is unknown. Here, we report that treating high fat diet (HFD)-fed germ-free mice with PAHSAs does not improve insulin sensitivity. However, transfer of feces from PAHSA-treated, but not Vehicle-treated, chow-fed mice increases insulin-sensitivity in HFD-fed germ free mice. Thus, the gut microbiota is necessary for and can transmit the insulin-sensitizing effects of PAHSAs in HFD-fed germ-free mice. Functional analyses of the cecal metagenome and lipidome of PAHSA-treated mice identified multiple lipid species that associate with the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) and with insulin sensitivity resulting from PAHSA treatment. Bt supplementation in HFD-fed female mice prevented weight gain, reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, fortified the colonic mucus barrier and reduced systemic inflammation versus chow-fed controls, effects that were not observed in HFD-fed male mice. Furthermore, ovariectomy partially reversed the beneficial Bt effects on host metabolism, indicating a role for sex hormones in mediating probiotic effects. Altogether, these studies highlight the fact that lipids can modulate the gut microbiota resulting in improvement in host metabolism and that PAHSA-induced changes in the microbiota result in at least some of their insulin-sensitizing effects in female mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellenstein, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahnavard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummings, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeliseyev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castoldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clish, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bry, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.558803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beneficial metabolic effects of PAHSAs depend on the gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light management by algal aggregates in living photosynthetic hydrogels. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid progress in algal biotechnology has triggered a growing interest in hydrogel-encapsulated microalgal cultivation, especially for the engineering of functional photosynthetic materials and biomass production. An overlooked characteristic of gel-encapsulated cultures is the emergence of cell aggregates, which are the result of the mechanical confinement of the cells. Such aggregates have a dramatic effect on the light management of gel-encapsulated photobioreactors and hence strongly affect the photosynthetic outcome. In order to evaluate such an effect, we experimentally studied the optical response of hydrogels containing algal aggregates and developed optical simulations to study the resultant light intensity profiles. The simulations are validated experimentally via transmittance measurements using an integrating sphere and aggregate volume analysis with confocal microscopy. Specifically, the heterogeneous distribution of cell aggregates in a gel matrix can increase light penetration while alleviating photoinhibition compared to a flat biofilm. Finally, we demonstrate that light harvesting efficiency can be further enhanced with the introduction of scattering particles within the hydrogel matrix, leading to a four-fold increase in biomass growth. Our study, therefore, highlights a new strategy for the design of spatially efficient photosynthetic living materials that have important implications for the engineering of future algal cultivation systems.

Significance StatementThe ability to cultivate microalgae at scale efficiently would allow more sustainable production of food and food additives. However, efficient growth of microalgae requires optimised light conditions, which are usually challenging to obtain using biofilm cultivations mode: as the outer layer of cells are necessarily more exposed to incoming light than the inner layer, posing the problem of photoinhibition on the outer cells receiving too much light, and shading the ones below. Here we study both experimentally and numerically, how microalgae aggregates growing in the confinement of a hydrogel can provide an improved light distribution and therefore biomass growth is maximised. This study proposes new strategies on how to engineer future photobioreactors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chua, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicuta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignolini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light management by algal aggregates in living photosynthetic hydrogels.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Forward Genetic Stomatal CO2 Response Screen in Grass Brachypodium distachyon Reveals Central Function of a MAP Kinase in Early Stomatal CO2 Signal Transduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants respond to increased CO2 concentrations through rapid stomatal closure which can contribute to increased water use efficiency. Grasses display faster stomatal responses than eudicots due to dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by subsidiary cells working in opposition. However, forward genetic screening for stomatal CO2 signal transduction mutants in grasses has not been reported. The grass model Brachypodium distachyon is closely related to agronomically important cereal crops, sharing largely collinear genomes. To gain insights into CO2 control mechanisms of stomatal movements in grasses, we developed a forward genetics screen with an EMS-mutagenized Brachypodium distachyon M5 generation population using infrared imaging to identify plants with altered canopy leaf temperature at elevated CO2. Among isolated mutants, a "chill1" mutant exhibited cooler leaf temperatures than wildtype Bd21-3 parent control plants after exposure to increased [CO2]. chill1 plants showed strongly impaired high CO2-induced stomatal closure, despite retaining a robust abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing response. Through bulked segregant whole-genome-sequencing analyses followed by analyses of further backcrossed F4 generation plants and generation and characterization of CRISPR-cas9 mutants, chill1 was mapped to a protein kinase, BdMPK5. The chill1 mutation impaired BdMPK5 protein-mediated CO2/HCO3- sensing in vitro. Furthermore, AlphaFold2-directed structural modeling suggests that the identified BdMPK5-D90N chill1 mutant residue is located at the interface with the HT1 Raf-like kinase. BdMPK5 is a key signaling component involved in CO2-induced stomatal movements, potentially functioning as a component of the CO2 sensor in grasses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, B. N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceciliato, P. H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kernig, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidhom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sibout, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laudencia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Forward Genetic Stomatal CO2 Response Screen in Grass Brachypodium distachyon Reveals Central Function of a MAP Kinase in Early Stomatal CO2 Signal Transduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IL-1B-mediated inflammatory signaling drives ineffective erythropoiesis in early-stage myelodysplastic syndromes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of incurable hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) neoplasms characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and a high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. MDS represent the final stage in a continuum of HSCs genetic and functional alterations and are preceded by a premalignant phase, clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). Dissecting the mechanisms of CCUS maintenance may uncover therapeutic targets to delay or prevent malignant transformation.

Here, we demonstrate that DNMT3A and TET2 mutations, the most frequent mutations in CCUS, induce aberrant HSCs differentiation towards the myeloid lineage at the expense of erythropoiesis by upregulating IL-1{beta}-mediated inflammatory signaling and that canakinumab rescues red blood cell transfusion dependence in early-stage MDS patients with driver mutations in DNMT3A and TET2.

This study illuminates the biological landscape of CCUS and offers an unprecedented opportunity for MDS intervention during its initial phase, when expected survival is prolonged.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adema, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganan-Gomez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Sevilla, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thongon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanagal-Shamanna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loghavi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montalban-Bravo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenzi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Atrash, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clise-Dwyer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Manero, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.560018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IL-1B-mediated inflammatory signaling drives ineffective erythropoiesis in early-stage myelodysplastic syndromes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonists of the stress and opioid systems restore the functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex during alcohol withdrawal through divergent mechanisms. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic alcohol consumption leads to dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation, contributing to persistent use. However, the brain network mechanisms by which the brain orchestrates alcohol withdrawal and how these networks are affected by pharmacological treatments remain elusive. Recent work revealed that alcohol withdrawal produces a widespread increase in coordinated brain activity and a decrease in modularity of the whole-brain functional network using single-cell whole-brain imaging of immediate early genes. This decreased modularity and functional hyperconnectivity are hypothesized to be novel biomarkers of alcohol withdrawal in alcohol dependence, which could potentially be used to evaluate the efficacy of new medications for alcohol use disorder. However, there is no evidence that current FDA-approved medications or experimental treatments known to reduce alcohol drinking in animal models can normalize the changes in whole-brain functional connectivity. In this report, we tested the effect of R121919, a CRF1 antagonist, and naltrexone, an FDA-approved treatment for alcohol use disorder, on whole-brain functional connectivity using the cellular marker FOS combined with graph theory and advanced network analyses. Results show that both R121919 and naltrexone restored the functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex during alcohol withdrawal, but through divergent mechanisms. Specifically, R121919 increased FOS activation in the prefrontal cortex, partially restored modularity, and normalized connectivity, particularly in CRF1-rich regions, including the prefrontal, pallidum, and extended amygdala circuits. On the other hand, naltrexone decreased FOS activation throughout the brain, decreased modularity, and increased connectivity overall except for the Mu opioid receptor-rich regions, including the thalamus. These results identify the brain networks underlying the pharmacological effects of R121919 and naltrexone and demonstrate that these drugs restored different aspects of functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex, pallidum, amygdala, and thalamus during alcohol withdrawal. Notably, these effects were particularly prominent in CRF1-and Mu opioid receptors-rich regions highlighting the potential of whole-brain functional connectivity using FOS as a tool for identifying neuronal network mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of existing and new medications for alcohol use disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Othman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collazo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonists of the stress and opioid systems restore the functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex during alcohol withdrawal through divergent mechanisms.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.559299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient genomes illuminate Eastern Arabian population history and adaptation against malaria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.559299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The harsh climate of Arabia has posed challenges in generating ancient DNA from the region, hindering the direct examination of ancient genomes for understanding the demographic processes that shaped Arabian populations. In this study, we report whole genome sequence data obtained from four Tylos-period individuals from Bahrain. Their genetic ancestry can be modelled as a mixture of sources from ancient Anatolia, Levant and Iran/Caucasus, with variation between individuals suggesting population heterogeneity in Bahrain before the onset of Islam. We identify the G6PD Mediterranean mutation associated with malaria-resistance in three out of four ancient Bahraini samples and estimate that it rose in frequency in Eastern Arabia from 5-6 kya onwards, around the time agriculture appeared in the region. Our study provides the first characterisation of the genetic composition of ancient Arabians, shedding light on the population history of Bahrain and demonstrating the feasibility of aDNA studies in the region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martiniano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almarri, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattiangeli, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuijpers, M. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breslin, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littleton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almahari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aloraifi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durbin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.01.559299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient genomes illuminate Eastern Arabian population history and adaptation against malaria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling stereospecific drug interactions with beta-adrenergic receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beta adrenergic receptors ({beta}ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that control processes as varied as heart rhythm and vascular tone by binding agonists such as norepinephrine to induce downstream signaling pathways. Beta blockers antagonize {beta}ARs to downregulate their activity, thus reducing heart rate and lowering vascular tone. We developed new Rosetta structural modeling protocol to develop state-specific models of {beta}1AR, expressed in cardiac myocytes, as well as {beta}2AR, expressed in the smooth muscle cells of vasculature and other tissues, and their atomistic-scale interactions with beta-blockers using RosettaLigand. We identified structural features of drug - receptor interactions, which may account for their receptor conformational state and drug stereospecific preferences. Furthermore, we estimated structural stabilities of our models using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In our recent study we validated our structural models of norepinephrine-bound {beta}2AR and its complex with stimulatory G protein via multi-microsecond MD simulations. Thus, here we mostly focused on state-dependent and stereospecific {beta}1AR interactions with beta-blocking drugs sotalol and propranolol. We observed expected inactive receptor state preferences and structural stabilities of our models in MD simulations, but neither those simulations nor RosettaLigand docking could clearly distinguish stereospecific preferences of those drugs. This warrants consideration of alternative hypotheses and enhanced sampling MD simulations, which we discussed as well. Nevertheless, our study provides basis for understanding conformational state selectivity and stereospecificity of beta-blockers for {beta}ARs, important pharmacological targets, and may be extended to other drug classes and receptor types.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=157 SRC="FIGDIR/small/560334v1_fig0.gif" ALT="Figure 0">
View larger version (82K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e8a838org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7c2743org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f5ac43org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@100a3d3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Norepinephrine (NE) bound active-state beta-1 adrenergic receptor (1AR) in complex with the stimulatory G protein (Gs) heterotrimer embedded in a lipid bilayer.

When expressed at the plasma membrane, the 1AR is oriented such that the ligand binding pocket (*) is accessible to ligands from the extracellular side (Ex.) of the membrane. The Gs (red), G (blue), and G{gamma} (yellow) subunits comprise the Gs heterotrimer. Nucleotides GDP or GTP bind G at the P-loop (**). Inset: Representative image of NE bound within the orthosteric ligand binding pocket.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dawson, J. R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMarco, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clancy, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarov-Yarovoy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vorobyov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.01.560334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling stereospecific drug interactions with beta-adrenergic receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NanoNERF: A nanoscale NERF blaster replica made of DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We used DNA origami to create NanoNERF, the worlds smallest NERF blaster replica (Figure 1). We based our design on the NERF model Maverick Rev-6, and scaled the dimensions down three million times. NanoNERF is planar and measures [~]100 nm in length, with a length-to-width ratio closely resembling the original toy. Here, we describe the design, prototyping, and validation pipeline used to create the NanoNERF. We also discuss potential applications to motivate the creation of future nanoscale blasters with a firing functionality.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=41 SRC="FIGDIR/small/560388v3_fig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (25K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d7619forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14a16dforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@123b531org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14cb703_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 1:C_FLOATNO A nanoscale replica of the NERF Maverick Rev-6 a) Original NERF Maverick Rev-6 toy, b) rendering of the NanoNERF structure in oxView. Gray lines represent individual DNA strands. NanoNERF length: 100 nm; width of barrel: 35 nm; thickness: 2 nm; c) Scan of a NanoNERF blaster acquired in an Atomic Force Microscope.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takiguchi, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rober, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olvera, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shipley, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wacker, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fantasia, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosuri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.02.560388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NanoNERF: A nanoscale NERF blaster replica made of DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alterations in DNA 5-hydroxymethylation Patterns in the Hippocampus of an Experimental Model of Refractory Epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a type of focal epilepsy characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures originating from the hippocampus. The epigenetic reprogramming hypothesis of epileptogenesis suggests that the development of TLE is associated with alterations in gene transcription changes resulting in a hyperexcitable network in TLE. DNA 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) is an epigenetic mechanism that has been associated with chronic epilepsy. However, the contribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a product of 5-mC demethylation by the Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) family proteins in chronic TLE is poorly understood. 5-hmC is abundant in the brain and acts as a stable epigenetic mark altering gene expression through several mechanisms. Here, we found that the levels of bulk DNA 5-hmC but not 5-mC were significantly reduced in the hippocampus of human TLE patients and in the kainic acid (KA) TLE rat model. Using 5-hmC hMeDIP-sequencing, we characterized 5-hmC distribution across the genome and found bidirectional regulation of 5-hmC at intergenic regions within gene bodies. We found that hypohydroxymethylated 5-hmC intergenic regions were associated with several epilepsy-related genes, including Gal, SV2, and Kcnj11 and hyperdroxymethylation 5-hmC intergenic regions were associated with Gad65, TLR4, and Bdnf gene expression. Mechanistically, Tet1 knockdown in the hippocampus was sufficient to decrease 5-hmC levels and increase seizure susceptibility following KA administration. In contrast, Tet1 overexpression in the hippocampus resulted in increased 5-hmC levels associated with improved seizure resiliency in response to KA. These findings suggest an important role for 5-hmC as an epigenetic regulator of epilepsy that can be manipulated to influence seizure outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bahabry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sint Jago, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ianov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuckey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrish, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ver Hoef, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alterations in DNA 5-hydroxymethylation Patterns in the Hippocampus of an Experimental Model of Refractory Epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual-pathway architecture enables chronic stress to promote habit formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic stress can change how we learn and, thus, how we make decisions. Here we investigated the neuronal circuit mechanisms that enable this. Using a multifaceted systems neuroscience approach in male and female mice, we reveal a dual pathway, amygdala-striatal neuronal circuit architecture by which a recent history of chronic stress disrupts the action-outcome learning underlying adaptive agency and promotes the formation of inflexible habits. We found that the basolateral amygdala projection to the dorsomedial striatum is activated by rewarding events to support the action-outcome learning needed for flexible, goal-directed decision making. Chronic stress attenuates this to disrupt action-outcome learning and, therefore, agency. Conversely, the central amygdala projection to the dorsomedial striatum mediates habit formation. Following stress this pathway is progressively recruited to learning to promote the premature formation of inflexible habits. Thus, stress exerts opposing effects on two amygdala-striatal pathways to disrupt agency and promote habit. These data provide neuronal circuit insights into how chronic stress shapes learning and decision making, and help understand how stress can lead to the disrupted decision making and pathological habits that characterize substance use disorders and mental health conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giovanniello, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiener, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Armenta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oragwam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uwadia, H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nnamdi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehgal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sias, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malvaez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wassum, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual-pathway architecture enables chronic stress to promote habit formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localized synthesis of molecular chaperones sustains neuronal proteostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteostasis is maintained through regulated protein synthesis and degradation and chaperone-assisted protein folding. However, this is challenging in neuronal projections because of their polarized morphology and constant synaptic proteome remodeling. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we discovered that hippocampal and spinal cord motor neurons of mouse and human origin localize a subset of chaperone mRNAs to their dendrites and use microtubule-based transport to increase this asymmetric localization following proteotoxic stress. The most abundant dendritic chaperone mRNA encodes a constitutive heat shock protein 70 family member (HSPA8). Proteotoxic stress also enhanced HSPA8 mRNA translation efficiency in dendrites. Stress-mediated HSPA8 mRNA localization to the dendrites was impaired by depleting fused in sarcoma--an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related protein--in cultured spinal cord mouse motor neurons or by expressing a pathogenic variant of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. These results reveal a crucial and unexpected neuronal stress response in which RNA-binding proteins increase the dendritic localization of HSPA8 mRNA to maintain proteostasis and prevent neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alecki, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizwan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob-Tomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minotti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localized synthesis of molecular chaperones sustains neuronal proteostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of the Diverse Antigenic Landscape of the Malaria Invasion Protein RH5 Identifies a Potent Vaccine-Induced Human Public Antibody Clonotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly conserved and essential Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has emerged as the leading target for vaccines that seek to protect against the disease-causing blood-stage of malaria. However, the features of the human vaccine-induced antibody response that confer highly potent inhibition of malaria parasite invasion into red blood cells are not well defined. Here we characterize over 200 human IgG monoclonal antibodies induced by the most advanced PfRH5 vaccine. We define the antigenic landscape of this molecule, and establish epitope specificity, antibody association rate and intra-PfRH5 antibody interactions are key determinants of functional anti-parasitic potency. In addition, we identify a germline gene combination that results in an exceptionally potent class of antibody and demonstrate its prophylactic potential to protect against P. falciparum parasite challenge in vivo. This comprehensive dataset provides a framework to guide rational design of next-generation vaccines and prophylactic antibodies to protect against blood-stage malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barrett, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pipini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, A. J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinkert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lias, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigby, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleshnick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paterson, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirtley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggins, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnellan, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, L. D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popplewell, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swain, J. d. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotraiah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noe, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacGill, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkett, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soisson, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauffenburger, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilder, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koekemoer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draper, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of the Diverse Antigenic Landscape of the Malaria Invasion Protein RH5 Identifies a Potent Vaccine-Induced Human Public Antibody Clonotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural malaria infection elicits rare but potent neutralizing antibodies to the blood-stage antigen RH5 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum RH5 is the most advanced blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate and is under evaluation for efficacy in endemic regions, emphasizing the need to study the underlying antibody response to RH5 during natural infection. Here, we found that RH5-reactive B cells were rare in malaria-exposed individuals despite repeated infections over multiple years. RH5-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from these individuals were extensively mutated but mostly targeted non-neutralizing epitopes, in contrast to antibodies from RH5-vaccinated, malaria-naive individuals. However, infection-derived MAD8-151 and MAD8-502 were among the most potent neutralizers out of 186 antibodies isolated from both cohorts and target the same epitopes as the most effective vaccine-induced antibodies. Binding to basigin receptor-proximal epitopes was the primary factor governing the potency of RH5-specific antibodies from both natural infection and vaccination, followed by the strength of binding. These results indicate a clear strategy for the development of next-generation RH5 vaccines for use in malaria-endemic regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, A. J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diouf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller-Sienerth, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosnier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purser, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maciuszek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doumbo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doumtabe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayentao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ongoiba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, F. E.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geraghty, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seder, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crompton, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draper, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higgins, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural malaria infection elicits rare but potent neutralizing antibodies to the blood-stage antigen RH5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.560857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chimpanzees and bonobos reinstate an interrupted triadic game 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.560857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When humans engage in joint action, they seem to so with an underlying sense of joint commitment, a feeling of mutual obligation towards their partner and a shared goal. Whether our closest living relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, experience and understand joint commitment in the same way is subject to debate. Crucial evidence concerns how participants respond to interruptions of joint actions, particularly if they protest or attempt to reengage their reluctant or distracted partners. During dyadic interactions, bonobos and chimpanzees appear to have some sense of joint commitment, according to recent studies. Yet, data are inconsistent for triadic games with objects. We addressed this issue by engaging N=23 apes (5 adult chimpanzees, 5 infant bonobos, 13 adult bonobos) in a "tug-of-war" game with a human experimenter who abruptly stopped playing. Adult apes readily attempted to reengage the experimenter (>60% of subjects on first trial), with no group differences in the way of reengagement. Infant bonobos rarely reengaged and never did so on their first trial. Importantly, when infants reengaged passive partners, they mostly deployed (tactile) signals, yet rarely game-related behaviours (GRBs) as commonly observed in adults. These findings might explain negative results of earlier research. Bonobos and chimpanzees may thus have motivational foundations for joint commitment, although this capacity might develop over lifetime. We discuss this finding in relation to evolutionary and developmental theories on joint commitment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heesen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bangerter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuberbuhler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iglesias, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guery, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genty, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.560857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chimpanzees and bonobos reinstate an interrupted triadic game]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.561083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving vocal communication with a ketogenic diet in a mouse model of autism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.561083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDeficits in social communication and language development is a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder currently with no cure. Interventional studies using animal models have been very limited in demonstrating improved vocal communication. Autism has been proposed to involve metabolic dysregulation. Ketogenic diet (KD) is a metabolism-based therapy for medically intractable epilepsy, and its applications in other neurological conditions have been increasingly tested. However, how it would affect vocal communication has not been explored. The BTBR mouse strain is considered a model of idiopathic autism. They display robust deficits in vocalization during social interaction, and have metabolic changes implicated in autism.

MethodsWe investigated the effects of KD on ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in juvenile and adult BTBR mice during male-female social encounters.

ResultsAfter a brief treatment with KD, the amount, spectral bandwidth, and much of the temporal structure of USVs were robustly improved in both juvenile and adult BTBR mice. Composition of call categories and transitioning between individual call subtypes was more effectively improved in juvenile BTBR mice.

LimitationsAlthough sharing certain attributes, mouse vocalization is unlikely to model all aspects in the development and deficits of human language. KD is highly restrictive and can be difficult to administer, especially for many people with autism who have narrow food selections. Side effects and potential influence on development should also be considered. Future studies are required to tease apart the molecular mechanisms of KDs effects on vocalization.

ConclusionsTogether, our data provide further support to the hypothesis that metabolism-based dietary intervention could modify disease expression, including core symptoms, in autism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Möhrle, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rho, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.561083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving vocal communication with a ketogenic diet in a mouse model of autism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.561133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular Calcium Activity at Depth Predicted from Surface Potential Recordings using Ultra-high Density Transparent Graphene Arrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.561133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recording brain activity with high spatial and high temporal resolution across deeper layers of cortex has been a long-sought methodology to study how neural information is coded, stored, and processed by neural circuits and how it leads to cognition and behavior. Electrical and optical neural recording technologies have been the key tools in neurophysiology studies toward a comprehensive understanding of the neural dynamics. The advent of optically transparent neural microelectrodes has facilitated multimodal experiments combining simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from the brain surface with optical imaging and stimulation of neural activity. A remaining challenge is to scale down electrode dimensions to single -cell size and increase the density to record neural activity with high spatial resolution across large areas to capture nonlinear neural dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we developed microfabrication techniques to create transparent graphene microelectrodes with ultra-small openings and a large, completely transparent recording area. We achieved this by using long graphene microwires without any gold extensions in the field of view. To overcome the quantum capacitance limit of graphene and scale down the microelectrode diameter to 20 m, we used Pt nanoparticles. To prevent open circuit failure due to defects and disconnections in long graphene wires, we employed interlayer doped double layer graphene (id-DLG) and demonstrated cm-scale long transparent graphene wires with microscale width and low resistance. Combining these two advances, we fabricated high-density microelectrode arrays up to 256 channels. We conducted multimodal experiments, combining recordings of cortical potentials with high-density transparent arrays with two-photon calcium imaging from layer 1 (L1) and layer 2/3 (L2/3) of the V1 area of mouse visual cortex. High-density recordings showed that the visual evoked responses are more spatially localized for high-frequency bands, particularly for the multi-unit activity (MUA) band. The MUA power was found to be strongly correlated with the cellular calcium activity. Leveraging this strong correlation, we applied dimensionality reduction techniques and neural networks to demonstrate that single-cell (L2/3) and average (L1 and L2/3) calcium activities can be decoded from surface potentials recorded by high-density transparent graphene arrays. Our high-density transparent graphene electrodes, in combination with multimodal experiments and computational methods, could lead to the development of minimally invasive neural interfaces capable of recording neural activity from deeper layers without requiring depth electrodes that cause damage to the tissue. This could potentially improve brain computer interfaces and enable less invasive treatments for neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramezani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alothman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De- Eknamkul, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cubukcu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.561133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular Calcium Activity at Depth Predicted from Surface Potential Recordings using Ultra-high Density Transparent Graphene Arrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LRP1 and p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Collaborate to Trigger Pro-inflammatory Cell-signaling in Response to Extracellular Tau 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.06.561299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Alzheimers Disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule-associated protein Tau forms abnormal intracellular aggregates. The mechanisms by which Tau may promote AD progression remain incompletely understood. Injured and dying neurons release Tau into the extracellular spaces in the CNS. The released Tau may be taken up by receptors in the LDL Receptor gene family, including Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1), which is expressed by microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. This process may be important for clearing Tau from extracellular spaces but may also promote the seeding of Tau aggregates in new cells. Our laboratory has shown that endocytosis of LRP1 ligands is coupled to the activation of cell-signaling and regulation of inflammation. Notably, different LRP1 ligands can induce either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses, depending on the co-receptors that function with LRP1. Here, we demonstrate that in cultured macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, extracellular Tau induces an LRP1-dependent pro-inflammatory response, characterized by NF{kappa}B activation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Unlike other LRP1 ligands that elicit anti-inflammatory responses, the response to Tau occurs independently of the NMDA receptor. When LRP1 is deleted or silenced, macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes do not respond to Tau, whereas when Grin1 is deleted or the NMDA-R is pharmacologically inhibited, the responses remain unchanged. Because we have evidence that LRP1 in microglia expresses anti-inflammatory activity in response to ligands other than Tau, understanding the role of LRP1 in microglia and astrocytes in vivo in Alzheimers Disease and other neuroinflammatory processes is an important future goal.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn Alzheimers Disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule-associated protein Tau forms abnormal intracellular aggregates that contribute to disease progression. When released extracellularly, Tau binds to the transmembrane receptor LRP1, expressed by diverse cells in the CNS. LRP1 has the unique ability to couple ligand uptake with activation of cell-signaling. We demonstrated that Tau binding to LRP1 activates pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, characterized by NF{kappa}B activation and cytokine release. This signaling occurs independently of the NMDA receptor, which distinguishes Tau from other LRP1 ligands. These results define a novel pathway by which extracellular Tau regulates neuroinflammation in Alzheimers Disease, providing new therapeutic opportunities that target LRP1 without interfering with NMDA-R functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mantuano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azmoon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zampieri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonias, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.06.561299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LRP1 and p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Collaborate to Trigger Pro-inflammatory Cell-signaling in Response to Extracellular Tau]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A model of marmoset monkey vocal turn-taking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vocal turn-taking has been described in a diversity of species. Yet a model that captures the various processes underlying this social behavior across species has not been developed. To this end, here we recorded a large and diverse dataset of marmoset monkey vocal behavior in social contexts comprising one, two and three callers and developed a model to determine the keystone factors that affect the dynamics of these natural communicative interactions. While a coupled oscillator model failed to account for turn-taking in marmosets, our model alternatively revealed four key factors that encapsulate much of patterns evident in the behavior, ranging from internal processes, such as the state of the individual, to social context driven suppression of calling. In addition, we show that the same key factors apply to the meerkat, a carnivorous species, in a multicaller setting. These findings indicate that vocal turn-taking is affected by a broader suite of mechanisms than previously considered and that our model provides a predictive framework with which to further explicate this natural behavior in marmosets and for direct comparisons with the analogous behavior in other species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grijseels, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairbank, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.07.561358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A model of marmoset monkey vocal turn-taking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational modeling establishes mechanotransduction as a potent entrainment cue for the mammalian circadian clock 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.09.561563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanotransduction, which is the integration of mechanical signals from the cells external environment to changes in intracellular signaling, governs many cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that the mechanical state of the cell is also coupled to the cellular circadian clock. To investigate possible interactions between circadian rhythms and cellular mechanotransduction, we have developed a computational model that integrates the two pathways. We postulated that the translocation of the transcriptional regulators YAP/TAZ and MRTF into the nucleus leads to altered expression of circadian proteins. Simulations from our model predict that lower levels of cytoskeletal activity are associated with longer circadian oscillation periods and higher oscillation amplitudes, consistent with recent experimental observations. Furthermore, accumulation of YAP/TAZ and MRTF in the nucleus causes circadian oscillations to decay. These effects hold both at the single-cell level and within a population-level framework. Finally, we investigated the effects of mutations in YAP or lamin A, the latter of which lead to a class of diseases known as laminopathies. Oscillations in circadian proteins are substantially weaker in populations of cells with in silico mutations in YAP or lamin A, suggesting that defects in mechanotransduction can disrupt the circadian clock in certain disease states. However, by reducing substrate stiffness, we were able to restore normal oscillatory behavior, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism. Thus our study identifies that mechanotransduction could be a potent modulatory cue for cellular clocks and this crosstalk can be leveraged to rescue the circadian clock in disease states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.09.561563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational modeling establishes mechanotransduction as a potent entrainment cue for the mammalian circadian clock]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Evolved Bacterial Spores as Living Fillers to Facilitate Polymer Disintegration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The field of engineered living materials (ELMs) seeks to pair living organisms with synthetic materials to generate biocomposite materials with augmented function since living systems can provide highly-programmable and complex behavior. ELMs have typically been fabricated using techniques in benign aqueous environments, limiting their application. In this work, biocomposite fabrication was demonstrated in which spores from polymer-degrading bacteria were incorporated into a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using high-temperature melt processing. Bacteria were engineered using adaptive laboratory evolution to improve their heat tolerance to ensure nearly complete cell survivability during manufacturing at 135 {degrees}C. Furthermore, the overall tensile properties of spore-filled TPUs were substantially improved, resulting in a significant improvement in toughness. The biocomposites facilitated disintegration in compost in the absence of a microbe-rich environment. Finally, spores retained a programmed function, expressing green fluorescent protein. This research provides a scalable method to fabricate advanced biocomposite materials in industrially-compatible processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandefer, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smiggs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locklin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokorski, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Evolved Bacterial Spores as Living Fillers to Facilitate Polymer Disintegration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substructure of the brain's Cingulo-Opercular network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Cingulo-Opercular network (CON) is an executive network of the human brain that regulates actions. CON is composed of many widely distributed cortical regions that are involved in top-down control over both lower-level (i.e., motor) and higher-level (i.e., cognitive) functions, as well as in processing of painful stimuli. Given the topographical and functional heterogeneity of the CON, we investigated whether subnetworks within the CON support separable aspects of action control. Using precision functional mapping (PFM) in 15 participants with > 5 hours of resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) and task data, we identified three anatomically and functionally distinct CON subnetworks within each individual. These three distinct subnetworks were linked to Decisions, Actions, and Feedback (including pain processing), respectively, in convergence with a meta-analytic task database. These Decision, Action and Feedback subnetworks represent pathways by which the brain establishes top-down goals, transforms those goals into actions, implemented as movements, and processes critical action feedback such as pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Andrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newbold, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substructure of the brain's Cingulo-Opercular network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FluxNorm: Toolbox for metabolic flux assay normalization by in situ cell counting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.13.562314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plate-based quantitative metabolic flux analysis has emerged as the central technology to examine cellular metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, accurate interpretation of metabolic activity between different experimental conditions in multi-well microplates requires data normalization based on in situ cell counts. Here, we describe FluxNorm, a platform-independent semi-automated computational workflow, validated for three different cell types, to normalize cell density for accurate assessment of cellular bioenergetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Djaja, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.13.562314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FluxNorm: Toolbox for metabolic flux assay normalization by in situ cell counting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenome erosion in Alzheimer's disease brain cells and induced neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Late-onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD) is typically sporadic, correlated only to advanced age, and has no clear genetic risk factors. The sporadic nature of LOAD presents a challenge to understanding its pathogenesis and mechanisms. Here, we comprehensively investigated the epigenome of LOAD primary entorhinal cortex brain tissues via single-cell multi-omics technologies, simultaneously capturing DNA methylation and 3D chromatin conformation. We identified AD-specific DNA methylation signatures and found they interact with bivalent promoters of AD differentially expressed genes. In addition, we discovered global chromosomal epigenome erosion of 3D genome structure within and across brain cell types. Furthermore, to evaluate whether these age- and disease-dependent molecular signatures could be detected in the in vitro cellular models, we derived induced neurons (iNs) converted directly from AD patients fibroblasts and found a set of conserved methylation signatures and shared molecular processes. We developed a machine-learning algorithm to identify robust and consistent methylation signatures of LOAD in vivo primary brain tissues and in vitro fibroblast-derived iNs. The results recapitulate the age- and disease-related epigenetic features in iNs and highlight the power of epigenome and chromatin conformation for identifying molecular mechanisms of neuronal aging and generating biomarkers for LOAD.

HIGHLIGHTO_LIAD-specific DNA methylation signatures are identified in entorhinal cortex brain cell types
C_LIO_LIThe AD differentially expressed genes linked with differentially methylated regions via loop interactions are enriched in a bivalent chromatin state
C_LIO_LIChromosomal epigenome erosion of 3D genome structures occurs in LOAD brain cell types.
C_LIO_LIShared and reliable methylation signatures are observed in both in vitro cellular iN models and primary brain tissues.
C_LIO_LIMachine learning models identify robust and reliable methylation loci as AD biomarkers across cell types.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valadon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claffey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.15.562394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenome erosion in Alzheimer's disease brain cells and induced neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recruitment limitation increases susceptibility to fishing-induced collapse in a spawning aggregation fishery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aggregation-based fisheries are notorious for booms and busts driven by aggregation discovery and subsequent fishing-induced collapse. However, environment-driven sporadic recruitment in some since-protected populations has delayed recovery, suggesting recruitment-limitation may be a key driver of their population dynamics and fishery recovery potential. To glean insight into this dynamic, we focused on an overexploited temperate aggregate spawner (Barred Sand Bass; Paralabrax nebulifer) and leveraged a long-term mark-recapture data set spanning different oceanographic and harvest histories in a custom Bayesian capture-mark-reencounter modeling framework. We coupled this demographic analysis with long-term trends in sea surface temperature, harvest, adult and juvenile densities, and historical accounts in the literature. Our results point to a history of multidecadal windows of fishing opportunity and fishing-induced collapse that were largely driven by sporadic, warm water recruitment events, which may be externally sourced. Nevertheless, we found that environment-driven sporadic recruitment was not a factor impeding recovery following the last collapse, as recruitment remained elevated due to novel, anomalously warm conditions. Despite signs of incipient population recovery, spawning aggregations remain absent, indicating other potential factors (e.g., continued fishing during spawning season, residual Allee effects) have delayed fishery recovery to date. Aggregate spawner populations that are dependent on sporadic recruitment, especially those at their geographic margins, are thus highly susceptible to sudden and potentially extended periods of collapse, making them ill-suited to high CPUE fishing that occurs on spawning grounds. If the goal is to balance the protection of spawning aggregations with long-term fishery sustainability, then limiting aggregation-based fishing during spawning season may be the best insurance policy against collapse and recovery failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mason, E. T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riecke, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellquist, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pondella, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semmens, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recruitment limitation increases susceptibility to fishing-induced collapse in a spawning aggregation fishery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Restoring AIBP deficiency in the retina provides neuroprotection in glaucoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease manifested in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and irreversible blindness. While lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven therapeutic strategy in glaucoma, it is insufficient for preventing disease progression, thus justifying the recent focus on targeting retinal neuroinflammation and preserving RGCs. We have identified apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as the protein regulating several mechanisms of retinal neurodegeneration. AIBP controls excessive cholesterol accumulation via upregulating the cholesterol transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) and reduces inflammatory signaling via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitochondrial dysfunction. ABCA1, TLR4 and oxidative phosphorylation components are genetically linked to primary open-angle glaucoma. Here we demonstrated that AIBP and ABCA1 expression was decreased, while TLR4, interleukin 1 {beta} (IL-1{beta}), and the cholesterol content increased in the retina of patients with glaucoma and in mouse models of glaucoma. Restoring AIBP expression by a single intravitreal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-AIBP protected RGCs in glaucomatous DBA/2J mice, in mice with microbead-induced chronic IOP elevation, and optic nerve crush. In addition, AIBP expression attenuated TLR4 and IL-1{beta} expression, localization of TLR4 to lipid rafts, reduced cholesterol accumulation, and ameliorated visual dysfunction. These studies collectively indicate that restoring AIBP expression in the glaucomatous retina reduces neuroinflammation and protects RGCs and Muller glia, suggesting the therapeutic potential of AAV-AIBP in human glaucoma.

Significance StatementLowering intraocular pressure is insufficient to prevent progressive neuroinflammation, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and vision loss in glaucoma. We show that reduced expression of AIBP is associated with increased markers of neuroinflammation, TLR4 and IL-1{beta}, in human glaucomatous retina and mouse models of glaucoma. Restoring AIBP expression by an intravitreal injection of AAV-AIBP protects RGCs and preserves visual function in mouse models of glaucoma. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that AAV-AIBP disrupts TLR4-lipid raft formation and attenuates phosphorylation of AMPK, ERK1/2 and p38 and expression of TLR4 and IL-1{beta} in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that AIBP-mediated disruption of retinal TLR4-lipid rafts can prevent RGC loss and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of AAV-AIBP in treatment of human glaucoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ju, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinreb, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Restoring AIBP deficiency in the retina provides neuroprotection in glaucoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trophic Efficiency Facilitates Larval Shortbelly Rockfish (Sebastes jordani) Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the factors influencing fish recruitment is critical for fishery management, and failure to do so can have major ecological and economic consequences. Many hypotheses over the past century have been proposed, and the recently postulated Trophic Efficiency in Early Life (TEEL) hypothesis argues that a shorter food chain length can result in more efficient energy transfer from primary producers to young fishes, thereby increasing growth rate and larval condition, reducing early-life mortality and ultimately leading to a stronger recruitment cohort. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the trophic position (TP) through compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino acids, as well as otolith microstructure and stomach content of larval shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani). Results show larval rockfish that ate lower TP prey were both heavier and faster growing. This suggests the trophic characteristics of early life diet are critical to larval survival, and provide evidence in support of the TEEL hypothesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Aderet, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennie, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semmens, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trophic Efficiency Facilitates Larval Shortbelly Rockfish (Sebastes jordani) Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.562961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Resolution Biological and Physical Sampling Reveals Expression of Domoic Acid Biosynthetic Genes at Frontal Zones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.562961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ocean microbes are the foundation of marine food webs, regulating carbon cycling and ecosystem dynamics. How they proliferate, die, move, and interact is regulated by physical, chemical, and biological factors that are dynamic and challenging to quantify in the natural environment. A significant limitation in many marine field studies is the inability to continuously sample the ever-changing ocean environment over space and time. In this study, we integrated spatiotemporal and multi-omic sample collection in an intensive sampling effort of phytoplankton ecology in Monterey Bay, California during the spring of 2021. Sampling methods coupled: (1) manual shipboard CTD sampling, (2) autonomous sampling using a Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (LRAUV) equipped with an Environmental Sampling Processor (ESP), and (3) high-resolution physical measurements by an autonomous vertical profiler (Wirewalker). Sampling occurred as upwelling waned alongside declining domoic acid (DA) and low abundances of toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia. Conditions needed to spark a widespread and toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom were absent, yet low-level DA was driven by similar mechanisms to those causing elevated DA. Three DA biosynthetic intermediate molecules were reported in the environment for the first time. Both shipboard and ESP sampling approaches identified DA biosynthetic gene expression at frontal zones. DA and expression of dabA, the gene encoding the first committed step of DA biosynthesis, were higher in association with recently upwelled water that supplied nutrients for growth and DA biosynthesis. Detection of subtle variations in dab gene expression in response to environmental variation provide a window into the ecological dynamics underpinning major toxic events.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=115 SRC="FIGDIR/small/562961v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (43K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c1f554org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d16b02org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c856e1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bfd248_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thukral, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabines, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preston, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fussy, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ussler, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholin, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.19.562961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Resolution Biological and Physical Sampling Reveals Expression of Domoic Acid Biosynthetic Genes at Frontal Zones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.21.562994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of subregional cerebellar atrophy across epilepsy syndromes: An ENIGMA-Epilepsy study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.21.562994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe intricate neuroanatomical structure of the cerebellum is of longstanding interest in epilepsy, but has been poorly characterized within the current cortico-centric models of this disease. We quantified cross-sectional regional cerebellar lobule volumes using structural MRI in 1,602 adults with epilepsy and 1,022 healthy controls across twenty-two sites from the global ENIGMA-Epilepsy working group.

MethodsA state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach was employed that parcellates the cerebellum into 28 neuroanatomical subregions. Linear mixed models compared total and regional cerebellar volume in i) all epilepsies; ii) temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS); iii) non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE-NL); iv) genetic generalised epilepsy; and (v) extra-temporal focal epilepsy (ETLE). Relationships were examined for cerebellar volume versus age at seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, phenytoin treatment, and cerebral cortical thickness.

ResultsAcross all epilepsies, reduced total cerebellar volume was observed (d=0.42). Maximum volume loss was observed in the corpus medullare (dmax=0.49) and posterior lobe grey matter regions, including bilateral lobules VIIB (dmax= 0.47), Crus I/II (dmax= 0.39), VIIIA (dmax=0.45) and VIIIB (dmax=0.40). Earlier age at seizure onset ({eta}{rho}2max=0.05) and longer epilepsy duration ({eta}{rho}2max=0.06) correlated with reduced volume in these regions. Findings were most pronounced in TLE-HS and ETLE with distinct neuroanatomical profiles observed in the posterior lobe. Phenytoin treatment was associated with reduced posterior lobe volume. Cerebellum volume correlated with cerebral cortical thinning more strongly in the epilepsy cohort than in controls.

SignificanceWe provide robust evidence of deep cerebellar and posterior lobe subregional grey matter volume loss in patients with chronic epilepsy. Volume loss was maximal for posterior subregions implicated in non-motor functions, relative to motor regions of both the anterior and posterior lobe. Associations between cerebral and cerebellar changes, and variability of neuroanatomical profiles across epilepsy syndromes argue for more precise incorporation of cerebellum subregions into neurobiological models of epilepsy.

Key pointsO_LICerebellar involvement in epilepsy is poorly understood within current cortico-centric models of this disease
C_LIO_LIWe used a novel, deep learning segmentation tool to parcellate the cerebellum into 28 anatomical subunits using an international MRI dataset of 1,602 individuals with epilepsy (aged between 18 and 65 years old) including temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS, n=562), TLE non-lesional (TLE-NL, n=284), generalised genetic epilepsy (GGE, n=186) and extra temporal focal epilepsy (ETLE, n=251) and 1,022 controls.
C_LIO_LIAcross all epilepsies (vs. controls) robust changes in the corpus medullare and posterior lobe "non-motor" regions were observed, with maximal differences in bilateral VIIB and Crus II lobules. Lower volume of these regions correlated with longer disease duration. Anterior "motor lobe" regions were relatively spared.
C_LIO_LIFindings were most pronounced in TLE-HS and ETLE groups, with distinct neuroanatomical profiles observed.
C_LIO_LICortical thinning was associated with pronounced cerebellar volume loss in TLE-HS epilepsy, relative to controls.
C_LI

ETHICAL PUBLICATION STATEMENTWe confirm that we have read the Journals position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerestes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivash, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvim, M. K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arienzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aventurato, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballerini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltazar, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargallo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brioschi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bürkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caligiuri, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Tisi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fortunato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambardella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamandi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ives-Deliperi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joao, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascalchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens-Walton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parodi, C. b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual-Diaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebsamen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rüeb</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.21.562994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of subregional cerebellar atrophy across epilepsy syndromes: An ENIGMA-Epilepsy study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of Human Infant Gut Microbiota on Mouse Behavior, Dendritic Complexity, and Myelination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian gut microbiome influences numerous developmental processes. In human infants it has been linked with cognition, social skills, hormonal responses to stress, and brain connectivity. Yet, these associations are not necessarily causal. The present study tested whether two microbial stool communities, common in human infants, affected behavior, myelination, dendritic morphology, and spine density when used to colonize mouse models. Humanized animals were more like specific-pathogen free mice than germ-free mice for most phenotypes, although in males, both humanized groups were less social. Both humanized groups had thinner myelin sheaths in the hippocampus, than did germ-free animals. Humanized animals were similar to each other except for dendritic morphology and spine density where one group had greater dendritic length in the prefrontal cortex, greater dendritic volume in the nucleus accumbens, and greater spine density in both regions, compared to the other. Results add to a body of literature suggesting the gut microbiome impacts brain development.

TeaserFecal transplants from human infants with highly abundant Bifidobacterium, an important inhabitant of the intestinal tract of breastfed newborns, may promote brain connectivity in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DUBEY, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roychoudhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alex, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Best, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azcarate-Peril, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansfield, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knickmeyer, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of Human Infant Gut Microbiota on Mouse Behavior, Dendritic Complexity, and Myelination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZNF397 Loss Triggers TET2-driven Epigenetic Rewiring, Lineage Plasticity, and AR-targeted Therapy Resistance in AR-dependent Cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells exhibit phenotypical plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming, which allows them to evade lineage-dependent targeted treatments by adopting lineage plasticity. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the epigenetic regulatory machinery to acquire lineage plasticity and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. We identified Zinc Finger Protein 397 (ZNF397) as a bona fide co-activator of the androgen receptor (AR), essential for the transcriptional program governing AR-driven luminal lineage. ZNF397 deficiency facilitates the transition of cancer cell from an AR-driven luminal lineage to a Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2)-driven lineage plastic state, ultimately promoting resistance to therapies inhibiting AR signaling. Intriguingly, our findings indicate that TET2 inhibitor can eliminate the AR targeted therapies resistance in ZNF397-deficient tumors. These insights uncover a novel mechanism through which prostate and breast cancers acquire lineage plasticity via epigenetic rewiring and offer promising implications for clinical interventions designed to overcome therapy resistance dictated by lineage plasticity.

Statement of SignificanceThis study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism regulating tumor lineage plasticity and therapy response, enhances understanding of drug resistance and unveils a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer and other malignancies. Our findings also illuminate TET2s oncogenic role and mechanistically connect TET2-driven epigenetic rewiring to lineage plasticity and therapy resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sjostrom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonhson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainwright, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofstad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raj, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arteaga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZNF397 Loss Triggers TET2-driven Epigenetic Rewiring, Lineage Plasticity, and AR-targeted Therapy Resistance in AR-dependent Cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.563839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of neural circuits for social motion perception in schooling fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.563839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many animals move in groups, where collective behavior emerges from the interactions amongst individuals. These social interactions produce the coordinated movements of bird flocks and fish schools, but little is known about their developmental emergence and neurobiological foundations. By characterizing the visually-based schooling behavior of the micro glassfish Danionella cerebrum, here we found that social development progresses sequentially, with animals first acquiring the ability to aggregate, followed by postural alignment with social partners. This social maturation was accompanied by the development of neural populations in the midbrain and forebrain that were preferentially driven by visual stimuli that resemble the shape and movements of schooling fish. The development of these neural circuits enables the social coordination required for collective movement.

One-Sentence SummaryThe collective behavior of schooling fish emerges with the development of neural populations selective to social motion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zada, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarabishi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napoli, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovett-Barron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.25.563839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of neural circuits for social motion perception in schooling fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Regulates Histone Acetylation and Transcriptional Regulation in the Ethylene Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ethylene plays its essential roles in plant development, growth, and defense responses by controlling the transcriptional reprograming, in which EIN2-C-directed regulation of histone acetylation is the first key-step for chromatin to perceive ethylene signaling. But how the nuclear acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) is produced to ensure the ethylene-mediated histone acetylation is unknown. Here we report that ethylene triggers the accumulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in the nucleus to synthesize nuclear acetyl CoA to regulate ethylene response. PDC is identified as an EIN2-C nuclear partner, and ethylene triggers its nuclear accumulation. Mutations in PDC lead to an ethylene-hyposensitivity that results from the reduction of histone acetylation and transcription activation. Enzymatically active nuclear PDC synthesize nuclear acetyl CoA for EIN2-C-directed histone acetylation and transcription regulation. These findings uncover a mechanism by which PDC-EIN2 converges the mitochondrial enzyme mediated nuclear acetyl CoA synthesis with epigenetic and transcriptional regulation for plant hormone response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmonte, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotla, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.25.564010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Regulates Histone Acetylation and Transcriptional Regulation in the Ethylene Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early antiviral CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are associated with upper respiratory tract clearance of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells are involved in protective immunity against numerous viral infections. Data regarding functional roles of human T cells in SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) viral clearance in primary COVID-19 are limited. To address this knowledge gap, samples were assessed for associations between SARS2 upper respiratory tract viral RNA levels and early virus-specific adaptive immune responses for 95 unvaccinated clinical trial participants with acute primary COVID-19 aged 18-86 years old, approximately half of whom were considered high risk for progression to severe COVID-19. Functionality and magnitude of acute SARS2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were evaluated, in addition to antibody responses. Most individuals with acute COVID-19 developed SARS2-specific T cell responses within 6 days of COVID-19 symptom onset. Early CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell responses were polyfunctional, and both strongly associated with reduced upper respiratory tract SARS2 viral RNA, independent of neutralizing antibody titers. Overall, these findings provide evidence for protective roles for circulating SARS2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells during acute COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraji, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaps, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eron, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohl, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currier, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daar, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greninger, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klekotka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.25.564014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early antiviral CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are associated with upper respiratory tract clearance of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A glycolytic metabolite restores DNA repair activity of polynucleotide kinase 3-phosphatase in polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) are the two most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative diseases, caused by CAG (encoding glutamine) repeat expansion in the coding region of the huntingtin (HTT) and ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins, respectively. We have earlier reported that the activity, but not the protein level, of an essential DNA repair enzyme, polynucleotide kinase 3-phosphatase (PNKP), is severely abrogated in both HD and SCA3 resulting in accumulation of double-strand breaks in patients brain genome. While investigating the mechanistic basis for the loss of PNKP activity and accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks leading to neuronal death, we observed that PNKP interacts with the nuclear isoform of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Depletion of PFKFB3 markedly abrogates PNKP activity without changing its protein level. Notably, the levels of both PFKFB3 and its product fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are significantly lower in the nuclear extracts of post-mortem brain tissues of HD and SCA3 patients. Supplementation of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts of patients brain. Moreover, intracellular delivery of F2,6BP restored both the activity of PNKP and the integrity of transcribed genome in neuronal cells derived from striatum of HD mouse. Importantly, supplementing F2,6BP rescued the HD phenotype in Drosophila, suggesting F2,6BP to serve in vivo as a cofactor for the proper functionality of PNKP and thereby, of brain health. Our results thus provide a compelling rationale for exploring the therapeutic use of F2,6BP and structurally related compounds for treating polyQ diseases.

SignificanceTo unravel the biological basis for the loss of PNKP activity in HD and SCA3, the two most prevalent polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorders, we analyzed PNKP interactome and found that the nuclear isoform of a glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 associated with PNKP and other repair proteins forming a multiprotein complex. Surprisingly, we found that PFKFB3 and its biosynthetic product, F2,6BP are significantly low in the affected region of patients brain. Exogenous addition of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in patients brain nuclear extract. Moreover, supplementing F2,6BP in HD cells and fruit flies restored genome integrity and rescued the disease symptoms. While there is no curative therapy for HD/SCA3, except symptom management, our discovery suggests that F2,6BP supplementation would be a promising therapeutic option.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>CHAKRABORTY, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosca, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A glycolytic metabolite restores DNA repair activity of polynucleotide kinase 3-phosphatase in polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomics reveals the deep ocean as an accelerator for evolutionary diversification in anglerfishes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colonization of a novel habitat is often followed by radiation in the wake of ecological opportunity. Alternatively, some habitats should be inherently more constraining than others if the challenges of that environment have few evolutionary solutions. We examined the push-and-pull of these factors on evolution following habitat transitions, using anglerfishes (Lophiiformes) as a model. Deep-sea fishes are notoriously difficult to study, and poor sampling has limited progress thus far. Here we present a new phylogeny of anglerfishes with unprecedented taxonomic sampling (1,092 loci and 40% of species), combined with three-dimensional phenotypic data from museum specimens obtained with micro-CT scanning. We use these datasets to examine the tempo and mode of phenotypic and lineage diversification using phylogenetic comparative methods, comparing lineages in shallow and deep benthic versus bathypelagic habitats. Our results show that anglerfishes represent a surprising case where the bathypelagic lineage has greater taxonomic and phenotypic diversity than coastal benthic relatives. This defies expectations based on ecological principles since the bathypelagic zone is the most homogeneous habitat on Earth. Deep-sea anglerfishes experienced rapid lineage diversification concomitant with colonization of the bathypelagic zone from a continental slope ancestor. They display the highest body, skull and jaw shape disparity across lophiiforms. In contrast, reef-associated taxa show strong constraints on shape and low evolutionary rates, contradicting patterns suggested by other shallow marine fishes. We found that Lophiiformes as a whole evolved under an early burst model with subclades occupying distinct body shapes. We further discuss to what extent the bathypelagic clade is a secondary adaptive radiation, or if its diversity can be explained by non-adaptive processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faucher, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rincon-Sandoval, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santaquiteria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldwin, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancur-R, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tornabene, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomics reveals the deep ocean as an accelerator for evolutionary diversification in anglerfishes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Medial temporal lobe functional network architecture supports sleep-related emotional memory processing in older adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory consolidation occurs via reactivation of a hippocampal index during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep (NREM SWS) which binds attributes of an experience existing within cortical modules. For memories containing emotional content, hippocampal-amygdala dynamics facilitate consolidation over a sleep bout. This study tested if modularity and centrality--graph theoretical measures that index the level of segregation/integration in a system and the relative import of its nodes--map onto central tenets of memory consolidation theory and sleep-related processing. Findings indicate that greater network integration is tied to overnight emotional memory retention via NREM SWS expression. Greater hippocampal and amygdala influence over network organization supports emotional memory retention, and hippocampal or amygdala control over information flow are differentially associated with distinct stages of memory processing. These centrality measures are also tied to the local expression and coupling of key sleep oscillations tied to sleep-dependent memory consolidation. These findings suggest that measures of intrinsic network connectivity may predict the capacity of brain functional networks to acquire, consolidate, and retrieve emotional memories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chappel-Farley, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betzel, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janecek, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattari, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berisha, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meza, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niknazar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neikrug, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benca, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yassa, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mander, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Medial temporal lobe functional network architecture supports sleep-related emotional memory processing in older adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion, and drug screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.29.564523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain organoids offer unprecedented insights into brain development and disease modeling and hold promise for drug screening. Significant hindrances, however, are morphological and cellular heterogeneity, inter-organoid size differences, cellular stress, and poor reproducibility. Here, we describe a method that reproducibly generates thousands of organoids across multiple iPSC lines. These High Quantity brain organoids (Hi-Q brain organoids) exhibit reproducible cytoarchitecture, cell diversity, and functionality, are free from ectopically active cellular stress pathways, and allow cryopreservation and re-culturing. Using patient-derived Hi-Q brain organoids, we recapitulated distinct forms of microcephaly pathogenesis: primary microcephaly due to a mutation in centrosomal CDK5RAP2 and progeria-associated microcephaly in Cockayne syndrome. When modeling glioma invasion, hi-Q brain organoids displayed a similar invasion pattern for a given patient-derived glioma cell line. This enabled a medium-throughput screen to identify Selumetinib and Fulvestrant, which also perturbed glioma invasion in vivo. Thus, the Hi-Q approach can easily be adapted to reliably harness brain organoids utility for personalized disease modeling and drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerkau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinchure, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothenaigner, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altinisk, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rathinam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirsaidi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goureau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricci-Vitiani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Q. d'alessandris, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pallini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollnik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurisch-Yaksi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busskamp, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.29.564523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reliability of high-quantity human brain organoids for modeling microcephaly, glioma invasion, and drug screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Neanderthal Origin of Genetic Variants Associated with Asthma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While genome-wide association studies have implicated a number asthma-associated genes, whether the disease-linked variants originate from ancient genomes has not been explored. Here we show that of the 51 asthma-associated loci that we surveyed, 39 carry variants that were derived in the Neanderthal lineage. The shared sequences suggest that some asthma variants may have originated from the Neanderthal genome after admixture and subsequent introgression into the Eurasian population. Of note, one variant, rs4742170, previously linked to asthma and childhood wheezing, was shown in a recent study to disrupt glucocorticoid receptor binding to a putative IL33 enhancer, and elevate enhancer activity of this key asthma gene. Further analysis of the IL33-associated variant in publicly available single nucleus ATACseq data of the human lung addressed its localization in open chromatin, providing an additional approach to screen for variants that may impact the expression of asthma-associated genes. Together, these findings suggest a possible Neanderthal origin of genetic variants associated with asthma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Day, A. S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Neanderthal Origin of Genetic Variants Associated with Asthma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Phenotyping of Sleep in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal behavior depends on internal state. While subtle movements can signify significant changes in internal state, computational methods for analyzing these "microbehaviors" are lacking. Here, we present FlyVISTA, a machine-learning platform to characterize microbehaviors in freely-moving flies, which we use to perform deep phenotyping of sleep. This platform comprises a high-resolution closed-loop video imaging system, coupled with a deep-learning network to annotate 35 body parts, and a computational pipeline to extract behaviors from high-dimensional data. FlyVISTA reveals the distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of sleep-associated microbehaviors in flies. We further show that stimulation of dorsal fan-shaped body neurons induces micromovements, not sleep, whereas activating R5 ring neurons triggers rhythmic proboscis extension followed by persistent sleep. Importantly, we identify a novel microbehavior ("haltere switch") exclusively seen during quiescence that indicates a deeper sleep stage. These findings enable the rigorous analysis of sleep in Drosophila and set the stage for computational analyses of microbehaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keles, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapcı, A. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tastan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Phenotyping of Sleep in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable gradients enable Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling for phylodynamic inference under episodic birth-death-sampling models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Birth-death models play a key role in phylodynamic analysis for their interpretation in terms of key epidemiological parameters. In particular, models with piecewiseconstant rates varying at different epochs in time, to which we refer as episodic birthdeath-sampling (EBDS) models, are valuable for their reflection of changing transmission dynamics over time. A challenge, however, that persists with current time-varying model inference procedures is their lack of computational efficiency. This limitation hinders the full utilization of these models in large-scale phylodynamic analyses, especially when dealing with high-dimensional parameter vectors that exhibit strong correlations. We present here a linear-time algorithm to compute the gradient of the birth-death model sampling density with respect to all time-varying parameters, and we implement this algorithm within a gradient-based Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) sampler to alleviate the computational burden of conducting inference under a wide variety of structures of, as well as priors for, EBDS processes. We assess this approach using three different real world data examples, including the HIV epidemic in Odesa, Ukraine, seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus dynamics in New York state, America, and Ebola outbreak in West Africa. HMC sampling exhibits a substantial efficiency boost, delivering a 10to 200-fold increase in minimum effective sample size per unit-time, in comparison to a Metropolis-Hastings-based approach. Additionally, we show the robustness of our implementation in both allowing for flexible prior choices and in modeling the transmission dynamics of various pathogens by accurately capturing the changing trend of viral effective reproductive number.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasylyeva, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suchard, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.564882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable gradients enable Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling for phylodynamic inference under episodic birth-death-sampling models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Activation Mechanisms of CXCR4 and ACKR3 Revealed by Single-Molecule Analysis of their Conformational Landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The canonical chemokine receptor CXCR4 and atypical receptor ACKR3 both respond to CXCL12 but induce different effector responses to regulate cell migration. While CXCR4 couples to G proteins and directly promotes cell migration, ACKR3 is G protein-independent and scavenges CXCL12 to regulate extracellular chemokine levels and maintain CXCR4 responsiveness, thereby indirectly influencing migration. The receptors also have distinct activation requirements. CXCR4 only responds to wild-type CXCL12 and is sensitive to mutation of the chemokine. By contrast, ACKR3 recruits GPCR kinases (GRKs) and {beta}-arrestins and promiscuously responds to CXCL12, CXCL12 variants, other peptides and proteins, and is relatively insensitive to mutation. To investigate the role of conformational dynamics in the distinct pharmacological behaviors of CXCR4 and ACKR3, we employed single-molecule FRET to track discrete conformational states of the receptors in real-time. The data revealed that apo-CXCR4 preferentially populates a high-FRET inactive state, while apo-ACKR3 shows little conformational preference and high transition probabilities among multiple inactive, intermediate and active conformations, consistent with its propensity for activation. Multiple active-like ACKR3 conformations are populated in response to agonists, compared to the single CXCR4 active-state. This and the markedly different conformational landscapes of the receptors suggest that activation of ACKR3 may be achieved by a broader distribution of conformational states than CXCR4. Much of the conformational heterogeneity of ACKR3 is linked to a single residue that differs between ACKR3 and CXCR4. The dynamic properties of ACKR3 may underly its inability to form productive interactions with G proteins that would drive canonical GPCR signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schafer, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauszek, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.564925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Activation Mechanisms of CXCR4 and ACKR3 Revealed by Single-Molecule Analysis of their Conformational Landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 regulates the hypoxic HBV transcriptome. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.564956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic hepatitis B is a global health problem and current treatments only suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, highlighting the need for new curative treatments. Oxygen levels influence HBV replication and we previously reported that hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) activate the basal core promoter to transcribe pre-genomic RNA. Application of a probe-enriched long-read sequencing method to map the HBV transcriptome showed an increased abundance of all viral RNAs under low oxygen or hypoxic conditions. Importantly, the hypoxic-associated increase in HBV transcripts was dependent on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications and an m6A DRACH motif in the 5 stem loop of pre-genomic RNA defined transcript half-life under hypoxic conditions. Given the essential role of m6A modifications in the viral transcriptome we assessed the oxygen-dependent expression of RNA demethylases and bio-informatic analysis of published single cell RNA-seq of murine liver showed an increased expression of the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 in the peri-central low oxygen region. In vitro studies with a human hepatocyte derived HepG2 cell line showed increased ALKBH5 gene expression under hypoxic conditions. Silencing the demethylase reduced the levels of HBV pre-genomic RNA and host gene (CA9, NDRG1, VEGFA, BNIP3, FUT11, GAP and P4HA1) transcripts and this was mediated via reduced HIF expression. In summary, our study highlights a previously unrecognized role for ALKBH5 in orchestrating viral and cellular transcriptional responses to low oxygen.

Author SummaryOxygen levels influence HBV replication and hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) activate HBV transcription. Long-read sequencing and mapping the HBV transcriptome showed an increased abundance of all viral RNAs under hypoxic conditions that was dependent on N6-methyladenosine modifications. Investigating the oxygen-dependent expression of RNA demethylases identified ALKBH5 as a hypoxic activated gene and silencing its expression showed a key role in regulating HBV and host gene expression under hypoxic conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsukuda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balfe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddiqui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKeating, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.564956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 regulates the hypoxic HBV transcriptome.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant splicing in Huntington's disease via disrupted TDP-43 activity accompanied by altered m6A RNA modification. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the HTT gene encoding huntingtin. Prior reports have established a correlation between CAG expanded HTT and altered gene expression. However, the mechanisms leading to disruption of RNA processing in HD remain unclear. Here, our analysis of the reported HTT protein interactome identifies interactions with known RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Total, long-read sequencing and targeted RASL-seq of RNAs from cortex and striatum of the HD mouse model R6/2 reveals increased exon skipping which is confirmed in Q150 and Q175 knock-in mice and in HD human brain. We identify the RBP TDP-43 and the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer protein methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) to be upstream regulators of exon skipping in HD. Along with this novel mechanistic insight, we observe decreased nuclear localization of TDP-43 and cytoplasmic accumulation of phosphorylated TDP-43 in HD mice and human brain. In addition, TDP-43 co-localizes with HTT in human HD brain forming novel nuclear aggregate-like bodies distinct from mutant HTT inclusions or previously observed TDP-43 pathologies. Binding of TDP-43 onto RNAs encoding HD-associated differentially expressed and aberrantly spliced genes is decreased. Finally, m6A RNA modification is reduced on RNAs abnormally expressed in striatum from HD R6/2 mouse brain, including at clustered sites adjacent to TDP-43 binding sites. Our evidence supports TDP-43 loss of function coupled with altered m6A modification as a novel mechanism underlying alternative splicing/unannotated exon usage in HD and highlights the critical nature of TDP-43 function across multiple neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miramontes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chillon-Marinas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maimon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClure, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>England, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocksdale, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKnight, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faull, R. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reidling, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagier-Tourenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitale, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant splicing in Huntington's disease via disrupted TDP-43 activity accompanied by altered m6A RNA modification.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resting state global brain activity induces bias in fMRI motion estimates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.565023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head motion is a significant source of artifacts in resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) studies and has been shown to affect resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) measurements. In many rsfMRI studies, motion parameters estimated from volume registration are used to characterize head motion and to mitigate motion artifacts in rsfMRI data. While prior task-based fMRI studies have shown that task-evoked brain activations may induce temporally correlated bias in the motion estimates, resulting in artificial activations after registration, relatively little is known about neural-related bias in rsfMRI motion parameters. In this study, we demonstrate that neural-related bias exists in rsfMRI motion estimates and characterize the potential effects of the bias on rsFC estimates. Using a public multi-echo rsfMRI dataset, we use the differences between motion estimates from the first echo and second echo data as a measure of neural-induced bias. We show that the resting-state global activity of the brain, as characterized with the global signal (GS), induces bias in the motion estimates in the y- and z-translational axes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the GS-related bias reflects superior-inferior and anterior-posterior asymmetries in the GS beta coefficient map. Finally, we demonstrate that regression with biased motion estimates can negatively bias rsFC estimates and also reduce rsFC differences between young and old subjects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.31.565023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resting state global brain activity induces bias in fMRI motion estimates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TPXL-1 Activates Aurora A to Clear Contractile Ring Components from the Polar Cortex During Cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cytokinesis, a signal from the bundled microtubules that form between the separating anaphase chromosomes promotes the accumulation of contractile ring components at the cell equator, while a signal from the centrosomal microtubule asters inhibits accumulation of contractile ring components at the cell poles. However, the molecular identity of the inhibitory signal has remained unknown. To identify molecular components of the aster-based inhibitory signal, we developed a means to monitor the removal of contractile ring proteins from the polar cortex after anaphase onset. Using this assay, we show that polar clearing is an active process that requires activation of Aurora A kinase by TPXL-1. TPXL-1 concentrates on astral microtubules coincident with polar clearing in anaphase, and its ability to recruit Aurora A and activate its kinase activity are essential for clearing. In summary, our data identify Aurora A kinase as an aster-based inhibitory signal that restricts contractile ring components to the cell equator during cytokinesis.nnSUMMARYDuring cytokinesis, centrosomal asters inhibit cortical contractility at the cell poles. Mangal et al. provide molecular insight into this phenomenon, showing that TPXL-1, which localizes to astral microtubules, activates Aurora A kinase to clear contractile ring proteins from the polar cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mangal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sacher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motegi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/202895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TPXL-1 Activates Aurora A to Clear Contractile Ring Components from the Polar Cortex During Cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural environments feature mixtures of odorants of diverse quantities, qualities and complexities. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are the first layer in the sensory pathway and transmit the olfactory signal to higher regions of the brain. Yet, the response of ORNs to mixtures is strongly non-additive, and exhibits antagonistic interactions among odorants. Here, we model the processing of mixtures by mammalian ORNs, focusing on the role of inhibitory mechanisms. Theoretically predicted response curves capture experimentally determined glomerular responses imaged by a calcium indicator expressed in ORNs of live, breathing mice. Antagonism leads to an effective "normalization" of the ensemble glomerular response, which arises from a novel mechanism involving the distinct statistical properties of receptor binding and activation, without any recurrent neuronal circuitry. Normalization allows our encoding model to outperform noninteracting models in odor discrimination tasks, and to explain several psychophysical experiments in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reddy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/204354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonism in olfactory receptor neurons and its implications for the perception of odor mixtures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple, consistent estimator of heritability for genome-wide association studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/204446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is characterized by a large number of univariate regressions where an outcome, a quantitative trait, is regressed on hundreds of thousands to millions of genomic markers, i.e. single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) counts, one marker at a time. Assuming a linear model linking the markers to the outcome, this article proposes an estimator of the heritability of the trait, defined here as the fraction of the variance of the trait explained by the genomic markers in the study. The estimator, called GWAS heritability (GWASH) estimator, is easy to compute, highly interpretable, and is consistent as the number of markers and the sample size increase. More importantly, it can be computed from summary statistics typically reported in GWAS, not requiring access to the original data. The estimator takes full account of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) or correlation between the SNPs in the study through moments of the LD matrix, estimable from auxiliary datasets. Unlike other proposed estimators in the literature, the precision of the estimate is obtainable analytically, allowing for power and sample size calculations for heritability estimates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schork, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zablocki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/204446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple, consistent estimator of heritability for genome-wide association studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/205740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Juicebox.js provides a cloud-based visualization system for Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/205740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contact mapping experiments such as Hi-C explore how genomes fold in 3D. Here, we introduce Juicebox.js, a cloud-based web application for exploring the resulting datasets. Like the original Juicebox application, Juicebox.js allows users to zoom in and out of such datasets using an interface similar to Google Earth. Furthermore, Juicebox.js encodes the exact state of the browser in a shareable URL. Creating a public browser for a new Hi-C dataset does not require coding and can be accomplished in under a minute.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorvaldsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/205740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Juicebox.js provides a cloud-based visualization system for Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/205930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative Brain Size Variation and the Remodeling of Brain Shape in Humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/205930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolutionary and developmental increases in primate brain size have been accompanied by systematic shifts in the proportionality of different primate brain systems. However, it remains unknown if and how brain patterning varies across the more than 2-fold inter-individual variation in brain size that occurs amongst typically-developing humans. Using in vivo neuroimaging data from 2 independent cohorts totaling nearly 3000 individuals, we find that larger-brained humans show preferential areal expansion within specific fronto-parietal cortical networks (default mode, dorsal attentional) and related subcortical regions, at the expense of primary sensory/motor systems. This targeted areal expansion recapitulates cortical remodeling across evolution, manifests by early childhood and is linked to molecular signatures of heightened metabolic cost. Our results define a new organizing principle in human brain patterning which governs the highly-coordinated remodeling of human brain shape as a function of naturally-occurring variations in brain size.nnOne Sentence SummaryA hodologically and metabolically expensive brain network is preferentially expanded in larger-brained humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reardon, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandekar, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Bloch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidlitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clasen, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenthal, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giedd, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerch, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinohara, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raznahan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/205930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative Brain Size Variation and the Remodeling of Brain Shape in Humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning-induced sequence reactivation during sharp-wave ripples: a computational study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/207894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During sleep, memories formed during the day are consolidated in a dialogue between cortex and hippocampus. The reactivation of specific neural activity patterns - replay - during sleep has been observed in both structures and is hypothesized to represent a neuronal substrate of consolidation. In the hippocampus, replay happens during sharp wave - ripples (SWR), short bouts of excitatory activity in area CA3 which induce high frequency oscillations in area CA1. In particular, recordings of hippocampal cells which spike at a specific location ( place cells) show that recently learned trajectories are reactivated during SWR in the following sleep SWR. Despite the importance of sleep replay, its underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood.nnWe developed a model of SWR activity, to study the effects of learning-induced synaptic changes on spontaneous sequence reactivation during SWR. The model implemented a paradigm including three epochs: Pre-sleep, learning and Post-sleep activity. We first tested the effects of learning on the hippocampal network activity through changes in a minimal number of synapses connecting selected pyramidal cells. We then introduced an explicit trajectory-learning task to the model, to obtain behavior-induced synaptic changes. The model revealed that the recently learned trajectory reactivates during sleep more often than other trajectories in the training field. The study predicts that the gain of reactivation rate during sleep following vs sleep preceding learning for a trained sequence of pyramidal cells depends on Pre-sleep activation of the same sequence, and on the amount of trajectory repetitions included in the training phase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malerba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/207894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning-induced sequence reactivation during sharp-wave ripples: a computational study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline determinants of the somatic mutation landscape in 2,642 cancer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/208330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers develop through somatic mutagenesis, however germline genetic variation can markedly contribute to tumorigenesis via diverse mechanisms. We discovered and phased 88 million germline single nucleotide variants, short insertions/deletions, and large structural variants in whole genomes from 2,642 cancer patients, and employed this genomic resource to study genetic determinants of somatic mutagenesis across 39 cancer types. Our analyses implicate damaging germline variants in a variety of cancer predisposition and DNA damage response genes with specific somatic mutation patterns. Mutations in the MBD4 DNA glycosylase gene showed association with elevated C>T mutagenesis at CpG dinucleotides, a ubiquitous mutational process acting across tissues. Analysis of somatic structural variation exposed complex rearrangement patterns, involving cycles of templated insertions and tandem duplications, in BRCA1-deficient tumours. Genome-wide association analysis implicated common genetic variation at the APOBEC3 gene cluster with reduced basal levels of somatic mutagenesis attributable to APOBEC cytidine deaminases across cancer types. We further inferred over a hundred polymorphic L1/LINE elements with somatic retrotransposition activity in cancer. Our study highlights the major impact of rare and common germline variants on mutational landscapes in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waszak, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rausch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muyas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Martin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabionet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yakneen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escaramis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demidov, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitkanen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaneau, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heredia-Genestar, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weischenfeldt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shringarpure, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drechsel, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dursi, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segre, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habermann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khurana, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cafferkey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaltonen, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Ortega, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruzos, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchhalter, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiBiase,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/208330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline determinants of the somatic mutation landscape in 2,642 cancer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) processing in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture occurs by high-affinity low-velocity and low-affinity high-velocity AAF metabolite-forming systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) is a procarcinogen used widely in physiological investigations of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Its metabolic pathways have been described extensively, yet little is known about its biochemical processing, growth cycle expression and pharmacological properties inside living hepatocytes - the principal cellular targets of this hepatocarcinogen. In this report, primary monolayer adult rat hepatocyte cultures and high specific-activity [ring G-3H]-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene were used to extend previous observations of metabolic activation of AAF by highly differentiated, proliferation-competent hepatocytes in long-term cultures. AAF metabolism proceeded by zero-order kinetics. Hepatocytes processed significant amounts of procarcinogen ({approx}12 g AAF/106 cells/day). Five ring-hydroxylated and one deacylated species of AAF were secreted into the culture media. Extracellular metabolite levels varied during the growth cycle (days 0-13), but their rank quantitative order was time invariant: 5-OH-AAF > 7-OH-AAF > 3-OH-AAF > N-OH-AAF > aminofluorene (AF) > 1-OH-AAF. Lineweaver-Burk analyses revealed two principal classes of metabolism: System I (high-affinity and low-velocity), Km[APPARENT] = 1.64 x 10-7 M and VMAX[APPARENT] = 0.1 nmols/106 cells/day; and, System II (low-affinity and high-velocity), Km[APPARENT] = 3.25 x 10-5 M and VMAX[APPARENT] = 1000 nmols/106 cells/day. A third system of metabolism of AAF to AF, with Km[APPARENT] and VMAX[APPARENT] constants of 9.6 x 10-5 M and 4.7 nmols/106 cells/day, was also observed. Evidence provided in this report and its companion paper suggests selective roles and intracellular locations for System I- and System II-mediated AAF metabolite formation during hepatocarcinogenesis, although some of the molecules and mechanisms responsible for multi-system processing remain to be fully defined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shier, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leffert, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) processing in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture occurs by high-affinity low-velocity and low-affinity high-velocity AAF metabolite-forming systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-affinity low-capacity and low-affinity high-capacity N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) macromolecular binding sites are revealed during the growth cycle of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-term cultures of primary adult rat hepatocytes were used to study the effects of N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) on hepatocyte proliferation during the growth cycle; on the initiation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis in quiescent cultures; and, on hepatocyte DNA replication following the initiation of DNA synthesis. Scatchard analyses were used to identify the pharmacologic properties of radiolabeled AAF metabolite binding to hepatocyte macromolecules. Two classes of growth cycle-dependent AAF metabolite binding sites - a high-affinity low-capacity site (designated Site I) and a low-affinity high-capacity site (designated Site II) - associated with two spatially distinct classes of macromolecular targets, were revealed. Based upon radiolabeled AAF metabolite binding to purified hepatocyte genomic DNA or to DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids from isolated nuclei, Site IDAY 4 targets (KD[APPARENT] {approx} 2-4 x 10-6 M and BMAX[APPARENT] {approx} 6 pmols/106 cells/24 h) were consistent with genomic DNA; and with AAF metabolized by a nuclear cytochrome P450. Based upon radiolabeled AAF binding to total cellular lysates, Site IIDAY 4 targets (KD[APPARENT] {approx} 1.5 x 10-3 M and BMAX[APPARENT] {approx} 350 pmols/106 cells/24 h) were consistent with cytoplasmic proteins; and with AAF metabolized by cytoplasmic cytochrome P450s. DNA synthesis was not inhibited by concentrations of AAF that saturated DNA binding in the neighborhood of the Site I KD. Instead, hepatocyte DNA synthesis inhibition required higher concentrations of AAF approaching the Site II KD. These observations raise the possibility that carcinogenic DNA adducts derived from AAF metabolites form below concentrations of AAF that inhibit replicative and repair DNA synthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shier, W. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leffert, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-affinity low-capacity and low-affinity high-capacity N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) macromolecular binding sites are revealed during the growth cycle of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear Abl Drives Extracellular-Vesicle Transfer of miR-34c to Induce Bystander Effects of Radiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/209767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYIonizing radiation stimulates nuclear accumulation of Abl tyrosine kinase that is required for directly irradiated cells to produce microRNA-34c-containing extracellular vesicles, which transfer the microRNA into non-irradiated cells to induce reactive oxygen species and bystander DNA damage.nnABSTRACTIonizing radiation (IR) activates an array of DNA damage response (DDR) that includes the induction of bystander effects (BE) in cells not targeted by radiation. How DDR pathways in irradiated cells stimulate BE in non-targeted cells is mostly unknown. We show here that extracellular vesicles from irradiated cells (EV-IR) induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage when internalized by un-irradiated cells. We found that EV-IR from Abl-NLS-mutated cells could not induce ROS or DNA damage, and restoration of nuclear Abl rescued those defects. Expanding a previous finding that Abl stimulates miR-34c expression, we show here that nuclear Abl also drives the vesicular secretion of miR-34c. Ectopic miR-34c expression, without irradiation, generated EV-miR-34c capable of inducing ROS and DNA damage. Furthermore, EV-IR from miR34-knockout cells could not induce ROS and raised {gamma}H2AX to lesser extent than EV-IR from miR34-wild type cells. These results establish a novel role for the Abl-miR-34c DDR pathway in stimulating radiation-induced bystander effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rastogi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/209767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear Abl Drives Extracellular-Vesicle Transfer of miR-34c to Induce Bystander Effects of Radiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo RNA targeting of point mutations via suppressor tRNAs and adenosine deaminases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Point mutations underlie many genetic diseases. In this regard, while programmable DNA nucleases have been used to repair mutations, their use for gene therapy poses multiple challenges: one, efficiency of homologous recombination is typically low in cells; two, an active nuclease presents a risk of introducing permanent off-target mutations; and three, prevalent programmable nucleases typically comprise elements of non-human origin raising the potential of in vivo immunogenicity. In light of these, approaches to instead directly target RNA, and use of molecular machinery native to the host would be highly desirable. Towards this, we engineered and optimized two complementary approaches, referred together hereon as tRiAD, based on the use of tRNAs in codon suppression and adenosine deaminases in RNA editing. Specifically, by delivering modified endogenous tRNAs and/or the RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 and an associated guiding RNA (adRNA) via adeno-associated viruses, we enabled premature stop codon read-through and correction in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy that harbors a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene. We further demonstrated inducible restoration of dystrophin expression by pyrolysyl-tRNA mediated incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) at the stop codon. Additionally, we also engineered ADAR2 mediated correction of a point mutation in liver RNA of the spfash mouse model of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Taken together, our results establish the use of suppressor tRNAs and ADAR2 for in vivo RNA targeting, and this integrated tRiAD approach is robust, genomically scarless, and potentially non-immunogenic as it utilizes effector RNAs and human proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katrekar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo RNA targeting of point mutations via suppressor tRNAs and adenosine deaminases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accounting for Apparent Deviations between Calorimetric and van’t Hoff Enthalpies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIn theory, binding enthalpies directly obtained from calorimetry (such as ITC) and the temperature dependence of the binding free energy (vant Hoff method) should agree. However, previous studies have often found them to be discrepant.nnMethodsExperimental binding enthalpies (both calorimetric and vant Hoff) are obtained for two host-guest pairs using ITC, and the discrepancy between the two enthalpies is examined. Modeling of artificial ITC data is also used to examine how different sources of error propagate to both types of binding enthalpies.nnResultsFor the host-guest pairs examined here, good agreement, to within about 0.4 kcal/mol, is obtained between the two enthalpies. Additionally, using artificial data, we find that different sources of error propagate to either enthalpy uniquely, with concentration error and heat error propagating primarily to calorimetric and vant Hoff enthalpies, respectively.nnConclusionsWith modern calorimeters, good agreement between vant Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies should be achievable, barring issues due to non-ideality or unanticipated measurement pathologies. Indeed, disagreement between the two can serve as a flag for error-prone datasets. A review of the underlying theory supports the expectation that these two quantities should be in agreement.nnGeneral SignificanceWe address and arguably resolve long-standing questions regarding the relationship between calorimetric and vant Hoff enthalpies. In addition, we show that comparison of these two quantities can be used as an internal consistency check of a calorimetry study.nnHighlightsO_LIAgreement within ~0.4 kcal/mol between calorimetric and vant Hoff enthalpies can be achieved for systems with typical heat and concentration errors, if solution non-ideality is not an issue.nC_LIO_LIConcentration error chiefly affects calorimetric enthalpies, while error in measured heat chiefly affects vant Hoff enthalpies.nC_LIO_LILarge discrepancies between calorimetric and vant Hoff enthalpies can be used to flag experimental error.nC_LIO_LIThere is no theoretical basis to expect discrepancies between these two methods of determining the binding enthalpy.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kantonen, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriksen, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accounting for Apparent Deviations between Calorimetric and van’t Hoff Enthalpies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sharing genetic admixture and diversity of public biomedical datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/210716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic ancestry and admixture are critical co-factors to study phenotype-genotype associations using cohorts of human subjects. Most publically available molecular datasets - genomes, exomes or transcriptomes - are however missing this information or only share self-reported ancestry. This represents a limitation to identify and re-purpose datasets to investigate the contribution of race and ethnicity to diseases and traits. we propose an analytical framework to enrich the meta-data from publically available cohorts with admixture information and a resulting diversity score at continental resolution, calculated directly from the data. We illustrate the utility and versatility of the framework using The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets indexed and searched through the DataMed Data Discovery Index. Data repositories or data contributors can use this framework to provide, as metadata, admixture for controlled access datasets, minimizing the work involved in requesting a dataset that may ultimately prove inadequate for a researchers purpose. With the increasingly global scale of human genetics research, research on disease risk and susceptibility would benefit greatly from the adequate estimation and sharing of admixture data following a framework such as the one presented.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohno-Machado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/210716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sharing genetic admixture and diversity of public biomedical datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bayesian estimation of MSM population size in Côte d’Ivoire 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/213926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cote dIvoire has one of the largest HIV epidemics in West Africa with around half million people living with HIV. Key populations like gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are often disproportionately burdened with HIV due to specific acquisition and transmission risks. Quantifying the MSM population sizes at subnational level is critical to improving the HIV prevention interventions. While survey-based direct estimates of MSM numbers are available at a few urban centers in C{circumflex}ote dIvoire, no data on MSM population size exists at other areas without any community infrastructure to facilitate sufficient access to the MSM community. We use this limited data in a Bayesian regression setup to produce first empirically calculated estimates of the numbers of MSM in all areas of C{circumflex}ote dIvoire prioritized in the HIV response. Our hierarchical model imputes missing covariates using geospatial information and allows for proper uncertainty quantification leading to meaningful confidence bounds for the predicted MSM population size estimates. The intended impact of this process is to increase uptake and use of high quality, comprehensive epidemiologic and interventional data in program planning. These estimates will help design future surveys and support the planning of the scale and content of HIV prevention and treatment programs for MSM in C{circumflex}ote dIvoire.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Datta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diouf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouame, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louis, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baral, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/213926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bayesian estimation of MSM population size in Côte d’Ivoire]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards a unified resource for transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli K-12: Incorporating high throughput-generated binding data within the classic framework of regulation of initiation of transcription in RegulonDB. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/219006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our understanding of the regulation of gene expression has been strongly benefited by the availability of high throughput technologies that enable questioning the whole genome for the binding of specific transcription factors and expression profiles. In the case of genome models, such as Escherichia coli K-12, this knowledge needs to be integrated with the legacy of accumulated genetics and molecular biology pre-genomic knowledge in order to attain deeper levels in the understanding of their biology. In spite of the several repositories and curated databases, there is no effort, nor electronic site yet, to comprehensively integrate the available knowledge from all these different sources around the regulation of gene expression of E. coli K-12. In this paper, we describe a first effort to expand RegulonDB, the database containing the rich legacy of decades of classic molecular biology experiments supporting what we know about gene regulation and operon organization in E. coli K-12, to include the genome-wide data set collections from 25 ChIP and 18 gSELEX publications, respectively, in addition to around 60 expression profiles used in their curation. Three essential features for the integration of this information coming from different methodological approaches are; first, a controlled vocabulary within an ontology for precisely defining growth conditions, second, the criteria to separate elements with enough evidence to consider them involved in gene regulation from isolated sites, and third, an expanded computational model supporting this knowledge. Altogether, this constitutes the basis for adequately gathering and enabling the comparisons and integration strongly needed to manage and access such wealth of knowledge. This version of RegulonBD is a first step toward what should become the unifying access point for current and future knowledge on gene regulation in E. coli K-12. Furthermore, this model platform and associated methodologies and criteria, can well be emulated for gathering knowledge on other microbial organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santos-Zavaleta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Perez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salgado, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez-Ramirez, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gama-Castro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tierrafria, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busby, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galagan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collado-Vides, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/219006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards a unified resource for transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli K-12: Incorporating high throughput-generated binding data within the classic framework of regulation of initiation of transcription in RegulonDB.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/221234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneous origins of human sleep spindles in different cortical layers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/221234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep spindles are a cardinal feature in human slow wave sleep and may be important for memory consolidation. We studied the intracortical organization of spindles in humans by recording spontaneous sleep spindles from different cortical layers using linear microelectrode arrays. Two patterns of spindle generation were identified using visual inspection, and confirmed with factor analysis. Spindles were largest and most common in upper and middle channels, with limited involvement of deep channels. Many spindles were observed in only upper or only middle channels, but about half occurred in both. In spindles involving both middle and upper channels, the spindle envelope onset in middle channels led upper by [~]25-50ms on average. The phase relationship between spindle waves in upper and middle channels varied dynamically within spindle epochs, and across individuals. Current source density analysis demonstrated that upper and middle channel spindles were both generated by an excitatory supragranular current sink while an additional deep source was present for middle channel spindles only. Only middle channel spindles were accompanied by deep gamma activity. These results suggest that upper channel spindles are generated by supragranular pyramids, and middle channel by infragranular. Possibly, middle channel spindles are generated by core thalamocortical afferents, and upper channel by matrix. The concurrence of these patterns could reflect engagement of cortical circuits in the integration of more focal (core) and distributed (matrix) aspects of memory. These results demonstrate that at least two distinct intracortical systems generate human sleep spindles.nnSignificance StatementBursts of [~]14Hz oscillations, lasting about a second, have been recognized for over 80 years as cardinal features of mammalian sleep. Recent findings suggest that they play a key role in organizing cortical activity during memory consolidation. We used linear microelectrode arrays to study their intracortical organization in humans. We found that spindles could be divided into two types. One mainly engages upper layers of the cortex, which are considered to be specialized for associative activity. The other engages both upper and middle layers, including those devoted to sensory input. The interaction of these two spindle types may help organize the interaction of sensory and associative aspects of memory consolidation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donald J Hagler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Istvan Ulbert</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucia Wittner</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorand Eross</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph R Madsen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orrin Devinsky</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner Doyle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Fabo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydney S Cash</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric Halgren</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/221234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous origins of human sleep spindles in different cortical layers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/221275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replay of large-scale spatio-temporal patterns from waking during subsequent slow-wave sleep in human cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/221275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal studies support the hypothesis that in slow-wave sleep, replay of waking neocortical activity under hippocampal guidance leads to memory consolidation. However, no intracranial electrophysiological evidence for replay exists in humans. We identified consistent sequences of population firing peaks across widespread cortical regions during complete waking periods. The occurrence of these Motifs were compared between sleeps preceding the waking period (Sleep-Pre) when the Motifs were identified, and those following (Sleep-Post). In all subjects, the majority of waking Motifs (most of which were novel) had more matches in Sleep-Post than in Sleep-Pre. In rodents, hippocampal replay occurs during local sharp-wave ripples, and the associated neocortical replay tends to occur during local sleep spindles and down-to-up transitions. These waves may facilitate consolidation by sequencing cell-firing and encouraging plasticity. Similarly, we found that Motifs were coupled to neocortical spindles, down-to-up transitions, theta bursts, and hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. While Motifs occurring during cognitive task performance were more likely to have more matches in subsequent sleep, our studies provide no direct demonstration that the replay of Motifs contributes to consolidation. Nonetheless, these results confirm a core prediction of the dominant neurobiological theory of human memory consolidation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devinsky, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskandar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thesen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/221275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replay of large-scale spatio-temporal patterns from waking during subsequent slow-wave sleep in human cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/221754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted Genotyping of Variable Number Tandem Repeats with adVNTR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/221754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole Genome Sequencing is increasingly used to identify Mendelian variants in clinical pipelines. These pipelines focus on single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and also structural variants, while ignoring more complex repeat sequence variants. We consider the problem of genotyping Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs), composed of inexact tandem duplications of short (6-100bp) repeating units. VNTRs span 3% of the human genome, are frequently present in coding regions, and have been implicated in multiple Mendelian disorders. While existing tools recognize VNTR carrying sequence, genotyping VNTRs (determining repeat unit count and sequence variation) from whole genome sequenced reads remains challenging. We describe a method, adVNTR, that uses Hidden Markov Models to model each VNTR, count repeat units, and detect sequence variation. adVNTR models can be developed for short-read (Illumina) and single molecule (PacBio) whole genome and exome sequencing, and show good results on multiple simulated and real data sets. adVNTR is available at https://github.com/mehrdadbakhtiari/adVNTR
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bakhtiari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shleizer-Burko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/221754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted Genotyping of Variable Number Tandem Repeats with adVNTR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/224725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DDX3 is exploited by Arenaviruses to suppress type I interferons and favor their replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/224725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several arenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) diseases that are associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. Accordingly, HF arenaviruses have been listed as top-priority emerging diseases for which countermeasures are urgently needed. Because arenavirus nucleoprotein (NP) plays critical roles in both virus multiplication and immune-evasion, we used an unbiased proteomic approach to identify NP-interacting proteins in human cells. DDX3, a DEAD-box ATP-dependent-RNA-helicase, interacted with NP in both NP-transfected and virus-infected cells. Importantly, DDX3 deficiency compromised the propagation of both Old and New World arenaviruses, including the HF arenaviruses Lassa and Junin viruses. The DDX3 role in promoting arenavirus multiplication correlated with both a previously un-recognized DDX3 contribution to type I interferon suppression in arenavirus infected cells and a positive effect of DDX3 on viral RNA synthesis. Our results uncover novel mechanisms used by arenavirus to exploit the host machinery and subvert immunity, singling out DDX3 as a potential host target for developing new therapies against highly pathogenic arenaviruses.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYArenaviruses include severe clinical pathogens causing hemorrhagic fevers and have been recently incorporated by the World Health Organization in a list of critical emerging diseases for which additional research and identification of clinical targets is urgently required. A better understanding of how viral proteins interact with host cellular factors to favor arenavirus multiplication can illuminate novel pipelines on therapeutic strategies. Here we demonstrated that the ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3 interacted with the arenavirus nucleoprotein, which displays fundamental functions in different steps of the viral-cycle. Our work also revealed an unexpected new biology on the role that DDX3 might play during viral infections. In sharp contrast to previous studies showing DDX3 enhancement of IFN-I induction, we demonstrated that DDX3 suppressed IFN-I production at late time points after arenavirus infection, contributing to a DDX3 pro-viral effect. We also showed that early after infection, DDX3 pro-viral role was IFN-I independent and was mediated by DDX3 facilitation of viral RNA synthesis without affecting RNA translation. Altogether, our study established DDX3 as a critical host interacting partner of the arenavirus nucleoprotein and demonstrated two previously unrecognized DDX3-dependent strategies by which these deadly viruses exploit the host cellular machinery and suppress immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loureiro, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorzetto-Fernandes, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radoshitzky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marooki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foscaldi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Torre, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/224725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DDX3 is exploited by Arenaviruses to suppress type I interferons and favor their replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Solubilization kinetics determines the pulsatory dynamics of lipid vesicles exposed to surfactant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We establish a biophysical model for the dynamics of lipid vesicles exposed to surfactants. The solubilization of the lipid membrane due to the insertion of surfactant molecules induces a reduction of membrane surface area at almost constant vesicle volume. This results in a rate-dependent increase of membrane tension and leads to the opening of a micron-sized pore. We show that solubilization kinetics due to surfactants can determine the regimes of pore dynamics: either the pores open and reseal within a second (short-lived pore), or the pore stays open up to a few minutes (long-lived pore). First, we validate our model with previously published experimental measurements of pore dynamics. Then, we investigate how the solubilization kinetics and membrane properties affect the dynamics of the pore and construct a phase diagram for short and long-lived pores. Finally, we examine the dynamics of sequential pore openings and show that cyclic short-lived pores occur at a period inversely proportional to the solubilization rate. By deriving a theoretical expression for the cycle period, we provide an analytic tool to measure the solubilization rate of lipid vesicles by surfactants. Our findings shed light on some fundamental biophysical mechanisms that allow simple cell-like structures to sustain their integrity against environmental stresses, and have the potential to aid the design of vesicle-based drug delivery systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chabanon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/225946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Solubilization kinetics determines the pulsatory dynamics of lipid vesicles exposed to surfactant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/228064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The promiscuous estrogen receptor: evolution of physiological estrogens and response to phytochemicals and endocrine disruptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/228064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many actions of estradiol (E2), the principal physiological estrogen in vertebrates, are mediated by estrogen receptor- (ER) and ER{beta}. An important physiological feature of vertebrate ERs is their promiscuous response to several physiological steroids, including estradiol (E2), {Delta}5-androstenediol, 5-androstanediol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. A novel structural characteristic of {Delta}5-androstenediol, 5-androstanediol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol is the presence of a C19 methyl group, which precludes the presence of an aromatic A ring with a C3 phenolic group that is a defining property of E2. The structural diversity of these estrogens can explain the response of the ER to synthetic chemicals such as bisphenol A and DDT, which disrupt estrogen physiology in vertebrates, and the estrogenic activity of a variety of plant-derived chemicals such as genistein, coumestrol, and resveratrol. Diversity in the A ring of physiological estrogens also expands potential structures of industrial chemicals that can act as endocrine disruptors. Compared to E2, synthesis of 27-hydroxycholesterol and {Delta}5-androstenediol is simpler, leading us, based on parsimony, to propose that one or both of these steroids or a related metabolite was a physiological estrogen early in the evolution of the ER, with E2 assuming this role later as the canonical estrogen. In addition to the well-studied role of the ER in reproductive physiology, the ER also is an important transcription factor in non-reproductive tissues such as the cardiovascular system, kidney, bone, and brain. Some of these ER actions in non-reproductive tissues appeared early in vertebrate evolution, long before mammals evolved.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/228064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The promiscuous estrogen receptor: evolution of physiological estrogens and response to phytochemicals and endocrine disruptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Glyoxalase 1 reduces alcohol self-administration in dependent and nondependent rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies showed that the glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) gene modulates anxiety-like behavior, seizure susceptibility, depression-like behavior, and alcohol drinking in the drinking-in-the-dark paradigm in nondependent mice. Administration of the small-molecule GLO1 inhibitor S-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (pBBG) decreased alcohol drinking in nondependent mice, suggesting a possible therapeutic strategy. However, the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of pBBG in animal models of alcohol dependence remains to be demonstrated. We tested the effect of pBBG (7.5 and 25 mg/kg) on operant alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent and nondependent rats. Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 10% alcohol (v/v) and made dependent by chronic intermittent passive exposure to alcohol vapor for 5 weeks. Pretreatment with pBBG dose-dependently reduced alcohol self-administration in both nondependent and dependent animals, without affecting water self-administration. pBBG treatment was more effective in dependent rats than in nondependent rats. These data extend previous findings that implicated Glo1 in alcohol drinking in nondependent mice by showing even more profound effects in alcohol-dependent rats. These results suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of GLO1 is a relevant therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol use disorders.nnHighlightsO_LIAlcohol use disorder (AUD) places an enormous burden on society, and there is an urgent need for new druggable targets.nC_LIO_LIGlo1 inhibition by pBBG dose-dependently reduces alcohol self-administration in both nondependent and dependent animals.nC_LIO_LIpBBG treatment is more effective in reducing alcohol intake in dependent rats than in nondependent rats.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conlisk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Glyoxalase 1 reduces alcohol self-administration in dependent and nondependent rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predictions of Protein-Protein Interactions in Schistosoma Mansoni 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSchistosoma mansoni invasion of the human host involves a variety of cross-species protein-protein interactions. The pathogen expresses a diverse arsenal of proteins that facilitate the breach of physical and biochemical barriers present in skin, evasion of the immune system, and digestion of human hemoglobin, allowing schistosomes to reside in the host for years. However, only a small number of specific interactions between S. mansoni and human proteins have been identified. We present and apply a protocol that generates testable predictions of S. mansoni-human protein interactions.nnMethodsIn this study, we first predict S. mansoni-human protein interactions based on similarity to known protein complexes. Putative interactions were then scored and assessed using several contextual filters, including the use of annotation automatically derived from literature using a simple natural language processing methodology. Our method predicted 7 out of the 10 previously known cross-species interactions.nnConclusionsSeveral predictions that warrant experimental follow-up were presented and discussed, including interactions involving potential vaccine candidate antigens, protease inhibition, and immune evasion. The application framework provides an integrated methodology for investigation of host-pathogen interactions and an extensive source of orthogonal data for experimental analysis. We have made the predictions available online for community perusal.nnAuthor SummaryThe S. mansoni parasite is the etiological agent of the disease Schistomiasis. However, protein-protein interactions have been experimentally characterized that relate to pathogenesis and establishment of infection. As with many pathogens, the understanding of these interactions is a key component for the development of new vaccines. In this project, we have applied a computational whole-genome comparative approach to aid in the prediction of interactions between S. mansoni and human proteins and to identify important proteins involved in infection. The results of applying this method recapitulate several previously characterized interactions, as well as suggest additional ones as potential therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>White Bear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkan, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/233072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predictions of Protein-Protein Interactions in Schistosoma Mansoni]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Template-based prediction of vigilance fluctuations in resting-state fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in vigilance or alertness during a typical resting state fMRI scan are inevitable and have been found to affect measures of functional brain connectivity. Since it is not often feasible to monitor vigilance with EEG during fMRI scans, it would be of great value to have methods for estimating vigilance levels from fMRI data alone. A recent study, conducted in macaque monkeys, proposed a template-based approach for fMRI-based estimation of vigilance fluctuations. Here, we use simultaneously acquired EEG/fMRI data to investigate whether the same template-based approach can be employed to estimate vigilance fluctuations of awake humans across different resting-state conditions. We first demonstrate that the spatial pattern of correlations between EEG-defined vigilance and fMRI in our data is consistent with the previous literature. Notably, however, we observed a significant difference between the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) conditions finding stronger negative correlations with vigilance in regions forming the default mode network and higher positive correlations in thalamus and insula in the EC condition when compared to the EO condition. Taking these correlation maps as "templates" for vigilance estimation, we found that the template-based approach produced fMRI-based vigilance estimates that were significantly correlated with EEG-based vigilance measures, indicating its generalizability from macaques to humans. We also demonstrate that the performance of this method was related to the overall amount of variability in a subjects vigilance state, and that the template-based approach outperformed the use of the global signal as a vigilance estimator. In addition, we show that the template-based approach can be used to estimate the variability across scans in the amplitude of the vigilance fluctuations. We discuss the benefits and tradeoffs of using the template-based approach in future fMRI studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falahpour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/234179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Template-based prediction of vigilance fluctuations in resting-state fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association analysis of lifetime cannabis use (N=184,765) identifies new risk loci, genetic overlap with mental health, and a causal influence of schizophrenia on cannabis use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/234294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cannabis use is a heritable trait [1] that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. To identify risk variants and improve our knowledge of the genetic etiology of cannabis use, we performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for lifetime cannabis use (N=184,765) to date. We identified 4 independent loci containing genome-wide significant SNP associations. Gene-based tests revealed 29 genome-wide significant genes located in these 4 loci and 8 additional regions. All SNPs combined explained 10% of the variance in lifetime cannabis use. The most significantly associated gene, CADM2, has previously been associated with substance use and risk-taking phenotypes [2-4]. We used S-PrediXcan to explore gene expression levels and found 11 unique eGenes. LD-score regression uncovered genetic correlations with smoking, alcohol use and mental health outcomes, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Mendelian randomisation analysis provided evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on lifetime cannabis use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pasman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verweij, K. J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerring, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stringer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treur, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdellaoui, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nivard, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baselmans, B. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ip, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Zee, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartels, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the 23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKillop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International Cannabis Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derringer, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branje, S. J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Lier, P. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, P. A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meeus, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldehinkel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pausova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Quiroga, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribases, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaprio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boks, M. P. M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/234294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association analysis of lifetime cannabis use (N=184,765) identifies new risk loci, genetic overlap with mental health, and a causal influence of schizophrenia on cannabis use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glyoxalase (GLO1) inhibition or genetic overexpression does not alter ethanol locomotor effects: implications for GLO1 as a therapeutic target in alcohol use disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/239624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is an enzyme that metabolizes methylglyoxal (MG), which is a competitive partial agonist at GABAA receptors. Inhibition of GLO1 increases concentrations of MG in the brain and decreases binge-like ethanol drinking. The present study assessed whether inhibition of GLO1, or genetic over expression of Glo1, would also alter the locomotor effects of ethanol, which might explain reduced ethanol consumption following GLO1 inhibition. We used the prototypical GABAA receptor agonist muscimol as a positive control.nnMethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were pretreated with aeither the GLO1 inhibitor S-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (pBBG; 7.5 mg/kg; Experiment 1) or muscimol (0.75 mg/kg; Experiment 2), or their corresponding vehicle. We then determined whether locomotor response to a range of ethanol doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5) was altered by either pBBG or muscimol pretreatment. We also examined the locomotor response to a range of ethanol doses in FVB/NJ wild type and transgenic Glo1 over expressing mice (Experiment 3). Anxiety-like behavior (time spent in the center of the open field) was assessed in all three experiments.nnResultsThe ethanol dose-response curve was not altered by pretreatment with pBBG or by transgenic overexpression of Glo1. In contrast, muscimol blunted locomotor stimulation at low ethanol doses, and potentiated locomotor sedation at higher ethanol doses. No drug or genotype differences were seen in anxiety-like behavior after ethanol treatment.nnConclusionsThe dose of pBBG used in this study is within the effective range shown previously to reduce ethanol drinking. Glo1 overexpression has been previously shown to increase ethanol drinking. However, neither manipulation altered the dose response curve for ethanols locomotor effects, whereas muscimol appeared to enhance the locomotor sedative effects of ethanol. The present data demonstrate that reduced ethanol drinking caused by GLO1 inhibition is not due to potentiation of ethanols stimulant or depressant effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagarda, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/239624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glyoxalase (GLO1) inhibition or genetic overexpression does not alter ethanol locomotor effects: implications for GLO1 as a therapeutic target in alcohol use disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ordered pattern of Ana2 phosphorylation by Plk4 is required for centriole assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) initiates an early step in centriole assembly by phosphorylating Ana2/STIL, a structural component of the procentriole. Here, we show that Plk4 binding to the central coiled-coil (CC) of Ana2 is a conserved event, involving Polo-box 3 and a previously unidentified putative CC located adjacent to the kinase domain. Ana2 binding stimulates Plk4 kinase activity in vitro, and, in turn, is phosphorylated along its length. Previous studies showed that Plk4 phosphorylates the C-terminal STAN domain of Ana2/STIL, triggering binding and recruitment of the cartwheel protein Sas6 to the procentriole assembly site. However, the physiological relevance of N-terminal phosphorylation was unknown. We found that Plk4 first phosphorylates the extreme N-terminus of Ana2 which is critical for subsequent STAN domain modification. Phosphorylation of the central region then breaks the Plk4-Ana2 interaction. This phosphorylation pattern is important for centriole assembly and integrity because replacement of endogenous Ana2 with phospho-Ana2 mutants disrupts distinct steps in Ana2 function and inhibits centriole duplication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLamarrah, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buster, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galletta, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boese, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryniawec, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrnes, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brownlee, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slep, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusan, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/240374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ordered pattern of Ana2 phosphorylation by Plk4 is required for centriole assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Aedes aegypti mosquito reference genome assembly enables biological discovery and vector control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infect hundreds of millions of people each year with dangerous viral pathogens including dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya. Progress in understanding the biology of this insect, and developing tools to fight it, has been slowed by the lack of a high-quality genome assembly. Here we combine diverse genome technologies to produce AaegL5, a dramatically improved and annotated assembly, and demonstrate how it accelerates mosquito science and control. We anchored the physical and cytogenetic maps, resolved the size and composition of the elusive sex-determining "M locus", significantly increased the known members of the glutathione-S-transferase genes important for insecticide resistance, and doubled the number of chemosensory ionotropic receptors that guide mosquitoes to human hosts and egg-laying sites. Using high-resolution QTL and population genomic analyses, we mapped new candidates for dengue vector competence and insecticide resistance. We predict that AaegL5 will catalyse new biological insights and intervention strategies to fight this deadly arboviral vector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthews, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudchenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glassford, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redmond, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weedall, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brito-Sierra, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckingham, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fansiri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filipovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontaine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloria-Soria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joardar, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, R. G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodali, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lycett, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partridge, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peluso, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiden, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramasamy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saavedra-Rodriguez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/240747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Aedes aegypti mosquito reference genome assembly enables biological discovery and vector control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/242404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generalizing Genetic Risk Scores from Europeans to Hispanics/Latinos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/242404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic risk scores (GRSs) are weighted sums of risk allele counts of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a disease or trait. Construction of GRSs is typically based on published results from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs), the majority of which have been performed in large populations of European ancestry (EA) individuals. While many genotype-trait associations have been shown to generalize from EA populations to other populations, such as Hispanics/Latinos, the optimal choice of SNPs and weights for GRSs may differ between populations due to different linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allele frequency patterns. This is further complicated by the fact that different Hispanic/Latino populations may have different admixture patterns, so that LD and allele frequency patterns may not be the same among non-EA populations. Here, we compare various approaches for GRS construction, using GWAS results from both large EA studies and a smaller study in Hispanics/Latinos, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL, n = 12, 803). We consider multiple ways to select SNPs from association regions and to calculate the SNP weights. We study the performance of the resulting GRSs in an independent study of Hispanics/Latinos from the Woman Health Initiative (WHI, n = 3, 582). We support our investigation with simulation studies of potential genetic architectures in a single locus. We observed that selecting variants based on EA GWASs generally performs well, as long as SNP weights are calculated using Hispanics/Latinos GWASs, or using the meta-analysis of EA and Hispanics/Latinos GWASs. The optimal approach depends on the genetic architecture of the trait.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grinde, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadyab, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiner, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/242404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generalizing Genetic Risk Scores from Europeans to Hispanics/Latinos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BOFdat: generating biomass objective function stoichiometric coefficients from experimental data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale models (GEMs) rely on a biomass objective function (BOF) to predict phenotype from genotype. Here we present BOFdat, a Python package that offers functions to generate biomass objective function stoichiometric coefficients (BOFsc) from macromolecular cell composition and relative abundances of macromolecules obtained from omic datasets. Growth-associated and non-growth associated maintenance (GAM and NGAM) costs can also be calculated by BOFdat.nnBOFdat is freely available on the Python Package Index (pip install BOFdat). The source code and an example usage (Jupyter Notebook and example files) are available on GitHub (https://github.com/jclachance/BOFdat). The documentation and API are available through ReadTheDocs (https://bofdat.readthedocs.io).nnContactjean-christophe.lachance@usherbrooke.ca, zaking@eng.ucsd.edu, pierre-etienne.jacques@usherbrooke.ca
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lachance, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seif, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, P.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/243881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BOFdat: generating biomass objective function stoichiometric coefficients from experimental data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/245985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring protein orthogonality in immune space: a case study with AAV and Cas9 orthologs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/245985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major hurdle in protein-based therapeutics is the interaction with the adaptive immune system, which can lead to neutralization by circulating antibodies and clearance of treated cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. One method of circumventing these issues is to use human or humanized proteins which avoid the immune response by self-recognition. However, this approach limits potential protein therapeutics to those of human origin, excluding many exciting effectors and delivery vehicles such as CRISPR-Cas9 and adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). To address this issue, we propose here the sequential use of orthologous proteins whose function is constrained by natural selection, but whose structure is subject to diversification by genetic drift. This would, in principle, allow for repeated treatments by  immune orthogonal orthologs without reduced efficacy due to lack of immune cross-reactivity among the proteins. To explore and validate this concept we chose 91 Type II CRISPR-Cas9 orthologs and 167 AAV capsid protein orthologs, and developed a pipeline to compare total sequence similarity as well as predicted binding to class I and class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins. Interestingly, MHC binding predictions revealed wide diversity among the set of Cas9 orthologs, with 83% of pairs predicted to have non cross-reacting immune responses, while no global immune orthogonality among AAV serotypes was observed. To confirm these findings we selected two Cas9 orthologs, from S. pyogenes and S. aureus, predicted to be orthogonal in immune space, and delivered them into mice via multiple AAV serotypes. We observed cross-reacting antibodies against AAV but not Cas9 orthologs in sera from immunized mice, validating the computationally predicted immune orthogonality among these proteins. Moving forward, we anticipate this framework can be applied to prescribe sequential regimens of immune orthogonal protein therapeutics to circumvent pre-existing or induced immunity, and eventually, to rationally engineer immune orthogonality among protein orthologs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/245985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring protein orthogonality in immune space: a case study with AAV and Cas9 orthologs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemogenetic Manipulations of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons Reveal Multifaceted Roles in Cocaine Abuse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/246595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons perform diverse functions in motivation and cognition, but their precise roles in addiction-related behaviors are still debated. Here, we targeted VTA DA neurons for bidirectional chemogenetic modulation during specific tests of cocaine reinforcement, demand, and relapse-related behaviors, querying the roles of DA neuron inhibitory and excitatory G-protein signaling in these processes. Designer receptor stimulation of Gq-, but not Gs-signaling in DA neurons enhanced cocaine seeking via functionally distinct projections to forebrain limbic regions. In contrast, engaging inhibitory Gi/o signaling in DA neurons blunted cocaines reinforcing and priming effects, reduced stress-potentiated reinstatement, and altered cue-induced cocaine seeking strategy, but not the motivational impact of cocaine cues per se. Results demonstrate that DA neurons play several distinct roles in cocaine seeking, depending on behavioral context, G-protein signaling, and DA neuron efferent target, highlighting their multifaceted roles in addiction.nnSignificance StatementG-protein coupled receptors are crucial modulators of VTA dopamine neuron activity, but how metabotropic signaling impacts dopamines complex roles in reward and addiction is poorly understood. Here, we bidirectionally modulate dopamine neuron G-protein signaling with DREADDs during a variety of cocaine seeking behaviors, revealing nuanced, pathway-specific roles in cocaine reward, effortful seeking, and relapse-like behaviors. Gq- and Gs-stimulation activated dopamine neurons, but only Gq stimulation robustly enhanced cocaine seeking. Gi/o inhibitory signaling altered the response strategy employed during cued reinstatement, and reduced some, but not all types of cocaine seeking. Results show that VTA dopamine neurons modulate numerous distinct aspects of cocaine addiction- and relapse-related behaviors, and indicate potential new approaches for intervening in these processes to treat addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahler, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodnik, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchta, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentzley, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cope, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedy, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scofield, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegel, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espana, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aston-Jones, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/246595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemogenetic Manipulations of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons Reveal Multifaceted Roles in Cocaine Abuse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/247692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and Flexible GPU Accelerated Binding Free Energy Calculations within the AMBER Molecular Dynamics Package 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/247692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alchemical free energy calculations (AFE) based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are key tools in both improving our understanding of a wide variety of biological processes and accelerating the design and optimization of therapeutics for numerous diseases. Computing power and theory have, however, long been insufficient to enable AFE calculations to be routinely applied in early stage drug discovery. One of the major difficulties in performing AFE calculations is the length of time required for calculations to converge to an ensemble average. CPU implementations of MD based free energy algorithms can effectively only reach tens of nanoseconds per day for systems on the order of 50,000 atoms, even running on massively parallel supercomputers. Therefore, converged free energy calculations on large numbers of potential lead compounds are often untenable, preventing researchers from gaining crucial insight into molecular recognition, potential druggability, and other crucial areas of interest. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can help address this. We present here a seamless GPU implementation, within the PMEMD module of the AMBER molecular dynamics package, of thermodynamic integration (TI) capable of reaching speeds of >140 ns/day for a 44,907-atom system, with accuracy equivalent to the existing CPU implementation in AMBER. The implementation described here is currently part of the AMBER 18 beta code and will be an integral part of the upcoming version 18 release of AMBER.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mermelstein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretsch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/247692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and Flexible GPU Accelerated Binding Free Energy Calculations within the AMBER Molecular Dynamics Package]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing Decreases Morbidity and Healthcare Cost of Hospitalized Infants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/253534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDGenetic disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing (rWGS) can diagnose genetic disorders in time to change acute medical or surgical management (clinical utility) and improve outcomes in acutely ill infants.nnMETHODSRetrospective cohort study of acutely ill inpatient infants in a regional childrens hospital from July 2016-March 2017. Forty-two families received rWGS for etiologic diagnosis of genetic disorders. Probands received standard genetic testing as clinically indicated. Primary end-points were rate of diagnosis, clinical utility, and healthcare utilization. The latter was modelled in six infants by comparing actual utilization with matched historical controls and/or counterfactual utilization had rWGS been performed at different time points.nnFINDINGSThe diagnostic sensitivity was 43% (eighteen of 42 infants) for rWGS and 10% (four of 42 infants) for standard of care (P=.0005). The rate of clinical utility for rWGS (31%, thirteen of 42 infants) was significantly greater than for standard of care (2%, one of 42; P=.0015). Eleven (26%) infants with diagnostic rWGS avoided morbidity, one had 43% reduction in likelihood of mortality, and one started palliative care. In six of the eleven infants, the changes in management reduced inpatient cost by $800, 000 to $2,000,000.nnDISCUSSIONThese findings replicate a prior study of the clinical utility of rWGS in acutely ill inpatient infants, and demonstrate improved outcomes and net healthcare savings. rWGS merits consideration as a first tier test in this setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farnaes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildreth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nahas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cakici, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kronick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bainbridge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veeraraghavan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimmock, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kingsmore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>RCIGM Investigators,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/253534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing Decreases Morbidity and Healthcare Cost of Hospitalized Infants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ferroptosis-like signaling facilitates a potent innate defense against Plasmodium infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The facets of host control during Plasmodium liver infection remain largely unknown and conventional innate regulatory pathways are only minimally effective at eliminating parasites1-3. Ferroptosis, a recently described form of iron-dependent cell death that drives accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, but has not yet been shown to function as an innate immune response4,5. Inducing ferroptosis with pharmacologicals or by genetic perturbation of its negative regulators, GPX4 and SLC7a11, dramatically reduces survival of the Plasmodium Liver Stage. In contrast, knockdown or knockout of NOX1 or knockdown of TFR1, which are required for ferroptosis, increases the number of Liver Stage parasites. Moreover, we demonstrate that blocking ferroptosis renders parasite-infected hepatocytes resistant to P53-mediated hepatocyte death. Our work establishes that ferroptotic signaling serves to control Plasmodium infection in the liver and raises the possibility that ferroptosis operates as an axis of the innate immune system to defend against intracellular pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kain, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glennon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglass, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudgeon, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aderem, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushansky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/257287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ferroptosis-like signaling facilitates a potent innate defense against Plasmodium infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GITAR: An open source tool for analysis and visualization of Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interactions between chromatin segments play a large role in functional genomic assays and developments in genomic interaction detection methods have shown interacting topological domains within the genome. Among these methods, Hi-C plays a key role. Here, we present GITAR (Genome Interaction Tools and Resources), a software to perform a comprehensive Hi-C data analysis, including data preprocessing, normalization, visualization and topologically associated domains (TADs) analysis. GITAR is composed of two main modules: 1) HiCtool, a Python library to process and visualize Hi-C data, including TADs analysis and 2) Processed data library, a large collection of human and mouse datasets processed using HiCtool. HiCtool leads the user step-by-step through a pipeline which goes from the raw Hi-C data to the computation, visualization and optimized storage of intra-chromosomal contact matrices and topological domain coordinates. A large collection of standardized processed data allows to compare different datasets in a consistent way and it saves time of work to obtain data for visualization or additional analyses. GITAR enables users without any programming or bioinformatic expertise to work with Hi-C data and it is freely available for the public at http://genomegitar.org as an open source software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GITAR: An open source tool for analysis and visualization of Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystallizing the Parkinson’s Disease Protein LRRK2 Under Microgravity Conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the gene coding for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a considerable cause for Parkinsons disease (PD). However, the high- resolution 3D structure of the protein is still lacking. This structure will not only help to understand PD etiology but will also enable rational drug design. We have established a reliable method to produce LRRK2 crystals for the first time. However, the limited resolution of the diffraction data prevented structure determination using crystallographic methods. Herein we describe our efforts to improve the crystal quality by crystallizing under microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Our method features diffusive sample mixing in capillaries and controlled crystal formation by transporting the samples in a frozen state. The crystallisation was successfully repeated under microgravity conditions. However, comparison of earth-grown and microgravity-grown LRRK2 crystals did not reveal any differences in diffraction quality. Here we present the established protocol and our experience adapting crystallization condition to the requirements necessary for successful crystallization of large and sensitive biomolecules under microgravity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mattea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baptista, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spinale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allaire, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiske, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystallizing the Parkinson’s Disease Protein LRRK2 Under Microgravity Conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Swedish Nerve Growth Factor Mutation (NGFR100W) Defines a Role for TrkA and p75NTR in Nociception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts multiple functions on target neurons throughout development. The recent discovery of a point mutation leading to a change from arginine to tryptophan at residue 100 in the mature NGF{beta} sequence (NGFR100W) in patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type V (HSAN V), made it possible to distinguish the signaling mechanisms that lead to two functionally different outcomes of NGF: trophic versus nociceptive. We performed extensive biochemical, cellular and live imaging experiments to examine the binding and signaling properties of NGFR100W. Our results show that, similar to the wildtype NGF (wtNGF), the naturally occurring NGFR100W mutant was capable of binding to and activating the TrkA receptor and its downstream signaling pathways to support neuronal survival and differentiation. However, NGFR100W failed to bind and stimulate the 75kD neurotrophic factor receptor (p75NTR)-mediated signaling cascades (i.e. the RhoA-Cofilin pathway). Intraplantar injection of NGFR100W into adult rats induced neither TrkA-mediated thermal nor mechanical acute hyperalgesia, but retained the ability to induce chronic hyperalgesia based on agonism for TrkA signaling. Taken together, our studies provide evidence that NGFR100W retains trophic support capability through TrkA and one aspect of its nociceptive signaling, but fails to engage p75NTR signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that wtNGF acts through TrkA to regulate the delayed priming of nociceptive responses. The integration of both TrkA and p75NTR signaling thus appears to regulate neuroplastic effects of NGF in peripheral nociception.nnSignificance StatementIn the present study, we characterized the naturally occurring NGFR100W mutant that is associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type V. We have demonstrated for the first time that NGFR100W retains trophic support capability through TrkA but fails to engage p75NTR signaling pathways. Furthermore, following Intraplantar injection into adult rats, NGFR100W induced neither thermal nor mechanical acute hyperalgesia, but retained the ability to induce chronic hyperalgesia. We have also provided evidence that the integration of both TrkA-and p75NTR-mediated signaling thus appears to regulate neuroplastic effects of NGF in peripheral nociception. Our study with NGFR100W suggests that it is possible to uncouple trophic effect from nociceptive function, both induced by wildtype NGF.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearn, M. L. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobley, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/266643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Swedish Nerve Growth Factor Mutation (NGFR100W) Defines a Role for TrkA and p75NTR in Nociception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/269779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Streptococcal Lancefield polysaccharides are critical cell wall determinants for human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 to exert its bactericidal effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/269779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) is an acute phase protein with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Infection models in hGIIA transgenic mice have suggested the importance of hGIIA as an innate defense mechanism against the human pathogens Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Group B Streptococcus (GBS). Compared to other Gram-positive bacteria, GAS is remarkably resistant to hGIIA activity. To identify GAS resistance mechanisms, we exposed a highly saturated GAS M1 transposon library to recombinant human hGIIA and compared relative mutant abundance with library input through transposon-sequencing (Tn-seq). Based on transposon prevalence in the output library, we identified nine genes, including dltA and lytR, conferring increased hGIIA susceptibility. In addition, seven genes conferred increased hGIIA resistance, which included two genes, gacH and gacI that are located within the Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) gene cluster. Using GAS 5448 wild-type and the isogenic gacI mutant and gacI-complemented strains, we demonstrate that loss of the GAC N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) side chain in the{Delta} gacI mutant increases hGIIA resistance approximately 10-fold, a phenotype that is conserved across different GAS serotypes. Increased resistance is associated with delayed penetration of hGIIA through the cell wall. Correspondingly, loss of the Lancefield Group B Carbohydrate (GBC) rendered GBS significantly more resistant to hGIIA-mediated killing. This suggests that the streptococcal Lancefield antigens, which are critical determinants for streptococcal physiology and virulence, are required for the human bactericidal enzyme hGIIA to exert its bactericidal function.nnAuthor summaryThe human immune system is capable of killing invading bacteria by secreting antimicrobial proteins. Cationic human Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (hGIIA) is especially effective against Gram-positive bacteria by degrading the bacterial membrane. HGIIA requires binding to negatively charged surface structures before it can penetrate through the thick peptidoglycan layer and reach the target phospholipid membrane. HGIIA is constitutively expressed at high concentrations at sites of possible bacterial entry, e.g. in tears, skin and small intestine. In serum, normal concentrations are low but can increase up to 1,000-fold upon inflammation or infection. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments suggest an important role for hGIIA in defense against two human pathogens, Group A and Group B Streptococcus (GAS, GBS). We demonstrate that the Lancefield cell wall polysaccharides that are expressed by these bacteria, the Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) for GAS and the Group B Carbohydrate (GBC) for GBS, are required for optimal hGIIA bactericidal efficacy by facilitating penetration through the peptidoglycan layer. Given the increased hGIIA resistance of antigen-modified or antigen-deficient streptococci, it will be of interest to determine potential regulatory mechanisms regarding expression of streptococcal Lancefield polysaccharides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>van Hensbergen, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Movert, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Maat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Breton, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambeau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henningham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Strijp, J. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlsson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIver, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Sorge, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/269779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Streptococcal Lancefield polysaccharides are critical cell wall determinants for human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 to exert its bactericidal effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hedgehog signaling controls progenitor differentiation timing during heart development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterochrony, defined as differences in the timing of developmental processes, impacts organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. The molecular basis of heterochrony in mammalian tissues is poorly understood. We report that Hedgehog signaling activates a heterochronic pathway that controls differentiation timing in multiple lineages. A differentiation trajectory from second heart field cardiac progenitors to first heart field cardiomyocytes was identified by single-cell transcriptional profiling in mouse embryos. A survey of developmental signaling pathways revealed specific enrichment for Hedgehog signaling targets in cardiac progenitors. Removal of Hh signaling caused loss of progenitor and precocious cardiomyocyte differentiation gene expression in the second heart field in vivo. Introduction of active Hh signaling to mESC-derived progenitors, modelled by transient expression of the Hh-dependent transcription factor GLI1, delayed differentiation in cardiac and neural lineages in vitro. A shared GLI1-dependent network in both cardiac and neural progenitors was enriched with FOX family transcription factors. FOXF1, a GLI1 target, was sufficient to delay onset of the cardiomyocyte differentiation program in progenitors, by epigenetic repression of cardiomyocyte-specific enhancers. Removal of active Hh signaling or Foxf1 expression from second heart field progenitors caused precocious cardiac differentiation in vivo, establishing a mechanism for resultant Congenital Heart Disease. Together, these studies suggest that Hedgehog signaling directly activates a gene regulatory network that functions as a heterochronic switch to control differentiation timing across developmental lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rowton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steimle, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzzetta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarevic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs-Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Cervantes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S. S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikegami, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garry, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moskowitz, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/270751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hedgehog signaling controls progenitor differentiation timing during heart development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brainstem control of urethral sphincter relaxation and scent marking behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/270801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urination may occur either reflexively in response to a full bladder or deliberately irrespective of immediate need. Voluntary control is desired because it ensures that waste is expelled when consciously desired and socially appropriate1,2. Urine release requires two primary components: bladder pressure and urethral relaxation1-3. Although the bladder contracts during urination, its slow smooth muscle is not under direct voluntary control and its contraction alone is not sufficient for voiding. The decisive action of urination is at the urethral sphincter, where striated muscle permits fast control. This sphincter is normally constricted, but relaxes to enable urine flow. Barringtons nucleus (Bar, or pontine micturition center) in the brainstem is known to be essential for the switch from urine storage to elimination4-7, and a subset of Bar neurons expressing corticotropin releasing hormone (BarCRH) have recently been shown to promote bladder contraction8-10. However, Bar neurons that relax the urethral sphincter to enable urination behavior have not been identified. Here we describe novel brainstem neurons that control the external urethral sphincter. We find that scent marking behavior in male mice depends upon a subpopulation of spatially clustered Bar neurons that express high levels of estrogen receptor 1 (BarESR1). These neurons are glutamatergic, project to urinary nuclei in the spinal cord with a bias towards sphincter-inhibiting interneurons, and their activity correlates with natural urination. Optogenetic stimulation of BarESR1 neurons rapidly initiates sphincter bursting and efficient voiding in absence of sensory cues in anesthetized and behaving animals. Conversely, inhibiting the activity of these neurons prevents olfactory cues from promoting scent marking behavior. The identification of BarESR1 cells provides an expanded model for the supraspinal control of urination and its dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E. H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lilascharoen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/270801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brainstem control of urethral sphincter relaxation and scent marking behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microzooplankton distribution in the Amundsen Sea Polynya (Antarctica) during an extensive Phaeocystis antarctica bloom 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Antarctica, summer is a time of extreme environmental shifts resulting in large coastal phytoplankton blooms fueling the food web. Despite the importance of the microbial loop in remineralizing biomass from primary production, studies of how microzooplankton communities respond to such blooms in the Southern Ocean are rather scarce. Microzooplankton (ciliates and dinoflagellates) communities were investigated combining microscopy and 18S rRNA sequencing analyses in the Amundsen Sea Polynya during an extensive summer bloom of Phaeocystis antarctica. The succession of microzooplankton was further assessed during a 15-day induced bloom microcosm experiment. Dinoflagellates accounted for up to 58% the microzooplankton biomass in situ with Gymnodinium spp., Protoperidium spp. and Gyrodinium spp. constituting 87% of the dinoflagellate biomass. Strombilidium spp., Strombidium spp. and tintinids represented 90% of the ciliates biomass. Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium and tintinnids are known grazers of Phaeocystis, suggesting that this prymnesiophyte selected for the key microzooplankton taxa. Availability of other potential prey, such as diatoms, heterotrophic nanoflagellates and bacteria, also correlated to changes in microzooplankton community structure. Overall, both heterotrophy and mixotrophy appeared to be key trophic strategies of the dominant microzooplankton observed, suggesting that they influence carbon flow in the microbial food web through top-down control on the phytoplankton community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinasquet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logares, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertilsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kjellerup, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krabberod, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moksnes, P.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riemann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/271635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microzooplankton distribution in the Amundsen Sea Polynya (Antarctica) during an extensive Phaeocystis antarctica bloom]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/274274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeat-specific functions for the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II in budding yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/274274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is required to regulate transcription and to integrate it with other essential cellular processes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the CTD of Rpb1p consists of 26 conserved heptad repeats that are post-translationally modified to orchestrate protein factor binding at different stages of the transcription cycle. A long-standing question in the study of the CTD is if there are any functional differences between the 26 repeats. In this study, we present evidence that repeats of identical sequence have different functions based on their position within the CTD. We assembled plasmids expressing Rpb1p with serine to alanine substitutions in three defined regions of the CTD and measured a range of phenotypes for yeast expressing these constructs. Mutations in the beginning and middle regions of the CTD had drastic, and region-specific effects, while mutating the distal region had no observable phenotype. Further mutational analysis determined that Ser5 within the first region of repeats was solely responsible for the observed growth differences and sequencing fast-growing suppressors allowed us to further define the functional regions of the CTD. This mutational analysis is consistent with current structural models for how the RNAPII holoenzyme and the CTD specifically would reside in complex with Mediator and establishes a foundation for studying regioselective binding along the repetitive RNAPII CTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Babokhov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosaheb, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/274274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeat-specific functions for the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II in budding yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/274696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crowding tunes 3D collagen fibrils and reveals matrix regulation of cancer cell morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/274696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is well established that the collagenous extracellular matrix surrounding solid tumors significantly influences the dissemination of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because of a lack of methods to modulate collagen fibril topology in the presence of embedded cells. In this work, we develop a technique to tune the fibril architecture of cell-laden 3D collagen matrices using PEG as an inert molecular crowding agent. With this approach, we demonstrate that fibril length and pore size can be modulated independently of bulk collagen density and stiffness. Using live cell imaging and quantitative analysis, we show that matrices with long fibrils induce cell elongation and single cell migration, while shorter fibrils induce cell rounding, collective migration, and morphogenesis. We conclude that fibril architecture is an independent regulator of cancer cell phenotype and that cell shape and invasion strategy are functions of collagen fibril length.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranamukhaarachchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/274696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crowding tunes 3D collagen fibrils and reveals matrix regulation of cancer cell morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/275917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) in two population-based cohorts (N=141,958) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/275917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are common conditions that have enormous social and economic consequences. We obtained quantitative measures using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) from two population-based cohorts of European ancestry: UK Biobank (UKB; N=121,604) and 23andMe (N=20,328) and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. We also performed GWAS for AUDIT items 1-3, which focus on consumption (AUDIT-C), and for items 4-10, which focus on the problematic consequences of drinking (AUDIT-P). The GWAS meta-analysis of AUDIT total score identified 10 associated risk loci. Novel associations localized to genes including JCAD and SLC39A13; we also replicated previously identified signals in the genes ADH1B, ADH1C, KLB, and GCKR. The dimensions of AUDIT showed positive genetic correlations with alcohol consumption (rg=0.76-0.92) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) alcohol dependence (rg=0.33-0.63). AUDIT-P and AUDIT-C showed significantly different patterns of association across a number of traits, including psychiatric disorders. AUDIT-P was positively genetically correlated with schizophrenia (rg=0.22, p=3.0x10-10), major depressive disorder (rg=0.26, p=5.6x10-3), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; rg=0.23, p=1.1x10-5), whereas AUDIT-C was negatively genetically correlated with major depressive disorder (rg=-0.24, p=3.7x10-3) and ADHD (rg=-0.10, p=1.8x10-2). We also used the AUDIT data in the UKB to identify thresholds for dichotomizing AUDIT total score that optimize genetic correlations with DSM-IV alcohol dependence. Coding individuals with AUDIT total score of [&le;]4 as controls and [&ge;]12 as cases produced a high genetic correlation with DSM-IV alcohol dependence (rg=0.82, p=3.2x10-6) while retaining most subjects. We conclude that AUDIT scores ascertained in population-based cohorts can be used to explore the genetic basis of both alcohol consumption and AUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Substance Use Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edenberg, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crist, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deary, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/275917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) in two population-based cohorts (N=141,958)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing single-cell RNA-seq datasets with Similarity Weighted Nonnegative Embedding (SWNE) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/276261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High throughput single-cell gene expression profiling has enabled the characterization of novel cell types and developmental trajectories. Visualizing these datasets is crucial to biological interpretation, and the most popular method is t-Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE), which visualizes local patterns better than other methods, but often distorts global structure, such as distances between clusters. We developed Similarity Weighted Nonnegative Embedding (SWNE), which enhances interpretation of datasets by embedding the genes and factors that separate cell states alongside the cells on the visualization, captures local structure better than t-SNE and existing methods, and maintains fidelity when visualizing global structure. SWNE uses nonnegative matrix factorization to decompose the gene expression matrix into biologically relevant factors, embeds the cells, genes and factors in a 2D visualization, and uses a similarity matrix to smooth the embeddings. We demonstrate SWNE on single cell RNA-seq data from hematopoietic progenitors and human brain cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/276261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing single-cell RNA-seq datasets with Similarity Weighted Nonnegative Embedding (SWNE)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reference haplotype panel for genome-wide imputation of short tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are involved in dozens of Mendelian disorders and have been implicated in a variety of complex traits. However, existing technologies focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have not allowed for systematic STR association studies. Here, we leverage next-generation sequencing data from 479 families to create a SNP+STR reference haplotype panel for genome-wide imputation of STRs into SNP data. Imputation achieved an average of 97% concordance between genotyped and imputed STR genotypes in an external dataset compared to 63% expected under a random model. Performance varied widely across STRs, with near perfect concordance at bi-allelic STRs vs. 70% at highly polymorphic forensics markers. We demonstrate that imputation increases power over individual SNPs to detect STR associations using simulated phenotypes and gene expression data. This resource will enable the first large-scale STR association studies using existing SNP datasets, and will likely yield new insights into complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reference haplotype panel for genome-wide imputation of short tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen-Science Microbiome Research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although much work has linked the human microbiome to specific phenotypes and lifestyle variables, data from different projects have been challenging to integrate and the extent of microbial and molecular diversity in human stool remains unknown. Using standardized protocols from the Earth Microbiome Project and sample contributions from over 10,000 citizen-scientists, together with an open research network, we compare human microbiome specimens primarily from the USA, UK, and Australia to one another and to environmental samples. Our results show an unexpected range of beta-diversity in human stool microbiomes as compared to environmental samples, demonstrate the utility of procedures for removing the effects of overgrowth during room-temperature shipping for revealing phenotype correlations, uncover new molecules and kinds of molecular communities in the human stool metabolome, and examine emergent associations among the microbiome, metabolome, and the diversity of plants that are consumed (rather than relying on reductive categorical variables such as veganism, which have little or no explanatory power). We also demonstrate the utility of the living data resource and cross-cohort comparison to confirm existing associations between the microbiome and psychiatric illness, and to reveal the extent of microbiome change within one individual during surgery, providing a paradigm for open microbiome research and education.nnImportanceWe show that a citizen-science, self-selected cohort shipping samples through the mail at room temperature recaptures many known microbiome results from clinically collected cohorts and reveals new ones. Of particular interest is integrating n=1 study data with the population data, showing that the extent of microbiome change after events such as surgery can exceed differences between distinct environmental biomes, and the effect of diverse plants in the diet which we confirm with untargeted metabolomics on hundreds of samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelius, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behsaz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRight Goldasicha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahimipourg, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaffney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogul, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugenholtz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenhower, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeste, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knights, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosciolek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meleshko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohimani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montassier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navas-Molina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peddada, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rah</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[American Gut: an Open Platform for Citizen-Science Microbiome Research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dysregulation of the engulfment pathway in the gut fuels Inflammatory Bowel Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUND & AIMSLuminal dysbiosis is ubiquitous in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but how the microbes trigger pro-inflammatory cascades in the epithelial and phagocytic cells remains unknown. Here we investigated the role of the microbial sensor ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) in sensing and responding to IBD-associated microbes in the gut epithelium and in macrophages.nnMETHODSA stem cell-based technique is used to grow enteroids from WT and ELMO1-/-mice and from colonic biopsies of patients with IBD and subsequently differentiate them into enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) that mimic the gut epithelium/Gut in a dish. EDMs infected with IBD-associated invasive E. coli-LF82 were analyzed for bacterial internalization, cytokine production and monocyte-recruitment when co-cultured with monocytes.nnRESULTSExpression of ELMO1 is elevated in the colonic epithelium and in the inflammatory infiltrates within the lamina propria in IBD, higher expression correlated with elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and TNF-. ELMO1-/-murine EDMs displayed a significant reduction of bacterial internalization through epithelial tight junctions and in MCP-1 production compared to WT mice. MCP-1 that is released from the epithelium recruited monocytes. Once recruited, macrophages required ELMO1 to engulf the bacteria and propagate a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine storm (TNF-).nnCONCLUSIONSELMO1 couples microbial-sensing to inflammation in both phagocytic and non-phagocytic host cells; it is required for the production of MCP-1 in the epithelium and TNF- in macrophages. Findings raise the possibility that upregulation of epithelial ELMO1 and the epithelial ELMO1[-&gt;]MCP-1 axis may serve as an early biomarker and therapeutic target, respectively, in IBD and other disorders of inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suarez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joosen, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunkel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulai, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandborn, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/280172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dysregulation of the engulfment pathway in the gut fuels Inflammatory Bowel Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A homing CRISPR mouse resource for barcoding and lineage tracing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular barcoding using nuclease-induced genetic mutations is an effective approach that is emerging for recording biological information, including developmental lineages. We have previously introduced the homing CRISPR system as a promising methodology for generating such barcodes with scalable diversity and without crosstalk. Here, we present a mouse line (MARC1) with multiple genomically-integrated and heritable homing guide RNAs (hgRNAs). We determine the genomic locations of these hgRNAs, their activity profiles during gestation, and the diversity of their mutants. We apply the line for unique barcoding of mouse embryos and differential barcoding of embryonic tissues. We conclude that this mouse line can address the unique challenges associated with in vivo barcoding in mammalian model organisms and is thus an enabling platform for recording and lineage tracing applications in a mammalian model system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalhor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leeper, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graveline, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Church, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/280289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A homing CRISPR mouse resource for barcoding and lineage tracing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Escher-FBA: A web application for interactive flux balance analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFlux balance analysis (FBA) is a widely-used method for analyzing metabolic networks. However, most existing tools that implement FBA require downloading software and writing code. Furthermore, FBA generates predictions for metabolic networks with thousands of components, so meaningful changes in FBA solutions can be difficult to identify. These challenges make it difficult for beginners to learn how FBA works.nnResultsTo meet this need, we present Escher-FBA, a web application for interactive FBA simulations within a pathway visualization. Escher-FBA allows users to set flux bounds, knock out reactions, change objective functions, upload metabolic models, and generate high-quality figures without downloading software or writing code. We provide detailed instructions on how to use Escher-FBA to replicate several FBA simulations that generate real scientific hypotheses.nnConclusionsWe designed Escher-FBA to be as intuitive as possible so that users can quickly and easily understand the core concepts of FBA. The web application can be accessed at https://sbrg.github.io/escher-fba.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rowe, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/281600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Escher-FBA: A web application for interactive flux balance analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Puf-A, a Novel Component of 90S Pre-ribosome, Links Ribosome Biogenesis to Cancer Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/281857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We describe a novel biogenesis factor of the 90S pre-ribosome, Puf-A, which is a negative transcriptional target of p53. The expression of Puf-A is not only upregulated in advanced human lung cancer and tumors of patients especially with TP53 mutation, but also is highly prognostic for stage I lung cancer. Loss of Puf-A expression prevents KrasG12D/p53-/--induced tumor progression in the lungs and induces apoptosis in TP53- mutated cancers and c-Myc/p53-/--transformed cells as well. Overexpression of Puf-A enhances proliferation of normal cells after c-Myc induction and overcomes the cell-cycle checkpoints incurred by p53 expression. Mechanistically, Puf-A interacts with double-stranded structures of the 5.8S sequence within pre-rRNA and maintains the integrity of 90S pre-ribosomes, thereby impacting early ribosome assembly and export of ribosomes from nuclei. Silencing of Puf-A disrupts the assembly of 90S pre-ribosomes and induces the translocation of its associated nucleophosmin (NPM1) from nucleoli to the nucleoplasm, resulting in impairment of ribosome synthesis. Thus, Puf-A is crucial for over-activation of ribosome biogenesis and contributes to tumor progression and cancer growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, I.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, M.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, R.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/281857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Puf-A, a Novel Component of 90S Pre-ribosome, Links Ribosome Biogenesis to Cancer Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insulin Signaling-independent Activation of DAF-16 Shapes the Transcriptome during Normal Aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The roles and regulatory mechanisms of transriptome changes during aging are unclear. It has been proposed that the transcriptome suffers decay during aging owing to age-associated down-regulation of transcription factors. In this study, we characterized the role of a transcription factor DAF-16, which is a highly conserved lifespan regulator, in the normal aging process of Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that DAF-16 translocates into the nucleus in aged wild-type worms and activates the expression of hundreds of genes in response to age-associated cellular stress. Most of the age-dependent DAF-16 targets are different from the canonical DAF-16 targets downstream of insulin signaling, indicating that activation of DAF-16 during aging is not due to reduced insulin signaling from DAF-2. Further analysis showed that it is due to the loss of proteostasis during aging, at least in part. We also found that without daf-16, dramatic gene expression changes occur as early as on adult day 2, indicating that DAF-16 acts to stabilize the transcriptome during normal aging. Our results thus reveal that normal aging is not simply a process in which the gene expression program descends into chaos due to loss of regulatory activities; rather, there is active transcriptional regulation that fights aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/284083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insulin Signaling-independent Activation of DAF-16 Shapes the Transcriptome during Normal Aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High dimensional analyses of cells dissociated from cryopreserved synovial tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDetailed molecular analyses of cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium hold promise in identifying cellular phenotypes that drive tissue pathology and joint damage. The Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP) RA/SLE network aims to deconstruct autoimmune pathology by examining cells within target tissues through multiple high-dimensional assays. Robust standardized protocols need to be developed before cellular phenotypes at a single cell level can be effectively compared across patient samples.nnMethodsMultiple clinical sites collected cryopreserved synovial tissue fragments from arthroplasty and synovial biopsy in a 10%-DMSO solution. Mechanical and enzymatic dissociation parameters were optimized for viable cell extraction and surface protein preservation for cell sorting and mass cytometry, as well as for reproducibility in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Cryopreserved synovial samples were collectively analyzed at a central processing site by a custom-designed and validated 35-marker mass cytometry panel. In parallel, each sample was flow sorted into fibroblast, T cell, B cell, and macrophage suspensions for bulk population RNA-seq and plate-based single cell CEL-Seq2 RNA-seq.nnResultsUpon dissociation, cryopreserved synovial tissue fragments yielded a high frequency of viable cells, comparable to samples undergoing immediate processing. Optimization of synovial tissue dissociation across six clinical collection sites with [~]30 arthroplasty and [~]20 biopsy samples yielded a consensus digestion protocol using 100{micro}g/mL of Liberase TL enzyme. This protocol yielded immune and stromal cell lineages with preserved surface markers and minimized variability across replicate RNA-seq transcriptomes. Mass cytometry analysis of cells from cryopreserved synovium distinguished: 1) diverse fibroblast phenotypes, 2) distinct populations of memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells, and 3) multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation states. Bulk RNA sequencing of sorted cell populations demonstrated robust separation of synovial lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Single cell RNA-seq produced transcriptomes of over 1000 genes/cell, including transcripts encoding characteristic lineage markers identified.nnConclusionWe have established a robust protocol to acquire viable cells from cryopreserved synovial tissue with intact transcriptomes and cell surface phenotypes. A centralized pipeline to generate multiple high-dimensional analyses of synovial tissue samples collected across a collaborative network was developed. Integrated analysis of such datasets from large patient cohorts may help define molecular heterogeneity within RA pathology and identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donlin, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slowikowski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGeachy, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meednu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizoguchi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Arcelus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieb, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keegan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muskat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenhaure, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherby, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusbaum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pernis, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivashkiv, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utz, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lederer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravallese, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyce, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitzalis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregersen, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychaudhuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bykerk, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, M. B</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/284844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High dimensional analyses of cells dissociated from cryopreserved synovial tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared genetic contribution to type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of shared genetic risk in the etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the mechanisms of these effects is unknown. In this study, we generated T1D association data of 15k samples imputed into the HRC reference panel which we compared to T2D association data of 159k samples imputed into 1000 Genomes. The effects of genetic variants on T1D and T2D risk at known loci and genome-wide were positively correlated, which we replicated using data from the UK Biobank and clinically-defined diabetes in the WTCCC. Increased risk of T1D and T2D was correlated with higher fasting insulin and fasting glucose level and decreased birth weight, among T1D- and T2D-specifc correlations, and T1D and T2D associated variants were enriched in regulatory elements for pancreatic, insulin resistance (adipose, CD19+ B cell), and developmental (CD184+ endoderm) cell types. We fine-mapped causal variants at known T1D and T2D loci and found evidence for co-localization at five signals, four of which had same direction of effect, including CENPW and GLIS3. Shared risk variants at GLIS3 and other signals were associated with measures of islet function, while CENPW was associated with early growth, and we identified shared risk variants at GLIS3 in islet accessible chromatin with allelic effects on islet regulatory activity. Our findings support shared genetic risk involving variants affecting islet function as well as insulin resistance, growth and development in the etiology of T1D and T2D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadakia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/285304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared genetic contribution to type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphoserine acidic cluster motifs in the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins bind distinct basic regions on the μ subunits of clathrin adaptor protein complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein trafficking in the endosomal system involves the recognition of specific signals within the cytoplasmic domains (CDs) of transmembrane proteins by clathrin adaptors. One such signal is the phosphoserine acidic cluster (PSAC), the prototype of which is in the endoprotease Furin. How PSACs are recognized by clathrin adaptors has been controversial. We reported previously that HIV-1 Vpu, which modulates cellular immunoreceptors, contains a PSAC that binds to the {micro} subunits of clathrin adaptor protein (AP) complexes. Here, we show that the CD of Furin binds the {micro} subunits of AP-1 and AP-2 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Moreover, we identify a PSAC in a cytoplasmic loop of the cellular transmembrane Serinc3, an inhibitor of the infectivity of retroviruses. The two serines within the PSAC of Serinc3 are phosphorylated by casein kinase II and mediate interaction with the {micro} subunits in vitro. The sites of these serines vary among mammals in a manner consistent with host-pathogen conflict, yet the Serinc3-PSAC seems dispensible for anti-HIV activity and for counteraction by HIV-1 Nef. The CDs of Vpu, Furin, and the PSAC-containing loop of Serinc3 each bind the  subunit of AP-2 ({micro}2) with similar affinities, but they appear to utilize different basic regions on {micro}2. The Serinc3 loop requires a region previously reported to bind the acidic plasma membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. These data suggest that the PSACs within different proteins recognize different basic regions on the {micro} surface, providing the potential to inhibit the activity of viral proteins without necessarily affecting cellular protein trafficking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenaga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyatt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. o.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/286633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphoserine acidic cluster motifs in the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins bind distinct basic regions on the μ subunits of clathrin adaptor protein complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perturbed functional networks in Alzheimers Disease reveal opposing roles for TGIF and EGR3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/286674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, complex combinations of the underlying pathologies have led to evolved concepts in clinical and neuropathological criteria in the past decade. Pathological AD can be decomposed into subsets of individuals with significantly different antemortem cognitive decline rates. Using transcriptome as a proxy for functional state, we preselected 414 expression profiles of clinically and neuropathologically confirmed AD subjects and age matched non-demented controls sampled from a large community based neuropathological study. By combining brain tissue specific protein interactome with gene network, we identify functionally distinct composite clusters of genes which reveal extensive changes in expression levels in AD. The average global expression for clusters corresponding to synaptic transmission, metabolism, cell cycle, survival and immune response were downregulated while the upregulated cluster had a large set of uncharacterized pathways and processes that may constitute an AD specific phenotypic signature. We identified four master regulators across all clusters of differentially expressed genes by enrichment analysis including TGIF1 and EGR3. These transcription factors have previously not been associated with AD and were validated in brain tissue samples from an independent AD cohort. We identify TGIF1, a transcriptional repressor as being neuroprotective in AD by activating co-repressors regulating genes critical for DNA repair, maintaining homeostasis and arresting cell cycle. In addition, we show that loss of EGR3 regulation, mediates synaptic deficits by targeting the synaptic vesicle cycle. Collectively, our results highlight the utility of integrating protein interactions with gene perturbations to generate a comprehensive framework for characterizing the alterations in molecular network as applied to AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Canchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masliah, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jager, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/286674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perturbed functional networks in Alzheimers Disease reveal opposing roles for TGIF and EGR3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/289702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cystinosin regulates kidney inflammation through its interaction with galectin-3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/289702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders. Here, we show that cystinosin, protein defective in the lysosomal storage disorder cystinosis, is a critical regulator of galectin-3 during inflammation. Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disorder and despite ubiquitous expression of cystinosin, kidney is the primary organ to be impacted by the disease. Here, we show that cystinosin interacts with galectin-3 and enhances its lysosomal localization and degradation. Galectin-3 is also found overexpressed in the kidney of the mouse model of cystinosis, Ctns-/-mice. Absence of galectin-3 in Ctns-/- mice led to a better renal function and structure, and decreased macrophage/monocyte infiltration in the kidney. Finally, galectin-3 interacts with a protein implicated in the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages during inflammation, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP1), that was found increased in the serum of Ctns-/- mice. These findings highlight a new role of cystinosin and galectin-3 interaction in inflammation, providing a mechanistic explanation for kidney disease pathogenesis in cystinosis, which may lead to the identification of new drug targets to delay its progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lobry, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nevo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocca, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catz, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailleux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrera, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gubler, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antignac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherqui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/289702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cystinosin regulates kidney inflammation through its interaction with galectin-3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/289918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature-dependent estimation of Gibbs energies using an updated group contribution method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/289918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reaction equilibrium constants determine the mass action ratios necessary to drive flux through metabolic pathways. Group contribution methods offer a way to estimate reaction equilibrium constants at wide coverage across the metabolic network. Here, we present an updated group contribution method with: 1) additional curated thermodynamic data used in fitting; and 2) capabilities to calculate equilibrium constants as a function of temperature. We first collected and curated aqueous thermo-dynamic data, including reaction equilibrium constants, enthalpies of reaction, Gibbs free energies of formation, enthalpies of formation, entropies change of formation of compounds, and proton and metal ion binding constants. We further estimated magnesium binding constants for 618 compounds using a linear regression model validated against measured data. Next, we formulated the calculation of equilibrium constants as a function of temperature and calculated necessary parameters, including standard entropy change of formation ({Delta}f S{circ}) and standard entropy change of reaction ({Delta}rS{circ}), using a model based on molecular properties. The median absolute errors in estimating {Delta}f S{circ} and {Delta}rS{circ} were 0.010 kJ/K/mol and 0.018 kJ/K/mol, respectively. The efforts here fill in gaps for thermodynamic calculations under various conditions, specifically different temperatures and metal ion concentrations. These results support the study of thermodynamic driving forces underlying the metabolic function of organisms living under diverse conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/289918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature-dependent estimation of Gibbs energies using an updated group contribution method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rainbow-seq: combining cell lineage tracking with single-cell RNA sequencing in preimplantation embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq experiments cannot record cell division history and therefore cannot directly connect intercellular differences at a later developmental stage to their progenitor cells. We developed Rainbow-seq to combine cell division lineage tracing with single-cell RNA-seq. With distinct fluorescent protein genes as lineage markers, Rainbow-seq enables each single-cell RNA-seq experiment to simultaneously read single-cell transcriptomes and decode the lineage marker genes. We traced the lineages deriving from each blastomere in two-cell mouse embryos and observed inequivalent contributions to the embryonic and abembryonic poles in 72% of the blastocysts evaluated. Rainbow-seq on four- and eight-cell embryos with lineage tracing triggered at two-cell stage exhibited remarkable transcriptome-wide differences between the two cell lineages at both stages, including genes involved in negative regulation of transcription and signaling. These data provide critical insights on cell fate choices in cleavage embryos. Rainbow-seq bridged a critical gap between cellular division history and single-cell RNA-seq assays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biase, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivas-Astroza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/293134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rainbow-seq: combining cell lineage tracking with single-cell RNA sequencing in preimplantation embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/299388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreatic islet chromatin accessibility and conformation defines distal enhancer networks of type 2 diabetes risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/299388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gene targets of enhancer activity in pancreatic islets are largely unknown, impeding discovery of islet regulatory networks involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We mapped chromatin state, accessibility and conformation using ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and Hi-C in human pancreatic islets, which we integrated with T2D genetic fine-mapping and islet expression QTL data. Active islet regulatory elements preferentially interacted with other active elements, often at distances over 1MB, and we identified target genes for thousands of distal islet enhancers. A third of T2D risk signals mapped in islet enhancers, and target genes regulated by these signals were specifically involved in processes related to protein transport and secretion. Among implicated target genes of T2D islet enhancer signals with no prior known role in islet function, we demonstrated that reduced IGF2BP2 activity in mouse islets leads to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These results link distal islet enhancer regulation of protein secretion and transport to genetic risk of T2D, and highlight the utility of high-throughput chromatin conformation maps to uncover the gene regulatory networks of complex disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nariai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadakia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrufet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drees, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinckier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minichiello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avruch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/299388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreatic islet chromatin accessibility and conformation defines distal enhancer networks of type 2 diabetes risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large time step discrete-time modeling of sharp wave activity in hippocampal area CA3. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/303917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reduced models of neuronal spiking activity simulated with a fixed integration time step are frequently used in studies of spatio-temporal dynamics of neurobiological networks. The choice of fixed time step integration provides computational simplicity and efficiency, especially in cases dealing with large number of neurons and synapses operating at a different level of activity across the population at any given time. A network model tuned to generate a particular type of oscillations or wave patterns is sensitive to the intrinsic properties of neurons and synapses and, therefore, commonly susceptible to changes in the time step of integration. In this study, we analyzed a model of sharp-wave activity in the network of hippocampal area CA3, to examine how an increase of the integration time step affects network behavior and to propose adjustments of intrinsic properties of neurons and synapses that help minimize or remove the damage caused by the time step increase.nnHighlightsO_LISpiking models of neural network activity are sensitive to the integration stepnC_LIO_LILarger integration time steps are preferable in simulating large networksnC_LIO_LICase study of CA3 sharp waves shows time step increase damages network dynamicsnC_LIO_LINeuronal and synaptic parameters adjustments rescue the dynamics at large time step1nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malerba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rulkov, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/303917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large time step discrete-time modeling of sharp wave activity in hippocampal area CA3.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/305599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sub-2 A Ewald Curvature Corrected Single-Particle Cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/305599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) provides a powerful methodology for structural biologists, but the resolutions typically attained with experimentally determined structures have lagged behind microscope capabilities. Here, we have exploited several technical solutions to improve resolution, including sub-Angstrom pixelation, per-particle CTF refinement, and most notably a correction for Ewald sphere curvature. The application of these methods on micrographs recorded on a base model Titan Krios enabled structure determination at [~]1.86-[A] resolution of an adeno-associated virus serotype 2 variant (AAV2), an important gene-delivery vehicle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietzsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grieger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samulski, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbandje-McKenna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyumkis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/305599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sub-2 A Ewald Curvature Corrected Single-Particle Cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome Wide Association Scan identifies new variants associated with a cognitive predictor of dyslexia. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is one of the most prevalent learning disorders among children and is characterized by deficits in different cognitive skills, including reading, spelling, short term memory and others. To help unravel the genetic basis of these skills, we conducted a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS), including nine cohorts of reading-impaired and typically developing children of European ancestry, recruited across different countries (N=2,562-3,468).nnWe observed a genome-wide significant effect (p<1x10-8) on rapid automatized naming of letters (RANlet) for variants on 18q12.2 within MIR924HG (micro-RNA 924 host gene; p = 4.73x10-9), and a suggestive association on 8q12.3 within NKAIN3 (encoding a cation transporter; p = 2.25 x10-8). RAN represents one of the best universal predictors of reading fluency across orthographies and linkage to RAN has been previously reported within CELF4 (18q12.2), a gene highly expressed in the fetal brain which is co-expressed with NKAIN3 and predicted to be a target of MIR924. These findings suggest new candidate DD susceptibility genes and provide insights into the genetics and neurobiology of dyslexia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gialluisi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andlauer, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirza-Schreiber, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czamara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Pourcain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandler, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honbolygo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csepe, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huguet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulslander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willcutt, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeFries, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennington, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaessen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyytinen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peyrard-Janvid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppanen, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandeis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talcott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fauchereau, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgeron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monaco, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landerl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scerri, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paracchini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller-</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/309336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome Wide Association Scan identifies new variants associated with a cognitive predictor of dyslexia.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/310318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Site-specific transgenesis of the D. melanogaster Y-chromosome using CRISPR/Cas9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/310318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the importance of Y-chromosomes in evolution and sex determination, their heterochromatic, repeat-rich nature makes them difficult to sequence and genetically manipulate, and therefore they generally remain poorly understood. For example, the D. melanogaster Y-chromosome, one of the best understood, is widely heterochromatic and composed mainly of highly repetitive sequences, with only a handful of expressed genes scattered throughout its length. Efforts to insert transgenes on this chromosome have thus far relied on either random insertion of transposons (sometimes harboring  landing sites for subsequent integrations) with limited success or on chromosomal translocations, thereby limiting the types of Y-chromosome related questions that could be explored. Here we describe a versatile approach to site-specifically insert transgenes on the Y-chromosome in D. melanogaster via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HDR. We demonstrate the ability to insert, and detect expression from, fluorescently marked transgenic transgenes at two specific locations on the Y-chromosome, and we utilize these marked Y-chromosomes to detect and quantify rare chromosomal nondisjunction effects. Finally, we discuss how this Y-docking technique could be adapted to other insects to aid in the development of genetic control technologies for the management of insect disease vectors and pests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buchman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/310318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Site-specific transgenesis of the D. melanogaster Y-chromosome using CRISPR/Cas9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/311407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide Association Study for Noise-induced Cochlear Synaptopathy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/311407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Article SummaryIn order to elucidate the genetic architecture of the auditory hair cell synapse and the susceptibility to noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, we are providing the first genome-wide association study with 111 strains (n=695) of the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel based upon the strain variation of the wave 1 P1-N1 amplitude of the auditory brainstem responses both before and after noise exposure. Based on this association analysis and our cochlear gene expression data, we identified several novel loci and prioritized positional candidate genes related to cochlear synaptopathy, especially after exposure to noise.nnAbstractThis is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) with the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP) to define the genetic landscape of the auditory hair cell synapse and the susceptibility to noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy. We tested 5-week old female mice (n=695) from 111 HMDP strains (n= 6-7/strain) at baseline and post noise exposure using ABR wave 1 suprathreshold amplitudes (P1-N1 at 80 dB SPL) at 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32 kHz tone burst stimuli. Mice were exposed for 2 hours to 10 kHz octave band noise (OBN) at 108 dB SPL. A broad range of suprathreshold ABR wave 1 amplitude were detected across the HMDP strains. At the genome-wide significance threshold (-logP = 5.39), associations on Chr. 3 and Chr. 16 were identified at baseline. Also, association peaks on Chr. 2 and Chr. 13 were determined post noise exposure. In order to prioritize candidate genes, we generated gene expression microarray profiles using RNA isolated from cochleae in 64 HMDP strains (n =3 arrays per strain). We then used EMMA to perform an association analysis between all SNPs and array probes mapping within each region. A total of 17 genes (2 within Chr. 3 association, 6 within Chr. 2 association and 9 within Chr. 13 association) of these 3 loci were identified with at least 1 probe whose expression was regulated by a significant cis eQTL in the cochlea. Also, the genetic architecture of noise induced cochlear synaptopathy is distinct from that of baseline auditory nerve/synapse integrity. In summary, from this GWAS and our eQTL data, we identified 4 novel loci and prioritized positional candidate genes related to cochlear synaptopathy at baseline and after exposure to noise.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lavinsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dermanaki, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/311407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide Association Study for Noise-induced Cochlear Synaptopathy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/316448v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-linked glycosylation of the antagonist Short gastrulation increases the functional complexity of BMP signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/316448v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disorders of N-linked glycosylation are increasingly reported in the literature. However, targets responsible for the associated developmental and physiological defects are largely unknown. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) act as highly dynamic complexes to regulate several functions during development. The range and strength of BMP activity depend on interactions with glycosylated protein complexes in the extracellular milieu. Here we investigate the role of glycosylation for the function of the conserved extracellular BMP antagonist Short gastrulation (Sog). We identify conserved N-glycosylated sites and describe the effect of mutating these residues on BMP pathway activity in Drosophila. Functional analysis reveals that loss of individual Sog glycosylation sites enhances BMP antagonism and/or increases the spatial range of Sog effects in the tissue. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that N-terminal and stem glycosylation controls extracellular Sog levels and distribution. The identification of similar residues in vertebrate Chordin proteins suggests that N-glycosylation may be an evolutionarily conserved process that adds complexity to the regulation of BMP activity.nnSummary StatementN-glycosylation restricts the function of Short gastrulation during Drosophila development by controlling the amount of extracellular protein. This adds another layer of complexity to regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Negreiros, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herszterg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camara, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carneiro, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todeschini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/316448</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-linked glycosylation of the antagonist Short gastrulation increases the functional complexity of BMP signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/316901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the Development of Sesamoid Bones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/316901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sesamoid bones are a special group of small auxiliary bones that form in proximity to joints and contribute to their stability and function. Sesamoid bones display high degree of variability in size, location, penetrance and anatomical connection to the main skeleton across vertebrate species. Therefore, providing a comprehensive developmental model or classification system for sesamoid bones is challenging. Here, we examine the developmental mechanisms of three anatomically different sesamoid bones, namely patella, lateral fabella and digit sesamoids. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis at the cellular, molecular and mechanical levels, we demonstrate that all three types of sesamoid bones originated from Sox9+/Scx+ progenitors under the regulation of TGF{beta} and independent of mechanical stimuli from muscles. We show that BMP4 was necessary specifically for differentiation of patella but not of lateral fabella or digit sesamoids, whereas BMP2 regulated the growth of all examined sesamoids. Next, we show that whereas patella and digit sesamoids initially formed in juxtaposition to long bones, the lateral fabella formed independently at a distance. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that while patella detached from the femur by formation of a synovial joint, digit sesamoids detached from the phalanx by a fibrocartilage joint. Collectively, these findings highlight both common and divergent molecular and mechanical features of sesamoid bone development, thereby advancing our understanding of their evolutionary plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eyal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krief, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/316901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the Development of Sesamoid Bones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Can the presence of neural probes be neglected in computational modeling of extracellular potentials? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractO_ST_ABSObjectiveC_ST_ABSMechanistic modeling of neurons is an essential component of computational neuroscience that enables scientists to simulate, explain, and explore neural activity. The conventional approach to simulation of extracellular neural recordings first computes transmembrane currents using the cable equation and then sums their contribution to model the extracellular potential. This two-step approach relies on the assumption that the extracellular space is an infinite and homogeneous conductive medium, while measurements are performed using neural probes. The main purpose of this paper is to assess to what extent the presence of the neural probes of varying shape and size impacts the extracellular field and how to correct for them.nnApproachWe apply a detailed modeling framework allowing explicit representation of the neuron and the probe to study the effect of the probes and thereby estimate the effect of ignoring it. We use meshes with simplified neurons and different types of probe and compare the extracellular action potentials with and without the probe in the extracellular space. We then compare various solutions to account for the probes presence and introduce an efficient probe correction method to include the probe effect in modeling of extracellular potentials.nnMain resultsOur computations show that microwires hardly influence the extracellular electric field and their effect can therefore be ignored. In contrast, Multi-Electrode Arrays (MEAs) significantly affect the extracellular field by magnifying the recorded potential. While MEAs behave similarly to infinite insulated planes, we find that their effect strongly depends on the neuron-probe alignment and probe orientation.nnSignificanceIgnoring the probe effect might be deleterious in some applications, such as neural localization and parameterization of neural models from extracellular recordings. Moreover, the presence of the probe can improve the interpretation of extracellular recordings, by providing a more accurate estimation of the extracellular potential generated by neuronal models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buccino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeger, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardal, K.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauwenberghs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tveito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/318741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Can the presence of neural probes be neglected in computational modeling of extracellular potentials?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/319756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensile motor activity drives coherent motions in a model of interphase chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/319756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3D spatiotemporal organization of the human genome inside the cell nucleus remains a major open question in cellular biology. In the time between two cell divisions, chromatin - the functional form of DNA in cells - fills the nucleus in its uncondensed polymeric form. Recent in-vivo imaging experiments reveal that the chromatin moves coherently, having displacements with long-ranged correlations on the scale of microns and lasting for seconds. To elucidate the mechanism(s) behind these motions, we develop a novel coarse-grained active-polymer model where chromatin is represented as a confined flexible chain acted upon by molecular motors, which perform work by exerting dipolar forces on the system. Numerical simulations of this model account for steric and hydrodynamic interactions as well as internal chain mechanics. These demonstrate that coherent motions emerge in systems involving extensile dipoles and are accompanied by large-scale chain reconfigurations and nematic ordering. Comparisons with experiments show good qualitative agreement and support the hypothesis that self-organizing long-ranged hydrodynamic couplings between chromatin-associated active motor proteins are responsible for the observed coherent dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saintillan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zidovska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/319756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensile motor activity drives coherent motions in a model of interphase chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/319962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DynamicME: Dynamic simulation and refinement of integrated models of metabolism and protein expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/319962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale models of metabolism and macromolecular expression (ME models) enable systems-level computation of proteome allocation coupled to metabolic phenotype. We develop dynamicME, an algorithm enabling time-course simulation of cell metabolism and protein expression. Our dynamicME correctly predicted the substrate utilization hierarchy on mixed carbon substrate medium. We also found good agreement between predicted and measured time-course expression profiles. ME models involve considerably more parameters than metabolic models (M models). We thus present two methods to calibrate ME models, specifically using time-course measurements such as from a (fed-) batch culture. Overall, dynamicME and the methods presented provide novel methods for understanding proteome allocation and metabolism under complex and transient environments, and to utilize time-course cell culture data for model-based interpretation or model refinement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/319962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DynamicME: Dynamic simulation and refinement of integrated models of metabolism and protein expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the information content of shallow shotgun metagenomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although microbial communities are associated with many aspects of human, environmental, plant, and animal health, there exists no cost-effective method for precisely characterizing species and genes present in such communities. While deep whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing provides the highest-level of taxonomic and functional resolution, it is often prohibitively expensive for large-scale studies. The prevailing alternative, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (16S), often does not resolve taxonomy past the genus level and provides only moderately accurate predictions of the functional profile; thus, there is currently no widely accepted approach to affordable, high-resolution, taxonomic and functional microbiome analysis. To address this technology gap, we evaluated the information content of shallow shotgun sequencing with as low as 0.5 million sequences per sample as an alternative to 16S sequencing for large human microbiome studies. We describe a library preparation protocol enabling shallow shotgun sequencing at approximately the same per-sample cost as 16S. We analyzed multiple real and simulated biological data sets, including two novel human stool samples with ultra-deep sequencing of 2.5 billion sequences per sample, and found that shallow shotgun recovers accurate species-level taxonomic and functional profiles of the human microbiome. We recognize and discuss some of the inherent limitations of shallow shotgun sequencing, and note that 16S sequencing remains a valuable and important method for taxonomic profiling of novel environments. Although deep WGS remains the gold standard for high-resolution microbiome analysis, we recommend that researchers consider shallow shotgun sequencing as a useful alternative to 16S for large-scale human microbiome research studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hillmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ghalith, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields-Cutler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckman, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knights, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/320986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the information content of shallow shotgun metagenomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Did a plant-herbivore arms race drive chemical diversity in Euphorbia? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genus Euphorbia is among the most diverse and species-rich plant genera on Earth, exhibiting a near-cosmopolitan distribution and extraordinary chemical diversity, especially across highly toxic macro-and polycyclic diterpenoids. However, very little is known about drivers and evolutionary origins of chemical diversity within Euphorbia. Here, we investigate 43 Euphorbia species to understand how geographic separation over evolutionary time has impacted chemical differentiation. We show that the structurally highly diverse Euphorbia diterpenoids are significantly reduced in species native to the Americas, compared to the Eurasian and African continents, where the genus originated. The localization of these compounds to young stems and roots suggest ecological relevance in herbivory defense and immunomodulatory defense mechanisms match diterpenoid levels, indicating chemoevolutionary adaptation to reduced herbivory pressure.nnOne Sentence SummaryGlobal chemo-evolutionary adaptation of Euphorbia affected immunomodulatory defense mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias-Scaglia, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saslis-Lagoudakis, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grace, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Swatson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassemer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>T. Simonsen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medema, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staerk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovato, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronsted, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/323014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Did a plant-herbivore arms race drive chemical diversity in Euphorbia?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organized spatial patterns of activated β2 integrins in arresting neutrophils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/323279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from leukocyte rolling to firm adhesion is called arrest. {beta}2 integrins are required for neutrophil arrest1. Chemokines can trigger neutrophil arrest in vivo2 and in vitro3. Resting integrins4 exist in a "bent-closed" conformation, i.e., not extended (E-) and not high affinity (H-), unable to bind ligand. Electron microscopic images of isolated {beta}2 integrins in "open" and "closed" conformations5 inspired the switchblade model of integrin activation from E-H- to E+H- to E+H+67. Recently8, we discovered an alternative pathway of integrin activation from E-H- to E-H+ to E+H+. Spatial patterning of activated integrins is thought to be required for effective arrest, but so far only diffraction-limited localization maps of activated integrins exist8. Here, we combine superresolution microscopy with molecular modeling to identify the molecular patterns of H+E-, H-E+, and H+E+ activated integrins on primary human neutrophils. At the time of neutrophil arrest, E+H+ integrins form oriented (non-random) nanoclusters that contain a total of 4,625{+/-}369 E+H+ {beta}2 integrin molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiosses, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zajonc, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaout, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/323279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organized spatial patterns of activated β2 integrins in arresting neutrophils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/324293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bone Morphology is Regulated Modularly by Global and Regional Genetic Programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/324293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During skeletogenesis, a variety of protrusions of different shapes and sizes develop on the surfaces of long bones. These superstructures provide stable anchoring sites for ligaments and tendons during the assembly of the musculoskeletal system. Despite their importance, the mechanism by which superstructures are patterned and ultimately give rise to the unique morphology of each long bone is far from understood. In this work, we provide further evidence that long bones form modularly from Sox9+ cells, which contribute to their substructure, and from Sox9+/Scx+ progenitors that give rise to superstructures. Moreover, we identify components of the genetic program that controls the patterning of Sox9+/Scx+ progenitors and show that this program includes both global and regional regulatory modules.nnUsing light sheet fluorescence microscopy combined with genetic lineage labeling, we mapped the broad contribution of the Sox9+/Scx+ progenitors to the formation of bone superstructures. Additionally, by combining literature-based evidence and comparative transcriptomic analysis of different Sox9+/Scx+ progenitor populations, we identified genes potentially involved in patterning of bone superstructures. We present evidence indicating that Gli3 is a global regulator of superstructure patterning, whereas Pbx1, Pbx2, Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 act as proximal and distal regulators, respectively. Moreover, by demonstrating a dose-dependent pattern regulation in Gli3 and Pbx1 compound mutations, we show that the global and regional regulatory modules work coordinately. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence for genetic regulation of superstructure patterning that further supports the notion that long bone development is a modular process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eyal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kult, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krief, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineault, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelzer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/324293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bone Morphology is Regulated Modularly by Global and Regional Genetic Programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Model-driven design and evolution of non-trivial synthetic syntrophic pairs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/327270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic microbial communities are attractive for applied biotechnology and healthcare applications through their ability to efficiently partition complex metabolic functions. By pairing auxotrophic mutants in co-culture, nascent E. coli communities can be established where strain pairs are metabolically coupled. Intuitive synthetic communities have been demonstrated, but the full space of cross-feeding metabolites has yet to be explored. A novel algorithm, OptAux, was constructed to design 66 multi-knockout E. coli auxotrophic strains that require significant metabolite cross-feeding when paired in co-culture. Three OptAux predicted auxotrophic strains were co-cultured with an L-histidine auxotroph and validated via adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Time-course sequencing revealed the genetic changes employed by each strain to achieve higher community fitness and provided insights on mechanisms for sharing and adapting to the syntrophic niche. A community model of metabolism and gene expression was utilized to predict the relative community composition and fundamental characteristics of the evolved communities. This work presents a novel computational method to elucidate metabolic changes that empower community formation and thus guide the optimization of co-cultures for a desired application.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/327270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Model-driven design and evolution of non-trivial synthetic syntrophic pairs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/328591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Y-ome defines the thirty-four percent of Escherichia coli genes that lack experimental evidence of function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/328591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experimental studies of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 often implicate poorly annotated genes in cellular phenotypes. However, we lack a systematic understanding of these genes. How many are there? What information is available for them? And what features do they share that could explain the gap in our understanding? Efforts to build predictive, whole-cell models of E. coli inevitably face this knowledge gap. We approached these questions systematically by assembling annotations from the knowledge bases EcoCyc, EcoGene, UniProt, RefSeq, and RegulonDB. We identified the genes that lack direct experimental evidence of function (the "y-ome") which include 1563 of 4653 unique genes (34%), of which 131 have absolutely no evidence of function. An additional 304 genes (6.6%) are pseudogenes or phantom genes. y-ome genes tend to have lower expression levels and are enriched in the termination region of the E. coli chromosome. Where evidence is available for y-ome genes, it most often points to them being membrane proteins and transporters. We resolve the misconception that a gene in E. coli whose primary name starts with "y" is unannotated, and we discuss the value of the y-ome for systematic improvement of E. coli knowledge bases and its extension to other organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghatak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/328591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Y-ome defines the thirty-four percent of Escherichia coli genes that lack experimental evidence of function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/329672v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing intra-lab precision and inter-lab repeatability of outgrowth assays of HIV-1 latent reservoir size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/329672v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantitative viral outgrowth assays (QVOA) use limiting dilutions of CD4+ T cells to measure the size of the latent HIV-1 reservoir, a major obstacle to curing HIV-1. Efforts to reduce the reservoir require assays that can reliably quantify its size in blood and tissues. Although QVOA is regarded as a "gold standard" for reservoir measurement, little is known about its accuracy and precision or about how cell storage conditions or laboratory-specific practices affect results. Owing to this lack of knowledge, confidence intervals around reservoir size estimates - as well as judgments of the ability of therapeutic interventions to alter the size of the replication-competent but transcriptionally inactive latent reservoir - rely on theoretical statistical assumptions about dilution assays. To address this gap, we have carried out a Bayesian statistical analysis of QVOA reliability on 75 split samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 5 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed participants, measured using four different QVOAs at separate labs, estimating assay precision and the effect of frozen cell storage on estimated reservoir size. We found that typical assay results are expected to differ from the true value by a factor of 1.6 to 1.9 up or down. Systematic assay differences comprised a 24-fold range between the assays with highest and lowest scales, likely reflecting differences in viral outgrowth readout and input cell stimulation protocols. We also found that controlled-rate freezing and storage of samples did not cause substantial differences in QVOA compared to use of fresh cells (95% probability of < 2-fold change), supporting continued use of frozen storage to allow transport and batched analysis of samples. Finally, we simulated an early-phase clinical trial to demonstrate that batched analysis of pre- and post-therapy samples may increase power to detect a three-fold reservoir reduction by 15 to 24 percentage points.nnAuthor summaryThe latent reservoir of resting CD4+ T cells is a major, if not the primary, obstacle to curing HIV. Quantitative viral outgrowth assays (QVOAs) are used to measure the latent reservoir in ART-suppressed HIV-infected people. Using QVOA is difficult, however, as the fraction of cells constituting the latent reservoir is typically about one in one million, far lower than other infectious disease biomarkers. To study reliability of these assays, we distributed 75 PBMC samples from five ART-suppressed HIV-infected participants among four labs, each conducting QVOA and following prespecified sample batching procedures. Using a Bayesian statistical method, we analyzed detailed assay output to understand how results varied within batches, between batches, and between labs. We found that, if batch variation can be controlled (i.e., a lab assays all samples in one batch), typical assay results are expected to differ from the true value by a factor of 1.6 to 1.9 up or down. We also found that freezing, storing, and thawing samples for later analysis caused no more than a 2-fold change in results. These outcomes, and the statistical methods developed to obtain them, should lead towards more precise and powerful assessments of HIV cure strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosenbloom, D. I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacchetti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richman, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siliciano, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mellors, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeks, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ptak, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimapasoc, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massanella, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobolewski, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulpa, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reservoir Assay Validation and Evaluation Network (RAVEN) Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/329672</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing intra-lab precision and inter-lab repeatability of outgrowth assays of HIV-1 latent reservoir size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/336537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IL-11 is a therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/336537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a progressive disease despite best medical management. We previously identified IL-11 as a critical factor for cardiovascular fibrosis and examine here its role in pulmonary fibrosis. IL-11 is consistently upregulated in IPF genomic datasets, which we confirmed by histology. Pulmonary fibroblasts stimulated with IL-11 transform into invasive myofibroblasts whereas fibroblasts from Il11ra deleted mice did not respond to pro-fibrotic stimuli. In the mouse, injection of recombinant Il-11 or fibroblast-specific expression of Il-11 caused pulmonary fibrosis. We then generated a neutralising IL-11 binding antibody that blocks lung fibroblast activation across species. In a mouse model of IPF, anti-IL-11 therapy attenuated lung fibrosis and specifically blocked Erk activation. These data prioritise IL-11 as an accessible drug target in IPF.nnOne Sentence SummaryNon-canonical IL-11 signalling is a central hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and represents a novel target for antibody therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanathan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DAgostino, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widjaja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, W.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chothani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chacko, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimaraes-Camboa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/336537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IL-11 is a therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correction of respiratory artifacts in MRI head motion estimates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head motion represents one of the greatest technical obstacles for brain MRI. Accurate detection of artifacts induced by head motion requires precise estimation of movement. However, this estimation may be corrupted by factitious effects owing to main field fluctuations generated by body motion. In the current report, we examine head motion estimation in multiband resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and a comparison  single-shot dataset from Oregon Health & Science University. We show unequivocally that respirations contaminate movement estimates in functional MRI and that respiration generates apparent head motion not associated with degraded quality of functional MRI. We have developed a novel approach using a band-stop filter that accurately removes these respiratory effects. Subsequently, we demonstrate that utilizing this filter improves post-processing data quality. Lastly, we demonstrate the real-time implementation of motion estimate filtering in our FIRMM (Framewise Integrated Real-Time MRI Monitoring) software package.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fair, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda-Dominguez, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrone, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earl, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koller, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feczko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirro, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeyemo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laumann, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barch, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nigg, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldstein-Ewing, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagel, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/337360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correction of respiratory artifacts in MRI head motion estimates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous representation of sensory and mnemonic information in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/339200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traversing sensory environments requires keeping relevant information in mind while simultaneously processing new inputs. Visual information is kept in working memory via feature selective responses in early visual cortex, but recent work had suggested that new sensory inputs wipe out this information. Here we show region-wide multiplexing abilities in classic sensory areas, with population-level response patterns in visual cortex representing the contents of working memory concurrently with new sensory inputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rademaker, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunharas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/339200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous representation of sensory and mnemonic information in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/341123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryptic Dispersal Networks Connect Habitat Patches in ways not Captured by Distance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/341123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Species interact with the physical world in complex ways, and life history strategies might cause species to differ in how they experience connectedness of the same landscape. As a consequence, dispersal limitation might be present but not captured by distance-based measures of connectivity. To test these ideas, we surveyed plant communities that associate with serpentine soils but differ in dispersal mode (gravity, animal, or wind), and used satellite imagery to quantify forms of landscape connectivity associated with each dispersal mode. Our data yielded two key insights: First, dispersal limitation appeared to be absent using a conventional distance-based measure of connectivity, but emerged after considering forms of landscape connectivity relevant to each dispersal mode. Second, the landscape variables that emerged as important to each dispersal mode were generally consistent with our predictions based on putative dispersal vectors, and included interactive effects that allude to the altered efficacy of animal dispersal in invaded landscapes. Our results have broad implications for understanding how ecological communities reorganize as landscapes are fragmented, patches are lost, and the function of dispersal life histories is altered.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Germain, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grainger, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/341123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryptic Dispersal Networks Connect Habitat Patches in ways not Captured by Distance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth adaptation of gnd and sdhCB Escherichia coli deletion strains diverges from a similar initial perturbation of the transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has emerged as a new approach with which to pursue fundamental biological inquiries and, in particular, new insights into the systemic function of a gene product. Two E. coli knockout strains were constructed: one that blocked the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (gnd KO) and one that decoupled the TCA cycle from electron transport (sdhCDAB KO). Despite major perturbations in central metabolism, minimal growth rate changes were found in the two knockout strains. More surprisingly, many similarities were found in their initial transcriptomic states that could be traced to similarly perturbed metabolites despite the differences in the network location of the gene perturbations and concomitant rerouting of pathway fluxes around these perturbations. However, following ALE, distinct metabolomic and transcriptomic states were realized. These included divergent flux and gene expression profiles in the gnd and sdhCDAB KOs to overcome imbalances in NADPH production and nitrogen/sulfur assimilation, respectively, that were not obvious limitations of growth in the unevolved knockouts. Therefore, this work demonstrates that ALE provides a productive approach to reveal novel insights of gene function at a systems level that cannot be found by observing the fresh knockout alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/342683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth adaptation of gnd and sdhCB Escherichia coli deletion strains diverges from a similar initial perturbation of the transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple optimal phenotypes overcome redox and glycolytic intermediate metabolite imbalances in Escherichia coli pgi knockout evolutions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A mechanistic understanding of how new phenotypes develop to overcome the loss of a gene product provides valuable insight on both the metabolic and regulatory function of the lost gene. The pgi gene, whose product catalyzes the second step in glycolysis, was deleted in a growth optimized Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 strain. The knock-out (KO) strain exhibited an 80% drop in growth rate, that was largely recovered in eight replicate, but phenotypically distinct, cultures after undergoing adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Multi omic data sets showed that the loss of pgi substantially shifted pathway usage leading to a redox and sugar phosphate stress response. These stress responses were overcome by unique combinations of innovative mutations selected for by ALE. Thus, we show the coordinated mechanisms from genome to metabolome that lead to multiple optimal phenotypes after loss of a major gene product.nnImportanceA mechanistic understanding of how new phenotypes develop to overcome the loss of a gene product provides valuable insight on both the metabolic and regulatory function of the lost gene. The pgi gene, whose product catalyzes the second step in glycolysis, was deleted in a growth optimized Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 strain. Eight replicate adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) resulted in eight phenotypically distinct endpoints that were able to overcome the gene loss. Utilizing multi-omics analysis, we show the coordinated mechanisms from genome to metabolome that lead to multiple optimal phenotypes after loss of a major gene product.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/342709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple optimal phenotypes overcome redox and glycolytic intermediate metabolite imbalances in Escherichia coli pgi knockout evolutions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/343558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple sclerosis-associated changes in the composition and immune functions of spore-forming bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/343558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by adaptive and innate immune system dysregulation. Recent work has revealed moderate alteration of gut microbial communities in subjects with MS and in experimental, induced models. However, a mechanistic understanding linking the observed changes in the microbiota and the presence of the disease is still missing. Chloroform-resistant, spore-forming bacteria have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo, but they have not yet been characterized in the context of human disease. This study addresses the community composition and immune function of this bacterial fraction in MS. We identify MS-associated spore-forming taxa and show that their presence correlates with impaired differentiation of IL-10 secreting, regulatory T lymphocytes in-vitro. Colonization of antibiotic-treated mice with spore-forming bacteria allowed us to identify some bacterial taxa favoring IL-10+ lymphocyte differentiation and others inducing differentiation of pro-inflammatory, IFN{gamma}+ T lymphocytes. However, when fed into antibiotic-treated mice, both MS and control derived spore-forming bacteria were able to induce immunoregulatory responses.nnOur analysis also identified Akkermansia muciniphila as a key organism that may interact either directly or indirectly with spore-forming bacteria to exacerbate the inflammatory effects of MS-associated gut microbiota. Thus, changes in the spore-forming fraction may influence T lymphocyte-mediated inflammation in MS. This experimental approach of isolating a subset of microbiota based on its functional characteristics may be useful to investigate other microbial fractions at greater depth.nnImportanceDespite the rapid emergence of microbiome related studies in human diseases, few go beyond a simple description of relative taxa levels in a select group of patients. Our study integrates computational analysis with in vitro and in vivo exploration of inflammatory properties of both complete microbial communities and individual taxa, revealing novel functional associations. We specifically show that while small differences exist between the microbiomes of MS patients and healthy subjects, these differences are exacerbated in the chloroform resistant fraction. We further demonstrate that, when purified from MS patients, this fraction is associated with impaired immunomodulatory responses in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cekanaviciute, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Probstel, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Runia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casaccia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz Sand, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabtree, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrissey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barba, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazmanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cree, B. C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamvil, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baranzini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/343558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple sclerosis-associated changes in the composition and immune functions of spore-forming bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/344556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Template-assisted synthesis of adenine-mutagenized cDNA by a retroelement protein complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/344556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create unparalleled levels of protein sequence variation through mutagenic retrohoming. Sequence information is transferred from an invariant template region (TR), through an RNA intermediate, to a protein-coding variable region. Selective infidelity at adenines during transfer is a hallmark of DGRs from disparate bacteria, archaea, and microbial viruses. We recapitulated selective infidelity in vitro for the prototypical Bordetella bacteriophage DGR. A complex of the DGR reverse transcriptase bRT and pentameric accessory variability determinant (Avd) protein along with DGR RNA were necessary and sufficient for synthesis of template-primed, covalently linked RNA-cDNA molecules, as observed in vivo. We identified RNAcDNA molecules to be branched and most plausibly linked through 2'-5' phosphodiester bonds. Adenine-mutagenesis was intrinsic to the bRT-Avd complex, which displayed unprecedented promiscuity while reverse transcribing adenines of either DGR or non-DGR RNA templates. In contrast, bRT-Avd processivity was strictly dependent on the template, occurring only for the DGR RNA. This restriction was mainly due to a noncoding segment downstream of TR, which specifically bound Avd and created a privileged site for processive polymerization. Restriction to DGR RNA may protect the host genome from damage. These results define the early steps in a novel pathway for massive sequence diversification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foreman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinazi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/344556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Template-assisted synthesis of adenine-mutagenized cDNA by a retroelement protein complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/344697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered resistance to Zika virus in transgenic Ae. aegypti expressing a polycistronic cluster of synthetic miRNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/344697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have highlighted the necessity for development of novel vector control strategies to combat arboviral transmission, including genetic versions of the sterile insect technique, artificial infection with Wolbachia to reduce population size and/or vectoring competency, and gene drive based methods. Here, we describe the development of mosquitoes synthetically engineered to impede vector competence to ZIKV. We demonstrate that a polycistronic cluster of engineered microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting ZIKV is expressed and fully processed following a blood meal in Ae. aegypti, ensuring the formation of mature synthetic miRNAs in the midgut where ZIKV resides in the early stages of infection. Critically, we demonstrate that engineered Ae. aegypti mosquitoes harboring the anti-ZIKV transgene have significantly reduced viral infection, dissemination, and transmission rates of ZIKV. Taken together, these compelling results provide a promising path forward for development of effective genetic-based ZIKV control strategies, which could potentially be extended to curtail other arboviruses.nnOne Sentence SummaryHere we describe the generation of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes that are engineered to confer reduced vector competence to Zika virus (ZIKV) and we discuss how such engineering approach can be used to combat the major health burden of ZIKV and potentially other arboviruses in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buchman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoshechkin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, h.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchmemin, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paradkar, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/344697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered resistance to Zika virus in transgenic Ae. aegypti expressing a polycistronic cluster of synthetic miRNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse motif ensembles specify non-redundant DNA binding activities of AP-1 family members in macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanisms by which members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors play both redundant and non-redundant biological roles despite recognizing the same DNA sequence remain poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated the molecular functions and genome-wide DNA binding patterns of AP-1 family members in macrophages. ChIP-sequencing showed overlapping and distinct binding profiles for each factor that were remodeled following TLR4 ligation. Development of a machine learning approach that jointly weighs hundreds of DNA recognition elements yielded dozens of motifs predicted to drive factor-specific binding profiles. Machine learning-based predictions were confirmed by analysis of the effects of mutations in genetically diverse mice and by loss of function experiments. These findings provide evidence that non-redundant genomic locations of different AP-1 family members in macrophages largely result from collaborative interactions with diverse, locus-specific ensembles of transcription factors and suggest a general mechanism for encoding functional specificities of their common recognition motif.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westin, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duttke, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strid, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stender, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/345835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse motif ensembles specify non-redundant DNA binding activities of AP-1 family members in macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/350181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developing a network view of type 2 diabetes risk pathways through integration of genetic, genomic and functional data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/350181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several hundred susceptibility loci for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). One critical, but unresolved, issue concerns the extent to which the mechanisms through which these diverse signals influencing T2D predisposition converge on a limited set of biological processes. However, the causal variants identified by GWAS mostly fall into non-coding sequence, complicating the task of defining the effector transcripts through which they operate. Here, we describe implementation of an analytical pipeline to address this question. First, we integrate multiple sources of genetic, genomic, and biological data to assign positional candidacy scores to the genes that map to T2D GWAS signals. Second, we introduce genes with high scores as seeds within a network optimization algorithm (the asymmetric prize-collecting Steiner Tree approach) which uses external, experimentally-confirmed protein-protein interaction (PPI) data to generate high confidence subnetworks. Third, we use GWAS data to test the T2D-association enrichment of the "non-seed" proteins introduced into the network, as a measure of the overall functional connectivity of the network. We find: (a) non-seed proteins in the T2D protein-interaction network so generated (comprising 705 nodes) are enriched for association to T2D (p=0.0014) but not control traits; (b) stronger T2D-enrichment for islets than other tissues when we use RNA expression data to generate tissue-specific PPI networks; and (c) enhanced enrichment (p=3.9xl0-5) when we combine analysis of the islet-specific PPI network with a focus on the subset of T2D GWAS loci which act through defective insulin secretion. These analyses reveal a pattern of non-random functional connectivity between causal candidate genes atT2D GWAS loci, and highlight the products of genes including YWHAG, SMAD4 or CDK2 as contributors to T2D-relevant islet dysfunction. The approach we describe can be applied to other complex genetic and genomic data sets, facilitating integration of diverse data types into disease-associated networks.nnAuthor summaryWe were interested in the following question: as we discover more and more genetic variants associated with a complex disease, such as type 2 diabetes, will the biological pathways implicated by those variants proliferate, or will the biology converge onto a more limited set of aetiological processes? To address this, we first took the 1895 genes that map to ~100 type 2 diabetes association signals, and pruned these to a set of 451 for which combined genetic, genomic and biological evidence assigned the strongest candidacy with respect to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. We then sought to maximally connect these genes within a curated protein-protein interaction network. We found that proteins brought into the resulting diabetes interaction network were themselves enriched for diabetes association signals as compared to appropriate control proteins. Furthermore, when we used tissue-specific RNA abundance data to filter the generic protein-protein network, we found that the enrichment for type 2 diabetes association signals was enhanced within a network filtered for pancreatic islet expression, particularly when we selected the subset of diabetes association signals acting through reduced insulin secretion. Our data demonstrate convergence of the biological processes involved in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and highlight novel contributors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Tajes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Bunt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloyn, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lage, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/350181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developing a network view of type 2 diabetes risk pathways through integration of genetic, genomic and functional data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/352682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of phased Hi-C and molecular phenotype data to study genetic and epigenetic effects on chromatin looping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/352682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While genetic variation at chromatin loops is relevant for human disease, the relationships between loop strength, genetics, gene expression, and epigenetics are unclear. Here, we quantitatively interrogate this relationship using Hi-C and molecular phenotype data across cell types and haplotypes. We find that chromatin loops consistently form across multiple cell types and quantitatively vary in strength, instead of exclusively forming within only one cell type. We show that large haplotype loop imbalance is primarily associated with imprinting and copy number variation, rather than genetically driven traits such as allele-specific expression. Finally, across cell types and haplotypes, we show that subtle changes in chromatin loop strength are associated with large differences in other molecular phenotypes, with a 2-fold change in looping corresponding to a 100-fold change in gene expression. Our study suggests that regulatory genetic variation could mediate its effects on gene expression through subtle modification of chromatin loop strength.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakubosky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chrownowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/352682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of phased Hi-C and molecular phenotype data to study genetic and epigenetic effects on chromatin looping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MODE for detecting and estimating genetic causal variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Determining the genetic causal variants and estimating their effect sizes are considered to be correlated but independent problems. Fine-mapping studies often rely on the ability to integrate useful functional annotation information into genome wide association univariate/multivariate analysis. In the present study, by modeling the probability of a SNP being causal and its effect size as a set of correlated Gaussian/non-Gaussian random variables, we design an optimization routine for simultaneous fine-mapping and effect size estimation. The algorithm is released as an open source C package MODE.nnAvailability and Implementation: http://sites.google.com/site/sundarvelkur/modennContact: amdale@ucsd.edu, svelkur@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sundar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/357228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MODE for detecting and estimating genetic causal variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCuPhr: A Probabilistic Framework for Cell Lineage Tree Reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/357442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell lineage tree reconstruction methods are developed for various tasks, such as investigating the development, differentiation, and cancer progression. Single-cell sequencing technologies enable more thorough analysis with higher resolution. We present Scuphr, a distance-based cell lineage tree reconstruction method using bulk and single-cell DNA sequencing data from healthy tissues. Common challenges of single-cell DNA sequencing, such as allelic dropouts and amplification errors, are included in Scuphr. Scuphr computes the distance between cell pairs and reconstructs the lineage tree using the neighbor-joining algorithm. With its embarrassingly parallel design, Scuphr can do faster analysis than the state-of-the-art methods while obtaining better accuracy. The methods robustness is investigated using various synthetic datasets and a biological dataset of 18 cells.

Author summaryCell lineage tree reconstruction carries a significant potential for studies of development and medicine. The lineage tree reconstruction task is especially challenging for cells taken from healthy tissue due to the scarcity of mutations. In addition, the single-cell whole-genome sequencing technology introduces artifacts such as amplification errors, allelic dropouts, and sequencing errors. We propose Scuphr, a probabilistic framework to reconstruct cell lineage trees. We designed Scuphr for single-cell DNA sequencing data; it accounts for technological artifacts in its graphical model and uses germline heterozygous sites to improve its accuracy. Scuphr is embarrassingly parallel; the speed of the computational analysis is inversely proportional to the number of available computational nodes. We demonstrated that Scuphr is fast, robust, and more accurate than the state-of-the-art method with the synthetic data experiments. Moreover, in the biological data experiment, we showed Scuphr successfully identifies different clones and further obtains more support on closely related cells within clones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koptagel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagergren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/357442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCuPhr: A Probabilistic Framework for Cell Lineage Tree Reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imputation of Behavioral Candidate Gene Repeat Polymorphisms in 486,551 Publicly-Available UK Biobank Individuals. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some of the most widely studied polymorphisms in psychiatric genetics include variable number tandem repeat polymorphisms (VNTRs) in SLC6A3, DRD4, SLC6A4, and MAOA. While initial findings suggested large effects, their importance with respect to psychiatric phenotypes is the subject of much debate with broadly conflicting results. Despite broad interest, these loci remain absent from the largest available samples, such as the UK Biobank, limiting researchers ability to test these contentious hypotheses rigorously in large samples. Here, using two independent reference datasets, we report out-of-sample imputation accuracy estimates of >0.96 for all four VNTR polymorphisms and one modifying SNP, depending on the reference and target dataset. We describe the imputation procedures of these candidate polymorphisms in 486,551 UK Biobank individuals, and have made the imputed polymorphism data available to UK Biobank researchers. This resource, provided to the community, will allow the most rigorous tests to-date of the roles of these polymorphisms in behavioral and psychiatric phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Border, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stallings, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derringer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnellan, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haberstick, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopfer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krauter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQueen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imputation of Behavioral Candidate Gene Repeat Polymorphisms in 486,551 Publicly-Available UK Biobank Individuals.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic heterogeneity in Anopheles darlingi related to biting behavior in western Amazon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the Amazon Basin, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi is the most aggressive and effective malaria vector. In endemic areas, behavioral aspects of anopheline species such as host preference, biting time and resting location after a blood meal have a key impact on malaria transmission dynamics and transmission control strategies. An. darlingi present a variety in behavior throughout its broad distribution including blood feeding related. To investigate the genetic basis of its biting behaviors, host-seeking An. darlingi were collected in two settlements (Granada and Remansinho) in Acre, Brazil. Mosquitoes were classified by captured location (indoors or outdoors) and time (dusk or dawn). Genome-wide SNPs were used to assess the degree of genetic diversity and structure in these groups. There was evidence of genetic component of biting behavior regarding both location and time in this species. This study supports that An. darlingi blood-feeding behavior has a genetic component. Additional ecological and genomic studies may help to understand the genetic basis of mosquito behavior and address appropriate surveillance and vector control.nnAuthor SummaryMalaria is a disease caused by parasite of the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. In the Amazon Basin, the main malaria vector is Anopheles darlingi, which is present in high densities in this region. Egg development requires that females of this mosquito seek hosts for blood meals. Anopheles females blood feeding may occur indoor or outdoor the houses and typically from the sunset to dawn. Anopheles darlingi in particular present great variability regarding its behaviour, presenting variety of peak biting times and patterns. This work shows that there is a genetic component that partially explains these two behaviors: location of the blood meal (inside or outside the houses) and time of feeding. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) scattered throughout the genome of Anopheles darlingi showed genetic diversity and structure in these groups. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis for mosquito behaviour may support innovative vector surveillance and control strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conn, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinetz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribolla, P. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic heterogeneity in Anopheles darlingi related to biting behavior in western Amazon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nested oscillatory dynamics in cortical organoids model early human brain network development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural and transcriptional changes during early brain maturation follow fixed developmental programs defined by genetics. However, whether this is true for functional network activity remains unknown, primarily due to experimental inaccessibility of the initial stages of the living human brain. Here, we developed cortical organoids that spontaneously display periodic and regular oscillatory network events that are dependent on glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. These nested oscillations exhibit cross-frequency coupling, proposed to coordinate neuronal computation and communication. As evidence of potential network maturation, oscillatory activity subsequently transitioned to more spatiotemporally irregular patterns, capturing features observed in preterm human electroencephalography (EEG). These results show that the development of structured network activity in the human neocortex may follow stable genetic programming, even in the absence of external or subcortical inputs. Our approach provides novel opportunities for investigating and manipulating the role of network activity in the developing human cortex.nnHIGHLIGHTSO_LIEarly development of human functional neural networks and oscillatory activity can be modeled in vitro.nC_LIO_LICortical organoids exhibit phase-amplitude coupling between delta oscillation (2 Hz) and high-frequency activity (100-400 Hz) during network-synchronous events.nC_LIO_LIDifferential role of glutamate and GABA in initiating and maintaining oscillatory network activity.nC_LIO_LIDevelopmental impairment of MECP2-KO cortical organoids impacts the emergence of oscillatory activity.nC_LIO_LICortical organoid network electrophysiological signatures correlate with human preterm neonatal EEG features.nC_LInneTOCBrain oscillations are a candidate mechanism for how neural populations are temporally organized to instantiate cognition and behavior. Cortical organoids initially exhibit periodic and highly regular nested oscillatory network events that eventually transition to more spatiotemporally complex activity, capturing features of late-stage preterm infant electroencephalography. Functional neural circuitry in cortical organoids exhibits emergence and development of oscillatory network dynamics similar to those found in the developing human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negraes, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domissy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenberghe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nested oscillatory dynamics in cortical organoids model early human brain network development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/359950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thyroid hormone signaling specifies cone subtypes in human retinal organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/359950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms underlying the specification of diverse neuronal subtypes within the human nervous system are largely unknown. The blue (shortwavelength/S), green (medium-wavelength/M) and red (long-wavelength/L) cone photoreceptors of the human retina enable high-acuity daytime vision and trichromatic color perception. Cone subtypes are specified in a poorly understood two-step process, with a first decision between S and L/M fates, followed by a decision between L and M fates. To determine the mechanism controlling S vs. L/M fates, we studied the differentiation of human retinal organoids. We found that human organoids and retinas have similar distributions, gene expression profiles, and morphologies of cone subtypes. We found that S cones are specified first, followed by L/M cones, and that thyroid hormone signaling is necessary and sufficient for this temporal switch. Temporally dynamic expression of thyroid hormone degrading and activating proteins supports a model in which the retina itself controls thyroid hormone levels, ensuring low signaling early to specify S cones and high signaling late to produce L/M cones. This work establishes organoids as a model for determining the mechanisms of cell fate specification during human development.nnOne sentence summaryCone specification in human organoids
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eldred, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadyniak, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussey, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennerman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamling, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sluch, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsbie, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahlin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zack, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/359950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thyroid hormone signaling specifies cone subtypes in human retinal organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Timing between cortical slow oscillations and heart rate bursts during sleep predicts perceptual speed, but not offline consolidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/360867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central and autonomic nervous system activity are coupled during sleep. Cortical slow oscillations (SOs, <1Hz) coincide with brief bursts in heart rate (HR), but the functional consequence of this coupling in cognition remains elusive. We measured SO-HR temporal coupling (i.e., the peak-to-peak interval between downstate of SO event and HR burst) during a daytime nap, and asked whether this SO-HR timing measure was associated with perceptual speed and learning on a texture discrimination task, by testing subjects before and after a nap. The coherence of SO-HR events during sleep strongly correlated with an individuals perceptual speed in the morning and evening test sessions, but not with their change in performance after the nap (i.e., consolidation). We confirmed this result in two additional experimental visits, and also discovered that this association was visit-specific, indicating a reliable state (not trait) marker. Thus, we introduce a novel physiological index that may be a useful marker of state-dependent processing speed of an individual.nnSignificance StatementStudies show that autonomic and central nervous system activity is coupled. For example, increases in heart rate follow cortical slow oscillations during sleep. However, the functional significance of this coupling for cognition is not understood. In three experimental visits, we show that the timing between these sleep events (the peak-to-peak delay between the slow oscillation and the heart rate burst) is highly correlated with waking perceptual processing speed. This reliable individual difference measure may be a useful marker of generalized processing speed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDevitt, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mednick, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/360867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Timing between cortical slow oscillations and heart rate bursts during sleep predicts perceptual speed, but not offline consolidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/361162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling the genome-wide landscape of tandem repeat expansions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/361162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tandem Repeat (TR) expansions have been implicated in dozens of genetic diseases, including Huntingtons Disease, Fragile X Syndrome, and hereditary ataxias. Furthermore, TRs have recently been implicated in a range of complex traits, including gene expression and cancer risk. While the human genome harbors hundreds of thousands of TRs, analysis of TR expansions has been mainly limited to known pathogenic loci. A major challenge is that expanded repeats are beyond the read length of most next-generation sequencing (NGS) datasets. We present GangSTR, a novel algorithm for genome-wide profiling of both normal and expanded TRs. GangSTR extracts information from paired-end reads into a unified model to estimate maximum likelihood TR lengths. We validated GangSTR on real and simulated TR expansions and show that GangSTR outperforms alternative methods. We applied GangSTR to more than 150 individuals to profile the landscape of TR expansions in a healthy population and validated novel expansions using orthogonal technologies. Our analysis revealed that each individual harbors dozens of TR alleles longer than standard read lengths and identified hundreds of potentially mis-annotated TRs in the reference genome. GangSTR is packaged as a standalone tool that will likely enable discovery of novel pathogenic variants not currently accessible from NGS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mousavi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shleizer-Burko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/361162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling the genome-wide landscape of tandem repeat expansions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/361725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prospective Study of Polygenic Risk, Protective Factors, and Incident Depression Following Combat Deployment in US Army Soldiers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/361725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhereas genetic susceptibility increases risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), non-genetic protective factors may mitigate this risk. In a large-scale prospective study of US Army soldiers, we examined whether trait resilience and/or unit cohesion could buffer against the onset of MDD following combat deployment, even in soldiers at high polygenic risk.nnMethodsData were analyzed from 4,182 soldiers of European ancestry assessed before and after their deployment to Afghanistan. Incident MDD was defined as no MDD episode at predeployment, followed by a MDD episode following deployment. Polygenic risk scores were constructed from the largest available MDD genome-wide association study. We first examined main effects of the MDD PRS and each protective factor on incident MDD. We then tested effects of each protective factor on incident MDD across strata of polygenic risk.nnResultsPolygenic risk showed a dose-response relationship to depression, such that soldiers at high polygenic risk had greatest odds for incident MDD. Both unit cohesion and trait resilience were prospectively associated with reduced risk for incident MDD. Notably, the protective effect of unit cohesion persisted even in soldiers at highest polygenic risk.nnConclusionsPolygenic risk was associated with new-onset MDD in deployed soldiers. However, unit cohesion--an index of perceived support and morale--was protective against incident MDD even among those at highest genetic risk, and may represent a potent target for promoting resilience in vulnerable soldiers. Findings illustrate the value of combining genomic and environmental data in a prospective design to identify robust protective factors for mental health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wynn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell-Sills, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/361725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prospective Study of Polygenic Risk, Protective Factors, and Incident Depression Following Combat Deployment in US Army Soldiers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-Mendelian inheritance mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in the female mouse germline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A gene drive biases the transmission of a particular allele of a gene such that it is inherited at a greater frequency than by random assortment. Recently, a highly efficient gene drive was developed in insects, which leverages the sequence-targeted DNA cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas9 and endogenous homology directed repair mechanisms to convert heterozygous genotypes to homozygosity. If implemented in laboratory rodents, this powerful system would enable the rapid assembly of genotypes that involve multiple genes (e.g., to model multigenic human diseases). Such complex genetic models are currently precluded by time, cost, and a requirement for a large number of animals to obtain a few individuals of the desired genotype. However, the efficiency of a CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive system in mammals has not yet been determined. Here, we utilize an active genetic "CopyCat" element embedded in the mouse Tyrosinase gene to detect genotype conversions after Cas9 activity in the embryo and in the germline. Although Cas9 efficiently induces double strand DNA breaks in the early embryo and is therefore highly mutagenic, these breaks are not resolved by homology directed repair. However, when Cas9 expression is limited to the developing female germline, resulting double strand breaks are resolved by homology directed repair that copies the CopyCat allele from the donor to the receiver chromosome and leads to its super-Mendelian inheritance. These results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive mechanism can be implemented to simplify complex genetic crosses in laboratory mice and also contribute valuable data to the ongoing debate about applications to combat invasive rodent populations in island communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poplawski, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.-r. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/362558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-Mendelian inheritance mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in the female mouse germline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The immune cell landscape in kidneys of lupus nephritis patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease, whose current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To gain insights into disease mechanisms, we analyzed kidney samples from lupus nephritis patients and healthy controls using single-cell RNA-seq. Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid, T, NK and B cells, demonstrating both pro-inflammatory and resolving responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B cell signature, and of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, pointing to potential therapeutic targets. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, suggesting urine may be a surrogate for kidney biopsies. Our results provide a first comprehensive view of the complex network of leukocytes active in lupus nephritis kidneys.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arazi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthier, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicoine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenhaure, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieb, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherby, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steelman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smilek, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apruzzese, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massarotti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dall'Era, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamen, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furie, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payan-Schober, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyon, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petri, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putterman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalunian, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodle, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lederer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildeman, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusbaum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wofsy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anolik, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Accelerating Medicines Partnership in RA/SLE network,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/363051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The immune cell landscape in kidneys of lupus nephritis patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral Roles of the Fam20C Family of Secreted Protein Kinases Revealed by Functional Analysis in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/363440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fam20C is a secreted protein kinase mutated in Raine syndrome, a human skeletal disorder. In vertebrates, bone and enamel proteins are major Fam20C substrates. However, Fam20 kinases are conserved in invertebrates lacking bone and enamel, suggesting other ancestral functions. We show that FAMK-1, the C. elegans Fam20C ortholog, contributes to fertility, embryogenesis, and development. These functions are not fulfilled when FAMK-1 is retained in the early secretory pathway. During embryogenesis, FAMK-1 maintains inter-cellular partitions and prevents multinucleation; notably, temperature elevation or lowering cortical stiffness reduces requirement for FAMK-1 in this context. FAMK-1 is expressed in multiple adult tissues that undergo repeated mechanical strain, and selective expression in the spermatheca restores fertility. Informatic, biochemical and functional analysis implicate lectins as FAMK-1 substrates. These findings suggest that FAMK-1 phosphorylation of substrates, including lectins, in the late secretory pathway is important in embryonic and tissue contexts where cells are subjected to mechanical strain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gerson-Gurwitz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worby, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaliullin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouffard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheerambathur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cram, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/363440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral Roles of the Fam20C Family of Secreted Protein Kinases Revealed by Functional Analysis in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disparate expression specificities coded by a shared Hox-C enhancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Can a single regulatory sequence be shared by two genes undergoing functional divergence? Here we describe a single promiscuous enhancer within the Drosophila Antennapedia Complex, EO053, that directs aspects of the expression of two adjacent genes, pb (a Hox2 ortholog) and zen2 (a divergent Hox3 paralog), with disparate spatial and temporal expression patterns. We were unable to separate the pb-like and zen2-like specificities within EO053, and we identify sequences affecting both expression patterns. Importantly, deletion of EO053 affects expression of both genes as well, despite each gene having additional enhancers. We examine sequence conservation of EO053 within the Schizophora, and show that patterns of synteny between the Hox2 and Hox3 orthologs in Arthropods are consistent with a shared regulatory relationship extending prior to the Hox3/zen divergence. Thus, EO053 represents an example of two genes having evolved disparate outputs while utilizing this shared regulatory region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posakony, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disparate expression specificities coded by a shared Hox-C enhancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing Causal Bidirectional Influences between Physical Activity and Depression using Mendelian Randomization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBurgeoning evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies suggests that physical activity protects against depression, pointing to a potential modifiable target for prevention. However, the direction of this inverse association is not clear: physical activity may reduce risk for depression, and/or depression may result in decreased physical activity. Here, we used bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test causal influences between physical activity and depression.nnMethodsFor genetic instruments, we selected independent top SNPs associated with major depressive disorder (MDD, N = 143,265) and two physical activity phenotypes--self-reported (N = 377,234) and objective accelerometer-based (N = 91,084)--from the largest available, non-overlapping genome-wide association results. We used two sets of genetic instruments: (1) only SNPs previously reported as genome-wide significant, and (2) top SNPs meeting a more relaxed threshold (p < 1x10-7). For each direction of influence, we combined the MR effect estimates from each instrument SNP using inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis, along with other standard MR methods such as weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO.nnResultsWe found evidence for protective influences of accelerometer-based activity on MDD (IVW odds ratio (OR) = 0.74 for MDD per 1 SD unit increase in average acceleration, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.92, p =.006) when using SNPs meeting the relaxed threshold (i.e., 10 versus only 2 genome-wide significant SNPs, which provided insufficient data for sensitivity analyses). In contrast, we found no evidence for negative influences of MDD on accelerometer-based activity (IVW b = 0.04 change in average acceleration for MDD versus control status, 95% CI = -0.43-0.51, p =.87). Furthermore, we did not see evidence for causal influences between self-reported activity and MDD, in either direction and regardless of instrument SNP criteria.nnDiscussionWe apply MR for the first time to examine causal influences between physical activity and MDD. We discover that objectively measured--but not self-reported--physical activity is inversely associated with MDD. Of note, prior work has shown that accelerometer-based physical activity is more heritable than self-reported activity, in addition to being more representative of actual movement. Our findings validate physical activity as a protective factor for MDD and point to the importance of objective measurement of physical activity in epidemiological studies in relation to mental health. Overall, this study supports the hypothesis that enhancing physical activity is an effective prevention strategy for depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimentidis, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing Causal Bidirectional Influences between Physical Activity and Depression using Mendelian Randomization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/366641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of meaning in visual memory: Face-selective brain activity predicts memory for ambiguous face stimuli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/366641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How people process images is known to affect memory for those images, but these effects have typically been studied using explicit task instructions to vary encoding. Here, we investigate the effects of intrinsic variation in processing on subsequent memory, testing whether recognizing an ambiguous stimulus as meaningful (as a face vs. as shape blobs) predicts subsequent visual memory even when matching the perceptual features and the encoding strategy between subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten items. We show that single trial EEG activity can predict whether participants will subsequently remember an ambiguous Mooney face image (e.g., an image that will sometimes be seen as a face and sometimes not be seen as a face). In addition, we show that a classifier trained only to discriminate between whether participants perceive a face vs. non-face can generalize to predict whether an ambiguous image is subsequently remembered. Furthermore, when we examine the N170, an ERP index of face processing, we find that images that elicit larger N170s are more likely to be remembered than those that elicit smaller N170s, even when the exact same image elicited larger or smaller N170s across participants. Thus, images processed as meaningful - in this case as a face-during encoding are better remembered than identical images that are not processed as a face. This provides strong evidence that understanding the meaning of a stimulus during encoding plays a critical role in visual memory.nnSignificance StatementIs visual memory inherently visual or does meaning and other conceptual information necessarily play a role even in memory for detailed visual information? Here we show that its easier to remember an image when its processed in a meaningful way -- as indexed by the amount of category-specific brain activity it elicits. In particular, we use single-trial EEG activity to predict whether an image will be subsequently remembered, and show that the main driver of this prediction ability is whether or not an image is seen as meaningful or non-meaningful. This shows that the extent to which an image is processed as meaningful can be used to predict subsequent memory even when controlling for perceptual factors and encoding strategies that typically differ across images.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brady, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoermer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/366641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of meaning in visual memory: Face-selective brain activity predicts memory for ambiguous face stimuli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Alters Neural Response and Physiological Autonomic Tone to Noxious Thermal Challenge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/367979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms by which noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS) affect central and peripheral neural circuits that subserve pain and autonomic physiology are not clear, and thus remain an area of intense investigation. Effects of nVNS vs sham stimulation on subject responses to five noxious thermal stimuli (applied to left lower extremity), were measured in 30 healthy subjects (n=15 sham and n=15 nVNS), with fMRI and physiological galvanic skin response (GSR). With repeated noxious thermal stimuli a group x time analysis showed a significantly (p < .001) decreased response with nVNS in bilateral primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (SI and SII), left dorsoposterior insular cortex, bilateral paracentral lobule, bilateral medial dorsal thalamus, right anterior cingulate cortex, and right orbitofrontal cortex. A group x time x GSR analysis showed a significantly decreased response in nVNS group (p < .0005) in bilaterally in SI, lower and mid medullary brainstem, and inferior occipital cortex. Finally, nVNS treatment showed decreased activity in pronociceptive brainstem nuclei (e.g. the reticular nucleus and rostral ventromedial medulla) and key autonomic integration nuclei (e.g. the rostroventrolateral medulla, nucleus ambiguous, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve). In aggregate, noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation reduced the physiological response to noxious thermal stimuli and impacted neural circuits important for pain processing and autonomic output.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lerman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorkin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proudfoot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimball, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spadoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strigo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/367979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Alters Neural Response and Physiological Autonomic Tone to Noxious Thermal Challenge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engrafted parenchymal brain macrophages differ from host microglia in transcriptome, epigenome and responsiveness to challenge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/369942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia are yolk sac-derived macrophages residing in the parenchyma of brain and spinal cord, where they interact with neurons and other glial cells by constantly probing their surroundings with dynamic extensions. Following different conditioning paradigms and bone marrow (BM) / hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, graft-derived cells seed the brain and persistently contribute to the parenchymal brain macrophage compartment. Here we establish that these cells acquire over time microglia characteristics, including ramified morphology, longevity, radio-resistance and clonal expansion. However, even following prolonged CNS residence, transcriptomes and epigenomes of engrafted HSC-derived macrophages remain distinct from yolk sac-derived host microglia. Furthermore, BM graft-derived cells display discrete responses to peripheral endotoxin challenge, as compared to host microglia. Also in human HSC transplant recipients, engrafted cells remain distinct from host microglia, extending our finding to clinical settings. Collectively, our data emphasize the molecular and functional heterogeneity of parenchymal brain macrophages and highlight potential clinical implications for patients treated by HSC gene therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shemer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grozovski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng Tay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volaski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardura-Fabregat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chappell-Maor, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thielecke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornils, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/369942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engrafted parenchymal brain macrophages differ from host microglia in transcriptome, epigenome and responsiveness to challenge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative structural dynamic analysis of GTPases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GTPases regulate a multitude of essential cellular processes ranging from movement and division to differentiation and neuronal activity. These ubiquitous enzymes operate by hydrolyzing GTP to GDP with associated conformational changes that modulate affinity for family-specific binding partners. There are three major GTPase superfamilies: Ras-like GTPases, heterotrimeric G proteins and protein-synthesizing GTPases. Although they contain similar nucleotide-binding sites, the detailed mechanisms by which these structurally and functionally diverse superfamilies operate remain unclear. Here we compare and contrast the structural dynamic mechanisms of each superfamily using extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and subsequent network analysis approaches. In particular, dissection of the cross-correlations of atomic displacements in both the GTP and GDP-bound states of Ras, transducin and elongation factor EF-Tu reveals analogous dynamic features. This includes similar dynamic communities and subdomain structures (termed lobes). For all three proteins the GTP-bound state has stronger couplings between equivalent lobes. Network analysis further identifies common and family-specific residues mediating the state-specific coupling of distal functional sites. Mutational simulations demonstrate how disrupting these couplings leads to distal dynamic effects at the nucleotide-binding site of each family. Collectively our studies extend current understanding of GTPase allosteric mechanisms and highlight previously unappreciated similarities across functionally diverse families.nnAuthor SummaryGTPases are a large superfamily of essential enzymes that regulate a variety of cellular processes. They share a common core structure supporting nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, and are potentially descended from the same ancestor. Yet their biological functions diverge dramatically, ranging from cell division and movement to signal transduction and translation. It has been shown that conformational changes through binding to different substrates underlie the regulation of their activities. Here we investigate the conformational dynamics of three typical GTPases by in silico simulation. We find that these three GTPases possess overall similar substrate-associated dynamic features, beyond their distinct functions. Further identification of key common and family-specific elements in these three families helps us understand how enzymes are adapted to acquire distinct functions from a common core structure. Our results provide unprecedented insights into the functional mechanism of GTPases in general, which potentially facilitates novel protein design in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/370197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative structural dynamic analysis of GTPases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis in UK Biobank identifies over 100 QTLs associated with muscle mass variability in middle age individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/370312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Muscle bulk in adult healthy humans is highly variable even after accounting for height, age and sex. Low muscle mass, due to fewer and/or smaller constituent muscle fibers, would exacerbate the impact of muscle loss occurring in aging or disease. Genetic variability substantially influences muscle mass differences, but causative genes remain largely unknown. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on appendicular lean mass (ALM) in a population of 85,750 middle-age (38-49 years) individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB) we found 182 loci associated with ALM (P<5x10-8). We replicated associations for 78% of these loci (P<5x10-8) with ALM in a population of 181,862 elderly (60-74 years) individuals from UKB. We also conducted a GWAS on hindlimb skeletal muscle mass of 1,867 mice from an advanced intercross between two inbred strains (LG/J and SM/J) which identified 23 quantitative trait loci. 38 positional candidates distributed across 5 loci overlapped between the two species. In vitro studies of positional candidates confirmed CPNE1 and STC2 as modifiers of myogenesis. Collectively, these findings shed light on the genetics of muscle mass variability in humans and identify targets for the development of interventions for treatment of muscle loss. The overlapping results between humans and the mouse model GWAS point to shared genetic mechanisms across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez Cordero, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lionikas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/370312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analysis in UK Biobank identifies over 100 QTLs associated with muscle mass variability in middle age individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/371484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum Niemann-Pick Type C1-Related Protein is a Druggable Target Required for Parasite Membrane Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/371484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium parasites possess a protein with homology to Niemann-Pick Type C1 proteins (Plasmodium falciparum Niemann-Pick Type C1-Related protein, PfNCR1). We isolated parasites with resistance-conferring mutations in PfNCR1 during selections with three diverse small-molecule antimalarial compounds and show that the mutations are causative for compound resistance. PfNCR1 protein knockdown results in severely attenuated growth and confers hypersensitivity to the compounds. Compound treatment or protein knockdown leads to increased sensitivity of the parasite plasma membrane (PPM) to the amphipathic glycoside saponin and engenders digestive vacuoles (DVs) that are small and malformed. Immuno-electron microscopy and split-GFP experiments localize PfNCR1 to the PPM. Our experiments show that PfNCR1 activity is critically important for the composition of the PPM and is required for DV biogenesis, suggesting PfNCR1 as a novel antimalarial drug target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Istvan, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatnagar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LLinas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganesan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niles, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaidya, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/371484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmodium falciparum Niemann-Pick Type C1-Related Protein is a Druggable Target Required for Parasite Membrane Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/373811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein aggregation and membrane bending govern nanotube morphology. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/373811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane nanotubes have been identified as dynamic structures for cells to connect over long distances. Nanotubes typically appear as thin and cylindrical tubes, but they may also have a beaded architecture along the tube. In this paper, we study the role of membrane mechanics in governing the architecture of these tubes and show that the formation of beadlike structures along the nanotubes can result from local heterogeneities in the membrane either due to protein aggregation or due to membrane composition. We present numerical results that predict how membrane properties, protein density, and local tension compete to create a phase space that governs the morphology of a nanotube. We also find that there is an energy barrier that prevents two beads from fusing. These results suggest that the membrane-protein interaction, membrane composition, and membrane tension closely govern the tube radius, number of beads, and the bead morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovryn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/373811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein aggregation and membrane bending govern nanotube morphology.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/374405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two central pattern generators from the crab, Cancer borealis, respond robustly and differentially to extreme extracellular pH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/374405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals and their neuronal circuits must maintain function despite significant environmental fluctuations. The crab, Cancer borealis, experiences daily changes in ocean temperature and pH. Here, we describe the effects of extreme changes in extracellular pH - from pH 5.5 to 10.4 - on two central pattern generating networks, the stomatogastric and cardiac ganglia of C. borealis. Given that the physiological properties of ion channels are known to be sensitive to pH within the range tested, it is surprising that these rhythms generally remained robust from pH 6.1 to pH 8.8. Unexpectedly, the stomatogastric ganglion was more sensitive to acid while the cardiac ganglion was more sensitive to base. Considerable animal-to-animal variability was likely a consequence of similar network performance arising from variable sets of underlying conductances. Together, these results illustrate the potential difficulty in generalizing the effects of environmental perturbation across circuits, even within the same animal.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haley, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/374405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two central pattern generators from the crab, Cancer borealis, respond robustly and differentially to extreme extracellular pH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/375634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental demonstration that screening can enable the environmental recruitment of a defensive microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/375634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many animals and plants recruit beneficial microbes from the environment, enhancing their defence against pathogens. However, we have only a limited understanding of the assembly mechanisms involved. A game-theoretical concept from economics, screening, potentially explains how a host selectively recruits mutualistic microbes from the environment by fomenting and biasing competition among potential symbionts in such a way that the more likely winners are antibiotic producers. The cuticular microbiomes of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants inspired one of the first applications of screening theory, and here we simulate this system in vitro to test screening. On agar infused with antibacterial metabolites from Acromyrmexs vertically transmitted Pseudonocardia bacteria, we show that antibiotic-producing Streptomyces bacteria exhibit higher growth rates than do non-antibiotic-producer strains and are more likely to win in direct competition. Our results demonstrate how game-theoretical concepts can provide powerful insight into host-microbiome coevolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Innocent, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Bassam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuring, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/375634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental demonstration that screening can enable the environmental recruitment of a defensive microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/376590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation of Bacillus subtilis upon interaction with Setophoma terrestris results in loss of surfactin and plipastatin production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/376590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Environmental species of bacteria and fungi coexist and interact showing antagonistic and mutualistic behaviors, mediated by exchange of small diffusible metabolites, driving microbial adaptation to complex communal lifestyles1. Here we show that a wild Bacilus subtilis strain undergoes heritable phenotypic variation following interaction with the soil fungal pathogen Setophoma terrestris (ST) in co-culture. Metabolomics analysis revealed a differential profile in B. subtilis before (pre-ST) and after (post-ST) interacting with the fungus, which paradoxically involved the absence of lipopeptides surfactin and plipastatin and yet acquired antifungal activity in post-ST variants. Metabolic changes were also observed in the profile of volatile compounds, with 2-heptanone and 2-octanone being the most discriminating metabolites present at higher concentrations in post-ST during its interaction with the fungus. Most strikingly, both ketones showed strong antifungal activity against S. terrestris, which was lost with the addition of exogenous surfactin to the medium. Whole-genome analyses showed that mutations in the comA and comP genes of the ComQPXA quorum-sensing system, constituted the genetic bases of post-ST conversion, which allowed the concomitant production of ketones and elimination of surfactin. These findings suggest that mutations in ComQXPA stably rewired B. subtilis metabolism towards the depletion of surfactins and the production of antifungal compounds during its antagonistic interaction with S. terrestris.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albarracin Orio, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobares, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayago, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juncosa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smania, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ducasse, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/376590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation of Bacillus subtilis upon interaction with Setophoma terrestris results in loss of surfactin and plipastatin production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/381418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling bistable tumour population dynamics to design effective treatment strategies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/381418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite recent advances in targeted drugs and immunotherapy, cancer remains "the emperor of all maladies" due to inevitable emergence of resistance. Drug resistance is thought to be driven by mutations and/or dynamic plasticity that deregulate pathway activities and regulatory programs of a highly heterogeneous tumour. In this study, we propose a modelling framework to simulate population dynamics of heterogeneous tumour cells with reversible drug resistance. Drug sensitivity of a tumour cell is determined by its internal states, which are demarcated by coordinated activities of multiple interconnected oncogenic pathways. Transitions between cellular states depend on the effects of targeted drugs and regulatory relations between the pathways. Under this framework, we build a simple model to capture drug resistance characteristics of BRAF-mutant melanoma, where two cell states are described by two mutually inhibitory - main and alternative - pathways. We assume that cells with an activated main pathway are proliferative yet sensitive to the BRAF inhibitor, and cells with an activated alternative pathway are quiescent but resistant to the drug. We describe a dynamical process of tumour growth under various drug regimens using the explicit solution of mean-field equations. Based on these solutions, we compare efficacy of three treatment strategies: static treatments with continuous and constant dosages, periodic treatments with regular intermittent phases and drug holidays, and treatments derived from optimal control theory (OCT). Based on these analysis, periodic treatments outperform static treatments with a considerable margin, while treatments based on OCT outperform the best periodic treatment. Our results provide insights regarding optimal cancer treatment modalities for heterogeneous tumours, and may guide the development of optimal therapeutic strategies to circumvent drug resistance and due to tumour plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akhmetzhanov, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/381418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling bistable tumour population dynamics to design effective treatment strategies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/381608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective auxin agonists induce specific AUX/IAA protein degradation to modulate plant development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/381608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxin phytohormones control most aspects of plant development through a complex and interconnected signaling network. In the presence of auxin, AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) transcriptional repressors are targeted for degradation by the SKP1-CULLIN1-F-BOX (SCF) ubiquitin-protein ligases containing TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB). CULLIN1-neddylation is required for SCFTIR1/AFB functionality as exemplified by mutants deficient in the NEDD8-activating enzyme subunit AUXIN-RESISTANT 1 (AXR1). Here, we report a chemical biology screen that identifies small molecules requiring AXR1 to modulate plant development. We selected four molecules of interest, RubNeddin1 to 4 (RN1 to 4), among which RN3 and RN4 trigger selective auxin responses at transcriptional, biochemical and morphological levels. This selective activity is explained by their ability to promote the interaction between TIR1 and a specific subset of AUX/IAA proteins, stimulating the degradation of particular AUX/IAA combinations. Finally, via a genetic screen using RN4, we revealed that the chromatin remodeling ATPase BRAHMA is implicated in auxin-mediated apical hook development. These results demonstrate the power of selective auxin agonists to dissect auxin perception for plant developmental functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raggi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferro, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barange, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kieffer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thelander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parizkova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismail, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enquist, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Łangowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harborough, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ljung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almqvist, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepinski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauwels, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/381608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective auxin agonists induce specific AUX/IAA protein degradation to modulate plant development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/386367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dendritic spine geometry and spine apparatus organization govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/386367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic spines are small subcompartments that protrude from the dendrites of neurons and are important for signaling activity and synaptic communication. These subcompartments have been characterized to have different shapes. While it is known that these shapes are associated with spine function, the specific nature of these shape-function relationships is not well understood. In this work, we systematically investigated the relationship between the shape and size of both the spine head and spine apparatus, a specialized endoplasmic reticulum compartment in the spine head, in modulating rapid calcium dynamics using mathematical modeling. We developed a spatial multi-compartment reaction-diffusion model of calcium dynamics in three dimensions with various flux sources including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), voltage sensitive calcium channels (VSCC), and different ion pumps on the plasma membrane. Using this model, we make several important predictions - first, the volume-to-surface area ratio of the spine regulates calcium dynamics, second, membrane fluxes impact calcium dynamics temporally and spatially in a nonlinear fashion, and finally the spine apparatus can act as a physical buffer for calcium by acting as a sink and rescaling the calcium concentration. These predictions set the stage for future experimental investigations of calcium dynamics in dendritic spines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/386367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dendritic spine geometry and spine apparatus organization govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EGFR confers exquisite specificity of Wnt9a-Fzd9b signaling in hematopoietic stem cell development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms of Wnt-Frizzled (Fzd) signaling selectivity and their biological implications remain unclear. We demonstrate for the first time that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is required as a co-factor for Wnt signaling. Using genetic studies in zebrafish, paired with in vitro cell biology and biochemistry, we have determined that Fzd9b signals specifically with Wnt9a in vivo and in vitro to elicit {beta}-catenin dependent Wnt signals that regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) development in the dorsal aorta. This requirement is conserved in the derivation of HSPCs from human embryonic stem cells. Wnt9a-Fzd9b specificity requires two intracellular domains in Fzd9b, which interact with EGFR as a required co-factor to promote signal transduction. EGFR phosphorylates one tyrosine residue on Fzd9b, a requirement for the Wnt signal. These findings indicate that Wnt signaling interactions can be exquisitely specific and inform protocols for derivation of HSPCs in vitro.nnHighlightsO_LIAn in vitro signaling screen identifies Fzd9b as a Wnt9a-specific receptor.nC_LIO_LIFzd9b and Wnt9a regulate hematopoietic stem cell development as a cognate pair.nC_LIO_LIWNT9A and FZD9 are required for HSPC derivation from human pluripotent cells in vitro.nC_LIO_LIEGFR confers specificity to Wnt9a-Fzd9b signaling in zebrafish and human cells.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grainger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setayesh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lonquich, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oon, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wozniak, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barahona, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamei, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummon, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/387043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EGFR confers exquisite specificity of Wnt9a-Fzd9b signaling in hematopoietic stem cell development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study, replication, and mega-analysis using a dense marker panel in a multi-generational mouse advanced intercross line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/387613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication is considered to be critical for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans, but is not routinely performed in model organisms. We explored replication using an advanced intercross line (AIL) which is the simplest possible multigenerational intercross. We re-genotyped a previously published cohort of LG/J x SM/J AIL mice (F34; n=428) using a denser marker set and also genotyped a novel cohort of AIL mice (F39-43; n=600) for the first time. We identified 110 significant loci in the F34 cohort, 36 of which were new discoveries attributable to the denser marker set; we also identified 27 novel significant loci in the F39-43 cohort. For traits measured in both cohorts (locomotor activity, body weight, and coat color), the genetic correlations were high, although, the F39-43 cohort showed systematically lower SNP-heritability estimates. We then attempted to replicate loci identified in either F34 or F39-43 in the other cohort. Albino coat color was robustly replicated; we observed only partial replication of associations for locomotor activity and body weight. Finally, we performed a mega-analysis of locomotor activity and body weight by combining F34 and F39-43 cohorts (n=1,028), which identified four novel loci. The incomplete replication was inconsistent with simulations we performed to estimate our power to replicate. This may reflect: 1) false positives errors in the discovery cohort, 2) environmental or genetic heterogeneity between the two samples, or 3) the systematic over estimation of the effect sizes at significant loci ("Winners Curse"). Our results demonstrate that it is difficult to replicate GWAS results even when using similarly sized discovery and replication cohorts drawn from the same population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokoloff, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/387613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study, replication, and mega-analysis using a dense marker panel in a multi-generational mouse advanced intercross line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/391904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical modelling reveals how MeCP2 restrains transcriptional elongation in human neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/391904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patterns of gene expression are primarily determined by proteins that locally enhance or repress transcription. While many transcription factors target a restricted number of genes, others appear to modulate transcription levels globally. An example is MeCP2, an abundant methylated-DNA binding protein that is mutated in the neurological disorder Rett Syndrome. Despite much research, the molecular mechanism by which MeCP2 regulates gene expression is not fully resolved. Here we integrate quantitative, multi-dimensional experimental analysis and mathematical modelling to show that MeCP2 is a novel type of global transcriptional regulator whose binding to DNA creates "slow sites" in gene bodies. Waves of slowed-down RNA polymerase II formed behind these sites travel backward and indirectly affect initiation, reminiscent of defect-induced shock waves in non-equilibrium physics transport models. This mechanism differs from conventional gene regulation mechanisms, which often involve direct modulation of transcription initiation. Our findings uncover a genome-wide function of DNA methylation that may account for the reversibility of Rett syndrome in mice. Moreover, our combined theoretical and experimental approach provides a general method for understanding how global gene expression patterns are choreographed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cholewa-Waclaw, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhatbar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramsahoye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pusch, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greulich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waclaw, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/391904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical modelling reveals how MeCP2 restrains transcriptional elongation in human neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/392068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for ligand modulation of the CCR2 conformational landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/392068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CC Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) is a part of the chemokine receptor family, an important class of therapeutic targets. These class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in mammalian signaling pathways and control cell migration toward endogenous CC chemokine ligands. Chemokine receptors and their associated ligands are involved in a wide range of diseases and thus have become important drug targets. Of particular interest is CCR2, which has been implicated in cancer, autoimmunity driven type-1 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, multiple sclerosis, asthma, atherosclerosis, neuropathic pain, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although promising, CCR2 antagonists have been largely unsuccessful to date. Here, we investigate the effect of an orthosteric and an allosteric antagonist on CCR2 dynamics by coupling long timescale molecular dynamics simulations with Markov-state model theory. We find that the antagonists shift CCR2 into several stable inactive conformations that are distinct from the crystal structure conformation, and that they disrupt a continuous internal water and sodium ion pathway preventing transitions to an active-like state. Several of these stable conformations contain a putative drug binding pocket that may be amenable to targeting with another small molecule antagonist. In the absence of antagonists, the apo dynamics reveal intermediate conformations along the activation pathway that provide insight into the basal dynamics of CCR2, and may also be useful for future drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/392068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for ligand modulation of the CCR2 conformational landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/397422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A human cell model of cardiac pathophysiological valvulogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/397422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically modified mice have advanced our understanding of valve development and related pathologies. Yet, little is known regarding human valvulogenesis in health and diseases. Genuine human in vitro models that reproduce valvular (patho)biology are thus needed. We here developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived model fit to decode the early steps of human valvulogenesis and to recapitulate valve disease traits in a dish.nnUsing cellular based, single cell omics-informed and in vivo-validated approaches, we derived a population of pre-valvular endocardial cells from a pluripotent stem cell source. These human prevalvular cells (HPVCs) expressed gene patterns conforming to the atrio-ventricular canal (AVC) endocardium signature originally established in E9.0 mouse embryos. In fact, HPVC treated with BMP2, cultured onto mouse AVC cushions, or transplanted into the AVC of embryonic mouse hearts, underwent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and expressed markers of valve interstitial cells of different valvular layers demonstrating tissue functionality. HPVCs also differentiated into tendinous/chondrogenic cells in line with the valvular repertoire. Extending this valvulogenic model to patient specific iPS cells, we recapitulated features of mitral valve prolapse and uncovered that dysregulation of the SHH pathway is likely to be at the origin of the disease thus providing a putative therapeutic target.nnHuman pluripotent stem cells recapitulate early valvulogenesis and provide a powerful model to systematically decipher the origin and lineage contribution of different valvular cell types in humans as well as to study valve diseases in a dish.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiriart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Vliet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faure, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lefrancois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore-Morris, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaffran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faustino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zambon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devisgnes, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salgado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Pompa, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terzic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markwald, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puceat, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/397422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A human cell model of cardiac pathophysiological valvulogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/404459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validation of the protein kinase PfCLK3 as a multi-stage cross species malarial drug target 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/404459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The requirement for next generation anti-malarials to be both curative and transmission blockers necessitate the identification of molecular pathways essential for viability of both asexual and sexual parasite life stages. Here we identify a selective inhibitor to the Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase PfCLK3 which we use in combination with chemogenetics, whole genome sequencing and transcriptomics to validate PfCLK3 as a druggable target acting at multiple parasite life stages. Consistent with the proposed role of PfCLK3 as a regulator of RNA splicing, inhibition results in the down-regulation of >400 genes essential for parasite survival. Through this mechanism, blocking PfCLK3 activity not only results in rapid killing of asexual blood stage parasites but is also effective on sporozoites and gametocytes as well as showing parasiticidal activity in all Plasmodium species tested. Hence, our data establishes PfCLK3 as a target with the potential to deliver both symptomatic treatment and transmission blocking in malaria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Azqueta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janha, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannery, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahindra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapesa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancucci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonova-Koch, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crouch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simwela, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akinwale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitcheson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solyakov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapatero, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerig, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nwakanma, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colmenarejo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafuente, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waters, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvaro, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamo, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/404459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validation of the protein kinase PfCLK3 as a multi-stage cross species malarial drug target]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/407726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
USP21 and OTUD3 Antagonize Regulatory Ribosomal Ubiquitylation and Ribosome-Associated Quality Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/407726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defects within mRNAs or nascent chains that halt ribosomal progression can trigger ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathways that facilitate mRNA and nascent polypeptide destruction as well as ribosome recycling. Failure to remove defective mRNAs or nascent chains can lead to the accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates and proteotoxic stress. We previously established that the E3 ligase ZNF598 catalyzes regulatory ribosomal ubiquitylation of specific 40S ribosomal proteins required for downstream RQC events. Utilizing an optical RQC reporter we identify OTUD3 and USP21 as deubiquitylating enzymes that antagonize ZNF598-mediated 40S ubiquitylation and facilitate ribosomal deubiquitylation following RQC activation. Overexpression of either USP21 or OTUD3 enhances readthrough of stall-inducing sequences as compared to knock-in cells lacking individual RRub sites suggesting that combinatorial ubiquitylation of RPS10 (eS10) and RPS20 (uS10) is required for optimal resolution of RQC events and that deubiquitylating enzymes can limit RQC activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garshott, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaramoorthy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/407726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[USP21 and OTUD3 Antagonize Regulatory Ribosomal Ubiquitylation and Ribosome-Associated Quality Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal Circulating MicroRNAs Control the Placental Response to Alcohol 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/409854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prenatal Alcohol exposure (PAE), like other pregnancy complications, can result in placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction, though the linking causal mechanisms are unclear. We previously identified 11 gestationally-elevated maternal circulating miRNAs that predicted infant growth deficits following PAE. Here, we investigated whether these HEamiRNAs contribute to the pathology of PAE, by inhibiting trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pathway critical for placental development. We now report for the first time, that PAE inhibits expression of placental pro-EMT pathway members in both rodents and primates, and that HEamiRNAs collectively, but not individually, mediate placental EMT inhibition. HEamiRNAs collectively, but not individually, also inhibited cell proliferation and the EMT pathway in cultured trophoblasts, while inducing cell stress, and following trophoblast syncytialization, aberrant endocrine maturation. Moreover, a single intra-vascular administration of the pooled murine-expressed HEamiRNAs, to pregnant mice, decreased placental and fetal growth and inhibited expression of pro-EMT transcripts in placenta. Our data suggests that HEamiRNAs collectively interfere with placental development, contributing to the pathology of PAE, and perhaps also, to other causes of fetal growth restriction.

SummaryMaternal gestational circulating microRNAs, predictive of adverse infant outcomes including growth deficits, following prenatal alcohol exposure, contribute to placental pathology by impairing the EMT pathway in trophoblasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tseng, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahnke, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allan, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, V. H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, N. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kroenke, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akison, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moritz, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/409854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal Circulating MicroRNAs Control the Placental Response to Alcohol]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No cell is an island: circulating T cell:monocyte complexes are markers of immune perturbations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/411553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our results highlight for the first time that a significant proportion of cell doublets in flow cytometry, previously believed to be the result of technical artefacts and thus ignored in data acquisition and analysis, are the result of true biological interaction between immune cells. In particular, we show that cell:cell doublets pairing a T cell and a monocyte can be directly isolated from human blood, and high resolution microscopy shows polarized distribution of LFA1/ICAM1 in many doublets, suggesting in vivo formation. Intriguingly, T cell:monocyte complex frequency and phenotype fluctuate with the onset of immune perturbations such as infection or immunization, reflecting expected polarization of immune responses. Overall these data suggest that cell doublets reflecting T cell-monocyte in vivo immune interactions can be detected in human blood and that the common approach in flow cytometry to avoid studying cell:cell complexes should be revisited.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burel, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomaznoy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva Antunes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulten, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seumois, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Premawansa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Premawansa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijewickrama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tippalagama, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>deSilva, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilman, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taplitz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayanand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/411553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No cell is an island: circulating T cell:monocyte complexes are markers of immune perturbations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced Medial Frontal Positivity During the Stimulus-Response Interval Precedes Action Errors and Explains Task Deficits in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/412494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain mechanisms responsible for errors during cognitive tasks are poorly understood, particularly in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using subject-specific multimodal imaging (EEG, MRI, behavior) during flanker task performance by a sample of 94 human adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years, 50% female) with varying degrees of ADHD symptomatology, we examined the degree to which amplitudes of source-resolved event-related potentials (ERPs) from brain independent components within a critical (but often ignored) period in the action selection process, the stimulus-response interval, predicted motor response errors (across trials) and error rates (across individuals). Reduced amplitudes of Frontocentral P3 (peaking at approximately 390 milliseconds in stimulus-locked ERPs) and Pre-Movement Positivity (PMP, peaking at approximately 110 milliseconds pre-response in response-locked ERPs) in projections from posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) predicted erroneous responses, and reduced amplitude of PMP predicted a larger participant error rate. After regressing stimulus-from response-locked ERPs, we concluded that errors primarily depended upon response selection processes reflected in PMP amplitude. Finally, mediation analyses showed that smaller PMPs on correct response trials was associated with the higher frequency of errors committed by adolescents with more ADHD symptoms. These results bolster the importance of pMFC in action selection and support the possible value of using PMP as an intervention target to remediate performance deficits in ADHD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burwell, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacono, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/412494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced Medial Frontal Positivity During the Stimulus-Response Interval Precedes Action Errors and Explains Task Deficits in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/414854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies of impulsive personality traits (BIS-11 and UPPSP) and drug experimentation in up to 22,861 adult research participants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/414854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImpulsive personality traits are complex heritable traits that are governed by frontal-subcortical circuits and are associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly drug abuse.nnMethodsIn collaboration with the genetics company 23andMe, Inc., we performed several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on measures of impulsive personality traits (the short version of the UPPSP Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS-11]) and drug experimentation (the number of drug classes an individual has tried in their lifetime) in up to 22,861 male and female adult research participants of European ancestry.nnResultsImpulsive personality traits and drug experimentation showed SNP-heritabilities that ranged from 5 to 11%. Genetic variants in the CADM2 locus were significantly associated with the UPPSP Sensation Seeking subscale (P = 8.3 x 10-9, rs139528938) and showed a suggestive association with drug experimentation (P = 3.0 x 10-7, rs2163971; r2 = 0.68 with rs139528938); CADM2 has been previously associated with measures of risky behaviors and self-reported risk tolerance, cannabis initiation, alcohol consumption, as well as information speed processing, body mass index (BMI) variation and obesity. Furthermore, genetic variants in the CACNA1I locus were significantly associated with the UPPSP Negative Urgency subscale (P = 3.8 x 10-8, rs199694726). Multiple subscales from both UPPSP and BIS showed strong genetic correlations (>0.5) with drug experimentation and other substance use traits measured in independent cohorts, including smoking initiation, and lifetime cannabis use. Several UPPSP and BIS subscales were genetically correlated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (rg = 0.30-0.51, p < 8.69 x 10-3), supporting their validity as endophenotypes.nnConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a role for common genetic contributions to individual differences in impulsivity. Furthermore, our study is the first to provide a genetic dissection of the relationship between different types of impulsive personality traits and various psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontanillas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the 23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKillop, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/414854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association studies of impulsive personality traits (BIS-11 and UPPSP) and drug experimentation in up to 22,861 adult research participants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/415976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A seed resource for screening functionally redundant genes and isolation of new mutants impaired in CO2 and ABA responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/415976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of homologous genes with functional overlap in forward genetic screens is severely limited. Here we report the generation of over 14,000 amiRNA-expressing plants that enable screens of the functionally redundant gene space in Arabidopsis. A protocol is developed here for isolating robust and reproducible amiRNA-mutants. Examples of validation approaches and essential controls are presented for two new amiRNA mutants that exhibit genetically redundant phenotypes and circumvent double mutant lethality. In a forward genetic screen for abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated inhibition of seed germination, amiRNAs that target combinations of known redundant ABA receptor and SnRK2 kinase genes were rapidly isolated, providing a strong proof of principle for this approach. A new ABA insensitive amiRNA line is isolated, which targets three genes encoding avirulence-induced gene2-like (AIG2) genes. A thermal imaging screen for plants with impaired stomatal opening in response to low CO2 exposure led here to isolation of a new amiRNA targeting two essential proteasomal subunits, PAB1 and PAB2. The seed library of 14,000 T2 amiRNA lines generated here provides a new platform for forward genetic screens and is being made available to the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) and optimized procedures for amiRNA screening and controls are described.nnHighlightThe generation of over 14,000 amiRNA-expressing plants is reported that are being made publicly available enabling screens of redundant genes in Arabidopsis. Identification of known and new genes is reported.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hauser, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceciliato, P. H. d. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregerson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youhanna, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubeaux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poomchongkho, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/415976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A seed resource for screening functionally redundant genes and isolation of new mutants impaired in CO2 and ABA responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural variation in the C. elegans autophagy response and clearance of intracellular microsporidia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/418749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural genetic variation can determine the outcome of an infection, and often reflects the co-evolutionary battle between hosts and pathogens. We previously found that a natural variant of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans from Hawaii (HW) has increased resistance against natural microsporidian pathogens in the Nematocida genus, when compared to the standard laboratory strain of N2. In particular, HW animals can clear infection, while N2 animals cannot. In addition, HW animals have lower levels of intracellular colonization of Nematocida compared to N2. Here we investigate how this natural variation in resistance relates to autophagy. We found that there is much better targeting of autophagy-related machinery to parasites under conditions where they are cleared. In particular, ubiquitin targeting to Nematocida cells correlates very well with their subsequent clearance in terms of timing, host strain and age, as well as Nematocida species. Furthermore, clearance correlates with targeting of the LGG-2/LC3 autophagy protein to parasite cells, with HW animals having much more efficient targeting of LGG-2 to parasite cells than N2 animals. Surprisingly, however, we found that lgg-2 is not required to clear infection. Instead we found that loss of lgg-2 leads to increased intracellular colonization in the HW background, although interestingly, it does not affect colonization in the N2 background. Altogether our results suggest that there is natural genetic variation in an lgg-2-dependent process that regulates intracellular levels of microsporidia at a very early stage of infection prior to clearance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/418749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural variation in the C. elegans autophagy response and clearance of intracellular microsporidia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The speed-accuracy tradeoff reveals flexible access to accumulating sensory evidence during human decision making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decisions made about identical perceptual stimuli can be radically different under changing task demands. For example, the need to make a fast decision undermines the accuracy of that decision, a well-documented effect termed the speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT). Models of the SAT are generally based on theories of decision making in which responses are triggered only after sensory evidence accumulation terminates at a set threshold. Within this accumulate-to-bound framework, speed pressure operates by lowering the response threshold, allowing for faster responses at the expense of accumulated sensory evidence. To empirically examine the mechanisms necessary for adaptively adjusting the speed and accuracy of decisions, we used an event-related potential that indexes sensory evidence accumulation in the human brain. Instead of lowering response thresholds, we found that speed pressure adaptively shifts responses to occur close to where the rate of evidence accumulation peaks. Moreover, responses are not triggered automatically by the termination of the accumulation process, as sensory evidence continues to build after speeded decisions. Together these results suggest that response processes adaptively access accumulating sensory evidence depending on task demands and support parallel over serial models of decision making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itthipuripat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rungratsameetaweemana, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The speed-accuracy tradeoff reveals flexible access to accumulating sensory evidence during human decision making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer3D 2.0: interactive analysis of 3D patterns of cancer mutations in cancer subsets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/420521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our knowledge of cancer genomics exploded in last several years, providing us with detailed knowledge of genetic alterations in almost all cancer types. Analysis of this data gave us new insights into molecular aspects of cancer, most important being the amazing diversity of molecular abnormalities in individual cancers. The most important question in cancer research today is how to classify this diversity to identify subtypes that are most relevant for treatment and outcome prediction for individual patients. The Cancer3D database at http://www.cancer3d.org gives an open and user-friendly way to analyze cancer missense mutations in the context of structures of proteins they are found in and in relation to patients clinical data. This approach allows users to find novel candidate driver regions for specific subgroups, that often cannot be found when similar analyses are done on the whole gene level and for large, diverse cohorts. Interactive interface allows user to visualize the distribution of mutations is subgroups defined by cancer type and stage, gender and age brackets, patients ethnicity, or vice versa find dominant cancer type, gender or age groups for specific three-dimensional mutation patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sedova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaroszewski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Post, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrabe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porta-Pardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godzik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/420521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer3D 2.0: interactive analysis of 3D patterns of cancer mutations in cancer subsets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/427450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The spatial chronnectome reveals a dynamic interplay between functional segregation and integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/427450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain is highly dynamic, reorganizing its activity at different interacting spatial and temporal scales including variation within and between brain networks. The chronnectome is a model of the brain in which nodal activity and connectivity patterns are changing in fundamental and recurring ways through time. Most previous work has assumed fixed spatial nodes/networks, ignoring the possibility that spatial nodes or networks may vary in time, particularly at the level of the voxel. Here, we introduce an approach allowing for a spatially fluid chronnectome (called the spatial chronnectome for clarity), which focuses on the variation in spatiotemporal coupling at the voxel level within each network. We identify a novel set of spatially dynamic features which can be obtained and evaluated under different conditions. Results reveal transient spatially fluid interactions between intra- and inter-network relationships in which brain networks transiently merge and then separate again, emphasizing the dynamic interplay between segregation and integration. We also show that brain networks exhibit distinct spatial patterns with unique temporal characteristics, potentially explaining a broad spectrum of inconsistencies in previous studies which assumed static networks. Moreover, we show for the first time that anticorrelative connections to the default mode network, are transient as opposed to constant across the entire scan. Preliminary assessments of the approach using a multi-site dataset collected from 160 healthy subjects and 149 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) revealed the ability of the approach to obtain new information and nuanced alterations of brain networks that remain undetected during static analysis. For example, patients with SZ display transient decreases in voxel-wise network coupling including within visual and auditory networks that are not detectable in a spatially static analysis. Our approach also enabled calculation of a novel parameter, the intra-domain coupling variability which was higher within patients with SZ. The significant association between spatiotemporal uniformity and attention/vigilance cognitive domain highlights the cognitive relevance of the spatial chronnectome. In summary, the spatial chronnectome represents a new direction of research enabling the study of functional networks that are transient at the voxel level and identification of mechanisms for within and between-subject spatial variability to study functional brain homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iraji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRamus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaesoubi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erhardt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEwen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearlson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Potkin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaidya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Erp, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/427450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The spatial chronnectome reveals a dynamic interplay between functional segregation and integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/428557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA replication-mediated error correction of ectopic CENP-A deposition maintains centromere identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/428557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin assembled with the histone H3 variant CENP-A is the heritable epigenetic determinant of human centromere identity. Using genome-wide mapping and reference models for 23 human centromeres, CENP-A is shown in early G1 to be assembled into nucleosomes within megabase, repetitive -satellite DNAs at each centromere and onto 11,390 transcriptionally active sites on the chromosome arms. Here we identify that DNA replication acts as an error correction mechanism to sustain centromere identity through the removal of the sites of CENP-A loading on the chromosome arms, while maintaining centromere-bound CENP-A with the same DNA sequence preferences as in its initial loading.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nechemia-Arbely, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>H. Miga, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoshani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslanian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. McMahon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fachinetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>R. Yates, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/428557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA replication-mediated error correction of ectopic CENP-A deposition maintains centromere identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/430595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A phylogenomic resolution of the sea urchin tree of life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/430595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEchinoidea is a clade of marine animals including sea urchins, heart urchins, sand dollars and sea biscuits. Found in benthic habitats across all latitudes, echinoids are key components of marine communities such as coral reefs and kelp forests. A little over 1,000 species inhabit the oceans today, a diversity that traces its roots back at least to the Permian. Although much effort has been devoted to elucidating the echinoid tree of life using a variety of morphological data, molecular attempts have relied on only a handful of genes. Both of these approaches have had limited success at resolving the deepest nodes of the tree, and their disagreement over the positions of a number of clades remains unresolved.nnResultsWe performed de novo sequencing and assembly of 17 transcriptomes to complement available genomic resources of sea urchins and produce the first phylogenomic analysis of the clade. Multiple methods of probabilistic inference recovered identical topologies, with virtually all nodes showing maximum support. In contrast, the coalescent-based method ASTRAL-II resolved one node differently, a result apparently driven by gene tree error induced by evolutionary rate heterogeneity. Regardless of the method employed, our phylogenetic structure deviates from the currently accepted classification of echinoids, with neither Acroechinoidea (all euechinoids except echinothurioids), nor Clypeasteroida (sand dollars and sea biscuits) being monophyletic as currently defined. We demonstrate the strength and distribution of phylogenetic signal throughout the genome for novel resolutions of these lineages and rule out systematic biases as possible explanations.nnConclusionsOur investigation substantially augments the molecular resources available for sea urchins, providing the first transcriptomes for many of its main lineages. Using this expanded genomic dataset, we resolve the position of several clades in agreement with early molecular analyses but in disagreement with morphological data. Our efforts settle multiple phylogenetic uncertainties, including the position of the enigmatic deep-sea echinothurioids and the identity of the sister clade to sand dollars. We offer a detailed assessment of evolutionary scenarios that could reconcile our findings with morphological evidence, opening up new lines of research into the development and evolutionary history of this ancient clade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongiardino Koch, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppard, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lessios, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/430595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A phylogenomic resolution of the sea urchin tree of life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/431510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters of the oral microbiome illuminates the unexplored social language of bacteria during health and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/431510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small molecules are the primary communication media of the microbial world. Recent bioinformatics studies, exploring the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) which produce many small molecules, have highlighted the incredible biochemical potential of the signaling molecules encoded by the human microbiome. Thus far, most research efforts have focused on understanding the social language of the gut microbiome, leaving crucial signaling molecules produced by oral bacteria, and their connection to health versus disease, in need of investigation. In this study, a total of 4,915 BGCs were identified across 461 genomes representing a broad taxonomic diversity of oral bacteria. Sequence similarity networking provided a putative product class for over 100 unclassified novel BGCs. The newly identified BGCs were cross-referenced against 254 metagenomes and metatranscriptomes derived from individuals with either good oral health, dental caries, or periodontitis. This analysis revealed 2,473 BGCs, which were differentially represented across the oral microbiomes associated with health versus disease. Co-abundance network analysis identified numerous inverse correlations between BGCs and specific oral taxa. These correlations were present in health, but greatly reduced in dental caries, which may suggest a defect in colonization resistance. Finally, corroborating mass spectrometry identified several compounds with homology to products of the predicted BGC classes. Together, these findings greatly expand the number of known biosynthetic pathways present in the oral microbiome and provide an atlas for experimental characterization of these abundant, yet poorly understood, molecules and socio-chemical relationships, which impact the development of caries and periodontitis, two of the worlds most common chronic diseases.nnIMPORTANCEThe healthy oral microbiome is symbiotic with the human host, importantly providing colonization resistance against potential pathogens. Dental caries and periodontitis are two of the worlds most common and costly chronic infectious diseases, and are caused by a localized dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Bacterially produced small molecules, often encoded by BGCs, are the primary communication media of bacterial communities, and play a crucial, yet largely unknown, role in the transition from health to dysbiosis. This study provides a comprehensive mapping of the BGC repertoire of the human oral microbiome and identifies major differences in health compared to disease. Furthermore, BGC representation and expression is linked to the abundance of particular oral bacterial taxa in health versus dental caries and periodontitis. Overall, this study provides a significant insight into the chemical communication network of the healthy oral microbiome, and how it devolves in the case of two prominent diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aleti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boltelho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/431510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters of the oral microbiome illuminates the unexplored social language of bacteria during health and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of a Thermus aquaticus diversity-generating retroelement variable protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are widely distributed in bacteria, archaea, and microbial viruses, and bring about unparalleled levels of sequence variation in target proteins. While DGR variable proteins share low sequence identity, the structures of several such proteins have revealed the C-type lectin (CLec)-fold as a conserved scaffold for accommodating massive sequence variation. This conservation has led to the suggestion that the CLec-fold may be useful in molecular surface display applications. Thermostability is an attractive feature in such applications, and thus we studied the variable protein of a DGR encoded by the thermophile Thermus aquaticus. We report here the 2.8 [A] resolution crystal structure of the variable protein from the T. aquaticus DGR, called TaqVP, and confirm that it has a CLec-fold. Remarkably, its variable region is nearly identical in structure to those of several other CLec-fold DGR variable proteins despite low sequence identity among these. TaqVP was found to be thermostable, which appears to be a property shared by several CLec-fold DGR variable proteins. These results provide impetus for the pursuit of the DGR variable protein CLec-fold in molecular display applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Handa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of a Thermus aquaticus diversity-generating retroelement variable protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic risk for coronary heart disease alters the influence of Alzheimer’s genetic risk on mild cognitive impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDAlzheimers disease (AD) is under considerable genetic influence. However, known susceptibility loci only explain a modest proportion of variance in disease outcomes. This small proportion could occur if the etiology of AD is heterogeneous. We previously found that an AD polygenic risk score (PRS) was significantly associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an early stage of AD. Poor cardiovascular health is also associated with increased risk for AD and has been found to interact with AD pathology. Conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD) are also heritable, and may contribute to heterogeneity if there are interactions of genetic risk for these conditions as there is phenotypically. However, case-control designs based on prevalent cases of a disease with relatively high case-fatality rate such as CAD may be biased toward individuals who have long post-event survival times and may therefore also identify loci with protective effects.nnMETHODSWe compared interactions between an AD-PRS and two CAD-PRSs, one based on a GWAS of incident cases and one on prevalent cases, on MCI status in 1,209 individuals.nnRESULTSAs expected, the incidence-based CAD-PRS interacts with the AD-PRS to further increase MCI risk. Conversely, higher prevalence-based CAD-PRSs reduced the effect of AD genetic risk on MCI status.nnCONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate: i) the utility of including multiple PRSs and their interaction effects; ii) how genetic risk for one disease may modify the impact of genetic risk for another; and iii) the importance of considering ascertainment procedures of GWAS being used for genetic risk prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic risk for coronary heart disease alters the influence of Alzheimer’s genetic risk on mild cognitive impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-species mosaicism of evolutionary origins of genomic loci harboring 59,732 human-specific regulatory sequences reflects a complex continuous speciation process of the human lineage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nearly sixty thousand genomic regions harboring various types of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) have been identified using high-resolution sequencing technologies and methodologically diverse comparative analyses of human and non-human primates reference genomes. Here, the systematic analysis of evolutionary origins of 59,732 genomic loci harboring candidate HSRS has been performed to identify genomic sequences that were either inherited from extinct common ancestors (ECAs) or created de novo in human genomes after the split of human and chimpanzee lineages. Present analyses revealed thousands of HSRS that appear inherited from ECAs yet bypassed genomes of our closest evolutionary relatives, Chimpanzee and Bonobo, presumably due to the incomplete lineage sorting and/or species-specific loss or regulatory DNA. The bypassing pattern is particularly prominent for HSRS putatively associated with development and functions of human brain. Significant fractions of retrotransposon-derived loci that are transcriptionally-active in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are highly conserved in genomes of Gorilla, Orangutan, Gibbon, and Rhesus (1,688; 1,371; 1,148; and 1,045 loci, respectively), yet they are absent in genomes of both Chimpanzee and Bonobo. These observations were independently corroborated by common evolutionary patterns of 248 insertions sites of African ape-specific retrovirus PtERV1 (45.9%; p = 1.03E-44) intersecting genomic regions harboring 442 HSRS, which are enriched for HSRS that have been associated with human-specific (HS) changes of gene expression in cerebral organoid models of brain development. A prominent majority of genomic regions harboring HS mutations associated with HS gene expression changes during brain development is highly conserved in Chimpanzee, Bonobo, and Gorilla genomes. Among nonhuman primates (NHP), most significant fractions of candidate HSRS associated with HS gene expression changes in both excitatory neurons (347 loci; 67%) and radial glia (683 loci; 72%) are highly conserved in the Gorilla genome. Present analyses revealed that Modern Humans captured unique combinations of regulatory sequences, divergent subsets of which are highly conserved in distinct species of six NHP separated by 30 million years of evolution. Concurrently, this unique-to-human mosaic of genomic regulatory patterns inherited from ECAs was supplemented with 12,486 created de novo HSRS. Evidence of multispecies evolutionary origins of HSRS support the model of complex continuous speciation process during evolution of Great Apes that is not likely to occur as an instantaneous event.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glinsky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-species mosaicism of evolutionary origins of genomic loci harboring 59,732 human-specific regulatory sequences reflects a complex continuous speciation process of the human lineage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression of a recombinant high affinity IgG Fc receptor by engineered NK cells as a docking platform for therapeutic mAbs to target cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/432849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anti-tumor mAbs are the most widely used and characterized cancer immunotherapy agents. Despite having a significant impact on some malignancies, most cancer patients respond poorly or develop resistance to this therapy. A known mechanism of action of these therapeutic mAbs is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is a primarily effector function of NK cells. CD16A on human NK cells has an exclusive role in binding to tumor-bound IgG antibodies. Though CD16A is a potent activating receptor, it is a low affinity Fc{gamma}R and its cell surface levels can be rapidly downregulated by a proteolytic process involving ADAM17 upon NK cell activation, which are likely to limit the efficacy of tumor-targeting therapeutic mAbs in the tumor environment. We sought to enhance NK cell binding to anti-tumor mAbs by engineering these cells with a recombinant Fc{gamma}R consisting of the extracellular region of CD64, the highest affinity IgG Fc receptor expressed by leukocytes, and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of CD16A. This novel recombinant Fc{gamma}R (CD64/16A) was expressed in the human NK cell line NK92 and in induced pluripotent stem cells from which primary NK cells were derived. CD64/16A also lacked the ADAM17 cleavage region in CD16A and it was not rapidly downregulated in expression following NK cell activation during ADCC. CD64/16A on NK cells facilitated conjugation to antibody-treated tumor cells, ADCC, and cytokine production, demonstrating functional activity by its two components. Unlike NK cells expressing CD16A, CD64/16A captured soluble therapeutic mAbs and the modified NK cells mediated tumor cell killing. Hence, CD64/16A could potentially be used as a docking platform on engineered NK cells for therapeutic mAbs and IgG Fc chimeric proteins, allowing for switchable targeting elements, and a novel cancer cellular therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Snyder, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hullsiek, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walcheck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/432849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression of a recombinant high affinity IgG Fc receptor by engineered NK cells as a docking platform for therapeutic mAbs to target cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/433912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effects of Global Signal Regression on Estimates of Resting-state BOLD fMRI and EEG Vigilance Correlations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/433912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global signal regression (GSR) is a commonly used albeit controversial preprocessing approach in the analysis of resting-state BOLD fMRI data. While the effects of GSR on resting-state functional connectivity measures have received much attention, there has been relatively little attention devoted to its effects on studies looking at the relation between resting-state BOLD measures and independent measures of brain activity. In this study we used simultaneously acquired EEG-fMRI data in humans to examine the effects of GSR on the correlation between resting-state BOLD fluctuations and EEG vigilance measures. We show that GSR leads to a positive shift in the correlation between the BOLD and vigilance measures. This shift leads to a reduction in the spatial extent of negative correlations in widespread brain areas, including the visual cortex, but leads to the appearance of positive correlations in other areas, such as the cingulate gyrus. The results obtained using GSR are consistent with those of a temporal censoring process in which the correlation is computed using a temporal subset of the data. Since the data from these retained time points are unaffected by the censoring process, this finding suggests that the positive correlations in cingulate gyrus are not simply an artifact of GSR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falahpour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/433912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effects of Global Signal Regression on Estimates of Resting-state BOLD fMRI and EEG Vigilance Correlations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time calibrated morpho-molecular classification of Nassellaria (Radiolaria) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nassellaria are marine radiolarian protists belonging to the Rhizaria lineage. Their skeleton, made of opaline silica, exhibit an excellent fossil record, extremely valuable in micro-paleontological studies for paleo-environmental reconstruction. Yet, to date very little is known about the extant diversity and ecology of Nassellaria in contemporary oceans, and most of it is inferred from their fossil record. Here we present an integrative classification of Nassellaria based on taxonomical marker genes (18S and 28S ribosomal DNA) and morphological characteristics obtained by optical and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Our phylogenetic analyses distinguished 11 main morpho-molecular clades relying essentially on the overall morphology of the skeleton and not on internal structures as previously considered. Using fossil calibrated molecular clock we estimated the origin of Nassellaria among radiolarians primitive forms in the Devonian (ca. 420 Ma), that gave rise to living nassellarian groups in the Triassic (ca. 250 Ma), during the biggest diversification event over their evolutionary history. This morpho-molecular framework provides both a new morphological classification easier to identify under light microscopy and the basis for future molecular ecology surveys. Altogether, it brings a new standpoint to improve our scarce understanding of the ecology and worldwide distribution of extant nassellarians.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendez Sandin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigeard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romac, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Not, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/435123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time calibrated morpho-molecular classification of Nassellaria (Radiolaria)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional organization of autism spectrum disorder and its connection to ASD risk genes and phenotypic variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/435917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hundreds of genes are implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but the mechanisms through which they contribute to ASD pathophysiology remain elusive. Here, we analyzed leukocyte transcriptomics from 1-4 year-old male toddlers with ASD or typical development from the general population. We discovered a perturbed gene network that includes genes that are highly expressed during fetal brain development and which is dysregulated in hiPSC-derived neuron models of ASD. High-confidence ASD risk genes emerge as upstream regulators of the network, and many risk genes may impact the network by modulating RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT/{beta}-catenin signaling pathways. We found that the degree of dysregulation in this network correlated with the severity of ASD symptoms in the toddlers. These results demonstrate how the heterogeneous genetics of ASD may dysregulate a core network to influence brain development at prenatal and very early postnatal ages and, thereby, the severity of later ASD symptoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gazestani, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramparo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalabolu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courchesne, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/435917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional organization of autism spectrum disorder and its connection to ASD risk genes and phenotypic variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/440230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium: a model system for identifying and functionally characterizing causal variants at AMD risk loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/440230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We evaluate whether human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (iPSC-RPE) cells can be used to prioritize and functionally characterize causal variants at age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk loci. We generated iPSC-RPE from six subjects and show that they have morphological and molecular characteristics similar to native RPE. We generated RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq data and observe high similarity in gene expression and enriched transcription factor motif profiles between iPSC-RPE and human fetal-RPE. We performed fine-mapping of AMD risk loci by integrating molecular data from the iPSC-RPE, adult retina, and adult RPE, which identified rs943080 as the probable causal variant at VEGFA. We show that rs943080 is associated with altered chromatin accessibility of a distal ATAC-seq peak, decreased overall gene expression of VEGFA, and allele specific expression of a non-coding transcript. These results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the association of the VEGFA locus with AMD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwald, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguiar, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogue, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borooah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyagari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/440230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium: a model system for identifying and functionally characterizing causal variants at AMD risk loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic essentiality of metabolic regulator PDHK1 in PTEN-deficient cells and cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PTEN is a tumor suppressor that is often inactivated in cancer and possesses both lipid and protein phosphatase activities. We report the metabolic regulator PDHK1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1) is a synthetic-essential gene in PTEN-deficient cancer and normal cells. The predominant mechanism of PDHK1 regulation and dependency is the PTEN protein phosphatase dephosphorylates NF{kappa};B activating protein (NKAP) and limits NF{kappa}B activation to suppress expression of PDHK1, a NF{kappa}B target gene. Loss of the PTEN protein phosphatase upregulates PDHK1 to drive aerobic glycolysis and induce PDHK1 cellular dependence. PTEN-deficient human tumors harbor increased PDHK1, which is a biomarker of decreased patient survival, establishing clinical relevance. This study uncovers a PTEN-regulated signaling pathway and reveals PDHK1 as a potential target in PTEN-deficient cancers.nnSIGNIFICANCEThe tumor suppressor PTEN is widely inactivated in cancers and tumor syndromes. PTEN antagonizes PI3K/AKT signaling via its lipid phosphatase activity. The modest success of PI3K/AKT inhibition in PTEN-deficient cancer patients provides rationale for identifying other vulnerabilities in PTEN-deficient cancers to improve clinical outcomes. We show that PTEN-deficient cells are uniquely sensitive to PDHK1 inhibition. PTEN and PDHK1 co-suppression reduced colony formation and induced cell death in vitro and tumor regression in vivo. PDHK1 levels were high in PTEN-deficient patient tumors and associated with inferior patient survival, establishing clinical relevance. Our study identifies a PTEN-regulated signaling pathway linking the PTEN protein phosphatase to the metabolic regulator PDHK1 and provides a mechanistic basis for PDHK1 targeting in PTEN-deficient cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazarentzos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrustanovic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verschueren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofree, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivas, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dollen, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Earnshaw, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asthana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayekar, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barad, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirichok, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tulpule, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabnis, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bivona, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/441295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic essentiality of metabolic regulator PDHK1 in PTEN-deficient cells and cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigen receptor locus dynamics is orchestrated near the sol-gel phase transition to enforce stepwise VDJ gene rearrangement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/441444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse antibody repertoires are generated through remote genomic interactions involving immunoglobulin variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) gene segments. How such interactions are orchestrated remains unknown. We developed a novel strategy to track VH-DHJH motion and interactions in live B-lymphocytes. We found that VH and DHJH segments were trapped in configurations that only allowed constrained local motion, such that spatially proximal VH and DHJH segments remained in proximity, whereas spatially remote segments explored their immediate neighborhood while remaining remote. Comparison of experimental and simulated data revealed that such a highly constrained motion was imposed by a network of cross-linked chromatin chains characteristic of a gel phase, yet it was poised near the sol phase, a solution of independent chromatin chains. We propose that epigenetically induced gel droplets and the proximity to the sol-gel phase transition constitute the mechanism that orchestrates ordered VDJ rearrangement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/441444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigen receptor locus dynamics is orchestrated near the sol-gel phase transition to enforce stepwise VDJ gene rearrangement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geometric principles of second messenger dynamics in dendritic spines. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dendritic spines are small, bulbous protrusions along dendrites in neurons and play a critical role in synaptic transmission. Dendritic spines come in a variety of shapes that depend on their developmental state. Additionally, roughly 14-19% of mature spines have a specialized endoplasmic reticulum called the spine apparatus. How does the shape of a postsynaptic spine and its internal organization affect the spatio-temporal dynamics of short timescale signaling? Answers to this question are central to our understanding the initiation of synaptic transmission, learning, and memory formation. In this work, we investigated the effect of spine and spine apparatus size and shape on the spatio-temporal dynamics of second messengers using mathematical modeling using reaction-diffusion equations in idealized geometries (ellipsoids, spheres, and mushroom-shaped). Our analyses and simulations showed that in the short timescale, spine size and shape coupled with the spine apparatus geometries govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of second messengers. We show that the curvature of the geometries gives rise to pseudo-harmonic functions, which predict the locations of maximum and minimum concentrations along the spine head. Furthermore, we showed that the lifetime of the concentration gradient can be fine-tuned by localization of fluxes on the spine head and varying the relative curvatures and distances between the spine apparatus and the spine head. Thus, we have identified several key geometric determinants of how the spine head and spine apparatus may regulate the short timescale chemical dynamics of small molecules that control synaptic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cugno, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/444489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geometric principles of second messenger dynamics in dendritic spines.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of essential regulatory elements in the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/444562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification of essential regulatory elements is central to the understanding of the consequences of genetic variation. Here we use novel genomic data and machine learning techniques to map essential regulatory elements and to guide functional validation. We train an XGBoost model using 38 functional and structural features, including genome essentiality metrics, 3D genome organization and enhancer reporter STARR-seq data to differentiate between pathogenic and control non-coding genetic variants. We validate the accuracy of prediction by using data from tiling-deletion-based and CRISPR interference screens of activity of cis-regulatory elements. In neurodevelopmental disorders, the model (ncER, non-coding Essential Regulation) maps essential genomic segments within deletions and rearranged topologically associated domains linked to human disease. We show that the approach successfully identifies essential regulatory elements in the human genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>telenti, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckerman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torkamani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>di Iulio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/444562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of essential regulatory elements in the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/451591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid unsaturation properties govern the sensitivity of membranes to photo-induced oxidative stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/451591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unsaturated lipid oxidation is a fundamental process involved in different aspects of cellular bioenergetics; dysregulation of lipid oxidation is often associated with cell aging and death. In order to study how lipid oxidation affects membrane biophysics, we used a chlorin photosensitizer to oxidize vesicles of various lipid compositions and degree of unsaturation in a controlled manner. We observed different shape transitions that can be interpreted as an increase in the area of the targeted membrane followed by a decrease. These area modifications induced by the chemical modification of the membrane upon oxidation, were followed in situ by Raman Tweezers Microspectroscopy (RTM). We found that the membrane area increase corresponds to the lipids peroxidation and is initiated by the delocalization of the targeted double bonds in the tails of the lipids. The subsequent decrease of membrane area can be explained by the formation of cleaved secondary products. As a result of these area changes, we observe vesicle permeabilization after a time lag that is characterized in relation with the level of unsaturation. The evolution of photosensitized vesicle radius was measured and yields an estimation of the mechanical changes of the membrane over oxidation time. The membrane is both weakened and permeabilized by the oxidation. Interestingly, the effect of unsaturation level on the dynamics of vesicles undergoing photooxidation is not trivial and thus carefully discussed. Our findings shed light on the fundamental dynamic mechanisms underlying the oxidation of lipid membranes, and highlight the role of unsaturations on their physical and chemical properties



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=107 SRC="FIGDIR/small/451591v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bour, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruglik, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabanon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/451591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid unsaturation properties govern the sensitivity of membranes to photo-induced oxidative stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/451682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinematic and Thermodynamic Limits on the Enhanced Diffusion of Enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/451682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A number of enzymes reportedly exhibit enhanced diffusion in the presence of their substrates, with a Michaelis-Menten-like concentration dependence. Although no definite explanation of this phenomenon has emerged, a physical picture of enzyme self-propulsion using energy from the catalyzed reaction has been widely considered. Here, we present a kinematic and thermodynamic analysis of enzyme self-propulsion that is independent of any specific propulsion mechanism. Using this theory, along with biophysical data compiled for all enzymes so far shown to undergo enhanced diffusion, we show that the propulsion speed required to generate experimental levels of enhanced diffusion exceeds the speeds of well-known active biomolecules, such as myosin, by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the minimum power dissipation required to account for enzyme self-propulsion markedly exceeds the chemical power available from enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Alternative explanations for the observation of enhanced enzyme diffusion merit strong consideration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/451682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinematic and Thermodynamic Limits on the Enhanced Diffusion of Enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directed evolution of split APEX peroxidase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
APEX is an engineered peroxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of a wide range of substrates, facilitating its use in a variety of applications, from subcellular staining for electron microscopy to proximity biotinylation for spatial proteomics and transcriptomics. To further advance the capabilities of APEX, we used directed evolution to engineer a split APEX tool (sAPEX). Twenty rounds of FACS-based selections from yeast-displayed fragment libraries, using three different yeast display configurations, produced a 200-amino acid N-terminal fragment (with 9 mutations relative to APEX2) called "AP" and a 50-amino acid C-terminal fragment called "EX". AP and EX fragments were each inactive on their own but reconstituted to give peroxidase activity when driven together by a molecular interaction. We demonstrate sAPEX reconstitution in the mammalian cytosol, on engineered RNA motifs within telomerase noncoding RNA, and at mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shechner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/452888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directed evolution of split APEX peroxidase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orbitofrontal neuron ensembles contribute to inhibitory control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/452938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stopping, or inhibition, is a form of self-control that is a core part of adaptive behavior. We hypothesize that inhibition commands originate, in part, from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We recorded activity of OFC neurons in macaques performing a stop signal task. Decoding analyses revealed a clear difference in ensemble responses that distinguish successful from failed inhibition that begins after the stop signal and before the stop signal reaction time. We also found a different and unrelated ensemble pattern that distinguishes successful from failed stopping before the beginning of the trial. These signals were distinct from, and orthogonal to, value encoding, which was also observed in these neurons. The timing of the early and late signals was, respectively, consistent with the idea that OFC contributes both proactively and reactively to inhibition. These results support the view, inspired by anatomy, that OFC gathers diverse sensory inputs to compute early-stage executive signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasubramani, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/452938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orbitofrontal neuron ensembles contribute to inhibitory control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclic, condition-independent activity in primary motor cortex predicts corrective movement behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reaching movements are known to have large condition-independent neural activity and cyclic neural dynamics. A new precision center-out task was performed by rhesus macaques to test the hypothesis that cyclic, condition-independent neural activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) occurs not only during initial reaching movements but also during subsequent corrective movements. Corrective movements were observed to be discrete with time courses and bell-shaped speed profiles similar to the initial movements. Condition-independent cyclic neural trajectories were similar and repeated for initial and each additional corrective submovement. The phase of the cyclic condition-independent neural activity predicted the time of peak movement speed more accurately than regression of instantaneous firing rate, even when the subject made multiple corrective movements. Rather than being controlled as continuations of the initial reach, a discrete cycle of motor cortex activity encodes each corrective submovement.

Significance StatementDuring a precision center-out task, initial and subsequent corrective movements occur as discrete submovements with bell-shaped speed profiles. A cycle of condition-independent activity in primary motor cortex neuron populations corresponds to each submovement, such that the phase of this cyclic activity predicts the time of peak speeds--both initial and corrective. These submovements accompanied by cyclic neural activity offer important clues into how we successfully execute precise, corrective reaching movements and may have implications for optimizing control of brain-computer interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/453746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclic, condition-independent activity in primary motor cortex predicts corrective movement behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and myocardial infarction in people living with HIV in the United States 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/453860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common among people living with HIV (PLWH). The potential for extrahepatic manifestations of HCV, including myocardial infarction (MI), is a topic of active research. MI is classified into types, predominantly atheroembolic Type 1 MI (T1MI) and supply-demand mismatch Type 2 MI (T2MI). We examined the association between HCV and MI in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS), a multi-center clinical cohort of PLWH. MIs were centrally adjudicated and categorized by type using the Universal MI definition. We estimated the association between chronic HCV (RNA+) and time to MI adjusting for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical characteristics and substance use. Among 24,755 PLWH aged [&ge;]18, there were 336 T1MI and 330 T2MI during a median of 4.2 years of follow-up. HCV was associated with a 68% greater risk of T2MI (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.68, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.30) but not T1MI (aHR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.45). In a cause-specific analysis of T2MI, HCV was associated with a 2-fold greater risk of T2MI attributed to sepsis (aHR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.34, 3.81). Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV in this high-risk population are an important area for continued research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams-Nguyen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawes, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nance, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindström, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckbert, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cachay, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budoff, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurt, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mugavero, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitahata, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saag, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crane, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, J. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/453860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and myocardial infarction in people living with HIV in the United States]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing and characterizing focal amplifications in cancer using AmpliconArchitect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/457333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Focal oncogene amplification and rearrangements drive tumor growth and evolution in multiple cancer types. We developed a tool, AmpliconArchitect (AA), which can robustly reconstruct the fine structure of focally amplified regions using whole genome sequencing. AA-reconstructed amplicons in pan-cancer data and in virus-driven cervical cancer samples revealed many novel insights about focal amplifications. Specifically, the findings lend support to extrachromosomally mediated mechanisms for copy number expansion, and oncoviral pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhtiari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N.-P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwab, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/457333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing and characterizing focal amplifications in cancer using AmpliconArchitect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/458562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Largest genome-wide association study for PTSD identifies genetic risk loci in European and African ancestries and implicates novel biological pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/458562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating disorder. The risk of PTSD following trauma is heritable, but robust common variants have yet to be identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We have collected a multi-ethnic cohort including over 30,000 PTSD cases and 170,000 controls. We first demonstrate significant genetic correlations across 60 PTSD cohorts to evaluate the comparability of these phenotypically heterogeneous studies. In this largest GWAS meta-analysis of PTSD to date we identify a total of 6 genome-wide significant loci, 4 in European and 2 in African-ancestry analyses. Follow-up analyses incorporated local ancestry and sex-specific effects, and functional studies. Along with other novel genes, a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and a Parkinsons Disease gene, PARK2, were associated with PTSD. Consistent with previous reports, SNP-based heritability estimates for PTSD range between 10-20%. Despite a significant shared liability between PTSD and major depressive disorder, we show evidence that some of our loci may be specific to PTSD. These results demonstrate the role of genetic variation contributing to the biology of differential risk for PTSD and the necessity of expanding GWAS beyond European ancestry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maihofer, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klengel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provost, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratanatharathorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiello, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almli, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amstadter, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbisi, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley-Koch, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avdibegovic, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baekvad-Hansen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckham, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierut, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisson, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boks, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolger, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borglum, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brashear, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustamante, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bybjerg-Grauholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabres</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/458562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Largest genome-wide association study for PTSD identifies genetic risk loci in European and African ancestries and implicates novel biological pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/469940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Continuous Evaluation of Ligand Protein Predictions: A Weekly Community Challenge for Drug Docking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/469940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Docking calculations can be used to accelerate drug discovery by providing predictions of the poses of candidate ligands bound to a targeted protein. However, studies in the literature use varied docking methods, and it is not clear which work best, either in general or for specific protein targets. In addition, a complete docking calculation requires components beyond the docking algorithm itself, such as preparation of the protein and ligand for calculations, and it is difficult to isolate which aspects of a method are most in need of improvement. To address such issues, we have developed the Continuous Evaluation of Ligand Protein Predictions (CELPP), a weekly blinded challenge for automated docking workflows. Participants in CELPP create a workflow to predict protein-ligand binding poses, which is then tasked with predicting 10-100 new (never before released) protein-ligand crystal structures each week. CELPP evaluates the accuracy of each workflows predictions and posts the scores online. CELPP is a new cyberinfrastructure resource to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches, help map docking problems to the algorithms most likely to overcome them, and illuminate areas of unmet need in structure-guided drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/469940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Continuous Evaluation of Ligand Protein Predictions: A Weekly Community Challenge for Drug Docking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excitability changes in the motor cortex in preparation for self-paced and cue-guided movements: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a warned reaction time (RT) task, corticospinal excitability (CSE) decreases in task-related muscles at the time of the imperative signal (preparatory inhibition). Because RT tasks emphasise speed of response, it is impossible to distinguish whether preparatory inhibition reflects a mechanism preventing premature reactions, or whether it is an inherent part of movement preparation. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study CSE changes preceding RT movements and movements that were either self-paced (SP) or performed at predictable times to coincide with an external event (PT). Results show that CSE changes over a similar temporal profile in all cases, suggesting that preparatory inhibition is a necessary state in planned movements allowing the transition between rest and movement. Additionally, TMS given shortly before the times to move speeded the onset of movements in both RT and SP contexts, suggesting that their initiation depends on a form of trigger that can be conditioned by external signals. On the contrary, PT movements do not show this effect, suggesting the use of a mechanistically different triggering strategy. This relative immunity of PT tasks to be biased by external events may reflect a mechanism that ensures priority of internal predictive signals to trigger movement onset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocchi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothwell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/470153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excitability changes in the motor cortex in preparation for self-paced and cue-guided movements: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and chromatin architecture in mixed populations and in single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/470963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic DNA methylation and three-dimensional chromatin architecture compose a major portion of a cells epigenome and play an essential role in tissue specific gene expression programs. Currently, DNA methylation and chromatin organization are generally profiled in separate assays. Here, we report Methyl-HiC, a method combining in situ Hi-C and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to simultaneously capture chromosome conformation and DNA methylome in a single assay. Methyl-HiC analysis of mouse embryonic stem cells reveals coordinated DNA methylation between distant yet spatially proximal genomic regions. Extension of Methyl-HiC to single cells further enables delineation of the heterogeneity of both chromosomal conformation and DNA methylation in a mixed cell population, and uncovers increased dynamics of chromatin contacts and decreased stochasticity in DNA methylation in genomic regions that replicate early during cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/470963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and chromatin architecture in mixed populations and in single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/471904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue mechanics and somatosensory neural responses govern touch sensation in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/471904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sense of touch hinges on tissues transducing stimuli applied to the skin and somatosensory neurons converting mechanical inputs into currents. Like mammalian Pacinian corpuscles, the light-touch response of the prime model organism C. elegans adapts rapidly, and is symmetrically activated by the onset and offset of a step indentation. Here, we propose a quantitative model that combines transduction of stimuli across the skin and subsequent gating of mechanoelectrical channels. For mechanics, we use an elastic model based on geometrically-nonlinear deformations of a pressurized cylindrical shell. For gating, we build upon consequences of the dermal layers thinness and tangential stimuli. Our model demonstrates how the onset-offset symmetry arises from the coupling of mechanics and adaptation, and accounts for experimental neural responses to a broad variety of stimuli. Predicted effects of modifications in the mechanics or the internal pressure of the body are tested against mechanical and neurophysiological experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sanzeni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/471904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue mechanics and somatosensory neural responses govern touch sensation in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide co-localization of RNA-DNA interactions and fusion RNA pairs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/472019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fusion transcripts are used as biomarkers in companion diagnoses. Although more than 15,000 fusion RNAs have been identified from diverse cancer types, few common feature has been reported. Here, we compared 16,410 fusion transcripts detected in cancer (from a published cohort of 9,966 tumor samples of 33 cancer types) with genome-wide RNA-DNA interactions mapped in two normal, non-cancerous cell types (using iMARGI, an enhanced version of the MARGI [Mapping RNA-Genome Interactions assay]). Among the top 10 most significant RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells, 5 co-localized with the gene pairs that formed fusion RNAs in cancer. Furthermore, throughout the genome, the frequency of a gene pair to exhibit RNA-DNA interactions is positively correlated with the probability of this gene pair to present documented fusion transcripts in cancer. To test whether RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells are predictive of fusion RNAs, we analyzed in a validation cohort of 96 lung cancer samples using RNA-seq. We found 34 out of 42 fusion transcripts in the validation cohort exhibited RNA-DNA interactions in normal cells. Finally, combining RNA-seq, single-molecule RNA FISH, and DNA FISH, we detected a cancer sample with Eml4-Alk fusion RNA without forming the Eml4-Alk fusion gene. Collectively, these data suggest a novel RNA-poise model, where spatial proximity of RNA and DNA could poise for creation of fusion transcripts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/472019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide co-localization of RNA-DNA interactions and fusion RNA pairs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SYNPLA: A synapse-specific method for identifying learning-induced synaptic plasticity loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/473314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Which neural circuits undergo synaptic changes when an animal learns? Although it is widely accepted that changes in synaptic strength underlie many forms of learning and memory, it remains challenging to connect changes in synaptic strength at specific neural pathways to specific behaviors and memories. Here we introduce SYNPLA (SYNaptic Proximity Ligation Assay), a synapse-specific, high-throughput and potentially brain-wide method capable of detecting circuit-specific learning-induced synaptic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soria Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrill, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malinow, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kebschull, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/473314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SYNPLA: A synapse-specific method for identifying learning-induced synaptic plasticity loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/475566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APPLES: Fast Distance-based Phylogenetic Placement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/475566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPlacing a new species on an existing phylogeny has increasing relevance to several applications. Placement can be used to update phylogenies in a scalable fashion and can help identify unknown query samples using (meta-)barcoding, skimming, or metagenomic data. Maximum likelihood (ML) methods of phylogenetic placement exist, but these methods are not scalable to reference trees with many thousands of leaves, limiting their ability to enjoy benefits of dense taxon sampling in modern reference libraries. They also rely on assembled sequences for the reference set and aligned sequences for the query. Thus, ML methods cannot analyze datasets where the reference consists of unassembled reads, a scenario relevant to emerging applications of genome-skimming for sample identification. We introduce APPLES, a distance-based method for phylogenetic placement. Compared to ML, APPLES is an order of magnitude faster and more memory efficient, and unlike ML, it is able to place on large backbone trees (tested for up to 200,000 leaves). We show that using dense references improves accuracy substantially so that APPLES on dense trees is more accurate than ML on sparser trees, where it can run. Finally, APPLES can accurately identify samples without assembled reference or aligned queries using kmer-based distances, a scenario that ML cannot handle. APPLES is available publically at github.com/balabanmetin/apples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarmashghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/475566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APPLES: Fast Distance-based Phylogenetic Placement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/483263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A learned embedding for efficient joint analysis of millions of mass spectra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/483263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational methods that aim to exploit publicly available mass spectrometry repositories primarily rely on unsupervised clustering of spectra. Here, we propose to train a deep neural network in a supervised fashion based on previous assignments of peptides to spectra. The network, called "GLEAMS," learns to embed spectra into a low-dimensional space in which spectra generated by the same peptide are close to one another. We use GLEAMS as the basis for a large-scale spectrum clustering, detecting groups of unidentified, proximal spectra representing the same peptide, and we show how to use these clusters to explore the dark proteome of repeatedly observed yet consistently unidentified mass spectra. We provide a software implementation of our approach, along with a tool to quickly embed additional spectra using a pre-trained model, to facilitate large-scale analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>May, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilmes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/483263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A learned embedding for efficient joint analysis of millions of mass spectra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Chromatin Architecture Remodeling during Human Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Reveals A Novel Role of HERV-H In Demarcating Chromatin Domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/485961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic restructuring of chromatin architecture has been implicated in cell-type specific gene regulatory programs; yet, how chromatin remodels during lineage specification remains to be elucidated. Through interrogating chromatin reorganization during human cardiomyocyte differentiation, we uncover dynamic chromatin interactions between genes and distal regulatory elements harboring noncoding variants associated with adult and congenital heart diseases. Unexpectedly, we also discover a new class of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-specific topologically associating domains (TAD) that are created by the actively transcribed endogenous retrotransposon HERV-H. Deletion or silencing of specific HERV-H elements eliminates corresponding TAD boundaries, while de novo insertion of HERV-H can introduce new chromatin domain boundaries in human PSCs. Furthermore, comparative analysis of chromatin architecture in other species that lack HERV-H sequences supports a role for actively transcribed HERV-H in demarcating human PSC-specific TADs. The biological role of HERV-H is further underscored by the observation that deletion of a specific HERV-H reduces transcription of genes upstream and facilitates cell differentiation. Overall, our results highlight a previously unrecognized role for retrotransposons in restructuring genome architecture in the human genome and delineate dynamic gene regulatory networks during cardiomyocyte development that inform how non-coding genetic variants contribute to human heart diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destici, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/485961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Chromatin Architecture Remodeling during Human Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Reveals A Novel Role of HERV-H In Demarcating Chromatin Domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/488536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Ca2+ sensor protein CMI1 fine tunes root development, auxin distribution and responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/488536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling cross-talks between auxin, a regulator of plant development and Ca2+, a universal second messenger have been proposed to modulate developmental plasticity in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we report that in Arabidopsis roots, auxin elicits specific Ca2+ signaling pattern that spatially coincide with the expression pattern of auxin-regulated genes. We identified the EF-hand protein CMI1 (Ca2+ sensor Modulator of ICR1) as an interactor of the ROP effector ICR1 (Interactor of Constitutively active ROP). CMI1 is monomeric in solution, changes its secondary structure at Ca2+ concentrations ranging from 10-9 to 10-8 M and its interaction with ICR1 is Ca2+ dependent, involving a conserved hydrophobic pocket. cmi1 mutants display an increased auxin response including shorter primary roots, longer root hairs, longer hypocotyls and altered lateral root formation while ectopic expression of CMI1 induces root growth arrest and reduced auxin responses at the root tip. When expressed alone, CMI1 is localized at the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm and in nuclei. Interaction of CMI1 and ICR1 results in exclusion of CMI1 from nuclei and suppression of the root growth arrest. CMI1 expression is directly upregulated by auxin while expression of auxin induced genes is enhanced in cmi1 concomitantly with repression of auxin induced Ca2+ increases in the lateral root cap and vasculature, indicating that CMI1 represses early auxin responses. Collectively, our findings identify a crucial function of Ca2+ signaling and CMI1 in root growth and suggest an auxin-Ca2+ regulatory feedback loop that fine tunes root development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hazak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitz-Thom, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dementiev, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danziger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abuzeineh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mockaitis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudla, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yalovsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/488536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Ca2+ sensor protein CMI1 fine tunes root development, auxin distribution and responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/491506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering complex metabolite mixtures by unsupervised and supervised substructure discovery and semi-automated annotation from MS/MS spectra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/491506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=94 SRC="FIGDIR/small/491506_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (19K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1382d8borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13636a4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3d7decorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1161d62_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Integration of MS2LDA substructure discovery with MAGMa spectral annotations and ClassyFire term predictions complemented with MotifDB significantly advance metabolite annotation.nnC_FIG Complex metabolite mixtures are challenging to unravel. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used and sensitive technique to obtain structural information on complex mixtures. However, just knowing the molecular masses of the mixtures constituents is almost always insufficient for confident assignment of the associated chemical structures. Structural information can be augmented through MS fragmentation experiments whereby detected metabolites are fragmented giving rise to MS/MS spectra. However, how can we maximize the structural information we gain from fragmentation spectra?nnWe recently proposed a substructure-based strategy to enhance metabolite annotation for complex mixtures by considering metabolites as the sum of (bio)chemically relevant moieties that we can detect through mass spectrometry fragmentation approaches. Our MS2LDA tool allows us to discover - unsupervised - groups of mass fragments and/or neutral losses termed Mass2Motifs that often correspond to substructures. After manual annotation, these Mass2Motifs can be used in subsequent MS2LDA analyses of new datasets, thereby providing structural annotations for many molecules that are not present in spectral databases.nnHere, we describe how additional strategies, taking advantage of i) combinatorial in-silico matching of experimental mass features to substructures of candidate molecules, and ii) automated machine learning classification of molecules, can facilitate semi-automated annotation of substructures. We show how our approach accelerates the Mass2Motif annotation process and therefore broadens the chemical space spanned by characterized motifs. Our machine learning model used to classify fragmentation spectra learns the relationships between fragment spectra and chemical features. Classification prediction on these features can be aggregated for all molecules that contribute to a particular Mass2Motif and guide Mass2Motif annotations.nnTo make annotated Mass2Motifs available to the community, we also present motifDB: an open database of Mass2Motifs that can be browsed and accessed programmatically through an API. MotifDB is integrated within ms2lda.org, allowing users to efficiently search for characterized motifs in their own experiments. We expect that with an increasing number of Mass2Motif annotations available through a growing database we can more quickly gain insight in the constituents of complex mixtures. That will allow prioritization towards novel or unexpected chemistries and faster recognition of known biochemical building blocks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Ong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/491506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering complex metabolite mixtures by unsupervised and supervised substructure discovery and semi-automated annotation from MS/MS spectra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-tissue analysis reveals short tandem repeats as ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and complex traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/495226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs) have been implicated in a variety of complex traits in humans. However, genome-wide studies of the effects of STRs on gene expression thus far have had limited power to detect associations and provide insights into putative mechanisms. Here, we leverage whole genome sequencing and expression data for 17 tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) to identify STRs for which repeat number is associated with expression of nearby genes (eSTRs). Our analysis reveals more than 28,000 eSTRs. We employ fine-mapping to quantify the probability that each eSTR is causal and characterize a group of the top 1,400 fine-mapped eSTRs. We identify hundreds of eSTRs linked with published GWAS signals and implicate specific eSTRs in complex traits including height and schizophrenia, inflammatory bowel disease, and intelligence. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that eSTRs contribute to a range of human phenotypes and will serve as a valuable resource for future studies of complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feupe Fotsing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shleizer-Burko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/495226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-tissue analysis reveals short tandem repeats as ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and complex traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LIN-15B promotes enrichment of H3K9me2 on the promoters of a subset of germline genes that are repressed in somatic cells in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Repression of germline-promoting genes in somatic cells is critical for somatic development and function. To study how germline genes are repressed in somatic tissues, we analyzed key histone modifications in three Caenorhabditis elegans synMuv B mutants, lin-15B, lin-35, and lin-37, all of which display ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. LIN-35 and LIN-37 are members of the conserved DREAM complex. LIN-15B has been proposed to work with the DREAM complex but has not been shown biochemically to be a complex member. We found that in wild-type worms synMuv B target genes and germline genes are enriched for the repressive histone modification dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) at their promoters. Genes with H3K9me2 promoter localization are distributed across the autosomes and not biased toward autosomal arms like broad H3K9me2 domains. Both synMuv B targets and germline genes display dramatic reduction of H3K9me2 promoter localization in lin-15B mutants, but much weaker reduction in lin-35 and lin-37 mutants. This is the first major difference reported between lin-15B and DREAM complex mutants, which likely represents a difference in molecular function for these synMuv B proteins. In support of the pivotal role of H3K9me2 in regulation of germline genes through LIN-15B, global loss of H3K9me2 but not H3K9me3 results in phenotypes similar to synMuv B mutants, high temperature larval arrest and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. We propose that LIN-15B-driven enrichment of H3K9me2 on promoters of germline genes contributes to repression of those genes in somatic tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rechtsteiner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egelhofer, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrigues, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strome, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrella, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/497438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LIN-15B promotes enrichment of H3K9me2 on the promoters of a subset of germline genes that are repressed in somatic cells in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision Medicine Advancements Using Whole Genome Sequencing, Noninvasive Whole Body Imaging, and Functional Diagnostics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the results of a three-year precision medicine study that enrolled 1190 presumed healthy participants at a single research clinic. To enable a better assessment of disease risk and improve diagnosis, a precision health platform that integrates non-invasive functional measurements and clinical tests combined with whole genome sequencing (WGS) was developed. The platform included WGS, comprehensive quantitative non-contrast whole body (WB) and brain magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (MRI/MRA), computed tomography (CT) coronary artery calcium scoring, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, continuous cardiac monitoring, clinical laboratory tests, and metabolomics. In our cohort, 24.3% had medically significant genetic findings (MSF) which may contribute to increased risk of disease. A total of 206 unique medically significant variants in 111 genes were identified, and forty individuals (3.4%) had more than one MSF. Phenotypic testing revealed: 34.2% of our cohort had a metabolomics profile suggestive of insulin resistance, 29.2% had elevated liver fat identified by MRI, 16.4% had clinically important cardiac structure or cardiac function abnormalities on cardiac MRI or ECHO, 8.8% had a high cardiovascular risk on CT coronary artery calcium scoring (Agatston calcium score > 400, Relative Risk of 7.2), 8.0% had arrhythmia found on continuous rhythm monitoring, 6.5% had cardiac conduction disorders found on EKG, 2% had previously undetected tumors detected by WB MRI, and 2.5% had previously undetected aneurysms detected by non-contrast MRI/MRA. Using family histories, personal histories, and test results, clinical and phenotypic findings were correlated with genomic findings in 130 study participants (63.1%) with high to moderate penetrance variants, suggesting the precision health platform improves the diagnostic process in asymptomatic individuals who were at risk. Cardiovascular and endocrine diseases achieved considerable clinical associations between MSFs and clinical phenotypes (89% and 72%, respectively). These findings demonstrate the value of integrating WGS and noninvasive clinical assessments for a rapid and integrated point-of-care clinical diagnosis of age-related diseases that contribute to premature mortality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.-C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirulli, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heister, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon Swisher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barea, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rybak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duchicela, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkness, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venter, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karow, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caskey, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/497560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision Medicine Advancements Using Whole Genome Sequencing, Noninvasive Whole Body Imaging, and Functional Diagnostics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of diabetic kidney disease highlights biology involved in renal basement membrane collagen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a heritable but poorly understood complication of diabetes. To identify genetic variants predisposing to DKD, we performed genome-wide association analyses in 19,406 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using a spectrum of DKD definitions basedon albuminuria and renal function. We identified 16 genome-wide significant loci. The variant with the strongest association (rs55703767) is a common missense mutation in the collagen type IV alpha 3 chain (COL4A3) gene, which encodes a major structural component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) implicated in heritable nephropathies. The rs55703767 minor allele (Asp326Tyr) is protective against several definitions of DKD, including albuminuria and end-stage renal disease. Three other loci are in or near genes with known or suggestive involvement in DKD (BMP7) or renal biology (COLEC11 and DDR1). The 16 DKD-associated loci provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of DKD, identifying potential biological targets for prevention and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todd, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandholm, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pezzolesi, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MCKEIGUE, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiraki, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onengut-Gumuscu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smiles, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MCGURNAGHAN, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haukka, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harjutsalo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuydam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlqvist, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahluwalia, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lajer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skupien, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spiliopoulou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boustany-Kari, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeastroni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caramori, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/499616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of diabetic kidney disease highlights biology involved in renal basement membrane collagen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fibroblast growth factor receptors function redundantly during zebrafish embryonic development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling regulates many processes during development. In many cases, one tissue layer secretes an Fgf ligand that binds and activates an Fgf receptor (Fgfr) expressed by a neighboring tissue. Although many Fgf ligands have known requirements in development, less is known about the requirements for the receptors. We have generated null mutations in each of the five fgfr genes in zebrafish. Considering the many requirements for Fgf signaling throughout development and that null mutations in the mouse Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 genes are embryonic lethal, it was surprising that all zebrafish homozygous mutants are viable and fertile, with no discernable embryonic defect. Instead, we have discovered surprising complexity of the Fgf pathway, where multiple receptors are involved in coordinating developmental processes. For example, mutations in the ligand fgf8a cause loss of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, whereas in the fgfr mutants, this phenotype is only seen in embryos that are triple mutant for fgfr1a;fgfr1b;fgfr2, but not in any single and double mutant combinations. We show that this apparent fgfr redundancy is also seen during the development of several other tissues, including posterior mesoderm, pectoral fins, viscerocranium, and neurocranium. These data therefore begin to define the Fgfrs that function with a particular Fgf ligand to regulate early development in zebrafish.nnSummary statementAnalysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor mutants in zebrafish shows that functional redundancy assures robustness of a core developmental signaling pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leerberg, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopton, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Draper, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/501023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fibroblast growth factor receptors function redundantly during zebrafish embryonic development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antimalarial drug mefloquine kills both trophozoite and cyst stages of Entamoeba 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/501999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite which infects approximately 50 million people worldwide, resulting in an estimated 70,000 deaths every year. Since the 1960s E. histolytica infection has been successfully treated with metronidazole. However, drawbacks to metronidazole therapy exist, including adverse effects, length of treatment, and the need for additional drugs to prevent transmission. All of these may decrease patient compliance and hence increase disease severity and spread of infection. In this study we identified the antimalarial drug mefloquine as possessing more potent, rapid, amoebicidal in vitro activity against E. histolytica trophozoites than metronidazole. We also showed that mefloquine could kill the cysts of a closely related reptilian parasite Entamoeba invadens unlike metronidazole. Additionally, mefloquine is known to possess a much longer half-life in human patients than metronidazole. This property, along with mefloquines rapid and broad action against E. histolytica position it as a promising new drug candidate against this widespread and devastating disease.nnAuthor SummaryEvery year, around 70,000 people worldwide die from infection by the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica, despite the widespread availability of the drug metronidazole as a treatment. Part of the reason for this may be due to issues with patients failing to comply with the full course of treatment for the drug, due either to unpleasant side-effects, to the somewhat long treatment period, or the need for a secondary drug to kill the transmissible life stage of the parasite. In this report we discovered that the antimalarial drug mefloquine killed E. histolytica more potently and more rapidly than metronidazole, and, importantly, also killed the transmissible cyst stage of another Entamoeba species used as a model system. These findings make mefloquine an excellent candidate for an alternative drug to the current standard, with a simpler course of treatment and a more effective strategy to reduce the spread of this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sauvey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrenkaufer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debnath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/501999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antimalarial drug mefloquine kills both trophozoite and cyst stages of Entamoeba]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/503276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Community venomics reveals intra-species variations in venom composition of a local population of Vipera kaznakovi in Northeastern Turkey 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/503276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report on the variable venom composition of a population of the Caucasus viper (Vipera kaznakovi) in Northeastern Turkey. We applied a combination of venom gland transcriptomics, as well as de-complexing bottom-up and top-down venomics, enabling the comparison of the venom proteomes from multiple individuals. In total, we identified peptides and proteins from 15 toxin families, including snake venom metalloproteinases (svMP; 37.8%), phospholipases A2 (PLA2; 19.0%), snake venom serine proteinases (svSP; 11.5%), C-type lectins (CTL; 6.9%) and cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP; 5.0%), in addition to several low abundant toxin families. Furthermore, we identified intra-species variations of the V. kaznakovi venom composition, and find these were mainly driven by the age of the animals, with lower svSP abundance in juveniles. On a proteoform level, several small molecular weight toxins between 5 and 8 kDa in size, as well as PLA2s, drove the difference between juvenile and adult individuals. This study provides first insights into venom variability of V. kaznakovi and highlights the utility of intact mass profiling for a fast and detailed comparison of snake venoms of individuals from a community.nnBiological SignificancePopulation level and ontogenetic venom variation (e.g. diet, habitat, sex or age) can cause a loss of antivenom efficacy against snake bites from wide ranging snake populations. The state of the art for the analysis of snake venoms are de-complexing bottom-up proteomics approaches. While useful, these have the significant drawback of being time-consuming and following costly protocols, and consequently are often applied to pooled venom samples. To overcome these shortcomings and to enable rapid and detailed profiling of large numbers of individual venom samples, we integrated an intact protein analysis workflow into a transcriptomics-guided bottom-up approach. The application of this workflow to snake individuals of a local population of V. kaznakovi revealed intra-species variations in venom composition, which are primarily explained by the age of the animals, and highlighted svSP abundance to be one of the molecular drivers for the compositional differences.nnHighlightsO_LIFirst community venomic analysis of a local population of the Caucasian viper (Vipera kaznakovi).nC_LIO_LIThe venom gland transcriptome of V. kaznakovi identified 46 toxin genes relating to 15 venom toxin families.nC_LIO_LIBottom-up venomics revealed the identification of 25 proteins covering 7 toxin families mainly dominated by snake venom metalloproteinases (svMP).nC_LIO_LICommunity venomics by top-down mass profiling revealed ontogenetic shifts between juvenile and adult snakes.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hempel, B.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gocmen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagstaff, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiss, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casewell, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalbantsoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suessmuth, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/503276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Community venomics reveals intra-species variations in venom composition of a local population of Vipera kaznakovi in Northeastern Turkey]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/503524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A biophysical computational model for memory trace transfer from hippocampus to neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/503524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hippocampus plays important roles in memory formation and retrieval through sharp-wave-ripples. Recent studies have shown that certain neuron populations in the prefrontal cortex exhibit coordinated reactivations during awake ripple events. Also, the reactivation seems stronger during initial awake learning. These experimental findings suggest that the awake ripple is an important biomarker, through which the hippocampus interacts with the neocortex to assist the memory formation and retrieval. However, the computational mechanisms of this ripple based hippocampal-cortical coordination are still not clear. In this work, we build a biophysical model that includes both CA1 and layer V networks of the prefrontal cortex to investigate the possible mechanisms, by which the memory traces in the hippocampus can be transferred to prefrontal cortex. We first show that the local field potentials generated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex exhibit ripple range activities that are consistent with the recent experimental studies. Then, we find that the sequence information stored in the hippocampus can be successfully transferred to the prefrontal cortex recurrent networks through spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) and sequence replays. Further, we investigate the mechanisms of memory retrieval in the PFC network. Our findings suggest that the stored memory traces in the prefrontal cortex network can be retrieved through two different mechanisms, namely the cell-specific input and non-specific spontaneous background noise. Finally, we show that more SWRs and an optimal background noise level will both contribute to better sequence reactivations in the PFC network during memory retrieval. Our study presents a possible explanation for the memory trace transfer from the hippocampus to the neocortex through ripple coupling in awake states and reports two different mechanisms by which the stored memory traces can be successfully retrieved.nnAuthor SummaryThe hippocampal-cortical interactions have been found to be important for learning and memory. Recent experimental work reports interesting coordinations between the hippocampus and neocortex during ripple events in quiet awake states. Investigating this phenomena is critical for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which hippocampus contributes to the long-term memory formation in the neocortex. To this end, we build a biophysical computational model for both the hippocampal CA1 and prefrontal cortex networks. We demonstrate that under STDP rule and sequential inputs, the memory traces initially stored in the hippocampus can be transferred to the neocortex through the ripple events. The stored memory traces in the PFC network can be reactivated by two different mechanisms, namely the cell-specific inputs and non-specific background noises. Our study suggests that both the ripple event numbers and the level of background noises jointly determine the quality of memory retrieval during reactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/503524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A biophysical computational model for memory trace transfer from hippocampus to neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/504894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Rap1 binding site and lipid-dependent helix in talin F1 domain cooperate in integrin activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/504894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rap1 GTPases bind effectors, such as RIAM, to enable talin1 to induce integrin activation. In addition, Rap1 binds directly to the talin1 F0 domain (F0); however, this interaction makes a negligible contribution to integrin activation in CHO cells or platelets. Here, we show that talin1 F1 domain contains a previously undetected Rap1 binding site of similar affinity to that in F0. A structure-guided point mutant (R118E) in F1, which blocks Rap1 binding, abolishes the capacity of Rap1 to potentiate talin1-induced integrin activation. The capacity of F1 to mediate Rap1-dependent integrin activation depends on a unique loop in F1 that transforms into an amphipathic helix upon binding to membrane lipids. Basic membrane-facing residues of this helix are critical as charge reversal mutations led to dramatic suppression of talin1-dependent activation. Thus, a novel Rap1 binding site and a lipid-dependent amphipathic helix in talin1 F1 cooperate to enable a direct Rap1-talin1 interaction to cause integrin activation.nnSummaryThis work reveals that Rap1 GTPases bind directly to talin1 F1 domain and by cooperating with a unique lipid-dependent amphipathic helix in the F1 domain effects talin1-mediated integrin activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagarrigue, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuevas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zorovich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valadez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seban, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/504894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Rap1 binding site and lipid-dependent helix in talin F1 domain cooperate in integrin activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic perspectives on adaptation and conservation in the endangered long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus). 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Native to the mountains of East Asia, the long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is a vulnerable wild ungulate in the tribe Caprini. To understand key conservation issues related to fragmentation and subsequent endangerment of this montane species, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of a long-tailed goral to explore historical demography, contemporary levels of genetic diversity, and potential immune response. When compared to ten additional mammalian reference genomes, we identified 357 positively selected genes (PSGs) in the long-tailed goral and 364 PSGs in the Caprini lineage. Gene Ontology analyses showed statistical enrichment in biological processes related to immune function and in genes and pathways related to blood coagulation. We also identified low levels of heterozygosity (0.00114) in the long-tailed goral along with decreases in population size relative to other species of Caprini. Finally, we provide evidence for positive selection on the muscle development gene myostatin (MSTN) in the Caprini lineage, which may have increased the muscle development and climbing ability in the caprine common ancestor. Low effective population size and decreased heterozygosity of the long-tailed goral raise conservation concern about the effects of habitat fragmentation, over harvest, and inbreeding on this vulnerable species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paek, W. k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic perspectives on adaptation and conservation in the endangered long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus).]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Full Atomistic Model Of Prion Structure And Conversion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/505271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prions are unusual protein assemblies that propagate their conformationally-encoded information in absence of nucleic acids. The first prion identified, the scrapie isoform (PrPSc) of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), is the only one known to cause epidemic and epizootic episodes(1). Most aggregates of other misfolding-prone proteins are amyloids, often arranged in a Parallel-In-Register-{beta}-Sheet (PIRIBS)(2) or {beta}-solenoid conformations(3). Similar folding models have also been proposed for PrPSc, although none of these have been confirmed experimentally. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray fiber-diffraction studies provided evidence that PrPSc is structured as a 4-rung {beta}-solenoid (4R{beta}S)(4, 5). Here, we combined different experimental data and computational techniques to build the first physically-plausible, atomic resolution model of mouse PrPSc, based on the 4R{beta}S architecture. The stability of this new PrPSc model, as assessed by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, was found to be comparable to that of the prion forming domain of Het-s, a naturally-occurring {beta}-solenoid. Importantly, the 4R{beta}S arrangement allowed the first simulation of the sequence of events underlying PrPC conversion into PrPSc. Our results provide the most updated, experimentally-driven and physically-coherent model of PrPSc, together with an unprecedented reconstruction of the mechanism underlying the self-catalytic propagation of prions.nnSignificanceSince the original hypothesis by Stanley Prusiner, prions have represented enigmatic agents diverging from the classical concept of genetic inheritance. However, the structure of PrPSc, the infectious isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), has so far remained elusive, mostly due to technical challenges posed by its aggregation propensity. Here, we present a new high resolution model of PrPSc derived from the integration of a wide array of recent experimental constraints. By coupling the information of such model with a newly developed computational method, we reconstructed for the first time the conformational transition of PrPC to PrPSc. This study offers a unique workbench for designing therapeutics against prion diseases, and a physically-plausible mechanism explaining how protein conformation could self-propagate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spagnolli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigoli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orioli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevillano, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faccioli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wille, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biasini, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Requena, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/505271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Full Atomistic Model Of Prion Structure And Conversion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCluster: A Robust Single-Cell Hi-C Clustering Method Based on Convolution and Random Walk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3D genome structure plays a pivotal role in gene regulation and cellular function. Single-cell analysis of genome architecture has been achieved using imaging and chromatin conformation capture methods such as Hi-C. To study variation in chromosome structure between different cell types, computational approaches are needed that can utilize sparse and heterogeneous single-cell Hi-C data. However, few methods exist that are able to accurately and efficiently cluster such data into constituent cell types. Here, we describe HiCluster, a single-cell clustering algorithm for Hi-C contact matrices that is based on imputations using linear convolution and random walk. Using both simulated and real data as benchmarks, HiCluster significantly improves clustering accuracy when applied to low coverage Hi-C datasets compared to existing methods. After imputation by HiCluster, structures similar to topologically associating domains (TADs) could be identified within single cells, and their consensus boundaries among cells were enriched at the TAD boundaries observed in bulk samples. In summary, HiCluster facilitates visualization and comparison of single-cell 3D genomes.nnAvailabilityhttps://github.com/zhoujt1994/HiCluster.git
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/506717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCluster: A Robust Single-Cell Hi-C Clustering Method Based on Convolution and Random Walk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HOOK3 is a scaffold for the opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors cytoplasmic dynein and KIF1C 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The unidirectional and opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors, dynein and kinesin, drive long-distance intracellular cargo transport. Cellular observations support the existence of mechanisms to couple opposite polarity motors: in cells some cargos rapidly switch directions and kinesin motors can be used to localize dynein. We recently identified an interaction between the cytoplasmic dynein-1 activating adaptor HOOK3 and the kinesin-3 KIF1C. Here we show that KIF1C and dynein/dynactin can exist in a single complex scaffolded by HOOK3. Full-length HOOK3 binds to and activates dynein/dynactin motility. HOOK3 also binds to a short region in the "tail" of KIF1C, but unlike dynein/dynactin, this interaction does not affect the processive motility of KIF1C. HOOK3 scaffolding allows dynein to transport KIF1C towards the microtubule minus end, and KIF1C to transport dynein towards the microtubule plus end. We propose that linking dynein and kinesin motors by dynein activating adaptors may be a general mechanism to regulate bidirectional motility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kendrick, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redwine, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pontano Vaites, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzieciatkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/508887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HOOK3 is a scaffold for the opposite-polarity microtubule-based motors cytoplasmic dynein and KIF1C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/514216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perceptions and Prospects in Life Sciences in a Heterogenous Latin American Population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/514216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Particular challenges exist for science education in the developing world, where limited resources beget curricula designed to balance state-of-the-art knowledge with practical and political considerations in region-specific contexts. Project-based biology teaching is particularly difficult to execute due to high infrastructural costs and limited teacher training. Here, we report our results implementing short, challenging, and low-cost biology courses to high school and college students in Bolivia, designed and taught in collaboration between scientists from developed nations and local science instructors. We find our approach to be effective at transmitting advanced topics in disease modeling, microscopy, genome engineering, neuroscience, microbiology, and regenerative biology. Importantly, this approach was unaffected by the students backgrounds, education level, socioeconomic status, or initial interest in the course, and increased participants interest in pursuing scientific careers. These results demonstrate efficacy of participatory learning in a developing nation, and suggest that such techniques could drive scientific engagement in other developing economies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, L. M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carosso, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Videla, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaca Diez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Betancourt, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montellano Duran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alatriste-Gonzalez, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vacaflores, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohorquez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Auza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuetz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander-Savino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandarilla Cuellar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostajo Radji, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/514216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perceptions and Prospects in Life Sciences in a Heterogenous Latin American Population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/516716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomewide Analyses of Psychological Resilience in US Army Soldiers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/516716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Though a growing body of preclinical and translational research is illuminating a biological basis for resilience to stress, little is known about the genetic basis of psychological resilience in humans. We conducted genomewide association studies (GWAS) of self-assessed (by questionnaire) and outcome-based (incident mental disorders from pre- to post-deployment) resilience among European (EUR) ancestry soldiers in the Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS). Self-assessed resilience (N=11,492) was found to have significant common-variant heritability (h2=0.162, se=0.050, p=5.37e-4), and to be significantly negatively genetically correlated with neuroticism (rg= -0.388, p=0.0092). GWAS results from the EUR soldiers revealed a genomewide significant locus (4 SNPs in LD; top SNP: rs4260523, p=5.654e-09) on an intergenic region on Chr 4 upstream from DCLK2 (Doublecortin-Like Kinase 2), a member of the doublecortin (DCX) family of kinases that promote survival and regeneration of injured neurons. A second gene, KLHL36 (Kelch Like Family Member 36) was detected at gene-wise genomewide significance (p=1.89e-06). A polygenic risk score derived from the self-assessed resilience GWAS was not significantly associated with outcome-based resilience. In very preliminary results, genomewide significant association with outcome-based resilience was found for one locus (top SNP: rs12580015) on Chr 12 downstream from SLC15A5 (solute carrier family 15 member 5) in the small group (N=581) of subjects exposed to the highest level of deployment stress. The further study of genetic determinants of resilience has the potential to illuminate the molecular bases of stress-related psychopathology and potentially point to new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell-Sills, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeringa, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maihofer, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nock, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoller, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursano, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/516716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomewide Analyses of Psychological Resilience in US Army Soldiers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Note on Computing Interval Overlap Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We consider the following problem: Let I and If each describe a collection of n and m non-overlapping intervals on a line segment of finite length. Suppose that k of the m intervals of If are intersected by some interval(s) in I. Under the null hypothesis that intervals in I are randomly arranged w.r.t If, what is the significance of this overlap? This is a natural abstraction of statistical questions that are ubiquitous in the post-genomic era. The interval collections represent annotations that reveal structural or functional regions of the genome, and overlap statistics can provide insight into the correlation between different structural and functional regions. However, the statistics of interval overlaps have not been systematically explored. In this manuscript, we formulate a statistical significance problem which considers the length and structure of intervals. We describe a combinatorial algorithm for a constrained interval overlap problem that can accurately compute very small p-values. We also propose a fast approximate method to facilitate problems consisted of very large number of intervals. These methods are all implemented in a tool, iStat. We applied iStat to simulated interval data to obtain precise estimates of low p-values, and characterize the performance of our methods. We also test iStat on real datasets from previous studies, and compare iStat results with the reported p-values using basic permutation or parametric tests. The iStat software is made publicly available on https://github.com/shahab-sarmashghi/ISTAT.git
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarmashghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/517987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Note on Computing Interval Overlap Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell Fate Determining Molecular Switches and Signaling Pathway in Pax7-expressing Somitic Mesoderm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pax7-expressing progenitor cells in the somitic mesoderm differentiate into multiple lineages, such as brown adipose tissue, dorsal dermis, as well as muscle in the dorsal trunk and the diaphragm; however, the key molecular switches that determine and control the process of lineage commitment and cell fate are unknown. To probe the mechanisms behind mesoderm development, Pax7creER/R26-stop-EYFP embryos were tamoxifen-induced at E9.5 to label Pax7+ cells for lineage tracing and collected at later time points for analysis. The YFP-labelled cells which belonged to the Pax7 lineage were enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and subject to single-cell RNA profiling. We observed that a subpopulation of cells differentiated into the myogenic lineage, showing Myf5 expression as early as E12.5, whereas the rest of the population was fibroblast-like and appeared to be the early stage of the adipogenic and dermal lineages. Cells at E14.5 had distinct myogenic populations that expressed Myod1 and Myog; we also identified other populations with Ebf2 or Twist2 expression, which could belong to adipogenic or dermal lineages, respectively. Cell surface markers were also found for each specific lineage, providing insights in sorting strategy for lineage-of-interest for further functional evaluation. Adipogenic lineage was successfully sorted with a combination of Pdgfra and Thy1 antibodies. In addition, we found that upregulation of Wnt signaling pathway activity is dynamically regulated in dermal lineage. Finally, transcription factors that could potentially drive, or reprogram cell fate, were identified at different developmental time points.nnSummary statementInvestigation of Pax7 lineage transcriptomic profile at single-cell level identified multiple cell types, fate commitment time point, surface markers, transcription factors and signaling pathways that determine cell fate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fung, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/518084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell Fate Determining Molecular Switches and Signaling Pathway in Pax7-expressing Somitic Mesoderm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De Novo Peptide Sequencing Reveals a Vast Cyclopeptidome in Human Gut and Other Environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic and branch cyclic peptides (cyclopeptides) represent an important class of bioactive natural products that include many antibiotics and anti-tumor compounds. However, little is known about cyclopeptides in the human gut, despite the fact that humans are constantly exposed to them. To address this bottleneck, we developed the CycloNovo algorithm for de novo cyclopeptide sequencing that employs de Bruijn graphs, the workhorse of DNA sequencing algorithms. CycloNovo reconstructed many new cyclopeptides that we validated with transcriptome, metagenome, and genome mining analyses. Our benchmarking revealed a vast hidden cyclopeptidome in the human gut and other environments and suggested that CycloNovo offers a much-needed step-change for cyclopeptide discovery. Furthermore, CycloNovo revealed a wealth of anti-microbial cyclopeptides from food that survive the complete human gastrointestinal tract, raising the question of how these cyclopeptides might affect the human microbiome.nnSIGNIFICANCEThe golden age of antibiotics was followed by a decline in the pace of antibiotics discovery in the 1990s. The key prerequisite for the resurgence of antibiotics research is the development of a computational discovery pipeline for antibiotics sequencing. We describe such pipeline for cyclic and branch cyclic peptides (cyclopeptides) that represent an important class of bioactive natural products such as antibiotics and anti-tumor compounds. Our CycloNovo algorithm for cyclopeptide sequencing reconstructed many new cyclopeptides that we validated with transcriptome, metagenome, and genome mining analyses. CycloNovo revealed a wealth of anti-microbial cyclopeptides from food that survive the complete human gastrointestinal tract, raising the question of how these cyclopeptides might affect the human microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Behsaz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohimani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prjibelski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smarr, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mylne, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De Novo Peptide Sequencing Reveals a Vast Cyclopeptidome in Human Gut and Other Environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adapting genotyping-by-sequencing and variant calling for heterogeneous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The heterogeneous stock (HS) is an outbred rat population derived from eight inbred rat strains. HS rats are ideally suited for genome wide association studies; however, only a few genotyping microarrays have ever been designed for rats and none of them are currently in production. To address the need for an efficient and cost effective method of genotyping HS rats, we have adapted genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) to obtain genotype information at large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In this paper, we have outlined the laboratory and computational steps we took to optimize double digest genotype-by-sequencing (ddGBS) for use in rats. We also evaluate multiple existing computational tools and explain the workflow we have used to call and impute over 3.7 million SNPs. We also compared various rat genetic maps, which are necessary for imputation, including a recently developed map specific to the HS. Using our approach, we obtained concordance rates of 99% with data obtained using data from a genotyping array. The principles and computational pipeline that we describe could easily be adapted for use in other species for which reliable reference genome sets are available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gileta, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/523043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adapting genotyping-by-sequencing and variant calling for heterogeneous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aβ-Positivity Predicts Cognitive Decline but Cognition Also Predicts Progression to Aβ-Positivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionBiomarker positivity predicts cognitive decline and Alzheimers dementia. But what predicts biomarker positivity? We hypothesized that cognitive function and p-tau would predict progression from normal to abnormal levels of {beta}-amyloid (A{beta}).

MethodsBaseline cognition in 292 non-demented, A{beta}-negative Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants was measured with two cognitive composites and compared between those that progressed to A{beta}-positivity versus A{beta}-stable. Follow-up analyses included continuous CSF A{beta} and p-tau levels to examine subthreshold effects.

ResultsContinuously measured baseline subthreshold A{beta} and p-tau predicted progression to A{beta}-positivity, but both baseline cognitive measures predicted progression to A{beta}-positivity even after controlling for baseline biomarker levels.

DiscussionCurrent A{beta} thresholds may be ignoring relevant subthreshold pathology. Importantly, cognitive function can be an important early predictor of future risk, even earlier than the key biomarkers as currently measured. Moreover, A-/T+ individuals may still be on the AD pathway because p-tau also predicted progression to positivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustavson, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/523787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aβ-Positivity Predicts Cognitive Decline but Cognition Also Predicts Progression to Aβ-Positivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/526475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fate plasticity and reprogramming in genetically distinct populations of Danio leucophores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/526475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding genetic and cellular bases of adult form remains a fundamental goal at the intersection of developmental and evolutionary biology. The skin pigment cells of vertebrates, derived from embryonic neural crest, are a useful system for elucidating mechanisms of fate specification, pattern formation, and how particular phenotypes impact organismal behavior and ecology. In a survey of Danio fishes, including zebrafish Danio rerio, we identified two populations of white pigment cells--leucophores--one of which arises by transdifferentiation of adult melanophores and another that develops from a yellow/orange xanthophore-like progenitor. Single-cell transcriptomic, mutational, chemical and ultrastructural analyses of zebrafish leucophores revealed cell-type specific chemical compositions, organelle configurations and genetic requirements. At the organismal level, we identified distinct physiological responses of leucophores during environmental background matching and we show that leucophore complement influences behavior. Together, our studies revealed new, independently arisen pigment cell types and mechanisms of fate acquisition in zebrafish, and illustrate how concerted analyses across hierarchical levels can provide insights into phenotypes and their evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bain, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturiale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deheyn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott-Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raible, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parichy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/526475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fate plasticity and reprogramming in genetically distinct populations of Danio leucophores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal sparse olfactory representations persist in a plastic network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural representation of a stimulus is repeatedly transformed as it moves from the sensory periphery to deeper layers of the nervous system. Sparsening transformations are thought to increase the separation between similar representations, encode stimuli with great specificity, maximize storage capacity as associative memories, and provide an energy efficient instantiation of information in neural circuits. In the insect olfactory system, odors are initially represented in the periphery as a combinatorial code with simple temporal dynamics. Subsequently, in the antennal lobe this representation is transformed into a dense spatiotemporal activity pattern. Next, in the mushroom body Kenyon cells (KCs), the representation is dramatically sparsened. Then in mushroom body output neurons (MBONs), the representation takes on a new dense spatiotemporal format. Here, we develop a computational model to simulate this chain of olfactory processing from the receptor neurons to MBONs. We demonstrate that representations of similar odorants are maximally separated, measured by the distance between the corresponding MBON activity vectors, when KC responses are sparse and that the sparseness is maintained across variations in odor concentration by adjusting the feedback inhibition KCs receive. Different odor concentrations require different strength and timing of feedback inhibition for optimal processing. Further, in vivo, the KC-MBON synapse is highly plastic, and changes in synaptic strength after learning can change the balance of excitation and inhibition and may lead to a change in the distance between MBON activity vectors of two odorants for the same level of KC population sparseness. Thus, what is an optimal degree of sparseness before odor learning, could be rendered sub-optimal post learning. Here, we show, however, that synaptic weight changes caused by spike timing dependent plasticity increase the distance between the odor representations from the perspective of MBONs and do not lead to a concomitant change in the optimal sparseness.

Author SummaryKenyon cells (KCs) of the mushroom body represent odors as a sparse code. When viewed from the perspective of follower neurons, mushroom body output neurons (MBONs), an optimal level of KC sparseness maximally separates the representations of odors. However, the KC-MBON synapse is highly plastic and may be potentiated or depressed by odor-driven experience that could, in turn, perturb the optimality formed by pre-synaptic circuits. Contrary to this expectation, we show that synaptic plasticity based on spike timing of pre- and postsynaptic neurons improves the ability of the system to distinguish between the representations of similar odors while preserving the optimality determined by pre-synaptic circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Assisi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stopfer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/528125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal sparse olfactory representations persist in a plastic network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YAP/TAZ as a Novel Regulator of cell volume 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/528133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How mammalian cells regulate their physical size is currently poorly understood, in part due to the difficulty of accurately quantifying cell volume in a high throughput manner. Here, using the fluorescence exclusion method, we demonstrate that the mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are novel regulators of single cell volume. We report that the role of YAP/TAZ in cell volume regulation must go beyond its influence on total cell cycle duration or the cell shape to explain the observed changes in volume. Moreover, for our experimental conditions, volume regulation by YAP/TAZ is independent of mTOR. Instead, we find YAP/TAZ directly impacts the cell division volume. Based on the idea that YAP/TAZ is a mechanosensor, we find that inhibiting the assembly of myosin and cell tension slows cell cycle progression from G1 to S. These results suggest that YAP/TAZ and the Hippo pathway may be modulating cell volume in combination with cytoskeletal tension during cell cycle progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perez Gonzalez, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochman, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran Le, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanary, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sablich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toler, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crentsil, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takaesu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambrus, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirtz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/528133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YAP/TAZ as a Novel Regulator of cell volume]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Members of the Arabidopsis auxin receptor gene family are essential early in embryogenesis and have broadly overlapping functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The TIR1/AFB auxin co-receptors mediate diverse responses to the plant hormone auxin. The Arabidopsis genome encodes six TIR1/AFB proteins representing three of the four clades that were established prior to angiosperm radiation. To determine the role of these proteins in plant development we performed an extensive genetic analysis involving the generation and characterization of all possible multiply mutant lines. We find that loss of all six TIR1/AFB proteins results in defects in embryogenesis as early as the 8-cell stage, and possibly earlier. Mutant embryos progress but exhibit frequent cell division errors followed by proliferation of the suspensor, and eventually seed abortion. Despite this dramatic phenotype, a single wild-type allele of TIR1 or AFB2 is sufficient to support growth throughout plant development. Further, gametophytic expression of the TIR1/AFB genes is not essential for development of the male or female gametophyte. Our analysis reveals extensive functional overlap between even the most distantly related TIR1/AFB genes except for AFB1. Surprisingly, the AFB1 protein has a specialized function in rapid auxin-dependent inhibition of root growth and early phase of root gravitropism. This activity may be related to a difference in subcellular localization compared to the other members of the family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prigge, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadakia, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/529248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Members of the Arabidopsis auxin receptor gene family are essential early in embryogenesis and have broadly overlapping functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial volume fraction controls translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/529289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are dynamic in their size and morphology yet must also precisely control their protein composition according to cellular energy demand. This control is particularly complicated for mitochondria, as they must coordinate gene expression from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. We have found that cells are able to use this dynamic morphology to post-transcriptionally coordinate protein expression with the metabolic demands of the cell through enhanced mRNA localization to the mitochondria. As yeast switch to respiratory metabolism, they increase their mitochondrial volume fraction that is, the ratio of mitochondrial volume to intracellular volume which drives the localization of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs to the surface of the mitochondria. Through artificial tethering experiments, we show that this mitochondrial localization is sufficient to increase protein production, whereas sequestering mRNAs away from the mitochondrial surface decreases protein production, and those cells are deficient in growth in respiratory conditions. Furthermore, we find that this mRNA sensitivity to mitochondrial volume fraction is driven by the speed of translation downstream of the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS), as local ribosome stalling through a stretch of polyprolines in the nascent peptide can drive constitutive localization of mRNAs to the mitochondria. This points to a mechanism by which organelle volume fraction provides feedback to regulate organelle-specific gene expression through mRNA localization while potentially circumventing the need to directly coordinate with the nuclear genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsuboi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viana, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanchani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arceo, X. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tutucci, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafelski, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/529289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial volume fraction controls translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dedifferentiation orchestrated through remodeling of the chromatin landscape defines PSEN1 mutation-induced Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early-Onset Familial Alzheimers Disease (EOFAD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder elicited by mutations in the PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP genes1. Hallmark pathological changes and symptoms observed, namely the accumulation of misfolded Amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) in plaques and Tau aggregates in neurofibrillary tangles associated with memory loss and cognitive decline, are understood to be temporally accelerated manifestations of the more common sporadic Late-Onset Alzheimers Disease. The complete penetrance of EOFAD-causing mutations has allowed for experimental models which have proven integral to the overall understanding of AD2. However, the failure of pathology-targeting therapeutic development suggests that the formation of plaques and tangles may be symptomatic and not describe the etiology of the disease3,4. Here, we use an integrative, multi-omics approach and systems-level analysis in hiPSC-derived neurons to generate a mechanistic disease model for EOFAD. Using patient-specific cells from donors harboring mutations in PSEN1 differentiated into neurons, we characterize the disease-related gene expression and chromatin accessibility changes by RNA- Seq, ATAC-Seq, and histone methylation ChIP-Seq. We show that the defining disease-causing mechanism of EOFAD is dedifferentiation, primarily through the REST-mediated repression of neuronal lineage specification gene programs and the activation of non-specific germ layer precursor gene programs concomitant with modifications in chromatin accessibility. These gene signature profiles and changes in chromatin topology illustrate that EOFAD neurons traverse the chromatin landscape from an ectodermal origin to a mixed germ lineage state. Further, a reanalysis of existing transcriptomic data from PSEN1 patient brain samples demonstrates that the mechanisms identified in our experimental system recapitulate EOFAD in the human brain. Our results comprise a disease model which describes the mechanisms culminating in dedifferentiation that precede amyloid and tau pathology formation and engender neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroth, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanzi, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galasko, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/531202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dedifferentiation orchestrated through remodeling of the chromatin landscape defines PSEN1 mutation-induced Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Non-Photochemical Quenching in response to local seasonal climates in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Field-grown plants have variable exposure to sunlight as a result of shifting cloud-cover, seasonal changes, canopy shading, and other environmental factors. As a result, they need to have developed a method for dissipating excess energy obtained from periodic excessive sunlight exposure. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) dissipates excess energy as heat, however the physical and molecular genetic mechanics of NPQ variation are not understood. In this study, we investigated the genetic loci involved in NPQ by first growing different Arabidopsis thaliana accessions in local and seasonal climate conditions, then measured their NPQ kinetics through development by chlorophyll fluorescence. We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify 15 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) for a range of photosynthetic traits, including a QTL co-located with known NPQ gene PSBS (AT1G44575). We found there were large alternative regulatory segments between the PSBS promoter regions of the functional haplotypes and a significant difference in PsbS protein concentration. These findings parallel studies in rice showing recurrent regulatory evolution of this gene. The variation in the PSBS promoter and the changes underlying other QTLs could give insight to allow manipulations of NPQ in crops to improve their photosynthetic efficiency and yield.

B.P. & J.B. conceived the project; B.P., J.B., P.W. and T.R. designed the research plan and analysis; P.W. supervised the experiments; T.R. performed most of the experiments and analysis; P.G., T.S., A.A. & E.A. designed and undertook experimental design, experiments and analysis for Figure 4; R.C. did the GWAS analysis; P.W., T.R. & A.A. wrote the article with contributions of all the authors.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=158 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/539379v1_fig4.gif" ALT="Figure 4">
View larger version (57K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12ba2f9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d88c15org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d4f21eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16396aa_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 4:C_FLOATNO (A-D) Coverage tracks of the PSBS genomic regions from five low NPQ (A and B) and five high NPQ (C and D) Arabidopsis accessions aligned with the TAIR 10 Col-0 reference genome (low NPQ accession; A and C) and KBS-Mac-74 genome (high NPQ accession; B and D). Values along x-axes indicate the base pair distance relative to the PSBS transcription start site. Genes along the track are coloured green and the intergenic region is coloured pink. (E) Graphical view of the alignment of the TAIR 10 Col-0 and the KBS-Mac-74 PSBS genomic regions. Axis values refer to base pair positions within the respective tracks. (F) Comparison of the average relative PsbS protein abundance between low and high NPQ accessions. Error bars represent standard deviations. N=30; *** P < 0.001 with paired Students T test.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rungrat, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almonte, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollan, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aro, E.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borevitz, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/539379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Genome-Wide Association Study of Non-Photochemical Quenching in response to local seasonal climates in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Neoantigen Discovery Approach based on Chromatin High Order Conformation: Mapping the Neoantigen to 3D Genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/539387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The high-throughput sequencing technology has yielded reliable and ultra-fast sequencing for DNA and RNA. For tumor cells of cancer patients, when combining the results of DNA and RNA sequencing, one can identify potential neoantigens that stimulate immune response of the T cells. However, when the somatic mutations are abundant, it is computationally challenging to efficiently prioritize the identified neoantigen candidates according to their ability of activating the T cell immuno-response. Numerous prioritization or prediction approaches have been proposed to address this issue but none of them considers the original DNA loci of the neoantigens from the perspective of 3D genome. Here we retrospect the DNA origins of the immune-positive and non-negative neoantigens in the context of 3D genome and discovered that 1) DNA loci of the immuno-positive neoantigens tend to cluster genome-wise. 2) DNA loci of the immuno-positive neoantigens tend to belong to active chromosomal compartment (compartment A) in some chromosomes. 3). DNA loci of the immuno-positive neoantigens tend to locate at specific regions in the 3D genome. We believe that the 3D genome information will help more precise neoantigen prioritization and discovery and eventually benefit precision and personalized medicine in cancer immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.-g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/539387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Neoantigen Discovery Approach based on Chromatin High Order Conformation: Mapping the Neoantigen to 3D Genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/540245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reproducible Risk Loci and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Anxiety: Results from ~200,000 Million Veteran Program Participants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/540245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We used GWAS in the Million Veteran Program sample (nearly 200,000 informative individuals) using a continuous trait for anxiety (GAD-2) to identify 5 genome-wide significant (GWS) signals for European Americans (EA) and 1 for African Americans. The strongest findings were on chromosome 3 (rs4603973, p=7.40x10-11) near the SATB1 locus, a global regulator of gene expression and on chromosome 6 (rs6557168, p=1.04x10-9) near ESR1 which encodes estrogen receptor . A locus identified on chromosome 7 near MADIL1 (p=1.62x10-8) has been previously identified in GWAS of bipolar disorder and of schizophrenia and may represent a risk factor for psychiatric disorders broadly. SNP-based heritability was estimated to be ~6% for GAD-2. We also GWASed for self-reported anxiety disorder diagnoses (N=224,330) and identified two GWS loci, one (rs35546597, MAF=0.42, p=1.88x10-8) near the AURKB locus, and the other (rsl0534613, MAF=0.41, p=4.92x10-8) near the IQCHE and MADIL1 locus identified in the GAD-2 analysis. We demonstrate reproducibility by replicating our top findings in the summary statistics from the Anxiety NeuroGenetics Study (ANGST) and a UK Biobank neuroticism GWAS. We also replicated top findings from a large UK Biobank preprint, demonstrating stability of GWAS findings in complex traits once sufficient power is attained. Finally, we found evidence of significant genetic overlap between anxiety and major depression using polygenic risk scores, but also found that the main anxiety signals are independent of those for MDD. This work presents novel insights into the neurobiological risk underpinning anxiety and related psychiatric disorders.

SignificanceAnxiety disorders are common and often disabling. They are also frequently co-morbid with other mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD); these disorders may share commonalities in their underlying genetic architecture. Using one of the largest homogenously phenotyped cohorts available, the Million Veteran Program sample, we investigated common variants associated with anxiety in genome-wide association studies (GWASes), using survey results from the GAD-2 anxiety scale (as a continuous trait, n=199,611), and self-reported anxiety disorder diagnosis (as a binary trait, n=224,330). This largest GWAS to date for anxiety and related traits identified numerous novel significant associations, several of which are replicated in other datasets, and allows inference of underlying biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polimanti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concato, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Million Veteran Program,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/540245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reproducible Risk Loci and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Anxiety: Results from ~200,000 Million Veteran Program Participants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/540732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oligogenic effects of 16p11.2 copy number variation on craniofacial development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/540732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A copy number variant (CNV) of 16p11.2, which encompasses 30 genes, is associated with developmental and psychiatric disorders, head size and body mass. The genetic mechanisms that underlie these associations are not understood. To elucidate the effects of genes on development, we exploited the quantitative effects of CNV on craniofacial structure in humans and model organisms. We show that reciprocal deletion and duplication of 16p11.2 have characteristic "mirror" effects on craniofacial features that are conserved in human, rat and mouse. By testing gene dosage effects on the shape of the mandible in zebrafish, we show that the distribution of effects for all individual genes is consistent with that of the CNV, and some combinations have non-additive effects. Our results suggest that, at minimum, one third of genes within the 16p11.2 region influence craniofacial development, and the facial gestalt of each CNV represents a product of 30 dosage effects.

HighlightsO_LIReciprocal CNVs of 16p11.2 have mirror effects on craniofacial structure. Copy number is associated with a positive effect on nasal and mandibular regions and a negative effect on frontal regions of the face.
C_LIO_LIEffects of CNV on craniofacial development in human are well conserved in rat and mouse models of 16p11.2 deletion and duplication.
C_LIO_LI7/30 genes each independently have significant effects on the shape of the mandible in zebrafish; these include SPN, C16orf54, SEZ6L2, ASPHD1, TAOK2, INO80E and FAM57B. Others (MAPK3, MVP, KCTD13) have detectable effects only in combination.
C_LIO_LIOverexpression of 30 genes individually showed a distribution of effects that was skewed in the same direction as that of the full duplication, suggesting that specific facial features represent the net of all individual effects combined.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbogast, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin Lorenzo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanta, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timothy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herault, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katasanis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/540732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oligogenic effects of 16p11.2 copy number variation on craniofacial development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand dependent gene regulation by transient ER  clustered enhancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unliganded nuclear receptors have been implicated in ligand-dependent gene regulation. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that unliganded ER binds to specific sites in the genome thereby pre-marking them as future functional enhancers. Upon ligand exposure, ER binds to several EREs relatively proximal to the pre-marked, or persistent, ER-bound sites. Interestingly, the persistent sites interact extensively, via chromatin looping, with the proximal transiently bound sites forming ER clustered enhancers in 3D. CRISPR-based deletion of TFF1 persistent site disrupts the formation of its clustered enhancer resulting in the loss of E2-dependent induced expression of TFF1 and its neighboring genes within the same cluster. The clustered enhancers overlap with nuclear ER puncta that coalesce in a ligand-dependent manner. Furthermore, formation of clustered enhancers, as well as puncta, coincide with the active phase of signaling and their later disappearance results in the loss of gene expression even though persistent sites remain bound by ER. Our results establish the role of persistent unliganded ER binding in priming enhancer clusters in 3D that drive transient, but robust, gene expression in a ligand-dependent fashion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saravanan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soota, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayani, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farooq, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walavalkar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gayen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannenhalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/541540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand dependent gene regulation by transient ER  clustered enhancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/546481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GPCRs show widespread differential mRNA expression and frequent mutation and copy number variation in solid tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/546481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most widely targeted gene family for FDA-approved drugs. To assess possible roles for GPCRs in cancer, we analyzed Cancer Genome Atlas data for mRNA expression, mutations, and copy number variation (CNV) in 20 categories/45 sub-types of solid tumors and quantified differential expression of GPCRs by comparing tumors against normal tissue from the GTEx database. GPCRs are over-represented among coding genes with elevated expression in solid tumors; most tumor types differentially express >50 GPCRs, including many targets for approved drugs, hitherto largely unrecognized as targets of interest in cancer. GPCR mRNA signatures characterize specific tumor types, indicate survival and correlate with expression of cancer-related pathways. Tumor GPCR mRNA signatures have prognostic relevance for survival and correlate with expression of numerous cancer-related genes and pathways. GPCR expression in tumors is largely independent of staging/grading/metastasis/driver mutations and GPCRs expressed in cancer cell lines parallels that measured in tumors. Certain GPCRs are frequently mutated and appear to be hotspots, serving as bellwethers of accumulated genomic damage. CNV of GPCRs while common, does not generally correlate with mRNA expression. We suggest a previously under-appreciated role for GPCRs in cancer, perhaps as functional oncogenes, biomarkers, surface antigens and pharmacological targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sriram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corriden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Insel, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/546481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GPCRs show widespread differential mRNA expression and frequent mutation and copy number variation in solid tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct Visualization of Live Zebrafish Glycan via Single-step Metabolic Labeling with Fluorophore-tagged Nucleotide Sugars 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/548016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic turnover of cell-surface glycans is involved in a myriad of biological events, making this process an attractive target for in vivo molecular imaging. The metabolic glycan labeling coupled with  bioorthogonal chemistry has paved the way for visulizing glycans in living organisms. However, a two-step labeling sequence is required, which is prone to tissue penetration difficulties of the imaging probes. Here, by exploring the substrate promiscuity of endogenous glycosyltransferases, we developed a single-step fluorescent glycan labeling strategy by using fluorophore-tagged analogs of nucleotide sugars directly. Injecting the fluorophore-tagged sialic acid and fucose into the yolk of zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage enables a systematic imaging of sialylation and fucosylation in live zebrafish embryos at various developmental stages. From these studies, we obtained insights into the role of sialylated and fucosylated glycans in zebrafish hematopoiesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahai-Hernandez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/548016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct Visualization of Live Zebrafish Glycan via Single-step Metabolic Labeling with Fluorophore-tagged Nucleotide Sugars]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/551978v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high-resolution, chromosome-assigned Komodo dragon genome reveals adaptations in the cardiovascular, muscular, and chemosensory systems of monitor lizards 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/551978v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monitor lizards are unique among ectothermic reptiles in that they have a high aerobic capacity and distinctive cardiovascular physiology which resembles that of endothermic mammals. We have sequenced the genome of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), the largest extant monitor lizard, and present a high resolution de novo chromosome-assigned genome assembly for V. komodoensis, generated with a hybrid approach of long-range sequencing and single molecule physical mapping. Comparing the genome of V. komodoensis with those of related species showed evidence of positive selection in pathways related to muscle energy metabolism, cardiovascular homeostasis, and thrombosis. We also found species-specific expansions of a chemoreceptor gene family related to pheromone and kairomone sensing in V. komodoensis and several other lizard lineages. Together, these evolutionary signatures of adaptation reveal genetic underpinnings of the unique Komodo sensory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, and suggest that selective pressure altered thrombosis genes to help Komodo dragons evade the anticoagulant effects of their own saliva. As the only sequenced monitor lizard genome, the Komodo dragon genome is an important resource for understanding the biology of this lineage and of reptiles worldwide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lind, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y. Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostovoy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holloway, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iannucci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fondi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orlandini, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckalbar, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovatsos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kichigin, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makunin, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trifonov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schijlen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratochvil, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessop, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patarnello, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendelson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciofi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, P.-Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/551978</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high-resolution, chromosome-assigned Komodo dragon genome reveals adaptations in the cardiovascular, muscular, and chemosensory systems of monitor lizards]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
rSeqTU -- a machine-learning based R package for prediction of bacterial transcription units 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A transcription unit (TU) is composed of one or multiple adjacent genes on the same strand that are co-transcribed in mostly prokaryotes. Accurate identification of TUs is a crucial first step to delineate the transcriptional regulatory networks and elucidate the dynamic regulatory mechanisms encoded in various prokaryotic genomes. Many genomic features, e.g., gene intergenic distance, and transcriptomic features including continuous and stable RNA-seq reads count signals, have been collected from a large amount of experimental data and integrated into classification techniques to computationally predict genome-wide TUs. Although some tools and web servers are able to predict TUs based on bacterial RNA-seq data and genome sequences, there is a need to have an improved machine-learning prediction approach and a better comprehensive pipeline handling QC, TU prediction, and TU visualization. To enable users to efficiently perform TU identification on their local computers or high-performance clusters and provide a more accurate prediction, we develop an R package, named rSeqTU. rSeqTU uses a random forest algorithm to select essential features describing TUs and then uses support vector machine (SVM) to build TU prediction models. rSeqTU (available at https://s18692001.github.io/rSeqTU/) has six computational functionalities including read quality control, read mapping, training set generation, random-forest-based feature selection, TU prediction, and TU visualization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[rSeqTU -- a machine-learning based R package for prediction of bacterial transcription units]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic basis of brain-like electrical signalling in bacterial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Information processing in the mammalian brain relies on a careful regulation of the mem-brane potential dynamics of its constituent neurons, which propagates across the neuronal tissue via electrical signalling. We recently reported the existence of electrical signalling in a much simpler organism, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. In dense bacterial communi-ties known as biofilms, nutrient-deprived B. subtilis cells in the interior of the colony use electrical communication to transmit stress signals to the periphery, which interfere with the growth of peripheral cells and reduce nutrient consumption, thereby relieving stress from the interior. Here we explicitly address the interplay between metabolism and elec-trophysiology in bacterial biofilms, by introducing a spatially-extended mathematical model that combines the metabolic and electrical components of the phenomenon in a discretised reaction-diffusion scheme. The model is experimentally validated by environmental and ge-netic perturbations, and confirms that metabolic stress is transmitted through the bacterial population via a potassium wave. Interestingly, this behaviour is reminiscent of cortical spreading depression in the brain, characterised by a wave of electrical activity mediated by potassium diffusion that has been linked to various neurological disorders, calling for future studies on the evolutionary link between the two phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Corral, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prindle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suel, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Ojalvo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic basis of brain-like electrical signalling in bacterial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Future sea-level rise drives rocky intertidal habitat loss and benthic community change 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/553933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rocky intertidal ecosystems may be particularly susceptible to sea-level rise impacts but few studies have explored community scale response to future sea-level scenarios. Combining remote-sensing with large-area imaging, we quantify habitat extent and describe biological community structure at two rocky intertidal study locations in California. We then estimate changes in habitat area and community composition under a range of sea-level rise scenarios using a model-based approach. Our results suggest that future sea-level rise will significantly reduce rocky intertidal area at our study locations, leading to an overall decrease in benthic habitat and a reduction in overall invertebrate abundances, but increased densities of certain taxa. These results suggest that sea-level rise may fundamentally alter the structure and function of rocky intertidal systems. As large scale environmental changes such as sea-level rise accelerate in the next century, more extensive spatially-explicit monitoring at ecologically relevant scales will be needed to visualize and quantify the impacts to biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaplanis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eynaud, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/553933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Future sea-level rise drives rocky intertidal habitat loss and benthic community change]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/558957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-dependent maturation of prefrontal gamma oscillations sculpts cognitive performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/558957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disturbed neuronal activity in neuropsychiatric pathologies emerges during development and might cause multifold neuronal dysfunction by interfering with apoptosis, dendritic growth and synapse formation. However, how altered electrical activity early in life impacts neuronal function and behavior of adults is unknown. Here, we address this question by transiently increasing the coordinated activity of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of neonatal mice and monitoring long-term functional and behavioral consequences. We show that increased activity during early development causes premature maturation of pyramidal neurons and alters interneuron density. Consequently, reduced inhibitory feedback by fast-spiking interneurons and excitation/inhibition imbalance in prefrontal circuits of young adults result in weaker evoked synchronization in gamma frequency. These structural and functional changes ultimately lead to poorer mnemonic and social abilities. Thus, prefrontal activity during early development actively controls the cognitive performance of adults and might be critical for cognitive symptoms of neuropsychiatric diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bitzenhofer, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poepplau, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquardt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanganu-Opatz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/558957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-dependent maturation of prefrontal gamma oscillations sculpts cognitive performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Avant-garde assembly-line biosynthesis expands diversity of cyclic lipodepsipeptide products 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/560987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymatic assembly lines are large and dynamic protein machines that generally undergo a linear progression of catalytic cycles via a series of enzymatic domains organized into independent modules. Here we report the heterologous reconstitution and comprehensive characterization of two hybrid NRPS-PKS assembly lines that defy many standard rules of assembly-line biosynthesis to generate a large combinatorial library of cyclic lipodepsipeptide protease inhibitors called thalassospiramides. We generate a series of precise domain-inactivating mutations in thalassospiramide assembly lines and present compelling evidence for an unprecedented biosynthetic model that invokes inter-module substrate activation and tailoring, module skipping, and pass-back chain extension, whereby the ability to pass the growing chain back to a preceding module is flexible and substrate-driven. Expanding bidirectional inter-module domain interactions could represent a viable mechanism for generating chemical diversity without increasing the size of biosynthetic assembly lines and raises new questions regarding our understanding of the structural features of multi-modular megaenzymes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/560987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Avant-garde assembly-line biosynthesis expands diversity of cyclic lipodepsipeptide products]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/563213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoperiod-induced neurotransmitter plasticity declines with aging: an epigenetic regulation? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/563213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroplasticity has classically been understood to arise through changes in synaptic strength or synaptic connectivity. A newly discovered form of neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter switching, involves changes in neurotransmitter identity. Chronic exposure to different photoperiods alters the number of dopamine (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH+) and somatostatin (SST+) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PaVN) of the hypothalamus of adult rats and results in discrete behavioral changes. Here we investigate whether photoperiod-induced neurotransmitter switching persists during aging and whether epigenetic mechanisms of histone acetylation and DNA methylation may contribute to this neurotransmitter plasticity. We show that this plasticity is robust at 1 and at 3 months but reduced in TH+ neurons at 12 months and completely abolished in both TH+ and SST+ neurons by 18 months. De novo methylation and histone 3 acetylation were observed following short-day photoperiod exposure in both TH+ and SST+ neurons at 1 and 3 months while an overall increase in methylation of SST+ neurons paralleled neuroplasticity reduction at 12 and 18 months. Histone acetylation increased in TH+ neurons and decreased in SST+ neurons following short-day exposure at 3 months while the total number of acetylated PaVN neurons remained constant. Reciprocal histone acetylation in TH+ and SST+ neurons suggests the importance of studying epigenetic regulation at the circuit level for identified cell phenotypes. The association of age-dependent reduction in neurotransmitter plasticity and changes in DNA methylation and acetylation patterns in two neuronal phenotypes known to switch transmitter identity suggests mechanistic insights into transmitter plasticity in the aging brain.

SIGNIFICANCENeurotransmitter switching, like changes in synaptic strength, formation of new synapses and synapse remodeling, declines with age. This age-dependent reduction in transmitter plasticity is associated with changes in levels of DNA methylase and histone deacetylase that imply epigenetic regulation of transcription. A reciprocal pattern of histone acetylation in a single population of neurons that depends on the transmitter expressed emphasizes the value of studying epigenetic mechanisms at the level of cell phenotypes rather than cell genotypes or whole tissue. The findings may be useful for developing approaches for non-invasive treatment of disorders characterized by neurotransmitter dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romoli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitzer, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulcis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/563213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoperiod-induced neurotransmitter plasticity declines with aging: an epigenetic regulation?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/565465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mouth Function Determines The Shape Oscillation Pattern In Regenerating Hydra Tissue Spheres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/565465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydra is a small freshwater polyp capable of regeneration from small tissue pieces and from aggregates of cells. During regeneration, a hollow bilayered sphere is formed that undergoes osmotically driven shape oscillations of inflation and rupture. These oscillations are necessary for successful regeneration. Eventually, the oscillating sphere breaks rotational symmetry along the future head-foot axis of the animal. Notably, the shape oscillations show an abrupt shift from large amplitude, long period oscillations to small amplitude, short period oscillations. It has been widely accepted that this shift in oscillation pattern is linked to symmetry breaking and axis formation. However, recent work showed that regenerating tissue pieces inherit the parent animals body axis and thus are asymmetric from the beginning. Thus, there is no mechanistic explanation for the observed shift in oscillation pattern and no clear understanding of its significance for Hydra regeneration. Using in vivo manipulation and imaging, we quantified the shape oscillation dynamics and dissected the timing and triggers of the pattern shift. Our experiments demonstrate that the shift in the shape oscillation pattern in regenerating Hydra tissue pieces is caused by the formation of a functional mouth, thereby linking morphological readouts to physiologically relevant events during regeneration. This study shows the power of using modern experimental techniques to revisit old questions in pattern formation and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khazoyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabry, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamond, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, E.-M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/565465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mouth Function Determines The Shape Oscillation Pattern In Regenerating Hydra Tissue Spheres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/565721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic decoding of neuronal depolarization by stimulus-specific NPAS4 heterodimers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/565721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
WITHDRAWAL STATEMENTThis manuscript has been withdrawn after a formal request from The Office of Research Integrity of the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, with the support of the corresponding author, Brenda Bloodgood. More information can be found at https://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-brigidi-gian-stefano.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brigidi, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartzell, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Texari, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloodgood, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/565721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic decoding of neuronal depolarization by stimulus-specific NPAS4 heterodimers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/567354v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Value-driven attentional capture enhances distractor representations in early visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/567354v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When a behaviorally relevant stimulus has been previously associated with reward, behavioral responses are faster and more accurate compared to equally relevant but less valuable stimuli. Conversely, task irrelevant stimuli that were previously associated with a high reward can capture attention and distract processing away from relevant stimuli (e.g. the chocolate bar in the pantry when you are looking for a nice healthy apple). While increasing the value of task-relevant stimuli systematically up-regulates neural responses in early visual cortex to facilitate information processing, it is not clear if the value of task-irrelevant distractors influences behavior via competition in early visual cortex or via competition at later stages of decision-making and response selection. Here, we measured fMRI in human visual cortex while subjects performed a value-based learning task, and applied a multivariate inverted encoding model to assess the fidelity of distractor representations in early visual cortex. We found that the fidelity of neural representations related to task-irrelevant distractors increased when the distractors were previously associated with a high reward. Moreover, this value-based modulation of distractor representations only occurred when the distractors were previously selected as targets on preceding trials. Together, these findings suggest that value-driven attentional capture begins with sensory modulations of distractor representations in early areas of visual cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Itthipuripat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprague, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/567354</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Value-driven attentional capture enhances distractor representations in early visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bone marrow transplantation rescues monocyte recruitment defect and improves cystic fibrosis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One Sentence SummaryIn this study, we demonstrate that correcting the monocyte adhesion defect in CFTR{Delta}F508 mice (CF mice) by bone marrow transplantation significantly improved survival and reduced inflammation.nnAbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited life-threatening disease accompanied by repeated lung infections and multi-organ inflammation that affects tens of thousands of people worldwide. The causative gene, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is mutated in CF patients. Monocytes from CF patients show a deficiency in integrin activation and adhesion. Since monocytes play critical roles in controlling infections, defective monocyte function may contribute to CF progression. In this study, we demonstrate that monocytes from CFTR{Delta}F508 mice (CF mice) show defective adhesion under flow. Transplanting CF mice with wild-type bone marrow after sublethal irradiation replaced most (60-80%) CF monocytes with wild-type monocytes, significantly improved survival, and reduced inflammation. Wild-type/CF mixed bone marrow chimeras directly demonstrated defective CF monocyte recruitment to the bronchoalveolar lavage and the intestinal lamina propria in vivo. Our findings show that providing wild-type monocytes by bone marrow transfer rescues gastrointestinal (GI) mortality in CF mice, suggesting that wild-type bone marrow stem cells might mitigate CF inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehinger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikulski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcovecchio, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedrick, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/570135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bone marrow transplantation rescues monocyte recruitment defect and improves cystic fibrosis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fear Learning Induces Long-Lasting Changes in Gene Expression and Pathway Specific Presynaptic Growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/571331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stabilization or consolidation of long-term memories lasting more than a few hours requires new gene expression. While neural activity has been shown to induce expression of a variety of genes within several hours of learning, whether this leads to persistent changes in gene expression that lasts for days or weeks remains unclear. We developed a novel mouse line which expresses Cre recombinase in an inducible manner and used it to examine gene expression in learning-activated neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) one month following contextual fear conditioning. The mPFC is not required for the initial retrieval of contextual memory but becomes necessary after one month, suggesting a slowly developing plasticity. We found a variety of changes in gene expression in learning-activated neural ensembles that were specific to the mPFC. One group of transcriptional changes observed was the coordinated upregulation of presynaptic proteins suggesting a potential learning-induced elaboration of presynaptic terminals. We tested this idea by labeling the projections of mPFC neurons active during initial learning and found an increase in the number of terminals in neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala at 1 month following training. These results suggest a presynaptic growth mechanism that could account for the enhanced role of the mPFC in fear memory retrieval at long time points after learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dillingham, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieraut, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardozo, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maximov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/571331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fear Learning Induces Long-Lasting Changes in Gene Expression and Pathway Specific Presynaptic Growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/572305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/572305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A detailed understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in plants is essential to provide food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary metabolites found in the Brassicaceae that protect plants from herbivory and pathogen attack. Here we report that in Arabidopsis, aliphatic GLS levels are regulated by the auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA repressors IAA5, IAA6, and IAA19. These proteins act in a transcriptional cascade that maintains expression of GLS levels when plants are exposed to drought conditions. Loss of IAA5/6/19 results in reduced GLS levels and decreased drought tolerance. Further, we show that this phenotype is associated with a defect in stomatal regulation. Application of GLS to the iaa5,6,19 mutants restores stomatal regulation and normal drought tolerance. GLS action is dependent on the receptor kinase GHR1, suggesting that GLS may signal via reactive oxygen species. These results provide a novel connection between auxin signaling, GLS levels and drought response.nnOne Sentence SummaryAux/IAA proteins promote drought tolerance by regulating glucosinolate levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salehin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kliebenstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/572305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Auxin-sensitive Aux/IAA proteins mediate drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by regulating glucosinolate levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered phenotype patterns in microbial populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/575068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid advances in cellular engineering1,2 have positioned synthetic biology to address therapeutic3,4 and industrial5 problems, but a significant obstacle is the myriad of unanticipated cellular responses in heterogeneous environments such as the gut6,7, solid tumors8,9, bioreactors10 or soil11. Complex interactions between the environment and cells often arise through non-uniform nutrient availability, which can generate bidirectional coupling as cells both adjust to and modify their local environment through different growth phenotypes across a colony.12,13 While spatial sensing14 and gene expression patterns15-17 have been explored under homogeneous conditions, the mutual interaction between gene circuits, growth phenotype, and the environment remains a challenge for synthetic biology. Here, we design gene circuits which sense and control spatiotemporal phenotype patterns in a model system of heterogeneous microcolonies containing both growing and dormant bacteria. We implement pattern control by coupling different downstream modules to a tunable sensor module that leverages E. colis stress response and is activated upon growth arrest. One is an actuator module that slows growth and thereby creates an environmental negative feedback via nutrient diffusion. We build a computational model of this system to understand the interplay between gene regulation, population dynamics, and chemical transport, which predicts oscillations in both growth and gene expression. Experimentally, this circuit indeed generates robust cycling between growth and dormancy in the interior of the colony. We also use the stress sensor to drive an inducible gating module that enables selective gene expression in non-dividing cells. The  stress-gated lysis circuit derived from this module radically alters the growth pattern through elimination of the dormant phenotype upon a chemical cue. Our results establish a strategy to leverage and control the presence of distinct microbial growth phenotypes for synthetic biology applications in complex environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bittihn, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didovyk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/575068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered phenotype patterns in microbial populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glioblastomas derived from genetically modified pluripotent stem cells recapitulate pathobiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many current cellular models aimed at elucidating cancer biology do not recapitulate pathobiology including tumor heterogeneity, an inherent feature of cancer that underlies treatment resistance. Here we introduce a new cancer modeling paradigm using genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that capture authentic cancer pathobiology. Orthotopic engraftment of neural progenitor cells derived from hiPSCs that have been genome-edited to contain tumor-associated genetic driver mutations revealed by The Cancer Genome Atlas project for glioblastoma (GBM) result in formation of high-grade gliomas. As observed in GBM patient samples, these models harbor inter-tumor heterogeneity resembling different GBM molecular subtypes, and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Further, re-engraftment of primary tumor neurospheres generates secondary tumors with features characteristic of patient samples and present mutation-dependent patterns of tumor evolution. Thus, these cancer avatar models provide a platform for a comprehensive longitudinal assessment of human tumor development as governed by molecular subtype mutations and lineage-restricted differentiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaim, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markmiller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parisian, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hessenauer, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N.-p. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saberi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyer, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/576009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glioblastomas derived from genetically modified pluripotent stem cells recapitulate pathobiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordinated development of the mouse extrahepatic bile duct: implications for neonatal susceptibility to biliary injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/576256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsThe extrahepatic bile duct is the primary tissue initially affected by the cholangiopathy biliary atresia. Biliary atresia affects neonates exclusively and current animal models suggest that the developing bile duct is uniquely susceptible to damage. In this study, we aimed to define the anatomical and functional differences between the neonatal and adult mouse extrahepatic bile ducts.nnMethodsWe studied mouse passaged cholangiocytes, mouse BALB/c neonatal and adult primary cholangiocytes and isolated extrahepatic bile ducts, and a collagen reporter mouse. Methods included transmission electron microscopy, lectin staining, immunostaining, rhodamine uptake assays, bile acid toxicity assays, and in vitro modeling of the matrix.nnResultsThe cholangiocyte monolayer of the neonatal extrahepatic bile duct was immature, lacking the uniform apical glycocalyx and mature cell-cell junctions typical of adult cholangiocytes. Functional studies showed that the glycocalyx protected against bile acid injury and that neonatal cholangiocyte monolayers were more permeable than adult monolayers. In adult ducts, the submucosal space was filled with collagen I, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and proteoglycans. In contrast, the neonatal submucosa had little collagen I and elastin, although both increased rapidly after birth. In vitro modeling suggested that the composition of the neonatal submucosa relative to the adult submucosa led to increased diffusion of bile. A Col-GFP reporter mouse showed that cells in the neonatal but not adult submucosa were actively producing collagen.nnConclusionWe identified four key differences between the neonatal and adult extrahepatic bile duct. We showed that these features may have functional implications, suggesting the neonatal extrahepatic bile ducts are particularly susceptible to injury and fibrosis.nnLay SummaryBiliary atresia is a disease that affects newborns and is characterized by extrahepatic bile duct injury and obstruction with resulting liver injury. We identify four key differences between the epithelial and submucosal layers of the neonatal and adult extrahepatic bile duct and show that these may render the neonatal duct particularly susceptible to injury.nnHighlightsO_LIThe apical glycocalyx is thin and patchy in neonatal compared to adult cholangiocytesnC_LIO_LINeonatal cholangiocytes have immature cell-cell junctions and increased permeabilitynC_LIO_LIThe neonatal submucosal space has minimal collagen I or elastinnC_LIO_LIThe neonatal submucosal space contains many actively collagen-secreting cellsnC_LInnGraphical abstractnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=95 SRC="FIGDIR/small/576256_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (27K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1685e52org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1086478org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fc3f55org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a20a5f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llewellyn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriegermeier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waisbourd-Zinman, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giwa, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kisseleva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theise, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/576256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordinated development of the mouse extrahepatic bile duct: implications for neonatal susceptibility to biliary injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/579706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simple Framework for Constructing Functional Spiking Recurrent Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/579706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical microcircuits exhibit complex recurrent architectures that possess dynamically rich properties. The neurons that make up these microcircuits communicate mainly via discrete spikes, and it is not clear how spikes give rise to dynamics that can be used to perform computationally challenging tasks. In contrast, continuous models of rate-coding neurons can be trained to perform complex tasks. Here, we present a simple framework to construct biologically realistic spiking recurrent neural networks (RNNs) capable of learning a wide range of tasks. Our framework involves training a continuous-variable rate RNN with important biophysical constraints and transferring the learned dynamics and constraints to a spiking RNN in a one-to-one manner. The proposed framework introduces only one additional parameter to establish the equivalence between rate and spiking RNN models. We also study other model parameters related to the rate and spiking networks to optimize the one-to-one mapping. By establishing a close relationship between rate and spiking models, we demonstrate that spiking RNNs could be constructed to achieve similar performance as their counterpart continuous rate networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/579706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simple Framework for Constructing Functional Spiking Recurrent Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/581124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of Genetically Regulated Gene Expression identifies a trauma type specific PTSD gene, SNRNP35 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/581124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PTSD has significant genetic heritability; however, it is unclear how genetic risk influences tissue-specific gene expression. We used brain and non-brain transcriptomic imputation models to impute genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) in 9,087 PTSD-cases and 23,811 controls and identified thirteen significant GReX-PTSD associations. The results suggest substantial genetic heterogeneity between civilian and military PTSD cohorts. The top study-wide significant PTSD-association was with predicted downregulation of the Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U11/U12 Subunit 35 (SNRNP35) in the BA9 region of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in military cohorts. In peripheral leukocytes from 175 U.S. Marines, the observed PTSD differential gene expression correlated with the predicted blood GReX differences for these individuals, and deployment stress downregulated SNRNP35 expression, primarily in Marines with post-deployment PTSD. SNRNP35 is a subunit of the minor spliceosome complex and SNRNP35 knockdown in cells validated its functional importance in U12-intron splicing. Finally, mimicking acute activation of the endogenous stress axis in mice downregulated PFC Snrnp35 expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huckins, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatzinakos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klengel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva Almeida, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbyn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girdhar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klengel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruderfer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloofman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PTSD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Con,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geyer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maihofer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoller, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yehuda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberzon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacanu, S.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxbaum, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sklar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/581124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of Genetically Regulated Gene Expression identifies a trauma type specific PTSD gene, SNRNP35]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of histological features to predict MUC2 expression in colon cancer tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common form of cancer among Americans. Like normal colon tissue, CRC cells are sustained by a subpopulation of "stem cells" that possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into more specialized cancer cell types. In normal colon tissue, the enterocytes, goblet cells and other epithelial cells in the mucosa region have distinct morphologies that distinguish them from the other cells in the lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa. However, in a tumor, the morphology of the cancer cells varies dramatically. Cancer cells that express genes specific to goblet cells significantly differ in shape and size compared to their normal counterparts. Even though a large number of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections and the corresponding RNA sequencing (RNASeq) data from CRC are available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), prediction of gene expression patterns from tissue histological features has not been attempted yet. In this manuscript, we identified histological features that are strongly associated with MUC2 expression patterns in a tumor. Specifically, we show that large nuclear area is associated with MUC2-high tumors (p < 0.001). This discovery provides insight into cancer biology and tumor histology and demonstrates that it may be possible to predict certain gene expressions from histological features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Periyakoil, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/584292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of histological features to predict MUC2 expression in colon cancer tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linalool acts as a fast and reversible anesthetic in Hydra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/584946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to make transgenic Hydra lines has opened the door for quantitative in vivo studies of Hydra regeneration and physiology. These studies commonly include excision, grafting and transplantation experiments along with high-resolution imaging of live animals, which can be challenging due to the animals response to touch and light stimuli. While various anesthetics have been used in Hydra studies over the years, they tend to be toxic over the course of a few hours or their long-term effects on animal health have not been studied. Here we show that the monoterpenoid linalool is a useful anesthetic for Hydra. Linalool is easy to use, non-toxic, fast acting, and reversible. It has no detectable long-term effects on cell viability or cell proliferation. We demonstrate that the same animal can be immobilized in linalool multiple times at intervals of several hours for repeated imaging over 2-3 days. This uniquely allows for in vivo imaging of dynamic processes such as head regeneration. We further directly compare linalool to currently used anesthetics and show its superior performance. Because linalool, which is frequently utilized in perfumes and cosmetic products, is also non-hazardous to humans, it will be a useful tool for Hydra research in both research and teaching contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanphear, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, E.-M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/584946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linalool acts as a fast and reversible anesthetic in Hydra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3.1A structure of yeast RNA polymerase II elongation complex stalled at a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion solved using streptavidin affinity grids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/585547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite significant advances in all aspects of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), specimen preparation still remains a challenge. During sample preparation, macromolecules interact with the air-water interface, which often leads to detrimental effects such as denaturation or adoption of preferred orientations, ultimately hindering structure determination. Randomly biotinylating the protein of interest and then tethering it to a cryo-EM grid coated with two-dimensional crystals of streptavidin (acting as an affinity surface) can prevent the protein from interacting with the air-water interface. Recently, this approach was successfully used to solve a high-resolution structure of a test sample, a bacterial ribosome. However, the general applicability of this method to samples where interaction with the air-water interface is problematic remains to be determined. Here we report a 3.1[A] structure of a RNA polymerase II elongation complex stalled at a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion (Pol II EC(CPD)) solved using streptavidin grids. Our previous attempt to solve this structure using conventional sample preparation methods resulted in a poor quality cryo-EM map due to Pol II EC(CPD)s adopting a strong preferred orientation. Imaging the same sample on streptavidin grids led to a high-resolution structure with little anisotropy, showing that streptavidin affinity grids could be used as a general strategy to address challenges posed by interaction with the air-water interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiMaio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/585547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3.1A structure of yeast RNA polymerase II elongation complex stalled at a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion solved using streptavidin affinity grids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tamoxifen Suppresses Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tamoxifen is a mixed agonist/antagonist estrogen analogue that is frequently used to induce conditional gene deletion in mice using Cre-loxP mediated gene recombination. Tamoxifen is routinely employed in extremely high-doses relative to typical human doses to induce efficient gene deletion in mice. Although tamoxifen has been widely assumed to have no influence upon {beta}-cells, the acute developmental and functional consequences of high-dose tamoxifen upon glucose homeostasis and adult {beta}-cells are largely unknown. We tested if tamoxifen influences glucose homeostasis in male mice of various genetic backgrounds. We then carried out detailed histomorphometry studies of mouse pancreata. We also performed gene expression studies with islets of tamoxifen-treated mice and controls. Tamoxifen had modest effects upon glucose homeostasis of mixed genetic background (F1 B6129SF1/J) mice, with fasting hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance but without overt effects on fed glucose levels or insulin sensitivity. Tamoxifen inhibited proliferation of {beta}-cells in a dose-dependent manner, with dramatic reductions in {beta}-cell turnover at the highest dose (decreased by 66%). In sharp contrast, tamoxifen did not reduce proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells. {beta}-cell proliferation was unchanged by tamoxifen in 129S2 mice but was reduced in C57Bl6 genetic background mice (decreased by 59%). Gene expression studies revealed suppression of RNA for cyclins D1 and D2 within islets of tamoxifen-treated mice. Tamoxifen has a cytostatic effect on {beta}-cells, independent of changes in glucose homeostasis, in mixed genetic background and also in C57Bl6 mice. Tamoxifen should be used judiciously to inducibly inactivate genes in studies of glucose homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankin, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kushner, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/586602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tamoxifen Suppresses Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NOD1 mediates non-canonical inflammasome processing of interleukin-18 in epithelial cells to Helicobacter pylori infection. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interleukin-1 family members, IL-1{beta} and IL-18, are processed into their biologically active forms by multi-protein complexes, known as inflammasomes. Although the inflammasome pathways that mediate IL-1{beta} processing in myeloid cells have been extensively studied, those involved in IL-18 processing, particularly in non-myeloid cells, are still poorly understood. Here, we have identified the cytosolic sensor NOD1 as a key regulator of IL-18 processing in epithelial cells responding to Helicobacter pylori infection. Importantly, NOD1 processing of IL-18 occurs independently of the canonical inflammasome proteins, NLRP3 and ASC. Instead, NOD1 interacts directly with caspase-1 via homotypic binding of caspase-activation recruitment domains. We show that IL-18 is important in maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting against pre-neoplastic changes due to gastric H. pylori infection. These findings reveal an unanticipated role for NOD1 in a new type of inflammasome that regulates epithelial cell production of bioactive IL-18 with tissue protective functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Costa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wray-McCann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhry, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emery, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Paoli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaparakis-Liaskos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Como, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johanesen, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufer, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgass, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abud, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachbur, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masters, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrero, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/587212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NOD1 mediates non-canonical inflammasome processing of interleukin-18 in epithelial cells to Helicobacter pylori infection.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/588897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nilotinib, an approved leukemia drug, inhibits Smoothened signaling in Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/588897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulation of the seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptor Smoothened (SMO) and other components of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway contributes to the development of cancers including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and medulloblastoma (MB). However, SMO-specific antagonists produced mixed results in clinical trials, marked by limited efficacy and high rate of acquired resistance in tumors. Here we discovered that Nilotinib, an approved inhibitor of several kinases, possesses an anti-Hh activity, at clinically achievable concentrations, due to direct binding to SMO and inhibition of SMO signaling. Nilotinib was more efficacious than the SMO-specific antagonist Vismodegib in inhibiting growth of two Hh-dependent MB cell lines. It also reduced tumor growth in subcutaneous MB mouse xenograft model. These results indicate that in addition to its known activity against several tyrosine-kinase-mediated proliferative pathways, Nilotinib is a direct inhibitor of the Hh pathway. The newly discovered extension of Nilotinibs target profile holds promise for the treatment of Hh-dependent cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chahal, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durden, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abagyan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/588897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nilotinib, an approved leukemia drug, inhibits Smoothened signaling in Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MASST: A Web-based Basic Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Molecules to Search Public Data. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CorrespondenceWe introduce a web-enabled small-molecule mass spectrometry (MS) search engine. To date, no tool can query all the public small-molecule tandem MS data in metabolomics repositories, greatly limiting the utility of these resources in clinical, environmental and natural product applications. Therefore, we introduce a Mass Spectrometry Search Tool (MASST) (https://proteosafe-extensions.ucsd.edu/masst/), that enables the discovery of molecular relationships among accessible public metabolomics and natural product tandem mass spectrometry data (MS/MS).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aceves, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panitchpakdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Ottavio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikora, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elijah, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labarta-Bajo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shalapour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyle, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puckett, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watrous, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouslimani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swafford, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balunas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klassen, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loomba, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/591016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MASST: A Web-based Basic Mass Spectrometry Search Tool for Molecules to Search Public Data.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TreeCluster: clustering biological sequences using phylogenetic trees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clustering homologous sequences based on their similarity is a problem that appears in many bioinformatics applications. The fact that sequences cluster is ultimately the result of their phylogenetic relationships. Despite this observation and the natural ways in which a tree can define clusters, most applications of sequence clustering do not use a phylogenetic tree and instead operate on pairwise sequence distances. Due to advances in large-scale phylogenetic inference, we argue that tree-based clustering is under-utilized. We define a family of optimization problems that, given a (not necessarily ultrametric) tree, return the minimum number of clusters such that all clusters adhere to constraints on their heterogeneity. We study three specific constraints that limit the diameter of each cluster, the sum of its branch lengths, or chains of pairwise distances. These three versions of the problem can be solved in time that increases linearly with the size of the tree, a fact that has been known by computer scientists for two of these three criteria for decades. We implement these algorithms in a tool called TreeCluster, which we test on three applications: OTU picking for microbiome data, HIV transmission clustering, and divide-and-conquer multiple sequence alignment. We show that, by using tree-based distances, TreeCluster generates more internally consistent clusters than alternatives and improves the effectiveness of downstream applications. TreeCluster is available at https://github.com/niemasd/TreeCluster.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balaban, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/591388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TreeCluster: clustering biological sequences using phylogenetic trees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondria supply ATP to the ER through a mechanism antagonized by cytosolic Ca2+ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/591685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) imports ATP and uses energy from ATP hydrolysis for protein folding and trafficking. However, little is known about this vital ATP transport process across the ER membrane. Here, using three commonly used cell lines (CHO, INS1 and HeLa), we report that ATP enters the ER lumen through a cytosolic Ca2+-antagonized mechanism, or CaATiER (Ca2+-Antagonized Transport into ER) mechanism for brevity. Significantly, we observed that a Ca2+ gradient across the ER membrane is necessary for ATP transport into the ER. Therefore Ca2+ signaling in the cytosol is inevitably coupled with ATP supply to the ER. We propose that under physiological conditions, cytosolic Ca2+ inhibits ATP import into the ER lumen to limit ER ATP consumption. Furthermore, the ATP level in the ER is readily depleted by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) inhibitors, and that ER protein misfolding increases ATP trafficking from mitochondria into the ER. These findings suggest that ATP usage in the ER may increase mitochondrial OxPhos while decreasing glycolysis, i.e., an "anti-Warburg" effect.nnSignificance StatementWe report that ATP enters the ER lumen through an AXER-dependent, cytosolic Ca2+-antagonized mechanism, or CaATiER (Ca2+-Antagonized Transport into ER) mechanism. In addition, our findings suggest that ATP usage in the ER may render an "anti-Warburg" effect by increasing ATP regeneration from mitochondrial OxPhos while decreasing the portion of ATP regeneration from glycolysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bischof, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siirin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/591685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondria supply ATP to the ER through a mechanism antagonized by cytosolic Ca2+]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAK activity sustains intrinsic and acquired ovarian cancer resistance to platinum chemotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/594184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene copy number changes, cancer stem cell (CSC) increases, and platinum chemotherapy resistance contribute to poor prognosis in patients with recurrent high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). CSC phenotypes involving Wnt-{beta}-catenin and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, platinum resistance, and tumor initiating frequency are here associated with spontaneous genetic gains, including genes encoding KRAS, MYC and FAK, in a new murine model of ovarian cancer (KMF). Noncanonical FAK signaling was sufficient to sustain human and KMF tumorsphere proliferation, CSC survival, and platinum resistance. Increased FAK tyrosine phosphorylation occurred in HGSOC patient tumors surviving neo-adjuvant platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy and platinum resistant tumorspheres acquired FAK dependence for growth. Importantly, combining a pharmacologic FAK inhibitor with platinum overcame chemoresistance and triggered apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Knockout, rescue, genomic and transcriptomic analyses collectively identified more than 400 genes regulated along a FAK/{beta}-catenin/Myc axis impacting stemness and DNA repair in HGSOC, with 66 genes gained in a majority of Cancer Genome Atlas samples. Together, these results support combinatorial testing of FAK inhibitors for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.nnGraphical SummarynnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=125 SRC="FIGDIR/small/594184_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (52K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@20c737org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f714faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@823560org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7e6219_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Key PointsO_LIHigh grade serous ovarian carcinoma tumors contain PTK2 (FAK) 8q24.3 gains associated with prognostic differences.nC_LIO_LIKMF, a new murine ovarian cancer model with K-Ras, Myc, and FAK gene gains and intrinsic platinum resistance.nC_LIO_LIFAK activation in tumors surviving platinum chemotherapy promotes cancer stem cell survival.nC_LIO_LIFAK facilitates a {beta}-catenin-Myc signaling axis controlling gene expression supporting platinum resistance.nC_LIO_LIFAK activity is essential for KMF tumor growth and is a targetable cellular adaptation of platinum resistance.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz Osterman, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozmadenci, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinschmidt, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrie, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bean, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulzmaier, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tancioni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uryu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordasco, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojalill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolev, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pachter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyorffy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHale, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stupack, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaepfer, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/594184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAK activity sustains intrinsic and acquired ovarian cancer resistance to platinum chemotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomolecular Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained wide adoption in biological and medical imaging due to its exceptional tissue penetration, 3D imaging speed and rich contrast. However, OCT plays a relatively small role in molecular and cellular imaging due to the lack of suitable biomolecular contrast agents. In particular, while the green fluorescent protein has provided revolutionary capabilities to fluorescence microscopy by connecting it to cellular functions such as gene expression, no equivalent reporter gene is currently available for OCT. Here we introduce gas vesicles, a unique class of naturally evolved gas-filled protein nanostructures, as the first genetically encodable OCT contrast agents. The differential refractive index of their gas compartments relative to surrounding aqueous tissue and their nanoscale motion enables gas vesicles to be detected by static and dynamic OCT at picomolar concentrations. Furthermore, the OCT contrast of gas vesicles can be selectively erased in situ with ultrasound, allowing unambiguous assignment of their location. In addition, gas vesicle clustering modulates their temporal signal, enabling the design of dynamic biosensors. We demonstrate the use of gas vesicles as reporter genes in bacterial colonies and as purified contrast agents in vivo in the mouse retina. Our results expand the utility of OCT as a unique photonic modality to image a wider variety of cellular and molecular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, L.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malounda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsbie, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/595157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomolecular Contrast Agents for Optical Coherence Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation of Temperature Sensitive Mutations with Error-Prone PCR in a Gene Encoding a Component of the Spindle Pole Body in Fission Yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/595447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants provide powerful tools, thereby investigating cellular functions of essential genes. We report here a simple procedure to generate ts mutations using error-prone PCR in pcp1 that encodes a spindle pole body (SPB) component in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This manipulation is not restricted to analysis of Pcp1, and can be suited to any essential genes involved in other processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masuda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jourdain, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yukawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/595447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation of Temperature Sensitive Mutations with Error-Prone PCR in a Gene Encoding a Component of the Spindle Pole Body in Fission Yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/599993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying the mechanics of locomotion of the schistosome pathogen with respect to changes in its physical environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/599993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Schistosomiasis is a chronic and morbid disease of poverty affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. Mature schistosome flatworms wander in the hosts hepatic portal and mesenteric venous system where they encounter a range of blood flow conditions and geometrical confinement. However, the mechanisms that support schistosome locomotion and underlie the pathogens adaptation to its physical environment are largely unknown. By combining microfabrication and traction force microscopy, we developed various in vitro assays to quantify the mechanics of locomotion of adult male S. mansoni in different physiologically relevant conditions. We show that in unconfined settings, the parasite undergoes two-anchor marching mediated by the coordinated action of its oral and ventral suckers. This mode of locomotion is maintained when the worm faces an external flow, to which it responds by adjusting the strength of its suckers. In geometrically confined conditions, S. mansoni switches to a different crawling modality by generating retrograde peristaltic waves along its body, a mechanism shared with terrestrial and marine worms. But while the surface of most worms has backward-pointing bristles that rectify peristaltic waves and facilitate forward locomotion, S mansoni has isotropically oriented tubercles. This requires tight coordination between muscle contraction and substrate friction but confers S. mansoni the ability to reverse its direction of locomotion without turning its body, which is likely advantageous to maneuver in narrow bore vessels. We show that the parasite can also coordinate the action of its suckers with its peristaltic body contractions to increase crawling speed. Throughout this study, we report on a number of biomechanical parameters to quantify the motility of adult schistosomes (e.g. sucker grabbing strength, rate of detachment under flow, peristaltic wave properties and traction stresses). The new series of in vitro assays make it possible to quantify key phenotypical aspects of S. mansoni motility that could guide the discovery of new drugs to treat schistosomiasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Criado-Hidalgo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasheras, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/599993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying the mechanics of locomotion of the schistosome pathogen with respect to changes in its physical environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/602037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Theoretical Model of Telomere Length Regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/602037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomere length is maintained by a negative feedback mechanism that inhibits the telomerase activity when the telomere is sufficiently long. A prevailing explanation is that the negative feedback is caused by a mechanism that "counts" the number of regulatory protein molecules that are bound to the telomere. However, how such protein counting is accomplished is not clear. In this paper, I introduce a simple theoretical model to consider how the telomerase inhibition can depend on the telomere length. I show that this model is able to explain some key features of regulation of telomere length. While the real telomeres are more complex, this simple model may capture the essence of the mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ishii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/602037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Theoretical Model of Telomere Length Regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Not just one p: Multivariate GWAS of psychiatric disorders and their cardinal symptoms reveal two dimensions of cross-cutting genetic liabilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding which biological pathways are specific versus general across diagnostic categories and levels of symptom severity is critical to improving nosology and treatment of psychopathology. Here, we combine transdiagnostic and dimensional approaches to genetic discovery for the first time, conducting a novel multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) of eight psychiatric symptoms and disorders broadly related to mood disturbance and psychosis. We identify two transdiagnostic genetic liabilities that distinguish between common forms of mood disturbance (major depressive disorder, bipolar II, and self-reported symptoms of depression, mania, and psychosis) versus rarer forms of serious mental illness (bipolar I, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia). Biological annotation revealed divergent genetic architectures that differentially implicated prenatal neurodevelopment and neuronal function and regulation. These findings inform psychiatric nosology and biological models of psychopathology, as they suggest the severity of mood and psychotic symptoms present in serious mental illness may reflect a difference in kind, rather than merely in degree.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mallard, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlsson Linner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okbay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotzinger, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vlaming, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meddens, S. F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker-Drob, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koellinger, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harden, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/603134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Not just one p: Multivariate GWAS of psychiatric disorders and their cardinal symptoms reveal two dimensions of cross-cutting genetic liabilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BreakCA, a method to discover indels using ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq reads, finds recurrent indels in regulatory regions of neuroblastoma genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most known cancer driver mutations are within protein coding regions of the genome, however, there are several important examples of oncogenic non-coding regulatory mutations. We developed a method to identify insertions and deletions (indels) in regulatory regions using aligned reads from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) or the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq). Our method, which we call BreakCA for Breaks in Chromatin Accessible regions, allows non-coding indels to be discovered in the absence of whole genome sequencing data, out-performs popular variant callers such as the GATK-HaplotypeCaller and VarScan2, and detects known oncogenic regulatory mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. We apply BreakCA to identify indels in H3K27ac ChIP-seq peaks in 23 neuroblastoma cell lines and, after removing common germline variants, we identify 23 rare germline or somatic indels that occur in multiple neuroblastoma cell lines. Among them, 4 indels are candidate oncogenic drivers that are present in 4 or 5 cell lines, absent from the genome aggregation database of over 15,000 whole genome sequences, and within the promoters or first introns of known genes (PHF21A, ADAMTS19, GPR85 and RALGDS). In addition, we observe a rare 7bp germline deletion in two cell lines, which is associated with high expression of the histone demethylase KDM5B. Overexpression of KDM5B is prognostic for many cancers and further characterization of this indel as a potential oncogenic risk factor is therefore warranted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyndale, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erikson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/605642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BreakCA, a method to discover indels using ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq reads, finds recurrent indels in regulatory regions of neuroblastoma genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/612994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
K-FIT: An accelerated kinetic parameterization algorithm using steady-state fluxomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/612994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinetic models predict the metabolic flows by directly linking metabolite concentrations and enzyme levels to reaction fluxes. Robust parameterization of organism-level kinetic models that faithfully reproduce the effect of different genetic or environmental perturbations remains an open challenge due to the intractability of existing algorithms. This paper introduces K-FIT, an accelerated kinetic parameterization workflow that leverages a novel decomposition approach to identify steady-state fluxes in response to genetic perturbations followed by a gradient-based update of kinetic parameters until predictions simultaneously agree with the fluxomic data in all perturbed metabolic networks. The applicability of K-FIT to large-scale models is demonstrated by parameterizing an expanded kinetic model for E. coli (307 reactions and 258 metabolites) using fluxomic data from six mutants. The achieved thousand-fold speed-up afforded by K-FIT over meta-heuristic approaches is transformational enabling follow-up robustness of inference analyses and optimal design of experiments to inform metabolic engineering strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maranas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/612994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[K-FIT: An accelerated kinetic parameterization algorithm using steady-state fluxomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exercise enhances motor skill learning by neurotransmitter switching in the adult midbrain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/613539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physical exercise promotes motor skill learning in normal individuals and those with neurological disorders but its mechanism of action is unclear. We found that one week of voluntary wheel running enhances the acquisition of motor skills in adult mice. One week of running also induces switching from ACh to GABA expression in neurons in the caudal pedunculopontine nucleus (cPPN). The switching neurons make projections to the substantia nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventrolateral-ventromedial nuclei of the thalamus (VL-VM), which regulate acquisition of motor skills. Use of viral vectors to override transmitter switching blocks the beneficial effect of running on motor skill learning. We suggest that neurotransmitter switching provides the basis by which sustained running benefits motor skill learning, presenting a new target for clinical treatment of movement disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.-q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitzer, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/613539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exercise enhances motor skill learning by neurotransmitter switching in the adult midbrain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved method to produce clinical scale natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive anti-cancer immunotherapy has gained intense interest with many clinical trials actively recruiting patients to treat a variety of both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Most of these trials use primary NK cells isolated either from peripheral blood (PB-NK cells) or umbilical cord blood (UCB-NK cells), though these sources require NK cell collection for each patient leading to donor variability and heterogeneity in the NK cell populations. In contrast, NK cells derived human embryonic stem cells (hESC-NK cells) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-NK cells) provide more homogeneous cell populations that can be grown at clinical scale, and genetically engineered if desired. These characteristics make hESC/iPSC-derived NK cells an ideal cell population for developing standardized, "off-the-shelf" immunotherapy products. Additionally, production of NK cells from undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells enables studies to better define pathways that regulate human NK cell development and function. Our group previously established a stromal-free, two-stage culture system to derive NK cells from hESC/hiPSC in vitro followed by clinical-scale expansion of these cells using interleukin-21 expressing artificial antigen-presenting cells. However, prior to differentiation, this method requires single cell adaption of hESCs/hiPSCs which takes months. Recently we optimized this method by adapting the mouse embryonic fibroblast-dependent hESC/hiPSC to feeder-free culture conditions. These feeder-free hESC/hiPSCs are directly used to generate hemato-endothelial precursor cells. This new method produces mature, functional NK cells with higher efficiency to enable rapid production of an essentially unlimited number of homogenous NK cells that can be used for standardized, targeted immunotherapy for the treatment of refractory cancers and infectious diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/614792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved method to produce clinical scale natural killer cells from human pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PD-L1:CD80 Heterodimer Triggers CD28 While Repressing Both PD-1 and CTLA4 Pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combined immunotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 has resulted in superior clinical responses compared to single agent therapy. The underlying mechanisms for this synergy have yet to be elucidated and investigations have largely focused on cellular interactions. Herein, we report a molecular crosstalk in which the PD-1 ligand PD-L1 and the CTLA4 ligand CD80 heterodimerize in cis. This heterodimerization blocks both PD-L1:PD-1 and CD80:CTLA4 interactions, but preserves the ability of CD80 to activate the T cell costimulatory receptor CD28. Remarkably, PD-L1 expression on antigen presenting cells (APCs) protects CD80 from CTLA4 mediated trans-endocytosis, and the therapeutic PD-L1 blockade antibody atezolizumab paradoxically downregulates CD80 on APCs, presumably reducing its co-stimulatory ability. Importantly, this effect can be negated by co-blockade of CTLA4 with ipilimumab. Our study reveals an unexpected immune stimulatory role of cis-acting PD-L1 and a mechanism of anti-PD-L1/anti-CTLA4 crosstalk, providing a therapeutic rationale for combination blockade of PD-L1 and CTLA4.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/615138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PD-L1:CD80 Heterodimer Triggers CD28 While Repressing Both PD-1 and CTLA4 Pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional Monolayer Stress Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/616987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many biological processes involve the collective generation and transmission of mechanical stresses across cell monolayers. In these processes, the monolayer undergoes lateral deformation and bending due to the tangential and normal components of the cell-generated stresses. Monolayer Stress Microscopy (MSM) methods have been developed to measure the intracellular stress distribution in cell monolayers. However, current methods assume plane monolayer geometry and neglect the contribution of bending to the intracellular stresses.nnThis work introduces a three-dimensional (3D) MSM method that calculates monolayer stress from measurements of the 3D traction stresses exerted by the cells on a flexible substrate. The calculation is carried out by imposing equilibrium of forces and moments in the monolayer, subject to external loads given by the 3D traction stresses. The equilibrium equations are solved numerically, and the algorithm is validated for synthetic loads with known analytical solutions.nnWe present 3D-MSM measurements of monolayer stress in micropatterned islands of endothelial cells of different sizes and shapes. These data indicate that intracellular stresses caused by lateral deformation emerge collectively over long distances; they increase with the distance from the island edge until they reach a constant value that is independent of island size. On the other hand, bending-induced intracellular stresses are more concentrated spatially and remain confined to within 1-2 cell lengths of bending sites. The magnitude of these bending stresses is highest at the edges of the cell islands, where they can exceed the intracellular stresses caused by lateral deformations. Our data from non-patterned monolayers suggests that biomechanical perturbations far away from monolayer edges also cause significant localized alterations in bending tension. The localized effect of bending-induced stresses may be important in processes like cellular extravasation, which are accompanied by significant normal deflections of a cell monolayer (i.e. the endothelium), and which require localized changes in monolayer permeability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serrano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasheras, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/616987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional Monolayer Stress Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FIREcaller: an R package for detecting frequently interacting regions from Hi-C data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/619288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C experiments have been widely adopted to study chromatin spatial organization, which plays an essential role in genome function. We have recently identified frequently interacting regions (FIREs) and found that they are closely associated with cell-type-specific gene regulation. However, computational tools for detecting FIREs from Hi-C data are still lacking. In this work, we present FIREcaller, a stand-alone, user-friendly R package for detecting FIREs from Hi-C data. FIREcaller takes raw Hi-C contact matrices as input, performs within-sample and cross-sample normalization, and outputs continuous FIRE scores, dichotomous FIREs, and super-FIREs. Applying FIREcaller to Hi-C data from various human tissues, we demonstrate that FIREs and super-FIREs identified, in a tissue-specific manner, are closely related to gene regulation, are enriched for enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions, tend to overlap with regions exhibiting epigenomic signatures of cis-regulatory roles, and aid the interpretation or GWAS variants. The FIREcaller package is implemented in R and freely available at https://yunliweb.its.unc.edu/FIREcaller.

Highlights- Frequently Interacting Regions (FIREs) can be used to identify tissue and cell-type-specific cis-regulatory regions.
- An R software, FIREcaller, has been developed to identify FIREs and clustered FIREs into super-FIREs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crowley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/619288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FIREcaller: an R package for detecting frequently interacting regions from Hi-C data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new method for inferring timetrees from temporally sampled molecular sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogen timetrees are phylogenies scaled to time. They reveal the temporal history of a pathogen spread through the populations as captured in the evolutionary history of strains. These timetrees are inferred by using molecular sequences of pathogenic strains sampled at different times. That is, temporally sampled sequences enable the inference of sequence divergence times. Here, we present a new approach (RelTime with Dated Tips [RTDT]) to estimating pathogen timetrees based on the relative rate framework underlying the RelTime approach. RTDT does not require many of the priors demanded by Bayesian approaches, and it has light computing requirements. We found RTDT to be accurate on simulated datasets evolved under a variety of branch rates models. Interestingly, we found two non-Bayesian methods (RTDT and Least Squares Dating [LSD]) to perform similar to or better than the Bayesian approaches available in BEAST and MCMCTree programs. RTDT method was found to generally outperform all other methods for phylogenies in with autocorrelated evolutionary rates. In analyses of empirical datasets, RTDT produced dates that were similar to those from Bayesian analyses. Speed and accuracy of the new method, as compared to the alternatives, makes it appealing for analyzing growing datasets of pathogenic strains. Cross-platform MEGA X software, freely available from http://www.megasoftware.net, now contains the new method for use through a friendly graphical user interface and in high-throughput settings.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYPathogen timetrees trace the origins and evolutionary histories of strains in populations, hosts, and outbreaks. The tips of these molecular phylogenies often contain sampling time information because the sequences were generally obtained at different times during the disease outbreaks and propagation. We have developed a new method for inferring timetrees for phylogenies with tip dates, which improves on widely-used Bayesian methods (e.g., BEAST) in computational efficiency and does not require prior specification of population parameters, branch rate model, or clock model. We performed extensive computer simulation and found that RTDT performed better than the other methods for the estimation of divergence times at deep node in phylogenies where evolutionary rates were autocorrelated. The new method is available in the cross-platform MEGA software package that provides a graphical user interface, and allows use via a command line in scripting and high throughput analysis (www.megasoftware.net).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosakovsky Pond, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huuki, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priest, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/620187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new method for inferring timetrees from temporally sampled molecular sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/621367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hairless as a novel component of the Notch signaling pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/621367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)], the transcription factor at the end of the Notch pathway in Drosophila, utilizes the Hairless protein to recruit two co-repressors, Groucho (Gro) and C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP), indirectly. Hairless is present only in the Pancrustacea, raising the question of how Su(H) in other protostomes gains repressive function. We show that Su(H) from a wide array of arthropods, molluscs, and annelids includes motifs that directly bind Gro and CtBP; thus, direct co-repressor recruitment is ancestral in the protostomes. How did Hairless come to replace this ancestral paradigm? Our discovery of a protein (S-CAP) in Myriapods and Chelicerates that contains a motif similar to the Su(H)-binding domain in Hairless has revealed a likely evolutionary connection between Hairless and Metastasis-associated (MTA) protein, a component of the NuRD complex. Sequence comparison and widely conserved microsynteny suggest that S-CAP and Hairless arose from a tandem duplication of an ancestral MTA gene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Movsesyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posakony, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/621367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hairless as a novel component of the Notch signaling pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/622407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation of multinucleated variant endothelial cells with altered mitochondrial function in cultured coronary endothelium under simulated diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/622407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vascular endothelial cells are referred to as small and polygonal mononuclear cells. However, multi-nucleated and large endothelial cells (named as multinucleated variant endothelial cells [MVECs]) have been reported in the aorta, wherein their abundance correlates with atherosclerosis severity. The role of MVECs in coronary endothelium remains obscure. We hypothesized that simulated diabetic conditions increase the number of MVECs and affect their mitochondrial structure/function in cultured coronary endothelium. The in vitro model of diabetes consisted in the treatment of bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAECs) with high-insulin (100 nmol/L, HI) for three days followed by high-glucose (20 mmol/L, HG) and HI for nine additional days. Simulated diabetic conditions increased the abundance of MVECs compared to normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mM). MVECs had a higher nucleic acid content (7.2-Fold), cell diameter (2.2-Fold), and cell area (11.4-Fold) than mononuclear cells. Immunodetection of von-Willebrand factor (endothelial cell marker) in MVECs was positive. The mitochondrial mass was reduced, and mitochondrial membrane potential increased in mononuclear cells cultured in HG+HI compared to mononuclear cells grown in NG. However, the opposite mitochondrial findings were noted in MVECs compared to mononuclear cells. Mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic and gene ontology analysis suggested augmented mitochondrial autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation suppression in cells cultured under HG+HI compared to NG conditions. These findings show that simulated diabetes increases the abundance of MVECs, and that mitochondrial structure and function are differentially affected between MVECs and mononuclear cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delgado De la Herran, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donis Maturano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez Delgado, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villarreal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno Ulloa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/622407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation of multinucleated variant endothelial cells with altered mitochondrial function in cultured coronary endothelium under simulated diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A flexible simulation toolkit for designing and evaluating ChIP-sequencing experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge in evaluating quantitative ChIP-seq analyses, such as peak calling and differential binding, is a lack of reliable ground truth data. We present Tulip, a toolkit for rapidly simulating ChIP-seq data using statistical models of the experimental steps. Tulip may be used for a range of applications, including power analysis for experimental design, benchmarking of analysis tools, and modeling effects of processes such as replication on ChIP-seq signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A flexible simulation toolkit for designing and evaluating ChIP-sequencing experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication in ischemic heart failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/624841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles (EV) mediate intercellular signaling by transferring their cargo to recipient cells. Red blood cell (RBC)-derived EVs constitute a significant proportion of circulating EVs and have been implicated in regulating immune responses. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse model for fluorescent-based mapping of RBC-EV target cells based on the functional transfer of EV-contained Cre-recombinase to target cells. In a murine model of ischemic heart failure, we detect an increase in RBC-EV-targeted cardiomyocytes in the hearts and microglial cells in the brains. Cells targeted by RBC-EVs present an enrichment of genes implicated in cell proliferation and metabolism pathways compared to non-recombined (non-targeted) cells. Cardiomyocytes targeted by RBC-EVs are more likely to demonstrate cellular markers of DNA synthesis and proliferation, suggesting functional significance of EV-mediated signaling. In conclusion, we leverage our mouse model for mapping of RBC-EV targets in murine ischemic heart failure to demonstrate quantitative and qualitative changes in RBC-EV recipients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valkov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvador, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kur, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khamesra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodosthenous, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toxavidis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tigges, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghiran, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/624841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate intercellular communication in ischemic heart failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/625343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Changes in lipid composition and ultrastructure associated with functional maturation of the cuticle during adult maize leaf development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/625343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although extensive prior work has characterized cuticle composition, function, ultrastructure and development in many plant species, much remains to be learned about how these features are interrelated. Moreover, very little is known about the adult maize leaf cuticle in spite of its significance for agronomically important traits in this major crop. We analyzed cuticle composition, ultrastructure, and permeability along the developmental gradient of partially expanded adult maize leaves to probe the relationships between these features. The water barrier property is acquired at the cessation of cell expansion. Wax types and chain lengths accumulate asynchronously along the developmental gradient, while overall wax load does not vary. Cutin begins to accumulate prior to establishment of the water barrier and continues thereafter. Ultrastructurally, pavement cell cuticles consist of an epicuticular layer, a thin cuticle proper that acquires an inner, osmiophilic layer during development, and no cuticular layer. Cuticular waxes of the adult maize leaf are dominated by alkanes and wax esters localized mainly in the epicuticular layer. Establishment of the water barrier coincides with a switch from alkanes to esters as the major wax type, and the emergence of an osmiophilic (likely cutin-rich) layer of the cuticle proper.nnHiglight statementChemical, ultrastructural and functional analysis of cuticle development in partially expanded adult maize leaves revealed important roles for wax esters and an osmiophilic, likely cutin-rich, layer in protection from dehydration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bourgault, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonntag, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charlebois, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/625343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Changes in lipid composition and ultrastructure associated with functional maturation of the cuticle during adult maize leaf development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/629477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential local stability governs the metamorphic fold-switch of bacterial virulence factor RfaH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/629477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A regulatory factor RfaH, present in many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, is required for transcription and translation of long operons encoding virulence determinants. Escherichia coli RfaH action is controlled by a unique large-scale structural rearrangement triggered by recruitment to transcription elongation complexes through a specific DNA sequence within these operons. Upon recruitment, the C-terminal domain of this two-domain protein refolds from an -hairpin, which is bound to the RNA polymerase binding site within the N-terminal domain of RfaH, into an unbound {beta}-barrel that interacts with the ribosome to enable translation. Although structures of the autoinhibited (-hairpin) and active ({beta}-barrel) states and plausible refolding pathways have been reported, how this reversible switch is encoded within RfaH sequence and structure is poorly understood. Here, we combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange measurements by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance with molecular dynamics to evaluate the differential local stability between both RfaH folds. Deuteron incorporation reveals that the tip of the C-terminal hairpin (residues 125-145) is stably folded in the autoinhibited state ([~]20% deuteron incorporation), while the rest of this domain is highly flexible (>40% deuteron incorporation) and its flexibility only decreases in the {beta}-folded state. Computationally-predicted {Delta}Gs agree with these results by displaying similar anisotropic stability within the tip of the -hairpin and on neighboring N-terminal domain residues. Remarkably, the {beta}-folded state shows comparable stability to non-metamorphic homologs. Our findings provide information critical for understanding the metamorphic behavior of RfaH and other chameleon proteins, and for devising targeted strategies to combat bacterial diseases.nnSignificanceInfections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are a worldwide health threat due to rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance. RfaH, a protein essential for virulence in several Gram-negative pathogens, undergoes a large-scale structural rearrangement in which one RfaH domain completely refolds. Refolding transforms RfaH from an inactive state that restricts RfaH recruitment to a few target genes into an active state that binds to, and couples, transcription and translation machineries to elicit dramatic activation of gene expression. However, the molecular basis of this unique conformational change is poorly understood. Here, we combine molecular dynamics and structural biology to unveil the hotspots that differentially stabilize both states of RfaH. Our findings provide novel insights that will guide design of inhibitors blocking RfaH action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galaz-Davison, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knauer, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artsimovitch, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez-Sarmiento, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/629477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential local stability governs the metamorphic fold-switch of bacterial virulence factor RfaH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An epigenetic landscape governs early fate decision in cellular aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/630921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin instability and mitochondrial decline are conserved processes that contribute to cellular aging. Although both processes have been explored individually in the context of their distinct signaling pathways, the mechanism that determines which cell fate arises in isogenic cells is unknown. Here, we show that interactions between the chromatin silencing and mitochondrial pathways lead to an epigenetic landscape with multiple equilibrium states that represent different types of terminal cellular states. Interestingly, the structure of the landscape drives single-cell differentiation towards one of these states during aging, whereby the fate is determined quite early and is insensitive to intracellular noise. Guided by a quantitative model of the aging landscape, we genetically engineer a new "long-lived" equilibrium state that is characterized by a dramatically extended lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paxman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Laughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsimring, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/630921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An epigenetic landscape governs early fate decision in cellular aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/633560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DYRK2 activates heat shock factor 1 promoting resistance to proteotoxic stress and tumour growth in triple-negative breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/633560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To survive aneuploidy-induced proteotoxic stress, cancer cells activate the proteotoxic-stress response pathway, which is controlled by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). This pathway supports cancer initiation, cancer progression and chemoresistance and thus is an attractive target. As developing HSF1 inhibitors is challenging, the identification and targeting of upstream regulators of HSF1 presents a tractable alternative strategy. Here we demonstrate that in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, the dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) phosphorylates HSF1, promoting its nuclear stability and transcriptional activity. Thus, DYRK2 depletion reduces HSF1 activity and sensitises TNBC cells to proteotoxic stress. Importantly, in tumours from TNBC patients, DYRK2 levels positively correlate with active HSF1 and associates with poor prognosis, suggesting that DYRK2 could be promoting TNBC. In agreement with this, DYRK2 depletion reduces tumour growth in a TNBC xenograft model. These findings identify DYRK2 as both, a key modulator of the HSF1 transcriptional program, and a potential therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baillie, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinkova-Kostova, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Vega, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/633560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DYRK2 activates heat shock factor 1 promoting resistance to proteotoxic stress and tumour growth in triple-negative breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/635466v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geometric state-space of protein-induced spontaneous curvature on helicoidal ramps in organelle membranes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/635466v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular membranes display an incredibly diverse range of shapes, both in the plasma membrane and at membrane bound organelles. These morphologies are intricately related to cellular functions, enabling and regulating fundamental membrane processes. However, the biophysical mechanisms at the origin of these complex geometries are not fully understood from the standpoint of membrane-protein coupling. In this work, we focused on a minimal model of helicoidal ramps representative of specialized endoplasmic reticulum compartments. Given a helicoidal membrane geometry, we asked what is the distribution of spontaneous curvature required to maintain this shape at mechanical equilibrium? Based on the Helfrich energy of elastic membranes with spontaneous curvature, we derived the shape equation for minimal surfaces, and applied it to helicoids. We showed the existence of switches in the sign of the spontaneous curvature associated with geometric variations of the membrane structures. Furthermore, for a prescribed gradient of spontaneous curvature along the exterior boundaries, we identified configurations of the helicoidal ramps that are confined between two infinitely large energy barriers. Overall our results suggest possible mechanisms for geometric control of helicoidal ramps in membrane organelles based on curvature-inducing proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chabanon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/635466</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geometric state-space of protein-induced spontaneous curvature on helicoidal ramps in organelle membranes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociation of disease phenotype and allele silencing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/642421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allele-specific RNA silencing has been shown to be an effective therapeutic treatment in a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Studies of allele-specific silencing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to date have focused on mouse models of disease. Here, we investigate two methods of allele-specific silencing, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) silencing, using a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) model of disease. We used cellular micropatterning devices with traction force microscopy and automated video analysis to examine each strategys effects on contractile defects underlying disease. We find that shRNA silencing ameliorates contractile phenotypes of disease, reducing disease-associated increases in cardiomyocyte velocity, force, and power. We find that ASO silencing, while better able to target and knockdown a specific disease-associated allele, showed more modest improvements in contractile phenotypes. We find a dissociation between allelic-specificity and functional improvements between the two tested therapeutic strategies, suggesting a more complex method of allelic control underlying HCM-associated transcripts.nnAuthor summaryAllele-specific silencing, whereby a therapeutic molecule is used to lower the expression of just one of the two copies or alleles of a gene, may be a potential therapeutic strategy in diseases caused by a single mutation. In this paper, we examine two such strategies in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a disease characterized by an overgrowth of the left-ventricular heart muscle as well as contractile dysfunction. We used a human cell model of disease, creating induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes from a patient with HCM caused by a single base pair change in just one allele of the gene MYH7. We used two strategies to silence the disease-associated copy of MYH7, both focused on reducing RNA expression from the mutated allele, as well as state-of-the-art biophysical techniques for measuring contractility. We found that one silencing strategy, which reduced expression of both the disease-associated and the healthy alleles of MYH7, showed great improvements in contractility between treated and untreated cells. Our second strategy, which silenced only the disease-associated copy of MYH7, showed more modest improvements in contractility. This suggests that the disease mechanism underlying this type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be more complex than just presence or absence of the mutated RNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dainis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaleta-Rivera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ribeiro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A. C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burridge, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A. C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/642421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociation of disease phenotype and allele silencing in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644518v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gating Mechanism of β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/644518v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Formation of carbon-carbon bonds via {beta}-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases (KS), are key reactions during de novo fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis. KSs recognize multiple ACPs and choreograph ping-pong mechanisms often in an iterative fashion. Therefore, KSs must limit non-productive protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to achieve high degrees of reaction fidelity. To better understand the stereochemical features governing substrate discrimination during ACP*KS PPIs, we determined x-ray crystal structures complemented by molecular dynamic simulations of E. coli AcpP in complex with the elongating KSs, FabF and FabB. Covalently trapped substrate analogs were used to interrogate critical catalytic events accompanying carbon-carbon bond formation revealing a previously unknown gating mechanism during the binding and delivery of acyl-AcpPs. Two active site loops undergo large conformational excursions during this dynamic gating mechanism and are likely evolutionarily conserved features generally in elongating KSs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mindrebo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartholow, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Clair, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/644518</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gating Mechanism of β-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enabling high-accuracy long-read amplicon sequences using unique molecular identifiers and Nanopore sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput amplicon sequencing of large genomic regions remains challenging for short-read technologies. Here, we report a high-throughput amplicon sequencing approach combining unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) with Oxford Nanopore Technologies or Pacific Biosciences CCS sequencing, yielding high accuracy single-molecule consensus sequences of large genomic regions. Our approach generates amplicon and genomic sequences of >10,000 bp in length with a mean error-rate of 0.0049-0.0006% and chimera rate <0.022%.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karst, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziels, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkegaard, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albertsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enabling high-accuracy long-read amplicon sequences using unique molecular identifiers and Nanopore sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/646505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel Small Molecules Targeting the Intrinsically Disordered Structural Ensemble of α-Synuclein Protect Against Diverse α-Synuclein Mediated Dysfunctions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/646505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The over-expression and aggregation of -synuclein (Syn) are linked to the onset and pathology of Parkinsons disease. Native monomeric Syn exists in an intrinsically disordered ensemble of interconverting conformations, which has made its therapeutic targeting by small molecules highly challenging. Nonetheless, here we successfully target the monomeric structural ensemble of Syn and thereby identify novel drug-like small molecules that impact multiple pathogenic processes. Using a surface plasmon resonance high-throughput screen, in which monomeric Syn is incubated with microchips arrayed with tethered compounds, we identified novel Syn interacting drug-like compounds. Because these small molecules could impact a variety of Syn forms present in the ensemble, we tested representative hits for impact on multiple Syn malfunctions in vitro and in cells including aggregation and perturbation of vesicular dynamics. We thereby identified a compound that inhibits Syn misfolding and is neuroprotective, multiple compounds that restore phagocytosis impaired by Syn overexpression, and a compound blocking cellular transmission of Syn. Our studies demonstrate that drug-like small molecules that interact with native Syn can impact a variety of its pathological processes. Thus, targeting the intrinsically disordered ensemble of Syn offers a unique approach to the development of small molecule research tools and therapeutics for Parkinsons disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toth, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masliah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jobling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertoncini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremades, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballaron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabios, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tambe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rochet, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junker, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwizer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ott, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szoke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christodoulou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yednock, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McConlogue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/646505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel Small Molecules Targeting the Intrinsically Disordered Structural Ensemble of α-Synuclein Protect Against Diverse α-Synuclein Mediated Dysfunctions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nod-like receptors are critical for gut-brain axis signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gut-brain axis signaling is critical for maintaining health and homeostasis. Stressful life events can impact gut-brain signaling, leading to altered mood, cognition and intestinal dysfunction. Here we identify nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (Nod)-like receptors (NLR), Nod1 and Nod2, as novel regulators for gut-brain signaling. NLR are innate immune pattern recognition receptors expressed in the gut and brain, important in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. We found that mice deficient in both Nod1 and Nod2 (NodDKO) demonstrate signs of stress-induced anxiety, cognitive impairment and depression in the context of a hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These deficits were coupled with impairments in the serotonergic pathway in the brain, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduced neural activation. In addition, NodDKO mice had increased GI permeability and altered serotonin signaling in the gut following exposure to acute stress. Administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, abrogated behavioral impairments and restored serotonin signaling. We also identified that intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of Nod1 (VilCre+Nod1f/f), but not Nod2, increased susceptibility to stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment following exposure to stress. Together these data suggest that intestinal epithelial NLR are novel modulators of gut-brain communication and may serve as potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gut-brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pusceddu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barboza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sladek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres Fuentes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldfild, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brust-Mascher, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabasa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebrilla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byndloss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maisonneuve, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumler, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrero, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrett, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reardon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gareau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nod-like receptors are critical for gut-brain axis signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplex secretome engineering enhances recombinant protein production and purity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities generated during biotherapeutic protein production. HCPs can be problematic if they pose a significant metabolic demand, degrade product quality, or contaminate the final product. Here, we present an effort to create a "clean" Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell by disrupting multiple genes to eliminate HCPs. Using a model of CHO cell protein secretion, we predicted the elimination of unnecessary HCPs could have a non-negligible impact on protein production. We analyzed the total HCP content of 6-protein, 11-protein, and 14-protein knockout clones and characterized their growth in shake flasks and bioreactors. These cell lines exhibited a substantial reduction in total HCP content (40%-70%). We also observed higher productivity and improved growth characteristics, in specific clones. With the reduced HCP content, protein A and ion exchange chromatography more efficiently purified a monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced in these cells during a three-step purification process. Thus, substantial improvements can be made in protein titer and purity through large-scale HCP deletion, providing an avenue to increased quality and affordability of high-value biopharmaceuticals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wulff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnsdorf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kildegaard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplex secretome engineering enhances recombinant protein production and purity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
StrainHub: A phylogenetic tool to construct pathogen transmission networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In exploring the epidemiology of infectious diseases, networks have been used to reconstruct contacts among individuals and/or populations. Summarizing networks using pathogen metadata (e.g., host species and place of isolation) and a phylogenetic tree is a nascent, alternative approach. In this paper, we introduce a tool for reconstructing transmission networks in arbitrary space from phylogenetic information and metadata. Our goals are to provide a means of deriving new insights and infection control strategies based on the dynamics of the pathogen lineages derived from networks and centrality metrics. We created a web-based application, called StrainHub, in which a user can input a phylogenetic tree based on genetic or other data along with characters derived from metadata using their preferred tree search method. StrainHub generates a transmission network based on character state changes in meta-data, such as place or source of isolation, mapped on the phylogenetic tree. The user has the option to calculate centrality metrics on the nodes including betweenness, closeness, degree, and a new metric, the source/hub ratio. The outputs include the network with values for metrics on its nodes and the tree with characters reconstructed. All of these results can be exported for further analysis.nnAvailabilityhttps://github.com/abschneider/StrainHub and strainhub.io
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostager, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cioce, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catalyürek, U. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/650283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[StrainHub: A phylogenetic tool to construct pathogen transmission networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/651323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-microbe interactions in the chemosynthetic Riftia pachyptila symbiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/651323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The deep-sea tubeworm Riftia pachyptila lacks a digestive system, but completely relies on bacterial endosymbionts for nutrition. Although the symbiont has been studied in detail on the molecular level, such analyses were unavailable for the animal host, because sequence information was lacking. To identify host-symbiont interaction mechanisms, we therefore sequenced the Riftia transcriptome, which enabled comparative metaproteomic analyses of symbiont-containing versus symbiont-free tissues, both under energy-rich and energy-limited conditions. We demonstrate that metabolic interactions include nutrient allocation from symbiont to host by symbiont digestion, and substrate transfer to the symbiont by abundant host proteins. Our analysis further suggests that Riftia maintains its symbiont by protecting the bacteria from oxidative damage, while also exerting symbiont population control. Eukaryote-like symbiont proteins might facilitate intracellular symbiont persistence. Energy limitation apparently leads to reduced symbiont biomass and increased symbiont digestion. Our study provides unprecedented insights into host-microbe interactions that shape this highly efficient symbiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hinzke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breusing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felbeck, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haesler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievert, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlueter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenstiel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reusch, T. B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/651323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-microbe interactions in the chemosynthetic Riftia pachyptila symbiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying predictors of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and survival through patient-derived models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic innovation for human papilloma virus-related (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is impaired by inadequate biomarkers and preclinical models. This study addressed both limitations using the largest panel of HPV+ HNSCC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and organoids described to date. Whole exome profiles of the PDXs were compared to those of HPV+ human tumors and cell lines, and genetic features of the models were analyzed relative to their growth properties and outcomes of their patients of origin. PDX engraftment enriched for negatively prognostic NOTCH1 mutations while preserving multiple features lost in existing cell lines, including PIK3CA mutations, TRAF3 deletion, and absence of EGFR amplification. Observation of more mutations in faster-growing models facilitated identification of an association between mutational burden and local progression in both HPV+ and HPV-HNSCCs. Reduced E7 and p16INK4A levels found in a PDX from a lethal case led to detection of a similar profile among recurrent HPV+ HNSCCs in two patient cohorts, where low E2F target gene expression downstream of E7 predicted recurrence and mortality. Our findings bridge a critical gap in preclinical models for HPV+ HNSCCs and simultaneously reveal novel applications for mutational burden and E2F target dysregulation in biomarker development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Facompre, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajagopalan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montone, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleber-Netto, F. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinstein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jalaly, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rustgi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickering, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Windle, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimotty, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/652537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying predictors of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and survival through patient-derived models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MolNetEnhancer: enhanced molecular networks by integrating metabolome mining and annotation tools 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolomics has started to embrace computational approaches for chemical interpretation of large data sets. Yet, metabolite annotation remains a key challenge. Recently, molecular networking and MS2LDA emerged as molecular mining tools that find molecular families and substructures in mass spectrometry fragmentation data. Moreover, in silico annotation tools obtain and rank candidate molecules for fragmentation spectra. Ideally, all structural information obtained and inferred from these computational tools could be combined to increase the resulting chemical insight one can obtain from a data set. However, integration is currently hampered as each tool has its own output format and efficient matching of data across these tools is lacking. Here, we introduce MolNetEnhancer, a workflow that combines the outputs from molecular networking, MS2LDA, in silico annotation tools (such as Network Annotation Propagation or DEREPLICATOR) and the automated chemical classification through ClassyFire to provide a more comprehensive chemical overview of metabolomics data whilst at the same time illuminating structural details for each fragmentation spectrum. We present examples from four plant and bacterial case studies and show how MolNetEnhancer enables the chemical annotation, visualization, and discovery of the subtle substructural diversity within molecular families. We conclude that MolNetEnhancer is a useful tool that greatly assists the metabolomics researcher in deciphering the metabolome through combination of multiple independent in silico pipelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wandy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medema, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Hooft, J. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MolNetEnhancer: enhanced molecular networks by integrating metabolome mining and annotation tools]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A many-to-one sensory circuit encodes oxygen levels and drives respiratory behaviour in Danio rerio 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Zebrafish larvae respond to hypoxia by increasing a number of ventilatory behaviors. During development, these animals switch from skin-resident to gill-resident neuroendocrine cells around 7 days post fertilization (d.p.f.) to detect hypoxia and drive adaptive behaviors. Here, we probe the neural pathways that receive inputs from skin-resident neuroendocrine cells and alter pectoral fin movements. We first show that a 5 d.p.f. larva increases its pectoral fin movements and heart activity upon hypoxia exposure. Next, we map the downstream neural circuitry and show that individual vagal sensory neurons receive inputs from multiple oxygen-sensing neuroendocrine cells. We then use calcium imaging to show that neurons in the second, but not third, vagal sensory ganglia show increases in the magnitude of their hypoxia-evoked responses. Finally, we link purinergic signaling between neuroendocrine cells and second vagal sensory neurons to increases in pectoral fin movements. Collectively, we suggest that vagal sensory neurons transform hypoxic stimuli into respiratory behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa-Real, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosales, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DePasquale, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/655084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A many-to-one sensory circuit encodes oxygen levels and drives respiratory behaviour in Danio rerio]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/656009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Protein Kinase A-Regulated Network Encodes Short- and Long-Lived Cellular Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/656009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells can store memories of prior experiences to modulate their responses to subsequent stresses, as seen for the protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated general stress response in yeast, which is required for resistance against future stressful conditions. Using microfluidics and time-lapse microscopy, we quantitatively analyzed how cellular memory of stress adaptation is encoded in single yeast cells. We found that cellular memory is biphasic. Short-lived memory was mediated by trehalose synthase and trehalose metabolism. Long-lived memory was mediated by PKA-regulated stress-responsive transcription factors and cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granules. Strikingly, short- and long-lived memory could be selectively induced by different priming input dynamics. Computational modeling revealed how the PKA-mediated regulatory network could encode previous stimuli into memories with distinct dynamics. This biphasic memory-encoding scheme, analogous to innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals, might represent a general strategy to prepare for future challenges in rapidly changing environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AkhavanAghdam, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/656009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Protein Kinase A-Regulated Network Encodes Short- and Long-Lived Cellular Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli under acid stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/659706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of Escherichia coli to tolerate acid stress is important for its survival and colonization in the human digestive tract. Here, we performed adaptive laboratory evolution of the laboratory strain E. coli K-12 MG1655 at pH 5.5 in glucose minimal medium. By 800 generations, six independent populations under evolution reached 18.0% higher growth rates than their starting strain at pH 5.5, while maintaining comparable growth rates to the starting strain at pH 7. We characterized the evolved strains to find that: (1) whole genome sequencing of isolated clones from each evolved population revealed mutations in rpoC appearing in 5 of 6 sequenced clones; (2) gene expression profiles revealed different strategies to mitigate acid stress, that are related to amino acid metabolism and energy production and conversion. Thus, a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution, genome resequencing, and expression profiling reveals, on a genome-scale, the strategies that E. coli deploys to mitigate acid stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastry, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/659706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli under acid stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/661975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DECODING THE MECHANOCHEMISTRY OF NEURITE PLASTICITY 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/661975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The formation and disruption of synaptic connections during development is a fundamental step in neural circuit formation. Subneuronal structures such as neurites are known to be sensitive to the level of spontaneous neuronal activity but the specifics of how neurotransmitter-induced calcium activity regulates neurite homeostasis are not yet fully understood. In response to stimulation by neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, calcium responses in cells are mediated the Gq/phospholipase C{beta} (PLC{beta})/ phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PI(4, 5)P2) signaling pathway. Here, we show that prolonged Gq stimulation results in the retraction of neurites in PC12 cells and rupture of neuronal synapses by modulating membrane tension. To understand the underlying cause, we dissected the behavior of individual components of the Gq/PLC{beta}/PI(4, 5)P2 pathway during retraction, and correlated these to the retraction of the membrane and cytoskeletal elements impacted by calcium signaling. We developed a mathematical model that combines biochemical signaling with membrane tension and cytoskeletal mechanics, to show how signaling events are coupled to retraction velocity, membrane tension and actin dynamics. The coupling between calcium and neurite retraction is shown to be operative in the C. elegans nervous system. This study uncovers a novel mechanochemical connection between the Gq/PLC{beta}/(PI(4, 5)P2 pathway that couples calcium responses with neural plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pearce, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linthicum, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarlata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/661975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DECODING THE MECHANOCHEMISTRY OF NEURITE PLASTICITY]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/665950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli enables life based on fluorinated amino acids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/665950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organofluorine compounds are toxic to various living beings in different habitats. On the other hand, fluorine incorporation into single proteins via related amino acid analogues has become common practice in protein engineering. Thus, an essential question remains: can fluorinated amino acids generally be used as xeno-nutrients to build up biomass, or do large amounts of fluorine in the cells render them nonviable? To gain information about the effect of long-term exposure of a cellular proteome to fluorinated organic compounds, we constructed an experiment based on bacterial adaptation in artificial fluorinated habitats. We propagated Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the presence of either 4- or 5-fluoroindole as essential precursors for the in situ synthesis of tryptophan (Trp) analogues. We found that full adaptation requires astonishingly few genetic mutations but is accompanied by large rearrangements in regulatory networks, membrane integrity and quality control of protein folding. These findings highlight the cellular mechanisms of the evolutionary adaption process to unnatural amino acids and provide the molecular foundation for novel and innovative bioengineering of microbial strains with potential for biotechnological applications.nnOne Sentence SummaryLaboratory evolution enabled for the first time Escherichia coli to use fluorinated indoles as essential precursors for protein synthesis by introducing few genetic mutations but large rearrangements in regulatory networks, membrane integrity and quality control of protein folding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agostini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schipp, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubyshkin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappsilber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budisa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koksch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/665950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli enables life based on fluorinated amino acids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-uniform distribution of myosin-mediated forces governs red blood cell curvature through tension modulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biconcave disk shape of the mammalian red blood cell (RBC) is unique to the RBC and is vital for its circulatory function. Due to the absence of a transcellular cytoskeleton, RBC shape is determined by the membrane skeleton, a network of actin filaments cross-linked by spectrin and attached to membrane proteins. While the physical properties of a uniformly distributed actin network interacting with the lipid bilayer membrane have been assumed to control RBC shape, recent experiments reveal that RBC biconcave shape also depends on the contractile activity of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) motor proteins. Here, we use the classical Helfrich-Canham model for the RBC membrane to test the role of heterogeneous force distributions along the membrane and mimic the contractile activity of sparsely distributed NMIIA filaments. By incorporating this additional contribution to the Helfrich-Canham energy, we find that the RBC biconcave shape depends on the ratio of forces per unit volume in the dimple and rim regions of the RBC. Experimental measurements of NMIIA densities at the dimple and rim validate our prediction that (a) membrane forces must be non-uniform along the RBC membrane and (b) the force density must be larger in the dimple than the rim to produce the observed membrane curvatures. Furthermore, we predict that RBC membrane tension and the orientation of the applied forces play important roles in regulating this force-shape landscape. Our findings of heterogeneous force distributions on the plasma membrane for RBC shape maintenance may also have implications for shape maintenance in different cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alimohamadi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S. Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Fowler, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/668582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-uniform distribution of myosin-mediated forces governs red blood cell curvature through tension modulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/669812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BTLA and PD-1 employ distinct phosphatases to differentially repress T cell signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/669812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cell-mediated destruction of tumors and virus-infected cells is restricted by co-inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Monoclonal antibodies blocking PD-1 have produced impressive clinical activity against human cancers, but durable response is limited to a minority of patients. Previous results suggest that B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), a co-inhibitory receptor structurally related to PD-1, may contribute to the resistance to PD-1 targeted therapy and co-blockade of BTLA can enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. However, the biochemical mechanism by which BTLA represses T cell activity and to what extent the mechanism differs from that of PD-1 is unknown. Here we examine differences in the ability of BTLA and PD-1 to recruit effector molecules and regulate T cell signaling. We show that PD-1 and BTLA recruit different tyrosine phosphatases to regulate either CD28 or T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-signaling cascades. Our data reveal unexpected disparities between two structurally related immune checkpoints and two phosphatase paralogs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulzele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HUI, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/669812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BTLA and PD-1 employ distinct phosphatases to differentially repress T cell signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/671040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular deconvolution of GTEx tissues powers eQTL studies to discover thousands of novel disease and cell-type associated regulatory variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/671040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) resource has contributed a wealth of novel insights into the regulatory impact of genetic variation on gene expression across human tissues, however thus far has not been utilized to study how variation acts at the resolution of the different cell types composing the tissues. To address this gap, using liver and skin as a proof-of-concept tissues, we show that readily available signature genes based on expression profiles of mouse cell types can be used to deconvolute the cellular composition of human GTEx tissues. We then deconvoluted 6,829 bulk RNA-seq samples corresponding to 28 GTEx tissues and show that we are able to quantify cellular heterogeneity, determining both the different cell types present in each of the tissues and how their proportions vary between samples of the same tissue type. Conducting eQTL analyses for GTEx liver and skin samples using cell type composition estimates as interaction terms, we identified thousands of novel genetic associations that had lower effect sizes and were cell-type-associated. We further show that cell-type-associated eQTLs in skin colocalize with melanoma, malignant neoplasm, and infection signatures, indicating variants that influence gene expression in distinct skin cell types play important roles in skin traits and disease. Overall, our study provides a framework to estimate the relative fractions of different cell types in GTEx tissues using signature genes from mouse cell types and functionally characterize human genetic variation that impacts gene expression in a cell-type-specific manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/671040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular deconvolution of GTEx tissues powers eQTL studies to discover thousands of novel disease and cell-type associated regulatory variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel syngeneic animal model of tobacco-associated oral cancer reveals the activity of in situ anti-CTLA-4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Tobacco use is the main risk factor for HNSCC, and tobacco-associated HNSCCs have poor prognosis and response to available treatments. Recently approved anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors showed limited activity ([&le;]20%) in HNSCC, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic options. For this, mouse models that accurately reflect the complexity of the HNSCC mutational landscape and tumor immune environment are urgently needed. Here, we report the first mouse HNSCC model system that recapitulates the human tobacco-related HNSCC mutanome, in which tumors grow when implanted in the tongue of immunocompetent mice. These HNSCC lesions have similar immune infiltration and response rates to anti-PD-1 ([&le;]20%) immunotherapy as human HNSCCs. Remarkably, we found that >70% of HNSCC lesions respond to intratumoral anti-CTLA-4. This syngeneic HNSCC mouse model provides a platform for the development of novel immunotherapeutic options for HNSCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allevato, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilardi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callejas-Valera, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitale-Cross, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amornphimoltham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcdermott, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharabi, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, E. E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/672527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel syngeneic animal model of tobacco-associated oral cancer reveals the activity of in situ anti-CTLA-4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TWIST1 homo- and heterodimers orchestrate specificity control in embryonic stem cell lineage differentiation and craniofacial development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extensive array of bHLH transcription factors and their combinations as dimers underpin the diversity of molecular function required for cell type specification during embryogenesis. The bHLH factor TWIST1 plays pleiotropic roles during development. However, which combinations of TWIST1 dimers are involved and what impact each dimer imposes on the gene regulation network controlled by TWIST1 remain elusive. In this work, proteomic profiling of human-TWIST1 expressing cell lines and transcriptome analysis of mouse cranial mesenchyme have revealed that TWIST1 homodimer and heterodimers with TCF3, TCF4 and TCF12 E-proteins are the predominant dimer combinations. Dimers formation or their balance are altered by disease-causing mutations in TWIST1 helix domains, which may account for the defective differentiation of the craniofacial mesenchyme observed in patients. Functional analyses of the loss and gain of TWIST1-E-protein dimer activity have revealed previously unappreciated roles in guiding lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells: TWIST1-E-protein heterodimers activate the differentiation of mesoderm and neural crest cells which is accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, while TWIST1 homodimers maintain the stem cells in a progenitor state and block entry to the endoderm lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waardenberg, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demuth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteil, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loebel, D. A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, P. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fossat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/672824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TWIST1 homo- and heterodimers orchestrate specificity control in embryonic stem cell lineage differentiation and craniofacial development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced genome annotation strategy provides novel insights on the phylogeny of Flaviviridae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing and severe public health threat of viruses of the family Flaviviridae, including dengue, hepatitis C, West Nile, yellow fever, and zika, demand a greater understanding of how these viruses evolve, emerge and spread in order to respond. Central to this understanding is an updated phylogeny of the entire family. Unfortunately, most cladograms of Flaviviridae focus on specific lineages, ignore outgroups, and rely on midpoint rooting, hampering their ability to test ingroup monophyly and estimate ingroup relationships. This problem is partly due to the lack of fully annotated genomes of Flaviviridae, which has genera with slightly different gene content, hindering genome analysis without partitioning. To tackle these problems, we developed an annotation pipeline for Flaviviridae that uses a combination of ab initio and homology-based strategies. The pipeline recovered 100% of the genes in reference genomes and annotated over 97% of the expected genes in the remaining non curated sequences. We further demonstrate that the combined analysis of genomes of all genera of Flaviviridae (Flavivirus, Hepacivirus, Pegivirus, and Pestivirus), as made possible by our annotation strategy, enhances the phylogenetic analyses of these viruses for all optimality criteria that we tested (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and posterior probability). The final tree sheds light on the phylogenetic relationship of viruses that are divergent from most Flaviviridae and should be reclassified, especially the soybean cyst nematode virus 5 (SbCNV-5) and the Tamana bat virus. We also corroborate the close phylogenetic relationship of dengue and zika viruses with an unprecedented degree of support.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob Machado, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janies, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/674333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced genome annotation strategy provides novel insights on the phylogeny of Flaviviridae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Class of antiretroviral drugs and anemia risk in the current treatment era 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
OBJECTIVESAnemia is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) and has been associated with certain, often older, antiretroviral medications. Information on current antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anemia is limited. The objectives were to compare associations between anemia incidence or hemoglobin change with core ART classes in the current ART era.nnDESIGNRetrospective cohort study.nnSETTINGU.S.-based prospective clinical cohort of PLWH aged 18 and above receiving care at 8 sites between 1/2010-3/2018.nnPARTICIPANTS16,505 PLWH were included in this study.nnMAIN OUTCOME MEASURESAnemia risk and hemoglobin change were measured for person-time on a protease inhibitor (PI) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), relative to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) reference. We also examined PLWH on multiple core classes. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to measure associations between time-updated ART classes and incident anemia or severe anemia. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine relationships between ART classes and hemoglobin change.nnRESULTSDuring a median of 4.9 years of follow-up, 1,040 developed anemia and 488 developed severe anemia during. Compared to NNRTI use, INSTI-based regimens were associated with an increased risk of anemia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-1.47) and severe anemia (aHR1.55 95%CI 1.11-2.17), and a decrease in hemoglobin level. Time on multiple core classes was also associated with increased anemia risk (aHR 1.30, 95%CI 1.06-1.60) and severe anemia risk (aHR 1.35, 95%CI 0.99-1.85), while no associations were found for PI use.nnCONCLUSIONThese findings suggest INSTI use may increase the risk of anemia. If confirmed, screening for anemia development in users of INSTIs may be beneficial. Further research into underlying mechanisms is warranted.nnStrengths and limitations of this studyO_LIThis study utilized a large and geographically diverse population of PLWH in care across the U.S.nC_LIO_LIThis study leveraged comprehensive clinical data, including information on diagnoses, medication use, laboratory test results, demographic information, and medical history.nC_LIO_LIThis study investigated associations between specific types of ART core regimens and anemia risk.nC_LIO_LIThis observational study is subject to residual confounding.nC_LIO_LIThis study focused on anemia assessed from hemoglobin lab values taken at regular medical care visits without excluding participants with conditions strongly associated with hemoglobin level through non-traditional HIV mechanisms.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harding, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitney, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nance, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crane, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkholder, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eron, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volberding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saag, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitahata, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heckbert, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, J. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/674549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Class of antiretroviral drugs and anemia risk in the current treatment era]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/675942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Symmetry breaking transition towards directional locomotion in Physarum microplasmodia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/675942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
True slime mold Physarum polycephalum has been widely used as a model organism to study flow-driven amoeboid locomotion as well as the dynamics of its complex mechanochemical self-oscillations. The aim of this work is to quantify the mechanical aspects of symmetry breaking and its transition into directional flow-driven amoeboid locomotion in small (<[~] 200 {micro}m) fragments of Physarum polycephalum. To this end, we combined measurements of traction stresses, fragment morphology, and ectoplasmic microrheology with experimental manipulations of cell-substrate adhesion, cortical strength and microplasmodium size. These measurements show that initiation of locomotion is accompanied by the symmetry breaking of traction stresses and the polarization of ectoplasmic mechanical properties, with the rear part of the microplasmodium becoming significantly stiffer after the onset of locomotion. Our experimental data suggests that the initiation of locomotion in Physarum could be analogous to an interfacial instability process and that microplasmodial size is a critical parameter governing the instability. Specifically, our results indicate that the instability driving the onset of locomotion is strengthened by substrate adhesiveness and weakened by cortical stiffness. Furthermore, the Fourier spectral analysis of morphology revealed lobe number n = 2 as the consistent dominant mode number across various experimental manipulations, suggesting that the instability mechanism driving the onset of Physarum locomotion is robust with respect to changes in environmental conditions and microplasmodial properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasheras, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/675942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Symmetry breaking transition towards directional locomotion in Physarum microplasmodia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/676684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
hunchback promoters can readout morphogenetic positional information in less than a minute 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/676684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The first cell fate decisions in the developing fly embryo are made very rapidly: hunchback genes decide in a few minutes whether a given nucleus follows the anterior or the posterior developmental blueprint by reading out the positional information encoded in the Bicoid morphogen. This developmental system constitutes a prototypical instance of the broad spectrum of regulatory decision processes that combine speed and accuracy. Traditional arguments based on fixed-time sampling of Bicoid concentration indicate that an accurate readout is not possible within the short times observed experimentally. This raises the general issue of how speed-accuracy tradeoffs are achieved. Here, we compare fixed-time sampling strategies to decisions made on-the-fly, which are based on updating and comparing the likelihoods of being at an anterior or a posterior location. We found that these more efficient schemes can complete reliable cell fate decisions even within the very short embryological timescales. We discuss the influence of promoter architectures on the mean decision time and decision error rate and present concrete promoter architectures that allow for the fast readout of the morphogen. Lastly, we formulate explicit predictions for new experiments involving Bicoid mutants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desponds, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walczak, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/676684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[hunchback promoters can readout morphogenetic positional information in less than a minute]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Atlas of Immune Cell Exhaustion in HIV-Infected Individuals Revealed by Single-Cell Transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/678763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause progressive loss of immune cell function, or exhaustion, which impairs control of virus replication. However, little is known about the development and maintenance, as well as heterogeneity of immune cell exhaustion. Here, we investigated the effects of HIV infection on immune cell exhaustion at the transcriptomic level by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two healthy subjects (15,121 cells) and six HIV-infected donors (28,610 cells). We identified nine immune cell clusters and eight T cell subclusters according to their unique gene expression programs; three of these (exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and interferon-responsive CD8+ T cells) were detected only in samples from HIV-infected donors. An inhibitory receptor KLRG1 was identified in the exhausted T cell populations and further characterized in HIV infected individuals. We identified a novel HIV-1 specific exhausted CD8+ T cell population expressing KLRG1, TIGIT, and T-betdimEomeshi markers. Ex-vivo antibody blockade of KLRG1 restored the function of HIV-specific exhausted CD8+ T cells demonstrating the contribution of KLRG1+ population to T cell exhaustion and providing a novel target for developing immunotherapy to treat HIV chronic infection. Analysis of gene signatures also revealed impairment of B cell and NK cell function in HIV-infected donors. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of gene signatures associated with immune cell exhaustion during HIV infection, which could be useful in understanding exhaustion mechanisms and developing new cure therapies.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=97 SRC="FIGDIR/small/678763v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (22K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d6291borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@24db3aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b4f65borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@199d243_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karris, M. A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/678763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Atlas of Immune Cell Exhaustion in HIV-Infected Individuals Revealed by Single-Cell Transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effect of sample size on polygenic hazard models for prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We aimed to determine the effect of sample size on performance of polygenic hazard score (PHS) models in predicting the age at onset of prostate cancer. Age and genotypes were obtained for 40,861 men from the PRACTICAL consortium. The dataset included 201,590 SNPs per subject, and was split into training (34,444 samples) and testing (6,417 samples) sets. Two PHS model-building strategies were investigated. Established-SNP model considered 65 SNPs that had been associated with prostate cancer in the literature. A stepwise SNP selection was used to develop Discovery-SNP models. The performance of each PHS model was calculated for random sizes of the training set (1 to 30 thousand). The performance of a representative Established-SNP model was estimated for random sizes of the testing set (0.5 to 6 thousand). Mean HR98/50 (hazard ratio of top 2% to the average in the test set) of the Established-SNP model increased from 1.73[95%CI: 1.69-1.77] to 2.41[2.40-2.43] when the number of training samples was increased from 1 to 30 thousand. The corresponding HR98/50 of the Discovery-SNP model increased from 1.05[0.93-1.18] to 2.19[2.16-2.23]. HR98/50 of a representative Established-SNP model using testing set sample sizes of 0.6 and 6 thousand observations were 1.78[1.70-1.85] and 1.73[1.71-1.76], respectively. We estimate that a study population of 20 to 30 thousand men is required to develop Discovery-SNP PHS models for prostate cancer. The required sample size could be reduced to 10 thousand samples, if a set of SNPs associated with the disease has already been established.nnAuthor summaryPolygenic hazard scores represent a recent advancement in polygenic prediction to model the age of onset of various diseases, such as Alzheimers disease or prostate cancer. These scores accumulate small effect sizes from several tens of genetic variants and can be used to establish an individuals risk of experiencing an event relative to a control population across time. The largest barrier to the development of polygenic hazard scores is the large number of study subjects needed to develop the underlying models. We sought to understand the effect of varying the total number of samples on the performance of a polygenic hazard score in the context of prostate cancer. We found that the performance of the score did not appreciably change beyond 20 to 30 thousand observations when developing the model from scratch. However, when the discovery of the genetic variants can be borrowed from those already identified in the literature to be associated with the disease, the required number of samples is reduced to 10 thousand with no appreciable detriment in performance. We hope that these results can guide the design of future studies of polygenic scores in other diseases and demonstrate the importance of genome-wide association studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karunamuni, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh-Le, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kote-Jarai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Olama, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiklund, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schleutker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sipeky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tammela, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordestgaard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pharoah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashayan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibodeau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaid, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luedeke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herkommer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cybulski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wokolorczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluzniak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon-Albright, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schöttker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holleczek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slavov, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaneva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effect of sample size on polygenic hazard models for prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing neural representations of tactile space 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/679241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychophysical experiments have demonstrated large and highly systematic perceptual distortions of tactile space. We investigated the neural basis of tactile space by analyzing activity patterns induced by tactile stimulation of nine points on a 3 x 3 square grid on the hand dorsum using functional magnetic resonance (fMRI). We used a searchlight approach within pre-defined regions of interests (ROIs) to compute the pairwise Euclidean distances between the activity patterns elicited by tactile stimulation. Then, we used multidimensional scaling (MDS) to reconstruct tactile space at the neural level and compare it with skin space at the perceptual level. Our reconstructions of the shape of skin space in contralateral primary somatosensory (SI) and motor (M1) cortices reveal that it is distorted in a way that matches the perceptual shape of skin space. This suggests that early sensorimotor areas are critical to processing tactile space perception.nnSignificant StatementHere, we show that the primary somatosensory (SI) and motor (M1) cortices, rather than higher-level brain areas, are critical to estimating distances between tactile stimuli on the hand dorsum. By combining functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), Procrustes alignment, and multidimensional scaling, we reconstructed the shape of skin space in the brain. Strikingly, the shape of the skin that we reconstructed from neural data matches the distortions we found at the behavioral level, providing strong evidence that early sensorimotor areas are critical for the construction of tactile space. Our work therefore supports the view that tactile distance perception is computed at lower level in the somatosensory system than is usually supposed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tame, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucciarelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadibolova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereno, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/679241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing neural representations of tactile space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/681411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein:Protein Interactions in the Cytoplasmic Membrane Influencing Sugar Transport and Phosphorylation Activities of the E. coli Phosphotransferase System. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/681411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The multicomponent phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar-transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS) in Escherichia coli takes up sugar substrates and concomitantly phosphorylates them. We have recently provided evidence that many of the integral membrane PTS permeases interact with the fructose PTS (FruA/FruB) [1]. However, the biochemical and physiological significance of this finding was not known. We have carried out molecular genetic/biochemical/physiological studies that show that interactions of the fructose PTS often enhance, but sometimes inhibit the activities of other PTS transporters many fold, depending on the target PTS system under study. Thus, the glucose, mannose, mannitol and N- acetylglucosamine permeases exhibit enhanced in vivo sugar transport and sometimes in vitro PEP-dependent sugar phosphorylation activities while the galactitol and trehalose systems show inhibited activities. This is observed when the fructose system is induced to high levels and prevented when the fruA/fruB genes are deleted. Overexpression of the fruA and/or fruB genes in the absence of fructose induction during growth also enhances the rates of uptake of other hexoses. The {beta}-galactosidase activities of man, mtl, and gat-lacZ transcriptional fusions and the sugar-specific transphosphorylation activities of these enzyme transporters were not affected either by frustose induction or fruAB overexpression, showing that the rates of synthesis and protein levels in the membrane of the target PTS permeases were not altered. We thus suggest that specific protein-protein interactions within the cytoplasmic membrane regulate transport in vivo (and sometimes the PEP-dependent phosphorylation activities in vitro of PTS permeases) in a physiologically meaningful way that may help to provide a hierarchy of preferred PTS sugars. These observations appear to be applicable in principle to other types of transport systems as well.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saier, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aboulwafa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/681411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein:Protein Interactions in the Cytoplasmic Membrane Influencing Sugar Transport and Phosphorylation Activities of the E. coli Phosphotransferase System.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lis1 promotes the formation of maximally activated cytoplasmic dynein-1 complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is a molecular motor that drives nearly all minus-end-directed microtubule-based transport in human cells, performing functions ranging from retrograde axonal transport to mitotic spindle assembly1,2. Activated dynein complexes consist of one or two dynein dimers, the dynactin complex, and an "activating adaptor", with maximal velocity seen with two dimers present (Fig. 1a)3-6. Little is known about how this massive [~]4MDa complex is assembled. Using purified recombinant human proteins, we uncovered a novel role for the dynein-binding protein, Lis1, in the formation of fully activated dynein complexes containing two dynein dimers. Lis1 is required for maximal velocity of complexes activated by proteins representing three different families of activating adaptors: BicD2, Hook3, and Ninl. Once activated dynein complexes have formed, they do not require the presence of Lis1 for sustained maximal velocity. Using cryo-electron microscopy we show that human Lis1 binds to dynein at two sites on dyneins motor domain, similar to yeast dynein7. We propose that the ability of Lis1 to bind at these sites may function in multiple stages of assembling the motile human dynein/ dynactin/ activating adaptor complex.nnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=123 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/683052v1_fig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (37K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1acc26corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1107393org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@113eab4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@95f6f4_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 1.C_FLOATNO Lis1 increases microtubule binding and the velocity of activated dynein complexes. a. Schematic of the current model for dynein activation. Dynein is autoinihibited in the Phi conformation, opens and then adopts a parallel conformation that is seen in the activated dynein complex, which includes dynactin and an activating adaptor. Maximally activated dynein contains two dynein dimers (dynein A and B, far right) b. Schematic of the dynein motor domain with AAA+ ATPase domains colored in rainbow, highlighting the two Lis1 binding sites in yeast dynein, "sitering" at AAA3/4 and "sitestalk" on dyneins stalk, which leads to dyneins microtubule binding domain (MTBD). Lis1 is shown in orange to the right c. Schematic of the activating adaptor constructs used in this study. d. Binding density (mean {+/-} s.e.m. dynein) of dynein alone on microtubules in the absence (white circles) or presence (black circles) of 300 nM Lis1. Data was normalized to a density of 1.0 in the absence of Lis1. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired t test; ****, p<0.0001; n = 12 replicates for each condition. e. Binding density (mean {+/-} s.e.m) of dynein/ dynactin/ activating adaptor complexes on microtubules in the absence (white circles) or presence (black circles) of 300 nM Lis1. The activating adaptors used are indicated. Data was normalized to a density of 1.0 in the absence of Lis1. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired t test; ****, p<0.0001; n = 12 replicates for each condition. f. Velocity of dynein/ dynactin/ activating adaptor complexes in the absence (white circles) or presence (black circles) of 300 nM Lis1. The median and interquartile range are shown and the activating adaptors used are indicated. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed Mann-Whitney test; ****, p<0.0001; ns, p=0.3498; n (individual single molecule events) = 506 (BicD2-S no Lis1), 569 (BicD2-S with Lis1), 496 (BicD2-L no Lis1), 505 (BicD2-L with Lis1), 454 (Hook3 no Lis1), 471 (Hook3 with Lis1), 490 (Ninl no Lis1), 582 (Ninl with Lis1). g. Percent processive runs (mean {+/-} s.e.m.) of dynein/ dynactin/ Hook3 complexes in a higher salt buffer (60 mM KOAc versus 30 mM KOAc in our standard motility buffer) in the absence (white circles) or presence (black circles) of 300 nM Lis1. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukeys multiple comparisons test; ****, p<0.0001; n = 3 replicates per condition. h. Schematic of the peroxisome relocation assay. i. Peroxisome velocity in human U2OS cells with scrambled or Lis1 siRNA knockdown. The median and interquartile range are shown. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired t test; ***, p=0.0002; n (average peroxisome velocity per cell) = 30 per condition. More than 7 events were measured per cell.nnC_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Htet, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillies, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSantis, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lis1 promotes the formation of maximally activated cytoplasmic dynein-1 complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational analysis of transcriptome signature repurposes low dose trifluoperazine for the treatment of fragile X syndrome in mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by mutations in fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1), is a prevailing genetic disorder of intellectual disability and autism. Currently, there is no efficacious medication for FXS. Here, we use transcriptome landscape as a holistic molecular phenotype/endpoint to identify potential therapeutic intervention. Through in silico screening with public gene signature database, computational analysis of transcriptome profile in Fmr1 knockout (KO) neurons predicts therapeutic value of an FDA-approved drug trifluoperazine. Through experimental validation, we find that systemic administration of low dose trifluoperazine at 0.05 mg/kg attenuates multiple FXS- and autism-related behavioral symptoms. Moreover, computational analysis of transcriptome alteration caused by trifluoperazine suggests a new mechanism of action against PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase) activity. Consistently, trifluoperazine suppresses PI3K activity and its down-stream targets Akt (protein kinase B) and S6K1 (S6 kinase 1) in neurons. Further, trifluoperazine normalizes the aberrantly elevated activity of Akt and S6K1 and enhanced protein synthesis in FXS mouse. In conclusion, our data demonstrate promising value of gene signature-based computation in identification of therapeutic strategy and repurposing drugs for neurological disorders, and suggest trifluoperazine as a potential practical treatment for FXS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethna, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational analysis of transcriptome signature repurposes low dose trifluoperazine for the treatment of fragile X syndrome in mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Split-gene drive system provides flexible application for safe laboratory investigation and potential field deployment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based gene drives spread through populations bypassing the dictates of Mendelian genetics, offering a population-engineering tool for tackling vector-borne diseases, managing crop pests, and helping island conservation efforts; unfortunately, current technologies raise safety concerns for unintended gene propagation. Herein, we address this by splitting the two drive components, Cas9 and gRNAs, into separate alleles to form a novel trans-complementing split-gene-drive (tGD) and demonstrate its ability to promote super-Mendelian inheritance of the separate transgenes. This bi-component nature allows for individual transgene optimization and increases safety by restricting escape concerns to experimentation windows. We employ the tGD and a small- molecule-controlled version to investigate the biology of component inheritance and use our system to study the maternal effects on CRISPR inheritance, impaired homology on efficiency, and resistant allele formation. Lastly, mathematical modeling of tGD spread in a population shows potential advantages for improving current gene-drive technologies for field population modification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez del Amo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez C., H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/684597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Split-gene drive system provides flexible application for safe laboratory investigation and potential field deployment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Removal of early senescent cells protects retinal ganglion cells loss in experimental ocular hypertension. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experimental ocular hypertension induces senescence of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that mimicks events occurring in human glaucoma. Senescence-related chromatin remodeling leads to profound transcriptional changes including the upregulation of a subset of genes that encode multiple proteins collectively referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Emerging evidence suggests that the presence of these proinflammatory and matrix-degrading molecules has deleterious effects in a variety of tissues. In the current study, we demonstrated in a transgenic mouse model that early removal of senescent cells induced upon elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) protects unaffected RGCs from senescence and apoptosis. Visual evoked potential (VEP) analysis demonstrated that remaining RGCs are functional and that the treatment protected visual functions. Finally, removal of endogenous senescent retinal cells after IOP elevation by a treatment with senolytic drug dasatinib prevented loss of retinal functions and cellular structure. Senolytic drugs may have the potential to mitigate the deleterious impact of elevated IOP on RGC survival in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rocha, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Huu, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomino La torre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinreb, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/684811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Removal of early senescent cells protects retinal ganglion cells loss in experimental ocular hypertension.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/687293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovering functional sequences with RELICS, an analysis method for CRISPR regulatory screens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/687293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR screens are a powerful new technology for the identification of genome sequences that affect cellular phenotypes such as gene expression, survival, and proliferation. By tiling single-guide RNA (sgRNA) target sites across large genomic regions, CRISPR screens have the potential to systematically discovery novel functional sequences, however, a lack of purpose-built analysis tools limits the effectiveness of this approach. Here we describe RELICS, a Bayesian hierarchical model for the discovery of functional sequences from tiling CRISPR screens. RELICS considers the overlapping effects of multiple nearby functional sequences, accounts for the  area of effect surrounding sgRNA target sites, models overdispersion in sgRNA counts, combines information across multiple pools, and estimates the number of functional sequences supported by the data. In simulations, RELICS outperforms existing methods and provides higher resolution predictions. We apply RELICS to published CRISPR interference and CRISPR activation screens and predict novel regulatory sequences, several of which we experimentally validate. In summary, RELICS is a powerful new analysis method for tiling CRISPR screens that enables the discovery of functional sequences with unprecedented resolution and accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fiaux, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/687293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovering functional sequences with RELICS, an analysis method for CRISPR regulatory screens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/687962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEIL2 plays a critical role in limiting inflammation and preserving genomic integrity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/687962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The accumulation of Helicobacter pylori infection-induced oxidative DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells is a risk factor for developing gastric cancer (GC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that the suppression of NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific mammalian DNA glycosylase, is one such mechanism via which H. pylori infection may fuel the accumulation of DNA damage during the initiation and progression of GC. Using a combination of cultured cell lines and primary cells, we show that expression of NEIL2 is significantly down-regulated after H. pylori infection; such down-regulation was also seen in human gastric biopsies. The H. pylori infection-induced down-regulation of NEIL2 is specific, as Campylobacter jejuni has no such effect. Using gastric organoids isolated from the murine stomach in co-culture studies with live bacteria mimicking the infected stomach lining, we found that H. pylori infection was associated with IL-8 production; this response was more pronounced in Neil2 knockout (KO) mouse cells compared to wild type (WT) cells, suggesting that NEIL2 suppresses inflammation under physiological conditions. Interestingly, DNA damage was significantly higher in Neil2 KO mice compared to WT mice. H. pylori-infected Neil2 KO mice showed higher inflammation and more epithelial cell damage. Computational analysis of gene expression profiles of repair genes in gastric specimens showed the reduction of Neil2 level is linked to the GC progression. Taken together, our data suggest that down-regulation of NEIL2 is a plausible mechanism by which H. pylori infection derails DNA damage repair, amplifies the inflammatory response and initiates GCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahan, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beswick, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinchuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazra, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/687962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEIL2 plays a critical role in limiting inflammation and preserving genomic integrity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural selection shapes codon usage in the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synonymous codon usage has been identified as an important determinant of translational efficiency and mRNA stability in model organisms and human cell lines. However, to date, population genetics studies have failed to observe evolutionary constraint on human codon usage, and synonymous variation has been largely overlooked as a component of human genetic diversity. Using genetic sequencing data from nearly 200,000 individuals, we uncover clear evidence that natural selection optimizes codon content in the human genome. We derive intolerance metrics to quantify gene-level constraint on synonymous variation and demonstrate that dosage-sensitive, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulated genes are more intolerant to synonymous variation than other genes in the genome. Notably, we illustrate that reductions in codon optimality can attenuate the function of BRCA1. Our results reveal that synonymous mutations likely play an important and underappreciated role in human variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhindsa, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mustoe, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/688051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural selection shapes codon usage in the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interleaved training prevents catastrophic forgetting in spiking neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial neural networks overwrite previously learned tasks when trained sequentially, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. In contrast, the brain learns continuously, and typically learns best when new learning is interleaved with periods of sleep for memory consolidation. In this study, we used spiking network to study mechanisms behind catastrophic forgetting and the role of sleep in preventing it. The network could be trained to learn a complex foraging task but exhibited catastrophic forgetting when trained sequentially on multiple tasks. New task training moved the synaptic weight configuration away from the manifold representing old tasks leading to forgetting. Interleaving new task training with periods of off-line reactivation, mimicking biological sleep, mitigated catastrophic forgetting by pushing the synaptic weight configuration towards the intersection of the solution manifolds representing multiple tasks. The study reveals a possible strategy of synaptic weights dynamics the brain applies during sleep to prevent forgetting and optimize learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanois, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/688622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interleaved training prevents catastrophic forgetting in spiking neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/691352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A non-acidic method using hydroxyapatite and phosphohistidine monoclonal antibodies allows enrichment of phosphopeptides containing non-conventional phosphorylations for mass spectrometry analysis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/691352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Four types of phosphate-protein linkage generate nine different phosphoresidues in living organisms. Histidine phosphorylation is a long-time established but largely unexplored post-translational modification, mainly because of the acid-lability of the phosphoramidate bonds. This lability means that standard phosphoproteomic methods used for conventional phosphate esters (phospho-Ser/Thr/Tyr) must be modified to analyze proteins containing the phosphoramidate-amino acids - phospho-His/Arg/Lys. We show that a non-acidic method allows enrichment of non-conventional phosphoresidue-containing peptides from tryptic digests of human cell lines, using hydroxyapatite binding and/or immobilized 1-pHis and 3-pHis monoclonal antibodies for enrichment. 425 unique non-conventional phosphorylation sites (i.e. pHis, pLys and pArg) were detected with a high probability of localization by LC-MS/MS analysis and identified using a customized MaxQuant configuration, contributing to a new era of study in post-translational modification and cell signaling in humans. This is the first fully non-acidic method for phosphopeptide enrichment which uses immunoaffinity purification and remains compatible with mass spectrometry analysis for a wider coverage of potential protein phosphorylation events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuhs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisenhelder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslanian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moresco, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Clair, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/691352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A non-acidic method using hydroxyapatite and phosphohistidine monoclonal antibodies allows enrichment of phosphopeptides containing non-conventional phosphorylations for mass spectrometry analysis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in nanoliter droplets for single-cell sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linked profiling of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility from single cells can provide unprecedented insights into cellular status. Here we developed a droplet-based Single-Nucleus chromatin Accessibility and mRNA Expression sequencing (SNARE-seq) assay, that we used to profile neonatal and adult mouse cerebral cortices. To demonstrate the strength of single-cell dual-omics profiling, we reconstructed transcriptome and epigenetic landscapes of cell types, uncovered lineage-specific accessible sites, and connected dynamics of promoter accessibility with transcription during neurogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/692608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in nanoliter droplets for single-cell sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell chromatin accessibility reveals pancreatic islet cell type- and state-specific regulatory programs of diabetes risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/693671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic risk variants for complex, multifactorial diseases are enriched in cis-regulatory elements. Single cell epigenomic technologies create new opportunities to dissect cell type-specific mechanisms of risk variants, yet this approach has not been widely applied to disease-relevant tissues. Given the central role of pancreatic islets in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology, we generated accessible chromatin profiles from 14.2k islet cells and identified 13 cell clusters including multiple alpha, beta and delta cell clusters which represented hormone-producing and signal-responsive cell states. We cataloged 244,236 islet cell type accessible chromatin sites and identified transcription factors (TFs) underlying both lineage- and state-specific regulation. We measured the enrichment of T2D and glycemic trait GWAS for the accessible chromatin profiles of single cells, which revealed heterogeneity in the effects of beta cell states and TFs on fasting glucose and T2D risk. We further used machine learning to predict the cell type-specific regulatory function of genetic variants, and single cell co-accessibility to link distal sites to putative cell type-specific target genes. We localized 239 fine-mapped T2D risk signals to islet accessible chromatin, and further prioritized variants at these signals with predicted regulatory function and co-accessibility with target genes. At the KCNQ1 locus, the causal T2D variant rs231361 had predicted effects on an enhancer with beta cell-specific, long-range co-accessibility to the insulin promoter, and deletion of this enhancer reduced insulin gene and protein expression in human embryonic stem cell-derived beta cells. Our findings provide a cell type- and state-resolved map of gene regulation in human islets, illuminate likely mechanisms of T2D risk at hundreds of loci, and demonstrate the power of single cell epigenomics for interpreting complex disease genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlichting, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deogaygay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudtarkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/693671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell chromatin accessibility reveals pancreatic islet cell type- and state-specific regulatory programs of diabetes risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding WW Domain Tandem-mediated Target Recognitions in Tissue Growth and Cell Polarity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/694976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
WW domain tandem-containing proteins such as KIBRA, YAP, and MAGI play critical roles in cell growth and polarity via binding to and positioning target proteins in specific subcellular regions. An immense disparity exists between promiscuity of WW domain-mediated target bindings and specific roles of WW domain scaffold proteins in cell growth regulation. Here, we discovered that WW domain tandems of KIBRA and MAGI, but not YAP, bind to specific target proteins with extremely high affinity and exquisite specificity. Via systematic structural biology and biochemistry approaches, we decoded the target binding rules of WW domain tandems from cell growth regulatory proteins and uncovered a list of previously unknown WW tandem binding proteins such as {beta}-Dystroglycan, JCAD, and PTPN21. The WW tandem-mediated target recognition mechanisms elucidated here can guide functional studies of WW domain proteins in cell growth and polarity as well as in other cellular processes including neuronal synaptic signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/694976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding WW Domain Tandem-mediated Target Recognitions in Tissue Growth and Cell Polarity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/696724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping Vector Field of Single Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/696724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq, together with RNA velocity and metabolic labeling, reveals cellular states and transitions at unprecedented resolution. Fully exploiting these data, however, requires dynamical models capable of predicting cell fate and unveiling the governing regulatory mechanisms. Here, we introduce dynamo, an analytical framework that reconciles intrinsic splicing and labeling kinetics to estimate absolute RNA velocities, reconstructs velocity vector fields that predict future cell fates, and finally employs differential geometry analyses to elucidate the underlying regulatory networks. We applied dynamo to a wide range of disparate biological processes including prediction of future states of differentiating hematopoietic stem cell lineages, deconvolution of glucocorticoid responses from orthogonal cell-cycle progression, characterization of regulatory networks driving zebrafish pigmentation, and identification of possible routes of resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work thus represents an important step in going from qualitative, metaphorical conceptualizations of differentiation, as exemplified by Waddingtons epigenetic landscape, to quantitative and predictive theories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosseinzadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Replogle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darmanis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/696724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping Vector Field of Single Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/698522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Updated phylogeny of Chikungunya virus reveals lineage-specific RNA architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/698522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus of the family Togaviridae, has recently emerged in the Americas from lineages from two continents, Asia and Africa. Historically, CHIKV circulated as at least four lineages worldwide with both enzootic and epidemic transmission cycles. To understand the recent patterns of emergence and the current status of the CHIKV spread, updated analyses of the viral genetic data and metadata are needed. Here, we performed phylogenetic and comparative genomics screens of CHIKV genomes, taking advantage of the public availability of many recently sequenced isolates. Based on these new data and analyses, we derive a revised phylogeny from nucleotide sequences in coding regions. Using this phylogeny, we uncover the presence of several distinct lineages in Africa that were previously considered a single one. In parallel, we performed thermodynamic modeling of CHIKV untranslated regions (UTRs), which revealed evolutionarily conserved structured and unstructured RNA elements in the 3UTR. We provide evidence for duplication events in recently emerged American isolates of the Asian CHIKV lineage and propose the existence of a flexible 3UTR architecture among different CHIKV lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Bernardi Schneider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochsenreiter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostager, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofacker, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janies, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfinger, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/698522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Updated phylogeny of Chikungunya virus reveals lineage-specific RNA architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/698829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transfer of Septin Rings to Cytokinetic Remnants Directs Age-Sensitive ER stress Surveillance Cell Cycle Re-entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/698829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cell division, cells must actively pass on organelles. Previously, we discovered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress surveillance (ERSU) pathway that ensures the inheritance of functional ER. Activation of the ERSU causes the septin ring to mislocalize, which blocks ER inheritance and cytokinesis. Here, we found that the septin ring mislocalizes to previously utilized cell division sites called cytokinetic remnants (CRMs). The transfer of the septin ring to CRMs requires Nba1, a negative polarity component that normally prevents septin ring formation at CRMs. Furthermore, septin ring movement to CRMs relies on the ERSU component Slt2, which is recruited by binding Bem1. During ER stress, Bem1 also binds the GTP exchange factor Cdc24, without activating Cdc42, a GTPase that normally establishes polarized growth. Failure to translocate septin rings to CRMs delays the cells ability to re-enter cell division when ER homeostasis is re-established. Thus, ER stress considers the history of previous cell cycle for future cell cycle re-entry upon ER stress recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chao, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pina, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuldiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niwa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/698829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transfer of Septin Rings to Cytokinetic Remnants Directs Age-Sensitive ER stress Surveillance Cell Cycle Re-entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal cascade of frontal, motor and muscle processes underlying human action-stopping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Action-stopping is a canonical executive function thought to involve top-down control over the motor system. Here we aimed to validate this stopping system using high temporal resolution methods in humans. We show that, following the requirement to stop, there was an increase of right frontal beta ([~]13 to 30 Hz) at [~]120 ms, likely a proxy of right inferior frontal gyrus; then, at 140 ms, there was a broad skeletomotor suppression, likely reflecting the impact of the subthalamic nucleus on basal ganglia output; then, at [~]160 ms, suppression was detected in the muscle, and, finally, the behavioral time of stopping was [~]220 ms. This temporal cascade confirms a detailed model of action-stopping, and partitions it into subprocesses that are isolable to different nodes and are more precise than the behavioral speed of stopping. Variation in these subprocesses, including at the single-trial level, could better explain individual differences in impulse control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal cascade of frontal, motor and muscle processes underlying human action-stopping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Annotation of Human Long Non-Coding RNAs via Molecular Phenotyping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of transcripts in the mammalian genomes and yet, their functions remain largely unknown. We systematically knockdown 285 lncRNAs expression in human dermal fibroblasts and quantified cellular growth, morphological changes, and transcriptomic responses using Capped Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE). Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the same lncRNA exhibited global concordance, and the molecular phenotype, measured by CAGE, recapitulated the observed cellular phenotypes while providing additional insights on the affected genes and pathways. Here, we disseminate the largest to-date lncRNA knockdown dataset with molecular phenotyping (over 1,000 CAGE deep-sequencing libraries) for further exploration and highlight functional roles for ZNF213-AS1 and lnc-KHDC3L-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramilowski, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakovskiy, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooi, J. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roos, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Severin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasuzawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abugessaisa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akalin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bono, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borsari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brombacher, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannistraci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dostie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ducoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favorov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fort, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gil, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimenez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handoko, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harshbarger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayatsu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heutink, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imada, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itoh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczkowski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Annotation of Human Long Non-Coding RNAs via Molecular Phenotyping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Remodeling of the C. elegans Non-coding RNA Transcriptome by Heat Shock 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elevated temperatures activate a Heat Shock Response (HSR) to protect cells from the pathological effects of protein mis-folding, cellular mis-organization, organelle dysfunction and altered membrane fluidity. This response includes activation of the conserved transcription factor Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF-1), which binds Heat Shock Elements (HSEs) in the promoters of genes induced by heat shock (HS). The up-regulation of protein-coding genes (PCGs), such as Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and cytoskeletal regulators, is critical for cellular survival during elevated temperatures. While the transcriptional response of PCGs to heat shock has been comprehensively analyzed in a variety of organisms, the effect of this stress on the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has not been systematically examined. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans HS induces up- and down-regulation of specific ncRNAs from multiple classes, including miRNA, piRNA, lincRNA, pseudogene, and repeat elements. Moreover, some ncRNA genes appear to be direct targets of the HSR, as they contain HSF-1 bound HSEs in their promoters and their expression is regulated by this factor during HS. These results demonstrate that multiple ncRNA genes respond to HS, some as direct HSF-1 targets, providing new candidates that may contribute to organismal survival during this stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schreiner, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagliuso, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrigues, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aalto, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquinelli, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/706820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Remodeling of the C. elegans Non-coding RNA Transcriptome by Heat Shock]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/711812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-lasting Analgesia via Targeted in vivo Epigenetic Repression of Nav1.7 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/711812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current treatments for chronic pain rely largely on opioids despite their unwanted side effects and risk of addiction. Genetic studies have identified in humans key targets pivotal to nociceptive processing, with the voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.7 (SCN9A), being perhaps the most promising candidate for analgesic drug development. Specifically, a hereditary loss-of-function mutation in NaV1.7 leads to insensitivity to pain without other neurodevelopmental alterations. However, the high sequence similarity between NaV subtypes has frustrated efforts to develop selective inhibitors. Here, we investigated targeted epigenetic repression of NaV1.7 via genome engineering approaches based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-dCas9 and zinc finger proteins as a potential treatment for chronic pain. Towards this end, we first optimized the efficiency of NaV1.7 repression in vitro in Neuro2A cells, and then by the lumbar intrathecal route delivered both genome-engineering platforms via adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to assess their effects in three mouse models of pain: carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain, paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and BzATP-induced pain. Our results demonstrate: one, effective repression of NaV1.7 in lumbar dorsal root ganglia; two, reduced thermal hyperalgesia in the inflammatory state; three, decreased tactile allodynia in the neuropathic state; and four, no changes in normal motor function. We anticipate this genomically scarless and non-addictive pain amelioration approach enabling Long-lasting Analgesia via Targeted in vivo Epigenetic Repression of Nav1.7, a methodology we dub pain LATER, will have significant therapeutic potential, such as for preemptive administration in anticipation of a pain stimulus (pre-operatively), or during an established chronic pain state.nnOne sentence summaryIn situ epigenome engineering approach for genomically scarless, durable, and non-addictive management of pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catroli, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woller, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/711812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-lasting Analgesia via Targeted in vivo Epigenetic Repression of Nav1.7]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/712612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seagrass mediates microalgal community structure at a distance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/712612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seagrass beds provide a variety of ecosystem services, both within and outside the bounds of the habitat itself. Here we use environmental DNA (eDNA) amplicons to analyze a broad cross-section of taxa from ecological communities in and immediately surrounding eelgrass (Zostera marina). Sampling seawater along transects extending alongshore outward from eelgrass beds, we demonstrate that eDNA provides meter-scale resolution of communities in the field. We evaluate eDNA abundance indices for thirteen major phylogenetic groups of marine and estuarine taxa along these transects, finding highly local changes linked with proximity to Z. marina for a diverse group of dinoflagellates, and for no other group of taxa. Eelgrass habitat is consistently associated with dramatic reductions in dinoflagellate abundance both within the contiguous beds and for at least fifteen meters outside, relative to nearby sites without eelgrass. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that eelgrass-associated communities have allelopathic effects on dinoflagellates, and that these effects can extend in a halo beyond the bounds of the contiguous beds. Because many dinoflagellates are capable of forming Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) toxic to humans and other animal species, the apparent salutary effect of eelgrass habitat on neighboring waters has important implications for public health as well as shellfish aquaculture and harvesting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jacobs-Palmer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramon-Laca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunselman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/712612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seagrass mediates microalgal community structure at a distance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/712950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic changes in RNA-chromatin interactome promote endothelial dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/712950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatins are pervasively attached by RNAs. Here, we asked whether global RNA-chromatin contacts are altered in a given cell type in a disease context, and whether these alterations impact gene expression and cell function. In endothelial cells (ECs) treated by high-glucose and TNF, we employed single-cell RNA-sequencing and in situ mapping of RNA-genome interaction (iMARGI) assay to delineate temporal changes in transcriptome and RNA-chromatin interactome. ECs displayed dramatic and heterogeneous changes in single cell transcriptome, accompanied by a dynamic and strong increase in inter-chromosomal RNA-DNA interactions, particularly among super enhancers (SEs). These SEs overlap with genes contributing to inflammatory response and endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), two key aspects of endothelial dysfunction. Perturbation of a high-glucose and TNF-activated interaction involving SEs overlapping LINC00607 and SERPINE1 attenuated the pro-inflammatory and pro-EndoMT gene induction and EC dysfunction. Our findings highlight RNA-chromatin contacts as a crucial regulatory feature in biological and disease processes, exemplified by endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator of numerous diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calandrelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sriram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/712950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic changes in RNA-chromatin interactome promote endothelial dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/715086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pyruvate Kinase M Links Glucose Availability to Protein Synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/715086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How human cells coordinate various metabolic processes, such as glycolysis and protein translation, remains unclear. One key insight is that various metabolic enzymes have been found to associate with mRNAs, however whether these enzymes regulate mRNA biology in response to changes in cellular metabolic state remains unknown. Here we report that the glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase M (PKM), inhibits the translation of 7% of the transcriptome in response to elevated levels of glucose and pyruvate. Our data suggest that in the presence of glucose and pyruvate, PKM associates with ribosomes that are synthesizing stretches of polyacidic nascent polypeptides and stalls the elongation step of translation. PKM-regulated mRNAs encode proteins required for the cell cycle and may explain previous results linking PKM to cell cycle regulation. Our study uncovers an unappreciated link between glycolysis and the ribosome that likely coordinates the intake of glycolytic metabolites with the regulation of protein synthesis and the cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kejiou, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajakulendran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najafabadi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palazzo, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/715086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pyruvate Kinase M Links Glucose Availability to Protein Synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meta-analysis of longitudinal epigenome-wide association studies of military cohorts reveals multiple CpG sites associated with post-traumatic stress disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEpigenetic mechanisms have been suggested to play a role in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, blood-derived DNA methylation data (HumanMethylation450 BeadChip) collected prior to and following combat exposure in three cohorts composed of male military members were combined to assess whether DNA methylation profiles are associated with the development of PTSD.nnMethodsA total of 123 cases and 143 trauma-exposed controls were included. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) PTSD EWAS QC pipeline was used on all cohorts, and results were combined using a sample size weighted meta-analysis. We first combined two cohorts in a discovery stage (N=126 and 78), sought targeted replication in the third cohort (N=62) and then performed a meta-analysis of all three datasets.nnResultsThe discovery stage identified four CpG sites in which, conditional on pre-deployment DNA methylation, post-deployment DNA methylation was associated with PTSD status after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The most significant CpG (p = 1.0 x 10-08) was located on 5q31 and replicated in the third cohort. When combining all cohorts, this intergenic site remained most significant along with two CpGs located in MAD1L1 and HEXDC. Interestingly, the CpG site of MAD1L1 had an underlying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which was located within the same LD block as a recently identified PTSD-associated SNP. Twelve differential methylated regions (DMRs) were also identified, one of which was located in MAD1L1 and four were situated in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region.nnConclusionThis study suggests that the development of PTSD is associated with distinct methylation patterns in several genomic positions and regions. Our most prominent finding points to the involvement of MAD1L1 which was previously associated with PTSD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Snijders, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maihofer, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratanatharathorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boks, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geuze, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pishva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursano, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermetten, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinkers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PGC PTSD EWAS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutten, B. P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nievergelt, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meta-analysis of longitudinal epigenome-wide association studies of military cohorts reveals multiple CpG sites associated with post-traumatic stress disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/717041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tyrosine-based Signals Converge on Daple*PARD3 Complex to Fine-tune Polarized Planar Cell Migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/717041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polarized distribution of organelles and molecules inside a cell is vital for a range of cellular processes and its loss is frequently encountered in disease. Polarization during planar cell migration is a special condition in which cellular orientation is triggered by cell-cell contact. Here, we demonstrate that the multi-modular signaling scaffold Daple (CCDC88C) is a component of cell junctions in epithelial cells which serves like a cellular  compass for establishing and maintaining contact-triggered planar polarity via its interaction with the polarity regulator PARD3, which has been implicated in both apical-basal and planar polarity. This interaction, mediated by Daples PDZ-binding motif (PBM) and the third PDZ domain of PARD3, is fine-tuned by two tyrosine phosphoevents on Daples PBM that are known to be triggered by a multitude of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as Src. Hypophosphorylation strengthens the interaction, whereas hyperphosphorylation disrupts it. These findings reveal an unexpected role of Daple within the planar cell polarity pathway as a platform for signal integration and gradient sensing for tyrosine-based signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ear, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saklecha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/717041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tyrosine-based Signals Converge on Daple*PARD3 Complex to Fine-tune Polarized Planar Cell Migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered phosphorylation of the proteasome subunit Rpt6 has minimal impact on synaptic plasticity and learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system is thought to play a crucial role in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. The proteasome subunit Rpt6, an AAA ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory particle, has emerged as an important site for regulation of 26S proteasome function in neurons. Phosphorylation of Rpt6 on serine 120 (S120) can stimulate the catalytic rate of substrate degradation by the 26S proteasome and this site is targeted by the plasticity-related kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), making it an attractive candidate for regulation of proteasome function in neurons. Several in vitro studies have shown that altered Rpt6 S120 phosphorylation can affect the structure and function of synapses. To evaluate the importance of Rpt6 S120 phosphorylation in vivo, we created two mouse models which feature mutations at S120 that block or mimic phosphorylation at this site. We find that peptidase and ATPase activities are upregulated in the phospho-mimetic mutant and downregulated in the phospho-dead mutant (S120 mutated to aspartic acid (S120D) or alanine (S120A), respectively). Surprisingly, these mutations had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation, and dendritic spine dynamics and density in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these mutants displayed no deficits in cued and contextual fear memory. Thus, in a mouse model that blocks or mimics phosphorylation at this site, either compensatory mechanisms negate these effects, or small variations in proteasome activity are not enough to induce significant changes in synaptic structure, plasticity, or behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scudder, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howell, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dozier, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anagnostaras, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zito, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patrick, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/719195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered phosphorylation of the proteasome subunit Rpt6 has minimal impact on synaptic plasticity and learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serotonergic plasticity in the dorsal raphe nucleus characterizes susceptibility and resilience to anhedonia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic stress induces anhedonia in susceptible, but not resilient individuals, a phenomenon observed in humans as well as animal models, but the molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility and resilience are not well understood. We hypothesized that the serotonergic system, which is implicated in stress, reward and antidepressant therapy, may play a role. We found that plasticity of the serotonergic system contributes to the differential vulnerability to stress displayed by susceptible and resilient animals. Stress-induced anhedonia was assessed in adult male rats using social defeat and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), while changes in serotonergic phenotype were investigated using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Susceptible, but not resilient, rats displayed an increased number of neurons expressing the biosynthetic enzyme for serotonin, tryptophan-hydroxylase-2 (TPH2), in the ventral subnucleus of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRv). Further, a decrease in the number of DRv glutamatergic neurons was observed in all stressed animals. This neurotransmitter plasticity is dependent on DR activity, as was revealed by chemogenetic manipulation of the central amygdala, a stress-sensitive nucleus that forms a major input to the DR. Activation of amygdalar corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)+ neurons abolished the increase in DRv TPH2+ neurons and ameliorated stress-induced anhedonia in susceptible animals. These findings show that activation of amygdalar projections induces resilience, and suppresses the gain of serotonergic phenotype in the DR that is characteristic of susceptible animals. This molecular signature of vulnerability to stress-induced anhedonia and the active nature of resilience could be a target of new treatments for stress-related disorders like depression.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDepression and other mental disorders can be induced by chronic or traumatic stressors. However, some individuals are resilient and do not develop depression in response to chronic stress. A complete picture of the molecular differences between susceptible and resilient individuals is necessary to understand how plasticity of limbic circuits is associated with the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. Using a rodent model, our study identifies a novel molecular marker of susceptibility to stress-induced anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, and a means to modulate it. These findings will guide further investigation into cellular and circuit mechanisms of resilience, and the development of new treatments for depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prakash, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keisler, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Der-Avakian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulcis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/719286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serotonergic plasticity in the dorsal raphe nucleus characterizes susceptibility and resilience to anhedonia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal, environmental, and biological drivers of the mucosal microbiome in a wild marine fish, Scomber japonicus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/721555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changing ocean conditions driven by anthropogenic activity may have a negative impact on fisheries by increasing stress and disease with the mucosal microbiome as a potentially important intermediate role. To understand how environment and host biology drives mucosal microbiomes in a marine fish, we surveyed five body sites (gill, skin, digesta, GI, and pyloric caeca) from 229 Pacific chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, collected across 38 time points spanning one year from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier, making this the largest and longest wild marine fish microbiome survey. Mucosal sites had unique communities significantly different from the surrounding sea water and sediment communities with over 10 times more diversity than sea water alone. Although, external surfaces such as skin and gill were more similar to sea water, digesta was similar to sediment. Both alpha and beta diversity of the skin and gill was explained by environmental and biological factors, especially sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, and fish age, consistent with an exposure gradient relationship. We verified that seasonal microbial changes were not confounded by migrations of chub mackerel sub-populations by nanopore sequencing a 14 769 bp region of the 16 568 bp mitochondria. A cosmopolitan pathogen, Photobacterium damselae, was prevalent across multiple body sites all year, but highest in the skin, GI, and digesta between June and September. Our study evaluates the extent which the environment and host biology drives mucosal microbial ecology, establishing a baseline for long term monitoring surveys for linking environment stressors to mucosal health of wild marine fish.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/721555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal, environmental, and biological drivers of the mucosal microbiome in a wild marine fish, Scomber japonicus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/725424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IgEvolution: clonal analysis of antibody repertoires 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/725424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Constructing antibody repertoires is an important error-correcting step in analyzing immunosequencing datasets that is important for reconstructing evolutionary (clonal) development of antibodies. However, the state-of-the-art repertoire construction tools typically miss low-abundance antibodies that often represent internal nodes in clonal trees and are crucially important for clonal tree reconstruction. Thus, although repertoire construction is a prerequisite for follow up clonal tree reconstruction, the existing repertoire reconstruction algorithms are not well suited for this task. Since clonal analysis has the potential to reveal errors in the constructed repertoires and contribute to constructing more accurate repertoires, we advocate a tree-guided construction of antibody repertoires that combines error correction and clonal reconstruction as interconnected (rather than independent) tasks. We developed the IgEvolution algorithm for simultaneous repertoire and clonal tree reconstruction and applied it for analyzing multiple immunosequencing datasets representing antigen-specific immune responses. We demonstrate that analysis of clonal trees reveals highly mutable positions that correlate with antigen-binding sites and light-chain contacts in crystallized antibody-antigen complexes. We further demonstrate that this analysis leads to a new approach for identifying complementarity determining regions (CDRs) in antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/725424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IgEvolution: clonal analysis of antibody repertoires]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria Share Common Principles to Coordinate Growth and the Cell Cycle at the Single-cell Level 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are evolutionarily divergent model organisms that have elucidated fundamental differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Despite their differences in cell cycle control at the molecular level, both organisms follow the same phenomenological principle for cell size homeostasis known as the adder. We thus asked to what extent B. subtilis and E. coli share common physiological principles in coordinating growth and the cell cycle. To answer this question, we measured physiological parameters of B. subtilis under various steady-state growth conditions with and without translation inhibition at both population and single-cell level. These experiments revealed core shared physiological principles between B. subtilis and E. coli. Specifically, we show that both organisms maintain an invariant cell size per replication origin at initiation, with and without growth inhibition, and even during nutrient shifts at the single-cell level. Furthermore, both organisms also inherit the same "hierarchy" of physiological parameters ranked by their coefficient of variation. Based on these findings, we suggest that the basic coordination principles between growth and the cell cycle in bacteria may have been established in the very early stages of evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sauls, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doh, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghulam-Jelani, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/726596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria Share Common Principles to Coordinate Growth and the Cell Cycle at the Single-cell Level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The interaction between elapsed time and decision accuracy differs between humans and rats performing the same visual motion discrimination task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/726703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A stochastic visual motion discrimination task is widely used to study rapid decision-making in humans and animals. Among trials of the same sensory difficulty within a block of fixed decision strategy, humans and monkeys are widely reported to make more errors in the individual trials with longer reaction times. This finding has posed a challenge for the drift-diffusion model of sensory decision-making, which in its basic form predicts that errors and correct responses should have the same reaction time distributions. We previously reported that rats also violate this model prediction, but in the opposite direction: for rats, motion discrimination accuracy was highest in the trials with the longest reaction times. To rule out task differences as the cause of our divergent finding in rats, the present study tested humans and rats using the same task and analyzed their data identically. We confirmed that rats accuracy increased with reaction time, whereas humans accuracy decreased with reaction time in the same task. These results were further verified using a new temporally-local analysis method, ruling out that the observed trend was an artifact of non-stationarity in the data of either species. The main effect was found whether the signal strength (motion coherence) was varied in randomly interleaved trials or held constant within a block. The magnitude of the effects increased with motion coherence. These results provide new constraints useful for refining and discriminating among the many alternative mathematical theories of decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shevinsky, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinagel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/726703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The interaction between elapsed time and decision accuracy differs between humans and rats performing the same visual motion discrimination task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/727743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Indirect actuation reduces flight power requirements in Manduca sexta via elastic energy exchange 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/727743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the vast majority of flying insects, wing movements are generated indirectly via the deformations of the exoskeleton. Indirect measurements of inertial and aerodynamic power requirements suggest that elastic energy exchange in spring-like structures may reduce the high power requirements of flight by recovering energy from one wingstroke to the next. We directly measured deformation mechanics and elastic energy storage in a hawkmoth Manduca sexta thorax by recording the force required to deform the thorax over a frequency range encompassing typical wingbeat frequencies. We found that a structural damping model, not a viscoelastic model, accurately describes the thoraxs linear spring-like properties and frequency independent dissipation. The energy recovered from thorax deformations is sufficient to minimize flight power requirements. By removing the passive musculature, we find that the exoskeleton determines thorax mechanics. To assess the factors that determine the exoskeletons spring-like properties, we isolated functional thorax regions, disrupted strain in an otherwise intact thorax, and compared results to a homogeneous hemisphere. We found that mechanical coupling between spatially separated thorax regions improves energy exchange performance. Furthermore, local mechanical properties depend on global strain patterns. Finally, the addition of scutum deformations via indirect actuation provides additional energy recovery without added dissipation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sponberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/727743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Indirect actuation reduces flight power requirements in Manduca sexta via elastic energy exchange]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/727966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparing the microbial communities of natural and supplemental nests of an endangered ecosystem engineer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/727966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Supplemental nests are often used to restore habitats for a variety of rare and endangered taxa. However, though supplemental nests mimic the function of natural nests, they vary in design and building material. We know from previous research on human homes and other buildings that these differences in architecture can alter the types of microbes to which inhabitants are exposed, and these shifts in microbial interactions can be detrimental for health and well-being. Yet, no one has tested whether microbial communities in supplemental structures are distinct from those found in natural nests. Here we sampled the bacteria from inside supplemental nests of the endangered Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli). We then compared the diversity and composition of those bacteria to those collected from natural stick-nests and the forest floor in Key Largo, Florida. In addition, we sampled woodrat bodies to assess the microbiota of nest inhabitants. We observed distinct bacterial communities in Key Largo woodrat nests, relative to the forest environment; however, we could not differentiate between the microbial communities collected from supplemental and natural nests. Furthermore, when we considered genera known to contain bacterial pathogens of wild rodents, supplemental and natural nests exhibited similarly low relative abundances of these taxa. Where we expected to see an accumulation of pathogens, we instead observed high relative abundances of bacteria from antimicrobial-producing groups (i.e., Pseudonocardiaceae and Streptomycetaceae). The microbial biota of Key Largo woodrat individuals resembled those of their nests, with low relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria and high abundances of antimicrobial-producing groups. Our results suggest that, although there is some microbial interaction between nests and nest inhabitants, there are no detectable differences in the types of bacteria to which Key Largo woodrats are exposed in supplemental and natural nest structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thoemmes, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cove, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/727966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparing the microbial communities of natural and supplemental nests of an endangered ecosystem engineer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rough substrates constrain walking speed in ants through modulation of stride frequency and not stride length 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural terrain is rarely flat. Substrate irregularities challenge walking animals to maintain stability, yet we lack quantitative assessments of walking performance and limb kinematics on naturally rough ground. We measured how continually rough 3D-printed substrates influence walking performance of Argentine ants by measuring walking speeds of workers from lab colonies and by testing colony-wide substrate preference in field experiments. Tracking limb motion in over 8,000 videos, we used statistical models that associate walking speed with limb kinematic parameters to compare movement over flat versus rough ground. We found that rough substrates reduced preferred and peak walking speeds by up to 42% and that ants actively avoided rough terrain in the field. Observed speed reductions were modulated primarily by shifts in stride frequency and not stride length, a pattern consistent across flat and rough substrates. Modeling revealed that walking speeds on rough substrates were accurately predicted based on flat walking data for over 89% of strides. Those strides that were not well modeled primarily involved limb perturbations, including missteps, active foot repositioning, and slipping. Together these findings relate kinematic mechanisms underlying walking performance on rough terrain to ecologically-relevant measures under field conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clifton, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holway, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gravish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rough substrates constrain walking speed in ants through modulation of stride frequency and not stride length]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing the motivational effects of ethanol in mice using a discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation procedure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlcohol (ethanol) produces both rewarding and aversive effects, and sensitivity to these effects is associated with risk for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Measurement of these motivational effects in animal models is an important but challenging aspect of preclinical research into the neurobiology of AUD. Here, we evaluated whether a discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure can be used to assess both reward-enhancing and aversive responses to ethanol in mice.nnMethodsC57BL/6J mice were surgically implanted with bipolar stimulating electrodes targeting the medial forebrain bundle and trained on a discrete-trial current-intensity ICSS procedure. Mice were tested for changes in response thresholds after various doses of ethanol (0.5 g/kg-1.75 g/kg), using a Latin square design.nnResultsA 1 g/kg dose of ethanol produced a significant reward-enhancement (i.e., lowered response thresholds), whereas a 1.75 g/kg dose produced an aversive effect (elevated response thresholds).nnConclusionsThe discrete-trial current-intensity ICSS procedure is an effective assay for measuring both reward-enhancing responses to ethanol as well as aversive responses in the same animal. This should prove to be a useful tool for assessing the effects of experimental manipulations on the motivational effects of ethanol in mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Der-Avakian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing the motivational effects of ethanol in mice using a discrete-trial current-intensity intracranial self-stimulation procedure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Addition of Genetics to Quantitative MRI Facilitates Earlier Prediction of Dementia: A Non-invasive Alternative to Amyloid Measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlzheimers disease is a major health problem, affecting ~4*5% of people aged 60 and older in 2016 with over 43 million affected globally1. The traditional approach for detection evaluates an individual in the presence of symptoms. However, it has been established that amyloid deposits begin to accumulate years before symptoms begin to appear2,3. With improved technology, there is increased focus on risk reduction, timely diagnosis, and early intervention. Early identification of at-risk individuals may enable patients and their families to better prepare for and reduce the impact of this condition.nnMethodsWe obtained data for patients from two longitudinal retrospective cohorts (Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: ADNI and National Alzheimers Coordinating Center: NACC), including T1-weighted MRI and genetics data. The polygenic risk score (PRS) used in this study was built based on a published Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) that identified variants associated with Alzheimers disease. Quantitative MRI features were obtained using a 3D U-Net neural network for brain segmentation. Cox proportional hazards (CPH) regression models were used with subjects censored at death or the last evaluation. Time-to-event was defined as the time it takes for an individual who is dementia-free at the baseline MRI to progress to dementia as defined by the criteria described by ADNI. Time-dependent ROC areas under curve (AUCs) were estimated in the presence of censored data. The time-dependent AUCs were compared among models using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for dependent samples. Data was binned into three groups according to survival probability to eight years after baseline and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the probability of surviving at least to time t. Calibration for both training and validation cohorts was evaluated using the predicted survival probability, splitting samples into five risk groups of equal size based on the predicted survival probability.nnFindingsWe developed a model that predicts the onset of dementia over an eight-year time window in individuals with genetics data and a T1-weighted MRI who were dementia-free at baseline. We then validated the model in an independent multisite cohort.nnWe observed that models using PRS in addition to MRI-derived features performed significantly better as measured by time-varying AUC up to eight years in both the training (p = 0*0071) and validation (p = 0*050) cohorts. We observed improved performance of the two modalities versus MRI alone when compared with more invasive amyloid measures. The combined MRI and PRS model showed equivalent performance to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) amyloid measurement up to eight years prior to disease onset (p = 0*181) and while the MRI only model performed worse (p = 0*040). Finally, we compared to amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) three to four years prior to disease onset with favorable results.nnInterpretationOur finding suggests that the two modalities are complementary measures, in that MRI reflects near-term decline and the addition of genetics extends the prediction scope of quantitative MRI by adding additional long-term predictive power.nnThe proposed multimodal model shows potential as an alternate solution for early risk assessment given the concordance with CSF amyloid and amyloid PET. Future work will include further comparison with amyloid PET (greater than four years) and with CSF (greater than eight years) as additional long-term data becomes available. Also, the model will be evaluated for its clinical utility in the "active surveillance" of individuals who may be concerned about their risk of developing dementia but are not yet eligible for assessment by amyloid PET or CSF.nnRESEARCH IN CONTEXTnnEvidence before this studyThe most significant known genetic factor in Alzheimers disease (AD) is the {varepsilon}4 allele for the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. Carriers of the allele have a three-fold increased risk of developing AD, whereas individuals who are homozygous have a 15-fold increased risk. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many additional genetic variants that are associated with AD. Recent studies have shown that the risk for AD is better predicted by combining effects from several genetic variants into "polygenic risk scores" (PRS). Studies have also demonstrated that the age of onset for AD is better predicted using PRS rather than APOE status alone. Regional brain atrophy, as measured using volumetric MRI, is also an important biomarker for evaluating an individuals risk of developing dementia. Previous predictions have shown that medial temporal lobe atrophy, as measured by a Hippocampal Occupancy Score (HOC) is highly associated with progression from MCI to AD.nnAdded value of this studyIn the proposed model, the addition of genetics to MRI data lengthens the time over which the model can predict onset of dementia. The two measures appear to be complementary, with MRI showing near-term decline and genetics providing additional predictive power in the long-term. When compared to more invasive measures of amyloid, which have been shown to have long-term predictive power, we observed equivalent performance to CSF amyloid up to 8 years prior to disease onset and equivalent performance to amyloid PET three to four years prior to disease onset.nnImplications of all the available evidenceAlthough MRI remains relatively expensive, it is less expensive, less invasive, more accessible, and more commonly available than amyloid PET. Furthermore, MRI is already part of standard clinical practice and this model may be applied to standard clinical MRIs with no additional acquisition required. A recent survey of patients and their caregivers has highlighted a desire for access to better diagnostics, such as amyloid PET, to aid them in long-term legal, financial and healthcare planning. Our model, given the concordance with CSF and amyloid PET could be an alternate solution to fulfill this need. Furthermore, our model could facilitate the "active surveillance" of individuals who are high-risk and thereby enhance the possibility of early intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulsara, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iranmehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dadakova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tkach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shomorony, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garst, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heister, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bureeva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delport, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karow, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swisher, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Addition of Genetics to Quantitative MRI Facilitates Earlier Prediction of Dementia: A Non-invasive Alternative to Amyloid Measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/733576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Proteome Project Mass Spectrometry Data Interpretation Guidelines 3.0 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/733576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Human Proteome Organizations (HUPO) Human Proteome Project (HPP) developed Mass Spectrometry (MS) Data Interpretation Guidelines that have been applied since 2016. These guidelines have helped ensure that the emerging draft of the complete human proteome is highly accurate and with low numbers of false-positive protein identifications. Here, we describe an update to these guidelines based on consensus-reaching discussions with the wider HPP community over the past year. The revised 3.0 guidelines address several major and minor identified gaps. We have added guidelines for emerging data independent acquisition (DIA) MS workflows and for use of the new Universal Spectrum Identifier (USI) system being developed by the HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI). In addition, we discuss updates to the standard HPP pipeline for collecting MS evidence for all proteins in the HPP, including refinements to minimum evidence. We present a new plan for incorporating MassIVE-KB into the HPP pipeline for the next (HPP 2020) cycle in order to obtain more comprehensive coverage of public MS data sets. The main checklist has been reorganized under headings and subitems and related guidelines have been grouped. In sum, Version 2.1 of the HPP MS Data Interpretation Guidelines has served well and this timely update to version 3.0 will aid the HPP as it approaches its goal of collecting and curating MS evidence of translation and expression for all predicted [~]20,000 human proteins encoded by the human genome.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=134 SRC="FIGDIR/small/733576v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (18K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8765f2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@136235aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14aef76org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@af33d2_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overall, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moritz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corrales, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orchard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eyk, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paik, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weintraub, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenbrouck, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omenn, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/733576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Proteome Project Mass Spectrometry Data Interpretation Guidelines 3.0]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection and quantification of GPCR mRNA: An assessment and implications of data from high-content methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/734863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors and targets for approved drugs. Analysis of GPCR expression is thus important for drug discovery and typically involves mRNA-based methods. We compared transcriptomic cDNA [Affymetrix] microarrays, RNA-seq and qPCR-based TaqMan arrays for their ability to detect and quantify expression of endoGPCRs (non-chemosensory GPCRs with endogenous agonists). In human pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts, RNA-seq and TaqMan arrays yielded closely correlated values for GPCR number (~100) and expression levels, as validated by independent qPCR. By contrast, the microarrays failed to identify ~30 such GPCRs and generated data poorly correlated with results from those methods. RNA-seq and TaqMan arrays also yielded comparable results for GPCRs in human cardiac fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells, cancer cell lines and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. The magnitude of mRNA expression for several Gq/11-coupled GPCRs predicted cytosolic calcium increase and cell migration by cognate agonists. RNA-seq also revealed splice variants for endoGPCRs. Thus, RNA-seq and qPCR-based arrays are better suited than microarrays for assessing GPCR expression and can yield results predictive of functional responses--findings that have implications for GPCR biology and drug discovery.nnAbstract GraphicnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=168 SRC="FIGDIR/small/734863v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (21K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a47e41org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5ce56corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@da5330org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18b8215_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sriram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiley, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorr, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmeron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marucut, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Insel, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/734863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection and quantification of GPCR mRNA: An assessment and implications of data from high-content methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/736165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A BULK-SURFACE REACTION MODEL FOR MEMBRANE-PROTEIN CLUSTERING 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/736165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein aggregation on the plasma membrane (PM) is of critical importance to many cellular processes such as cell adhesion, endocytosis, fibrillar conformation, and vesicle transport. Lateral diffusion of protein aggregates or clusters on the surface of the PM plays an important role in governing their heterogeneous surface distribution. However, the stability behavior of the surface distribution of protein aggregates remains poorly understood. Therefore, understanding the spatial patterns that can emerge on the PM solely through protein-protein interaction, lateral diffusion, and feedback is an important step towards a complete description of the mechanisms behind protein clustering on the cell surface. In this work, we investigate the pattern formation of a reaction-diffusion model that describes the dynamics of a system of ligand-receptor complexes. The purely diffusive ligand in the cytosol can bind receptors in the PM, and the resultant ligand-receptor complexes not only diffuse laterally but can also form clusters resulting in different oligomers. Finally, the largest oligomers recruit ligands from the cytosol in a positive feedback. From a methodological viewpoint, we provide theoretical estimates for diffusion-driven instabilities of the protein aggregates based on the Turing mechanism. Our main result is a threshold phenomenon, in which a sufficiently high recruitment of ligands promotes the input of new monomeric components and consequently drives the formation of a single-patch spatially heterogeneous steady-state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stolerman, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Getz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llewellyn Smith, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/736165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A BULK-SURFACE REACTION MODEL FOR MEMBRANE-PROTEIN CLUSTERING]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Learning-Based Point-Scanning Super-Resolution Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/740548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Point scanning imaging systems (e.g. scanning electron or laser scanning confocal microscopes) are perhaps the most widely used tools for high resolution cellular and tissue imaging. Like all other imaging modalities, the resolution, speed, sample preservation, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of point scanning systems are difficult to optimize simultaneously. In particular, point scanning systems are uniquely constrained by an inverse relationship between imaging speed and pixel resolution. Here we show these limitations can be mitigated via the use of deep learning-based super-sampling of undersampled images acquired on a point-scanning system, which we termed point-scanning super-resolution (PSSR) imaging. Oversampled, high SNR ground truth images acquired on scanning electron or Airyscan laser scanning confocal microscopes were  crappified to generate semi-synthetic training data for PSSR models that were then used to restore real-world undersampled images. Remarkably, our EM PSSR model could restore undersampled images acquired with different optics, detectors, samples, or sample preparation methods in other labs. PSSR enabled previously unattainable 2 nm resolution images with our serial block face scanning electron microscope system. For fluorescence, we show that undersampled confocal images combined with a multiframe PSSR model trained on Airyscan timelapses facilitates Airyscan-equivalent spatial resolution and SNR with [~]100x lower laser dose and 16x higher frame rates than corresponding high-resolution acquisitions. In conclusion, PSSR facilitates point-scanning image acquisition with otherwise unattainable resolution, speed, and sensitivity.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=116 SRC="FIGDIR/small/740548v8_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (90K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fbf19aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b2cc88org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@921e1corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f6c5af_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monroe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novak, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiavon, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubota, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendenhall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/740548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Learning-Based Point-Scanning Super-Resolution Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared Genetic Risk between Eating Disorder- and Substance-Use-Related Phenotypes: Evidence from Genome-Wide Association Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/741512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; q<0.0001), and cannabis initiation and AN with binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to -0.23; qs<0.04). The genetic correlation between AUD and AN was no longer significant after co-varying for MDD loci. The patterns of association between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes highlights the potentially complex and substance-specific relationships between these behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munn-Chernoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medland, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspar, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryois, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leppa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattheisen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ripke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giusti-Rodriguez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanscombe, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alredsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ando, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrettini, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehm, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boraska Perica, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buehren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burghardt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clementi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courtet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Zwaan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedoussis, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degortes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeSocio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/741512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared Genetic Risk between Eating Disorder- and Substance-Use-Related Phenotypes: Evidence from Genome-Wide Association Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of the brain functional architecture of psychostimulant withdrawal using single-cell whole brain imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous brain regions have been identified as contributing to addiction-like behaviors, but unclear is the way in which these brain regions as a whole lead to addiction. The search for a final common brain pathway that is involved in addiction remains elusive. To address this question, we used male C57BL/6J mice and performed single-cell whole-brain imaging of neural activity during withdrawal from cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine. We used hierarchical clustering and graph theory to identify similarities and differences in brain functional architecture. Although methamphetamine and cocaine shared some network similarities, the main common neuroadaptation between these psychostimulant drugs was a dramatic decrease in modularity, with a shift from a cortical- to subcortical-driven network, including a decrease in total hub brain regions. These results demonstrate that psychostimulant withdrawal produces the drug-dependent remodeling of functional architecture of the brain and suggest that the decreased modularity of brain functional networks and not a specific set of brain regions may represent the final common pathway that leads to addiction.nnSignificance StatementA key aspect of treating drug abuse is understanding similarities and differences of how drugs of abuse affect the brain. In the present study we examined how the brain is altered during withdrawal from psychostimulants. We found that each drug produced a unique pattern of activity in the brain, but that brains in withdrawal from cocaine and methamphetamine shared similar features. Interestingly, we found the major common link between withdrawal from all psychostimulants, when compared to controls, was a shift in the broad organization of the brain in the form of reduced modularity. Reduced modularity has been shown in several brain disorders, including traumatic brain injury, and dementia, and may be the common link between drugs of abuse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collazo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/743799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the brain functional architecture of psychostimulant withdrawal using single-cell whole brain imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental sensing in dynamic quorum responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell communication and coordinated cell behavior are hallmarks of multicellular behavior of living systems. However, in many cases, including the ancient and archetypal example of bacterial quorum sensing, the meaning of the communicated information remains a subject of debate. It is commonly assumed that quorum sensing encodes the information on the current state of the colony, including cell density and physical colony confinement. Here, we show that quorum sensing can also be exquisitely sensitive to dynamic changes in the environment, including fluctuations of the prevailing nutrient source. We propose a new signaling mechanism accounting for this sensory capability. This mechanism combines regulation by the commonly studied lux operon-encoded network with the environmentally determined balance of protein synthesis and dilution rates, dependent on the rate of cell proliferation. This regulatory mechanism accounts for observed complex spatial distribution of quorum responses, and emergence of sophisticated processing of dynamic inputs, including temporal thresholds and persistent partial induction following a transient change in the environmental conditions. We further show that, in this context, cell communication in quorum sensing acquires a new meaning: education of cells within a population about the past history of transient exposure to adverse conditions by a subset of induced cells. In combination, these signaling and communication features may endow a cell population with increased fitness in diverse fluctuating environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental sensing in dynamic quorum responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoluciferase-based Method for Detecting Gene Expression in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic reporters such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) can facilitate measurement of promoter activity and gene expression. However, GFP and other fluorophores have limited sensitivity, particularly in tissues that autofluoresce like the intestine of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we present a highly sensitive Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc)-based method in multi-well format to detect constitutive and inducible gene expression in C. elegans. We optimize detection of bioluminescent signal from NanoLuc in C. elegans and show that it can be detected at 400,000-fold over background in a population of 100 animals expressing intestinal NanoLuc driven by the vha-6 promoter. We can reliably detect signal in single vha-6p::Nanoluc-expressing worms from all developmental stages. Furthermore, we can detect signal from 1/100 dilution of lysate from a single vha-6p::Nanoluc-expressing adult and from a single vha-6p::Nanoluc-expressing adult "hidden" in a pool of 5,000 N2 wild-type animals. We also optimized various steps of this protocol, which involves a lysis step that can be performed in minutes. As a proof of concept, we used NanoLuc to monitor promoter activity of the pals-5 stress/immune reporter and we were able to measure 300 and 50-fold increased NanoLuc activity after proteasome blockade and infection with microsporidia, respectively. Altogether, these results indicate that NanoLuc provides a highly sensitive genetic reporter for rapidly monitoring gene expression in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sfarcic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoluciferase-based Method for Detecting Gene Expression in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photo-Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Confronted with the rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment strategies for drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we present an unconventional approach to restore the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics via photo-disassembly of functional membrane microdomains. The photo-disassembly of microdomains is based on effective photolysis of staphyloxanthin, the golden carotenoid pigment that gives its name. Upon pulsed laser treatment, cell membranes are found severely disorganized and malfunctioned to defense antibiotics, as unveiled by membrane permeabilization, membrane fluidification, and detachment of membrane protein, PBP2a. Consequently, our photolysis approach increases susceptibility and inhibits development of resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics including penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, lipopeptides, and oxazolidinones.nnOne Sentence SummaryUsing photons to crash S. aureus cell membrane and its formidable defense against a broad spectrum of antibiotics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, P.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulloa, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jusuf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seleem, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photo-Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/751040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactions across life stages and thermal tolerance plasticity in Tigriopus californicus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/751040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In response to rapid environmental change, organisms rely on both genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to adjust key traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Given the accelerating rate of climate change, plasticity may be particularly important. For organisms in warming aquatic habitats, upper thermal tolerance is likely to be a key trait, and many organisms express plasticity in this trait in response to developmental or adulthood temperatures. Although plasticity at one life stage may influence plasticity at another life stage, relatively little is known about these interactive effects for thermal tolerance. Here we used locally adapted populations of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus to investigate these interactions in a marine ectotherm. We found that low latitude populations had greater critical thermal maxima (CTmax) than high latitude populations, and variation in developmental temperature altered CTmax plasticity in adulthood. After development at 25{degrees}C, CTmax was plastic in adults, whereas no adult plasticity in this trait was observed after 20{degrees}C development. This pattern was identical across four populations, suggesting that local thermal adaptation has not shaped this interactive effect. However, differences in the capacities to maintain ATP synthesis rates and to induce heat shock proteins at high temperatures, two likely mechanisms of local adaptation in this species, were consistent with changes in CTmax due to developmental temperatures, suggesting there is mechanistic overlap between plastic interactions and adaptation in general. These results indicate that interactive effects of plasticity across life stages may have substantial impacts on upper thermal tolerance in ectothermic organisms.nnSummary statementDevelopmental temperatures alter the plasticity of thermal limits in adults of a marine ectotherm, and differences in ATP synthesis rate and heat shock protein expression parallel the changes in tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Healy, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/751040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactions across life stages and thermal tolerance plasticity in Tigriopus californicus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/755025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans produces strain-specific antibiotics that impair commensal colonization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/755025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus mutans is a common constituent of dental plaque and an etiologic agent of dental caries (tooth decay). Here we elucidate a biosynthetic pathway, encoded by globally distributed strains of S. mutans, which produces a series of bioactive small molecules including reutericyclin and two N-acyl tetramic acid analogues active against oral commensal bacteria. This pathway may provide S. mutans with a competitive advantage, promoting dysbiosis and caries pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaBonte, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/755025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans produces strain-specific antibiotics that impair commensal colonization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/757534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normal human lymph node T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells accessed via fine needle aspirations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/757534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germinal centers (GC) are critically important for the maturation of the antibody response and the generation of memory B cells, which are the basis for long-term protection from pathogens. Germinal centers only occur in lymphoid tissue, such as lymph nodes, and are not present in blood. Therefore, cells of the germinal center, including GC B cells and GC T follicular helper (TFH) cells, are not well-studied in humans under normal healthy conditions, due to the limited availability of healthy lymph node samples. We used a minimally invasive, routine clinical procedure, lymph node fine needle aspirations (LN FNAs), to obtain lymph node cells from healthy human subjects to establish benchmarks of GC cells under noninflammatory conditions. This study of 50 lymph nodes demonstrates that human LN FNAs are a safe and feasible technique for immunological research, and defines benchmarks for human GC biology. The findings indicate that assessment of the GC response via LN FNAs will have application to the study of human vaccination, allergy, and autoimmune disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Havenar-Daughton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zare, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasteh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/757534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normal human lymph node T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells accessed via fine needle aspirations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/758375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Example Based Hebbian Learning may be sufficient to support Human Intelligence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/758375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this hypothesis paper we argue that when driven by example behavior, a simple Hebbian learning mechanism can form the core of a computational theory of learning that can support both low level learning and the development of human level intelligence. We show that when driven by example behavior Hebbian learning rules can support semantic, episodic and procedural memory. For humans, we hypothesize that the abilities to manipulate an off-line world model and to abstract using language allow for the generation and communication of rich example behavior, and thereby support human learning and a gradual increase of collective human intelligence across generations. We also compare the properties of Example Based Hebbian (EBH) learning with those of backpropagation-based learning and argue that the EBH mechanism is more consistent with observed characteristics of human learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/758375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Example Based Hebbian Learning may be sufficient to support Human Intelligence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/759753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A two-stage approach to identifying and validating modifiable factors for the prevention of depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/759753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAlthough depression is recognized as the leading cause of disability worldwide, decades of research have identified few actionable preventive factors. Using phenotypic and genomic data from the UK Biobank, we took advantage of a unique opportunity to screen a wide range of potentially modifiable factors that could offset known risk factors for depression.nnMethodsWe curated baseline data on more than 100 lifestyle and environmental factors in participants lives, including behavioral (e.g., exercise, sleep, media use, diet), social (e.g., support, activities), and environmental (e.g., greenspace, pollution) variables. In a follow-up survey, participants reported on their traumatic life experiences and mental health, including depression. Polygenic risk scores for depression were generated based on large-scale genome-wide association results. Excluding those meeting criteria for depression at baseline, we identified at-risk individuals at high predicted probability (> 90th percentile) for clinically significant depression at follow-up based on their (i) polygenic risk, or (ii) reported traumatic life events. Using a factors-wide design corrected for multiple testing and adjusted for potential confounders, we identified modifiable factors associated with follow-up depression in the full sample and among at-risk individuals. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design, we then examined which significant factors showed potential causal influences on depression risk, or vice versa.nnResultsA range of baseline modifiable factors were prospectively associated with follow-up depression, including factors related to social engagement, physical activity, media use, and diet. MR follow-up analyses provided further support for the effects of social support-seeking, TV use, and other factors on depression risk.nnConclusionAs the field increasingly quantifies the role of genetic factors in complex conditions such as depression, knowledge of modifiable factors that could offset ones genetic risk has become highly relevant. Here, we present an approach to screening for potentially modifiable factors that may offset the risk of depression in general and among at-risk individuals. In light of the burden of disease associated with depression and the urgent need for actionable preventive strategies, this approach could help prioritize candidates for follow-up studies including clinical trials for depression prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratanatharathorn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheutlin, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>23andMe Research Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoller, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/759753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A two-stage approach to identifying and validating modifiable factors for the prevention of depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ODORANT RECEPTOR INHIBITION IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ODOR ENCODING 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most natural odors are complex mixtures of many volatile components, competing to bind odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) of the nose. To date surprisingly little is known about how OR antagonism shapes neuronal representations in the periphery of the olfactory system. Here, we investigated its prevalence, the degree to which it disrupts OR ensemble activity, and its conservation across related ORs. Calcium imaging microscopy of dissociated OSNs revealed significant inhibition, often complete attenuation, of responses to indole, a commonly occurring volatile associated with both floral and fecal odors, by a set of 36 tested odorants. To confirm an OR mechanism for the observed inhibition, we performed single-cell transcriptomics on OSNs that exhibited specific response profiles to a diagnostic panel of odorants and identified the receptor Olfr743 which, when tested in vitro, recapitulated ex vivo responses. We screened ten ORs from the Olfr743 clade with 800 perfumery-related odorants spanning a range of chemical scaffolds and functional groups, over half of which (430) antagonized at least one of the ten ORs. Furthermore, OR activity outcomes were divergent rather than redundant, even for the most closely related paralogs. OR activity fitted a mathematical model of competitive receptor binding and suggests that normalization of OSN ensemble responses to odorant mixtures is the rule rather than the exception. In summary, we observed OR antagonism, inverse agonism and partial agonism occurring frequently and in a combinatorial manner. Thus, extensive receptor-mediated computation of mixture information appears to occur in the olfactory epithelium prior to transmission of odor information to the olfactory bulb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfister, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brann, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trimmer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyave, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raps, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterlin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergassola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/760033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ODORANT RECEPTOR INHIBITION IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ODOR ENCODING]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The PAR2 signal peptide prevents premature receptor cleavage and activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/760769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike closely related GPCRs, protease-activated receptors (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4) have a predicted signal peptide at their N-terminus, which is encoded by a separate exon, suggesting that the signal peptides of PARs may serve an important and unique function, specific for PARs. In this report, we show that the PAR2 signal peptide, when fused to the N-terminus of IgG-Fc, effectively induced IgG-Fc secretion into culture medium, thus behaving like a classical signal peptide. The presence of PAR2 signal peptide has a strong effect on PAR2 cell surface expression, as deletion of the signal peptide (PAR2{Delta}SP) led to dramatic reduction of the cell surface expression and decreased responses to trypsin or the synthetic peptide ligand (SLIGKV). However, further deletion of the tethered ligand region (SLIGKV) at the N-terminus rescued the cell surface receptor expression and the response to the synthetic peptide ligand, suggesting that the signal peptide of PAR2 may be involved in preventing PAR2 from intracellular protease activation before reaching the cell surface. Supporting this hypothesis, an Arg36Ala mutation on PAR2{Delta}SP, which disabled the trypsin activation site, increased the receptor cell surface expression and the response to ligand stimulation. Similar effects were observed when PAR2{Delta}SP expressing cells were treated with protease inhibitors. Our findings indicated that these is a role of the PAR2 signal peptide in preventing the premature activation of PAR2 from intracellular protease cleavage before reaching the cells surface. The same mechanism may also apply to PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deming, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Towne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovenberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/760769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The PAR2 signal peptide prevents premature receptor cleavage and activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/763938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interplay between persistent activity and activity-silent dynamics in prefrontal cortex during working memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/763938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Persistent neuronal spiking has long been considered the mechanism underlying working memory, but recent proposals argue for alternative, "activity-silent" substrates for memory. Using monkey and human electrophysiology, we show here that attractor dynamics that control neural spiking during mnemonic periods interact with activity-silent mechanisms in PFC. This interaction allows memory reactivation, which enhance serial biases in spatial working memory. Stimulus information was not decodable between trials, but remained present in activity-silent traces inferred from spiking synchrony in PFC. Just prior to the new stimulus, this latent trace was reignited into activity that recapitulated the previous stimulus representation. Importantly, the reactivation strength correlated with the strength of serial biases in both monkeys and humans, as predicted by a computational model integrating activity-based and activity-silent mechanisms. Finally, single-pulse TMS applied to human prefrontal cortex prior to trial start enhanced serial biases, demonstrating the causal role of prefrontal reactivations in determining working memory behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valls-Sole, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constantinidis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/763938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interplay between persistent activity and activity-silent dynamics in prefrontal cortex during working memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Characterization of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large US Military Veteran Sample 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/764001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals vary in their liability to develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the symptoms of which are highly heterogeneous, following exposure to life-threatening trauma. Understanding genetic factors that contribute to the biology of PTSD is critical for refining diagnosis and developing new treatments. Using genetic data from more than 250,000 participants in the Million Veteran Program, genomewide association analyses were conducted using a validated electronic health record-based algorithmically-defined PTSD diagnosis phenotype (48,221 cases and 217,223 controls), and PTSD quantitative symptom phenotypes (212,007 individuals). We identified several genome-wide significant loci in the case-control analyses, and numerous such loci in the quantitative trait analyses, including some (e.g., MAD1L1; TCF4; CRHR1) that were associated with multiple symptom sub-domains and total symptom score, and others that were more specific to certain symptom sub-domains (e.g., CAMKV to re-experiencing; SOX6 to hyperarousal). Genetic correlations between all pairs of symptom sub-domains and their total were very high (rg 0.93 - 0.98) supporting validity of the PTSD diagnostic construct. We also demonstrate strong shared heritability with a range of traits, show that heritability persists when conditioned on other major psychiatric disorders, present independent replication results, provide support for one of the implicated genes in postmortem brain of individuals with PTSD, and use this information to identify potential drug repositioning candidates. These results point to the utility of genetics to inform and validate the biological coherence of the PTSD syndrome despite considerable heterogeneity at the symptom level, and to provide new directions for treatment development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stein, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levey, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendt, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girgenti, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y.-L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PTSD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traumatic Stress Brain Research Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VA Million Veteran Program,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VA Cooperative Studies Program,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duman, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polimanti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concato, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelernter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/764001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Characterization of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large US Military Veteran Sample]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Artifact-free whole-slide imaging with structured illumination microscopy and Bayesian image reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundStructured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a method which can be used to image biological samples and can achieve both optical sectioning and super-resolution effects. Optimization of the imaging setup and data processing methods results in high quality images without artifacts due to mosaicking or due to the use of SIM methods. Reconstruction methods based on Bayesian estimation can be used to produce images with a resolution beyond that dictated by the optical system.nnFindingsFive complete datasets are presented including large panoramic SIM images of human tissues in pathophysiological conditions. Cancers of the prostate, skin, ovary, and breast, as well as tuberculosis of the lung, were imaged using SIM. The samples are available commercially and are standard histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin.nnConclusionThe use of fluorescence microscopy is increasing in histopathology. There is a need for methods which reduce artifacts when employing image stitching methods or optical sectioning methods such as SIM. Stitched SIM images produce results which may be useful for intraoperative histology. Releasing high quality, full slide images and related data will aid researchers in furthering the field of fluorescent histopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/765396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Artifact-free whole-slide imaging with structured illumination microscopy and Bayesian image reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physiology-forward identification of bile acid sensitive vomeronasal receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryThe mouse accessory olfactory system (AOS) supports social and reproductive behavior through the sensation of environmental chemosignals. A growing number of excreted steroids have been shown to be potent AOS cues, including bile acids (BAs) found in feces. As is still the case with most AOS ligands, the specific receptors used by vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) to detect BAs remain unknown. To identify VSN BA receptors, we first performed a deep analysis of VSN BA tuning using volumetric GCaMP6f/s Ca2+ imaging. These experiments revealed both broadly and narrowly tuned populations of BA-receptive VSNs with sub-micromolar sensitivities. We then developed a new physiology-forward approach for identifying AOS ligand-receptor interactions, which we call Fluorescence Live Imaging for Cell Capture and RNA-seq, or FLICCR-seq. FLICCR-seq analysis revealed 5 specific V1R-family receptors enriched in BA-sensitive VSNs. These studies introduce a powerful new approach for ligand-receptor matching and reveal biological mechanisms underlying mammalian BA chemosensation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, W. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon Mercado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautron, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meeks, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physiology-forward identification of bile acid sensitive vomeronasal receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordinate Enhancer Reprogramming by GATA3 and AP1 Promotes Phenotypic Plasticity to Achieve Breast Cancer Endocrine Resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquired therapy resistance is a major problem for anticancer treatment, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using an established breast cancer cellular model for endocrine resistance, we show that hormone resistance is associated with enhanced phenotypic plasticity, indicated by a general downregulation of luminal/epithelial differentiation markers and upregulation of basal/mesenchymal invasive markers. Our extensive omics studies, including GRO-seq on enhancer landscapes, demonstrate that the global enhancer gain/loss reprogramming driven by the differential interactions between ER and other oncogenic transcription factors (TFs), predominantly GATA3 and AP1, profoundly alters breast cancer transcriptional programs. Our functional studies in multiple biological systems including culture and xenograft models of MCF7 and T47D lines support a coordinate role of GATA3 and AP1 in enhancer reprogramming that promotes phenotypic plasticity and endocrine resistance. Collectively, our study implicates that changes in TF-TF and TF-enhancer interactions can lead to genome-wide enhancer reprogramming, resulting in transcriptional dysregulations that promote plasticity and cancer therapy-resistance progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De angelis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marangoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T. H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/767871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordinate Enhancer Reprogramming by GATA3 and AP1 Promotes Phenotypic Plasticity to Achieve Breast Cancer Endocrine Resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetic profiling of metabolic specialists demonstrates stability and consistency of in vivo enzyme turnover numbers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enzyme turnover numbers (kcats) are essential for a quantitative understanding of cells. Because kcats are traditionally measured in low-throughput assays, they are often noisy, non-physiological, inconsistent, and labor-intensive to obtain.nnWe use a data-driven approach to estimate in vivo kcats using metabolic specialist E. coli strains that resulted from gene knockouts in central metabolism followed by metabolic optimization via laboratory evolution. By combining absolute proteomics with fluxomics data, we find that in vivo kcats are robust against genetic perturbations, suggesting that metabolic adaptation to gene loss is mostly achieved through other mechanisms, like gene-regulatory changes. Combining machine learning and genome-scale metabolic models, we show that the obtained in vivo kcats predict unseen proteomics data with much higher precision than in vitro kcats. The results demonstrate that in vivo kcats can solve the problem of noisy and inconsistent parameterizations of cellular models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heckmann, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campeau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/767996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetic profiling of metabolic specialists demonstrates stability and consistency of in vivo enzyme turnover numbers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral host-range evolvability changes in response to fluctuating selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The concept of evolvability (the capacity of populations to evolve) has deep historical roots in evolutionary biology. Interest in the subject has been renewed recently by innovations in microbiology that permit direct tests of the causes of evolvability, and with the acknowledgement that evolvability of pathogens has important implications for human health. Here, we investigate how fluctuating selection on the virus, Bacteriophage {lambda}, affects its evolvability. We imposed dynamic selection by altering the expression of two host outer membrane receptors. This, in turn, selected phage to alternately infect the host via a single, or multiple, receptors. Our selection regime resulted in two orthogonal evolutionary behaviors, namely enhanced or reduced evolvability. Strains with enhanced evolvability readily evolved between receptors, losing and gaining the ability to bind multiple receptors more quickly than the ancestral {lambda}. This suggests the receptor-binding protein retained a genetic memory of past states and that evolutionary history can be used to predict future adaptation. Strains with reduced evolvability were refractory to re-specialization and remained generalists on both receptors. Consistent with this behavior, unevolvable strains had reduced rates of molecular evolution in the receptor-binding protein compared to their evolvable counterparts. We found a single mutation in the receptor-binding protein was sufficient to render these strains resistant to evolution and did so by counteracting a receptor-binding trade-off associated with generalism. In this way, cost-free generalization allowed for reduced evolution and evolvability while maximizing success in both environments. Our results suggest the response to fluctuating selection is contingent and can lead to distinct differences in evolvability. These findings contribute to a growing understanding of the causes and consequences of evolvability and have important implications for infectious disease management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mouchka, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorsey, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malcangio, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/771998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral host-range evolvability changes in response to fluctuating selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) impairs visual working memory performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the increasing prevalence of legal cannabis use and availability, there is an urgent need to identify cognitive impairments related to its use. It is widely believed that cannabis, or its main psychoactive component {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), impairs working memory, i.e., the ability to temporarily hold information in mind. However, our review of the literature yielded surprisingly little empirical support for an effect of THC or cannabis on working memory. We thus conducted a study with 3 main goals: (1) quantify the effect of THC on visual working memory in a well-powered sample (2) test the potential role of cognitive effects (mind wandering and metacognition) in disrupting working memory, and (3) demonstrate how insufficient sample size and task duration reduce the likelihood of detecting a drug effect. We conducted two double-blind, randomized crossover experiments in which healthy adults (N=23, 23) performed a reliable and validated visual working memory task (the "Discrete Whole-Report task", 90 trials) after administration of THC (7.5 and/or 15 mg oral) or placebo. We also assessed self-reported  mind wandering (Exp 1) and metacognitive accuracy about ongoing task performance (Exp 2). THC impaired working memory performance (d = .65), increased mind wandering (Exp 1), and decreased metacognitive accuracy about task performance (Exp 2). Thus, our findings indicate that THC does impair visual working memory, and that this impairment may be related to both increased mind-wandering and decreased monitoring of task performance. Finally, we used a down-sampling procedure to illustrate the effects of task length and sample size on power to detect the acute effect of THC on working memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam, K. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doss, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Wit, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/778068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) impairs visual working memory performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signaling Diversity Enabled by Rap1-Regulated Plasma Membrane ERK with Distinct Temporal Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A variety of different signals induce specific responses through a common, ERK-dependent kinase cascade. It has been suggested that signaling specificity can be achieved through precise temporal regulation of ERK activity. Given the wide distrubtion of ERK susbtrates across different subcellular compartments, it is important to understand how ERK activity is temporally regulated at specific subcellular locations. To address this question, we have expanded the toolbox of FRET-based ERK biosensors by creating a series of improved biosensors targeted to various subcellular regions via sequence specific motifs to measure spatiotemporal changes in ERK enzymatic activity. Using these sensors, we showed that EGF induces sustained ERK activity near the plasma membrane in sharp contrast to the transient activity observed in the cytopolasm and nucleus. Furthermore, EGF-induced plasma membrane ERK activity involves Rap1, a noncanonical activator, and controls cell morphology and EGF-induced membrane protrusion dynamics. Our work strongly supports that spatial and temporal regulation of ERK activity is integrated to control signaling specificity from a single extracellular signal to multiple cellular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keyes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganesan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinar-Inglis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamidzadeh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signaling Diversity Enabled by Rap1-Regulated Plasma Membrane ERK with Distinct Temporal Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Missense Point Mutation in Nerve Growth Factor (NGFR100W) Results in Selective Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A missense point mutation in nerve growth factor (NGFR100W) is associated with hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy V (HSAN V), originally discovered in a Swedish family. These patients develop severe loss of perception to deep pain but with apparently normal cognitive functions. To better understand the disease mechanism, we have generated the first NGFR100W knockin mouse model of HSAN V. Mice homozygous for the NGFR100W mutation (NGFfln/fln) showed significant structural deficits in intra-epidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) at birth. These mice had a total loss of pain perception at [~]2 months of age and they often failed to survive to full adulthood. Heterozygous mice (NGF+/fln) developed a progressive degeneration of small sensory fibers both behaviorally and functionally: they showed a progressive loss of IENFs starting at the age of 9 months accompanied with progressive loss of perception to painful stimuli such as noxious temperature. Quantitative analysis of lumbar 4/5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) revealed a significant reduction in small size neurons positive for calcitonin gene-related peptide, while analysis of sciatic nerve fibers revealed the mutant NGF+/fln mice had no reduction in myelinated nerve fibers. Significantly, the amount of NGF secreted from fibroblasts were reduced in heterozygous and homozygous mice compared to their wild-type littermates. Interestingly, NGF+/fln showed no apparent structural alteration in the brain: neither the anterior cingulate cortex nor the medial septum including NGF-dependent basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Accordingly, these animals did not develop appreciable deficits in tests for central nervous system function. Our study provides novel insights into the selective impact of NGFR100W mutation on the development and function of the peripheral sensory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uber, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guillory, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orain, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolivalt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calcutt, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/784660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Missense Point Mutation in Nerve Growth Factor (NGFR100W) Results in Selective Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prefrontal high-gamma in ECoG tags periodicity of musical rhythms in perception and imagination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/784991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhythmic auditory stimuli are known to elicit matching activity patterns in neural populations. Furthermore, recent research has established the particular importance of high-gamma brain activity in auditory processing by showing its involvement in auditory phrase segmentation and envelope-tracking. Here, we use electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from eight human listeners, to see whether periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the envelope of musical rhythms during rhythm perception and imagination. Rhythm imagination was elicited by instructing participants to imagine the rhythm to continue during pauses of several repetitions. To identify electrodes whose periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the musical rhythms, we compute the correlation between the autocorrelations (ACC) of both the musical rhythms and the neural signals. A condition in which participants listened to white noise was used to establish a baseline. High-gamma autocorrelations in auditory areas in the superior temporal gyrus and in frontal areas on both hemispheres significantly matched the autocorrelation of the musical rhythms. Overall, numerous significant electrodes are observed on the right hemisphere. Of particular interest is a large cluster of electrodes in the right prefrontal cortex that is active during both rhythm perception and imagination. This indicates conscious processing of the rhythms structure as opposed to mere auditory phenomena. The ACC approach clearly highlights that high-gamma activity measured from cortical electrodes tracks both attended and imagined rhythms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herff, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milne, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krusienski, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/784991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prefrontal high-gamma in ECoG tags periodicity of musical rhythms in perception and imagination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/786236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Based Function Prediction using Graph Convolutional Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/786236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The large number of available sequences and the diversity of protein functions challenge current experimental and computational approaches to determining and predicting protein function. We present a deep learning Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for predicting protein functions and concurrently identifying functionally important residues. This model is initially trained using experimentally determined structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) but has significant de-noising capability, with only a minor drop in performance observed when structure predictions are used. We take advantage of this denoising property to train the model on > 200,000 protein structures, including many homology-predicted structures, greatly expanding the reach and applications of the method. Our model learns general structure-function relationships by robustly predicting functions of proteins with [&le;] 40% sequence identity to the training set. We show that our GCN architecture predicts functions more accurately than Convolutional Neural Networks trained on sequence data alone and previous competing methods. Using class activation mapping, we automatically identify structural regions at the residue-level that lead to each function prediction for every confidently predicted protein, advancing site-specific function prediction. We use our method to annotate PDB and SWISS-MODEL proteins, making several new confident function predictions spanning both fold and function classifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gligorijevic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renfrew, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosciolek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leman, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vatanen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berenberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisk, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonneau, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/786236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Based Function Prediction using Graph Convolutional Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic dysregulation of the lysophospholipid/autotaxin axis in the chromosome 9p21 gene SNP rs10757274 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/789768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimsCommon chromosome 9p21 SNPs increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, independent of "traditional lipid risk factors". However, lipids comprise large numbers of structurally-related molecules not measured in traditional risk measurements, and many have inflammatory bioactivities. Here we applied lipidomic and genomic approaches to three model systems, to characterize lipid metabolic changes in common Chr9p21 SNPs which confer [~]30% elevated CHD risk associated with altered expression of ANRIL, a long ncRNA.nnMethods and ResultsUntargeted and targeted lipidomics was applied to plasma samples from Northwick Park Heart Study II (NPHSII) homozygotes for AA or GG in rs10757274. Elevated risk GG correlated with reduced lysophosphospholipids (lysoPLs), lysophosphatidic acids (lysoPA) and autotaxin (ATX). Five other risk SNPs did not show this phenotype. Correlation and network analysis showed that lysoPL-lysoPA interconversion was uncoupled from ATX in GG, indicating metabolic dysregulation. To identify candidate genes, transcriptomic data from shRNA downregulation of ANRIL in HEK293 cells was mined. Significantly-altered expression of several lysoPL/lysoPA metabolising enzymes was found (MBOAT2, PLA2G4C, LPCAT2, ACSL6, PNPLA2, PLBD1, PLPP1, PLPP2 and PLPPR2). Next, vascular smooth muscle cells differentiated from iPSCs of individuals homozygous for Chr9p21 risk SNPs were examined. Here, the presence of risk alleles was associated with altered expression of several lysoPL/lysoPA enzymes. Importantly, for several, deletion of the risk locus fully or partially reversed their expression to non-risk haplotype levels: ACSL3, DGKA, PLA2G2A, LPCAT2, LPL, PLA2G3, PNPLA3, PLA2G12A LIPC, LCAT, PLA2G6, ACSL1, MBOAT2.nnConclusionA Chr9p21 risk SNP associates with complex alterations in immune-bioactive phospholipids and their enzymatic metabolism. Lipid metabolites and genomic pathways associated with CHD pathogenesis in Chr9p21 and ANRIL-associated disease are demonstrated.nnOne sentence summaryInflammatory phospholipid metabolism defines a cardiovascular disease SNP
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meckelmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawksworth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez Jarreta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyrrell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldrovandi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slatter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphries, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/789768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic dysregulation of the lysophospholipid/autotaxin axis in the chromosome 9p21 gene SNP rs10757274]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of AKAP1 triggers Drp1 dephosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and loss in retinal ganglion cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Impairment of mitochondrial structure and function is strongly linked to glaucoma pathogenesis. Despite the widely appreciated disease relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction and loss, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fragmentation and metabolic stress in glaucoma are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that glaucomatous retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) show loss of A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1), activation of calcineurin (CaN) and reduction of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at serine 637 (Ser637). These findings suggest that AKAP1-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser637 has a critical role in RGC survival in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Male mice lacking AKAP1 show increases of CaN and total Drp1 level, as well as a decrease of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 in the retina. Ultrastructural analysis of mitochondria shows that loss of AKAP1 triggers mitochondrial fragmentation and loss, as well as mitophagosome formation in RGCs. Loss of AKAP1 deregulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes (Cxs) by increasing CxII and decreasing CxIII-V, leading to metabolic and oxidative stress. Also, loss of AKAP1 decreases Akt phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) and threonine 308 (Thr308) and activates the Bim/Bax signaling pathway in the retina. These results suggest that loss of AKAP1 has a critical role in RGC dysfunction by decreasing Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637, deregulating OXPHOS, decreasing Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308, and activating the Bim/Bax pathway in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Thus, we propose that overexpression of AKAP1 or modulation of Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser637 are potential therapeutic strategies for neuroprotective intervention in glaucoma and other mitochondria-related optic neuropathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edwards, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinreb, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zangwill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/790139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of AKAP1 triggers Drp1 dephosphorylation-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and loss in retinal ganglion cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Lipid Elongation Enzyme ELOVL2 is a molecular regulator of aging in the retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylation of the regulatory region of the Elongation Of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-Like 2 (ELOVL2) gene, an enzyme involved in elongation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, is one of the most robust biomarkers of human age, but the critical question of whether ELOVL2 plays a functional role in molecular aging has not been resolved. Here, we report that Elovl2 regulates age-associated functional and anatomical aging in vivo, focusing on mouse retina, with direct relevance to age-related eye diseases. We show that an age-related decrease in Elovl2 expression is associated with increased DNA methylation of its promoter. Reversal of Elovl2 promoter hypermethylation in vivo through intravitreal injection of 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) leads to increased Elovl2 expression and rescue of age-related decline in visual function. Mice carrying a point mutation C234W that disrupts Elovl2-specific enzymatic activity show electrophysiological characteristics of premature visual decline, as well as early appearance of autofluorescent deposits, well-established markers of aging in the mouse retina. Finally, we find deposits underneath the retinal pigment epithelium in Elovl2 mutant mice, containing components of complement system and lipid metabolism. These findings indicate that ELOVL2 activity regulates aging in mouse retina, provide a molecular link between polyunsaturated fatty acids elongation and visual functions, and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of age-related eye diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skowronska-Krawczyk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen Huu, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krawczyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasyani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/795559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Lipid Elongation Enzyme ELOVL2 is a molecular regulator of aging in the retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calcium Imaging Reveals Host-Graft Synaptic Network Formation in Spinal Cord Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural stem/progenitor cell grafts integrate into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) and form anatomical and electrophysiological neuronal relays across lesions. To determine how grafts become synaptically organized and connect with host systems, we performed calcium imaging of neural progenitor cell grafts within sites of SCI, using both in vivo imaging and spinal cord slices. Stem cell grafts organize into localized synaptic networks that are spontaneously active. Following optogenetic stimulation of host corticospinal tract axons regenerating into grafts, distinct and segregated neuronal networks respond throughout the graft. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of graft axons extending out from the lesion into the denervated spinal cord also trigger responses in local host neuronal networks. In vivo imaging reveals that behavioral stimulation of host elicits focal synaptic responses within grafts. Thus, remarkably, neural progenitor cell grafts form functional synaptic subnetworks in patterns paralleling the normal spinal cord.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekiguchi, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takashima, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimmerjahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuszynski, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/795583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calcium Imaging Reveals Host-Graft Synaptic Network Formation in Spinal Cord Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems-level physiology of the human red blood cell is computed from metabolic and macromolecular mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human red blood cell has served as a starting point for the application and development of systems biology approaches due to its simplicity, intrinsic experimental accessibility, and importance in human health applications. Here, we present a multi-scale computational model of the human red blood cell that accounts for the full metabolic network, key proteins (>95% of proteome mass fraction), and several macromolecular mechanisms. Proteomics data are used to place quantitative constraints on individual protein complexes that catalyze metabolic reactions, as well as a total proteome capacity constraint. We explicitly describe molecular mechanisms--such as hemoglobin binding and the formation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species--and takes standard hematological variables (e.g., hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration) as input, allowing for personalized physiological predictions. This model is built from first principles and allows for direct computation of physiologically meaningful quantities such as the oxygen dissociation curve and an accurate computation of the flux state of the metabolic network. More broadly, this work represents an important step toward including the proteome and its function in whole-cell models of human cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yurkovich, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems-level physiology of the human red blood cell is computed from metabolic and macromolecular mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/805010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A survey of spiking activity reveals a functional hierarchy of mouse corticothalamic visual areas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/805010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian visual system, from retina to neocortex, has been extensively studied at both anatomical and functional levels. Anatomy indicates the cortico-thalamic system is hierarchical, but characterization of cellular-level functional interactions across multiple levels of this hierarchy is lacking, partially due to the challenge of simultaneously recording activity across numerous regions. Here, we describe a large, open dataset (part of the Allen Brain Observatory) that surveys spiking from units in six cortical and two thalamic regions responding to a battery of visual stimuli. Using spike cross-correlation analysis, we find that inter-area functional connectivity mirrors the anatomical hierarchy from the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas. Classical functional measures of hierarchy, including visual response latency, receptive field size, phase-locking to a drifting grating stimulus, and autocorrelation timescale are all correlated with the anatomical hierarchy. Moreover, recordings during a visual task support the behavioral relevance of hierarchical processing. Overall, this dataset and the hierarchy we describe provide a foundation for understanding coding and dynamics in the mouse cortico-thalamic visual system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Siegle, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durand, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graddis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luviano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groblewski, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arkhipov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billeh, Y. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buice, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cain, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldejon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chvilicek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denman, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Vries, S. E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galbraith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelfand, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hytnen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jessett, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiggens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecoq, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledochowitsch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mace, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/805010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A survey of spiking activity reveals a functional hierarchy of mouse corticothalamic visual areas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/806539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phytotransferrin endocytosis mediates a direct cell surface-to-chloroplast iron trafficking axis in marine diatoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/806539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron is a biochemically critical metal cofactor in enzymes involved in photosynthesis, cellular respiration, nitrate assimilation, nitrogen fixation, and reactive oxygen species defense. Marine microeukaryotes have evolved a phytotransferrin-based iron uptake system to cope with iron scarcity, a major factor limiting primary productivity in the global ocean. Diatom phytotransferrin is endocytosed, however proteins downstream of this environmentally ubiquitous iron receptor are unknown. We applied engineered ascorbate peroxidase APEX2-based subcellular proteomics to catalog proximal proteins of phytotransferrin in the model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proteins encoded by poorly characterized iron-sensitive genes were identified including three that are expressed from a chromosomal gene cluster. Two of them showed unambiguous colocalization with phytotransferrin adjacent to the chloroplast. Further phylogenetic, domain, and biochemical analyses suggest their involvement in intracellular iron processing. Proximity proteomics holds enormous potential to glean new insights into iron acquisition pathways and beyond in these evolutionarily, ecologically, and biotechnologically important microalgae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turnsek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obornik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bielinski, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/806539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phytotransferrin endocytosis mediates a direct cell surface-to-chloroplast iron trafficking axis in marine diatoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/807347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational approach to identifying universal macrophage biomarker 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/807347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are a type of white blood cell, of the immune system, that engulfs and digests cellular debris, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the type of proteins specific to healthy body cells on its surface. Understanding gene expression dynamics in macrophages are crucial for studying human diseases. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have enabled the collection of immense amounts of biological data. A reliable marker of macrophage is essential to study their function. Traditional approaches use a number of markers that may have tissue specific expression patterns. To identify universal biomarker of macrophage, we used a previously published computational approach called BECC (Boolean Equivalent Correlated Clusters) that was originally used to identify universal cell cycle genes. We performed BECC analysis on a seed gene CD14, a known macrophage marker. FCER1G and TYROBP were among the top candidates which were validated as strong candidates for universal biomarkers for macrophages in human and mouse tissues. To our knowledge, such a finding is first of its kind.nnCONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FIELDWe have developed a computational approach to identify universal biomarkers of different entities in a biological system. We applied this approach to study macrophages and identified universal biomarkers of this particular cell type. FCER1G and TYROBP were among the top candidates which were validated as strong candidates for universal biomarkers for macrophages in human and mouse tissues. The expression patterns of TYROBP and FCER1G are found to be more homogeneous compared to currently used biomarkers such as ITGAM, EMR1 (F4/80), and CD68. Further, we demonstrated that this homogeneity extends to all the tissues currently profiled in the public domain in multiple species including human and mouse. FCER1G and TYROBP expression patterns were also found to be extremely specific to macrophages found in various tissues. They are strongly co-expressed together. We believe that these two genes are the most reliable candidates of universal biomarker for macrophages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prince, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/807347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational approach to identifying universal macrophage biomarker]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/809905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interactions between calmodulin and neurogranin govern the dynamics of CaMKII as a leaky integrator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/809905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has long been known to play an important role in learning and memory as well as long term potentiation (LTP). More recently it has been suggested that it might be involved in the time averaging of synaptic signals, which can then lead to the high precision of information stored at a single synapse. However, the role of the scaffolding molecule, neurogranin (Ng), in governing the dynamics of CaMKII is not yet fully understood. In this work, we adopt a rule-based modeling approach through the Monte Carlo method to study the effect of Ca2+ signals on the dynamics of CaMKII phosphorylation in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Calcium surges are observed in synaptic spines during an EPSP and back-propagating action potential due to the opening of NMDA receptors and voltage dependent calcium channels. We study the differences between the dynamics of phosphorylation of CaMKII monomers and dodecameric holoenzymes. The scaffolding molecule Ng, when present in significant concentration, limits the availability of free calmodulin (CaM), the protein which activates CaMKII in the presence of calcium. We show that it plays an important modulatory role in CaMKII phosphorylation following a surge of high calcium concentration. We find a non-intuitive dependence of this effect on CaM concentration that results from the different affinities of CaM for CaMKII depending on the number of calcium ions bound to the former. It has been shown previously that in the absence of phosphatase CaMKII monomers integrate over Ca2+ signals of certain frequencies through autophosphorylation (Pepke et al, Plos Comp. Bio., 2010). We also study the effect of multiple calcium spikes on CaMKII holoenzyme autophosphorylation, and show that in the presence of phosphatase CaMKII behaves as a leaky integrator of calcium signals, a result that has been recently observed in vivo. Our models predict that the parameters of this leaky integrator are finely tuned through the interactions of Ng, CaM, CaMKII, and PP1. This is a possible mechanism to precisely control the sensitivity of synapses to calcium signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ordyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/809905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interactions between calmodulin and neurogranin govern the dynamics of CaMKII as a leaky integrator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mother machine image analysis with MM3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/810036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mother machine is a microfluidic device for high-throughput time-lapse imaging of microbes. Here, we present MM3, a complete and modular image analysis pipeline. MM3 turns raw mother machine images, both phase contrast and fluorescence, into a data structure containing cells with their measured features. MM3 employs machine learning and non-learning algorithms, and is implemented in Python. MM3 is easy to run as a command line tool with the occasional graphical user interface on a PC or Mac. A typical mother machine experiment can be analyzed within one day. It has been extensively tested, is well documented and publicly available via Github.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sauls, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Treut, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/810036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mother machine image analysis with MM3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hitching a Ride: Mechanics of Organelle Transport Through Linker-Mediated Hitchhiking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In contrast to the canonical picture of transport by direct attachment to motor proteins, recent evidence shows that a number of intracellular  cargos navigate the cytoplasm by hitchhiking on motor-driven  carrier organelles. We describe a quantitative model of intracellular cargo transport via hitchhiking, examining the efficiency of hitchhiking initiation as a function of geometric and mechanical parameters. We focus specifically on the parameter regime relevant to the hitchhiking motion of peroxisome organelles in fungal hyphae. Our work predicts the dependence of transport initiation rates on the distribution of cytoskeletal tracks and carrier organelles, as well as the number, length and flexibility of the linker proteins that mediate contact between the carrier and the hitchhiking cargo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that attaching organelles to microtubules can result in a substantial enhancement of the hitchhiking initiation rate in tubular geometries such as those found in fungal hyphae. This enhancement is expected to increase the overall transport rate of hitchhiking organelles, and lead to greater efficiency in organelle dispersion. Our results leverage a quantitative physical model to highlight the importance of organelle encounter dynamics in non-canonical intracellular transport.nnSIGNIFICANCEA variety of cellular components are transported via hitchhiking by attaching to other motile organelles. Defects in the molecular machinery responsible for organelle hitchhiking may be linked with neurodegenerative disorders. To date, no comprehensive physical models of this non-canonical mode of transport have been developed. In particular, the connection between molecular- and organelle-scale properties of hitchhiking components and their effect on cellular-scale transport has remained unclear. Here, we investigate the mechanics of hitchhiking initiation and explore organelle interactions that can modulate the efficiency of this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mogre, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/811372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hitching a Ride: Mechanics of Organelle Transport Through Linker-Mediated Hitchhiking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Errors associated with compound specific δ15N analysis of amino acids in preserved fish samples purified by high pressure liquid chromatography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compound specific isotopic analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) is increasingly used in ecological and biogeochemical studies tracking the origin and fate of nitrogen (N). Its advantages include the potential for resolving finer-scale trophic dynamics than possible with standard bulk SIA and for reconstructing historical changes in the food webs of consumers from analyses of specimens in preserved sample archives. For the latter, assessing the effects of chemical preservatives on {delta}15NAA has been inconclusive because the conventional CSIA approach for derivatized AAs by gas chromatography - combustion - isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) has analytical errors (0.4 - 1.0 {per thousand}) in the range expected from chemical preservation. Here, we show improved analytical precision (0.15 {+/-} 0.08 {per thousand}) for 11 underivatized AA standards analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography followed by offline elemental analysis - IRMS (HPLC/EA-IRMS), an approach originally developed by Broek and McCarthy (2014). Using this method, we report the first high-precision tests of preservation effects on {delta}15NAA in Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax) kept 1[1/2]-year in ethanol and up to 27-years in formaldehyde. We found minimal methodological induced fractionation for 8 AAs, and preservation effects on {delta}15N were similar regardless of duration and preservative used. Although some of the AAs differed significantly from frozen control samples (average +1.0 {+/-} 0.8 {per thousand}), changes in {delta}15N in the source AA Phenylalanine and trophic position estimates were statistically insignificant. Our results are encouraging for resolving fine-scale natural variability using HPLC/EA-IRMS on chemically preserved specimens and for ultimately reconstructing biogeochemical records and trophic dynamics over long time scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aluwihare, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohman, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/812065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Errors associated with compound specific δ15N analysis of amino acids in preserved fish samples purified by high pressure liquid chromatography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network analyses implicate a role for PHYTOCHROME-mediated light signaling in the regulation of cuticle development in plant leaves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant cuticles are composed of wax and cutin, and evolved in the land plants as a hydrophobic boundary that reduces water loss from the plant epidermis. The expanding maize adult leaf displays a dynamic, proximodistal gradient of cuticle development, from the leaf base to the tip. Laser microdissection RNA Sequencing (LM-RNAseq) was performed along this proximodistal gradient, and complementary network analyses identified potential regulators of cuticle biosynthesis and deposition. Correlations between cuticle development and cell wall biosynthesis processes were identified, as well as evidence of roles for auxin and brassinosteroids. In addition, our network analyses suggested a previously undescribed function for PHYTOCHROME-mediated light signaling during cuticular wax deposition. Genetic analyses reveal that the phyB1 phyB2 double mutant of maize exhibits abnormal cuticle composition, supporting predictions of our coexpression analyses. Reverse genetic analyses also show that phy mutants of the moss Physcomitrella patens exhibit abnormal cuticle composition, suggesting a role for light-stimulated development of cuticular waxes during plant evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgault, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/812107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network analyses implicate a role for PHYTOCHROME-mediated light signaling in the regulation of cuticle development in plant leaves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feature-based Molecular Networking in the GNPS Analysis Environment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/812404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular networking has become a key method used to visualize and annotate the chemical space in non-targeted mass spectrometry-based experiments. However, distinguishing isomeric compounds and quantitative interpretation are currently limited. Therefore, we created Feature-based Molecular Networking (FBMN) as a new analysis method in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) infrastructure. FBMN leverages feature detection and alignment tools to enhance quantitative analyses and isomer distinction, including from ion-mobility spectrometry experiments, in molecular networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duehrkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarvepalli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Protsyuk, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsugawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aicheler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alka, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barsch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cachet, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauglitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaac, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamenik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Gouellec, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin H., C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, L.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McSayles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohimani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morsy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyne, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuweger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esposito-Nothias, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluskal,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/812404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feature-based Molecular Networking in the GNPS Analysis Environment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/818492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canonical host-pathogen tradeoffs subverted by mutations with dual benefits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/818492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tradeoffs between life history traits impact diverse biological phenomena, including the maintenance of biodiversity. We sought to study two canonical tradeoffs in a model host-parasite system consisting of bacteriophage lambda and Escherichia coli: i) parasite resistance for growth and ii) phage infectivity for host-range. We report that these previously hypothesised tradeoffs are, in fact, tradeups. While the observation of tradeups was surprising, they should be expected because if traits X and Y tradeoff, so too traits Y and Z, then X and Z will tradeup. By considering five different E. coli trait correlations we uncovered several tradeups and tradeoffs. Using mathematical models, we establish that tradeups need not inhibit biodiversity, as previously thought, and can help maintain it through high-dimensional trait interactions. We provide a mechanistic explanation for how tradeups emerge and give reasons for why tradeups can even evolve in well-adapted genomes.nnAll data will be posted at https://github.com/rebear217 and mirrored at http://people.exeter.ac.uk/reb217/rebHomePage/data.html on acceptance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beardmore, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudelj, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewlett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena-Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/818492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canonical host-pathogen tradeoffs subverted by mutations with dual benefits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal transcriptome analyses reveal novel neuropeptide modulators of excitation and inhibition imbalance in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropeptides are secreted molecules that have conserved roles modulating many processes, including mood, reproduction, and feeding. Dysregulation of neuropeptide signaling is also implicated in neurological disorders such as epilepsy. However, much is unknown about the mechanisms regulating specific neuropeptides to mediate behavior. Here, we report that the expression levels of dozens of neuropeptides are up-regulated in response to circuit activity imbalance in C. elegans. acr-2 encodes a homolog of human nicotinic receptors, and functions in the cholinergic motoneurons. A hyperactive mutation, acr-2(gf), causes an activity imbalance in the motor circuit. We performed cell-type specific transcriptomic analysis and identified genes differentially expressed in acr-2(gf), compared to wild type. The most over-represented class of genes are neuropeptides, with insulin-like-peptides (ILPs) the most affected. Moreover, up-regulation of neuropeptides occurs in motoneurons, as well as sensory neurons. In particular, the induced expression of the ILP ins-29 occurs in the BAG neurons, which are previously shown to function in gas-sensing. We also show that this up-regulation of ins-29 in acr-2(gf) animals is activity-dependent. Our genetic and molecular analyses support cooperative effects for ILPs and other neuropeptides in promoting motor circuit activity in the acr-2(gf) background. Together, this data reveals that a major transcriptional response to motor circuit dysregulation is in up-regulation of multiple neuropeptides, and suggests that BAG sensory neurons can respond to intrinsic activity states to feedback on the motor circuit.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYNeuropeptides are secreted small molecules that regulate a variety of neuronal functions and are also implicated in many diseases. However, it remains poorly understood how expression of neuropeptides is regulated, particularly in disease states. Using a genetic animal model that mimics epilepsy, we identified dozens of neuropeptides that are up-regulated when neuronal activities are altered. Some of these neuropeptides share similarity to insulin-like properties (ILPs). Strikingly, one of these ILPs is expressed in sensory neurons that normally respond to acute carbon dioxide exposure. We show that the mis-regulation of this ILP expression is activity-dependent. Moreover, these neuropeptides act in concert to modulate animal behaviors. The findings in this study provide further evidence that neuropeptides are key mediators of aberrant cholinergic signaling, and suggest complex neural network effects from sensory neurons onto motor function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal transcriptome analyses reveal novel neuropeptide modulators of excitation and inhibition imbalance in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep functional synthesis: a machine learning approach to gene functional enrichment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene functional enrichment is a mainstay of genomics, but it relies on manually curated databases of gene functions that are incomplete and unaware of the biological context. Here we present an alternative machine learning approach, Deep Functional Synthesis (DeepSyn), which moves beyond gene function databases to dynamically infer the functions of a gene set from its associated network of literature and data, conditioned on the disease and drug context of the current experiment. Using a knowledge graph with 3,048,803 associations between genes, diseases, drugs, and functions, DeepSyn obtained accurate performance (range 0.74 AUC to 0.96 AUC) on a variety of biological applications including drug target identification, gene set functional enrichment, and disease gene prediction.

AvailabilityThe DeepSyn codebase is available on GitHub at http://github.com/wangshenguiuc/DeepSyn/ under an open source distribution license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rensi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/824086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep functional synthesis: a machine learning approach to gene functional enrichment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/826933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secondary metabolic symbiosis in shipworms (Teredinidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/826933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shipworms play critical roles in recycling wood in the sea. Symbiotic bacteria supply enzymes that the organisms need for nutrition and wood degradation. Some of these bacteria have been grown in pure culture and have the capacity to make many secondary metabolites. However, little is known about whether such secondary metabolite pathways are represented in the symbiont communities within their hosts. In addition, little has been reported about the patterns of host-symbiont co-occurrence. Here, we collected shipworms from the United States, the Philippines, and Brazil, and cultivated symbiotic bacteria from their gills. We analyzed sequences from 22 shipworm gill metagenomes from seven shipworm species and from 23 cultivated symbiont isolates. Using (meta)genome sequencing, we demonstrate that the cultivated isolates represent all the major bacterial symbiont species and strains in shipworm gills. We show that the bacterial symbionts are distributed among shipworm hosts in consistent, predictable patterns. The symbiotic bacteria encode many biosynthetic gene cluster families (GCFs) for bioactive secondary metabolites, only <5% of which match previously described biosynthetic pathways. Because we were able to cultivate the symbionts, and sequence their genomes, we can definitively enumerate the biosynthetic pathways in these symbiont communities, showing that [~]150 out of [~]200 total biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) present in the animal gill metagenomes are represented in our culture collection. Shipworm symbionts occur in suites that differ predictably across a wide taxonomic and geographic range of host species, and collectively constitute an immense resource for the discovery of new biosynthetic pathways to bioactive secondary metabolites.

ImportanceWe define a system in which the major symbionts that are important to host biology and to the production of secondary metabolites can be cultivated. We show that symbiotic bacteria that are critical to host nutrition and lifestyle also have an immense capacity to produce a multitude of diverse and likely novel bioactive secondary metabolites that could lead to the discovery of drugs, and that these pathways are found within shipworm gills. We propose that, by shaping associated microbial communities within the host, the compounds support the ability of shipworms to degrade wood in marine environments. Because these symbionts can be cultivated and genetically manipulated, they provide a powerful model for understanding how secondary metabolism impacts microbial symbiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Altamia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trindade-Silva, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uy, I. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shipway, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veras Wilke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Distel, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haygood, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/826933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secondary metabolic symbiosis in shipworms (Teredinidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multimodal and Integrated Approach to Interrogate Human Kidney Biopsies with Rigor and Reproducibility: The Kidney Precision Medicine Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive and spatially mapped molecular atlases of organs at a cellular level are a critical resource to gain insights into pathogenic mechanisms and personalized therapies for diseases. The Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP) is an endeavor to generate 3-dimensional (3D) molecular atlases of healthy and diseased kidney biopsies using multiple state-of-the-art OMICS and imaging technologies across several institutions. Obtaining rigorous and reproducible results from disparate methods and at different sites to interrogate biomolecules at a single cell level or in 3D space is a significant challenge that can be a futile exercise if not well controlled. We describe a "follow the tissue" pipeline for generating a reliable and authentic single cell/region 3D molecular atlas of human adult kidney. Our approach emphasizes quality assurance, quality control, validation and harmonization across different OMICS and imaging technologies from sample procurement, processing, storage, shipping to data generation, analysis and sharing. We established benchmarks for quality control, rigor, reproducibility and feasibility across multiple technologies through a pilot experiment using common source tissue that was processed and analyzed at different institutions and different technologies. A peer review system was established to critically review quality control measures and the reproducibility of data generated by each technology before being approved to interrogate clinical biopsy specimens. The process established economizes the use of valuable biopsy tissue for multi-OMICS and imaging analysis with stringent quality control to ensure rigor and reproducibility of results and serves as a model for precision medicine projects across laboratories, institutions and consortia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>El-Achkar, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eadon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigdel, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderton, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamidi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joanes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azeloglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sealfon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winfree, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Agati, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyengar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troyanskaya, O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barisoni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laszik, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagher, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarwal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpers, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretzler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>For the Kidney Precision Medicine Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multimodal and Integrated Approach to Interrogate Human Kidney Biopsies with Rigor and Reproducibility: The Kidney Precision Medicine Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbial ecology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, hatcheries: impacts of the built environment on fish mucosal microbiota 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Successful rearing of fish in hatcheries is critical for conservation, recreational fishing, and commercial fishing through wild stock enhancements, and aquaculture production. Flow through (FT) hatcheries require more water than Recirculating-Aquaculture-Systems (RAS) which enable up to 99% of water to be recycled thus significantly reducing environmental impacts. Here, we evaluated the biological and physical microbiome interactions of the built environment of a hatchery from three Atl salmon hatcheries (RAS n=2, FT n=1). Six juvenile fish were sampled from tanks in each of the hatcheries for a total of 60 fish across 10 tanks. Water and tank side biofilm samples were collected from each of the tanks along with three salmon body sites (gill, skin, and digesta) to assess mucosal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. The water and tank biofilm had more microbial richness than fish mucus while skin and digesta from RAS fish had 2x the richness of FT fish. Body sites each had unique microbial communities (P<0.001) and were influenced by the various hatchery systems (P<0.001) with RAS systems more similar. Water and especially tank biofilm richness was positively correlated with skin and digesta richness. Strikingly, the gill, skin and digesta communities were more similar to the origin tank biofilm vs. all other experimental tanks suggesting that the tank biofilm has a direct influence on fish-associated microbial communities. The results from this study provide evidence for a link between the tank microbiome and the fish microbiome with the skin microbiome as an important intermediate.nnIMPORTANCEAtlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is the most farmed marine fish worldwide with an annual production of 2,248 million metric tonnes in 2016. Salmon hatcheries are increasingly changing from flow through towards RAS design to accommodate more control over production along with improved environmental sustainability due to lower impacts on water consumption. To date, microbiome studies on hatcheries have focused either on the fish mucosal microbiota or the built environment microbiota, but have not combined the two to understand interactions. Our study evaluates how water and tank biofilm microbiota influences fish microbiota across three mucosal environments (gill, skin, and digesta). Results from this study highlight how the built environment is a unique source of microbes to colonize fish mucus and furthermore how this can influence the fish health. Further studies can use this knowledge to engineer built environments to modulate fish microbiota for a beneficial phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantawongsri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbial ecology of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, hatcheries: impacts of the built environment on fish mucosal microbiota]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative translation of dog-to-human aging by conserved remodeling of epigenetic networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammals progress through similar physiological stages during life, from early development to puberty, aging, and death. Yet, the extent to which this conserved physiology reflects conserved molecular events is unclear. Here, we map common epigenetic changes experienced by mammalian genomes as they age, focusing on evolutionary comparisons of humans to dogs, an emerging model of aging. Using targeted sequencing, we characterize the methylomes of 104 Labrador retrievers spanning a 16 year age range, achieving >150X coverage within mammalian syntenic blocks. Comparison with human methylomes reveals a nonlinear relationship which translates dog to human years, aligns the timing of major physiological milestones between the two species, and extends to mice. Conserved changes center on specific developmental gene networks which are sufficient to capture the effects of anti-aging interventions in multiple mammals. These results establish methylation not only as a diagnostic age readout but as a cross-species translator of physiological aging milestones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreisberg, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvunis, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bannasch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrander, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/829192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative translation of dog-to-human aging by conserved remodeling of epigenetic networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brainstem organoids from human pluripotent stem cells contain neural crest population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/829275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brainstem controls heartbeat, blood pressure and respiration, which are life-sustaining functions, therefore, disorders of the brainstem can be lethal. Brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells recapitulate the course of human brain development and are expected to be useful for medical research on central nervous system disorders. However, existing organoid models have limitations, hampering the elucidation of diseases affecting specific components of the brain. Here, we developed a method to generate human brainstem organoids (hBSOs), containing neural crest stem cells as well as midbrain/hindbrain progenitors, noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons, and dopaminergic neurons, demonstrated by specific electrophysiological signatures. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis, together with proteomics and electrophysiology, revealed that the cellular population in these organoids was similar to that of the human brainstem and neural crest, which raises the possibility of making use of hBSOs in grafting for transplantation, efficient drug screenings and modeling the neural crest diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsui, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luginbuhl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsubayashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanaura, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiota, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinugawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iguchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiriyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouno, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kongpracha, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiriyasermkul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaguchi, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komeda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morikawa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitayoshi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobashigawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakanishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiromizu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inagaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makinodan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishimoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuniyasu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagamori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/829275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brainstem organoids from human pluripotent stem cells contain neural crest population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serine and glycine are essential for human muscle progenitor cell population expansion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle regeneration is reliant on a population of muscle specific adult stem cells (muscle progenitor cells; MPCs). During regeneration, the MPC population undergoes a transient and rapid period of population expansion, which is necessary to repair damaged myofibers and restore muscle homeostasis. Much research has focused on the age-related accumulation of negative regulators of regeneration, while the age-related decline of nutrient and metabolic determinants of the regenerative process needs examination. We hypothesized that older individuals, a population that is at risk for protein malnutrition, have diminished availability of amino acids that are necessary for MPC function. Here, we identified that levels of the non-essential amino acid serine are reduced in the skeletal muscle of healthy, older individuals. Furthermore, using stable-isotope tracing studies, we demonstrate that primary, human MPCs (hMPCs) exhibit a limited capacity for de novo biosynthesis of serine and the closely related amino acid glycine. We identified that serine and glycine are essential for hMPC proliferation and, therefore, population expansion. Serine and glycine were necessary to support synthesis of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione, and restriction of serine and glycine was sensed in an EIF2-dependent manner resulting in cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. In conclusion, we elucidate that, despite an absolute requirement of serine/glycine for hMPC proliferation, availability of serine in the skeletal muscle microenvironment is limited to the hMPCs of healthy older adults and is a likely underlying mechanism for impaired skeletal muscle regeneration with advancing age.nnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=176 SRC="FIGDIR/small/833798v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (32K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@438298org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@32f66dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d08aeeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@511c7f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical Abstract C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gheller, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gheller, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handzlik, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stover, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosgrove, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalacker-Mercer, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serine and glycine are essential for human muscle progenitor cell population expansion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The thermodynamics of thinking: connections between neural activity, energy metabolism and blood flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/833855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several current functional neuroimaging methods are sensitive to cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow (CBF) rather than the underlying neural activity itself. Empirically, the connections between metabolism, flow and neural activity are complex and somewhat counterintuitive: CBF and glycolysis increase more than seems to be needed to provide oxygen and pyruvate for oxidative metabolism, and the oxygen extraction fraction is relatively low in the brain and decreases when oxygen metabolism increases. This work lays a foundation for the idea that this unexpected pattern of physiological changes is consistent with basic thermodynamic considerations related to metabolism. In the context of this thermodynamic framework, the apparent mismatches in metabolic rates and CBF are related to preserving the entropy change of oxidative metabolism, specifically the O2/CO2 ratio in the mitochondria. However, the mechanism supporting this CBF response is likely not due to feedback from a hypothetical O2 sensor in tissue, but rather is consistent with feed-forward control by signals from both excitatory and inhibitory neural activity. Quantitative predictions of the thermodynamic framework, based on models of O2 and CO2 transport and possible neural drivers of CBF control, are in good agreement with a wide range of experimental data, including responses to neural activation, hypercapnia, hypoxia and high-altitude acclimatization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buxton, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/833855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The thermodynamics of thinking: connections between neural activity, energy metabolism and blood flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/834051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bionic 3D printed corals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/834051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Symbiotic corals have evolved as a highly optimised photon augmentation system leading to space-efficient microalgal growth and photosynthetic quantum efficiencies that approach theoretical limits1-3. Corals are characterized by an elastic animal tissue hosting microalgae and a light scattering calcium carbonate skeleton that maximizes light delivery towards otherwise shaded algal-containing tissues4,5. Rapid light attenuation due to algal self-shading is a key limiting factor for the upscaling of microalgal cultivation6,7. Coral-inspired light management systems could overcome this limitation and facilitate scalable bioenergy and bioproduct generation8,9. Here, we developed 3D printed bionic corals capable of growing various types of microalgae with cell densities approaching 109 cells mL-1, up to 100 times greater than in liquid culture. The hybrid photosynthetic biomaterials are produced with a new 3D bioprinting platform which mimics morphological features of living coral tissue and the underlying skeleton with micron resolution, including their optical and mechanical properties. The programmable synthetic microenvironment thus allows for replicating both structural and functional traits of the coral-algal symbiosis. Our work defines a new class of bionic materials capable of interacting with living organisms, that can be exploited for the design of next generation photobioreactors7 and disruptive approaches for coral reef conservation10.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azam, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacucci, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaidarenko, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildebrand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deheyn, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vignolini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/834051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bionic 3D printed corals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study for maize leaf cuticular conductance identifies candidate genes involved in the regulation of cuticle development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cuticle, a hydrophobic layer of cutin and waxes synthesized by plant epidermal cells, is the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed at night and under water-limited conditions. Elucidating the genetic architecture of natural variation for leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is important for identifying genes relevant to improving crop productivity in drought-prone environments. To this end, we conducted a genome-wide association study of gc of adult leaves in a maize inbred association panel that was evaluated in four environments (Maricopa, AZ, and San Diego, CA in 2016 and 2017). Five genomic regions significantly associated with gc were resolved to seven plausible candidate genes (ISTL1, two SEC14 homologs, cyclase-associated protein, a CER7 homolog, GDSL lipase, and {beta}-D-XYLOSIDASE 4). These candidates are potentially involved in cuticle biosynthesis, trafficking and deposition of cuticle lipids, cutin polymerization, and cell wall modification. Laser microdissection RNA sequencing revealed that all these candidate genes, with the exception of the CER7 homolog, were expressed in the zone of the expanding adult maize leaf where cuticle maturation occurs. With direct application to genetic improvement, moderately high average predictive abilities were observed for whole-genome prediction of gc in locations (0.46 and 0.45) and across all environments (0.52). The findings of this study provide novel insights into the genetic control of gc and have the potential to help breeders more effectively develop drought-tolerant maize for target environments.nnArticle summaryThe cuticle serves as the major barrier to water loss when stomata are closed at night and under water-limited conditions and potentially relevant to drought tolerance in crops. We performed a genome-wide association study to elucidate the genetic architecture of natural variation for maize leaf cuticular conductance. We identified epidermally expressed candidate genes that are potentially involved in cuticle biosynthesis, trafficking and deposition, cutin polymerization, and cell wall modification. Finally, we observed moderately high predictive abilities for whole-genome prediction of leaf cuticular conductance. Collectively, these findings may help breeders more effectively develop drought-tolerant maize.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczmar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baseggio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study for maize leaf cuticular conductance identifies candidate genes involved in the regulation of cuticle development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The in situ structure of Parkinson’s disease-linked LRRK2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/837203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most frequent cause of familial Parkinsons disease. LRRK2 is a multi-domain protein containing a kinase and GTPase. Using in situ cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we reveal a 14-[A] structure of LRRK2 bearing a pathogenic mutation that oligomerizes as a right-handed double-helix around microtubules, which are left-handed. Using integrative modeling, we determine the architecture of LRRK2, showing that the GTPase points towards the microtubule, while the kinase is exposed to the cytoplasm. We identify two oligomerization interfaces mediated by non-catalytic domains. Mutation of one of these abolishes LRRK2 microtubule-association. Our work demonstrates the power of cryo-electron tomography to obtain structures of previously unsolved proteins in their cellular environment and provides insights into LRRK2 function and pathogenicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buschauer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehning, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audagnotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boassa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/837203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The in situ structure of Parkinson’s disease-linked LRRK2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/838367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The urinary tract microbiome in older women exhibits host genetics and environmental influences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/838367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The urinary microbiome is a relatively unexplored niche despite the fact that we now know that it is not sterile. Moreover urinary microbes, especially in ageing populations, are associated with morbidity even when infection is subsequently not proven. We present the first large-scale study to explore factors defining urinary microbiome composition in community-dwelling older adult women without clinically active infection. Using 1600 twins, we estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in microbiome using both 16S and shotgun metagenomics. We found that the urinary microbiome is distinct from nearby sites and is unrelated to stool microbiome. Core urinary microbiome taxa were defined. The first component of weighted unifrac was heritable (18%) as were key taxa (e.g Escherichia-Shigella (A>0.15)). Age, menopausal status, prior UTI and host genetics were top among factors defining the urobiome. Increased composition was associated with older age, contrary to previous findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adebayo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowyer, R. C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spector, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steves, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/838367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The urinary tract microbiome in older women exhibits host genetics and environmental influences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spiking Recurrent Networks as a Model to Probe Neuronal Timescales Specific to Working Memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical neurons process and integrate information on multiple timescales. In addition, these timescales or temporal receptive fields display functional and hierarchical organization. For instance, areas important for working memory (WM), such as prefrontal cortex, utilize neurons with stable temporal receptive fields and long timescales to support reliable representations of stimuli. Despite of the recent advances in experimental techniques, the underlying mechanisms for the emergence of neuronal timescales long enough to support WM are unclear and challenging to investigate experimentally. Here, we demonstrate that spiking recurrent neural networks (RNNs) designed to perform a WM task reproduce previously observed experimental findings and that these models could be utilized in the future to study how neuronal timescales specific to WM emerge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/842302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spiking Recurrent Networks as a Model to Probe Neuronal Timescales Specific to Working Memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZODIAC: database-independent molecular formula annotation using Gibbs sampling reveals unknown small molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1The confident high-throughput identification of small molecules remains one of the most challenging tasks in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. SIRIUS has become a powerful tool for the interpretation of tandem mass spectra, and shows outstanding performance for identifying the molecular formula of a query compound, being the first step of structure identification. Nevertheless, the identification of both molecular formulas for large compounds above 500 Daltons and novel molecular formulas remains highly challenging. Here, we present ZODIAC, a network-based algorithm for the de novo estimation of molecular formulas. ZODIAC reranks SIRIUS molecular formula candidates, combining fragmentation tree computation with Bayesian statistics using Gibbs sampling. Through careful algorithm engineering, ZODIACs Gibbs sampling is very swift in practice. ZODIAC decreases incorrect annotations 16.2-fold on a challenging plant extract dataset with most compounds above 700 Dalton; we then show improvements on four additional, diverse datasets. Our analysis led to the discovery of compounds with novel molecular formulas such as C24H47BrNO8P which, as of today, is not present in any publicly available molecular structure databases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothias, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dührkop, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petras, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morsy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aluwihare, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Böcker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/842740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZODIAC: database-independent molecular formula annotation using Gibbs sampling reveals unknown small molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tfam knockdown results in reduction of mtDNA copy number, OXPHOS deficiency and abnormalities in zebrafish embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers are essential for oogenesis and embryogenesis and correlate with fertility of oocytes and viability of embryos. To understand the pathology and mechanisms associated with low mtDNA copy numbers, we knocked down mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), a regulator of mtDNA replication, during early zebrafish development. Reduction of Tfam using a splice-modifying morpholino (MO) resulted in a 42%{+/-}4% decrease in mtDNA copy number in embryos at 4 days post fertilization. Morphant embryos displayed abnormal development of the eye, brain, heart and muscle, as well as a 50%{+/-}11% decrease in ATP production. Transcriptome analysis revealed a decrease in protein-encoding transcripts from the heavy strand of the mtDNA. In addition, various RNA translation pathways were increased, indicating an upregulation of nuclear and mitochondria-related translation. The developmental defects observed were supported by a decreased expression of pathways related to eye development and haematopoiesis. The increase in mRNA translation might serve as a compensation mechanism, but appears insufficient during prolonged periods of mtDNA depletion, highlighting the importance of high mtDNA copy numbers for early development in zebrafish.

SUMMARY STATEMENTThe first tuneable zebrafish model used to characterize the effect of a reduced mtDNA copy number and resulting OXPHOS deficiency on zebrafish embryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamps, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerards, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendeville Samain, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Tienen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeets, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tfam knockdown results in reduction of mtDNA copy number, OXPHOS deficiency and abnormalities in zebrafish embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA Sequencing by Direct Tagmentation of RNA/DNA Hybrids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has been widely used to characterize cellular status but it relies on second strand cDNA synthesis to generate initial material for library preparation. Here we use bacterial transposase Tn5, which has been increasingly used in various high-throughput DNA analyses, to construct RNA-seq libraries without second strand synthesis. We show that Tn5 transposome can randomly bind RNA/DNA heteroduplexes and add sequencing adapters onto RNA directly after reverse transcription. This method, Sequencing HEteRo RNA-DNA-hYbrid (SHERRY), is versatile and scalable. SHERRY accepts a wide range of starting materials, from bulk RNA to single cells. SHERRY offers a greatly simplified protocol, and produces results with higher reproducibility and GC uniformity compared with prevailing RNA-seq methods.

Significance StatementRNA sequencing is widely used to measure gene expression in biomedical research; therefore, improvements in the simplicity and accuracy of the technology are desirable. All existing RNA sequencing methods rely on the conversion of RNA into double-stranded DNA through reverse transcription followed by second strand synthesis. The latter step requires additional enzymes and purification, and introduces sequence-dependent bias. Here, we show that Tn5 transposase, which randomly binds and cuts double-stranded DNA, can directly fragment and prime the RNA/DNA heteroduplexes generated by reverse transcription. The primed fragments are then subject to PCR amplification. This provides a new approach for simple and accurate RNA characterization and quantification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA Sequencing by Direct Tagmentation of RNA/DNA Hybrids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporally-precise disruption of prefrontal cortex informed by the timing of beta bursts impairs human action-stopping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human action-stopping is thought to rely on a prefronto-basal ganglia-thalamocortical network, with right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) posited to play a critical role in the early stage of implementation. Here we sought causal evidence for this idea in experiments involving healthy human participants. We first show that action-stopping is preceded by bursts of electroencephalographic activity in the beta band over prefrontal electrodes, putatively rIFC, and that the timing of these bursts correlates with the latency of stopping at a single-trial level: earlier bursts are associated with faster stopping. From this we reasoned that the integrity of rIFC at the time of beta bursts might be critical to successful stopping. We then used fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt rIFC at the approximate time of beta bursting. Stimulation prolonged stopping latencies and, moreover, the prolongation was most pronounced in individuals for whom the pulse appeared closer to the presumed time of beta bursting. These results help validate a model of the neural architecture and temporal dynamics of action-stopping. They also highlight the usefulness of prefrontal beta bursts to index an apparently important sub-process of stopping, the timing of which might help explain within- and between-individual variation in impulse control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hannah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundby, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporally-precise disruption of prefrontal cortex informed by the timing of beta bursts impairs human action-stopping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two distinct mechanisms of small molecule inhibition of LpxA acyltransferase essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The paper with the doi 10.1101/850305 has been removed as a result of a technical error. The paper is available on bioRxiv under this doi: 10.1101/2019.12.14.850305.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balibar, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter Rath, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermingham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chie-Leon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommlet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merritt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornelas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Pascale, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prathapam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prosen, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasper, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruzin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawyer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wartchow, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uehara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two distinct mechanisms of small molecule inhibition of LpxA acyltransferase essential for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary Stalling in the Optimization of the Translation Machinery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells consist of molecular modules which perform vital biological functions. Cellular modules are key units of adaptive evolution because organismal fitness depends on their performance. Theory shows that in rapidly evolving populations, such as those of many microbes, adaptation is driven primarily by common beneficial mutations with large effects, while other mutations behave as if they are effectively neutral. As a consequence, if a module can be improved only by rare and/or weak beneficial mutations, its adaptive evolution would stall. However, such evolutionary stalling has not been empirically demonstrated, and it is unclear to what extent stalling may limit the power of natural selection to improve modules. Here, we empirically characterize how natural selection improves the translation machinery (TM), an essential cellular module. We experimentally evolved populations of Escherichia coli with genetically perturbed TMs for 1,000 generations. Populations with severe TM defects initially adapted via mutations in the TM, but TM adaptation stalled within about 300 generations. We estimate that the genetic load in our populations incurred by residual TM defects ranges from 0.5 to 19%. Finally, we found evidence that both epistasis and the depletion of the pool of beneficial mutations contributed to evolutionary stalling. Our results suggest that cellular modules may not be fully optimized by natural selection despite the availability of adaptive mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Venkataram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monasky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikaroodi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kacar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary Stalling in the Optimization of the Translation Machinery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/852947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-low input single tube linked-read library method enables short-read NGS systems to generate highly accurate and economical long-range sequencing information for de novo genome assembly and haplotype phasing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/852947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-range sequencing information is required for haplotype phasing, de novo assembly and structural variation detection. Current long-read sequencing technologies can provide valuable long-range information but at a high cost with low accuracy and high DNA input requirement. We have developed a single-tube Transposase Enzyme Linked Long-read Sequencing (TELL-Seq) technology, which enables a low-cost, high-accuracy and high-throughput short-read next generation sequencer to routinely generate over 100 Kb long-range sequencing information with as little as 0.1 ng input material. In a PCR tube, millions of clonally barcoded beads are used to uniquely barcode long DNA molecules in an open bulk reaction without dilution and compartmentation. The barcode linked reads are used to successfully assemble genomes ranging from microbes to human. These linked-reads also generate mega-base-long phased blocks and provide a cost-effective tool for detecting structural variants in a genome, which are important to identify compound heterozygosity in recessive Mendelian diseases and discover genetic drivers and diagnostic biomarkers in cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pevzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/852947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-low input single tube linked-read library method enables short-read NGS systems to generate highly accurate and economical long-range sequencing information for de novo genome assembly and haplotype phasing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Face familiarity detection with complex synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synaptic plasticity is a complex phenomenon involving multiple biochemical processes that operate on different timescales. We recently showed that this complexity can greatly increase the memory capacity of neural networks when the variables that characterize the synaptic dynamics have limited precision, as in biological systems. These types of complex synapses have been tested mostly on simple memory retrieval problems involving random and uncorrelated patterns. Here we turn to a real-world problem, face familiarity detection, and we show that also in this case it is possible to take advantage of synaptic complexity to store in memory a large number of faces that can be recognized at a later time. In particular, we show that the familiarity memory capacity of a system with complex synapses grows almost linearly with the number of the synapses and quadratically with the number of neurons. Complex synapses are superior to simple ones, which are characterized by a single variable, even when the total number of dynamical variables is matched. We further show that complex and simple synapses have distinct signatures that are testable in proposed experiments. Our results indicate that a memory system with complex synapses can be used in real-world tasks such as face familiarity detection.

SignificanceThe complexity of biological synapses is probably important for enabling us to remember the past for a long time and rapidly store new memories. The advantage of complex synapses in terms of memory capacity is significant when the variables that characterize the synaptic dynamics have limited precision. This advantage has been estimated under the simplifying assumption that the memories to be stored are random and uncorrelated. Here we show that synaptic complexity is important also in a more challenging and realistic face familiarity detection task. We built a simple neural circuit that can report whether a face has been previously seen or not. This circuit incorporates complex synapses that operate on multiple timescales. The memory performance of this circuit is significantly higher than in the case in which synapses are simple, indicating that the complexity of biological synapses can be important also in real-world memory tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji-An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fusi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Face familiarity detection with complex synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Association Study of Childhood Aggression across raters, instruments and age 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Childhood aggressive behavior (AGG) has a substantial heritability of around 50%. Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of childhood AGG, in which all phenotype measures across childhood ages from multiple assessors were included. We analyzed phenotype assessments for a total of 328 935 observations from 87 485 children aged between 1.5 and 18 years, while accounting for sample overlap. We also meta-analyzed within subsets of the data - i.e. within rater, instrument and age. SNP-heritability for the overall meta-analysis (AGGoverall) was 3.31% (SE=0.0038). We found no genome-wide significant SNPs for AGGoverall. The gene-based analysis returned three significant genes: ST3GAL3 (P=1.6E-06), PCDH7 (P=2.0E-06) and IPO13 (P=2.5E-06). All three genes have previously been associated with educational traits. Polygenic scores based on our GWAMA significantly predicted aggression in a holdout sample of children (variance explained = 0.44%) and in retrospectively assessed childhood aggression (variance explained = 0.20%). Genetic correlations (rg) among rater-specific assessment of AGG ranged from rg =0.46 between self- and teacher-assessment to rg =0.81 between mother- and teacher-assessment. We obtained moderate to strong rgs with selected phenotypes from multiple domains, but hardly with any of the classical biomarkers thought to be associated with AGG. Significant genetic correlations were observed with most psychiatric and psychological traits (range |rg| : 0.19 - 1.00), except for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aggression had a negative genetic correlation (rg =~ -0.5) with cognitive traits and age at first birth. Aggression was strongly genetically correlated with smoking phenotypes (range |rg| : 0.46 - 0.60). The genetic correlations between aggression and psychiatric disorders were weaker for teacher-reported AGG than for mother- and self-reported AGG. The current GWAMA of childhood aggression provides a powerful tool to interrogate the rater-specific genetic etiology of AGG.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ip, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Laan, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brikell, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Mora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolte, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St Pourcain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolhuis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palviainen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zafarmand, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colodro-Conde, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayats, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aliev, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karhunen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammerschlag, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Border, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiering, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seppälä, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vilor-Tejedor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahluwalia, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hottenga, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allegrini, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krapohl, E. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rimfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soler Artigas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovira, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espanol, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos Quiroga, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ensink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Association Study of Childhood Aggression across raters, instruments and age]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/859306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frequent extrachromosomal oncogene amplification drives aggressive tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/859306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) amplification promotes high oncogene copy number, intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, and accelerated tumor evolution1-3, but its frequency and clinical impact are not well understood. Here we show, using computational analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 1,979 cancer patients, that ecDNA amplification occurs in at least 26% of human cancers, of a wide variety of histological types, but not in whole blood or normal tissue. We demonstrate a highly significant enrichment for oncogenes on amplified ecDNA and that the most common recurrent oncogene amplifications arise on ecDNA. EcDNA amplifications resulted in higher levels of oncogene transcription compared to copy number matched linear DNA, coupled with enhanced chromatin accessibility. Patients whose tumors have ecDNA-based oncogene amplification showed increase of cell proliferation signature activity, greater likelihood of lymph node spread at initial diagnosis, and significantly shorter survival, even when controlled for tissue type, than do patients whose cancers are not driven by ecDNA-based oncogene amplification. The results presented here demonstrate that ecDNA-based oncogene amplification plays a central role in driving the poor outcome for patients with some of the most aggressive forms of cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namburi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhaak, R. G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/859306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frequent extrachromosomal oncogene amplification drives aggressive tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/864082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal Obesity and Western-style Diet Impair Fetal and Juvenile Offspring Skeletal Muscle Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport in Nonhuman Primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/864082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infants born to mothers with obesity have a greater risk for childhood obesity and metabolic diseases; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used a nonhuman primate model to investigate whether maternal obesity combined with a western-style diet (WSD) impairs offspring muscle insulin action. Briefly, adult females were fed a control (CON) or WSD prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned to a CON or WSD. Muscle glucose uptake and insulin signaling were measured ex vivo in fetal and juvenile offspring. In vivo signaling was evaluated before and after an intravenous insulin bolus just prior to weaning. We find that fetal muscle exposed to maternal WSD had reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin signaling. In juvenile offspring, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was similarly reduced by both maternal and post-weaning WSD. Analysis of insulin signaling activation revealed distinct changes between fetal and post-weaning WSD exposure. We conclude that maternal WSD leads to a persistent decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in juvenile offspring even in the absence of increased offspring adiposity or markers of systemic insulin resistance. Switching offspring to a healthy diet did not ameliorate the effects of maternal WSD suggesting earlier interventions may be necessary.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campodonico-Burnett, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hetrick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wesolowski, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kievit, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gannon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aagaard-Tillery, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCurdy, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/864082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal Obesity and Western-style Diet Impair Fetal and Juvenile Offspring Skeletal Muscle Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport in Nonhuman Primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectivity differences in early infancy precede autism symptoms: a multivariate pattern analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/866939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional brain connectivity is altered in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mapping pre-symptomatic functional disruptions in ASD could identify infants based on neural risk, providing a crucial opportunity to mediate outcomes before behavioral symptoms emerge.

Here we quantify functional connectivity using scalable EEG measures of oscillatory phase coherence (6-12Hz). Infants at high and low familial risk for ASD (N=65) underwent an EEG recording at 3 months of age and were assessed for ASD symptoms at 18 months using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Toddler Module. Multivariate pattern analysis was used to examine early functional patterns that are associated with later ASD symptoms.

Support vector regression (SVR) algorithms accurately predicted observed ASD symptoms at 18 months from EEG data at 3 months (r=0.76, p=0.02). Specifically, lower frontal connectivity and higher right temporo-parietal connectivity predicted higher ASD symptoms. The SVR model did not predict non-verbal cognitive abilities at 18 months (r=0.15, p=0.36), suggesting specificity of these brain alterations to ASD.

These data suggest that frontal and temporo-parietal dysconnectivity play important roles in the early pathophysiology of ASD. Early functional differences in ASD can be captured using EEG during infancy and may inform much-needed advancements in the early detection of ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goanker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dapretto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeste, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/866939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectivity differences in early infancy precede autism symptoms: a multivariate pattern analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/867069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The tuatara genome: insights into vertebrate evolutionfrom the sole survivor of an ancient reptilian order 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/867069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), the only living member of the archaic reptilian order Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia) once widespread across Gondwana, is an iconic and enigmatic terrestrial vertebrate endemic to New Zealand. A key link to the now extinct stem reptiles from which dinosaurs, modern reptiles, birds and mammals evolved, the tuatara provides exclusive insights into the ancestral amniotes. The tuatara genome, at [~]5 Gbp, is among the largest vertebrate genomes assembled. Analysis of this genome and comparisons to other vertebrates reinforces the uniqueness of the tuatara. Phylogenetic analyses indicate tuatara diverged from the snakes and lizards [~]250 MYA. This lineage also shows moderate rates of molecular evolution, with instances of punctuated evolution. Genome sequence analysis identifies expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA families, and repeat elements, the latter of which show an extraordinary amalgam of reptilian and mammalian features. Sequencing of this genome provides a valuable resource for deep comparative analyses of tetrapods, as well as for tuatara biology and conservation. It also provides important insights into both the technical challenges and the cultural obligations associated with genome sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gemmell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutherford, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prost, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macey, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adelson, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertozzi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Organ, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muffato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patricio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flicek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michalak, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schott, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newcomb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyo, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valenzuela, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hore, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peona, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warmuth, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZENG, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kortschak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raison, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapata, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santesmasses, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariotti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rupp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twort, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dussex, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, H</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/867069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The tuatara genome: insights into vertebrate evolutionfrom the sole survivor of an ancient reptilian order]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thousands of missing variants in the UK BioBankare recoverable by genome realignment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The UK Biobank is an unprecedented resource for human disease research. In March 2019, 49,997 exomes were made publicly available to investigators. Here we note that thousands of variant calls are unexpectedly absent from the current dataset, with 641 genes showing zero variation. We show that the reason for this was an erroneous read alignment to the GRCh38 reference. The missing variants can be recovered by modifying read alignment parameters to correctly handle the expanded set of contigs available in the human genome reference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lango Allen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majithia, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thousands of missing variants in the UK BioBankare recoverable by genome realignment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adverse caregiving in infancy blunts neural processing of the mother: Translating across species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The roots of psychopathology frequently take shape during infancy in the context of parent-infant interactions and adversity. Yet, neurobiological mechanisms linking these processes during infancy remain elusive. Here, using responses to attachment figures among infants who experienced adversity as a benchmark, we assessed rat pup cortical Local Field Potentials (LFP) and behaviors exposed to adversity in response to maternal rough and nurturing handling by examining its impact on pup separation-reunion with the mother. We show that during adversity, pup cortical LFP dynamic range decreased during nurturing maternal behaviors, but was minimally impacted by rough handling. During reunion, adversity-experiencing pups showed aberrant interactions with mother and blunted cortical LFP. Blocking pup stress hormone during either adversity or reunion restored typical behavior, LFP power, and cross-frequency coupling. This translational approach suggests adversity-rearing produces a stress-induced aberrant neurobehavioral processing of the mother, which can be used as an early biomarker of later-life pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Opendak, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theisen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomkvist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundstrom, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tottenham, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dozier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adverse caregiving in infancy blunts neural processing of the mother: Translating across species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/872069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-dimensional, time-lapse, high content screening platform for the flatworm pathogen causing schistosomiasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/872069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Approximately 10% of the worlds population is at risk of schistosomiasis, a disease of poverty caused by the Schistosoma parasite. To facilitate drug discovery for this complex flatworm, we developed an automated high-content screen to quantify the multidimensional responses of Schistosoma mansoni post-infective larvae (somules) to chemical insult. We describe an integrated platform to process worms at scale, collect time-lapsed, bright-field images, segment highly variable and touching worms, and then store, visualize, and query dynamic phenotypes. To demonstrate the methodology, we treated somules with seven drugs that generated diverse responses and evaluated 45 static and kinetic response descriptors relative to concentration and time. For compound screening, we used the Mahalanobis distance to compare multidimensional phenotypic effects induced by 1,323 approved drugs. Overall, we characterize both known anti-schistosomals and identify new bioactives. Apart from facilitating drug discovery, the multidimensional quantification provided by this platform will allow mapping of chemistry to phenotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohrmann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arkin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/872069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-dimensional, time-lapse, high content screening platform for the flatworm pathogen causing schistosomiasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand-Dependent Mechanisms of C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) Trafficking Revealed by APEX2 Proximity Labeling Proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) promotes inflammatory responses by driving cell migration and scavenging chemokine to shape directional chemokine gradients. A CCR5 inhibitor has been approved for blocking HIV entry into cells. However, targeting CCR5 for the treatment of other diseases has had limited success, likely because of the complexity of CCR5 pharmacology and biology. CCR5 is activated by natural and engineered chemokines that elicit distinct signaling and trafficking responses, including receptor sequestration inside the cell. Intracellular sequestration may be therapeutically exploitable as a strategy for receptor inhibition, but the mechanisms by which different ligands promote receptor retention in the cell versus presence on the cell membrane are poorly understood. We employed live cell ascorbic acid peroxidase (APEX2) proximity labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics for unbiased discovery of temporally resolved protein neighborhoods of CCR5 following stimulation with its endogenous agonist, CCL5, and two CCL5 variants that promote intracellular retention of the receptor. Along with targeted pharmacological assays, the data reveal distinct ligand-dependent CCR5 trafficking patterns with temporal and spatial resolution. All three chemokines internalize CCR5 via {beta}-arrestin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis but to different extents, with different kinetics and varying dependencies on GPCR kinase subtypes. The agonists differ in their ability to target the receptor to lysosomes for degradation, as well as to the Golgi compartment and the trans-Golgi network, and these trafficking patterns translate into distinct levels of ligand scavenging. The results provide insight into the cellular mechanisms behind CCR5 intracellular sequestration and suggest how trafficking can be exploited for the development of functional antagonists of CCR5.

Significance StatementCCR5 plays a crucial role in the immune system and is important in numerous physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation, cancer and transmission of HIV. It responds to different ligands with distinct signaling and trafficking behaviors; notably some ligands induce retention of the receptor inside the cell. Using time-resolved proximity labeling proteomics and targeted pharmacological experiments, this study reveals the cellular basis for receptor sequestration that can be exploited as a therapeutic strategy for inhibiting CCR5 function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lona, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrega-Roman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salanga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.565224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand-Dependent Mechanisms of C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) Trafficking Revealed by APEX2 Proximity Labeling Proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Forecasting of Domoic Acid during a Pervasive Toxic Diatom Bloom 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2015, the largest recorded harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurred in the Northeast Pacific, causing nearly 100 million dollars in damages to fisheries and killing many protected marine mammals. Dominated by the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis, this bloom produced high levels of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Through molecular and transcriptional characterization of 52 near-weekly phytoplankton net-tow samples collected at a bloom hotspot in Monterey Bay, California, we identified active transcription of known DA biosynthesis (dab) genes from the three identified toxigenic species, including P. australis as the primary origin of toxicity. Elevated expression of silicon transporters (sit1) during the bloom supports the previously hypothesized role of dissolved silica (Si) exhaustion in contributing to bloom physiology and toxicity. We find that co-expression of the dabA and sit1 genes serves as a robust predictor of DA one week in advance, potentially enabling the forecasting of DA-producing HABs. We additionally present evidence that low levels of iron could have co-limited the diatom population along with low Si. Iron limitation represents a previously unrecognized driver of both toxin production and ecological success of the low iron adapted Pseudo-nitzschia genus during the 2015 bloom, and increasing pervasiveness of iron limitation may fuel the escalating magnitude and frequency of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms globally. Our results advance understanding of bloom physiology underlying toxin production, bloom prediction, and the impact of global change on toxic blooms.

SignificancePseudo-nitzschia diatoms form oceanic harmful algal blooms that threaten human health through production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). DA biosynthetic gene expression is hypothesized to control DA production in the environment, yet what regulates expression of these genes is yet to be discovered. In this study, we uncovered expression of DA biosynthesis genes by multiple toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia species during an economically impactful bloom along the North American West Coast, and identified genes that predict DA in advance of its production. We discovered that iron and silica co-limitation restrained the bloom and likely promoted toxin production. This work suggests that increasing iron limitation due to global change may play a previously unrecognized role in driving bloom frequency and toxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brunson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thukral, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolody, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leaw, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabines, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venepally, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudela, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.02.565333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Forecasting of Domoic Acid during a Pervasive Toxic Diatom Bloom]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.05.565706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zinc stimulation of coastal productivity in low carbon dioxide environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.05.565706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ocean acts as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon from the atmosphere and resulting in substantial uptake of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As biological processes in the oceans such as net primary production (NPP) contribute significantly to this sink, understanding how they will shift in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 is necessary to project future ocean carbon storage capacity. Macronutrient and micronutrient resource limitation within the oceans regulates NPP, and while some micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) are present at very low concentrations, their ability to limit NPP has remained unclear. Zn is a key micronutrient used by phytoplankton for a multitude of metabolic functions, yet there have been few observations of its influence on natural oceanic phytoplankton populations. In this study, we observed Zn limitation of growth in the natural phytoplankton community of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, in addition to primary iron (Fe) limitation. Shipboard incubation experiments amended with Zn and Fe resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll a content and dissolved inorganic carbon drawdown compared to Fe addition alone. Zn and Fe stress response proteins detected in incubation and environmental biomass provided independent verification of algal co-stress for these micronutrients. We consider total biomass and low surface ocean pCO2 as potential drivers of environmental Zn stress. This study definitively establishes that Zn limitation can occur in the modern oceans, opening up new possibility space in our understanding of nutrient regulation of NPP through geologic time, and we consider the future of oceanic Zn limitation in the face of climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kell, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subhas, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schanke, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lees, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chmiel, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brisbin, M. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIlvin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolinesi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangoni, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casotti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balestra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunbar, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiTullio, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.05.565706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zinc stimulation of coastal productivity in low carbon dioxide environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allosteric modulation by the fatty acid site in the glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The trimeric spike protein plays an essential role in the SARS-CoV-2 virus lifecycle, facilitating virus entry through binding to the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and mediating viral-host membrane fusion. The SARS-CoV-2 spike contains a fatty acid (FA) binding site at the interface between two neighbouring receptor-binding domains. This site, also found in some other coronaviruses, binds free fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Binding at this site locks the spike in a non-infectious, closed conformation. This site is coupled to functionally important regions, but the effects of glycans on these allosteric effects have not been investigated. Understanding allostery and how this site modulates the behaviour of the spike protein could potentiate the development of promising alternative strategies for new coronavirus therapies. Here, we apply dynamical nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (D-NEMD) simulations to investigate allosteric effects of the FA site in the fully glycosylated spike of the original SARS-CoV-2 ancestral variant. The results show allosteric networks that connect the FA site to important functional regions of the protein, including some more than 40 [A] away, including the receptor binding motif, an antigenic supersite in the N-terminal domain, the furin cleavage site, regions surrounding the fusion peptide, and another allosteric site known to bind heme and biliverdin. The networks identified here highlight the complexity of the allosteric modulation in this protein and reveal a striking and unexpected connection between different allosteric sites. Notably, 65% of amino acid substitutions, deletions and insertions in the Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and Omicron variants map onto or close to the identified allosteric pathways. Comparison of the FA site connections from D-NEMD in the glycosylated and non-glycosylated spikes revealed that the presence of glycans does not qualitatively change the internal allosteric pathways within the protein, with some glycans facilitating the transmission of the structural changes within and between subunits.

Significance statementThe spike protein is crucial for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, enabling the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. This protein contains several allosteric sites, including a fatty acid binding site at the interface between every two neighbouring receptor-binding domains. This site modulates the behaviour of the protein, with the binding of various free fatty acids and other small molecules influencing the spikes structure. In particular, the binding of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid molecule, stabilizes the protein in a non-infectious locked conformation, thus making it inaccessible for binding to human receptors. Here, we investigate how the fatty acid site modulates the structural and dynamical behaviour of the fully glycosylated protein. Our work reveals complex patterns of communication between the fatty acid site and functionally important regions of the spike (including the receptor binding motif, the antigenic supersite in the N-terminal domain, the heme/biliverdin site, furin cleavage site and the fusion-peptide surrounding regions) and shed new light on the roles of glycans in this protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A. S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffitzel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allosteric modulation by the fatty acid site in the glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arousal as a universal embedding for spatiotemporal brain dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural activity in awake organisms shows widespread and spatiotemporally diverse correlations with behavioral and physiological measurements. We propose that this covariation reflects in part the dynamics of a unified, multidimensional arousal-related process that regulates brain-wide physiology on the timescale of seconds. By framing this interpretation within dynamical systems theory, we arrive at a surprising prediction: that a single, scalar measurement of arousal (e.g., pupil diameter) should suffice to reconstruct the continuous evolution of multidimensional, spatiotemporal measurements of large-scale brain physiology. To test this hypothesis, we perform multimodal, cortex-wide optical imaging and behavioral monitoring in awake mice. We demonstrate that spatiotemporal measurements of neuronal calcium, metabolism, and brain blood-oxygen can be accurately and parsimoniously modeled from a low-dimensional state-space reconstructed from the time history of pupil diameter. Extending this framework to behavioral and electrophysiological measurements from the Allen Brain Observatory, we demonstrate the ability to integrate diverse experimental data into a unified generative model via mappings from an intrinsic arousal manifold. Our results support the hypothesis that spontaneous, spatially structured fluctuations in brain-wide physiology--widely interpreted to reflect regionally-specific neural communication--are in large part reflections of an arousal-related process. This enriched view of arousal dynamics has broad implications for interpreting observations of brain, body, and behavior as measured across modalities, contexts, and scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raut, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, Z. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raichle, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunton, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunton, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutz, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arousal as a universal embedding for spatiotemporal brain dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial Diversity and Chemical Ecology of Natural Product-Producing Bacteria from Great Salt Lake Sediment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Great Salt Lake (GSL), located northwest of Salt Lake City, UT, is the largest terminal lake in the United States. While the average salinity of seawater is [~]3.3%, the salinity in GSL ranges between 5-28%. In addition to being a hypersaline environment, GSL also contains toxic concentrations of heavy metals, such as arsenic, mercury, and lead. The extreme environment of GSL makes it an intriguing subject of study, both for its unique microbiome and its potential to harbor novel natural product-producing bacteria, which could be used as resources for the discovery of biologically active compounds. Though work has been done to survey and catalogue bacteria found in GSL, the Lakes microbiome is largely unexplored, and little-to-no work has been done to characterize the natural product potential of GSL microbes. Here, we investigate the bacterial diversity of two important regions within GSL, describe the first genomic characterization of Actinomycetota isolated from GSL sediment, including the identification of a new Saccharomonospora species, and provide the first survey of the natural product potential of GSL bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bring Horvath, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazelton, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenical, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.565188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial Diversity and Chemical Ecology of Natural Product-Producing Bacteria from Great Salt Lake Sediment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Both mOTS-words and pOTS-words prefer emoji stimuli over text stimuli during a reading task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The visual word form area in the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS), here referred to as OTS-words, responds more strongly to text than other visual stimuli and is crucial for reading. We hypothesized, that this text preference may be driven by a preference for reading tasks, as in most prior fMRI studies only the text stimuli were readable. Hence, we performed three fMRI experiments (N=15) and systematically varied the participant  s task and the stimulus, investigating mOTS-words and pOTS-words subregions. In experiment 1, we contrasted text stimuli with non-readable visual stimuli (faces, limbs, houses, objects). Experiment 2 utilized an fMRI adaptation paradigm, presenting compound words in text or emoji formats. In experiment 3, participants performed a reading or a color task on compound words in text or emoji format. Using experiment 1 data, we identified mOTS-words and pOTS-words by contrasting texts with non-readable stimuli. In experiment 2, pOTS-words, but not mOTS-words, showed fMRI adaptation for compound words in both text and emoji formats. In experiment 3, surprisingly, both subregions showed higher responses to compound words in emoji than text format. Moreover, mOTS-words showed higher responses during the reading than the color task and a task-stimulus interaction. Multivariate analyses revealed that distributed responses in pOTS-words encode the visual stimulus, while responses in mOTS-words encode both stimulus and task. Together, our findings suggest that the function of the OTS-words subregions goes beyond the specific visual processing of text and that these regions are flexibly recruited whenever semantic meaning needs to be assigned to visual input.

Significance StatementReading skills are essential in modern society and supported by a brain region in the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS-words) that is critical for fluent reading. Here we evaluated if responses in OTS-words are driven by the activity of reading or simply by seeing text or other readable symbols (emojis). We found that OTS-words can be divided into two sub-regions which both prefer readable emojis over text, whereas the anterior sub-region also prefers reading over other tasks. These results suggest that OTS-words is flexibly recruited to encode any readable visual stimulus, not just text. By demonstrating OTS-words   flexibility, this work reconciles previous contradictory findings on this regions   functional properties and inspires future research on OTS-words, including its emergence during literacy acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kular, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grill-Spector, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotheer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.565794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Both mOTS-words and pOTS-words prefer emoji stimuli over text stimuli during a reading task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting the properties of circulating IgG against Group A Streptococcus through a combined systems antigenomics-serology workflow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most individuals maintain circulating antibodies against various pathogenic bacteria as a consequence of previous exposures. However, it remains unclear to what extent these antibodies contribute to host protection. This knowledge gap is linked to the need for better methods to characterize antimicrobial polyclonal antibodies, including their antigen and epitope repertoires, subclass distribution, glycosylation status, and effector functions. Here, we showcase a generic mass spectrometry-based strategy that couples systems antigenomics and systems serology to characterize human antibodies directly in clinical samples. The method is based on automated affinity purification workflows coupled to an integrated suite of high-resolution MS-based quantitative, structural- and glyco-proteomics readouts.

We focused on Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS), a major human pathogen still awaiting an approved vaccine. Our methodology reveals that both healthy and GAS infected individuals have circulating Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against a subset of genomically conserved streptococcal proteins, including numerous toxins and virulence factors. The antigen repertoire targeted by these antibodies was relatively constant across healthy individuals, but considerably changed in GAS bacteremia. Detailed analysis of the antigen-specific IgG indicates inter-individual variation regarding titers, subclass distributions, and Fc-signaling capacity, but not in epitope and Fc-glycosylation patterns. Importantly, we show that the IgG subclass has a major impact on the ability of GAS-antibodies to trigger immune signaling, in an antigen- and Fc receptor-specific fashion. Overall, these results uncover exceeding complexity in the properties of GAS-specific IgG, and showcase our methodology as high-throughput and flexible workflow to understand adaptive immune responses to bacterial pathogens.

Significance statementMost people develop polyclonal antibodies against bacterial pathogens during infections but their structural and functional properties are poorly understood. Here, we showcase a combined systems antigenomics and systems serology strategy to quantify key antibody properties directly in clinical samples. We applied this method to characterize polyclonal antibody responses against Streptococcus pyogenes, a major human pathogen. We mapped the antigen and epitope landscape of anti-streptococcal antibodies circulating in healthy adult plasma, and their changes during blood infections. We further demonstrate the analytical power of our approach to resolve individual variations in the structure and effector functions of antigen-specific antibodies, including a dependency between immunoglobulin subclass and Fc-signaling capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malmstrom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Toledo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hjortswang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekstrom, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izadi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nordenfelt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmstrom, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.565977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting the properties of circulating IgG against Group A Streptococcus through a combined systems antigenomics-serology workflow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Universal Digital High Resolution Melt for the detection of pulmonary mold infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundInvasive mold infections (IMIs) such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, fusariosis, and lomentosporiosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients, with mortality rates as high as 40% to 80%. Outcomes could be substantially improved with early initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy, yet early diagnosis remains difficult to establish and often requires multidisciplinary teams evaluating clinical and radiological findings plus supportive mycological findings. Universal digital high resolution melting analysis (U-dHRM) may enable rapid and robust diagnosis of IMI. This technology aims to accomplish timely pathogen detection at the single genome level by conducting broad-based amplification of microbial barcoding genes in a digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) format, followed by high-resolution melting of the DNA amplicons in each digital reaction to generate organism-specific melt curve signatures that are identified by machine learning.

MethodsA universal fungal assay was developed for U-dHRM and used to generate a database of melt curve signatures for 19 clinically relevant fungal pathogens. A machine learning algorithm (ML) was trained to automatically classify these 19 fungal melt curves and detect novel melt curves. Performance was assessed on 73 clinical bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from patients suspected of IMI. Novel curves were identified by micropipetting U-dHRM reactions and Sanger sequencing amplicons.

ResultsU-dHRM achieved an average of 97% fungal organism identification accuracy and a turn-around-time of 4hrs. Pathogenic molds (Aspergillus, Mucorales, Lomentospora and Fusarium) were detected by U-dHRM in 73% of BALF samples suspected of IMI. Mixtures of pathogenic molds were detected in 19%. U-dHRM demonstrated good sensitivity for IMI, as defined by current diagnostic criteria, when clinical findings were also considered.

ConclusionsU-dHRM showed promising performance as a separate or combination diagnostic approach to standard mycological tests. The speed of U-dHRM and its ability to simultaneously identify and quantify clinically relevant mold pathogens in polymicrobial samples as well as detect emerging opportunistic pathogens may provide information that could aid in treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goshia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aralar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiederhold, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenks, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmakar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrivastava, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoenigl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Universal Digital High Resolution Melt for the detection of pulmonary mold infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONSULT-II: Accurate taxonomic identification and profiling using locality-sensitive hashing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Taxonomic classification of short reads and taxonomic profiling of metagenomic samples are well-studied yet challenging problems. The presence of species belonging to ranks without close representation in a reference dataset is particularly challenging. While k-mer-based methods have performed well in terms of running time and accuracy, they tend to have reduced accuracy for such novel species. Here, we show that using locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) can increase the sensitivity of the k-mer-based search. Our method, which combines LSH with several heuristics techniques including soft LCA labeling and voting is, more accurate than alternatives in both taxonomic classification of individual reads and abundance profiling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sapci, A. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachtman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONSULT-II: Accurate taxonomic identification and profiling using locality-sensitive hashing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social isolation recruits amygdala-cortical circuitry to escalate alcohol drinking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How do social factors impact the brain and contribute to increased alcohol drinking? We found that social rank predicts alcohol drinking, where subordinates drink more than dominants. Furthermore, social isolation escalates alcohol drinking, particularly impacting subordinates who display a greater increase in alcohol drinking compared to dominants. Using cellular resolution calcium imaging, we show that the basolateral amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (BLA-mPFC) circuit predicts alcohol drinking in a rank-dependent manner, unlike non-specific BLA activity. The BLA-mPFC circuit becomes hyperexcitable during social isolation, detecting social isolation states. Mimicking the observed increases in BLA-mPFC activity using optogenetics was sufficient to increase alcohol drinking, suggesting the BLA-mPFC circuit may be a neural substrate for the negative impact of social isolation. To test the hypothesis that the BLA-mPFC circuit conveys a signal induced by social isolation to motivate alcohol consumption, we first determined if this circuit detects social information. Leveraging optogenetics in combination with calcium imaging and SLEAP automated pose tracking, we found that BLA-mPFC circuitry governs social behavior and neural representation of social contact. We further show that BLA-mPFC stimulation mimics social isolation-induced mPFC encoding of sucrose and alcohol, and inhibition of the BLA-mPFC circuit decreases alcohol drinking following social isolation. Collectively, these data suggest the amygdala-cortical circuit mirrors a neural encoding state similar to social isolation and underlies social isolation-associated alcohol drinking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patarino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamintuan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschbach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Hoek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazares, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delahanty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libster, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wichmann, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social isolation recruits amygdala-cortical circuitry to escalate alcohol drinking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting Multiparametric Cerebral Hemodynamics using Integrated Ultrafast Ultrasound and Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding brain-wide hemodynamic responses to different stimuli at high spatiotemporal resolutions can help study neuro-disorders and brain functions. However, the existing brain imaging technologies have limited resolution, sensitivity, imaging depth and provide information about only one or two hemodynamic parameters. To address this, we propose a multimodal functional ultrasound and photoacoustic (fUSPA) imaging platform, which integrates ultrafast ultrasound and multispectral photoacoustic imaging methods in a compact head-mountable device, to quantitatively map cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen saturation (SO2) dynamics as well as contrast agent enhanced brain imaging with high spatiotemporal resolutions. After systematic characterization, the fUSPA system was applied to quantitatively study the changes in brain hemodynamics and vascular reactivity at single vessel resolution in response to hypercapnia stimulation. Our results show an overall increase in brain-wide CBV, CBF, and SO2, but regional differences in singular cortical veins and arteries and a reproducible anti-correlation pattern between venous and cortical hemodynamics, demonstrating the capabilities of the fUSPA system for providing multiparametric cerebrovascular information at high-resolution and sensitivity, that can bring insights into the complex mechanisms of neurodiseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaddale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drew, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gluckman, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothpalli, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting Multiparametric Cerebral Hemodynamics using Integrated Ultrafast Ultrasound and Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative mutant analyses reveal a novel mechanism of ARF regulation in land plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major challenge in plant biology is to understand how the plant hormone auxin regulates diverse transcriptional responses throughout development, in different environments, and in different species. The answer may lie in the specific complement of auxin signaling components in each cell. The balance between activators (class-A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS) and repressors (class-B ARFs) is particularly important. It is unclear how this balance is achieved. Through comparative analysis of novel, dominant mutants in maize and the moss Physcomitrium patens, we have discovered a [~]500-million-year-old mechanism of class-B ARF protein level regulation, important in determining cell fate decisions across land plants. Thus, our results add a key piece to the puzzle of how auxin regulates plant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prigge, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morffy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Neve, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szutu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juarez, M. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strader, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative mutant analyses reveal a novel mechanism of ARF regulation in land plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dilated cardiomyopathy mutation in beta-cardiac myosin enhances actin activation of the power stroke and phosphate release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inherited mutations in human beta-cardiac myosin (M2{beta}) can lead to severe forms of heart failure. The E525K mutation in M2{beta} is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and was found to stabilize the interacting heads motif (IHM) and autoinhibited super-relaxed (SRX) state in dimeric heavy meromyosin. However, in monomeric M2{beta} subfragment 1 (S1) we found that E525K enhances (3-fold) the maximum steady-state actin-activated ATPase activity (kcat) and decreases (6-fold) the actin concentration at which ATPase is one-half maximal (KATPase). We also found a 3 to 4-fold increase in the actin-activated power stroke and phosphate release rate constants at 30 M actin, which overall enhanced the duty ratio 3-fold. Loaded motility assays revealed that the enhanced intrinsic motor activity translates to increased ensemble force in M2{beta} S1. Glutamate 525, located near the actin binding region in the so-called activation loop, is highly conserved and predicted to form a salt-bridge with another conserved residue (lysine 484) in the relay helix. Enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations predict that the charge reversal mutation disrupts the E525-K484 salt-bridge, inducing conformations with a more flexible relay helix and a wide phosphate release tunnel. Our results highlight a highly conserved allosteric pathway associated with actin activation of the power stroke and phosphate release and suggest an important feature of the autoinhibited IHM is to prevent this region of myosin from interacting with actin. The ability of the E525K mutation to stabilize the IHM likely overrides the enhanced intrinsic motor properties, which may be key to triggering DCM pathogenesis.

Significance StatementHeart disease can be caused by inherited mutations in beta-cardiac myosin, the molecular motor that powers systolic contraction in the ventricles of the heart. However, it remains unclear how these mutations lead to contractile dysfunction and pathogenic remodeling of the heart. We investigated a unique dilated cardiomyopathy mutation (E525K) that dramatically stabilizes the autoinhibited state while enhancing intrinsic motor function. Thus, we examined how this mutation impacts transient kinetic steps of the ATPase cycle, motile properties, and structural changes associated with the power stroke and phosphate release. Our results provide a kinetic and structural basis for how beta-cardiac myosin mutations may disrupt molecular-level contractile function in complex ways, which may inform the development of targeted therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bodt, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasicci, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desetty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yengo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.10.566646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dilated cardiomyopathy mutation in beta-cardiac myosin enhances actin activation of the power stroke and phosphate release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome-wide base editor screens to assess phosphorylation site functionality in high-throughput 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling pathways that drive gene expression are typically depicted as having a dozen or so landmark phosphorylation and transcriptional events. In reality, thousands of dynamic post-translational modifications (PTMs) orchestrate nearly every cellular function, and we lack technologies to find causal links between these vast biochemical pathways and genetic circuits at scale. Here, we describe "signaling-to-transcription network" mapping through the development of PTM-centric base editing coupled to phenotypic screens, directed by temporally-resolved phosphoproteomics. Using T cell activation as a model, we observe hundreds of unstudied phosphorylation sites that modulate NFAT transcriptional activity. We identify the phosphorylation-mediated nuclear localization of the phosphatase PHLPP1 which promotes NFAT but inhibits NF{kappa}B activity. We also find that specific phosphosite mutants can alter gene expression in subtle yet distinct patterns, demonstrating the potential for fine-tuning transcriptional responses. Overall, base editor screening of PTM sites provides a powerful platform to dissect PTM function within signaling pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deh Sheikh, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olive, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matias, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirete, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doench, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottschalk, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Boer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newby, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.11.566649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome-wide base editor screens to assess phosphorylation site functionality in high-throughput]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell type-specific effects of age and sex on human cortical neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excitatory and inhibitory neurons establish specialized identities early in life through cell type-specific patterns of epigenetic regulation and gene expression. Although cell types are largely stable throughout the lifespan, altered transcriptional and epigenetic regulation may contribute to cognitive changes with advanced age. Using single-nucleus multiomic DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing (snmCT-seq) in frontal cortex samples from young adult and aged donors, we found widespread age- and sex-related variability in specific neuronal cell types. The proportion of GABAergic inhibitory cells, including SST and VIP expressing cells, was reduced in aged donors. On the other hand, excitatory neurons had more profound age-related changes in their gene expression and DNA methylation compared with inhibitory cells. Hundreds of genes involved in synaptic activity were downregulated, while genes located in subtelomeric regions were upregulated with age and anti-correlated with telomere length. We further mapped sex differences in autosomal gene expression and escape from X-inactivation in specific neuron types. Multiomic single-nucleus epigenomes and transcriptomes provide new insight into the effects of age and sex on human neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chien, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valadon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claffey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seeker, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.11.566717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell type-specific effects of age and sex on human cortical neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of LRRK2 designed ankyrin-repeat proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a large multidomain protein containing two catalytic domains, a kinase and a GTPase, as well protein interactions domains, including a WD40 domain. The association of increased LRRK2 kinase activity with both the familial and sporadic forms of Parkinsons disease (PD) has led to intense interest in determining its cellular function. However, small molecule probes that can bind to LRRK2 and report on or affect its activity are needed. Here, we identified a series of high-affinity LRRK2-binding designed ankyrin-repeat proteins (DARPins). One of these DARPins (E11) bound to the LRRK2 WD40 domain with high affinity. LRRK2 bound to DARPin E11 showed improved behavior on cryo-EM grids, resulting in higher resolution LRRK2 structures. DARPin E11 did not affect the catalytic activity of a truncated form of LRRK2 in vitro but decreased the phosphorylation of Rab8A, a LRRK2 substrate, in cells. We also found that DARPin E11 disrupts the formation of microtubule-associated LRRK2 filaments in cells, which are known to require WD40-based dimerization. Thus, DARPin E11 is a new tool to explore the function and dysfunction of LRRK2 and guide the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors that target the WD40 domain instead of the kinase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dederer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz Murillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karasmanis, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatch, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preuss, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul Azeez, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galicia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dreier, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluckthun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versees, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.14.567123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of LRRK2 designed ankyrin-repeat proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.566321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-antigen biosynthesis mediates evolutionary trade-offs within a simple community 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.566321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse populations of bacteriophages infect and co-evolve with their bacterial hosts. Although host recognition and infection occurs within microbiomes, the molecular mechanisms underlying host-phage interactions within a community context remain poorly studied. The biofilms (rinds) of aged cheeses contain taxonomically diverse microbial communities that follow reproducible growth patterns and can be manipulated under laboratory conditions. In this study, we use cheese as a model for studying phage-microbe interactions by identifying and characterising a tractable host-phage pair co-occurring within a model Brie community. We isolated novel bacteriophage TS33 that kills Hafnia sp. JB232 (hereafter Hafnia), a member of the model community. TS33 is easily propagated in the lab and naturally co-occurs in the cheese with the Brie community, rendering it a prime candidate for the study of host-phage interactions. We performed growth assays of the Hafnia, TS33 and the fungal community members, Geotrichum candidum and Penicillium camemberti. Employing Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing (RB-TnSeq) experiments, we identified candidate host factors that contribute to TS33 infectivity, many of which are critical to the integrity of bacterial O-antigen. Notably, disruption of these genes results in decreased susceptibility to infection by phage TS33, while simultaneously exhibiting a significant negative effect on the fitness of Hafnia in the presence of the fungi. Therefore, O-antigen mutations may have pleiotropic effects on the interactions between Hafnia and the rest of the Brie community. Ongoing and future studies aim to unearth the molecular mechanisms by which the O-antigen of Hafnia mediates its interactions with its viral and fungal partners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spencer-Drakes, T. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarabia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heussler, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutton, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villareal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.566321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-antigen biosynthesis mediates evolutionary trade-offs within a simple community]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High quality, high throughput, and low-cost simultaneous video recording of 60 animals in operant chambers using PiRATeMC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe development of Raspberry Pi-based recording devices for video analyses of drug self-administration studies has shown to be promising in terms of affordability, customizability, and capacity to extract in-depth behavioral patterns. Yet, most video recording systems are limited to a few cameras making them incompatible with large-scale studies.

New MethodWe expanded the PiRATeMC (Pi-based Remote Acquisition Technology for Motion Capture) recording system by increasing its scale, modifying its code, and adding equipment to accommodate large-scale video acquisition, accompanied by data on the throughput capabilities, video fidelity, synchronicity of devices, and comparisons between the Raspberry Pi 3B+ and 4B models.

ResultsUsing PiRATeMC default recording parameters resulted in minimal storage ([~]350MB/h), high throughput (< [~]120 seconds/Pi), high video fidelity, and synchronicity within [~]0.02 seconds, affording the ability to simultaneously record 60 animals in individual self-administration chambers at a fraction of current commercial costs. No consequential differences were found between Raspberry Pi 3B+ and 4B models.

Comparison with Existing Method(s)This system allows greater acquisition of video data simultaneously than other video recording systems by an order of magnitude with less storage needs and lower costs. Additionally, we report in-depth quantitative assessments of throughput, fidelity, and synchronicity, displaying real-time system capabilities.

ConclusionsThe system presented is able to be fully installed in a months time by a single technician and provides a scalable, low cost, and quality-assured procedure with a high-degree of customization and synchronicity between recording devices, capable of recording a large number of subjects with high turnover in a variety of species and settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramborger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High quality, high throughput, and low-cost simultaneous video recording of 60 animals in operant chambers using PiRATeMC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal Tree Metric Matching Enables Phylogenomic Branch Length Reconciliation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The abundant discordance between evolutionary relationships across the genome has rekindled interest in methods for comparing and averaging trees on a shared leaf set. However, compared to tree topology, where much progress has been made, handling branch lengths has been more challenging. Species tree branch lengths can be measured in various units, often different from gene trees. Moreover, rates of evolution change across the genome, the species tree, and specific branches of gene trees. These factors compound the stochasticity of coalescence times and estimation noise, making branch lengths highly heterogeneous across the genome. For many downstream applications in phylogenomic analyses, branch lengths are as important as the topology, and yet, existing tools to compare and combine weighted trees are limited. In this paper, we address the question of matching one tree to another, accounting for their branch lengths. We define a series of computational problems called Topology-Constrained Metric Matching (TCMM) that seek to transform the branch lengths of a query tree based on a reference tree. We show that TCMM problems can be solved efficiently using a linear algebraic formulation coupled with dynamic programming preprocessing. While many applications can be imagined for this framework, we explore two applications in this paper: embedding leaves of gene trees in Euclidean space to find outliers potentially indicative of errors, and summarizing gene tree branch lengths onto the species tree. In these applications, our method, when paired with existing methods, increases their accuracy at limited computational expense.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arasti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabaghi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabatabaee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal Tree Metric Matching Enables Phylogenomic Branch Length Reconciliation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the Functional Roles of Individual Cancer Alleles Across Comprehensive Cancer Genomic Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer genome data has been growing in both size and complexity, primarily driven by advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, such as Pan-cancer data from TCGA, ICGC, and single-cell sequencing. Yet, discerning the functional role of individual genomic lesions remains a substantial challenge due to the complexity and scale of the data. Previously, we introduced REVEALER, which identifies groups of genomic alterations that significantly associate with target functional profiles or phenotypes, such as pathway activation, gene dependency, or drug response. In this paper, we present a new mathematical formulation of the algorithm. This version (REVEALER 2.0) is considerably more powerful than the original, allowing for rapid processing and analysis of much larger datasets and facilitating higher-resolution discoveries at the level of individual alleles. REVEALER 2.0 employs the Conditional Information Coefficient (CIC) to pinpoint features that are either complementary or mutually exclusive but still correlate with the target functional profile. The aggregation of these features provides a better explanation for the target functional profile than any single alteration on its own. This is indicative of scenarios where several activating genomic lesions can initiate or stimulate a key pathway or process. We replaced the initial three-dimensional kernel estimation with multiple precomputed one-dimensional kernel estimations, resulting in an approximate 150x increase in speed and efficiency. This improvement, combined with its efficient execution, makes REVEALER 2.0 suitable for much larger datasets and a more extensive range of genomic challenges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.14.567106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the Functional Roles of Individual Cancer Alleles Across Comprehensive Cancer Genomic Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular determinants of antagonist interactions with chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By driving monocyte chemotaxis, the chemokine receptor CCR2 shapes inflammatory responses and the formation of tumor microenvironments. This makes it a promising target in inflammation and immuno-oncology; however, despite extensive efforts, there are no FDA-approved CCR2-targeting therapeutics. Cited challenges include the redundancy of the chemokine system, suboptimal properties of compound candidates, and species differences that confound the translation of results from animals to humans. Structure-based drug design can rationalize and accelerate the discovery and optimization of CCR2 antagonists to address these challenges. The prerequisites for such efforts include an atomic-level understanding of the molecular determinants of action of existing antagonists.

In this study, using molecular docking and artificial-intelligence-powered compound library screening, we uncover the structural principles of small molecule antagonism and selectivity towards CCR2 and its sister receptor CCR5. CCR2 orthosteric inhibitors are shown to universally occupy an inactive-state-specific tunnel between receptor helices 1 and 7; we also discover an unexpected role for an extra-helical groove accessible through this tunnel, suggesting its potential as a new targetable interface for CCR2 and CCR5 modulation. By contrast, only shape complementarity and limited helix 8 hydrogen bonding govern the binding of various chemotypes of allosteric antagonists. CCR2 residues S1012.63 and V2446.36 are implicated as determinants of CCR2/CCR5 and human/mouse orthosteric and allosteric antagonist selectivity, respectively, and the role of S1012.63 is corroborated through experimental gain-of-function mutagenesis. We establish a critical role of induced fit in antagonist recognition, reveal strong chemotype selectivity of existing structures, and demonstrate the high predictive potential of a new deep-learning-based compound scoring function. Finally, this study expands the available CCR2 structural landscape with computationally generated chemotype-specific models well-suited for structure-based antagonist design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dawson, J. R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadman, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shroka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrega-Roman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salanga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.567150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular determinants of antagonist interactions with chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Use of dye sensitizers for increased photoacoustic mechanosensation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.567262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The photoacoustic effect refers to the generation of pressure waves in matter stimulated by light[1]. In the context of radiology (i.e., photoacoustic imaging) waves generated by pulsed laser light are detected by an ultrasound transducer[2-4]. It has been shown that photoacoustic waves produce a mechanical, tactile sensation in humans on bare skin[5]. In a series of psychophysical experiments, performed with both medical grade and off-the-shelf pulsed light systems, participants could detect, categorically describe, and discern the direction of travel of pulsed optical stimuli with the use of a dye as an optical absorber on the skin. To a large extent, the sensations were perceived as localized vibration on the glabrous surface of the fingers, when sensitized with the thin film of dye. This form of sensory stimulation demonstrates an enhanced non-contact, non-optogenetic, in situ activation of the mechanosensory system. This modality of sensation may provide a tool that leads to new insights in psychology, neuroscience, mechanobiology, and the health sciences. Finally, it has many advantageous characteristics for human interaction with artificial environments, as optical signals can be projected onto the skin across distances.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rafeedi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becerra, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Root, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esparza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouw, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jokerst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipomi, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.567262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Use of dye sensitizers for increased photoacoustic mechanosensation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.18.567655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environment-independent distribution of mutational effects emerges from microscopic epistasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.18.567655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting how new mutations alter phenotypes is difficult because mutational effects vary across genotypes and environments. Recently discovered global epistasis, where the fitness effects of mutations scale with the fitness of the background genotype, can improve predictions, but how the environment modulates this scaling is unknown. We measured the fitness effects of [~]100 insertion mutations in 42 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in six laboratory environments and found that the global-epistasis scaling is nearly invariant across environments. Instead, the environment tunes one global parameter, the background fitness at which most mutations switch sign. As a consequence, the distribution of mutational effects is predictable across genotypes and environments. Our results suggest that the effective dimensionality of genotype-to-phenotype maps across environments is surprisingly low.

One Sentence SummaryThe effects of mutations on microbial growth rate follow a pattern of global epistasis that is invariant across environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ardell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martsul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.18.567655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environment-independent distribution of mutational effects emerges from microscopic epistasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.567575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment followed by vaccination shifts human memory B cell epitope recognition suggesting antibody feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.567575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been extensively studied in humans, but the impact on immune memory of mAb treatment during an ongoing immune response has remained unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of infusion of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) mAb bamlanivimab on memory B cells (MBCs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Bamlanivimab treatment skewed the repertoire of memory B cells targeting Spike towards non-RBD epitopes. Furthermore, the relative affinity of RBD memory B cells was weaker in mAb-treated individuals compared to placebo-treated individuals over time. Subsequently, after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, memory B cell differences persisted and mapped to a specific defect in recognition of the class II RBD site, the same RBD epitope recognized by bamlanivimab. These findings indicate a substantial role of antibody feedback in regulating human memory B cell responses, both to infection and vaccination. These data indicate that mAb administration can promote alterations in the epitopes recognized by the B cell repertoire, and the single administration of mAb can continue to determine the fate of B cells in response to additional antigen exposures months later.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEvaluating the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection requires a comprehensive understanding of their impact on B cell responses at the cellular level and how these responses are shaped after vaccination. We report for the first time the effect of bamlanivimab on SARS-CoV-2 specific human memory B cells of COVID-19 infected humans receiving, or not, mRNA immunization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coelho, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaps, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sieg, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greninger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eron, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currier, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klekotka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohl, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daar, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines: 2/A5401 (ACTIV-2/A5401) Study Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.567575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody treatment followed by vaccination shifts human memory B cell epitope recognition suggesting antibody feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aalbo1200: global genetic differentiation and variability of the mosquito Aedes albopictus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mosquito Aedes albopictus transmits human viruses including dengue and chikungunya and is an extremely successful invasive species expanding into new regions of the world. New tools are needed to complement existing tools to help monitor and control this species. Genomic resources are improving for this species including genome reference sequences, and whole genome sequencing data will help to catalog genetic diversity in this species and further enable genetic analysis. We collected populations of Ae. albopictus from throughout its distribution and generated whole genome sequencing data from population samples. These data will be used to address a number of basic and applied questions for this species. Here, we show genetic differentiation patterns among the tropical and temperate forms, as well as finer scale genetic clustering at the regional and population scale. These data and results will be a valuable resource for further study and tool development for this species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonizzoni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caputo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosme, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Marco, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>della Torre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estallo, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maringer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mains, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maynard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livdahl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarafia, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Severson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surendran, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuno, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahid, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aalbo1200: global genetic differentiation and variability of the mosquito Aedes albopictus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.567373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyglucosan body density in the aged mouse hippocampus is controlled by a novel modifier locus on chromosome 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.567373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In aged humans and mice, aggregates of hypobranched glycogen molecules called polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) accumulate in hippocampal astrocytes. PGBs are known to drive cognitive decline in neurological diseases but remain largely unstudied in the context of typical brain aging. Here, we show that PGBs arise in autophagy-dysregulated astrocytes of the aged C57BL/6J mouse hippocampus. To map the genetic cause of age-related PGB accumulation, we quantified PGB burden in 32 fully sequenced BXD-recombinant inbred mouse strains, which display a 400-fold variation in hippocampal PGB burden at 16-18 months of age. A major modifier locus was mapped to chromosome 1 at 72-75 Mb, which we defined as the Pgb1 locus. To evaluate candidate genes and downstream mechanisms by which Pgb1 controls the aggregation of glycogen, extensive hippocampal transcriptomic and proteomic datasets were produced for aged mice of the BXD family. We utilized these datasets to identify Smarcal1 and Usp37 as potential regulators of PGB accumulation. To assess the effect of PGB burden on age-related cognitive decline, we performed phenome-wide association scans, transcriptomic analyses as well as conditioned fear memory and Y-maze testing. Importantly, we did not find any evidence suggesting a negative impact of PGBs on cognition. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the Pgb1 locus controls glycogen aggregation in astrocytes of the aged hippocampus without affecting age-related cognitive decline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Pascual, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glikman, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, H. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomkins, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashbrook, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczorowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Killmar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mozhui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aebersold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overall, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jucker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bakker, D. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.567373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyglucosan body density in the aged mouse hippocampus is controlled by a novel modifier locus on chromosome 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering luminopsins with improved coupling efficiencies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SignificanceLuminopsins (LMOs) are bioluminescent-optogenetic tools with a luciferase fused to an opsin that allow bimodal control of neurons by providing both optogenetic and chemogenetic access. Determining which design features contribute to the efficacy of LMOs will be beneficial for further improving LMOs for use in research.

AimWe investigated the relative impact of luciferase brightness, opsin sensitivity, pairing of emission and absorption wavelength, and arrangement of moieties on the function of LMOs.

ApproachWe quantified efficacy of LMOs through whole cell patch clamp recordings in HEK293 cells by determining coupling efficiency, the percentage of maximum LED induced photocurrent achieved with bioluminescent activation of an opsin. We confirmed key results by multielectrode array (MEAs) recordings in primary neurons.

ResultsLuciferase brightness and opsin sensitivity had the most impact on the efficacy of LMOs, and N-terminal fusions of luciferases to opsins performed better than C-terminal and multi-terminal fusions. Precise paring of luciferase emission and opsin absorption spectra appeared to be less critical.

ConclusionsWhole cell patch clamp recordings allowed us to quantify the impact of different characteristics of LMOs on their function. Our results suggest that coupling brighter bioluminescent sources to more sensitive opsins will improve LMO function. As bioluminescent activation of opsins is most likely based on Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET), the most effective strategy for improving LMOs further will be molecular evolution of luciferase-fluorescent protein-opsin fusions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slaviero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorantla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simkins, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikefuama, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tree, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorefeldt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering luminopsins with improved coupling efficiencies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human extracellular sulfatases use a dual mechanism for regulation of growth factor interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane-associated heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (PGs) contribute to the regulation of extracellular cellular signaling cues, such as growth factors (GFs) and chemokines, essential for normal organismal functions and implicated in various pathophysiologies. PGs accomplish this by presenting high affinity binding sites for GFs and their receptors through highly sulfated regions of their HS polysaccharide chains. The composition of HS, and thus GF-binding specificity, are determined during biosynthetic assembly prior to installation at the cell surface. Two extracellular 6-O-endosulfatase enzymes (Sulf-1 and Sulf-2) can uniquely further edit mature HS and alter its interactions with GFs by removing specific sulfation motifs from their recognition sequence on HS. Despite being implicated as signaling regulators during development and in disease, the Sulfs have resisted structural characterization, and their substrate specificity and effects on GF interactions with HS are still poorly defined. Using a panel of PG-mimetics comprising compositionally-defined bioengineered recombinant HS (rHS) substrates in combination with GF binding and enzyme activity assays, we have discovered that Sulfs control GF-HS interactions through a combination of catalytic processing and competitive blocking of high affinity GF-binding sites, providing a new conceptual framework for understanding the functional impact of these enzymes in biological context. Although the contributions from each mechanism are both Sulf- and GF-dependent, the PG-mimetic platform allows for rapid analysis of these complex relationships.

Significance StatementCells rely on extracellular signals such as growth factors (GFs) to mediate critical biological functions. Membrane-associated proteins bearing negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) sugar chains engage with GFs and present them to their receptors, which regulates their activity. Two extracellular sulfatase (Sulf) enzymes can edit HS and alter GF interactions and activity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. By using chemically defined HS-mimetics as probes, we have discovered that Sulfs can modulate HS by means of catalytic alterations and competitive blocking of GF-binding sites. These unique dual activities distinguish Sulfs from other enzymes and provide clues to their roles in development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Timm, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Follmar, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porell, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thacker, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human extracellular sulfatases use a dual mechanism for regulation of growth factor interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome wide detection of somatic mosaicism at short tandem repeats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationSomatic mosaicism, in which a mutation occurs post-zygotically, has been implicated in several developmental disorders, cancers, and other diseases. Short tandem repeats (STRs) consist of repeated sequences of 1-6bp and comprise more than 1 million loci in the human genome. Somatic mosaicism at STRs is known to play a key role in the pathogenicity of loci implicated in repeat expansion disorders and is highly prevalent in cancers exhibiting microsatellite instability. While a variety of tools have been developed to genotype germline variation at STRs, a method for systematically identifying mosaic STRs (mSTRs) is lacking.

ResultsWe introduce prancSTR, a novel method for detecting mSTRs from individual high-throughput sequencing datasets. Unlike many existing mosaicism detection methods for other variant types, prancSTR does not require a matched control sample as input. We show that prancSTR accurately identifies mSTRs in simulated data and demonstrate its feasibility by identifying candidate mSTRs in whole genome sequencing (WGS) data derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines for individuals sequenced by the 1000 Genomes Project. Our analysis identified an average of 76 and 577 non-homopolymer and homopolymer mSTRs respectively per cell line as well as multiple cell lines with outlier mSTR counts more than 6 times the population average, suggesting a subset of cell lines have particularly high STR instability rates.

AvailabilityprancSTR is freely available at https://github.com/gymrek-lab/trtools.

DocumentationDetailed documentation is available at https://trtools.readthedocs.io/

Contactmgymrek@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sehgal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziaei Jam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome wide detection of somatic mosaicism at short tandem repeats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activatable prodrug for controlled release of an antimicrobial peptide via the proteases overexpressed in Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the controlled release of an antimicrobial peptide using enzyme-activatable prodrugs to treat and detect Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Our motivation lies in the prevalence of these microorganisms in the subgingival area where the frequency of fungal colonization increases with periodontal disease. This work is based on an antimicrobial peptide that is both therapeutic and induces a color change in a nanoparticle reporter. This antimicrobial peptide was then built into a zwitterionic prodrug that quenches its activity until activation by a protease inherent to these pathogens of interest: SAP9 or RgpB for C. albicans and P. gingivalis, respectively. We first confirmed that the intact zwitterionic prodrug has negligible toxicity to fungal, bacterial, and mammalian cells absent a protease trigger. Next, the therapeutic impact was assessed via disk diffusion and viability assays and showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.1 - 16 {micro}g/mL, which is comparable to the antimicrobial peptide alone (absent integration into prodrug). Finally, the zwitterionic design was exploited for colorimetric detection of C. albicans and P. gingivalis proteases. When the prodrugs were cleaved, the plasmonic nanoparticles aggregated causing a color change with a limit of detection of 10 nM with gold nanoparticles and 3 nM with silver nanoparticles. This approach has value as a convenient and selective protease sensing and protease-induced treatment mechanism based on bioinspired antimicrobial peptides.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=78 SRC="FIGDIR/small/568833v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (26K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e9cf5corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12cb36forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b862f7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@697946_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Retout, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jokerst, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.568833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activatable prodrug for controlled release of an antimicrobial peptide via the proteases overexpressed in Candida albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High resolution long-read telomere sequencing reveals dynamic mechanisms in aging and cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomeres are the protective nucleoprotein structures at the end of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Telomeres repetitive nature and length have traditionally challenged the precise assessment of the composition and length of individual human telomeres. Here, we present Telo-seq to resolve bulk, chromosome arm-specific and allele-specific human telomere lengths using Oxford Nanopore Technologies native long-read sequencing. Telo-seq resolves telomere shortening in five population doubling increments and reveals intrasample, chromosome arm-specific, allele-specific telomere length heterogeneity. Telo-seq can reliably discriminate between telomerase- and ALT-positive cancer cell lines. Thus, Telo-seq is a novel tool to study telomere biology during development, aging, and cancer at unprecedented resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rughani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haggblom, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karlseder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High resolution long-read telomere sequencing reveals dynamic mechanisms in aging and cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Upper bound on the mutational burden imposed by a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-drive element 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.569142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives (CCGDs) are powerful tools for genetic control of wild populations, with applications from disease eradication to species conservation. However, Cas9 alone and in a complex with gRNA can cause double-stranded DNA breaks at off-target sites, which could increase the mutational load and lead to unintended loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events. These undesired effects raise potential concerns about the long-term evolutionary safety of CCGDs, but the magnitude of these effects is unknown. To measure how the presence of a CCGD or a Cas9 alone in the genome affects the rates of LOH events and de novo mutations, we carried out a mutation accumulation experiment in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found no detectable effects on the genome-wide rates of mutations or LOH events. Our power calculations suggest that CCGD or Cas9 affect these rates by less than 30%, which is much less than natural variation for these traits in yeast. A more detailed examination shows that CCGD or Cas9 may alter the lengths and genomic distributions of LOH events, but the statistical support for these effects is weak. Thus, our results demonstrate that CCGDs impose at most a weak additional mutational burden in the yeast model. Although mutagenic effects of gene drives need to be further evaluated in other systems, our results add credence to the proposition that the evolutionary risks posed by well designed gene drives are likely acceptable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Overton, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guy, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martsul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carolino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.569142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Upper bound on the mutational burden imposed by a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-drive element]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.566473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Y and Mitochondrial Chromosomes in the Heterogeneous Stock Rat Population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.566473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies typically evaluate the autosomes and sometimes the X Chromosome, but seldom consider the Y or mitochondrial Chromosomes. We genotyped the Y and mitochondrial chromosomes in heterogeneous stock rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were created in 1984 by intercrossing eight inbred strains and have subsequently been maintained as an outbred population for 100 generations. As the Y and mitochondrial Chromosomes do not recombine, we determined which founder had contributed these chromosomes for each rat, and then performed association analysis for all complex traits (n=12,055; intersection of 12,116 phenotyped and 15,042 haplotyped rats).

We found the eight founders had 8 distinct Y and 4 distinct mitochondrial Chromosomes, however only two of each were observed in our modern heterogeneous stock rat population (Generations 81-97). Despite the unusually large sample size, the p-value distribution did not deviate from expectations; there were no significant associations for behavioral, physiological, metabolome, or microbiome traits after correcting for multiple comparisons. However, both Y and mitochondrial Chromosomes were strongly associated with expression of a few genes located on those chromosomes, which provided a positive control. Our results suggest that within modern heterogeneous stock rats there are no Y and mitochondrial Chromosomes differences that strongly influence behavioral or physiological traits. These results do not address other ancestral Y and mitochondrial Chromosomes that do not appear in modern heterogeneous stock rats, nor do they address effects that may exist in other rat populations, or in other species.

Article SummaryHeterogeneous stock rats were created in 1984 by intercrossing eight inbred strains. This genetically and phenotypically diverse population has been used for numerous genetic studies. We developed a method (leveraging existing data) to identify the founder strain origin of Y and mitochondrial Chromosomes in modern heterogeneous stock rats. We examined effects of these chromosomes genotype on behavioral, physiological, and gene expression traits among 12,055 rats. We found no significant associations, except for expression of genes located on these chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanches, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NIDA Center for GWAS in Outbred Rats,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.566473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Y and Mitochondrial Chromosomes in the Heterogeneous Stock Rat Population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigation of astrocytes' morphological changes in response to laser-induced shockwave 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) arises from an external force affecting the brain, leading to a range of outcomes from mild to severe. Despite continuous scientific advancements, it continues to pose a persistent threat and remains a significant cause of physical impairment and mortality.

Various models, including blast-induced TBI (bTBI), have been proposed to simulate TBI. Laser-induced shockwaves (LIS) us emerging as an effective method. LIS generates shockwaves via pulsed laser-induced plasma formation, offering a controlled means to study TBI at the cellular level. Astrocytes, pivotal in maintaining brain function post-injury, undergo dynamic morphological changes, contributing to the understanding of injury responses and neurodegenerative diseases.

This study introduces a system combining Laser-Induced Shockwaves (LIS) and Quantitative Phase Microscopy (QPM) to quantify morphological changes in astrocytes during and after LIS exposure. QPM, a label-free method, facilitates 3D imaging and captures real-time cellular dynamics. The integration of LIS and QPM enables the assessment of astrocyte responses to shear stress caused by LIS, revealing immediate and sustained morphological transformations.

Analysis post-LIS exposure indicates significant alterations in circularity, volume, surface area, and other features. Statistical tests affirm of observed trends, providing insights into astrocyte responses to mechanical forces. The findings contribute to understanding how mechanical stimuli impact astrocyte morphology, holding promise for targeted therapeutic strategies in traumatic brain injuries and related neurological disorders. The integrated LIS and QPM approach serves as a powerful tool for 3D imaging and quantitative measurement of astrocyte morphological changes, offering deeper insights into cellular dynamics and potential therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pouladian, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakida, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Godinez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preece, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigation of astrocytes' morphological changes in response to laser-induced shockwave]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perineuronal nets and the neuronal extracellular matrix can be imaged by genetically encoded labeling of HAPLN1 in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal extracellular matrix (ECM) and a specific form of ECM called the perineuronal net (PNN) are important structures for central nervous system (CNS) integrity and synaptic plasticity. PNNs are distinctive, dense extracellular structures that surround parvalbumin (PV)-positive inhibitory interneurons with openings at mature synapses. Enzyme-mediated PNN disruption can erase established memories and re-open critical periods in animals, suggesting that PNNs are important for memory stabilization and conservation. Here, we characterized the structure and distribution of several ECM/PNN molecules around neurons in culture, brain slice, and whole mouse brain. While specific lectins are well-established as PNN markers and label a distinct, fenestrated structure around PV neurons, we show that other CNS neurons possess similar extracellular structures assembled around hyaluronic acid, suggesting a PNN-like structure of different composition that is more widespread. We additionally report that genetically encoded labeling of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) reveals a PNN-like structure around many neurons in vitro and in vivo. Our findings add to our understanding of neuronal extracellular structures and describe a new mouse model for monitoring live ECM dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lev-Ram, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsien, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perineuronal nets and the neuronal extracellular matrix can be imaged by genetically encoded labeling of HAPLN1 in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding and exploitation of host stress responses to protein production using novel transcriptomic analytics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predictable expression of heterologous genes in a production host is a fundamental challenge in biotechnology. While traditional methods focus on manipulating expression and the property of the heterologous gene, a systems biology approach can complement with designs to improve the host itself. Previously, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) of the RNAseq data helped reveal independently modulated gene sets (iModulons) in bacteria. This was later applied to identify common stress responses related to heterologous gene expression for Escherichia coli. In this study, we expand this analysis with additional non-enzymatic proteins and apply our findings to design novel protein production optimization. By leveraging the Precise-1K transcriptomics knowledge base, we identify three iModulons as novel transcriptional responses to protein production stress; Cold Shock, gcvB sRNA, and the uncharacterized UC-9 iModulons. By studying the gene membership in the UC-9 iModulon, we discover effective novel design targets for improving protein production. This study demonstrates the value of big data analytics and systems understanding of host responses for designing novel strategies to optimize protein production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rode, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beulig, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonsson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noerholm, M. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding and exploitation of host stress responses to protein production using novel transcriptomic analytics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic Mosaicism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Widespread Degeneration from Focal Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although mutations in many genes cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, most cases are sporadic (sALS and sFTD) with unclear etiology. We tested whether somatic mutations contribute to sALS and sFTD by deep targeted sequencing of 88 neurodegeneration-related genes in postmortem brain and spinal cord samples from 399 sporadic cases and 144 controls. Predicted deleterious somatic variants in ALS/FTD genes were observed in 2.1% of sporadic cases lacking deleterious germline variants. These variants occurred at very low allele fractions (typically <2%) and were often focal and enriched in disease-affected regions. Analysis of bulk RNA-seq data from an additional cohort identified deleterious somatic variants in DYNC1H1 and LMNA, genes associated with pediatric motor neuron degeneration. Targeted long-read sequencing further identified one sFTD case with de novo somatic C9orf72 repeat expansions. Together, these findings suggest that rare, focal somatic variants can contribute to sALS and sFTD and drive widespread neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhouk, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morillo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenny, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neil, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohkubo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansorge, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrow, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagier-Tourenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic Mosaicism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Widespread Degeneration from Focal Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracellular Ebola Virus nucleocapsid assembly revealed by in situ cryo-electron tomography. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, cause hemorrhagic fevers with up to 90% lethality. The viral nucleocapsid is assembled by polymerization of the nucleoprotein (NP) along the viral genome, together with the viral proteins VP24 and VP35. We employed cryo-electron tomography of cells transfected with viral proteins and infected with model Ebola virus, to illuminate assembly intermediates as well as a 9[A] map of the complete intracellular assembly. This structure reveals a previously unresolved, third, and outer layer of NP complexed with VP35. The intrinsically-disordered-region together with the C-terminal domain of this outer layer of NP provides the constant-width between intracellular nucleocapsid bundles and likely functions as a flexible tether to the viral matrix protein in virion. A comparison of intracellular nucleocapsid with prior in-virion nucleocapsid structures reveals the nucleocapsid further condenses vertically in-virion. The interfaces responsible for nucleocapsid assembly are highly conserved and offer targets for broadly effective antivirals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zyla, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schendel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saphire, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular Ebola Virus nucleocapsid assembly revealed by in situ cryo-electron tomography.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial protein heterogeneity stems from the stochastic nature of co-translational protein targeting in cell senescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A decline in mitochondrial function is a hallmark of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been proposed that changes in mitochondrial morphology, including fragmentation of the tubular mitochondrial network, can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, yet the mechanism of this loss of function is unclear. Most proteins contained within mitochondria are nuclear-encoded and must be properly targeted to the mitochondria. Here, we report that sustained mRNA localization and co-translational protein delivery leads to a heterogeneous protein distribution across fragmented mitochondria. We find that age-induced mitochondrial fragmentation drives a substantial increase in protein expression noise across fragments. Using a translational kinetic and molecular diffusion model, we find that protein expression noise is explained by the nature of stochastic compartmentalization and that co-translational protein delivery is the main contributor to increased heterogeneity. We observed that cells primarily reduce the variability in protein distribution by utilizing mitochondrial fission-fusion processes rather than relying on the mitophagy pathway. Furthermore, we are able to reduce the heterogeneity of the protein distribution by inhibiting co-translational protein targeting. This research lays the framework for a better understanding of the detrimental impact of mitochondrial fragmentation on the physiology of cells in aging and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viana, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafelski, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuboi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.03.569753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial protein heterogeneity stems from the stochastic nature of co-translational protein targeting in cell senescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A foundational atlas of autism protein interactions reveals molecular convergence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.569805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translating high-confidence (hc) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genes into viable treatment targets remains elusive. We constructed a foundational protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in HEK293T cells involving 100 hcASD risk genes, revealing over 1,800 PPIs (87% novel). Interactors, expressed in the human brain and enriched for ASD but not schizophrenia genetic risk, converged on protein complexes involved in neurogenesis, tubulin biology, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin modification. A PPI map of 54 patient-derived missense variants identified differential physical interactions, and we leveraged AlphaFold-Multimer predictions to prioritize direct PPIs and specific variants for interrogation in Xenopus tropicalis and human forebrain organoids. A mutation in the transcription factor FOXP1 led to reconfiguration of DNA binding sites and altered development of deep cortical layer neurons in forebrain organoids. This work offers new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying ASD and describes a powerful platform to develop and test therapeutic strategies for many genetically-defined conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vartak, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaltsman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naing, Z. Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hennick, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polacco, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bashir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckhardt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouhaddou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guiley, K. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khare, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drury, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkhairy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasnoff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbalaez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chag, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgeron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finkbeiner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltrao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willsey, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obernier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenhain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>State, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willsey, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.03.569805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A foundational atlas of autism protein interactions reveals molecular convergence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Innate extracellular Hsp70 inflammatory properties are mediated by the interaction of Siglec-E and LOX-1 receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate immune responses to cell damage-associated molecular patterns induce a controlled degree of inflammation, ideally avoiding the promotion of intense unwanted inflammatory adverse events. When released by damaged cells, Hsp70 can stimulate different responses that range from immune activation to immune suppression. The effects of Hsp70 are mediated through innate receptors expressed primarily by myeloid cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). The regulatory innate receptors that bind to extracellular mouse Hsp70 (mHsp70) are not fully characterized, and neither are their potential interactions with activating innate receptors. Here, we describe that extracellular mHsp70 interacts with a receptor complex formed by inhibitory Siglec-E and activating LOX-1 on DCs. We also find that this interaction takes place within lipid microdomains, and Siglec-E acts as a negative regulator of LOX-1-mediated innate activation upon mHsp70 or oxidized LDL binding. Thus, HSP70 can both bind to and modulate the interaction of inhibitory and activating innate receptors on the cell surface. These findings add another dimension of regulatory mechanism to how self-molecules contribute to dampening of exacerbated inflammatory responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borges, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murshid, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lape, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigo, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddiqui, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riella, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonorino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderwood, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Innate extracellular Hsp70 inflammatory properties are mediated by the interaction of Siglec-E and LOX-1 receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor microenvironmental determinants of high-risk DCIS progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.01.569676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACT/SUMMARYDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) constitutes an array of morphologically recognized intraductal neoplasms in the mammary ductal tree defined by an increased risk for subsequent invasive carcinomas at or near the site of biopsy detection. However, only 15-45% of untreated DCIS cases progress to invasive cancer, so understanding mechanisms that prevent progression is key to avoid overtreatment and provides a basis for alternative therapies and prevention. This study was designed to characterize the tumor microenvironment and molecular profile of high-risk DCIS that grew to a large size but remained as DCIS. All patients had DCIS lesions >5cm in size with at least one additional high-risk feature: young age (<45 years), high nuclear grade, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, the presence of comedonecrosis, or a palpable mass. The tumor immune microenvironment was characterized using multiplex immunofluorescence to identify immune cells and their spatial relationships within the ducts and stroma. Gene copy number analysis and whole exome DNA sequencing identified the mutational burden and driver mutations, and quantitative whole-transcriptome/gene expression analyses were performed. There was no association between the percent of the DCIS genome characterized by copy number variants (CNAs) and recurrence events (DCIS or invasive). Mutations, especially missense mutations, in the breast cancer driver genes PIK3CA and TP53 were common in this high-risk DCIS cohort (47% of evaluated lesions). Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density was higher in DCIS lesions with TP53 mutations (p=0.0079) compared to wildtype lesions, but not in lesions with PIK3CA mutations (p=0.44). Immune infiltrates were negatively associated with hormone receptor status and positively associated with HER2 expression. High levels of CD3+CD8-T cells were associated with good outcomes with respect to any subsequent recurrence (DCIS or invasive cancer), whereas high levels of CD3+Foxp3+ Treg cells were associated with poor outcomes. Spatial proximity analyses of immune cells and tumor cells demonstrated that close proximity of T cells with tumor cells was associated with good outcomes with respect to any recurrence as well as invasive recurrences. Interestingly, we found that myoepithelial continuity (distance between myoepithelial cells surrounding the involved ducts) was significantly lower in DCIS lesions compared to normal tissue (p=0.0002) or to atypical ductal hyperplasia (p=0.011). Gene set enrichment analysis identified several immune pathways associated with low myoepithelial continuity and a low myoepithelial continuity score was associated with better outcomes, suggesting that gaps in the myoepithelial layer may allow access/interactions between immune infiltrates and tumor cells. Our study demonstrates the immune microenvironment of DCIS, in particular the spatial proximity of tumor cells and T cells, and myoepithelial continuity are important determinants for progression of disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glencer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schindler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghule, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachmanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Officer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harismendy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirst, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esserman, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.01.569676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor microenvironmental determinants of high-risk DCIS progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.570024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type-specific 3D-genome organization and transcription regulation in the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.570024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3D organization of the genome plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. However, it remains unclear how chromatin organization differs among different cell types in the brain. Here we used genome-scale DNA and RNA imaging to investigate 3D-genome organization in transcriptionally distinct cell types in the primary motor cortex of the mouse brain. We uncovered a wide spectrum of differences in the nuclear architecture and 3D-genome organization among different cell types, ranging from the physical size of the cell nucleus to the active-inactive chromatin compartmentalization and radial positioning of chromatin loci within the nucleus. These cell-type-dependent variations in nuclear architecture and chromatin organization exhibited strong correlation with both total transcriptional activity of the cell and transcriptional regulation of cell-type-specific marker genes. Moreover, we found that the methylated-DNA-binding protein MeCP2 regulates transcription in a divergent manner, depending on the nuclear radial positions of chromatin loci, through modulating active-inactive chromatin compartmentalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.570024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type-specific 3D-genome organization and transcription regulation in the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of anthelmintic small molecules in the Medicines for Malaria Ventures COVID and Global Health Priority Boxes using an infrared-based assay for Caenorhabditis elegans motility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.09.570935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundParasitic nematodes are a public health problem globally, and an economic burden on animal and plant agricultural industries. With their ability to generate drug resistance, new anthelmintic compounds must be constantly sourced.

MethodsUsing the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, in an infrared-based motility assay, we screened 400 compounds from two open-source, small-molecule collections distributed by the Medicines for Malaria Venture, namely, the COVID Box and Global Health Priority Box. The screening assay was first validated for worm number, DMSO concentration and final volume.

ResultsPrimary and secondary (time- and concentration-dependent) screens of both boxes, identified twelve compounds as hits; nine of which were known anthelmintics. Three novel anthelmintic hits, flufenerim, flucofuron and indomethacin were identified with EC50 values ranging from 0.211 to 23.174 {micro}M. Counter toxicity screens with HEK293 cells indicated varying degrees of toxicity with EC50 values ranging from 0.453 to >100 {micro}M.

ConclusionsA C. elegans motility assay was optimized and used to screen two recently-released, small molecule libraries. One or more of these three novel active compounds might serve as starting points for the development of new anthelmintics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.09.570935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of anthelmintic small molecules in the Medicines for Malaria Ventures COVID and Global Health Priority Boxes using an infrared-based assay for Caenorhabditis elegans motility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian Approach to Non-Metric Hyperbolic Multi-Dimensional Scaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper explores the intersection of hyperbolic geometry, non-metric techniques, and Bayesian frameworks to extend the capabilities of Bayesian Hyperbolic Multi-Dimensional Scaling (HMDS). While hyperbolic geometry is gaining attention for its ability to represent hierarchical relationships, traditional metrics impose constraints on distances. Non-metric techniques offer flexibility in capturing complex structures, making them suitable for scenarios where metric distances are less meaningful. The paper introduces a novel extension of Bayesian HMDS, incorporating non-metric techniques, enabling the embedding of Euclidean data within a hyperbolic space. The approach simultaneously fits for curvature and coordinates, leveraging the scaling properties of hyperbolic space. The non-metric Bayesian Hyperbolic MDS is expected to unveil new insights into hierarchical structures within complex datasets, providing a versa-tile tool for analyzing high-dimensional data flexibly and accurately. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through synthetic data experiments, showcasing its ability to capture non-linear transformations and accurately predict underlying curvature, with an emphasis on its ro-bustness to hyperparameter choices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jolis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Praturu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.08.570871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian Approach to Non-Metric Hyperbolic Multi-Dimensional Scaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.10.570836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Determinants and Signaling Effects of PKA RIα Phase Separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.10.570836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular signaling molecules, such as the 3,5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA), ensures the specific execution of various cellular functions. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the ubiquitously expressed PKA regulatory subunit RI was recently identified as a major driver of cAMP compartmentation and signaling specificity. However, the molecular determinants of RI LLPS remain unclear. Here, we reveal that two separate dimerization interfaces combined with the cAMP-induced release of the PKA catalytic subunit (PKA-C) from the pseudosubstrate inhibitory sequence are required to drive RI condensate formation in cytosol, which is antagonized by docking to A-kinase anchoring proteins. Strikingly, we find that the RI pseudosubstrate region is critically involved in the formation of a non-canonical R:C complex, which serves to maintain low basal PKA activity in the cytosol by enabling the recruitment of active PKA-C to RI condensates. Our results suggest that RI LLPS not only facilitates cAMP compartmentation but also spatially restrains active PKA-C, thus highlighting the functional versatility of biomolecular condensates in driving signaling specificity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hardy, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pool, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruystens, J. G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strack, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.10.570836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Determinants and Signaling Effects of PKA RIα Phase Separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.25.573323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards a Brighter Constellation: Multi-Organ Neuroimaging of Neural and Vascular Dynamics in the Spinal Cord and Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.25.573323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SignificancePain is comprised of a complex interaction between motor action and somatosensation that is dependent on dynamic interactions between the brain and spinal cord. This makes understanding pain particularly challenging as it involves rich interactions between many circuits (e.g., neural and vascular) and signaling cascades throughout the body. As such, experimentation on a single region may lead to an incomplete and potentially incorrect understanding of crucial underlying mechanisms.

AimHere, we aimed to develop and validate new tools to enable detailed and extended observation of neural and vascular activity in the brain and spinal cord. The first key set of innovations were targeted to developing novel imaging hardware that addresses the many challenges of multi-site imaging. The second key set of innovations were targeted to enabling bioluminescent imaging, as this approach can address limitations of fluorescent microscopy including photobleaching, phototoxicity and decreased resolution due to scattering of excitation signals.

ApproachWe designed 3D-printed brain and spinal cord implants to enable effective surgical implantations and optical access with wearable miniscopes or an open window (e.g., for one-or two-photon microscopy or optogenetic stimulation). We also tested the viability for bioluminescent imaging, and developed a novel modified miniscope optimized for these signals (BLmini).

ResultsHere, we describe novel  universal implants for acute and chronic simultaneous brain-spinal cord imaging and optical stimulation. We further describe successful imaging of bioluminescent signals in both foci, and a new miniscope, the  BLmini, which has reduced weight, cost and form-factor relative to standard wearable miniscopes.

ConclusionsThe combination of 3D printed implants, advanced imaging tools, and bioluminescence imaging techniques offers a new coalition of methods for understanding spinal cord-brain interactions. This work has the potential for use in future research into neuropathic pain and other sensory disorders and motor behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Celinskis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrios-Anderson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saab, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Ramirez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borton, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.25.573323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards a Brighter Constellation: Multi-Organ Neuroimaging of Neural and Vascular Dynamics in the Spinal Cord and Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phago-mixotrophy of small eukaryotic phytoplankton might alleviate iron limitation in HNLC Southern Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small phytoplankton, consisting of pico and nano size fractions, are diverse in size and taxonomy. Yet, the differences in their productivity and taxonomic diversity are poorly described. Here, we measured the cell-specific carbon fixation rates of picocyanobacteria Synechococcus, picoeukaryote and nanoeukaryote populations while unveiling their taxonomic composition in oligotrophic subtropical (ST) and high-nutrient low-chlorophyll subantarctic (SA) waters. We coupled 24 h in-situ radiolabelled 14C incubations to flow cytometry sorting (FCM-sorting) and DNA metabarcoding from the same incubated samples, offering a direct account of the community associated with the carbon fixation rates measured. In both water masses, nanoeukaryotes had the highest cell-specific carbon fixation rate, followed by picoeukaryotes and Synechococcus (2.24 {+/-} 29.99, 2.18 {+/-} 2.08 and 0.78 {+/-} 0.55 fgC cell-1 h-1, respectively). The cell-specific carbon fixation rates and growth rates of Synechococcus were 3-fold higher in ST compared to SA waters, while the rates of picoeukaryotes and nanoeukaryotes had no significant difference between the biogeochemically-contrasting water masses. Despite significant differences in their taxonomic composition, the FCM-sorted picoeukaryote and nanoeukaryote populations in SA waters were dominated by taxa with reported phago-mixotrophic strategies (Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae and Prymnesiophyceae), suggesting phago-mixotrophy might alleviate nutrient stress in iron-limited conditions for discrete small photosynthetic eukaryote populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ong, D. R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Rodriguez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safi, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marie, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes dos Santos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.08.574519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phago-mixotrophy of small eukaryotic phytoplankton might alleviate iron limitation in HNLC Southern Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.12.574766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-Term Potentiation Produces a Sustained Expansion of Synaptic Information Storage Capacity in Adult Rat Hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.12.574766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-term potentiation (LTP) has become a standard model for investigating synaptic mechanisms of learning and memory. Increasingly, it is of interest to understand how LTP affects the synaptic information storage capacity of the targeted population of synapses. Here, structural synaptic plasticity during LTP was explored using three-dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy. Storage capacity was assessed by applying a new analytical approach, Shannon information theory, to delineate the number of functionally distinguishable synaptic strengths. LTP was induced by delta-burst stimulation of perforant pathway inputs to the middle molecular layer of hippocampal dentate granule cells in adult rats. Spine head volumes were measured as predictors of synaptic strength and compared between LTP and control hemispheres at 30 min and 2 hr after the induction of LTP. Synapses from the same axon onto the same dendrite were used to determine the precision of synaptic plasticity based on the similarity of their physical dimensions. Shannon entropy was measured by exploiting the frequency of spine heads in functionally distinguishable sizes to assess the degree to which LTP altered the number of bits of information storage. Outcomes from these analyses reveal that LTP expanded storage capacity; the distribution of spine head volumes was increased from 2 bits in controls to 3 bits at 30 min and 2.7 bits at 2 hr after the induction of LTP. Furthermore, the distribution of spine head volumes was more uniform across the increased number of functionally distinguishable sizes following LTP, thus achieving more efficient use of coding space across the population of synapses.

SignificanceEstablishing relationships between structure, function, and information storage capacity provides a new approach to assessing network strength from structural measurements. Long term potentiation (LTP) is a standard model for investigating synaptic mechanisms of learning and memory. Information is a retrievable quantity that is being stored in synapses as synaptic strength and is correlated with multiple structural components of synaptic strength. Structural synaptic plasticity was measured in 3D reconstructions from serial section electron microscopy of spine head volume, as a proxy for synapse strength, at 30 min and 2 hr after LTP induction. Outcomes indicate that LTP enhances information storage capacity for at least 2 hr by increasing the precision of the synaptic structure and expanding the range of synapse sizes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samavat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bromer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubbard, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanka, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuwajima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendenhall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowden, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abraham, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.12.574766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-Term Potentiation Produces a Sustained Expansion of Synaptic Information Storage Capacity in Adult Rat Hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.14.575563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methyl substituted β-lactam framework based antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors: Proof of concept by computations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.14.575563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing the life-time of the acyl-enzyme complex formed between an inhibitor or drug molecule and the {beta}-lactamase through chemical modifications of existing drug molecules is an important strategy towards developing inhibitors. In this direction, our group proposed a methyl-substituted {beta}-lactam framework for the design of inhibitors for {beta}-lactamases (J. Phys. Chem. B. 2018, 122, 4299). This unconventional design was guided by the transition state structure of the deacylation reaction of the acyl-enzyme complex. Here, we present a proof of principle study of this concept through detailed molecular simulations and free energy calculations. In particular, we improve the antimicrobial activity of the first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, cephalothin, through C6-methylation. The proposed molecule, (6R,7R)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-6-methyl-8-oxo-7-[(2-thiophen-2-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate) slows down the deacylation of the acyl-enzyme complex 109-fold with no apparent effect on its binding to class-C {beta}-lactamase and formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. The design strategy presented in this work can be further extended to all {beta}-lactam antibiotics, like monobactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, and penicillins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thakkur, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.14.575563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methyl substituted β-lactam framework based antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors: Proof of concept by computations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.13.580208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Interaction of NF-κB Transcription Factor with Centromeric Chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.13.580208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeric chromatin is a subset of chromatin structure and governs chromosome segregation. The centromere is composed of both CENP-A nucleosomes (CENP-Anuc) and H3 nucleosomes (H3nuc) and is enriched with alpha-satellite (-sat) DNA repeats. These CENP-Anuc have a different structure than H3nuc, decreasing the base pairs (bp) of wrapped DNA from 147 bp for H3nuc to 121 bp for CENP-Anuc. All these factors can contribute to centromere function. We investigated the interaction of H3nuc and CENP-Anuc with NF-{kappa}B, a crucial transcription factor in regulating immune response and inflammation. We utilized Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to characterize complexes of both types of nucleosomes with NF-{kappa}B. We found that NF-{kappa}B unravels H3nuc, removing more than 20 bp of DNA, and that NF-{kappa}B binds to the nucleosomal core. Similar results were obtained for the truncated variant of NF-{kappa}B comprised only of the Rel Homology domain and missing the transcription activation domain (TAD), suggesting the RelA TAD is not critical in unraveling H3nuc. By contrast, NF-{kappa}B did not bind to or unravel CENP- Anuc. These findings with different affinities for two types of nucleosomes to NF-{kappa}B may have implications for understanding the mechanisms of gene expression in bulk and centromere chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Filliaux, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelsen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baughman, H. E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyubchenko, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.13.580208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Interaction of NF-κB Transcription Factor with Centromeric Chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.15.580594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CoRAL accurately resolves extrachromosomal DNA genomestructures with long-read sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.15.580594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a central mechanism for focal oncogene amplification in cancer, occurring in approximately 15% of early stage cancers and 30% of late-stage cancers. EcDNAs drive tumor formation, evolution, and drug resistance by dynamically modulating oncogene copy-number and rewiring gene-regulatory networks. Elucidating the genomic architecture of ecDNA amplifications is critical for understanding tumor pathology and developing more effective therapies.

Paired-end short-read (Illumina) sequencing and mapping have been utilized to represent ecDNA amplifications using a breakpoint graph, where the inferred architecture of ecDNA is encoded as a cycle in the graph. Traversals of breakpoint graph have been used to successfully predict ecDNA presence in cancer samples. However, short-read technologies are intrinsically limited in the identification of breakpoints, phasing together of complex rearrangements and internal duplications, and deconvolution of cell-to-cell heterogeneity of ecDNA structures. Long-read technologies, such as from Oxford Nanopore Technologies, have the potential to improve inference as the longer reads are better at mapping structural variants and are more likely to span rearranged or duplicated regions.

Here, we propose CoRAL (Complete Reconstruction of Amplifications with Long reads), for reconstructing ecDNA architectures using long-read data. CoRAL reconstructs likely cyclic architectures using quadratic programming that simultaneously optimizes parsimony of reconstruction, explained copy number, and consistency of long-read mapping. CoRAL substantially improves reconstructions in extensive simulations and 9 datasets from previously-characterized cell-lines as compared to previous short-read-based tools. As long-read usage becomes wide-spread, we anticipate that CoRAL will be a valuable tool for profiling the landscape and evolution of focal amplifications in tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, I. T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.15.580594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CoRAL accurately resolves extrachromosomal DNA genomestructures with long-read sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.17.580791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loop extrusion-mediated plasmid DNA cleavage by the bacterial SMC Wadjet complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.17.580791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes play pivotal roles in genome organization and maintenance across all domains of life. In prokaryotes, SMC family Wadjet complexes structurally resemble the widespread Muk-BEF genome-organizing complexes but serve a defensive role by inhibiting plasmid transformation. We previously showed that Wadjet specifically cleaves circular DNA; however, the molecular mechanism underlying DNA substrate recognition remains unclear. Here, we use in vitro single-molecule imaging to directly visualize DNA loop extrusion and plasmid cleavage by Wadjet. We find that Wadjet is a symmetric DNA loop extruder that simultaneously reels in DNA from both sides of a growing loop and that this activity requires a dimeric JetABC supercomplex containing two dimers of the JetC motor subunit. On surface-anchored plasmid DNAs, Wadjet extrudes the full length of a 44 kilobase pair plasmid, stalls, and then cleaves DNA. Our findings reveal the role of loop extrusion in the specific recognition and elimination of plasmids by Wadjet, and establish loop extrusion as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism among SMC complexes across kingdoms of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenig, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baaske, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.17.580791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loop extrusion-mediated plasmid DNA cleavage by the bacterial SMC Wadjet complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.20.581250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MU-BRAIN: MUltiethnic Brain Rna-seq for Alzheimer INitiative 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.20.581250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers Disease (AD) exhibits a complex molecular and phenotypic profile. Investigating gene expression plays a crucial role in unraveling the diseases etiology and progression. Transcriptome data across ethnic groups lack, negatively impacting equity in intervention and research.

We employed 565 brains across six U.S. brain banks (n=399 non-Hispanic Whites, n=113 Hispanics, n=12 African Americans) to generated bulk RNA sequencing from prefrontal cortex. We sought to identify cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific differentially expressed genes (DEG) across Braak stages, adjusting for sex, age at death, and RNA quality metrics. We further validated our findings using the Religious Orders Study/Memory Aging Project brains (ROS/MAP; n=1,095) and performed metanalysis (n=1,660). We conducted Gene Set and Variation and Enrichment analysis (GSVA; GSEA). We employed a machine-learning approach for phenotype prediction and gene prioritization to construct a polytranscriptomics risk score (PTRS) splitting our sample into training and testing sub-samples, either randomly or by ethnicity ("ancestry-agnostic" and "ancestry-aware", respectively). Lastly, we validated top DEG using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) data.

We identified several DEG associated with Braak staging: AD-known genes VGF (Padj =3.78E- 07) and ADAMTS2 (Pad j=1.21E-04) were consistently differentially expressed across statistical models, ethnicities, and replicated in ROS/MAP. Genes from the heat shock protein (HSP) family, e.g. HSPB7 (Padj =3.78E-07), were the top differentially expressed genes and replicated in ROS/MAP. Ethnic-stratified analyses prioritized TNFSF14 and SPOCD1 as top Hispanics DEG. GSEA highlighted "Alzheimer disease" (Padj =4.24E-06) and "TYROBP causal network in microglia" (Padj =1.68E-08) pathways. Up- and down-regulated genes were enriched in several pathways (e.g. "Immune response activation signal pathways", "Vesicle-mediated transport in synapse", "cognition"). Ancestry-agnostic and ancestry-aware PTRS effectively classified brains (AUC=0.77 and 0.73 respectively) and replicated in ROS/MAP. snRNAseq validated prioritized genes, including VGF (downregulated in neurons; Padj=1.1 E-07).

This is the largest diverse AD transcriptome in post-mortem brain tissue, to our knowledge. We identified perturbated genes, pathways and network expressions in AD brains resulting in cross- ethnic and ethnic-specific findings, ultimately highlighting the diversity within AD pathogenesis. The latter underscores the need for an integrative and personalized approach in AD studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieza, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes-Dumeyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lantigua, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honig, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciener, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leskinin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vardarajan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiniker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pericak-Vance, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroud, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayeux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.20.581250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MU-BRAIN: MUltiethnic Brain Rna-seq for Alzheimer INitiative]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A multi-symptomatic model of heroin use disorder in rats reveals distinct behavioral profiles and neuronal correlates of heroin vulnerability versus resiliency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe behavioral and diagnostic heterogeneity within human opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis is not readily captured in current animal models, limiting translational relevance of the mechanistic research that is conducted in experimental animals. We hypothesize that a non-linear clustering of OUD-like behavioral traits will capture population heterogeneity and yield subpopulations of OUD vulnerable rats with distinct behavioral and neurocircuit profiles.

MethodsOver 900 male and female heterogeneous stock rats, a line capturing genetic and behavioral heterogeneity present in humans, were assessed for several measures of heroin use and rewarded and non-rewarded seeking behaviors. Using a non-linear stochastic block model clustering analysis, rats were assigned to OUD vulnerable, intermediate and resilient clusters. Additional behavioral tests and circuit analyses using c-fos protein activation were conducted on the vulnerable and resilient subpopulations.

ResultsOUD vulnerable rats exhibited greater heroin taking and seeking behaviors relative to those in the intermediate and resilient clusters. Akin to human OUD diagnosis, further vulnerable rat sub-clustering revealed subpopulations with different combinations of behavioral traits, including sex differences. Lastly, heroin cue-induced neuronal patterns of circuit activation differed between resilient and vulnerable phenotypes. Behavioral sex differences were recapitulated in patterns of circuitry activation, including males preferentially engaging extended amygdala stress circuitry, and females cortico-striatal drug cue-seeking circuitry.

ConclusionUsing a non-linear clustering approach in rats, we captured behavioral diagnostic heterogeneity reflective of human OUD diagnosis. OUD vulnerability and resiliency were associated with distinct neuronal activation patterns, posing this approach as a translational tool in assessing neurobiological mechanisms underpinning OUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannella, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunerti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walterhouse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalhoub, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dereschewitz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cockerham, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardiman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciccocioppo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalivas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A multi-symptomatic model of heroin use disorder in rats reveals distinct behavioral profiles and neuronal correlates of heroin vulnerability versus resiliency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory evolution reveals transcriptional mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation of Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.22.581624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is able to generate microbial strains which exhibit extreme phenotypes, revealing fundamental biological adaptation mechanisms. Here, we use ALE to evolve Escherichia coli strains that grow at temperatures as high as 45.3{degrees}C, a temperature lethal to wild type cells. The strains adopted a hypermutator phenotype and employed multiple systems-level adaptations that made global analysis of the DNA mutations difficult. Given the challenge at the genomic level, we were motivated to uncover high temperature tolerance adaptation mechanisms at the transcriptomic level. We employed independently modulated gene set (iModulon) analysis to reveal five transcriptional mechanisms underlying growth at high temperatures. These mechanisms were connected to acquired mutations, changes in transcriptome composition, sensory inputs, phenotypes, and protein structures. They are: (i) downregulation of general stress responses while upregulating the specific heat stress responses; (ii) upregulation of flagellar basal bodies without upregulating motility, and upregulation fimbriae; (iii) shift toward anaerobic metabolism, (iv) shift in regulation of iron uptake away from siderophore production, and (v) upregulation of yjfIJKL, a novel heat tolerance operon which we characterized using AlphaFold. iModulons associated with these five mechanisms explain nearly half of all variance in the gene expression in the adapted strains. These thermotolerance strategies reveal that optimal coordination of known stress responses and metabolism can be achieved with a small number of regulatory mutations, and may suggest a new role for large protein export systems. ALE with transcriptomic characterization is a productive approach for elucidating and interpreting adaptation to otherwise lethal stresses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catoiu, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandberg, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.22.581624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory evolution reveals transcriptional mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation of Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.23.581685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-dependent regulation of vascular cholesterol metabolism acts as a negative feedback mechanism for neurovascular coupling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.23.581685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain function is dependent on a continuous supply of bloodborne oxygen and nutrients. Because neurons require a greater supply of oxygen and nutrients when active, there is increased local blood flow following neuronal activity. The underlying mechanisms of this hyperemia are termed neurovascular coupling (NVC). Many complex processes contribute to NVC, and there is still much unknown about how vascular physiology adapts to changes in neuronal activity and blood flow. Here we show that neuronal activity increases brain endothelial expression of genes related to cholesterol synthesis and uptake in vivo, and that shear stress is sufficient for upregulation of these genes in vitro. We previously found that treatment with PLX5622 induces upregulation of the same cassette of cholesterol-related genes in brain endothelial cells. In the present study, we find that increasing brain endothelial cholesterol synthesis and/or uptake, either with PLX5622 or targeted AAV-mediated expression of LDLR, inhibits brain arteriole dilation in response to capillary K+ stimulation, and this deficit is rescued by cholesterol depletion. Together, these data suggest that neuronal activity regulates brain endothelial cholesterol, which in turn blocks endothelial retrograde signaling and vasodilation, thus acting as a negative feedback mechanism for NVC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Profaci, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foreman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spieth, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho-Santos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berghoff, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontaine, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffrey, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palecek, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shusta, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saher, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dabertrand, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.23.581685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-dependent regulation of vascular cholesterol metabolism acts as a negative feedback mechanism for neurovascular coupling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.23.581735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design, optimization, and inference of multiphasic decay of infectious virus particles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.23.581735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virus population dynamics are driven by counter-balancing forces of production and loss. Whereas viral production arises from complex interactions with susceptible hosts, the loss of infectious virus particles is often approximated as a first-order kinetic process. As such, experimental protocols to measure infectious virus loss are not typically designed to identify non-exponential decay processes. Here, we propose methods to evaluate if an experimental design is adequate to identify multiphasic virus particle decay and to optimize the sampling times of decay experiments, accounting for uncertainties in viral kinetics. First, we evaluate synthetic scenarios of biphasic decays, with varying decay rates and initial proportions of subpopulations. We show that robust inference of multiphasic decay is more likely when the faster decaying subpopulation predominates insofar as early samples are taken to resolve the faster decay rate. Moreover, design optimization involving non-equal spacing between observations increases the precision of estimation while reducing the number of samples. We then apply these methods to infer multiple decay rates associated with the decay of bacteriophage ( phage) {Phi}D9, an evolved isolate derived from phage {Phi}21. A pilot experiment confirmed that {Phi}D9 decay is multiphasic, but was unable to resolve the rate or proportion of the fast decaying subpopulation(s). We then applied a Fisher information matrix-based design optimization method to propose nonequally spaced sampling times. Using this strategy, we were able to robustly estimate multiple decay rates and the size of the respective subpopulations. Notably, we conclude that the vast majority (94%) of the phage {Phi}D9 population decays at a rate 16-fold higher than the slow decaying population. Altogether, these results provide both a rationale and a practical approach to quantitatively estimate heterogeneity in viral decay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seurat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerbino, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.23.581735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design, optimization, and inference of multiphasic decay of infectious virus particles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.02.583073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A worldwide ENIGMA study on epilepsy-related gray and white matter compromise across the adult lifespan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.02.583073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly associated with mesiotemporal pathology and widespread alterations of grey and white matter structures. Evidence supports a progressive condition although the temporal evolution of TLE is poorly defined. This ENIGMA-Epilepsy study utilized multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to investigate structural alterations in TLE patients across the adult lifespan. We charted both grey and white matter changes and explored the covariance of age-related alterations in both compartments.

MethodsWe studied 769 TLE patients and 885 healthy controls across an age range of 17-73 years, from multiple international sites. To assess potentially non-linear lifespan changes in TLE, we harmonized data and combined median split assessments with cross-sectional sliding window analyses of grey and white matter age-related changes. Covariance analyses examined the coupling of grey and white matter lifespan curves.

ResultsIn TLE, age was associated with a robust grey matter thickness/volume decline across a broad cortico-subcortical territory, extending beyond the mesiotemporal disease epicentre. White matter changes were also widespread across multiple tracts with peak effects in temporo-limbic fibers. While changes spanned the adult time window, changes accelerated in cortical thickness, subcortical volume, and fractional anisotropy (all decreased), and mean diffusivity (increased) after age 55 years. Covariance analyses revealed strong limbic associations between white matter tracts and subcortical structures with cortical regions.

ConclusionsThis study highlights the profound impact of TLE on lifespan changes in grey and white matter structures, with an acceleration of aging-related processes in later decades of life. Our findings motivate future longitudinal studies across the lifespan and emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis as well as intervention in patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Cruces, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caligiuri, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gambardella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendes, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasuda, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvim, M. K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleichgerrcht, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Focke, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreilkamp, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Podewils, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rummel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiest, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotikalapudi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinclair, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivash, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmond, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duma, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonanni, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballerini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaudano, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tondelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhusaini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavalleri, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kälviäinen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowalczyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masca</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.02.583073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A worldwide ENIGMA study on epilepsy-related gray and white matter compromise across the adult lifespan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a heterogeneous disorder, where severity, symptoms, and patterns of substance use vary across individuals. Yet, when rats are allowed to self-administer drugs such as cocaine under short-access conditions, their behavior tends to be well-regulated and homogeneous in nature; though individual differences can emerge when rats are provided long- or intermittent-access to cocaine. In contrast to cocaine, significant individual differences emerge when rats are allowed to self-administer 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), even under short-access conditions, wherein [~]30% of rats rapidly transition to high levels of drug-taking. This study assessed the SUD-like phenotypes of male and female Sprague Dawley rats self-administering MDPV (0.032 mg/kg/infusion) or cocaine (0.32 mg/kg/infusion) by comparing level of drug intake, responding during periods of signaled drug unavailability, and sensitivity to footshock punishment to test the hypotheses that: (1) under short-access conditions, rats that self-administer MDPV will exhibit a more robust SUD-like phenotype than rats that self-administered cocaine; (2) female rats will have a more severe phenotype than male rats; and (3) compared to short-access, long- and intermittent-access to MDPV or cocaine self-administration will result in a more robust SUD-like phenotype. After short-access, rats that self-administered MDPV exhibited a more severe phenotype than rats that self-administered cocaine. Though long- and intermittent-access to cocaine and MDPV self-administration altered drug-taking patterns, manipulating access conditions did not systematically alter their SUD-like phenotype. Evidence from behavioral and quantitative autoradiography studies suggest that these differences are unlikely due to changes in expression levels of dopamine transporter, dopamine D2 or D3 receptors, or 5-HT1B, 5-HT 2A, or 5-HT2C receptors, though these possibilities cannot be ruled out. These results show that the phenotype exhibited by rats self-administering MDPV differs from that observed for rats self-administering cocaine, and suggests that individuals that use MDPV and/or related cathinones may be at greater risk for developing a SUD, and that short-access MDPV self-administration may provide a useful method to understand the factors that mediate the transition to problematic or disordered substance use in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltran, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushnell, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serafine, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daws, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.583431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of access condition on substance use disorder-like phenotypes in male and female rats self-administering MDPV or cocaine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding flux switching in metabolic networks through an analysis of synthetic lethals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological systems are extremely robust and exhibit high levels of redundancy for multiple cellular functions. Some of this redundancy manifests as alternative pathways in metabolism. Synthetic double lethals in metabolic networks comprise pairs of reactions, which, when deleted simultaneously, abrogate cell growth. However, when one reaction from such pairs is removed, the cell reroutes its metabolites through alternative pathways. Very little is known about the set of reactions through which fluxes are rerouted. Analysing this redistribution would help us to uncover the linkage between the reactions in a synthetic double lethal and also understand the complexity underlying the reroutings. Studying synthetic lethality in the context of pathogenic bacteria can offer valuable insights into therapeutic interventions. In this work, we propose a constraint-based approach to unravel these alternate pathways and complex interdependencies within and across metabolic modules. The approach involves a generic optimisation that minimises the extent of rerouting between two reaction deletions, corresponding to synthetic lethal pairs. We also include a systematic analysis of synthetic lethals by identifying the reaction classes that make up these synthetic lethals. We applied our computational workflow to several existing high-quality genome-scale models to show that these rerouted reactions span across metabolic modules, thereby illustrating the complexity and uniqueness of metabolism. Our results provide interesting insights into the organisation of metabolic networks and their redundancy.

The algorithm is available at https://github.com/RamanLab/minRerouting.

Contact: kraman@iitm.ac.in
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manojna, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malpani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohite, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding flux switching in metabolic networks through an analysis of synthetic lethals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HyperGen: Compact and Efficient Genome Sketching using Hyperdimensional Vectors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationGenomic distance estimation is a critical workload since exact computation for whole-genome similarity metrics such as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) incurs prohibitive runtime overhead. Genome sketching is a fast and memory-efficient solution to estimate ANI similarity by distilling representative k-mers from the original sequences. In this work, we present HyperGen that improves accuracy, runtime performance, and memory efficiency for large-scale ANI estimation. Unlike existing genome sketching algorithms that convert large genome files into discrete k-mer hashes, HyperGen leverages the emerging hyperdimensional computing (HDC) to encode genomes into quasi-orthogonal vectors (Hypervector, HV) in high-dimensional space. HV is compact and can preserve more information, allowing for accurate ANI estimation while reducing required sketch sizes. In particular, the HV sketch representation in HyperGen allows efficient ANI estimation using vector multiplication, which naturally benefits from highly optimized general matrix multiply (GEMM) routines. As a result, HyperGen enables the efficient sketching and ANI estimation for massive genome collections.

ResultsWe evaluate HyperGens sketching and database search performance using several genome datasets at various scales. HyperGen is able to achieve comparable or superior ANI estimation error and linearity compared to other sketch-based counterparts. The measurement results show that HyperGen is one of the fastest tools for both genome sketching and database search. Meanwhile, HyperGen produces memory-efficient sketch files while ensuring high ANI estimation accuracy.

AvailabilityA Rust implementation of HyperGen is freely available under the MIT license as an open-source software project at https://github.com/wh-xu/Hyper-Gen. The scripts to reproduce the experimental results can be accessed at https://github.com/wh-xu/experiment-hyper-gen.

Contactwexu@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, P.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosing, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HyperGen: Compact and Efficient Genome Sketching using Hyperdimensional Vectors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.584032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
123FASTQ: an intuitive and efficient tool for preprocessing Illumina FASTQ reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.584032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genetic research, but preprocessing raw sequencing reads remains a crucial step. Existing tools for quality control (QC) and trimming have limitations, leading to fragmented workflows. In this article, we present 123FASTQ, a comprehensive and user-centric software solution that integrates QC analysis, trimming, and format conversion in a userfriendly interface. 123FASTQ combines the advantages of existing tools while addressing their limitations. It offers improved QC analysis with insightful visualizations, semi-automated trimming recommendations based on QC results, and various trimming options. The software also supports different file formats and provides efficient performance. By simplifying NGS data preprocessing, 123FASTQ enables researchers to utilize high-quality reads for downstream analyses. It is cross-platform and freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/project-123ngs/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eidi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdolalizadeh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasirpour, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahiri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garshasbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.08.584032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[123FASTQ: an intuitive and efficient tool for preprocessing Illumina FASTQ reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.10.584280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytokine and Chemokine Receptor Profiles in Adipose Tissue Vasculature Unravel Endothelial Cell Responses in HIV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.10.584280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic systemic inflammation contributes to a substantially elevated risk of myocardial infarction in people living with HIV (PLWH). Endothelial cell dysfunction disrupts vascular homeostasis regulation, increasing the risk of vasoconstriction, inflammation, and thrombosis that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to study the effects of plasma from PLWH on endothelial cell (EC) function, with the hypothesis that cytokines and chemokines are major drivers of EC activation. We first broadly phenotyped chemokine and cytokine receptor expression on arterial ECs, capillary ECs, venous ECs, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in adipose tissue in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of 59 PLWH using single cell transcriptomic analysis. We used CellChat to predict cell-cell interactions between ECs and other cells in the adipose tissue and Spearman correlation to measure the association between ECs and plasma cytokines. Finally, we cultured human arterial ECs (HAECs) in plasma-conditioned media from PLWH and performed bulk sequencing to study the direct effects ex-vivo. We observed that arterial and capillary ECs expressed higher interferon and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors. Venous ECs had more interleukin (IL)-1R1 and ACKR1 receptors, and VSMCs had high significant IL-6R expression. CellChat predicted ligand-receptor interactions between adipose tissue immune cells as senders and capillary ECs as recipients in TNF-TNFRSF1A/B interactions. Chemokines expressed largely by capillary ECs were predicted to bind ACKR1 receptors on venous ECs. Beyond the adipose tissue, the proportion of venous ECs and VSMCs were positively plasma IL-6. In ex-vivo experiments, HAECs cultured with plasma-conditioned media from PLWH expressed transcripts that enriched for the TNF- and reactive oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In conclusion, ECs demonstrate heterogeneity in cytokine and chemokine receptor expression. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of cytokines and chemokines in EC dysfunction and to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Obare, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priest, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismael, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashayekhi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolze, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neikirk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beasley, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koethe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanjalla, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.10.584280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytokine and Chemokine Receptor Profiles in Adipose Tissue Vasculature Unravel Endothelial Cell Responses in HIV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.11.584522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AUTO-TUNE: SELECTING THE DISTANCE THRESHOLD FOR INFERRING HIV TRANSMISSION CLUSTERS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.11.584522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular surveillance of viral pathogens and inference of transmission networks from genomic data play an increasingly important role in public health efforts, especially for HIV-1. For many methods, the genetic distance threshold used to connect sequences in the transmission network is a key parameter informing the properties of inferred networks. Using a distance threshold that is too high can result in a network with many spurious links, making it difficult to interpret. Conversely, a distance threshold that is too low can result in a network with too few links, which may not capture key insights into clusters of public health concern. Published research using the HIV-TRACE software package frequently uses the default threshold of 0.015 substitutions/site for HIV pol gene sequences, but in many cases, investigators heuristically select other threshold parameters to better capture the underlying dynamics of the epidemic they are studying.

Here, we present a general heuristic scoring approach for tuning a distance threshold adaptively, which seeks to prevent the formation of giant clusters. We prioritize the ratio of the sizes of the largest and the second largest cluster, maximizing the number of clusters present in the network.

We apply our scoring heuristic to outbreaks with different characteristics, such as regional or temporal variability, and demonstrate the utility of using the scoring mechanisms suggested distance threshold to identify clusters exhibiting risk factors that would have otherwise been more difficult to identify. For example, while we found that a 0.015 substitutions/site distance threshold is typical for US-like epidemics, recent outbreaks like the CRF07_BC subtype among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China have been found to have a lower optimal threshold of 0.005 to better capture the transition from injected drug use (IDU) to MSM as the primary risk factor. Alternatively, in communities surrounding Lake Victoria in Uganda, where there has been sustained hetero-sexual transmission for many years, we found that a larger distance threshold is necessary to capture a more risk factor-diverse population with sparse sampling over a longer period of time. Such identification may allow for more informed intervention action by respective public health officials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weaver, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davila-Conn, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila-Rios, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leigh Brown, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosakovsky Pond, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.11.584522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AUTO-TUNE: SELECTING THE DISTANCE THRESHOLD FOR INFERRING HIV TRANSMISSION CLUSTERS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.583595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host evolution improves genetic circuit function in complex growth environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.583595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically engineered bacteria have become an attractive platform for numerous biomedical and industrial applications. Despite genetic circuitry functioning predictably under favorable growth conditions in the lab, the same cannot be said when placed in more complex environments for eventual deployment. Here, we used a combination of evolutionary and rational engineering approaches to enhance E. coli for robust genetic circuit behavior in non-traditional growth environments. We utilized adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) on E. coli MG1655 in a minimal media with a sole carbon source and saw improved dynamics of a population-lysis-based circuit after host evolution. Additionally, we improved lysis circuit tolerance of a more clinically relevant strain, the probiotic E. coli Nissle, using ALE of the host strain in a more complex media environment with added reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. We observed improved recovery from circuit-induced lysis in the evolved Nissle strain, and in combination with directed mutagenesis, recovered circuit function in the complex media. These findings serve as a proof-of-concept that relevant strains of bacteria can be optimized for improved growth and performance in complex environments using ALE and that these changes can modify and improve synthetic gene circuit function for real-world applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lezia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emmanuele, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.583595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host evolution improves genetic circuit function in complex growth environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Association Study in Outbred Heterogeneous Stock Rats Identifies Multiple Loci for the Incentive Salience of Reward Cues. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Addiction vulnerability is associated with the tendency to attribute incentive salience to reward predictive cues; both addiction and the attribution of incentive salience are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. To characterize the genetic contributions to incentive salience attribution, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a cohort of 1,645 genetically diverse heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. We tested HS rats in a Pavlovian conditioned approach task, in which we characterized the individual responses to food-associated stimuli ("cues"). Rats exhibited either cue-directed "sign-tracking" behavior or food-cup directed "goal-tracking" behavior. We then used the conditioned reinforcement procedure to determine whether rats would perform a novel operant response for unrewarded presentations of the cue. We found that these measures were moderately heritable (SNP heritability, h2 = .189-.215). GWAS identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 11 of the 12 traits we examined. Interval sizes of these QTLs varied widely. 7 traits shared a QTL on chromosome 1 that contained a few genes (e.g. Tenm4, Mir708) that have been associated with substance use disorders and other mental health traits in humans. Other candidate genes (e.g. Wnt11, Pak1) in this region had coding variants and expression-QTLs in mesocorticolimbic regions of the brain. We also conducted a Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) on other behavioral measures in HS rats and found that regions containing QTLs on chromosome 1 were also associated with nicotine self-administration in a separate cohort of HS rats. These results provide a starting point for the molecular genetic dissection of incentive salience and provide further support for a relationship between attribution of incentive salience and drug abuse-related traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>King, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leal-Gutierrez, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripi, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamparelli, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimschleger, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holl, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishiwari, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flagel, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.13.584852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Association Study in Outbred Heterogeneous Stock Rats Identifies Multiple Loci for the Incentive Salience of Reward Cues.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysine-Cysteine-Serine-Tryptophan Inserted into the DNA-Binding Domain of Human Mineralocorticoid Receptor Increases Transcriptional Activation by Aldosterone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to alternative splicing in an ancestral DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), humans contain two almost identical MR transcripts with either 984 amino acids (MR-984) or 988 amino acids (MR-988), in which their DBDs differ by only four amino acids, Lys,Cys,Ser,Trp (KCSW). Human MRs also contain mutations at two sites, codons 180 and 241, in the amino terminal domain (NTD). Together, there are five distinct full-length human MR genes in GenBank. Human MR-984, which was cloned in 1987, has been extensively studied. Human MR-988, cloned in 1995, contains KCSW in its DBD. Neither this human MR-988 nor the other human MR-988 genes have been studied for their response to aldosterone and other corticosteroids. Here, we report that transcriptional activation of human MR-988 by aldosterone is increased by about 50% compared to activation of human MR-984 in HEK293 cells transfected with the TAT3 promoter, while the half-maximal response (EC50) is similar for aldosterone activation of MR-984 and MR-988. Transcriptional activation of human MR also depends on the amino acids at codons 180 and 241. Interestingly, in HEK293 cells transfected with the MMTV promoter, transcriptional activation by aldosterone of human MR-988 is similar to activation of human MR-984, indicating that the promoter has a role in the regulation of the response of human MR-988 to aldosterone. The physiological responses to aldosterone and other corticosteroids in humans with MR genes containing KCSW and with differences at codons 180 and 241 in the NTD warrant investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.585051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysine-Cysteine-Serine-Tryptophan Inserted into the DNA-Binding Domain of Human Mineralocorticoid Receptor Increases Transcriptional Activation by Aldosterone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocyte CCN1 stabilizes neural circuits in the adult brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.14.585077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural circuits in many brain regions are refined by experience. Sensory circuits support higher plasticity at younger ages during critical periods - times of circuit refinement and maturation - and limit plasticity in adulthood for circuit stability. The mechanisms underlying these differing plasticity levels and how they serve to maintain and stabilize the properties of sensory circuits remain largely unclear. By combining a transcriptomic approach with ex vivo electrophysiology and in vivo imaging techniques, we identify that astrocytes release cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) to maintain synapse and circuit stability in the visual cortex. By overexpressing CCN1 in critical period astrocytes, we find that it promotes the maturation of inhibitory circuits and limits ocular dominance plasticity. Conversely, by knocking out astrocyte CCN1 in adults, binocular circuits are destabilized. These studies establish CCN1 as a novel astrocyte-secreted factor that stabilizes neuronal circuits. Moreover, they demonstrate that the composition and properties of sensory circuits require ongoing maintenance in adulthood, and that these maintenance cues are provided by astrocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sancho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boisvert, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawoodtabar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.14.585077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocyte CCN1 stabilizes neural circuits in the adult brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposable element methylation state predicts age and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that expand selfishly in the genome, possibly causing severe cellular damage. While normally silenced, TEs have been shown to activate during aging. DNA methylation is one of the main mechanisms by which TEs are silenced and has been used to train highly accurate age predictors. Yet, one common criticism of such predictors is that they lack interpretability. In this study, we investigate the changes in TE methylation that occur during human aging. We find that evolutionarily young LINE1s (L1s), the only known TEs capable of autonomous transposition in humans, undergo the fastest loss of methylation, suggesting an active mechanism of de-repression. We then show that accurate age predictors can be trained on both methylation of individual TE copies and average methylation of TE families genome wide. Lastly, we show that while old L1s gradually lose methylation during the entire lifespan, demethylation of young L1s only happens late in life and is associated with cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morandini, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rechsteiner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadyab, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snively, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seluanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorbunova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposable element methylation state predicts age and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.16.585223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intra-species quantification reveals differences in activity and sleep levels in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.16.585223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aedes aegypti is an important mosquito vector of human disease with a wide distribution across the globe. Climatic conditions and ecological pressure drive differences in the biology of several populations of this mosquito, including blood-feeding behavior and vector competence. However, no study has compared activity and/or sleep among different populations/lineages of Ae. aegypti. Having recently established sleep-like states in three mosquito species with observable differences in timing and amount of sleep among species, we investigated differences in activity and sleep levels among 17 Ae. aegypti lines drawn from both its native range in Africa and its invasive range across the global tropics. Activity monitoring indicates that all the lines show consistent diurnal activity, but significant differences in activity level, sleep amount, number of sleep bouts, and bout duration were observed among the lines. Variations in specific activity and sleep parameters were explained by differences in host preference, ancestry, and human population density for the lineages collected in Africa. This study provides evidence that the diurnal sleep and activity profiles for Ae. aegypti are consistent, but there are significant population differences for Ae. aegypti sleep and activity levels and interactions with humans may significantly impact mosquito activity and sleep.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ajayi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susanto, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledezma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wynne, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akorli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otoo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinauger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.16.585223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intra-species quantification reveals differences in activity and sleep levels in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.17.585262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systems-biology approach connects aging mechanisms with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.17.585262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite years of intense investigation, the mechanisms underlying neuronal death in Alzheimers disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder, remain incompletely understood. To define relevant pathways, we integrated the results of an unbiased, genome-scale forward genetic screen for age-associated neurodegeneration in Drosophila with human and Drosophila Alzheimers disease-associated multi-omics. We measured proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics in Drosophila models of Alzheimers disease and identified Alzheimers disease human genetic variants that modify expression in disease-vulnerable neurons. We used a network optimization approach to integrate these data with previously published Alzheimers disease multi-omic data. We computationally predicted and experimentally demonstrated how HNRNPA2B1 and MEPCE enhance tau-mediated neurotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the screen hits CSNK2A1 and NOTCH1 regulate DNA damage in Drosophila and human iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. Our work identifies candidate pathways that could be targeted to ameliorate neurodegeneration in Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leventhal, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanella, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gritsch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukhari, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danquah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benetatos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nehme, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feany, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraenkel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.17.585262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systems-biology approach connects aging mechanisms with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.17.585423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Representing the dynamics of natural marmoset vocal behaviors in frontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.17.585423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we tested the respective contributions of primate premotor and prefrontal cortex to support vocal behavior. We applied a model-based GLM analysis that better accounts for the inherent variance in natural, continuous behaviors to characterize the activity of neurons throughout frontal cortex as freely-moving marmosets engaged in conversational exchanges. While analyses revealed functional clusters of neural activity related to the different processes involved in the vocal behavior, these clusters did not map to subfields of prefrontal or premotor cortex, as has been observed in more conventional task-based paradigms. Our results suggest a distributed functional organization for the myriad neural mechanisms underlying natural social interactions and has implications for our concepts of the role that frontal cortex plays in governing ethological behaviors in primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.17.585423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Representing the dynamics of natural marmoset vocal behaviors in frontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mLiftOver: Harmonizing Data Across Infinium DNA Methylation Platforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infinium DNA methylation BeadChips are widely used for genome-wide DNA methylation profiling at the population scale. Recent updates to probe content and naming conventions in the EPIC version 2 (EPICv2) arrays have complicated integrating new data with previous Infinium array platforms, such as the EPIC and the HumanMethylation450 (HM450) BeadChip. We present mLiftOver, a user-friendly tool that transfers probe ID, methylation level, and signal intensity data across different Infinium platforms. It manages probe replicates, missing data imputation, and platform-specific bias for accurate data conversion. We validated the tool by applying HM450-based cancer classifiers to EPICv2 cancer data, achieving high accuracy. Additionally, we successfully integrated EPICv2 healthy tissue data with legacy HM450 data for tissue identity analysis and produced consistent copy number profiles in cancer cells.

Availability and implementationmLiftOver is implemented R and available in the Bioconductor package SeSAMe (version 3.21.13+): https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/sesame.html Analysis of EPIC and EPICv2 platform-specific bias and high-confidence mapping is available at https://github.com/zhou-lab/InfiniumAnnotationV1/blob/main/Anno/EPICv2/EPICv2ToEPIC_conversion.tsv.gz The source code is available at https://github.com/zwdzwd/sesame/blob/devel/R/mLiftOver.R under the MIT license.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.585415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mLiftOver: Harmonizing Data Across Infinium DNA Methylation Platforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light-gated Integrator for Highlighting Kinase Activity in Living Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein kinases are key signaling nodes that regulate fundamental biological and disease processes. Illuminating kinase signaling from multiple angles can provide deeper insights into disease mechanisms and improve therapeutic targeting. While fluorescent biosensors are powerful tools for visualizing live-cell kinase activity dynamics in real time, new molecular tools are needed that enable recording of transient signaling activities for post hoc analysis and targeted manipulation. Here, we develop a light-gated kinase activity coupled transcriptional integrator (KINACT) that converts dynamic kinase signals into "permanent" fluorescent marks. KINACT enables robust monitoring of kinase activity across scales, accurately recording subcellular PKA activity, highlighting PKA signaling heterogeneity in 3D cultures, and identifying PKA activators and inhibitors in high-throughput screens. We further leverage the ability of KINACT to drive signaling effector expression to allow feedback manipulation of the balance of GsR201C-induced PKA and ERK activation and dissect the mechanisms of oncogenic G protein signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phatarphekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.585554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light-gated Integrator for Highlighting Kinase Activity in Living Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Medication Use is Associated with Distinct Microbial Features in Anxiety and Depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), specifically anxiety disorder (ANXD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD), as defined by DSM-IV or V criteria. The study also examined the influence of medication use, particularly antidepressants and/or anxiolytics, classified through the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System, on the gut microbiota. Both 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shallow shotgun sequencing were performed on DNA extracted from 666 fecal samples from the Tulsa-1000 and NeuroMAP CoBRE cohorts. The results highlight the significant influence of medication use; antidepressant use is associated with significant differences in gut microbiota beta diversity and has a larger effect size than NPD diagnosis. Next, specific microbes were associated with ANXD and MDD, highlighting their potential for non-pharmacological intervention. Finally, the study demonstrated the capability of Random Forest classifiers to predict diagnoses of NPD and medication use from microbial profiles, suggesting a promising direction for the use of gut microbiota as biomarkers for NPD. The findings suggest that future research on the gut microbiotas role in NPD and its interactions with pharmacological treatments are needed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dilmore, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuplicki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youngblut, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyakht, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blach, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MahmoudianDehkordi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunlop, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guinjoan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandaviya, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaddurah-Daouk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulus, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer Gut Microbiome Project Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.19.585820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Medication Use is Associated with Distinct Microbial Features in Anxiety and Depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Diversity of Memory CD8 T Cells is Spatiotemporally Imprinted 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) kill infected cells and recruit additional immune cells to limit pathogen invasion at barrier sites. Small intestinal (SI) TRM cells consist of distinct subpopulations with higher expression of effector molecules or greater memory potential. We hypothesized that occupancy of diverse anatomical niches imprints these distinct TRM transcriptional programs. We leveraged human samples and a murine model of acute systemic viral infection to profile the location and transcriptome of pathogen-specific TRM cell differentiation at single-transcript resolution. We developed computational approaches to capture cellular locations along three anatomical axes of the small intestine and to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of cell types and gene expression. TRM populations were spatially segregated: with more effector- and memory-like TRM preferentially localized at the villus tip or crypt, respectively. Modeling ligand-receptor activity revealed patterns of key cellular interactions and cytokine signaling pathways that initiate and maintain TRM differentiation and functional diversity, including different TGF{beta} sources. Alterations in the cellular networks induced by loss of TGF{beta}RII expression revealed a model consistent with TGF{beta} promoting progressive TRM maturation towards the villus tip. Ultimately, we have developed a framework for the study of immune cell interactions with the spectrum of tissue cell types, revealing that T cell location and functional state are fundamentally intertwined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reina-Campos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharping, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takehara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.585130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Diversity of Memory CD8 T Cells is Spatiotemporally Imprinted]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioinformatic prediction and high throughput in vivo screening to identify cis-regulatory elements for the development of algal synthetic promoters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Algae biotechnology holds immense promise for revolutionizing the bioeconomy through the sustainable and scalable production of various bioproducts. However, its development has been hindered by the lack of advanced genetic tools. This study introduces a synthetic biology approach to develop such tools, focusing on the construction and testing of synthetic promoters. By analyzing conserved DNA motifs within the promoter regions of highly expressed genes across six different algal species, we identified cis-regulatory elements (CREs) associated with high transcriptional activity. Combining the algorithms POWRS, STREME and PhyloGibbs, we predicted 1511 CREs and inserted them into a minimal synthetic promoter sequence in 1, 2 or 3 copies, resulting in 4533 distinct synthetic promoters. These promoters were evaluated in vivo for their capacity to drive the expression of a transgene in a high-throughput manner through next-generation sequencing post antibiotic selection and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. To validate our approach, we sequenced hundreds of transgenic lines showing high GFP expression. Further, we individually tested fourteen identified promoters, revealing substantial increases in GFP expression--up to nine times higher than the baseline synthetic promoter, with five matching or even surpassing the performance of the native AR1 promoter. As a result of this study, we identified a catalog of CREs that can now be used to build superior synthetic algal promoters. More importantly, here we present a validated pipeline to generate building blocks for innovative synthetic genetic tools applicable to any algal species with a sequenced genome and transcriptome dataset.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=140 SRC="FIGDIR/small/585996v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1869cd4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a25d8dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1abd96forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1501bc8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torres-Tiji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sethuram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCauley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutra-Molino, J.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathania, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saxton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillson, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.585996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioinformatic prediction and high throughput in vivo screening to identify cis-regulatory elements for the development of algal synthetic promoters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An essential and highly selective protein import pathway encoded by nucleus-forming phage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeting proteins to specific subcellular destinations is essential in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and the viruses that infect them. Chimalliviridae phages encapsulate their genomes in a nucleus-like replication compartment composed of the protein chimallin (ChmA) that excludes ribosomes and decouples transcription from translation. These phages selectively partition proteins between the phage nucleus and the bacterial cytoplasm. Currently, the genes and signals that govern selective protein import into the phage nucleus are unknown. Here we identify two components of this novel protein import pathway: a species-specific surface-exposed region of a phage intranuclear protein required for nuclear entry and a conserved protein, PicA, that facilitates cargo protein trafficking across the phage nuclear shell. We also identify a defective cargo protein that is targeted to PicA on the nuclear periphery but fails to enter the nucleus, providing insight into the mechanism of nuclear protein trafficking. Using CRISPRi-ART protein expression knockdown of PicA, we show that PicA is essential early in the chimallivirus replication cycle. Together our results allow us to propose a multistep model for the Protein Import Chimallivirus (PIC) pathway, where proteins are targeted to PicA by amino acids on their surface, and then licensed by PicA for nuclear entry. The divergence in the selectivity of this pathway between closely-related chimalliviruses implicates its role as a key player in the evolutionary arms race between competing phages and their hosts.

Significance StatementThe phage nucleus is an enclosed replication compartment built by Chimalliviridae phages that, similar to the eukaryotic nucleus, separates transcription from translation and selectively imports certain proteins. This allows the phage to concentrate proteins required for DNA replication and transcription while excluding DNA-targeting host defense proteins. However, the mechanism of selective trafficking into the phage nucleus is currently unknown. Here we determine the region of a phage nuclear protein that targets it for nuclear import and identify a conserved, essential nuclear shell-associated protein that plays a key role in this process. This work provides the first mechanistic model of selective import into the phage nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morgan, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkholz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aindow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wannasrichan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inlow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razavilar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaikeeratisak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cress, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.21.585822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An essential and highly selective protein import pathway encoded by nucleus-forming phage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586314v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ChemPrint: An AI-Driven Framework for Enhanced Drug Discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586314v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional High-Throughput Screening (HTS) drug discovery is inefficient. Hit rates for compounds with clinical therapeutic potential are typically 0.5% and only up to 2% maximally. Deep learning models have enriched screening rates to 28%; however, these results include hits with non-therapeutic relevant concentrations, insufficient novelty to their training set, and traverse limited chemical space. This study introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-driven platform, GALILEO, and the Molecular-Geometric Deep Learning (Mol-GDL) model, ChemPrint. This model deploys both t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) data splitting to maximize chemical dissimilarity during training and adaptive molecular embeddings to enhance predictive capabilities and navigate uncharted molecular territories. When tested retrospectively, ChemPrint outperformed a panel of five models for the difficult-to-drug oncology targets, AXL and BRD4, achieving an average AUROC score of 0.897 for AXL and 0.876 for BRD4 using the t-SNE split, compared to benchmark model scores ranging from 0.826 to 0.885 for AXL and 0.801 to 0.852 for BRD4. In a zero-shot prospective study, in vitro testing demonstrated that 19 of 41 compounds nominated by ChemPrint against AXL and BRD4 demonstrated inhibitory activity at concentrations [&le;] 20 {micro}M, a 46% hit rate. The 19 hits reported an average-maximum Tanimoto similarity score of 0.36 relative to their training set and scores of 0.13 (AXL) and 0.10 (BRD4) relative to clinical stage compounds for these targets. Our findings demonstrate that increasing test set difficulty through training and testing ChemPrint on datasets with maximal dissimilarity enhances the predictive capabilities of the model. This results in the discovery of compound libraries at high hit rates with low therapeutic concentrations and high chemical novelty. Taken together, the proposed platform sets a new performance standard.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Umansky, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haders, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586314</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ChemPrint: An AI-Driven Framework for Enhanced Drug Discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal tolerance of mosquito eggs is associated with urban adaptation and human interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change is expected to profoundly affect mosquito distributions and their ability to serve as vectors for disease, specifically with the anticipated increase in heat waves. The rising temperature and frequent heat waves can accelerate mosquito life cycles, facilitating higher disease transmission. Conversely, higher temperatures could increase mosquito mortality as a negative consequence. Warmer temperatures are associated with increased human density, suggesting a need for anthropophilic mosquitoes to adapt to be more hardy to heat stress. Mosquito eggs provide an opportunity to study the biological impact of climate warming as this stage is stationary and must tolerate temperatures at the site of female oviposition. As such, egg thermotolerance is critical for survival in a specific habitat. In nature, Aedes mosquitoes exhibit different behavioral phenotypes, where specific populations prefer depositing eggs in tree holes and prefer feeding non-human vertebrates. In contrast, others, particularly human-biting specialists, favor laying eggs in artificial containers near human dwellings. This study examined the thermotolerance of eggs, along with adult stages, for Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus lineages associated with known ancestry and shifts in their relationship with humans. Mosquitoes collected from areas with higher human population density, displaying increased human preference, and having a human-associated ancestry profile have increased egg viability following high-temperature stress. Unlike eggs, thermal tolerance among adults showed no significant correlation based on the area of collection or human-associated ancestry. This study highlights that the egg stage is likely critical to mosquito survival when associated with humans and needs to be accounted when predicting future mosquito distribution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zigmond, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akorli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otoo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal tolerance of mosquito eggs is associated with urban adaptation and human interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Laboratory evolution in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans enables rapid catabolism of a model lignin-derived aromatic dimer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lignin contains a variety of interunit linkages, which leads to a range of potential decomposition products that can be used as carbon sources by microbes. {beta}-O-4 linkages are the most common in native lignin and associated catabolic pathways have been well characterized. However, the fate of the mono-aromatic intermediates that result from {beta}-O-4 dimer cleavage has not been fully elucidated. Here, we used experimental evolution to identify mutant strains of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans with improved catabolism of a model aromatic dimer containing a {beta}-O-4 linkage, guaiacylglycerol-{beta}-guaiacyl ether (GGE). We identified several parallel causal mutations, including a single nucleotide mutation in the promoter of an uncharacterized gene that roughly doubled the growth yield with GGE. We characterized the associated enzyme and demonstrated that it oxidizes an intermediate in GGE catabolism, {beta}-hydroxypropiovanillone, to vanilloyl acetaldehyde. Identification of this enzyme and its key role in GGE catabolism furthers our understanding of catabolic pathways for lignin-derived aromatic compounds.

ImportanceLignin degradation is a key step for both carbon cycling in nature and biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. Bacteria can catabolize lignin-derived aromatic compounds, but the complexity of lignin means that full mineralization requires numerous catabolic pathways and often results in slow growth. Using experimental evolution, we identified a new enzyme for catabolism of a lignin-derived aromatic monomer, {beta}-hydroxypropiovanillone. A single mutation in the promoter of the associated gene significantly increased bacterial growth with either {beta}-hydroxypropiovanillone or a related lignin-derived aromatic dimer. This work expands the repertoire of known aromatic catabolic genes and demonstrates that slow catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds may be due to misregulation under laboratory conditions rather than inherent catabolic challenges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allemann, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannone, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamimura, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michener, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Laboratory evolution in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans enables rapid catabolism of a model lignin-derived aromatic dimer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Molecule Orientation Imaging Reveals the Nano-Architecture of Amyloid Fibrils Undergoing Growth and Decay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.24.586510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid-beta (A{beta}42) aggregates are characteristic signatures of Alzheimers disease, but probing how their nanoscale architectures influence their growth and decay remains challenging using current technologies. Here, we apply time-lapse single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM) to measure the orientations and rotational "wobble" of Nile blue (NB) molecules transiently binding to A{beta}42 fibrils. We quantify correlations between fibril architectures, measured by SMOLM, and their growth and decay visualized by single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We discover that stable A{beta}42 fibrils tend to be well-ordered, signified by well-aligned NB orientations and small wobble. SMOLM also shows that increasing order and disorder are signatures of growing and decaying A{beta}42 fibrils, respectively. We also observe SMLM-invisible fibril remodeling, including steady growth and decay patterns that conserve {beta}-sheet organization. SMOLM reveals that increased heterogeneity in fibril architectures is correlated with more dynamic remodeling and that large-scale fibril remodeling tends to originate from local regions that exhibit strong heterogeneity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lew, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.24.586510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Molecule Orientation Imaging Reveals the Nano-Architecture of Amyloid Fibrils Undergoing Growth and Decay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable germline transgenesis using the Minos Tc1/mariner element in the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stable transgenesis is a transformative tool in model organism biology. While the sea urchin is one of the oldest animal models in cell and developmental biology, it has relied on transient manipulations of wild animals, and has lacked a strategy for stable transgenesis. Here we build on recent progress to develop a more genetically tractable sea urchin species, Lytechinus pictus, to establish a robust transgene integration method. Three commonly used transposons (Minos, Tol2, piggyBac) were tested for non-autonomous transposition, using plasmids containing a polyubiquitin promoter upstream of a H2B-mCerulean nuclear marker. Minos was the only transposable element that resulted in significant expression past metamorphosis. F0 animals were raised to sexual maturity and spawned to determine germline integration, transgene inheritance frequency, and to characterize expression patterns of the transgene in F1 progeny. The results demonstrated transgene transmission through the germline, the first example of a germline transgenic sea urchin, and indeed of any echinoderm. This milestone paves the way for the generation of diverse transgenic resources that will dramatically enhance the utility, reproducibility, and efficiency of sea urchin research.

Significance StatementTransgenic tools are essential for effective utilization of animal models. Despite being an established model for cell and developmental biology, the sea urchin has not previously benefited from transgenic technology. This study reports the generation of the first germline transgenic sea urchin and opens new avenues for this organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jackson, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjeerdema, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdoun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable germline transgenesis using the Minos Tc1/mariner element in the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Hollow TFG Condensate Spatially Compartmentalizes the Early Secretory Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.26.586876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the early secretory pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes form a nearly spherical interface. In this ribosome-excluding zone, bidirectional transport of cargo coincides with a spatial segregation of anterograde and retrograde carriers by an unknown mechanism. We show that at physiological conditions, Trk-fused gene (TFG) self-organizes to form a hollow, anisotropic condensate that matches the dimensions of the ER-Golgi interface. Regularly spaced hydrophobic residues in TFG control the condensation mechanism and result in a porous condensate surface. We find that TFG condensates act as a molecular sieve, enabling molecules corresponding to the size of anterograde coats (COPII) to access the condensate interior while restricting retrograde coats (COPI). We propose that a hollow TFG condensate structures the ER-Golgi interface to create a diffusion-limited space for bidirectional transport. We further propose that TFG condensates optimize membrane flux by insulating secretory carriers in their lumen from retrograde carriers outside TFG cages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wegeng, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogus, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noori, K. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niesman, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.26.586876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Hollow TFG Condensate Spatially Compartmentalizes the Early Secretory Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple and subject-specific roles of uncertainty in reward-guided decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decision-making in noisy, changing, and partially observable environments entails a basic tradeoff between immediate reward and longer-term information gain, known as the exploration-exploitation dilemma. Computationally, an effective way to balance this tradeoff is by leveraging uncertainty to guide exploration. Yet, in humans, empirical findings are mixed, from suggesting uncertainty-seeking to indifference and avoidance. In a novel bandit task that better captures uncertainty-driven behavior, we find multiple roles for uncertainty in human choices. First, stable and psychologically meaningful individual differences in uncertainty preferences actually range from seeking to avoidance, which can manifest as null group-level effects. Second, uncertainty modulates the use of basic decision heuristics that imperfectly exploit immediate rewards: a repetition bias and win-stay-lose-shift heuristic. These heuristics interact with uncertainty, favoring heuristic choices under higher uncertainty. These results, highlighting the rich and varied structure of reward-based choice, are a step to understanding its functional basis and dysfunction in psychopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paunov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>L'Hotellier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyniel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple and subject-specific roles of uncertainty in reward-guided decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LeGenD: determining N-glycoprofiles using an explainable AI-leveraged model with lectin profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation affects many vital functions of organisms. Therefore, its surveillance is critical from basic science to biotechnology, including biopharmaceutical development and clinical diagnostics. However, conventional glycan structure analysis faces challenges with throughput and cost. Lectins offer an alternative approach for analyzing glycans, but they only provide glycan epitopes and not full glycan structure information. To overcome these limitations, we developed LeGenD, a lectin and AI-based approach to predict N-glycan structures and determine their relative abundance in purified proteins based on lectin-binding patterns. We trained the LeGenD model using 309 glycoprofiles from 10 recombinant proteins, produced in 30 glycoengineered CHO cell lines. Our approach accurately reconstructed experimentally-measured N-glycoprofiles of bovine Fetuin B and IgG from human sera. Explanatory AI analysis with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) helped identify the critical lectins for glycoprofile predictions. Our LeGenD approach thus presents an alternative approach for N-glycan analysis.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=136 SRC="FIGDIR/small/587044v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peralta, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoffelen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnsdorf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinn, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulchakrabarti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LeGenD: determining N-glycoprofiles using an explainable AI-leveraged model with lectin profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenomic landscape of the human dorsal root ganglion: sex differences and transcriptional regulation of nociceptive genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression is influenced by chromatin architecture via controlled access of regulatory factors to DNA. To better understand gene regulation in the human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) we used bulk and spatial transposase-accessible chromatin technology followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq). Using bulk ATAC-seq, we detected that in females diverse differentially accessible chromatin regions (DARs) mapped to the X chromosome and in males to autosomal genes. EGR1/3 and SP1/4 transcription factor binding motifs were abundant within DARs in females, and JUN, FOS and other AP-1 factors in males. To dissect the open chromatin profile in hDRG neurons, we used spatial ATAC-seq. The neuron cluster showed higher chromatin accessibility in GABAergic, glutamatergic, and interferon-related genes in females, and in Ca2+-signaling-related genes in males. Sex differences in transcription factor binding sites in neuron-proximal barcodes were consistent with the trends observed in bulk ATAC-seq data. We validated that EGR1 expression is biased to female hDRG compared to male. Strikingly, XIST, the long-noncoding RNA responsible for X inactivation, hybridization signal was found to be highly dispersed in the female neuronal but not non-neuronal nuclei suggesting weak X inactivation in female hDRG neurons. Our findings point to baseline epigenomic sex differences in the hDRG that likely underlie divergent transcriptional responses that determine mechanistic sex differences in pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franco-Enzastiga, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inturi, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwirigi, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazhar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenomic landscape of the human dorsal root ganglion: sex differences and transcriptional regulation of nociceptive genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Molecular Architecture of the Nuclear Basket 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole mediator of nucle-ocytoplasmic transport. Despite great advances in understanding its conserved core architecture, the peripheral regions can exhibit considerable variation within and between species. One such structure is the cage-like nuclear basket. Despite its crucial roles in mRNA surveillance and chromatin organization, an architectural understanding has remained elusive. Using in-cell cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram analysis, we explored the NPCs structural variations and the nuclear basket across fungi (yeast; S. cerevisiae), mammals (mouse; M. musculus), and protozoa (T. gondii). Using integrative structural modeling, we computed a model of the basket in yeast and mammals that revealed how a hub of Nups in the nuclear ring binds to basket-forming Mlp/Tpr proteins: the coiled-coil domains of Mlp/Tpr form the struts of the basket, while their unstructured termini constitute the basket distal densities, which potentially serve as a docking site for mRNA preprocessing before nucleocytoplasmic transport
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duquette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Eeuwen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molloy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chait, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rout, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Molecular Architecture of the Nuclear Basket]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycoengineered recombinant alpha1-antitrypsin results in comparable in vitro and in vivo activities to human plasma-derived protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a multifunctional, clinically important, high value therapeutic glycoprotein that can be used for the treatment of many diseases such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, diabetes, graft-versus-host-disease, cystic fibrosis and various viral infections. Currently, the only FDA-approved treatment for A1AT disorders is intravenous augmentation therapy with human plasma-derived A1AT. In addition to its limited supply, this approach poses a risk of infection transmission, since it uses therapeutic A1AT harvested from donors. To address these issues, we sought to generate recombinant human A1AT (rhA1AT) that is chemically and biologically indistinguishable from its plasma-derived counterpart using glycoengineered Chinese Hamster Ovary (geCHO-L) cells. By deleting nine key genes that are part of the CHO glycosylation machinery and expressing the human ST6GAL1 and A1AT genes, we obtained stable, high producing geCHO-L lines that produced rhA1AT having an identical glycoprofile to plasma-derived A1AT (pdA1AT). Additionally, the rhA1AT demonstrated in vitro activity and in vivo half-life comparable to commercial pdA1AT. Thus, we anticipate that this platform will help produce human-like recombinant plasma proteins, thereby providing a more sustainable and reliable source of therapeutics that are cost-effective and better-controlled with regard to purity, clinical safety and quality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoffelen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnsdorf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorn, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElvaney, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B. G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerst, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycoengineered recombinant alpha1-antitrypsin results in comparable in vitro and in vivo activities to human plasma-derived protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.584911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning from Machine Learning: advancing from static to dynamic facial function quantification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.584911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesWe assess an open-source Python machine learning algorithms efficacy in image and video analysis of facial palsy (FP) patients.

MethodsImages and videos of 60 patients with varying FP severities performing standard movements were obtained from MEEI Facial Palsy database. Landmarks generated on images by the open-source algorithm (adapted from OpenCV and Dlib libraries) and Emotrics (standard for two-dimensional FP analysis) were compared. Considering the human eye as the standard for accuracy, three raters marked perceived errors in each algorithms tracking of five facial features. Cumulative error distributions between both algorithms were compared via normalized root mean square error. FP severity and facial feature-specific error rates were compared using ANOVA tests. Raters also analyzed open-source algorithm-generated video landmarks; similar statistical comparisons between open-source algorithms image and video-based analyses were performed.

ResultsCumulative error distribution between both algorithms image analyses was most robust for normal function; significant discrepancies were observed in mild/moderate flaccidity and nearly-normal/complete synkinesis. Both algorithms had similar error rates across all facial features (p=0.76) and FP severities (p=0.37). In the open-source algorithms video analysis, mild synkinesis (24.7%) and severe flaccidity (19.7%) had the highest error rates. Comparing image and video analyses generated by the open-source algorithm, video analyses had lower error rates across all FP severities (p<0.001).

ConclusionsWe report for the first time the feasibility and relative accuracy of a Python open-source algorithm for dynamic facial landmark tracking in FP videos. The demonstrated superiority of landmark tracking with videos over images can improve objective FP quantification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalavacherla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.584911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning from Machine Learning: advancing from static to dynamic facial function quantification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.586663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open-source, high performance miniature multiphoton microscopy systems for freely behaving animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.586663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we describe the development of the UCLA 2P Miniscope, an easily adopted, open-source miniature 2-photon microscope capable of recording calcium dynamics from neurons located in deep structures and in dendrites over a 445 m x 380 m field of view (FOV) during free behavior. The system weighs approximately 4g and utilizes two on-board silicon-based photon detectors for highly sensitive measurements. All hardware is designed for high performance and ease of assembly, while minimizing cost. To test the 2P miniature microscope, we recorded in three experimental conditions to highlight its capabilities during free behavior in mice. First, we recorded calcium dynamics from place cells in hippocampal area CA1. Next, we resolved calcium transients from dendrites in retrosplenial cortex during 30 minutes of free behavior. Last, we recorded dentate granule cell activity at a depth of over 620 m, through an intact hippocampal CA1 during an open field behavior. The dentate granule cell recordings, to our knowledge, are the first optical recordings from these neurons ever performed in the intact hippocampus during free behavior. The miniature microscope itself and all supporting equipment are open-source and all files needed for building the scope can be accessed through the UCLA Golshani Lab GitHub repository.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Madruga, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorian, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sehgal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shtrahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aharoni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golshani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.586663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open-source, high performance miniature multiphoton microscopy systems for freely behaving animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.586681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rampant transcription replication conflict creates therapeutic vulnerability in extrachromosomal DNA containing cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.586681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) presents a major challenge for precision medicine, contributing to poor survival for patients with oncogene-amplified tumours. EcDNA renders tumours resistant to targeted treatments by facilitating massive transcription of oncogenes and rapid genome evolution. At present, there are no ecDNA- specific treatments. Here we show that enhancing transcription replication conflict enables targeted elimination of ecDNA-containing cancers, exposing an actionable vulnerability. Stepwise analyses of ecDNA transcription reveal landscapes of pervasive RNA transcription and associated single-stranded DNA, leading to excessive transcription replication conflicts and replication stress (RS) compared to chromosomal loci. Nucleotide incorporation onto growing DNA strands is markedly slower on ecDNA, and RS is significantly higher in ecDNA-containing tumours regardless of cancer type or oncogene cargo. Replication Protein A2 phosphorylated on serine 33, a mediator of DNA damage repair that binds single-stranded DNA, shows elevated localization on ecDNA in a transcription dependent manner, along with increased DNA double strand breaks, and activation of the S-phase checkpoint kinase, CHK1. Genetic or pharmacological CHK1 inhibition abrogates the DNA replication check point, causing extensive and preferential tumour cell death in ecDNA-containing tumours as they enter S-phase. To exploit this vulnerability, we develop a highly selective, potent, and bioavailable oral CHK1 inhibitor, BBI-2779, and demonstrate that it preferentially kills ecDNA-containing tumour cells. In a gastric cancer model containing FGFR2 on ecDNA, BBI-2779, suppresses tumour growth and prevents ecDNA-mediated acquired resistance to the pan-FGFR inhibitor infigratinib, resulting in potent and sustained tumour regression in mice. These results reveal transcription-replication conflict as an ecDNA-generated vulnerability that can be targeted as an ecDNA-directed therapy and suggest that synthetic lethality of excess can be exploited as a strategy for treating cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, I. T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinov, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanoian, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steffy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milutinovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenleaf, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benkovic, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkerton, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasibhatla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassig, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.586681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rampant transcription replication conflict creates therapeutic vulnerability in extrachromosomal DNA containing cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitive Fluorescent Biosensor Reveals Differential Subcellular Regulation of PKC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases, which consist of three distinctly regulated subfamilies, have long been established as critical for a variety of cellular functions. However, how PKC enzymes are regulated at different subcellular locations, particularly at emerging signaling hubs such as the ER, lysosome, and Par signaling complexes, is unclear. Here, we present a sensitive Excitation Ratiometric (ExRai) C Kinase Activity Reporter (ExRai-CKAR2) that enables the detection of minute changes in subcellular PKC activity. Using ExRai-CKAR2 in conjunction with an enhanced diacylglycerol (DAG) biosensor capable of detecting intracellular DAG dynamics, we uncover the differential regulation of PKC isoforms at distinct subcellular locations. We find that G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation triggers sustained PKC activity at the ER and lysosomes, primarily mediated by Ca2+ sensitive conventional PKC (cPKC) and novel PKC (nPKC), respectively, with nPKC showing high basal activity due to elevated basal DAG levels on lysosome membranes. The high sensitivity of ExRai-CKAR2, targeted to either the cytosol or Par-complexes, further enabled us to detect previously inaccessible endogenous atypical PKC (aPKC) activity in 3D organoids. Taken together, ExRai-CKAR2 is a powerful tool for interrogating PKC regulation in response to physiological stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitive Fluorescent Biosensor Reveals Differential Subcellular Regulation of PKC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of RdRp Thumb-1 as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral family of targets and MDL-001 as a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor thereof - Part I:                 A Bioinformatics and Deep Learning Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses cause human diseases, ranging from mild colds to deadly pandemics. These viruses share a highly conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), but developing a non-nucleoside RdRp inhibitor with broad antiviral activity has been elusive. To this end, we first compared RdRp structures across +ssRNA viral families, including homology models created for critical viruses lacking solved crystal structures. We used multiple sequence alignments to observe key loop and pocket residues. Second, we used ChemPrint, a Molecular-Geometric Deep Learning (Mol-GDL) machine learning model, to predict drug inhibition of the Thumb-1 site in RdRp in a panel of +ssRNA viruses of concern. We identified pipendoxifene (MDL-001) as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral that in previous clinical studies, has demonstrated safety and tolerability and sufficient evidence to support its oral administration and once-a-day dosing. These experiments also demonstrated how the Thumb-1 site has been hidden from conventional virtual screening techniques, like docking, and we demonstrated why beclabuvir, the only approved (Japan) Thumb-1 inhibitor, does not work as a broad-spectrum antiviral. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated MDL-001 efficacy across multiple RNA virus families, reinforcing its therapeutic promise for undifferentiated viral infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Woods, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umansky, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garvey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haders, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of RdRp Thumb-1 as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral family of targets and MDL-001 as a potent broad-spectrum inhibitor thereof - Part I:                 A Bioinformatics and Deep Learning Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.31.587511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular vesicles-based point-of-care testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.31.587511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. One promising strategy for detecting and monitoring AD early on is using extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based point-of-care testing; however, diagnosing AD using EVs poses a challenge due to the low abundance of EV-biomarkers. Here, we present a fully integrated organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) that enables high accuracy, speed, and convenience in the detection of EVs from AD patients. We incorporated self-aligned acoustoelectric enhancement of EVs on a chip that rapidly propels, enriches, and specifically binds EVs to the OECT detection area. With our enhancement of pre-concentration, we increased the sensitivity to a limit of detection of 500 EV particles/L and reduced the required detection time to just two minutes. We also tested the sensor on an AD mouse model to monitor AD progression, examined mouse A{beta} EVs at different time courses, and compared them with intraneuronal A{beta} cumulation using MRI. This innovative technology has the potential to diagnose Alzheimers and other neurodegenerative diseases accurately and quickly, enabling monitoring of disease progression and treatment response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>yang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.31.587511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular vesicles-based point-of-care testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Empowering STEM Students: A University-wide Mentorship Program Fostering Retention and Belonging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the face of a challenging climate that is resistant to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) efforts, there is a critical need for a support structure for retaining students, particularly those from historically excluded groups (HEGs), in STEM. The Biology Undergraduate and Masters Mentorship Program (BUMMP) embodies this commitment to fostering scientific identity, efficacy, and sense of belonging for 1st generation and historically underserved undergraduate and masters students at UC San Diego. The mission of BUMMP is to cultivate a sense of belonging, instill confidence, and nurture a strong scientific identity amongst all of its participants. At its core, the three pillars of BUMMP are: 1) mentorship, 2) professional development, and 3) research. Quality mentorship is provided where students receive personal guidance from faculty, graduate students, postdocs, and industry leaders in navigating their career pathways. Complementing mentorship, BUMMP provides paid research opportunities and prioritizes professional development by offering workshops designed to enhance students professional skills. These three pillars form the backbone of BUMMP, empowering students from all backgrounds and ensuring their retention and persistence in STEM. So far, weve served over 1,350 mentees, collaborated with 809 mentors, and had over 180 mentees actively engaged in BUMMP-sponsored research activities. Overall, BUMMPs expansive efforts have made a tremendous impact at UC San Diego and will continue to foster a community of future leaders who will be prepared to make meaningful contributions to the scientific community and beyond.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravishankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer-Drakes, T. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coopwood, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencers, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Empowering STEM Students: A University-wide Mentorship Program Fostering Retention and Belonging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APOBEC shapes tumor evolution and age at onset of lung cancer in smokers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
APOBEC enzymes are part of the innate immunity and are responsible for restricting viruses and retroelements by deaminating cytosine residues1,2. Most solid tumors harbor different levels of somatic mutations attributed to the off-target activities of APOBEC3A (A3A) and/or APOBEC3B (A3B)3-6. However, how APOBEC3A/B enzymes shape the tumor evolution in the presence of exogenous mutagenic processes is largely unknown. Here, by combining deep whole-genome sequencing with multi-omics profiling of 309 lung cancers from smokers with detailed tobacco smoking information, we identify two subtypes defined by low (LAS) and high (HAS) APOBEC mutagenesis. LAS are enriched for A3B-like mutagenesis and KRAS mutations, whereas HAS for A3A-like mutagenesis and TP53 mutations. Unlike APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B expression is strongly associated with an upregulation of the base excision repair pathway. Hypermutation by unrepaired A3A and tobacco smoking mutagenesis combined with TP53-induced genomic instability can trigger senescence7, apoptosis8, and cell regeneration9, as indicated by high expression of pulmonary healing signaling pathway, stemness markers and distal cell-of-origin in HAS. The expected association of tobacco smoking variables (e.g., time to first cigarette) with genomic/epigenomic changes are not observed in HAS, a plausible consequence of frequent cell senescence or apoptosis. HAS have more neoantigens, slower clonal expansion, and older age at onset compared to LAS, particularly in heavy smokers, consistent with high proportions of newly generated, unmutated cells and frequent immuno-editing. These findings show how heterogeneity in mutational burden across co-occurring mutational processes and cell types contributes to tumor development, with important clinical implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenbaum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimczak, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElderry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colon-Matos, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Przytycka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caporaso, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pesatori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Consonni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imielin _ski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedge, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordenin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APOBEC shapes tumor evolution and age at onset of lung cancer in smokers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optineurin-facilitated axonal mitochondria delivery promotes neuroprotection and axon regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optineurin (OPTN) mutations are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG), but a relevant animal model is lacking, and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are unknown. We found that OPTN C-terminus truncation (OPTN{Delta}C) causes late-onset neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), optic nerve (ON), and spinal cord motor neurons, preceded by a striking decrease of axonal mitochondria. Surprisingly, we discover that OPTN directly interacts with both microtubules and the mitochondrial transport complex TRAK1/KIF5B, stabilizing them for proper anterograde axonal mitochondrial transport, in a C- terminus dependent manner. Encouragingly, overexpressing OPTN/TRAK1/KIF5B reverses not only OPTN truncation-induced, but also ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration, and promotes striking ON regeneration. Therefore, in addition to generating new animal models for NTG and ALS, our results establish OPTN as a novel facilitator of the microtubule-dependent mitochondrial transport necessary for adequate axonal mitochondria delivery, and its loss as the likely molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Torre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsbie, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optineurin-facilitated axonal mitochondria delivery promotes neuroprotection and axon regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Onco-Circuit Addiction and Onco-Nutrient mTORC1 Signaling Vulnerability in a Model of Aggressive T Cell Malignancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How genetic lesions drive cell transformation and whether they can be circumvented without compromising function of non-transformed cells are enduring questions in oncology. Here we show that in mature T cells--in which physiologic clonal proliferation is a cardinal feature-- constitutive MYC transcription and Tsc1 loss in mice modeled aggressive human malignancy by reinforcing each others oncogenic programs. This cooperation was supported by MYC-induced large neutral amino acid transporter chaperone SLC3A2 and dietary leucine, which in synergy with Tsc1 deletion overstimulated mTORC1 to promote mitochondrial fitness and MYC protein overexpression in a positive feedback circuit. A low leucine diet was therapeutic even in late-stage disease but did not hinder T cell immunity to infectious challenge, nor impede T cell transformation driven by constitutive nutrient mTORC1 signaling via Depdc5 loss. Thus, mTORC1 signaling hypersensitivity to leucine as an onco-nutrient enables an onco-circuit, decoupling pathologic from physiologic utilization of nutrient acquisition pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornish, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capistrano, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finley, L. W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwitz, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Onco-Circuit Addiction and Onco-Nutrient mTORC1 Signaling Vulnerability in a Model of Aggressive T Cell Malignancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unique functional neuroimaging signatures of genetic versus clinical high risk for psychosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22qDel) is a copy number variant (CNV) associated with psychosis and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) have subthreshold psychosis symptoms without known genetic risk factors. Whether common neural substrates underlie these distinct high-risk populations is unknown. We compared functional brain measures in 22qDel and CHR cohorts and mapped results to biological pathways.

MethodsWe analyzed two large multi-site cohorts with resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI): 1) 22qDel (n=164, 47% female) and typically developing (TD) controls (n=134, 56% female); 2) CHR individuals (n=244, 41% female) and TD controls (n=151, 46% female) from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-2. We computed global brain connectivity (GBC), local connectivity (LC), and brain signal variability (BSV) across cortical regions, testing case-control differences for 22qDel and CHR separately. Group difference maps were related to published brain maps using autocorrelation-preserving permutation.

ResultsBSV, LC, and GBC are significantly disrupted in 22qDel compared with TD controls (False Discovery Rate q<0.05). Spatial maps of BSV and LC differences are highly correlated with each other, unlike GBC. In CHR, only LC is significantly altered versus controls, with a different spatial pattern compared to 22qDel. Group differences map onto biological gradients, with 22qDel effects strongest in regions with high predicted blood flow and metabolism.

Conclusion22qDel and CHR exhibit divergent effects on fMRI temporal variability and multi-scale functional connectivity. In 22qDel, strong and convergent disruptions in BSV and LC not seen in CHR individuals suggest distinct functional brain alterations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schleifer, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amir, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hora, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J. W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kushan-Wells, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Fabio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frascarelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudbrandsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kates, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Addington, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anticevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadenhead, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornblatt, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshavan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathalon, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, L. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoftman, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bearden, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unique functional neuroimaging signatures of genetic versus clinical high risk for psychosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.04.588153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
12/15-Lipoxygenases mediate neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.04.588153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is estimated that chronic neuropathic pain conditions exhibit up to 10% prevalence in the general population, with increased incidence in females. However, nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ineffective, and currently indicated prescription treatments such as opioids, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants provide only limited therapeutic benefit. In the current work, we extended previous studies in male rats utilizing a paradigm of central Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent, NSAID-unresponsive neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity to male and female C57BL/6N mice, uncovering an unexpected hyperalgesic phenotype in female mice following intrathecal (IT) LPS. In contrast to previous reports in female C57BL/6J mice, female C57BL/6N mice displayed tactile and cold allodynia, grip force deficits, and locomotor hyperactivity in response to IT LPS. Congruent with our previous observations in male rats, systemic inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenases (12/15-LOX) in female B6N mice with selective inhibitors - ML355 (targeting 12-LOX-p) and ML351 (targeting 15-LOX-1) - completely reversed allodynia and grip force deficits. We demonstrate here that 12/15-LOX enzymes also are expressed in mouse spinal cord and that 12/15-LOX metabolites produce tactile allodynia when administered spinally (IT) or peripherally (intraplantar in the paw, IPLT) in a hyperalgesic priming model, similar to others observations with the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolite Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Surprisingly, we did not detect hyperalgesic priming following IT administration of LPS, indicating that this phenomenon likely requires peripheral activation of nociceptors. Collectively, these data suggest that 12/15-LOX enzymes contribute to neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in rodents, with potential translatability as druggable targets across sexes and species using multiple reflexive and non-reflexive outcome measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miliano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murdaugh, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddinger, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buczynski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregus, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.04.588153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[12/15-Lipoxygenases mediate neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated multiomic analysis identifies TRIP13 as a mediator of alveolar epithelial type II cell dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal progressive lung disease urgently needing new therapies. Current treatments only delay disease progression, leaving lung transplant as the sole remaining option. Recent studies support a model whereby IPF arises because alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells, which normally mediate distal lung regeneration, acquire airway and/or mesenchymal characteristics, preventing proper repair. Mechanisms driving this abnormal differentiation remain unclear. We performed integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of purified AT2 cells which revealed genome-wide alterations in IPF lungs. The most prominent epigenetic alteration was activation of an enhancer in thyroid receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13), coinciding with TRIP13 upregulation. TRIP13 is broadly implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and transforming growth factor-{beta} signaling. In cultured human AT2 cells and lung slices, small molecule TRIP inhibitor DCZ0415 prevented acquisition of the mesenchymal gene signature characteristic of IPF, suggesting TRIP13 inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach to fibrotic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>St. Pierre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berhan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afshar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Offringa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconett, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.05.588292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated multiomic analysis identifies TRIP13 as a mediator of alveolar epithelial type II cell dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elasmobranchs Exhibit Species-Specific Epidermal Microbiomes Guided by Denticle Topography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.05.588334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elasmobranch epidermal microbiomes are species-specific, yet microbial assembly and retainment drivers are mainly unknown. The contribution of host-derived factors in recruiting an associated microbiome is essential for understanding host-microbe interactions. Here, we focus on the physical aspect of the host skin in structuring microbial communities. Each species of elasmobranch exhibits unique denticle morphology, and we investigate whether microbial communities and functional pathways are correlated with the morphological features or follow the phylogeny of the three species. We extracted and sequenced the DNA from the epidermal microbial communities of three captive shark species: Horn (Heterodontus francisci), Leopard (Triakis semifasciata), and Swell shark (Cephaloscyllium ventriosum) and use electron microscopy to measure the dermal denticle features of each species. Our results outline species-specific microbial communities, as microbiome compositions vary at the phyla level; C. ventriosum hosted a higher relative abundance of Pseudomonadota and Bacillota, while H. francisci were associated with a higher prevalence of Euryarchaeota and Aquificae, and Bacteroidota and Crenarchaeota were ubiquitous with T. semifasciata. Functional pathways performed by each species respective microbiome were species-specific metabolic. Microbial genes associated with aminosugars and electron-accepting reactions were correlated with the distance between dermal denticles, whereas desiccation stress genes were only present when the dermal denticle overlapped. Microbial genes associated with Pyrimidines, chemotaxis and virulence followed the phylogeny of the sharks. Several microbial genera display associations that resemble host evolutionary lineage, while others had linear relationships with interdenticle distance. Therefore, denticle morphology was a selective influence for some microbes and functions in the microbiome contributing to the phylosymbiosis.

ImportanceMicrobial communities form species-specific relationships with vertebrate hosts, but the drivers of these relationships remain an outstanding question. We explore the relationship between a physical feature of the host and the microbial community. A distinguishing feature of the subclass Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, and skates), is the presence of dermal denticles on the skin. These structures protrude through the epidermis providing increased swimming efficiency for the host and an artificial model skin affect microbial recruitment and establishment of cultured microbes but has not been tested on natural microbiomes. Here, we show some naturally occurring microbial genera and functional attributes were correlated with dermal denticle features, suggesting they are one, but not only contributing factor in microbiome structure on benthic sharks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goodman, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papudeshi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nero Moffatt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lima, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niesman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinsdale, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.05.588334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elasmobranchs Exhibit Species-Specific Epidermal Microbiomes Guided by Denticle Topography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.06.588104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide profiling of the hierarchical control of autophagy dynamics using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.06.588104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recycling of cellular components through autophagy maintains homeostasis in dynamic nutrient environments, and its dysregulation is linked to several human disorders. Although extensive research has characterized the core mechanisms of autophagy, limited insight into its systems-wide dynamic control has hampered predictive modeling and effective in vivo manipulation. In this study, we mapped the genetic network that controls both the dynamic activation and inactivation of autophagy during nitrogen changes, using a combination of time-resolved high-content imaging, deep learning, and latent feature analysis. This approach generated a comprehensive genome-wide profiling repository, termed AutoDRY, categorizing 5919 mutants based on their nutrient response kinetics and differential contributions to autophagosome formation and clearance. Integrating these profiles with functional and genetic network data unveiled a hierarchical and multi-layered control of autophagy, identifying new regulatory aspects of the core machinery and established nutrient-sensing pathways. By leveraging multi-omics resources and explainable machine learning to predict genetic perturbation effects and infer new regulatory mechanisms, we identified the retrograde pathway as a pivotal, time-varying autophagy modulator through transcriptional tuning of core genes. By charting the systems-wide dynamical control of autophagy, we have laid the groundwork for connecting the complexity of genome-wide influences with specific core mechanisms. This represents a significant advancement in studying complex genetic phenotypes, guides functional genomics of dynamic cellular processes in any organism, and provides a powerful starting point for hypothesis-based research on autophagy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chica, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orellana-Munoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguea P, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayuda-Duran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakensbakken, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodningen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putnam, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zucknick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rusten, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enserink, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.06.588104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide profiling of the hierarchical control of autophagy dynamics using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diet and Size-at-Birth Affect Larval Rockfish Condition and Survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Feeding success and maternal effects on larval size have long been hypothesized as important contributors to interannual recruitment variability in marine fishes. This study examined the feeding ecology and influences of diet and size-at-birth on length and growth of larval rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). Prey carbon biomass and selection were calculated from gut contents, size-at-birth was estimated using otolith core size, and recent growth was derived from outer otolith increment widths. Biomass contributions of preferred prey and otolith data were integrated into Bayesian hierarchical models predicting length and growth. Larvae primarily fed on and selected for copepod nauplii and Calanoid copepodites, modulating feeding with ontogeny and in response to prey availability. Based on carbon weight, the relative contribution of Calanoid copepodites to the diet was more strongly and positively correlated with length and growth than that of nauplii. Younger larvae experienced faster growth in association with Calanoid copepodite consumption than older larvae. Positive effects of core radius suggest that initial larval size, believed to be mediated by maternal provisioning, increases the likelihood of survival, larger size and faster growth. These findings ultimately provide evidence that selective feeding and size-at-birth mediate rockfish survival in early life stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walsh, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semmens, B. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennie, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.07.588270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diet and Size-at-Birth Affect Larval Rockfish Condition and Survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical tools to define and manipulate interferon-inducible Ubl protease USP18 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) is a multifunctional cysteine protease primarily responsible for deconjugating interferon-inducible ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifier ISG15 from protein substrates. Here, we report the design and synthesis of activity-based probes (ABPs) capable of selectively detecting USP18 activity over other ISG15 cross-reactive deubiquitinases (DUBs) by incorporating unnatural amino acids into the C-terminal tail of ISG15. Combining with a ubiquitin-based DUB ABP, the selective USP18 ABP is employed in a chemoproteomic screening platform to identify and assess inhibitors of DUBs including USP18. We further demonstrate that USP18 ABPs can be utilized to profile differential activities of USP18 in lung cancer cell lines, providing a strategy that will help define the activity-related landscape of USP18 in different disease states and unravel important (de)ISGylation-dependent biological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omole, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rut, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holewinski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suazo, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andresson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.08.588544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical tools to define and manipulate interferon-inducible Ubl protease USP18]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automated, image-based quantification of peroxisome characteristics with perox-per-cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
perox-per-cell automates cumbersome, image-based data collection tasks often encountered in peroxisome research. The software processes microscopy images to quantify peroxisome features in yeast cells. It uses off-the-shelf image processing tools to automatically segment cells and peroxisomes and then outputs quantitative metrics including peroxisome counts per cell and spatial areas. In validation tests, we found that perox-per-cell output agrees well with manually-quantified peroxisomal counts and cell instances, thereby enabling high-throughput quantification of peroxisomal characteristics. The software is available at https://github.com/AitchisonLab/perox-per-cell
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neal, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mast, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farre, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacio, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raney-Plourde, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitchison, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.08.588597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automated, image-based quantification of peroxisome characteristics with perox-per-cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.587551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning for Ecosystem and Fire Effects Monitoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.587551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-term terrestrial ecosystem monitoring is a critical component of documenting outcomes of land management actions, assessing progress towards management objectives, and guiding realistic long-term ecological goals, all through repeated observation and measurement. Traditional monitoring methods have evolved for specific applications in forestry, ecology, and fire and fuels management. While successful monitoring programs have clear goals, trained expertise, and rigorous sampling protocols, new advances in technology and data management can help overcome the most common pitfalls in data quality and repeatability. This paper presents Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), a specific form of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), as an emerging sampling method that can complement and enhance existing monitoring methods. TLS captures in high resolution the 3D structure of a terrestrial ecosystem (forest, grassland, etc.), and is increasingly efficient and affordable (<$30,000). Integrating TLS into ecosystem monitoring can standardize data collection, improve efficiency, and reduce bias and error. Streamlined data processing pipelines can rigorously analyze TLS data and incorporate constant improvements to inform management decisions and planning. The approach described in this paper utilizes portable, push-button TLS equipment that, when calibrated with initial transect sampling, captures detailed forestry, fuels, and ecological features in less than 5 minutes per plot. We also introduce an interagency automated processing pipeline and dashboard viewer for instant, user-friendly analysis, and data retrieval of hundreds of metrics. Forest metrics and inventories produced with these methods offer effective decision-support data for managers to quantify landscape-scale conditions and respond with efficient action. This protocol further supports interagency compatibility for efficient natural resource monitoring across jurisdictional boundaries with uniform data, language, methods, and data analysis. With continued improvement of scanner capabilities and affordability, these data will shape the future of terrestrial ecosystem monitoring as an important means to address the increasingly fast pace of ecological change facing natural resource managers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loudermilk, E. L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokswinski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Link, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lienesch, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowronski, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snitker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yurkiewicz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Meador, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nealey, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altintas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiers, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.09.587551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanning for Ecosystem and Fire Effects Monitoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative multi-omic analysis identifies genes associated with cuticular wax biogenesis in adult maize leaves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying the genetic basis of leaf wax composition and its correlation with leaf cuticular conductance (gc) is crucial for improving crop water-use efficiency. The leaf cuticle, which comprises a cutin matrix and various waxes, functions as an extracellular hydrophobic layer, protecting against water loss upon stomatal closure. To address the limited understanding of genes associated with the natural variation of leaf cuticular waxes and their connection to gc, we conducted statistical genetic analyses using leaf transcriptomic, metabolomic, and physiological data sets collected from a maize (Zea mays L.) panel of [~]300 inbred lines. Through a random forest analysis with 60 cuticular wax traits, it was shown that high molecular weight wax esters play an important role in predicting gc. Integrating results from genome-wide and transcriptome-wide studies (GWAS and TWAS) via a Fishers combined test revealed 231 candidate genes detected by all three association tests. Among these, 11 genes exhibit known or predicted roles in cuticle-related processes. Throughout the genome, multiple hotspots consisting of GWAS signals for several traits from one or more wax classes were discovered, identifying four additional plausible candidate genes and providing insights into the genetic basis of correlated wax traits. Establishing a partially shared genetic architecture, we identified 35 genes for both gc and at least one wax trait, with four considered plausible candidates. Our study uncovered the genetic control of maize leaf waxes, establishing a link between wax composition and gc, with implications for potentially breeding more water-use efficient maize.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe exploited natural variation in the abundance of maize leaf cuticular waxes to identify genetic determinants of wax composition and its relationship to cuticle function as a barrier against water loss. We identified a set of strongly supported candidate genes with plausible functions in cuticular wax biosynthesis or deposition and added to the evidence for wax esters as the most important wax for water barrier function, offering new tools for modification of cuticle-dependent traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourgault, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matschi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Boerdonk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.09.588685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative multi-omic analysis identifies genes associated with cuticular wax biogenesis in adult maize leaves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breaking Down the Bottlebrush: Atomically-Detailed Structural Dynamics of Mucins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.09.588790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mucins, the biomolecular components of mucus, are glycoproteins that form a thick physical barrier at all tissue-air interfaces, forming a first line of defense against pathogens. Structural features of mucins and their interactions with other biomolecules remain largely unexplored due to challenges associated with their high-resolution characterization. Combining limited mass spectrometry glycomics and protein sequencing data, we present all-atom, explicitly solvated molecular dynamics simulations of a major respiratory mucin, MUC5B. We detail key forces and degrees of freedom imposed by the extensive O-glycosylation, which imbue the canonically observed bottlebrush-like structures to these otherwise intrinsically disordered protein backbones. We compare our simulation results to static structures observed in recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, as well as other published experimental efforts. Our work presents a generalizable framework for investigating the dynamics and interactions of mucins, which can inform on structural details currently inaccessible to experimental techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.09.588790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breaking Down the Bottlebrush: Atomically-Detailed Structural Dynamics of Mucins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omic QTL mapping in early developmental tissues reveals phenotypic and temporal complexity of regulatory variants underlying GWAS loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most GWAS loci are presumed to affect gene regulation, however, only [~]43% colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). To address this colocalization gap, we identify eQTLs, chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs), and histone acetylation QTLs (haQTLs) using molecular samples from three early developmental (EDev) tissues. Through colocalization, we annotate 586 GWAS loci for 17 traits by QTL complexity, QTL phenotype, and QTL temporal specificity. We show that GWAS loci are highly enriched for colocalization with complex QTL modules that affect multiple elements (genes and/or peaks). We also demonstrate that caQTLs and haQTLs capture regulatory variations not associated with eQTLs and explain [~]49% of the functionally annotated GWAS loci. Additionally, we show that EDev-unique QTLs are strongly depleted for colocalizing with GWAS loci. By conducting one of the largest multi-omic QTL studies to date, we demonstrate that many GWAS loci exhibit phenotypic complexity and therefore, are missed by traditional eQTL analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaureguy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSCORE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panopoulos, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmonte, J. C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omic QTL mapping in early developmental tissues reveals phenotypic and temporal complexity of regulatory variants underlying GWAS loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglia drive diurnal variation in susceptibility to inflammatory blood-brain barrier breakdown 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis but is susceptible to inflammatory dysfunction. Permeability of the BBB to lipophilic molecules shows circadian variation due to rhythmic transporter expression, while basal permeability to polar molecules is non-rhythmic. Whether daily timing influences BBB permeability in response to inflammation is unknown. Here, we induced systemic inflammation through repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections either in the morning (ZT1) or evening (ZT13) under standard lighting conditions, then examined BBB permeability to a polar molecule, sodium fluorescein. We observed clear diurnal variation in inflammatory BBB permeability, with a striking increase in paracellular leak across the BBB specifically following evening LPS injection. Evening LPS led to persisting glia activation and inflammation in the brain that was not observed in the periphery. The exaggerated evening neuroinflammation and BBB disruption were suppressed by microglial depletion or through keeping mice in constant darkness. Our data show that diurnal rhythms in microglial inflammatory responses to LPS drive daily variability in BBB breakdown and reveals time-of-day as a key regulator of inflammatory BBB disruption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadarajah, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musiek, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglia drive diurnal variation in susceptibility to inflammatory blood-brain barrier breakdown]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of lung cancer initiation and progression by the stem cell determinant Musashi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. To understand the molecular programs underlying lung cancer initiation and maintenance, we focused on stem cell programs that are normally extinguished with differentiation but can be reactivated during oncogenesis. Here we have used extensive genetic modeling and patient derived xenografts to identify a dual role for Msi2: as a signal that acts initially to sensitize cells to transformation, and subsequently to drive tumor propagation. Using Msi reporter mice, we found that Msi2-expressing cells were marked by a pro-oncogenic landscape and a preferential ability to respond to Ras and p53 mutations. Consistent with this, genetic deletion of Msi2 in an autochthonous Ras/p53 driven lung cancer model resulted in a marked reduction of tumor burden, delayed progression, and a doubling of median survival. Additionally, this dependency was conserved in human disease as inhibition of Msi2 impaired tumor growth in patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, Msi2 triggered a broad range of pathways critical for tumor growth, including several novel effectors of lung adenocarcinoma. Collectively, these findings reveal a critical role for Msi2 in aggressive lung adenocarcinoma, lend new insight into the biology of this disease, and identify potential new therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barber, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintero, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajbhandari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Husain, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of lung cancer initiation and progression by the stem cell determinant Musashi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Simple ImmunoAssay for Quantification of Blood Anti-NMDAR1 Autoantibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High titers of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies in human brain cause anti-NMDAR1 encephalitis, a rare disease that displays a variety of psychiatric symptoms and neurological symptoms. Currently, immunohistochemical staining and cell-based assays are the standard methods for detection and semi-quantification of the anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies. Low titers of blood circulating anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies have been reported in a significant subset of the general human population. However, detection and quantification of these low titers of blood circulating anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies are problematic because of high non-specific background from less diluted serum/plasma. Development of a new method to quantify these low titers of blood anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies is necessary to understand their potential impacts on psychiatric symptoms and cognition. Based on our previous One-Step assay, we report the development of a novel simple immunoassay to quantify cross-species blood anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies, and its validation with immunohistochemistry and cell-based assays in both humans and mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Simple ImmunoAssay for Quantification of Blood Anti-NMDAR1 Autoantibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell regulatory architecture of human pancreatic islets suggests sex differences in β cell function and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589096v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological sex affects the pathogenesis of type 2 and type 1 diabetes (T2D, T1D) including the development of {beta} cell failure observed more often in males. The mechanisms that drive sex differences in {beta} cell failure is unknown. Studying sex differences in islet regulation and function represent a unique avenue to understand the sex-specific heterogeneity in {beta} cell failure in diabetes. Here, we examined sex and race differences in human pancreatic islets from up to 52 donors with and without T2D (including 37 donors from the Human Pancreas Analysis Program [HPAP] dataset) using an orthogonal series of experiments including single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), single nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq), dynamic hormone secretion, and bioenergetics. In cultured islets from nondiabetic (ND) donors, in the absence of the in vivo hormonal environment, sex differences in islet cell type gene accessibility and expression predominantly involved sex chromosomes. Of particular interest were sex differences in the X-linked KDM6A and Y-linked KDM5D chromatin remodelers in female and male islet cells respectively. Islets from T2D donors exhibited similar sex differences in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from sex chromosomes. However, in contrast to islets from ND donors, islets from T2D donors exhibited major sex differences in DEGs from autosomes. Comparing {beta} cells from T2D and ND donors revealed that females had more DEGs from autosomes compared to male {beta} cells. Gene set enrichment analysis of female {beta} cell DEGs showed a suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain pathways, while male {beta} cell had suppressed insulin secretion pathways. Thus, although sex-specific differences in gene accessibility and expression of cultured ND human islets predominantly affect sex chromosome genes, major differences in autosomal gene expression between sexes appear during the transition to T2D and which highlight mitochondrial failure in female {beta} cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qadir, M. M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgamal, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudtarkar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakamuri, S. S. V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katakam, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Dahr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolls, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauvais-Jarvis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell regulatory architecture of human pancreatic islets suggests sex differences in β cell function and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial chemistry of citrus reveals molecules bactericidal to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with the psyllid-vectored phloem-limited bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), is a disease threat to all citrus production worldwide. Currently, there are no sustainable curative or prophylactic treatments available. In this study, we utilized mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics in combination with 3D molecular mapping to visualize complex chemistries within plant tissues to explore how these chemistries change in vivo in HLB-impacted trees. We demonstrate how spatial information from molecular maps of branches and single leaves yields insight into the biology not accessible otherwise. In particular, we found evidence that flavonoid biosynthesis is disrupted in HLB-impacted trees, and an increase in the polyamine, feruloylputrescine, is highly correlated with an increase in disease severity. Based on mechanistic details revealed by these molecular maps, followed by metabolic modeling, we formulated and tested the hypothesis that CLas infection either directly or indirectly converts the precursor compound, ferulic acid, to feruloylputrescine to suppress the antimicrobial effects of ferulic acid and biosynthetically downstream flavonoids. Using in vitro bioassays, we demonstrated that ferulic acid and bioflavonoids are indeed highly bactericidal to CLas, with the activity on par with a reference antibiotic, oxytetracycline, recently approved for HLB management. We propose these compounds should be evaluated as therapeutics alternatives to the antibiotics for HLB treatment. Overall, the utilized 3D metabolic mapping approach provides a promising methodological framework to identify pathogen-specific inhibitory compounds in planta for potential prophylactic or therapeutic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blacutt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginnan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolshausen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramasamy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandadi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial chemistry of citrus reveals molecules bactericidal to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-resolution Left Ventricular Flow and Pressure Mapping by Navier-Stokes-Informed Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intraventricular vector flow mapping (VFM) is a growingly adopted echocardiographic modality that derives time-resolved two-dimensional flow maps in the left ventricle (LV) from color-Doppler sequences. Current VFM models rely on kinematic constraints arising from planar flow incompressibility. However, these models are not informed by crucial information about flow physics; most notably the pressure and shear forces within the fluid and the resulting accelerations. This limitation has rendered VFM unable to combine information from different time frames in an acquisition sequence or derive fluctuating pressure maps. In this study, we leveraged recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) to develop AI-VFM, a vector flow mapping modality that uses physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) encoding mass conservation and momentum balance inside the LV, and no-slip boundary conditions at the LV endocardium. AI-VFM recovers the flow and pressure fields in the LV from standard echocardiographic scans. It performs phase unwrapping and recovers flow data in areas without input color-Doppler data. AI-VFM also recovers complete flow maps at time points without color-Doppler input data, producing super-resolution flow maps. We show that informing the PINNs with momentum balance is essential to achieving temporal super-resolution and significantly increases the accuracy of AI-VFM compared to informing the PINNs only with mass conservation. AI-VFM is solely informed by each patients flow physics; it does not utilize explicit smoothness constraints or incorporate data from other patients or flow models. AI-VFM takes 15 minutes to run in off-the-shelf graphics processing units and its underlying PINN framework could be extended to map other flow-associated metrics like blood residence time or the concentration of coagulation species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maidu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Legazpi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero-Hurtado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-resolution Left Ventricular Flow and Pressure Mapping by Navier-Stokes-Informed Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.588158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The microtubule regulator EFA-6 forms spatially restricted cortical foci dependent on its intrinsically disordered region and interactions with tubulins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.588158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic components of the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue and cell integrity. Despite recent advances in understanding MT ultrastructure, organization, and growth control, how cells regulate MT organization at the cell cortex remains poorly understood. The EFA-6/EFA6 proteins are recently identified membrane-associated proteins that inhibit cortical MT dynamics. Here, combining visualization of endogenously tagged C. elegans EFA-6 with genetic screening, we uncovered tubulin-dependent regulation of EFA-6 patterning. In the mature epidermal epithelium, EFA-6 forms punctate foci in specific regions of the apical cortex, dependent on its intrinsically disordered region (IDR). We further show the EFA-6 IDR is sufficient to form biomolecular condensates in vitro. In screens for mutants with altered GFP::EFA-6 localization, we identified a novel gain-of-function (gf) mutation in an -tubulin tba-1 that induces ectopic EFA-6 foci in multiple cell types. tba-1(gf) animals exhibit temperature-sensitive embryonic lethality, which is partially suppressed by efa-6(lf), indicating the interaction between tubulins and EFA-6 is important for normal development. TBA-1(gf) shows reduced incorporation into filamentous MTs but has otherwise mild effects on cellular MT organization. The ability of TBA-1(gf) to trigger ectopic EFA-6 foci formation requires {beta}-tubulin TBB-2 and the chaperon EVL-20/Arl2. The tba-1(gf)-induced EFA-6 foci display slower turnover, contain the MT-associated protein TAC-1/TACC, and require the EFA-6 MTED. Our results reveal a novel crosstalk between cellular tubulins and cortical MT regulators in vivo.

HighlightsO_LIThe MT regulator EFA-6 forms spatially restricted punctate cortical foci
C_LIO_LIThe EFA-6 N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) is essential for the formation of cortical foci in vivo and is sufficient for droplet formation in vitro
C_LIO_LITubulins regulate formation of EFA-6 foci via the EFA-6 MT elimination domain
C_LIO_LIEFA-6 foci induced by altered tubulin heterodimer function display reduced turnover and recruit TAC-1/TACC
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sandhu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.14.588158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The microtubule regulator EFA-6 forms spatially restricted cortical foci dependent on its intrinsically disordered region and interactions with tubulins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacteriophage {Phi}21s receptor-binding protein evolves new functions through destabilizing mutations that generate non-genetic phenotypic heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How viruses evolve to expand their host range is a major question with implications for predicting the next pandemic. Gain-of-function experiments have revealed that host-range expansions can occur through relatively few mutations in viral receptor-binding proteins, and the search for molecular mechanisms that explain such expansions are underway. Previous research on expansions of receptor use in bacteriophage {lambda} has shown that mutations that destabilize {lambda}s receptor-binding protein cause the receptor-binding protein to fold into new conformations that can utilize novel receptors but have weakened thermostability. These observations led us to hypothesize that other viruses may take similar paths to expand their host range. Here, we find support for our hypothesis by studying another virus, bacteriophage 21 ({Phi}21), which evolves to use two new host receptors within two weeks of laboratory evolution. By measuring the thermodynamic stability of {Phi}21 and its descendants, we show that, as {Phi}21 evolves to use new receptors and expands its host range, it becomes less stable and produces viral particles that are genetically identical but vary in their thermostabilities. Next, we show that this non-genetic heterogeneity between particles is directly associated with receptor use innovation, as phage particles with more derived receptor use capabilities are more unstable and decay faster. Lastly, by manipulating the expression of protein chaperones during {Phi}21 infection, we demonstrate that heterogeneity in thermostability and receptor use breadth of phage particles is directly related to the folding of phage proteins into different conformers. Altogether, our results provide support for the hypothesis that viruses can evolve new receptor-use tropisms through mutations that destabilize the receptor-binding protein and produce multiple protein conformers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gerbino, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacteriophage {Phi}21s receptor-binding protein evolves new functions through destabilizing mutations that generate non-genetic phenotypic heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Inhibits Long QT 3 Late Sodium Currents in a Mutation Specific Manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) such as empagliflozin have demonstrated substantial cardioprotective effects in patients with or without diabetes. The SGLT2is have been shown to selectively inhibit the late component of cardiac sodium current (late INa). Induction of late INa is also the primary mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of congenital long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) gain-of-function mutations in the SCN5A gene that encodes the major cardiac sodium channel isoform Nav1.5. Therefore, we investigated the effect of empagliflozin on late INa in thirteen known LQT3 mutations located in distinct regions of the channel structure.

MethodsThe whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the effect of empagliflozin (10 {micro}M) on late INa in recombinantly expressed Nav1.5 channels containing different LQT3 mutations. Molecular modeling of human Nav1.5 and simulations in a mathematical model of human ventricular myocytes were used to extrapolate our experimental results to excitation contraction coupling.

ResultsEmpagliflozin selectively inhibited late INa in LQT3 mutations residing in the inactivation gate region of Nav1.5, with no effect on either peak current or channel kinetics. In contrast, empagliflozin caused inhibition of both peak and late INa in mutations in the S4 voltage-sensing regions as well as changes in activation and inactivation kinetics and a slowing of recovery from inactivation. Empagliflozin had no effect on late/peak INa or channel kinetics in channels containing LQT3 mutations located in the putative empagliflozin binding region. Simulation of our experimental findings in a mathematical model of human ventricular myocytes predicts that empagliflozin may have a desirable therapeutic effect in LQT3 mutations located in the inactivation gate region.

ConclusionsOur results show that empagliflozin selectively inhibits late INa, without affecting gating kinetics, in LQT3 mutations residing in the inactivation gate region. Patients with mutations in voltage-sensing regions are less suitable candidates as empagliflozin may prevent action potential firing. The SGLT2is may therefore be a promising novel precision medicine approach for patients with certain LQT3 mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lunsonga, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatehi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barakat, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Light, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Inhibits Long QT 3 Late Sodium Currents in a Mutation Specific Manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of gene dosage on cognitive ability: A function-based association study across brain and non-brain processes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic Copy Number Variants (CNVs) that increase risk for neurodevelopmental disorders are also associated with lower cognitive ability in general population cohorts. Studies have focussed on a small set of recurrent CNVs, but burden analyses suggested that the vast majority of CNVs affecting cognitive ability are too rare to reach variant-level association. As a result, the full range of gene-dosage-sensitive biological processes linked to cognitive ability remains unknown.

To investigate this issue, we identified all CNVs >50 kilobases in 258k individuals from 6 general population cohorts with assessments of general cognitive abilities. We performed a CNV-GWAS and functional burden analyses, which tested 6502 gene-sets defined by tissue and cell-type transcriptomics as well as gene ontology disrupted by all rare coding CNVs.

CNV-GWAS identified a novel duplication at 2q12.3 associated with higher performance in cognitive ability. Among the 864 gene-sets associated with cognitive ability, only 11% showed significant effects for both deletions and duplication. Accordingly, we systematically observed negative correlations between deletion and duplication effect sizes across all levels of biological observations. We quantified the preferential effects of deletions versus duplication using tagDS, a new normalized metric. Cognitive ability was preferentially affected by cortical, presynaptic, and negative-regulation gene-sets when duplicated. In contrast, preferential effects of deletions were observed for subcortical, post-synaptic, and positive-regulation gene-sets. A large proportion of gene-sets assigned to non-brain organs were associated with cognitive ability due to low tissue specificity genes, which were associated with higher sensitive to haploinsufficiency. Overall, most biological functions associated with cognitive ability are divided into those sensitive to either deletion or duplications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huguet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renne, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubuc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engchuan, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanta, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proulx, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Louis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saci, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porteous, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redmond, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labbe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pausova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherer, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almasy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquemont, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of gene dosage on cognitive ability: A function-based association study across brain and non-brain processes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut microbiome is associated with recurrence-free survival in patients with resected Stage IIIB-D or Stage IV melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome (GMB) has been associated with outcomes of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma, but there is limited consensus on the specific taxa involved, particularly across different geographic regions. We analyzed pre-treatment stool samples from 674 melanoma patients participating in a phase-III trial of adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab, across three continents and five regions. Longitudinal analysis revealed that GMB was largely unchanged following treatment, offering promise for lasting GMB-based interventions. In region-specific and cross-region meta-analyses, we identified pre-treatment taxonomic markers associated with recurrence, including Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, Firmicutes, and Clostridium. Recurrence prediction by these markers was best achieved across regions by matching participants on GMB compositional similarity between the intra-regional discovery and external validation sets. AUCs for prediction ranged from 0.83-0.94 (depending on the initial discovery region) for patients closely matched on GMB composition (e.g., JSD [&le;]0.11). This evidence indicates that taxonomic markers for prediction of recurrence are generalizable across regions, for individuals of similar GMB composition.

HighlightsO_LIOverall gut microbiome (GMB) composition is largely unchanged during ICB treatment.
C_LIO_LIGMB composition varies by geographic region
C_LIO_LIWe identified gut bacterial markers associated with recurrence in region-specific analyses.
C_LIO_LIRegion-identified markers are generalizable if GMB composition is taken into account by matching.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Usyk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut microbiome is associated with recurrence-free survival in patients with resected Stage IIIB-D or Stage IV melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Organelle-targeted Laurdans measure heterogeneity in subcellular membranes and their responses to saturated lipid stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell organelles feature characteristic lipid compositions that lead to differences in membrane properties. In living cells, membrane ordering and fluidity are commonly measured using the solvatochromic dye Laurdan, whose fluorescence is sensitive to membrane packing. As a general lipophilic dye, Laurdan stains all hydrophobic environments in cells, so it is challenging to characterize membrane properties in specific organelles or assess their responses to pharmacological treatments in intact cells. Here, we describe the synthesis and application of Laurdan-derived probes that read out membrane packing of individual cellular organelles. The set of Organelle-targeted Laurdans (OTL) localizes to the ER, mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi compartments with high specificity, while retaining the spectral resolution needed to detect biological changes in membrane packing. We show that ratiometric imaging with OTL can resolve membrane heterogeneity within organelles, as well as changes in membrane packing resulting from inhibition of lipid trafficking or bioenergetic processes. We apply these probes to characterize organelle-specific responses to saturated lipid stress. While ER and lysosomal membrane fluidity is sensitive to exogenous saturated fatty acids, that of mitochondrial membranes is protected. We then use differences in ER membrane fluidity to sort populations of cells based on their fatty acid diet, highlighting the ability of organelle-localized solvatochromic probes to distinguish between cells based on their metabolic state. These results expand the repertoire of targeted membrane probes and demonstrate their application to interrogating lipid dysregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Organelle-targeted Laurdans measure heterogeneity in subcellular membranes and their responses to saturated lipid stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear speckle rejuvenation alleviates proteinopathies at the expense of YAP1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current treatments targeting individual protein quality control pathways have limited efficacy in alleviating proteinopathies, highlighting the prerequisite for a common druggable target capable of global proteostasis modulation. Building upon our prior research establishing nuclear speckles as pivotal membrane-less organelles for transcriptional control of proteostasis, we aim to alleviate proteinopathies through nuclear speckle rehabilitation. We identified pyrvinium pamoate as a nuclear speckle rehabilitator that enhances protein quality control gene expression and suppresses YAP1 transcriptional activity via decreasing the surface/interfacial tension of nuclear speckle condensates through interaction with the intrinsically disordered region of nuclear speckle scaffold protein SON. In pre-clinical models, nanomolar pyrvinium pamoate protected against retinal degeneration and tauopathy mainly by promoting autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome activity in a SON-dependent manner without causing stress. Aberrant nuclear speckle morphology, reduced protein quality control and increased YAP1 activity were observed in human tauopathies. Our study provides proof-of-principle of targeting nuclear speckles to ameliorate proteinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dion, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbuckle, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larsen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camarco, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ickes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DuPont, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear speckle rejuvenation alleviates proteinopathies at the expense of YAP1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Droplet Hi-C for Fast and Scalable Profiling of Chromatin Architecture in Single Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of chromatin architecture is crucial for understanding the gene regulatory programs during development and in disease pathogenesis, yet current methods often inadequately address the unique challenges presented by analysis of heterogeneous tissue samples. Here, we introduce Droplet Hi-C, which employs a commercial microfluidic device for high-throughput, single-cell chromatin conformation profiling in droplets. Using Droplet Hi-C, we mapped the chromatin architecture at single-cell resolution from the mouse cortex and analyzed gene regulatory programs in major cortical cell types. Additionally, we used this technique to detect copy number variation (CNV), structural variations (SVs) and extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in cancer cells, revealing clonal dynamics and other oncogenic events during treatment. We further refined this technique to allow for joint profiling of chromatin architecture and transcriptome in single cells, facilitating a more comprehensive exploration of the links between chromatin architecture and gene expression in both normal tissues and tumors. Thus, Droplet Hi-C not only addresses critical gaps in chromatin analysis of heterogeneous tissues but also emerges as a versatile tool enhancing our understanding of gene regulation in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Droplet Hi-C for Fast and Scalable Profiling of Chromatin Architecture in Single Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation of C4BP-binding Sequence Patterns in Streptococcus pyogenes M and Enn Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antigenically sequence variable M proteins of the major bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) are responsible for recruiting human C4b-binding protein (C4BP) to the bacterial surface, which enables Strep A to evade destruction by the immune system. The most sequence divergent portion of M proteins, the hypervariable region (HVR), is responsible for binding C4BP. Structural evidence points to the conservation of two C4BP-binding sequence patterns (M2 and M22) in the HVR of numerous M proteins, with this conservation applicable to vaccine immunogen design. These two patterns, however, only partially explain C4BP-binding by Strep A. Here, we identified several M proteins that lack these patterns but still bind C4BP, and determined the structures of two, M68 and M87 HVRs, in complex with a C4BP fragment. Mutagenesis of these M proteins led to identification of amino acids that are crucial for C4BP-binding, enabling formulation of new C4BP-binding patterns. Mutagenesis was also carried out on M2 and M22 proteins to refine or generate experimentally grounded C4BP-binding patterns. The M22 pattern was the most populated among M proteins, followed by the M87 and M2 patterns, while the M68 pattern was rare. These patterns, except for M68, were also evident in numerous M-like Enn proteins. Binding of C4BP via these patterns to Enn proteins was verified. We conclude that C4BP-binding patterns occur frequently in Strep A strains of differing M types, being present in their M or Enn proteins, or frequently both, providing further impetus for their use as vaccine immunogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kolesinski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGowan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botteaux, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeesters, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation of C4BP-binding Sequence Patterns in Streptococcus pyogenes M and Enn Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590644v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PACS-1 variant protein is aberrantly localized in C. elegans model of PACS1/PACS2 syndromes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590644v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PACS (Phosphofurin Acidic Cluster Sorting Protein) proteins are known for their roles in sorting cargo proteins to organelles and can physically interact with WD40 repeat-containing protein WDR37. PACS1, PACS2, and WDR37 variants are associated with multisystemic syndromes and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability, seizures, developmental delays, craniofacial abnormalities, and autism spectrum disorder. However, the effects of syndromic variants on function in vivo remains unknown. Here, we report the expression pattern of C. elegans orthologs of PACS and WDR37 and their interaction. We show that cePACS-1 and ceWDR-37 co-localize to somatic cytoplasm of many types of cells, and are mutually required for expression, supporting a conclusion that the intermolecular dependence of PACS1/PACS2/PACS-1 and WDR37/WDR-37 is evolutionarily conserved. We further show that editing in PACS1 and PACS2 variants in cePACS-1 changes protein localization in multiple cell types, including neurons. Moreover, expression of human PACS1 can functionally complement C. elegans PACS-1 in neurons, demonstrating conserved functions of the PACS-WDR37 axis in an invertebrate model system. Our findings reveal effects of human variants and suggest potential strategies to identify regulatory network components that may contribute to understanding molecular underpinnings of PACS/WDR37 syndromes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Byrd, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piggott, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590644</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PACS-1 variant protein is aberrantly localized in C. elegans model of PACS1/PACS2 syndromes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two modes in the velocity statistics in cautious walks of laboratory rodents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have analyzed a large number of rodent tracks in open-field tests, in order to elucidate the statistics of their velocities. We found that the probability distribution of the absolute velocity of rodents can be approximated by a superposition of two Rayleigh distributions, with distinct characteristic velocities v1 and v2 with v1 < v2; this is in contrast to the single Rayleigh distribution for the velocity of a Brownian particle executing 2D random motion. We propose that the part of the distribution near the larger velocity, v2, characterizes rodents progressions in space, while the part near v1 describes other types of motion, such as lingering and body micromovements. We observed that the animals switched randomly between these two modes. While both velocities, v1 and v2, increase with age, their ratio, v2/v1, also grows with age, implying an increased efficacy of switches between the two modes in older animals. Since the existence of the modes is observed both in preweaned, blind pups and in older animals, it cannot be ascribed to foraging, but instead reflects risk assessment and proactive inhibition. We called such motion "cautious walks". Statistical analysis of the data further revealed a biphasic decline in the velocity auto-correlation function, with two characteristic times,{tau} s < {tau}l, where{tau} s characterizes the width of velocity peaks, and{tau} l is associated with the timing of the switches between progression and lingering. To describe the motion, we propose a stochastic model, which assumes the existence of two interfering processes: impulses to move that arrive at random times, and continuous deceleration. Its 2D Langevin-like equation has a damping coefficient that switches between two values, representing mode switching in rodents. Techniques developed here may be applicable for locomotion studies in a wide variety of contexts, as long as tracking data of sufficient resolution are available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Midzyanovskaya, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idzhilova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strelkov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chichigina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two modes in the velocity statistics in cautious walks of laboratory rodents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic architecture of a memory engram in the mouse hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory engrams are formed through experience-dependent remodeling of neural circuits, but their detailed architectures have remained unresolved. Using 3D electron microscopy, we performed nanoscale reconstructions of the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway following chemogenetic labeling of cellular ensembles with a remote history of correlated excitation during associative learning. Projection neurons involved in memory acquisition expanded their connectomes via multi-synaptic boutons without altering the numbers and spatial arrangements of individual axonal terminals and dendritic spines. This expansion was driven by presynaptic activity elicited by specific negative valence stimuli, regardless of the co-activation state of postsynaptic partners. The rewiring of initial ensembles representing an engram coincided with local, input-specific changes in the shapes and organelle composition of glutamatergic synapses, reflecting their weights and potential for further modifications. Our findings challenge the view that the connectivity among neuronal substrates of memory traces is governed by Hebbian mechanisms, and offer a structural basis for representational drifts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uytiepo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maximov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic architecture of a memory engram in the mouse hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The attenuation of activity-based anorexia by obese adipose tissue transplant is AgRP neuron-dependent. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder observed primarily in girls and women, and is characterized by a low body mass index, hypophagia, and hyperactivity. The activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm models aspects of AN, and refers to the progressive weight loss, hypophagia, and hyperactivity developed by rodents exposed to time-restricted feeding and running wheel access. Recent studies identified white adipose tissue (WAT) as a primary location of the  metabolic memory of prior obesity, and implicated WAT-derived signals as drivers of recidivism to obesity following weight loss. Here, we tested whether an obese WAT transplant could attenuate ABA-induced weight loss in normal female mice. Recipient mice received a WAT transplant harvested from normal chow-fed, or HFD-fed obese mice; obese fat recipient (OFR) and control fat recipient (CFR) mice were then tested for ABA. During ABA, OFR mice survived longer than CFR mice, defined as maintaining 75% of their initial body weight. Next, we tested whether agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which regulate feeding behavior and metabolic sensing, mediate this effect of obese WAT transplant. CFR and OFR mice received either control or neonatal AgRP ablation, and were assessed for ABA. OFR intact mice maintained higher body weights longer than CFR intact mice, and this effect was abolished by neonatal AgRP ablation; further, ablation reduced survival in OFR, but not CFR mice. In summary, obese WAT transplant communicates with AgRP neurons to increase body weight maintenance during ABA. These findings encourage the examination of obese WAT-derived factors as potential treatments for AN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulivieri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libster, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurray, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulawa, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The attenuation of activity-based anorexia by obese adipose tissue transplant is AgRP neuron-dependent.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishing comprehensive quaternary structural proteomes from genome sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.590993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A critical body of knowledge has developed through advances in protein microscopy, protein-fold modeling, structural biology software, availability of sequenced bacterial genomes, large-scale mutation databases, and genome-scale models. Based on these recent advances, we develop a computational framework that; i) identifies the oligomeric structural proteome encoded by an organisms genome from available structural resources; ii) maps multi-strain alleleomic variation, resulting in the structural proteome for a species; and iii) calculates the 3D orientation of proteins across subcellular compartments with residue-level precision. Using the platform, we; iv) compute the quaternary E. coli K-12 MG1655 structural proteome; v) use a dataset of 12,000 mutations to build Random Forest classifiers that can predict the severity of mutations; and, in combination with a genome-scale model that computes proteome allocation, vi) obtain the spatial allocation of the E. coli proteome. Thus, in conjunction with relevant datasets and increasingly accurate computational models, we can now annotate quaternary structural proteomes, at genome-scale, to obtain a molecular-level understanding of whole-cell functions.

SignificanceAdvancements in experimental and computational methods have revealed the shapes of multi-subunit proteins. The absence of a unified platform that maps actionable datatypes onto these increasingly accurate structures creates a barrier to structural analyses, especially at the genome-scale. Here, we describe QSPACE, a computational annotation platform that evaluates existing resources to identify the best-available structure for each protein in a users query, maps the 3D location of actionable datatypes (e.g., active sites, published mutations) onto the selected structures, and uses third-party APIs to determine the subcellular compartment of all amino acids of a protein. As proof-of-concept, we deployed QSPACE to generate the quaternary structural proteome of E. coli MG1655 and demonstrate two use-cases involving large-scale mutant analysis and genome-scale modelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Catoiu, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.590993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishing comprehensive quaternary structural proteomes from genome sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane curvature catalyzes actin nucleation through nano-scale condensation of N-WASP-FBP17 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin remodeling is spatiotemporally regulated by surface topographical cues on the membrane for signaling across diverse biological processes. Yet, the mechanism dynamic membrane curvature prompts quick actin cytoskeletal changes in signaling remain elusive. Leveraging the precision of nanolithography to control membrane curvature, we reconstructed catalytic reactions from the detection of nano-scale curvature by sensing molecules to the initiation of actin polymerization, which is challenging to study quantitatively in living cells. We show that this process occurs via topographical signal-triggered condensation and activation of the actin nucleation-promoting factor (NPF), Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP), which is orchestrated by curvature-sensing BAR-domain protein FBP17. Such N-WASP activation is fine-tuned by optimizing FBP17 to N-WASP stoichiometry over different curvature radii, allowing a curvature-guided macromolecular assembly pattern for polymerizing actin network locally. Our findings shed light on the intricate relationship between changes in curvature and actin remodeling via spatiotemporal regulation of NPF/BAR complex condensation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ZHU, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>RANGAMANI, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHAO, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MIAO, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane curvature catalyzes actin nucleation through nano-scale condensation of N-WASP-FBP17]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of Allosteric Small Molecule APOBEC3B Inhibitors from In Silico Screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
APOBEC3B cytosine deaminase contributes to the mutational burdens of tumors, resulting in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Small molecule APOBEC3B inhibitors have potential to slow or mitigate these detrimental outcomes. Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and computational solvent mapping analysis, we identified a novel putative allosteric pocket on the C-terminal domain of APOBEC3B (A3Bctd), and virtually screened the ChemBridge Diversity Set (N[~]110,000) against both the active and potential allosteric sites. Selected high-scoring compounds were subsequently purchased, characterized for purity and composition, and tested in biochemical assays, which yielded 13 hit compounds. Orthogonal NMR assays verified binding to the target protein. Initial selectivity studies suggest these compounds preferentially target A3Bctd over related deaminase APOBEC3A (A3A), and MD simulations indicate this selectivity may be due to the steric repulsion from H56 that is unique to A3A. Taken together, our studies represent the first virtual screening effort against A3Bctd that has yielded candidate inhibitors suitable for further development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyllie, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillo, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirakis, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kardile, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harki, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of Allosteric Small Molecule APOBEC3B Inhibitors from In Silico Screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.587073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
State of the Interactomes: an evaluation of molecular networks for generating biological insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.587073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancements in genomic and proteomic technologies have powered the use of gene and protein networks ("interactomes") for understanding genotype-phenotype translation. However, the proliferation of interactomes complicates the selection of networks for specific applications. Here, we present a comprehensive evaluation of 46 current human interactomes, encompassing protein-protein interactions as well as gene regulatory, signaling, colocalization, and genetic interaction networks. Our analysis shows that large composite networks such as HumanNet, STRING, and FunCoup are most effective for identifying disease genes, while smaller networks such as DIP and SIGNOR demonstrate strong interaction prediction performance. These findings provide a benchmark for interactomes across diverse network biology applications and clarify factors that influence network performance. Furthermore, our evaluation pipeline paves the way for continued assessment of emerging and updated interaction networks in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wright, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillich, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.587073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[State of the Interactomes: an evaluation of molecular networks for generating biological insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mimicking opioid analgesia in cortical pain circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The anterior cingulate cortex is a key brain region involved in the affective and motivational dimensions of pain, yet how opioid analgesics modulate this cortical circuit remains unclear. Uncovering how opioids alter nociceptive neural dynamics to produce pain relief is essential for developing safer and more targeted treatments for chronic pain. Here we show that a population of cingulate neurons encodes spontaneous pain-related behaviors and is selectively modulated by morphine. Using deep-learning behavioral analyses combined with longitudinal neural recordings in mice, we identified a persistent shift in cortical activity patterns following nerve injury that reflects the emergence of an unpleasant, affective chronic pain state. Morphine reversed these neuropathic neural dynamics and reduced affective-motivational behaviors without altering sensory detection or reflexive responses, mirroring how opioids alleviate pain unpleasantness in humans. Leveraging these findings, we built a biologically inspired gene therapy that targets opioid-sensitive neurons in the cingulate using a synthetic mu-opioid receptor promoter to drive chemogenetic inhibition. This opioid-mimetic gene therapy recapitulated the analgesic effects of morphine during chronic neuropathic pain, thereby offering a new strategy for precision pain management targeting a key nociceptive cortical opioid circuit with safe, on-demand analgesia.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>James, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCall, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oswell, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salimando, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmood, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wooldridge, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wachira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval Ortega, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojick, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beattie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farinas, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chehimi, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejoh, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimmey, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azouz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banghart, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creasy, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beier, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crist, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiner, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deisseroth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yttri, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corder, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mimicking opioid analgesia in cortical pain circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RBC-GEM: a Knowledge Base for Systems Biology of Human Red Blood Cell Metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancements with cost-effective, high-throughput omics technologies have had a transformative effect on both fundamental and translational research in the medical sciences. These advancements have facilitated a departure from the traditional view of human red blood cells (RBCs) as mere carriers of hemoglobin, devoid of significant biological complexity. Over the past decade, proteomic analyses have identified a growing number of different proteins present within RBCs, enabling systems biology analysis of their physiological functions. Here, we introduce RBC-GEM, the most extensive and meticulously curated metabolic reconstruction of a specific human cell type to-date. It was developed through meta-analysis of proteomic data from 28 studies published over the past two decades resulting in a RBC proteome composed of more than 4,600 distinct proteins. Through workflow-guided manual curation, we have compiled the metabolic reactions carried out by this proteome. RBC-GEM is hosted on a version-controlled GitHub repository, ensuring adherence to the standardized protocols for metabolic reconstruction quality control and data stewardship principles. This reconstruction of the RBC metabolic network is a knowledge base consisting of 718 genes encoding proteins acting on 1,590 unique metabolites through 2,554 biochemical reactions: a 700% size expansion over its predecessor. This reconstruction as an up-to-date curated knowledge base can be used for contextualization of data and for the construction of a computational whole-cell model of a human RBC.

Author SummaryHuman red blood cells (RBCs) have been studied for decades because of their unique physiology, essential oxygen delivery functions, and general accessibility. RBCs are the simplest yet most numerous of human cell types due to the loss of cellular organelles during their development process. This process has evolved to maximize hemoglobin content per cell to facilitate RBCs main function in gas transport. RBCs are integral to a variety of medical applications, such as blood storage for transfusion. Recent advancements in high-throughput data collection have greatly expanded our understanding of RBC metabolism, highlighting important roles and functions for RBCs in maintaining homeostasis in the organism in addition to oxygen transport. Here we provide a knowledge base for the human RBC as a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction. Our results highlight the complexity of RBC metabolism, supported by recent advancements in high-throughput data collection methods for detecting low-abundance proteins in RBCs. We make knowledge about the RBC findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR). As RBC research is likely to see many translational medical advancements, a knowledge base for the contextualization of RBC data will serve as an essential resource for further research and medical application development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Alessandro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RBC-GEM: a Knowledge Base for Systems Biology of Human Red Blood Cell Metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loop Catalog: a comprehensive HiChIP database of human and mouse samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HiChIP enables cost-effective and high-resolution profiling of chromatin loops. To leverage the increasing number of HiChIP datasets, we developed Loop Catalog (https://loopcatalog.lji.org), a web-based database featuring loop calls from 1000+ distinct human and mouse HiChIP samples from 152 studies plus 44 high-resolution Hi-C samples. We demonstrate its utility for interpreting GWAS and eQTL variants through SNP-to-gene linking, identifying enriched sequence motifs and motif pairs, and generating regulatory networks and 2D representations of chromatin structure. Our catalog spans over 4.19M unique loops, and with embedded analysis modules, constitutes an important resource for the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reyna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fetter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignacio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Marandi, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueroa, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharyya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loop Catalog: a comprehensive HiChIP database of human and mouse samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct and indirect regulation of β- glucocerebrosidase by the transcription factors USF2 and ONECUT2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the GBA gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme {beta}-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the most prevalent genetic susceptibility factor for Parkinsons disease (PD). However, only approximately 20% of carriers develop the disease, suggesting the presence of genetic modifiers influencing the risk of developing PD in the presence of GBA mutations. Here we screened 1,634 human transcription factors (TFs) for their effect on GCase activity in cell lysates of the human glioblastoma line LN-229, into which we introduced the pathogenic GBA L444P variant via adenine base editing. Using a novel arrayed CRISPR activation library, we uncovered 11 TFs as regulators of GCase activity. Among these, activation of MITF and TFEC increased lysosomal GCase activity in live cells, while activation of ONECUT2 and USF2 decreased it. Conversely, ablating USF2 increased GBA mRNA and led to enhanced levels of GCase protein and activity. While MITF, TFEC, and USF2 affected GBA transcription, ONECUT2 was found to control GCase trafficking by modulating the guanine exchange factors PLEKHG4 and PLEKHG4B. Hence, our study provides a systematic approach to identifying modulators of GCase activity, expands the transcriptional landscape of GBA regulation, and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms involved in influencing GCase activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aguzzi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vocadlo, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ging, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilormini, P.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeck, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serdiuk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trevisan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellitto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhingra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heutink, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.28.591482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct and indirect regulation of β- glucocerebrosidase by the transcription factors USF2 and ONECUT2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.29.591306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of calcium signaling on demand to decipher the molecular mechanisms of primary aldosteronism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.29.591306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. Major advances have been made in our understanding of PA with the identification of germline and somatic mutations in ion pumps and channels. These mutations lead to the activation of calcium signalling, the major trigger of aldosterone biosynthesis.

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of PA, we established an adrenocortical cell model in which we can modulate sodium entry into the cells "on demand" leading to calcium signalling activation. These cells recapitulated the major features of KCNJ5 mutations, the most frequent genetic alteration identified in Aldosterone-Producing-Adenoma. Activation of calcium signalling was associated with increased aldosterone biosynthesis and decreased cell proliferation. RNA sequencing and steroidome analyses revealed unique profiles associated with Na+ entry. Altogether, this work offers valuable insights into the role of sodium-induced calcium signalling in PA development and paves the way for developing new therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fedlaoui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosentino, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Sayed, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giscos-Douriez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faedda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fayad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulot, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magnus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travers-Allard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes-Rosa, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zennaro, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulkroun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.29.591306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of calcium signaling on demand to decipher the molecular mechanisms of primary aldosteronism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.29.591779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic mechanisms for membrane skeleton transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.29.591779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The plasma membrane and the underlying skeleton form a protective barrier for eukaryotic cells. The molecules forming this complex composite material constantly rearrange under mechanical stress to confer this protective capacity. One of those molecules, spectrin, is ubiquitous in the membrane skeleton and primarily located proximal to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and engages in protein-lipid interactions via a set of membrane-anchoring domains. Spectrin is linked by short actin filaments and its conformation varies in different types of cells. In this work, we developed a generalized network model for the membrane skeleton integrated with myosin contractility and membrane mechanics to investigate the response of the spectrin meshwork to mechanical loading. We observed that the force generated by membrane bending is important to maintain a smooth skeletal structure. This suggests that the membrane is not just supported by the skeleton, but has an active contribution to the stability of the cell structure. We found that spectrin and myosin turnover are necessary for the transition between stress and rest states in the skeleton. Our model reveals that the actin-spectrin meshwork dynamics are balanced by the membrane forces with area constraint and volume restriction promoting the stability of the membrane skeleton. Furthermore, we showed that cell attachment to the substrate promotes shape stabilization. Thus, our proposed model gives insight into the shared mechanisms of the membrane skeleton associated with myosin and membrane that can be tested in different types of cells.

Significance StatementSpectrin was first observed in red blood cells, as a result of which, many theoretical models focused on understanding its function in this cell type. However, recently, experiments have shown that spectrin is an important skeletal component for many different cell types and that it can form different configurations with actin. In this work, we proposed a model to study the shared mechanisms behind the function of the actin-spectrin meshwork in different types of cells. We found that membrane dynamics in addition to spectrin and myosin turnover are necessary to achieve conformational changes when stresses are applied and to guarantee shape stability when the stresses are removed. We observed that membrane bending is important to support skeletal structure. Furthermore, our model gives insight into how cell shape is maintained despite constant spectrin turnover and myosin contraction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghisleni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.29.591779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic mechanisms for membrane skeleton transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feeling Senseless Sensations: A Crossmodal study of mismatching tactile and virtual visual experience 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To create highly immersive experiences in virtual reality (VR) it is important to not only include the visual sense but also to involve multimodal sensory input. To achieve optimal results, the temporal and spatial synchronization of these multimodal inputs is critical. It is therefore necessary to find methods to objectively evaluate the synchronization of VR experiences with a continuous tracking of the user. In this study a passive touch experience was incorporated in a visual-tactile VR setup using VR glasses and tactile sensations in mid-air. Inconsistencies of multimodal perception were intentionally integrated into a discrimination task. The participants electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded to obtain neural correlates of visual-tactile mismatch situations. The results showed significant differences in the event-related potentials (ERP) between match and mismatch situations. A biphasic ERP configuration consisting of a positivity at 120 ms and a later negativity at 370 ms was observed following a visual-tactile mismatch. This late negativity could be related to the N400 that is associated with semantic incongruency. These results provide a promising approach towards the objective evaluation of visual-tactile synchronization in virtual experiences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lehser, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillyard, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strauss, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.30.591838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feeling Senseless Sensations: A Crossmodal study of mismatching tactile and virtual visual experience]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.591800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interferon-Inducible Guanylate-Binding Protein 5 Inhibits Replication of Multiple Viruses by Binding to the Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex and Inhibiting Glycoprotein Maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.591800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral infection induces production of type I interferons and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that play key roles in inhibiting viral infection. Here, we show that the ISG guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5) inhibits N-linked glycosylation of key proteins in multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. GBP5 binds to accessory subunits of the host oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex and blocks its interaction with the spike protein, which results in misfolding and retention of spike protein in the endoplasmic reticulum likely due to decreased N-glycan transfer, and reduces the assembly and release of infectious virions. Consistent with these observations, pharmacological inhibition of the OST complex with NGI-1 potently inhibits glycosylation of other viral proteins, including MERS-CoV spike protein, HIV-1 gp160, and IAV hemagglutinin, and prevents the production of infectious virions. Our results identify a novel strategy by which ISGs restrict virus infection and provide a rationale for targeting glycosylation as a broad antiviral therapeutic strategy.

HighlightsO_LIThe interferon-stimulated gene GBP5 is induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo.
C_LIO_LIER-localized GBP5 restricts N-linked glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, leading to protein misfolding and preventing transport to the Golgi apparatus.
C_LIO_LIGBP5 binds to OST complex accessory proteins and potentially blocks access of the catalytic subunit to the spike protein.
C_LIO_LIGBP5 inhibits N-glycosylation of key proteins in multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2
C_LIO_LIPharmacological inhibition of OST blocks host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, HIV-1, and IAV.
C_LI

SignificanceViral infection induces production of type I interferons and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that play key roles in inhibiting viral infection. We found that the interferon-stimulated gene GBP5 is induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo. GBP5 inhibits N-glycosylation of key proteins in multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) Complex blocks host cell infection by SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern, HIV-1, and IAV, indicating future translational application of our findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bray, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.591800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interferon-Inducible Guanylate-Binding Protein 5 Inhibits Replication of Multiple Viruses by Binding to the Oligosaccharyltransferase Complex and Inhibiting Glycoprotein Maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uterus and cervix anatomical changes and cervix stiffness evolution throughout pregnancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The coordinated biomechanical performance, such as uterine stretch and cervical barrier function, within maternal reproductive tissues facilitates healthy human pregnancy and birth. Quantifying normal biomechanical function and detecting potentially detrimental biomechanical dysfunction (e.g., cervical insufficiency, uterine overdistention, premature rupture of membranes) is difficult, largely due to minimal data on the shape and size of maternal anatomy and material properties of tissue across gestation. This study quantitates key structural features of human pregnancy to fill this knowledge gap and facilitate three-dimensional modeling for biomechanical pregnancy simulations to deeply explore pregnancy and childbirth. These measurements include the longitudinal assessment of uterine and cervical dimensions, fetal weight, and cervical stiffness in 47 low-risk pregnancies at four time points during gestation (late first, middle second, late second, and middle third trimesters). The uterine and cervical size were measured via 2-dimensional ultrasound, and cervical stiffness was measured via cervical aspiration. Trends in uterine and cervical measurements were assessed as time-course slopes across pregnancy and between gestational time points, accounting for specific participants. Patient-specific computational solid models of the uterus and cervix, generated from the ultrasonic measurements, were used to estimate deformed uterocervical volume. Results show that for this low-risk cohort, the uterus grows fastest in the inferior-superior direction from the late first to middle second trimester and fastest in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction between the middle and late second trimester. Contemporaneously, the cervix softens and shortens. It softens fastest from the late first to the middle second trimester and shortens fastest between the late second and middle third trimester. Alongside the fetal weight estimated from ultrasonic measurements, this work presents holistic maternal and fetal patient-specific biomechanical measurements across gestation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Louwagie, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hairston, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nottman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nhan-Chang, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyamfi-Bannerman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booker, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrikopoulou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zork, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wapner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mourad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltovich, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>House, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.592023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uterus and cervix anatomical changes and cervix stiffness evolution throughout pregnancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tuning ice thickness using the chameleon for high-quality cryoEM data collection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) now allow for routine structure determination of well-behaved biological specimens to high-resolution. Despite advances in the electron microscope, direct electron detectors, and data processing software, the preparation of high-quality grids with thin layers of vitreous ice containing the specimen of interest in random orientations remains a critical bottleneck for many projects. Although numerous efforts have been dedicated to overcoming hurdles frequently encountered during specimen vitrification using traditional blot-and-plunge specimen preparation techniques, the development of blot-free grid preparation devices provide a unique opportunity to carefully tune ice thickness, particle density, and specimen behavior during the vitrification process for improvements in image quality. Here, we describe critical steps of high-quality grid preparation using a SPT Labtech chameleon, evaluation of grid quality/ice thickness using the chameleon software, high-throughput imaging in the electron microscope, and recommend steps for troubleshooting grid preparation when standard parameters fail to yield suitable specimen.

Video LinkContents of this manuscript are available as a video tutorial. This video can be found here
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McGuire, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narehood, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.592094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tuning ice thickness using the chameleon for high-quality cryoEM data collection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human striatal progenitor cells that contain inducible safeguards and overexpress BDNF rescue Huntington's disease phenotypes in R6/2 mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatal atrophy. Reduced trophic support due to decreased striatal levels of neurotrophins (NTs), mainly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), contributes importantly to HD pathogenesis; restoring NTs has significant therapeutic potential. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) offer a scalable platform for NT delivery but has potential safety risks including teratoma formation. We engineered hPSCs to constitutively produce BDNF and contain inducible safeguards to eliminate these cells if safety concerns arise. This study examined the efficacy of intrastriatally transplanted striatal progenitor cells (STRpcs) derived from these hPSCs against HD phenotypes in R6/2 mice. Engrafted STRpcs overexpressing BDNF alleviated motor and cognitive deficits and reduced mutant huntingtin aggregates. Activating the inducible safety switch with rapamycin safely eliminated the engrafted cells. These results demonstrate that BDNF delivery via a novel hPSC-based platform incorporating safety switches could be a safe and effective HD therapeutic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simmons, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauto Camelo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, T. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simanauskaite, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchida, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porteus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longo, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.592095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human striatal progenitor cells that contain inducible safeguards and overexpress BDNF rescue Huntington's disease phenotypes in R6/2 mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular imaging of lipids and sugars using genetically encoded proximity sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lipid composition of cells varies widely across organelles and between individual membrane leaflets. Transport proteins are thought to generate this heterogeneity, but measuring their functions in vivo has been hampered by limited tools for imaging lipids at relevant spatial resolutions. Here we present fluorogen-activating coincidence encounter sensing (FACES), a chemogenetic tool capable of quantitatively imaging subcellular lipid pools and reporting their transbilayer orientation in living cells. FACES combines bioorthogonal chemistry with genetically encoded fluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs) for reversible proximity sensing of conjugated molecules. We first apply this approach to identify roles for lipid transfer proteins that traffic phosphatidylcholine pools between the ER and mitochondria. We then show that transmembrane domain-containing FAPs can reveal the membrane asymmetry of multiple lipid classes in the trans-Golgi network and be used to investigate the mechanisms that generate it. Lastly, we demonstrate FACES can be applied to measure other molecule classes, like sugars.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moore, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brea, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knittel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrightsman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ancajas, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Best, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.592120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular imaging of lipids and sugars using genetically encoded proximity sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.591889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The global fish and invertebrate abundance value of mangroves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.591889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mangroves are a critical coastal habitat that provides a suite of ecosystem services and supports livelihoods. We undertake the first global analysis to estimate density and abundance of 37 commercially important fish and invertebrates that are known to extensively use mangroves. Geomorphic mangrove type, sea surface salinity and temperature, and length of mangrove forest edge were important in predicting the density of commercial fish and invertebrates, with deltaic systems supporting the highest densities. The model predicted high densities throughout parts of southeast Asia, the northern coast of South America, the Red Sea, and the Caribbean and Central America. Application of our model onto the global mangrove extent, estimates that mangroves support the annual abundance of nearly 800 billion young-of-year fish and invertebrates contained in our model. Our results confirm the critical role of mangroves globally in supporting fish and fisheries, and further builds the case for their conservation and restoration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>zu Ermgassen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Worthington, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gair, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnett, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longley-Wood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagelkerken, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrantes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aburto-Oropeza, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, A. R. d. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beitl, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benzeev, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brookes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellanos-Galindo, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching Chong, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunha-Lignon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahdouh-Guebas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diele, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwyer, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friess, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoq, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huijbers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krumme, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuguru, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lugendo, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meynecke, J.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nzaka Munga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olds, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parret</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.02.591889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The global fish and invertebrate abundance value of mangroves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viral overexpression of human alpha-synuclein in mouse substantia nigra dopamine neurons results in hyperdopaminergia but no neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss of select neuronal populations such as midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons is a pathological hallmark of Parkinsons disease (PD). The small neuronal protein -synuclein has been related both genetically and neuropathologically to PD, yet how it contributes to selective vulnerability remains elusive. Here, we describe the generation of a novel adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) for Cre-dependent overexpression of wild-type human -synuclein. Our strategy allows us to restrict -synuclein to select neuronal populations and hence investigate the cell-autonomous effects of elevated -synuclein in genetically-defined cell types. Since DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are particularly vulnerable in PD, we investigated in more detail the effects of increased -synuclein in these cells. AAV-mediated overexpression of wildtype human -synuclein in SNc DA neurons increased the levels of -synuclein within these cells and augmented phosphorylation of -synuclein at serine-129, which is considered a pathological feature of PD and other synucleinopathies. However, despite abundant -synuclein overexpression and hyperphosphorylation we did not observe any DA neurodegeneration up to 90 days post virus infusion. In contrast, we noticed that overexpression of -synuclein resulted in increased locomotor activity and elevated striatal DA levels suggesting that -synuclein enhanced dopaminergic activity. We therefore conclude that cell-autonomous effects of elevated -synuclein are not sufficient to trigger acute DA neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pifl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.03.592188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viral overexpression of human alpha-synuclein in mouse substantia nigra dopamine neurons results in hyperdopaminergia but no neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IFN-γ activates an immune-like regulatory network in the cardiac vascular endothelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regulatory mechanisms underlying the response to pro-inflammatory cytokines in cardiac diseases are poorly understood. Here, we use iPSC-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) to model the response to interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}) in human cardiac tissue. We generate RNA-seq and ATAC-seq for four CVPCs that were treated with IFN{gamma} and compare them with paired untreated controls. Transcriptional differences after treatment show that IFN{gamma} initiates an innate immune cell-like response, shifts the CVPC transcriptome towards coronary artery and aorta profiles, and stimulates expression of endothelial cell-specific genes. Analysis of the accessible chromatin shows that IFN{gamma} is a potent chromatin remodeler and establishes an IRF-STAT immune-cell like regulatory network. Finally, we show that 11 GWAS risk variants for 8 common cardiac diseases overlap IFN{gamma}-upregulated ATAC-seq peaks. Our findings reveal insights into IFN{gamma}-induced activation of an immune-like regulatory network in the cardiac vascular endothelium and the potential role that regulatory elements in this pathway play in common cardiac diseases.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=103 SRC="FIGDIR/small/592380v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (43K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e66966org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@111da44org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@110a8f5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c4997b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Paired RNA-seq and ATAC-seq was generated for induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) treated with interferon-gamma (IFN{gamma}) and matched controls to model the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine on human cardiac tissue. Using the RNA-seq, transcriptomic changes were characterized by performing differential gene expression analysis, integrating gene expression data from hundreds of samples of adult cardiac tissues, and using single cell RNA-seq to evaluate cell type-specificity. Using the ATAC-seq, epigenomic changes were characterized by performing differential chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding analyses, and annotating ATAC-seq peaks with chromatin states from over 800 tissues. Genetic variants in risk loci associated with cardiac diseases were intersected with ATAC-seq peaks to evaluate whether they were in chromatin that is only accessible after IFN{gamma} treatment. The findings demonstrate the utility of using CVPCs to model the effects of cytokines on cardiac tissues and provide the framework for conducting large scale studies to further evaluate GWAS loci that are explained by context-specific regulatory variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arthur, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshua, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSCORE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.03.592380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IFN-γ activates an immune-like regulatory network in the cardiac vascular endothelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome profiling identifies a link between the mitochondrial pathways and host-microbial sensor ELMO1 following Salmonella infection. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The host EnguLfment and cell MOtility protein 1 (ELMO1) is a cytosolic microbial sensor that facilitates bacterial sensing, internalization, clearance, and inflammatory responses. We have shown previously that ELMO1 binds bacterial effector proteins, including pathogenic effectors from Salmonella and controls host innate immune signaling. To understand the ELMO1-regulated host pathways, we have performed liquid chromatography Multinotch MS3-Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) multiplexed proteomics to determine the global quantification of proteins regulated by ELMO1 in macrophages during Salmonella infection. Comparative proteome analysis of control and ELMO1-depleted murine J774 macrophages after Salmonella infection quantified more than 7000 proteins with a notable enrichment in mitochondrial-related proteins. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed 19 upregulated and 11 downregulated proteins exclusive to ELMO1-depleted cells during infection, belonging to mitochondrial functions, metabolism, vesicle transport, and the immune system. By assessing the cellular energetics via Seahorse analysis, we found that Salmonella infection alters mitochondrial metabolism, shifting it from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Importantly, these metabolic changes are significantly influenced by the depletion of ELMO1. Furthermore, ELMO1 depletion resulted in a decreased ATP rate index following Salmonella infection, indicating its importance in counteracting the effects of Salmonella on immunometabolism. Among the proteins involved in mitochondrial pathways, mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 was significantly upregulated in ELMO1-depleted cells and in ELMO1-KO mice intestine following Salmonella infection. Pharmacological Inhibition of DRP1 revealed the link of the ELMO1-DRP1 pathway in regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF- following infection. The role of ELMO1 has been further characterized by a proteome profile of ELMO1-depleted macrophage infected with SifA mutant and showed the involvement of ELMO1-SifA on mitochondrial function, metabolism and host immune/defense responses. Collectively, these findings unveil a novel role for ELMO1 in modulating mitochondrial functions, potentially pivotal in modulating inflammatory responses.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=149 SRC="FIGDIR/small/592405v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (43K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@72862org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ec4a5borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5b805org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17466d7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Significance StatementHost microbial sensing is critical in infection and inflammation. Among these sensors, ELMO1 has emerged as a key regulator, finely tuning innate immune signaling and discriminating between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria through interactions with microbial effectors like SifA of Salmonella. In this study, we employed Multinotch MS3-Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) multiplexed proteomics to determine the proteome alterations mediated by ELMO1 in macrophages following WT and SifA mutant Salmonella infection. Our findings highlight a substantial enrichment of host proteins associated with metabolic pathways and mitochondrial functions. Notably, we validated the mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 that is upregulated in ELMO1-depleted macrophages and in ELMO1 knockout mice intestine after infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Salmonella-induced changes in cellular energetics are influenced by the presence of ELMO1. This work shed light on a possible novel link between mitochondrial dynamics and microbial sensing in modulating immune responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Achi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrosso, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tocci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibeawuchi, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.03.592405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome profiling identifies a link between the mitochondrial pathways and host-microbial sensor ELMO1 following Salmonella infection.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Liquid-like condensates that bind actin can polymerize and bundle actin filaments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liquid-like protein condensates perform diverse physiological functions. Previous work showed that VASP, a processive actin polymerase, forms condensates that polymerize and bundle actin. To minimize their curvature, filaments accumulated at the inner condensate surface, ultimately deforming the condensate into a rod-like shape, filled with a bundle of parallel filaments. Here we show that this behavior does not require proteins with specific polymerase activity. Specifically, we found that condensates composed of Lamellipodin, a protein that binds actin but is not an actin polymerase, were also capable of polymerizing and bundling actin filaments. To probe the minimum requirements for condensate-mediated actin bundling, we developed an agent-based computational model. Guided by its predictions, we hypothesized that any condensate-forming protein that binds actin could bundle filaments through multivalent crosslinking. To test this idea, we added an actin-binding motif to Eps15, a condensate-forming protein that does not normally bind actin. The resulting chimera formed condensates that drove efficient actin polymerization and bundling. Collectively, these findings broaden the family of proteins that could organize cytoskeletal filaments to include any actin-binding protein that participates in protein condensation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.04.592527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Liquid-like condensates that bind actin can polymerize and bundle actin filaments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.05.592554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Inactivation of the beta1 adrenergic receptor prevents Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.05.592554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Propranolol reduces experimental murine cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) and prevents embryonic caudal venous plexus (CVP) lesions in zebrafish that follow mosaic inactivation of ccm2. Because morpholino silencing of the {beta}1 adrenergic receptor (adrb1) prevents the embryonic CVP lesion, we proposed that adrb1 plays a role in CCM pathogenesis. Here we report that adrb1-/- zebrafish exhibited 86% fewer CVP lesions and 87% reduction of CCM lesion volume relative to wild type brood mates at 2dpf and 8-10 weeks stage, respectively. Treatment with metoprolol, a {beta}1 selective antagonist, yielded a similar reduction in CCM lesion volume. Adrb1-/- zebrafish embryos exhibited reduced heart rate and contractility and reduced CVP blood flow. Similarly, slowing the heart and eliminating the blood flow in CVP by administration of 2,3-BDM suppressed the CVP lesion. In sum, our findings provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that the therapeutic effect of propranolol on CCM is achieved through {beta}1 receptor antagonism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCurdy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.05.592554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Inactivation of the beta1 adrenergic receptor prevents Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adolescent drug exposure has been associated with more severe mental health outcomes related to substance abuse and anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to contrast the long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence with similar heroin exposure in adulthood. Groups of female Wistar rats underwent twice daily 30-minute sessions of heroin or propylene glycol (control) vapor inhalation from postnatal days (PND) 36-45 or PND 85-94, respectively. Nociception was assessed after vapor inhalation sessions and forty days later, for the Adolescent-Exposed and Adult-Exposed groups. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed with an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and spatial learning was assessed with a Barnes maze. Acute effects of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) and heroin (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) on thermal nociception were determined on PND 140/189 and PND 149/198, respectively. Repeated heroin vapor inhalation produced anti-nociceptive tolerance across sessions in both adolescent and adult rats, with the adolescents exhibiting more complete tolerance. Heroin vapor inhalation produced anxiolytic effects, regardless of age of exposure. There were no effects of heroin on spatial learning. Naloxone produced acute hyperalgesia in all but the Adolescent-Exposed heroin group, and heroin anti-nociception was blunted in both heroin-exposed groups at the highest heroin dose. Repeated heroin vapor inhalation can produce lasting effects on nociception and anxiety-like behavior that persist for months after the exposure. Importantly, these findings suggest that adolescent exposure to heroin vapor produces specific effects on nociception that are not observed when exposure occurs in adulthood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AmpliconSuite: an end-to-end workflow for analyzing focal amplifications in cancer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Focal amplifications in the cancer genome, particularly extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) amplifications, are emerging as a pivotal event in cancer progression across diverse cancer contexts, presenting a paradigm shift in our understanding of tumor dynamics. Simultaneously, identification of the various modes of focal amplifications is bioinformatically challenging. We present AmpliconSuite, a collection of tools that enables robust identification of focal amplifications from whole-genome sequencing data. AmpliconSuite includes AmpliconSuite- pipeline; utilizing the AmpliconArchitect (AA) method, and AmpliconRepository.org; a community- editable website for the sharing of focal amplification calls. We also describe improvements made to AA since its initial release that improve its accuracy and speed. As a proof of principle, we utilized publicly available pan-cancer datasets encompassing 2,525 tumor samples hosted on AmpliconRepository.org to illustrate important properties of focal amplifications, showing ecDNA has higher copy number, and stronger oncogene enrichment, compared to other classes of focal amplifications. Finally, we illustrate how AmpliconSuite-pipeline enables delineation of the various mechanisms by which ecDNA forms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liefeld, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dameracharla, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahuja, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreyer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamaszek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenkre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agashe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torvi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabor, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giurgiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verhaak, R. G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AmpliconSuite: an end-to-end workflow for analyzing focal amplifications in cancer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the challenges in studying islet inflammation - insulitis - is that it is a transient phenomenon. Traditional reporting of the insulitis progression is based on cumulative, donor-averaged values of leucocyte density in the vicinity of pancreatic islets, that hinders intra- and inter-islet heterogeneity of disease progression. Here, we aimed to understand why insulitis is non-uniform, often with peri-insulitis lesions formed on one side of an islet. To achieve this, we demonstrated applicability of network theory in detangling intra-islet multi-cellular interactions during insulitis. Specifically, we asked the question "what is unique about regions of the islet which interact with immune cells first". This study utilized the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type one diabetes and examined the interplay among -, {beta}-, T-cells, myeloid cells, and macrophages in pancreatic islets during the progression of insulitis. Disease evolution was tracked based on T/{beta} cell ratio in individual islets. In the early stage, we found that immune cells are preferentially interacting with -cell-rich regions of an islet. At the islet periphery -linked {beta}-cells were found to be targeted significantly more compared to those without -cell neighbors. Additionally, network analysis revealed increased T-myeloid, and T-macrophage interactions with all {beta}-cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balasenthilkumaran, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>. Whitesell, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network approach reveals preferential T-cell and macrophage association with α-linked β-cells in early stage of insulitis in NOD mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.591898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.591898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mature neurons maintain their distinctive morphology for extended periods in adult life. Compared to developmental neurite outgrowth, axon guidance, and target selection, relatively little is known of mechanisms that maintain mature neuron morphology. Loss of function in C. elegans DIP-2, a member of the conserved lipid metabolic regulator Dip2 family, results in progressive overgrowth of neurites in adults. We find that dip-2 mutants display specific genetic interactions with sax-2, the C. elegans ortholog of Drosophila Furry and mammalian FRY. Combined loss of DIP-2 and SAX-2 results in severe disruption of neuronal morphology maintenance accompanied by increased release of neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs). By screening for suppressors of dip-2 sax-2 double mutant defects we identified gain-of-function (gf) mutations in the conserved Dopey family protein PAD-1 and its associated phospholipid flippase TAT-5/ATP9A. In dip-2 sax-2 double mutants carrying either pad-1(gf) or tat-5(gf) mutation, EV release is reduced and neuronal morphology across multiple neuron types is restored to largely normal. PAD-1(gf) acts cell autonomously in neurons. The domain containing pad-1(gf) is essential for PAD-1 function, and PAD-1(gf) protein displays increased association with the plasma membrane and inhibits EV release. Our findings uncover a novel functional network of DIP-2, SAX-2, PAD-1, and TAT-5 that maintains morphology of neurons and other types of cells, shedding light on the mechanistic basis of neurological disorders involving human orthologs of these genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noblett, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colavita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehman, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.591898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopey-dependent regulation of extracellular vesicles maintains neuronal morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.591087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive folding variability between homologous chromosomes in mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.591087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variation and 3D chromatin structure have major roles in gene regulation. Due to challenges in mapping chromatin conformation with haplotype-specific resolution, the effects of genetic sequence variation on 3D genome structure and gene expression imbalance remain understudied. Here, we applied Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM) to a hybrid mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) line with high density of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GAM resolved haplotype-specific 3D genome structures with high sensitivity, revealing extensive allelic differences in chromatin compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), long-range enhancer-promoter contacts, and CTCF loops. Architectural differences often coincide with allele-specific differences in gene expression, mediated by Polycomb repression. We show that histone genes are expressed with allelic imbalance in mESCs, are involved in haplotype-specific chromatin contact marked by H3K27me3, and are targets of Polycomb repression through conditional knockouts of Ezh2 or Ring1b. Our work reveals highly distinct 3D folding structures between homologous chromosomes, and highlights their intricate connections with allelic gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Irastorza-Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thieme, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastrobuoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loof, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brookes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicodemi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.591087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive folding variability between homologous chromosomes in mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.09.593370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary and functional analyses reveal conserved and non-conserved functions of vertebrate RIP kinases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.09.593370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) RIPK1 and RIPK3 play important roles in diverse innate immune pathways. Despite this, some RIPK1/3-associated proteins are absent in specific vertebrate lineages, suggesting that some RIPK1/3 functions are conserved while others are more evolutionarily labile. Here, we perform comparative evolutionary analyses of RIPK1-5 and associated proteins in vertebrates to identify lineage-specific rapid evolution of RIPK3 and RIPK1 and recurrent loss of RIPK3-associated proteins. Despite this, diverse vertebrate RIPK3 proteins are able to activate NF-{kappa}B and cell death in human cells. Additional analyses revealed a striking conservation of the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) in RIPK3, as well as other human RHIM-containing proteins. Interestingly, diversity in the RIPK3 RHIM can tune activation of NF-{kappa}B while retaining the ability to activate cell death. Altogether, these data suggest that NF-{kappa}B activation is a core, conserved function of RIPK3, and the RHIM can tailor RIPK3 function to specific needs within and between species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fay, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isterabadi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezanka, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daugherty, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.09.593370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary and functional analyses reveal conserved and non-conserved functions of vertebrate RIP kinases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.10.593592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asesino: a nucleus-forming phage that lacks PhuZ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.10.593592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As nucleus-forming phages become better characterized, understanding their unifying similarities and unique differences will help us understand how they occupy varied niches and infect diverse hosts. All identified nucleus-forming phages fall within the proposed Chimalliviridae family and share a core genome of 68 unique genes including chimallin, the major nuclear shell protein. A well-studied but non-essential protein encoded by many nucleus-forming phages is PhuZ, a tubulin homolog which aids in capsid migration, nucleus rotation, and nucleus positioning. One clade that represents 24% of all currently known chimalliviruses lacks a PhuZ homolog. Here we show that Erwinia phage Asesino, one member of this PhuZ-less clade, shares a common overall replication mechanism with other characterized nucleus-forming phages despite lacking PhuZ. We show that Asesino replicates via a phage nucleus that encloses phage DNA and partitions proteins in the nuclear compartment and cytoplasm in a manner similar to previously characterized nucleus-forming phages. Consistent with a lack of PhuZ, however, we did not observe active positioning or rotation of the phage nucleus within infected cells. These data show that some nucleus-forming phages have evolved to replicate efficiently without PhuZ, providing an example of a unique variation in the nucleus-based replication pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.10.593592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asesino: a nucleus-forming phage that lacks PhuZ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.10.593630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release of human mitochondrial Hsp70 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.10.593630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Maintenance of protein homeostasis is necessary for cell viability and depends on a complex network of chaperones and co-chaperones, including the heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) system. In human mitochondria, mitochondrial Hsp70 (mortalin) and the nucleotide exchange factor (GrpEL1) work synergistically to stabilize proteins, assemble protein complexes, and facilitate protein import. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding these processes is hampered by limited structural information. To elucidate these mechanistic details, we used cryoEM to determine the first structures of full-length human mortalin-GrpEL1 complexes in previously unobserved states. Our structures and molecular dynamics simulations allow us to delineate specific roles for mortalin-GrpEL1 interfaces and to identify steps in GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release by mortalin. Subsequent analyses reveal conserved mechanisms across bacteria and mammals and facilitate a complete understanding of sequential nucleotide and substrate release for the Hsp70 chaperone system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morizono, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birouty, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.10.593630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into GrpEL1-mediated nucleotide and substrate release of human mitochondrial Hsp70]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.11.593707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active vision in freely moving marmosets using head-mounted eye tracking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.11.593707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our understanding of how vision functions as primates actively navigate the real-world is remarkably sparse. As most data have been limited to chaired and typically head-restrained animals, the synergistic interactions of different motor actions/plans inherent to active sensing -e.g. eyes, head, posture, movement, etc.-on visual perception are largely unknown. To address this considerable gap in knowledge, we developed an innovative wireless head-mounted eye tracking system called CEREBRO for small mammals, such as marmoset monkeys. Our system performs Chair-free Eye-Recording using Backpack mounted micROcontrollers. Because eye illumination and environment lighting change continuously in natural contexts, we developed a segmentation artificial neural network to perform robust pupil tracking in these conditions. Leveraging this innovative system to investigate active vision, we demonstrate that although freely-moving marmosets exhibit frequent compensatory eye movements equivalent to other primates, including humans, the predictability of the visual behavior (gaze) is higher when animals are freely-moving relative to when they are head-fixed. Moreover, despite increases in eye/head-motion during locomotion, gaze stabilization remains steady because of an increase in VOR gain during locomotion. These results demonstrate the efficient, dynamic visuo-motor mechanisms and related behaviors that enable stable, high-resolution foveal vision in primates as they explore the natural world.

Significance StatementVision is arguably the most thoroughly understood of all neural systems in the primate brain. Yet there is little known about how vision functions in real-world contexts in which individuals freely move and explore an environment. This dearth in knowledge is largely due to the lack of technology that can accurately track eye-movements in freely-moving individuals with the speed and resolution needed to quantify primate vision. Here we developed an innovative wireless head-mounted eye-tracking system for marmosets that meets these technical needs and enabled us to quantify facts of primate vision in a manner not previously possible, including a set of discoveries that are likely to transform our understanding of this keystone system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.11.593707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active vision in freely moving marmosets using head-mounted eye tracking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Y chromosome linked UTY modulates sex differences in valvular fibroblast methylation in response to nanoscale extracellular matrix cues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a progressive disease wherein males more often develop valve calcification relative to females that develop valve fibrosis. Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) aberrantly activate to myofibroblasts during AVS, driving the fibrotic valve phenotype in females. Myofibroblasts further differentiate into osteoblast-like cells and produce calcium nanoparticles, driving valve calcification in males. We hypothesized the lysine demethylase UTY (ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat containing, Y-linked) decreases methylation uniquely in male VICs responding to nanoscale extracellular matrix cues to promote an osteoblast-like cell phenotype. Here, we describe a hydrogel biomaterial cell culture platform to interrogate how nanoscale cues modulate sex-specific methylation states in VICs activating to myofibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells. We found UTY modulates the osteoblast-like cell phenotype in response to nanoscale cues uniquely in male VICs. Overall, we reveal a novel role of UTY in the regulation of calcification processes in males during AVS progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gorashi, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baddour, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chittle, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez, N. E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenning, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anseth, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mestroni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Y chromosome linked UTY modulates sex differences in valvular fibroblast methylation in response to nanoscale extracellular matrix cues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Successful Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Reduces Negative Septal Work in Patient-Specific Models of Dyssynchronous Heart Failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In patients with dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF), cardiac conduction abnormalities cause the regional distribution of myocardial work to be non-homogeneous. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using an implantable, programmed biventricular pacemaker/defibrillator, can improve the synchrony of contraction between the right and left ventricles in DHF, resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality and increased quality of life. Since regional work depends on wall stress, which cannot be measured in patients, we used computational methods to investigate regional work distributions and their changes after CRT. We used three-dimensional multi-scale patient-specific computational models parameterized by anatomic, functional, hemodynamic, and electrophysiological measurements in eight patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB) who received CRT. To increase clinical translatability, we also explored whether streamlined computational methods provide accurate estimates of regional myocardial work.

We found that CRT increased global myocardial work efficiency with significant improvements in non-responders. Reverse ventricular remodeling after CRT was greatest in patients with the highest heterogeneity of regional work at baseline, however the efficacy of CRT was not related to the decrease in overall work heterogeneity or to the reduction in late-activated regions of high myocardial work. Rather, decreases in early-activated regions of myocardium performing negative myocardial work following CRT best explained patient variations in reverse remodeling. These findings were also observed when regional myocardial work was estimated using ventricular pressure as a surrogate for myocardial stress and changes in endocardial surface area as a surrogate for strain. These new findings suggest that CRT promotes reverse ventricular remodeling in human dyssynchronous heart failure by increasing regional myocardial work in early-activated regions of the ventricles, where dyssynchrony is specifically associated with hypoperfusion, late systolic stretch, and altered metabolic activity and that measurement of these changes can be performed using streamlined approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Craine, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnamurthy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villongco, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krummen, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerckhoffs, R. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omens, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contijoch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Successful Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Reduces Negative Septal Work in Patient-Specific Models of Dyssynchronous Heart Failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic and environmental contributions to eigengene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multivariate network-based analytic methods such as weighted gene co-expression network analysis are being increasingly applied to human and animal gene-expression data to estimate module eigengenes (MEs). MEs represent multivariate summaries of correlated gene-expression patterns and network connectivity across genes within a module. Although this approach has the potential to elucidate the mechanisms by which molecular genomic variations contribute to individual differences in complex traits, the genetic etiology of MEs has never been empirically established. It is unclear if and to what degree individual differences in blood derived MEs reflect random variation versus familial aggregation arising from heritable or shared environmental influences. We used biometrical genetic analyses to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on MEs derived from blood lymphocytes collected on a sample of N=661 older male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) whose mean age at assessment was 67.7 years (SD=2.6 years, range=62-74 years). Of the 26 detected MEs, 14 (56%) had statistically significant additive genetic variation with an average heritability of 44% (SD=0.08, range=35-64%). Despite the relatively small sample size, this demonstration of significant family aggregation including estimates of heritability in 14 of the 26 MEs suggests that blood-based MEs are reliable and merit further exploration in terms of their associations with complex traits and diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hearn, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuang, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glatt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic and environmental contributions to eigengene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gill ionocyte remodeling mediates blood pH regulation in rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to environmentally relevant hypercapnia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Marine fishes excrete excess H+ using basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and apical Na+/H+-exchanger 3 (NHE3) in gill ionocytes. However, the mechanisms that regulate H+ excretion during exposure to environmentally relevant hypercapnia (ERH) remain poorly understood. Here, we explored transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular responses in gills of juvenile splitnose rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to three days of ERH conditions (pH [~]7.5; [~]1,600 atm pCO2). Blood pH was fully regulated at [~]7.75 despite a lack of significant changes in gill (1) mRNAs coding for proteins involved in blood acid-base regulation, (2) total NKA and NHE3 protein abundance, and (3) ionocyte density. However, ERH-exposed rockfish demonstrated increased NKA and NHE3 abundance on the ionocyte plasma membrane coupled with wider apical membranes and greater extension of apical microvilli. The observed gill ionocyte remodeling is consistent with enhanced H+ excretion that maintains blood pH homeostasis during exposure to ERH and does not necessitate changes at the expression or translation levels. These mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity may allow fishes to regulate blood pH during environmentally relevant acid-base challenges, and thus have important implications for both understanding how organisms respond to climate change and for selecting appropriate metrics to evaluate its impact on marine ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwan, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clifford, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prime, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harter, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gill ionocyte remodeling mediates blood pH regulation in rockfish (Sebastes diploproa) exposed to environmentally relevant hypercapnia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plastic microfibers found in high numbers around Kantamanto, the world's largest secondhand textile market in Accra, Ghana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Located in Accra, Ghana, Kantamanto is the worlds largest secondhand resale and upcycling market for clothing and textiles, receiving tons of garments every week exported under HS Code 6309 by countries in the Global North. We looked at the abundance of microplastics and microfibers from textiles and other sources in this dynamic environment. Our primary interest was assessing how microfibers in a textile-rich environment contribute to overall microplastic pollution. Continuous monitoring of air quality using PurpleAir sensors showed large concentrations of airborne microparticles around the market, which were shown to drop with rain events. Water collected from rain contained dozens to hundreds of microfibers and microplastics (roughly in a 1:10 ratio), depending on the intensity of the rain and on whether the rain was preceded by a significant period of dry weather. Microfiber and microplastic counts from airborne samples showed concentrations about >20x to >100x greater, respectively, than those reported from other metropolises around the world. A comparison of concentrations from water in the adjacent Korle Lagoon was similarly striking, with up to 45x more microfibers, and up to 200x more microplastics than what has previously been reported for lagoon waters worldwide. Beyond the microscale, the issue of whole garments as waste was also demonstrated, with a strong similarity found between the global brand garment tags from fashion items discarded in the market and those that were washed up on nearby beaches, highlighting the need for more holistic regulatory frameworks to address textile waste.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deheyn, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayesu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Or Foundation,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plastic microfibers found in high numbers around Kantamanto, the world's largest secondhand textile market in Accra, Ghana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the distribution of hundreds of thousands of plant metabolites across the plant kingdom presents a challenge. To address this, we curated publicly available LC-MS/MS data from 19,075 plant extracts and developed the plantMASST reference database encompassing 246 botanical families, 1,469 genera, and 2,793 species. This taxonomically focused database facilitates the exploration of plant-derived molecules using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. This tool will aid in drug discovery, biosynthesis, (chemo)taxonomy, and the evolutionary ecology of herbivore interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomes, P. W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damiani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiros-Guerrero, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chigumba, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedio, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwood, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo-Castillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defossez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koolen, H. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>e Silva, C. Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, T. W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaves-Fallas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keum, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, E. J. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Medeiros, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataglion, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, F. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.594000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial dysfunction heightens the integrated stress response to drive ALS pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.594000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein-B (VAPB) is an ER membrane bound protein. VAPB P56S causes a dominant, familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, the mechanism through which this mutation causes motor neuron (MN) disease remains unknown. Using inducible wild type (WT) and VAPB P56S expressing iPSC-derived MNs we show that VAPB P56S, but not WT, protein decreased neuronal firing and mitochondrial-ER contact (MERC) with an associated age-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); all typical characteristics of MN-disease. We further show that VAPB P56S expressing iPSC-derived MNs have enhanced age-dependent sensitivity to ER stress. We identified elevated expression of the master regulator of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) marker ATF4 and decreased protein synthesis in the VAPB P56S iPSC-derived MNs. Chemical inhibition of ISR with the compound, ISRIB, rescued all MN disease phenotype in VAPB P56S MNs. Thus, our results not only support ISR inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for ALS patients, but also provides evidence to pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landry, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neto, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zatz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzoglou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.594000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial dysfunction heightens the integrated stress response to drive ALS pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal analysis of RNA sequencing data powers discovery of complex trait genetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome data is commonly used to understand genome function via quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and to identify the molecular mechanisms driving genome wide association study (GWAS) signals through colocalization analysis and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS). While RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has the potential to reveal many modalities of transcriptional regulation, such as various splicing phenotypes, such studies are often limited to gene expression due to the complexity of extracting and analyzing multiple RNA phenotypes. Here, we present Pantry (Pan-transcriptomic phenotyping), a framework to efficiently generate diverse RNA phenotypes from RNA-seq data and perform downstream integrative analyses with genetic data. Pantry currently generates phenotypes from six modalities of transcriptional regulation (gene expression, isoform ratios, splice junction usage, alternative TSS/polyA usage, and RNA stability) and integrates them with genetic data via QTL mapping, TWAS, and colocalization testing. We applied Pantry to Geuvadis and GTEx data, and found that 4,768 of the genes with no identified expression QTL in Geuvadis had QTLs in at least one other transcriptional modality, resulting in a 66% increase in genes over expression QTL mapping. We further found that QTLs exhibit modality-specific functional properties that are further reinforced by joint analysis of different RNA modalities. We also show that generalizing TWAS to multiple RNA modalities (xTWAS) approximately doubles the discovery of unique gene-trait associations, and enhances identification of regulatory mechanisms underlying GWAS signal in 42% of previously associated gene-trait pairs. We provide the Pantry code, RNA phenotypes from all Geuvadis and GTEx samples, and xQTL and xTWAS results on the web.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehsan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esmaeili-Fard, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gusev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal analysis of RNA sequencing data powers discovery of complex trait genetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein structure, a genetic encoding for glycosylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis, dogma describes glycosylation as primarily determined by intrinsic cellular limitations, such as glycosyltransferase expression and precursor availability. However, this cannot explain the commonly-observed differences between glycans on the same protein. By examining site-specific glycosylation on diverse human proteins, we detected associations between protein structure and glycan structure, broadly generalizable to human-expressed glycoproteins. Through structural analysis of site-specific glycosylation data, we found protein-sequence and structural features consistently correlated with specific glycan features. To quantify these relationships, we present a new amino acid substitution matrix describing "glycoimpact", i.e., the association of primary protein structure and glycosylation. High-glycoimpact amino acids co-evolve with glycosites, and glycoimpact is high when estimates of amino acid conservation and variant pathogenicity diverge. We report thousands of disease variants near glycosites with high-glycoimpact, including several with known links to aberrant glycosylation (e.g., Oculocutaneous Albinism, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker, and Gauchers Disease). Finally, glycoimpact quantification is validated by studying oligomannose-complex glycan ratios on HIV ENV, differential sialylation on IgG3 Fc, differential glycosylation on SARS-CoV-2 Spike, and fucose-modulated function of a tuberculosis monoclonal antibody. Finally, to test the causality of protein-glycan associations, we created 5 glycoimpact-designed novel Rituximab variants, 4 of which substantially changed glycoprofiles as predicted. In all, we report that site-specific glycan biosynthesis is influenced by underlying protein structure, enabling glycan structure prediction and genetic sequence-guided glycoengineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaytseva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baboo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nachmanson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvine, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mih, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartels, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Woudenbergh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aylward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorrentino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartsch, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar-Calvo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigurdson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauc, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisacek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein structure, a genetic encoding for glycosylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cathepsin X is a conserved cell death protein involved in algal response to environmental stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phytoplankton play a crucial role in global primary production and can form vast blooms in aquatic ecosystems. Bloom demise and the rapid turnover of phytoplankton are suggested to involve programmed cell death (PCD) induced by diverse environmental stressors. However, fundamental knowledge of the PCD molecular components in algae and protists in general remains elusive. Previously, we revealed that early oxidation in the chloroplast predicted subsequent cell death or survival in isogenic subpopulations that emerged following H2O2 treatment in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of sorted sensitive oxidized cells and resilient reduced cells, to discover genes linked to their contrasting fates. By cross-comparison with a large-scale mutant screen in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we identified functionally relevant conserved PCD gene candidates, including the cysteine protease cathepsin X/Z (CPX). CPX mutants in P. tricornutum CPX1 and C. reinhardtii CEP12 both exhibited profound resilience to oxidative stress, supporting a conserved function in algal PCD. P. tricornutum cpx1 mutants, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, also exhibited resilience to the toxic diatom-derived infochemical cyanogen bromide. Phylogenetic and predictive structural analyses show that CPX is highly conserved in eukaryotes, and algae of the green and red lineages exhibit strong structural similarity to human cathepsin CTSZ. CPX is expressed by diverse algae across the oceans and during toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, supporting its ecological importance. Elucidating PCD components in algae sheds light on the evolutionary origin of PCD in unicellular organisms, and on the cellular strategies employed by the population to cope with stressful conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mizrachi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Dor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dym, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldmesser, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarfin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunson, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinkerson, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schatz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vardi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cathepsin X is a conserved cell death protein involved in algal response to environmental stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic skeletal muscle function and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake do not vary by time-of-day in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A growing body of data suggests that skeletal muscle contractile function and glucose metabolism vary by time-of-day, with chronobiological effects on intrinsic skeletal muscle properties being proposed as the underlying mediator. However, no studies have directly investigated intrinsic contractile function or glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle over a 24 h circadian cycle. To address this, we assessed intrinsic contractile function and endurance, as well as contraction-stimulated glucose uptake, in isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus from female mice at four times-of-day (Zeitgeber Times 1, 7, 13, 19). Significantly, while both muscles demonstrated circadian-related changes in gene expression, intrinsic contractile function, endurance, and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake were not different between the four time points. Overall, these results demonstrate that time-of-day variation in exercise performance and the glycemia-reducing benefits of exercise are not due to chronobiological effects on intrinsic muscle function or contraction-stimulated glucose uptake.

Impact statementEx vivo testing demonstrates that there is no time-of-day variation in the intrinsic contractile properties of skeletal muscle (including no effect on force production or endurance) or contraction-stimulated glucose uptake.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremner, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic skeletal muscle function and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake do not vary by time-of-day in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding glycosylation potential from protein structure across human glycoproteins with a multi-view recurrent neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation is described as a non-templated biosynthesis. Yet, the template-free premise is antithetical to the observation that different N-glycans are consistently placed at specific sites. It has been proposed that glycosite-proximal protein structures could constrain glycosylation and explain the observed microheterogeneity. Using site-specific glycosylation data, we trained a hybrid neural network to parse glycosites (recurrent neural network) and match them to feasible N-glycosylation events (graph neural network). From glycosite-flanking sequences, the algorithm predicts most human N-glycosylation events documented in the GlyConnect database and proposed structures corresponding to observed monosaccharide composition of the glycans at these sites. The algorithm also recapitulated glycosylation in Enhanced Aromatic Sequons, SARS-CoV-2 spike, and IgG3 variants, thus demonstrating the ability of the algorithm to predict both glycan structure and abundance. Thus, protein structure constrains glycosylation, and the neural network enables predictive in silico glycosylation of uncharacterized or novel protein sequences and genetic variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariethoz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffris, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armingol, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisacek, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding glycosylation potential from protein structure across human glycoproteins with a multi-view recurrent neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning precise segmentation of neurofibrillary tangles from rapid manual point annotations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulation of abnormal tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). Accurate detection of NFTs in tissue samples can reveal relationships with clinical, demographic, and genetic features through deep phenotyping. However, expert manual analysis is time-consuming, subject to observer variability, and cannot handle the data amounts generated by modern imaging. We present a scalable, open-source, deep-learning approach to quantify NFT burden in digital whole slide images (WSIs) of post-mortem human brain tissue. To achieve this, we developed a method to generate detailed NFT boundaries directly from single-point-per-NFT annotations. We then trained a semantic segmentation model on 45 annotated 2400{micro}m by 1200{micro}m regions of interest (ROIs) selected from 15 unique temporal cortex WSIs of AD cases from three institutions (University of California (UC)-Davis, UC-San Diego, and Columbia University). Segmenting NFTs at the single-pixel level, the model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.832 and an F1 of 0.527 (196-fold over random) on a held-out test set of 664 NFTs from 20 ROIs (7 WSIs). We compared this to deep object detection, which achieved comparable but coarser-grained performance that was 60% faster. The segmentation and object detection models correlated well with expert semi-quantitative scores at the whole-slide level (Spearmans rho {rho}=0.654 (p=6.50e-5) and {rho}=0.513 (p=3.18e-3), respectively). We openly release this multi-institution deep-learning pipeline to provide detailed NFT spatial distribution and morphology analysis capability at a scale otherwise infeasible by manual assessment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghandian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albarghouthi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minaud, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCarli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teich, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugger, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keiser, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning precise segmentation of neurofibrillary tangles from rapid manual point annotations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Endoplasmic Reticulum as an Active Liquid Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a dense, interconnected, and constantly evolving network of membrane-bound tubules in eukaryotic cells. While individual structural elements and the morphogens that stabilize them have been described, a quantitative understanding of the dynamic large-scale network topology remains elusive. We develop a physical model of the ER as an active liquid network, governed by a balance of tension-driven shrinking and new tubule growth. This minimalist model gives rise to steady-state network structures with density and rearrangement timescales predicted from the junction mobility and tubule spawning rate. Several parameter-independent geometric features of the liquid network model are shown to be representative of ER architecture in live mammalian cells. The liquid network model connects the time-scales of distinct dynamic features such as ring closure and new tubule growth in the ER. Furthermore, it demonstrates how the steady-state network morphology on a cellular scale arises from the balance of microscopic dynamic rearrangements.

SIGNIFICANCEThe peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a continuous, dynamic network of tubules that plays an important role in protein sorting, export, and quality control, as well as cellular signaling and stress response. Elucidating how the unique morphology of the ER arises and supports its function is critical to developing a mechanistic understanding of the many neurological diseases associated with ER structural perturbations. We develop a physical model of the ER as an active liquid network to understand how its cellular-scale structure emerges from small-scale dynamic rearrangements. The model demon-strates how key features of ER architecture can arise from a balance of tubule growth and tension-driven sliding. This work provides insight into the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying the emergent morphology of the ER.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steen, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westrate, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Endoplasmic Reticulum as an Active Liquid Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dithiocarbamate pesticides maneb and mancozeb disturb the metabolism of lipids and xenobiotics in an in vitro model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pesticides are increasingly recognized to be hepatotoxic but less is known about their toxicity in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recent investigations reported oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells after a single treatment with a 7-pesticide mixture that included chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, diazinon, iprodione, imazalil, and the dithiocarbamates maneb and mancozeb. These effects were reproduced by maneb, mancozeb, or manganese chloride (MnCl2). Herein, differentiated HepaRG cells cultured for 2 weeks without (-FA) or with (+FA) a mixture of stearic and oleic acids were treated with this 7-pesticide mixture, maneb, mancozeb, or MnCl2 along the same period. While these molecules did not induce neutral lipid accumulation in -FA-HepaRG cells, they worsened steatosis in +FA-HepaRG cells. Maneb or MnCl2 impaired very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and increased fatty acid uptake without altering mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis. Reduced VLDL secretion was associated with decreased mRNA levels of apolipoproteins B and C3 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Zinc supplementation restored VLDL secretion, reduced fatty acid uptake and prevented the exacerbation of steatosis in +FA-HepaRG cells treated with mancozeb or MnCl2. The mixture, maneb, or MnCl2 also reduced the mRNA expression and activity of several cytochromes P450 in +FA- and -FA-HepaRG cells. This was associated with impaired biotransformation of diazinon while chlorpyrifos metabolism was unaffected. Hence, maneb, mancozeb and MnCl2 disturb the metabolism of lipids and xenobiotics in HepaRG cells, in particular in fatty acid-exposed cells. These findings could have major pathophysiological consequences in dithiocarbamate-exposed individuals with MASLD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petitjean, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dicara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bristeau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coppens-Exandier, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amalric, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savary, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corlu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fromenty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dithiocarbamate pesticides maneb and mancozeb disturb the metabolism of lipids and xenobiotics in an in vitro model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of enzyme activity predictions for variants of unknown significance in Arylsulfatase A 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Continued advances in variant effect prediction are necessary to demonstrate the ability of machine learning methods to accurately determine the clinical impact of variants of unknown significance (VUS). Towards this goal, the ARSA Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenge was designed to characterize progress by utilizing 219 experimentally assayed missense VUS in the Arylsulfa-tase A (ARSA) gene to assess the performance of community-submitted predictions of variant functional effects. The challenge involved 15 teams, and evaluated additional predictions from established and recently released models. Notably, a model developed by participants of a genetics and coding bootcamp, trained with standard machine-learning tools in Python, demonstrated superior performance among sub-missions. Furthermore, the study observed that state-of-the-art deep learning methods provided small but statistically significant improvement in predictive performance compared to less elaborate techniques. These findings underscore the utility of variant effect prediction, and the potential for models trained with modest resources to accurately classify VUS in genetic and clinical research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinidad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz Neto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glagovsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeynep Calici, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cedillo, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berardelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsonis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtarge, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradhan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajeed, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraggi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kloczkowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Cruz, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acuna-Hidalgo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grafmuller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Barron, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manfredi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savojardo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babbi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martelli, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casadio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pucci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rooman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>R</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of enzyme activity predictions for variants of unknown significance in Arylsulfatase A]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iLipidome: enhancing statistical power and interpretability using hidden biosynthetic interdependencies in the lipidome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.16.594607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Numerous biological processes and diseases are influenced by lipid composition. Advances in lipidomics are elucidating their roles, but analyzing and interpreting lipidomics data at the systems level remain challenging. To address this, we present iLipidome, a method for analyzing lipidomics data in the context of the lipid biosynthetic network, thus accounting for the interdependence of measured lipids. iLipidome enhances statistical power, enables reliable clustering and lipid enrichment analysis, and links lipidomic changes to their genetic origins. We applied iLipidome to investigate mechanisms driving changes in cellular lipidomes following supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and successfully identified the genetic causes of alterations. We further demonstrated how iLipidome can disclose enzyme-substrate specificity and pinpoint prospective glioblastoma therapeutic targets. Finally, iLipidome enabled us to explore underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and could guide the discovery of early lipid biomarkers. Thus, iLipidome can assist researchers studying the essence of lipidomic data and advance the field of lipid biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHIANG, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.16.594607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iLipidome: enhancing statistical power and interpretability using hidden biosynthetic interdependencies in the lipidome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recruitment of CTCF to the SIRT1 promoter after Oxidative Stress mediates Cardioprotective Transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Because most DNA-binding transcription factors (dbTFs), including the architectural regulator CTCF, bind RNA and exhibit di-/multimerization, a central conundrum is whether these distinct properties are regulated post-transcriptionally to modulate transcriptional programs. Here, investigating stress-dependent activation of SIRT1, encoding an evolutionarily-conserved protein deacetylase, we show that induced phosphorylation of CTCF acts as a rheostat to permit CTCF occupancy of low-affinity promoter DNA sites to precisely the levels necessary. This CTCF recruitment to the SIRT1 promoter is eliciting a cardioprotective cardiomyocyte transcriptional activation program and provides resilience against the stress of the beating heart in vivo. Mice harboring a mutation in the conserved low-affinity CTCF promoter binding site exhibit an altered, cardiomyocyte-specific transcriptional program and a systolic heart failure phenotype. This transcriptional role for CTCF reveals that a covalent dbTF modification regulating signal-dependent transcription serves as a previously unsuspected component of the oxidative stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priyanka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micheletti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamliel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohgi, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrass, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazuda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggirala, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blangero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemljic-Harpf, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.17.594600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recruitment of CTCF to the SIRT1 promoter after Oxidative Stress mediates Cardioprotective Transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruptors of sestrin-MAPK interactions rejuvenate T cells and expand TCR specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas treatments that reactivate exhausted T cells are available, strategies to rejuvenate terminally differentiated senescent lymphocytes are yet to be developed. Senescent T cells, with short telomeres and inactive telomerase, are different from exhausted cells, and may form due to defective telomere transfer reactions upon contact with antigen presenting cells (APCs). Senescent T cells are characterized by presence of sestrin-MAPK kinase activation complexes (sMACs), large immune-inhibitory protein assemblies of sestrins bound to a stress/energy sensing kinase (AMPK) and three functional effector kinases (ERK, JNK and p38 MAPKs). Here we described first in class Disruptors of the Sestrin-MAPK immune-inhibitory Complex (DOS), which target sMAC to ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, resulting in long-term sestrin transcriptional inhibition, increased T cell fitness, and generation of long-lived stem like memory features. Strikingly, the DOS generated stem T cells present de novo antigen-specific T-cell receptor DNA rearrangements that precede their future expansion. Although largely senescent at the point of treatment, the DOS regenerated T cells, with stem features and new TCRs, initiated immune-protective rejuvenation-dependent responses to new challenges, with or without vaccination. Therefore, it is possible to generate new T cell clones from formerly senescent cells and expand immune specificity.

HighlightsO_LIDOS are the first sestrin-MAPK binding disruptors
C_LIO_LIDOS rejuvenate T cells (DOS-juvenation)
C_LIO_LIDOS-juvenated T cells protect old mice from lethal infections, with or without vaccination
C_LIO_LIDOS-juvenated T cells exist as stem-like cells that undergo antigen-specific TCR revisions
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lanna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Ambra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chocarro De Erauso, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delpero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capitani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.17.594698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruptors of sestrin-MAPK interactions rejuvenate T cells and expand TCR specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.19.594824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZBTB11 Depletion Targets Metabolic Vulnerabilities in K-Ras Inhibitor Resistant PDAC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.19.594824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over 95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) harbor oncogenic mutations in K-Ras. Upon treatment with K-Ras inhibitors, PDAC cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming towards an oxidative phosphorylation-dependent, drug-resistant state. However, direct inhibition of complex I is poorly tolerated in patients due to on-target induction of peripheral neuropathy. In this work, we develop molecular glue degraders against ZBTB11, a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that regulates the nuclear transcription of components of the mitoribosome and electron transport chain. Our ZBTB11 degraders leverage the differences in demand for biogenesis of mitochondrial components between human neurons and rapidly-dividing pancreatic cancer cells, to selectively target the K-Ras inhibitor resistant state in PDAC. Combination treatment of both K-Ras inhibitor-resistant cell lines and multidrug resistant patient-derived organoids resulted in superior anti-cancer activity compared to single agent treatment, while sparing hiPSC-derived neurons. Proteomic and stable isotope tracing studies revealed mitoribosome depletion and impairment of the TCA cycle as key events that mediate this response. Together, this work validates ZBTB11 as a vulnerability in K-Ras inhibitor-resistant PDAC and provides a suite of molecular glue degrader tool compounds to investigate its function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadbois, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulay, K. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.19.594824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZBTB11 Depletion Targets Metabolic Vulnerabilities in K-Ras Inhibitor Resistant PDAC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Freeform robotic optical coherence tomography beyond the optical field-of-view limit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaging complex, non-planar anatomies with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited by the optical field of view (FOV) in a single volumetric acquisition. Combining linear mechanical translation with OCT extends the FOV but suffers from inflexibility in imaging non-planar anatomies. We report the freeform robotic OCT to fill this gap. To address challenges in volumetric reconstruction associated with the robotic movement accuracy being two orders of magnitudes worse than OCT imaging resolution, we developed a volumetric registration algorithm based on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) to overcome this limitation. We imaged the entire aqueous humor outflow pathway, whose imaging has the potential to customize glaucoma surgeries but is typically constrained by the FOV, circumferentially in mice as a test. We acquired volumetric OCT data at different robotic poses and reconstructed the entire anterior segment of the eye. The reconstructed volumes showed heterogeneous Schlemms canal (SC) morphology in the reconstructed anterior segment and revealed a segmental nature in the circumferential distribution of collector channels (CC) with spatial features as small as a few micrometers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuranov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kweon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.595073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Freeform robotic optical coherence tomography beyond the optical field-of-view limit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autophagy suppression in DNA damaged cells occurs through a newly identified p53-proteasome-LC3 axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macroautophagy is thought to have a critical role in shaping and refining cellular proteostasis in eukaryotic cells recovering from DNA damage. Here, we report a mechanism by which autophagy is suppressed in cells exposed to bacterial toxin-, chemical-, or radiation-mediated sources of genotoxicity. Autophagy suppression is directly linked to cellular responses to DNA damage, and specifically the stabilization of the tumor suppressor p53, which is both required and sufficient for regulating the ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent reduction in cellular pools of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3A/B), a key precursor of autophagosome biogenesis and maturation, in both epithelial cells and an ex vivo organoid model. Our data indicate that suppression of autophagy, through a newly identified p53-proteasome-LC3 axis, is a conserved cellular response to multiple sources of genotoxicity. Such a mechanism could potentially be important for realigning proteostasis in cells undergoing DNA damage repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lieu, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowder, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryza, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamilselvam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaminski, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enkhbaatar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanke, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.595139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autophagy suppression in DNA damaged cells occurs through a newly identified p53-proteasome-LC3 axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus GP38 limit vascular leak and viral spread 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a priority pathogen transmitted by tick bites, with no vaccines or specific therapeutics approved to date. Severe disease manifestations include hemorrhage, endothelial dysfunction, and multiorgan failure. Infected cells secrete the viral glycoprotein GP38, whose extracellular function is presently unknown. GP38 is considered an important target for vaccine and therapeutic design as GP38-specific antibodies can protect against severe disease in animal models, albeit through a currently unknown mechanism of action. Here, we show that GP38 induces endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro, and that CCHFV infection, and GP38 alone, can trigger vascular leak in a mouse model. Protective antibodies that recognize specific antigenic sites on GP38, but not a protective neutralizing antibody binding the structural protein Gc, potently inhibit endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro and vascular leak in vivo during CCHFV infection. This work uncovers a function of the secreted viral protein GP38 as a viral toxin in CCHFV pathogenesis and elucidates the mode of action of non-neutralizing GP38-specific antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pahmeier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monticelli, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hjorth, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehne, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batchelor, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middlecamp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuart, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abelson, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLellan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biering, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herbert, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.23.595578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus GP38 limit vascular leak and viral spread]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Modeling Algorithms for Reactions and Transport (SMART) in Biological Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological cells rely on precise spatiotemporal coordination of biochemical reactions to control their many functions. Such cell signaling networks have been a common focus for mathematical models, but they remain challenging to simulate, particularly in realistic cell geometries. Herein, we present our software, Spatial Modeling Algorithms for Reaction and Transport (SMART), a package that takes in high-level user specifications about cell signaling networks and molecular transport, and then assembles and solves the associated mathematical and computational systems. SMART uses state-of-the-art finite element analysis, via the FEniCS Project software, to efficiently and accurately resolve cell signaling events over discretized cellular and subcellular geometries. We demonstrate its application to several different biological systems, including YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction, calcium signaling in neurons and cardiomyocytes, and ATP generation in mitochondria. Throughout, we utilize experimentally-derived realistic cellular geometries represented by well-conditioned tetrahedral meshes. These scenarios demonstrate the applicability, flexibility, accuracy and efficiency of SMART across a range of temporal and spatial scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laughlin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dokken, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finsberg, H. N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rognes, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.23.595604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Modeling Algorithms for Reactions and Transport (SMART) in Biological Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying acyl-chain diversity in isobaric compound lipids containing monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compound lipids comprise a diverse group of metabolites present in living systems, and metabolic- and environmentally-driven structural distinctions across this family is increasingly linked to biological function. However, methods for deconvoluting these often isobaric lipid species are lacking or require specialized instrumentation. Notably, acyl-chain diversity within cells may be influenced by nutritional states, metabolic dysregulation, or genetic alterations. Therefore, a reliable, validated method of quantifying structurally similar even-, odd-, and branched-chain acyl groups within intact compound lipids will be invaluable for gaining molecular insights into their biological functions. Here we demonstrate the chromatographic resolution of isobaric lipids containing distinct combinations of straight-chain and branched-chain acyl groups via ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-mass spectrometry (MS) using a C30 liquid chromatography column. Using metabolically-engineered adipocytes lacking branched-keto acid dehydrogenase A (Bckdha), we validate this approach through a combination of fatty acid supplementation and metabolic tracing using monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids and valine. We observe resolution of numerous isobaric triacylglycerols and other compound lipids, demonstrating the resolving utility of this method. This approach strengthens our ability to quantify and characterize the inherent diversity of acyl chains across the lipidome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolar, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGregor, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying acyl-chain diversity in isobaric compound lipids containing monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.24.595368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation: Machine Learning-Guided Biomarker Discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.24.595368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDThere is an urgent need to better understand the pathophysiology of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) so that point-of-care methods can be developed to predict those at risk. Here we utilize a multiplex multivariable approach to define cytokine, chemokines, and growth factors in patient-matched biospecimens from multiple biological sites to identify factors predictive of PGD.

METHODSBiospecimens were collected from patients undergoing bilateral LTx from three distinct sites: donor lung perfusate, post-transplant bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (2h), and plasma (2h and 24h). A 71-multiplex panel was performed on each biospecimen. Cross-validated logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) machine learning models were used to determine whether analytes in each site or from combination of sites, with or without clinical data, could discriminate between PGD grade 0 (n = 9) and 3 (n = 8).

RESULTSUsing optimal AUROC, BAL fluid at 2h was the most predictive of PGD (LR, 0.825; RF, 0.919), followed by multi-timepoint plasma (LR, 0.841; RF, 0.653), then perfusate (LR, 0.565; RF, 0.448). Combined clinical, BAL, and plasma data yielded strongest performance (LR, 1.000; RF, 1.000). Using a LASSO of the predictors obtained using LR, we selected IL-1RA, BCA-1, and Fractalkine, as most predictive of severe PGD.

CONCLUSIONSBAL samples collected 2h post-transplant were the strongest predictors of severe PGD. Our machine learning approach not only identified novel cytokines not previously associated with PGD, but identified analytes that could be used as a point-of-care cytokine panel aimed at identifying those at risk for developing severe PGD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nord, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langerude, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moussa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machuca, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rackauskas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emtiazjoo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.24.595368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation: Machine Learning-Guided Biomarker Discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LiveLattice: Real-time visualization of tilted light-sheet microscopy data using a memory-efficient transformation algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.596280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), a prominent fluorescence microscopy technique, offers enhanced temporal resolution for imaging biological samples in four dimensions (4D; x, y, z, time). Some of the most recent implementations, including inverted selective plane illumination microscopy (iSPIM) and lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), rely on a tilting of the sample plane with respect to the light sheet of 30-45 degrees to ease sample preparation. Data from such tilted-sample-plane LSFMs require subsequent deskewing and rotation for proper visualization and analysis. Such transformations currently demand substantial memory allocation. This poses computational challenges, especially with large datasets. The consequence is long processing times compared to data acquisition times, which currently limits the ability for live-viewing the data as it is being captured by the microscope. To enable the fast preprocessing of large light-sheet microscopy datasets without significant hardware demand, we have developed WH-Transform, a novel GPU-accelerated memory-efficient algorithm that integrates deskewing and rotation into a single transformation, significantly reducing memory requirements and reducing the preprocessing run time by at least 10-fold for large image stacks. Benchmarked against conventional methods and existing software, our approach demonstrates linear scalability. Processing large 3D stacks of up to 15 GB is now possible within one minute using a single GPU with 24 GB of memory. Applied to 4D LLSM datasets of human hepatocytes, human lung organoid tissue, and human brain organoid tissue, our method outperforms alternatives, providing rapid, accurate preprocessing within seconds. Importantly, such processing speeds now allow visualization of the raw microscope data stream in real time, significantly improving the usability of LLSM in biology. In summary, this advancement holds transformative potential for light-sheet microscopy, enabling real-time, on-the-fly data processing, visualization, and analysis on standard workstations, thereby revolutionizing biological imaging applications for LLSM, SPIM and similar light microscopes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakozaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Carbonero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoeneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.596280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LiveLattice: Real-time visualization of tilted light-sheet microscopy data using a memory-efficient transformation algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.596368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiolipin remodeling maintains the inner mitochondrial membrane in cells with saturated lipidomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.596368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique, four-chain phospholipid synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). The acyl chain composition of CL is regulated through a remodeling pathway, whose loss causes mitochondrial dysfunction in Barth syndrome. Yeast has been used extensively as a model system to characterize CL metabolism, but mutants lacking its two remodeling enzymes, Cld1p and Taz1p, have not recapitulated the structural and respiratory phenotypes observed in other systems. Here we show the essential role of CL remodeling in the structure and function of the IMM in yeast grown under reduced oxygenation. Microaerobic fermentation, which mimics natural yeast environments, caused the accumulation of saturated fatty acids and, under these conditions, remodeling mutants showed a loss of IMM ultrastructure. We extended this observation to HEK293 cells, where iPLA2 inhibition by bromoenol lactone resulted in respiratory dysfunction and cristae loss upon mild treatment with exogenous saturated fatty acids. In microaerobic yeast, remodeling mutants accumulated unremodeled, saturated CL, but also displayed reduced total CL levels, highlighting the interplay between saturation and CL biosynthesis and breakdown. We identified the mitochondrial phospholipase A1 Ddl1p as a regulator of CL levels, and those of its precursors phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, under these conditions. Loss of DDL1 partially rescued IMM structure in cells unable to initiate CL remodeling and had differing lipidomic effects depending on oxygenation. These results introduce a revised yeast model for investigating CL remodeling and suggest that its structural functions are dependent on the overall lipid environment in the mitochondrion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Venkatraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.596368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiolipin remodeling maintains the inner mitochondrial membrane in cells with saturated lipidomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.27.596098v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate, scalable, and fully automated inference of species trees from raw genome assemblies using ROADIES 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.27.596098v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inference of species trees plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of evolutionary relationships and has immense significance for diverse biological and medical applications. Extensive genome sequencing efforts are currently in progress across a broad spectrum of life forms, holding the potential to unravel the intricate branching patterns within the tree of life. However, estimating species trees starting from raw genome sequences is quite challenging, and the current cutting-edge methodologies require a series of error-prone steps that are neither entirely automated nor standardized. In this paper, we present ROADIES, a novel pipeline for species tree inference from raw genome assemblies that is fully automated, easy to use, scalable, free from reference bias, and provides flexibility to adjust the tradeoff between accuracy and runtime. The ROADIES pipeline eliminates the need to align whole genomes, choose a single reference species, or pre-select loci such as functional genes found using cumbersome annotation steps. Moreover, it leverages recent advances in phylogenetic inference to allow multi-copy genes, eliminating the need to detect orthology. Using the genomic datasets released from large-scale sequencing consortia across three diverse life forms (placental mammals, pomace flies, and birds), we show that ROADIES infers species trees that are comparable in quality with the state-of-the-art approaches but in a fraction of the time. By incorporating optimal approaches and automating all steps from assembled genomes to species and gene trees, ROADIES is poised to improve the accuracy, scalability, and reproducibility of phylogenomic analyses.

Code and Data availabilityThe source code of ROADIES is freely available under the MIT License on GitHub (https://github.com/TurakhiaLab/ROADIES), and the documentation for ROADIES is available at https://turakhia.ucsd.edu/ROADIES/. The details of the input datasets used in the manuscript are listed in Supplementary Tables 1-3. All inferred gene trees and species trees are to be deposited to Dryad with links to be made available on the aforementioned GitHub repository.

Contactyturakhia@ucsd.edu
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.27.596098</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate, scalable, and fully automated inference of species trees from raw genome assemblies using ROADIES]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.596266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
D-Serine inhibits non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.29.596266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are widely recognized as master regulators of synaptic plasticity, most notably for driving long-term changes in synapse size and strength that support learning. NMDARs are unique among neurotransmitter receptors in that they require binding of both neurotransmitter (glutamate) and co-agonist (e.g. O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine) to open the receptor channel, which leads to the influx of calcium ions that drive synaptic plasticity. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated that NMDARs also support synaptic plasticity via ion flux-independent (non-ionotropic) signaling upon the binding of glutamate in the absence of co-agonist, although conflicting results have led to significant controversy. Here, we hypothesized that a major source of contradictory results can be attributed to variable occupancy of the co-agonist binding site under different experimental conditions. To test this hypothesis, we manipulated co-agonist availability in acute hippocampal slices from mice of both sexes. We found that enzymatic scavenging of endogenous co-agonists enhanced the magnitude of LTD induced by non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling in the presence of the NMDAR pore blocker, MK801. Conversely, a saturating concentration of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine completely inhibited both LTD and spine shrinkage induced by glutamate binding in the presence of MK801. Using a FRET-based assay in cultured neurons, we further found that O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine completely blocked NMDA-induced conformational movements of the GluN1 cytoplasmic domains in the presence of MK801. Our results support a model in which O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine inhibits ion flux-independent NMDAR signaling and plasticity, and thus O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine availability could serve to modulate NMDAR signaling even when the NMDAR is blocked by magnesium.

Significance StatementNMDARs are glutamate-gated cation channels that are key regulators of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity and unique in their requirement for binding of a co-agonist (e.g. O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine) in order for the channel to open. NMDARs have been found to drive synaptic plasticity via non-ionotropic (ion flux-independent) signaling upon the binding of glutamate in the absence of co-agonist, though conflicting results have led to controversy. Here, we found that O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine inhibits non-ionotropic NMDAR-mediated LTD and LTD-associated spine shrinkage. Thus, a major source of the contradictory findings might be attributed to experimental variability in O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine availability. In addition, the developmental regulation of O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-serine levels suggests a role for non-ionotropic NMDAR plasticity during critical periods of plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barragan, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anisimova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayakumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coblentz, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salaka, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nisan, A. F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petshow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zito, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.596266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[D-Serine inhibits non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The use of vocal coordination in male African elephant group departures: evidence of active leadership and consensus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Group-living animals engage in coordinated vocalizations to depart from a location as a group, and often, to come to a consensus about the direction of movement. Here, we document for the first time, the use of coordinated vocalizations, the "lets go" rumble, in wild male African elephant group departures from a waterhole. We recorded vocalizations and collected behavioral data as known individuals engaged in these vocal bouts during June-July field seasons in 2005, 2007, 2011, and 2017 at Mushara waterhole within Etosha National Park, Namibia. During departure events, we documented which individuals were involved in the calls, the signature structure of each individuals calls, as well as the ordering of callers, the social status of the callers, and those who initiated departure. The "lets go" rumble was previously described in tight-knit family groups to keep the family together during coordinated departures. Male elephants are described as living in loose social groups, making this finding particularly striking. We found that this vocal coordination occurs in groups of closely associated, highly bonded individuals and rarely occurs between looser associates. The three individuals most likely to initiate the "lets go" rumble bouts were all highly socially integrated, and one of these individuals was also the most dominant overall. This suggests that more socially integrated individuals might be more likely to initiate, or lead, a close group of associates in the context of leaving the waterhole, just as a dominant female would do in a family group. The fact that many individuals were often involved in the vocal bouts, and that departure periods could be shorter, longer, or the same amount of time as pre-departure periods, all suggest that there is consensus with regard to the act of leaving, even though the event was triggered by a lead individual.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Connell-Rodwell, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berezin, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pignatelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodwell, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.31.596833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The use of vocal coordination in male African elephant group departures: evidence of active leadership and consensus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transportome remodeling of a symbiotic microalga inside a planktonic host 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic exchange is one of the foundations of symbiotic associations between organisms and is a driving force in evolution. In the ocean, photosymbiosis between heterotrophic host and microalgae is powered by photosynthesis and relies on the transfer of organic carbon to the host (e.g. sugars). Yet, the identity of transferred carbohydrates as well as the molecular mechanisms that drive this exchange remain largely unknown, especially in unicellular photosymbioses that are widespread in the open ocean. Combining genomics, single-holobiont transcriptomics and environmental metatranscriptomics, we revealed the transportome of the marine microalga Phaeocystis in symbiosis within acantharia, with a focus on sugar transporters. At the genomic level, the sugar transportome of Phaeocystis is comparable to non-symbiotic haptophytes. By contrast, we found significant remodeling of the expression of the transportome in symbiotic microalgae compared to the free-living stage. More particularly, 32% of sugar transporter genes were differentially expressed. Several of them, such as GLUTs, TPTs and aquaporins, with glucose, triose-phosphate sugars and glycerol as potential substrates, were upregulated at the holobiont and community level. We also showed that algal sugar transporter genes exhibit distinct temporal expression patterns during the day. This reprogrammed transportome indicates that symbiosis has a major impact on sugar fluxes within and outside the algal cell, and highlights the complexity and the dynamics of metabolic exchanges between partners. This study improves our understanding of the molecular players of the metabolic connectivity underlying the ecological success of planktonic photosymbiosis and paves the way for more studies on transporters across photosymbiotic models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juery, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auladell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fussy, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelletier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decelle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.01.596945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transportome remodeling of a symbiotic microalga inside a planktonic host]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596969v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synthetic skin microbial community (SkinCom) enables reproducible investigations of the human skin microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596969v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Existing models of the human skin have aided our understanding of skin health and disease. However, they currently lack a microbial component, despite microbes demonstrated connections to various skin diseases. Here we present a robust, standardized model of the skin bacterial community (SkinCom) to support complex in vitro and in vivo investigations. Our methods lead to an accurate, reproducible, and diverse community formation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Subsequent testing of SkinCom on the dorsal skin of mice allowed for DNA and RNA recovery from both the applied SkinCom and from dorsal skin, highlighting its practicality for in vivo studies and -omics analyses. Furthermore, our results indicate that 65.6% of the responses to common cosmetic chemicals in vitro were recapitulated in a human trial. Therefore, SkinCom represents a valuable, standardized tool for investigating microbe-metabolite interactions and facilitates the experimental design of in vivo studies targeting host-microbe relationships.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lekbua, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiruppathy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Askarian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kousha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marotz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.01.596969</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synthetic skin microbial community (SkinCom) enables reproducible investigations of the human skin microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data-driven modeling of E. coli transcriptional regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The growth of bacterial gene expression datasets has offered unprecedented coverage of achievable transcriptomes, reflecting diverse activity states of the transcription regulatory network. Machine learning methods like Independent Component Analysis (ICA) can decompose gene expression datasets into regulatory modules and condition-specific regulator activities. Here, we present a workflow to utilize inferred regulator activities to construct quantitative models of promoter regulation in E. coli. Resulting models are validated by predicting condition-specific TF effector concentrations and binding site motif strength based on differential gene expression data alone. We show how reconstructed promoter models can capture multi-scale regulation and disentangle regulator interactions, including resolving the apparent paradox where argR expression is positively correlated with its regulon despite being a repressor. We applied the workflow for all regulator-linked components extracted by ICA, demonstrating the scalability of the workflow to capture the E. coli TRN. This work suggests a path toward systematic, quantitative reconstruction of transcription regulatory networks driven by the large-scale databases that are now available for many organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalldorf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data-driven modeling of E. coli transcriptional regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular Respiration is a Latent Energy Metabolism in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.30.596743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse microbial species utilize redox shuttles to exchange electrons with their environment through mediated extracellular electron transfer (EET). This process maintains redox homeostasis and supports anaerobic survival across diverse microbial communities. Although mediated EET has been extensively leveraged for bioelectrocatalysis and bioelectronics for decades, fundamental questions remain about how these redox shuttles are reduced within cells and their bioenergetic implications. This knowledge gap limits our understanding of the physiological roles of mediated EET in various microbes and hampers the development of efficient microbial electrochemical technologies. To address this, we developed a methodology integrating genome editing, electrochemistry, and systems biology to investigate the mechanism and bioenergetic implications of mediated EET in bacteria. Using this approach, we uncovered a mediated EET mechanism in Escherichia coli. In the absence of alternative electron sinks, the redox cycling of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ) via a cytoplasmic nitroreductase enabled E. coli to respire and grow on an extracellular electrode. Genome-scale metabolic modeling suggested that HNQ- mediated EET offers a more energetically favorable route for supporting anaerobic growth than canonical fermentation. Transcriptome analysis revealed redox perturbations in response to HNQ and identified rapid metabolic adaptations that support growth. This work demonstrates that E. coli can grow independently of classical electron transport chains and fermentative pathways, unveiling a new type of anaerobic energy metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kundu, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajo-Franklin, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular Respiration is a Latent Energy Metabolism in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cataract-prone variants of γD-crystallin populate a conformation with a partially unfolded N-terminal domain under native conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.01.596973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human {gamma}D-crystallin, a monomeric protein abundant in the eye lens nucleus, must remain stably folded for an individuals entire lifetime to avoid aggregation and protein deposition-associated cataract formation. {gamma}D-crystallin contains two homologous domains, an N-terminal domain (NTD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), which interact via a hydrophobic interface. A number of familial mutations in the gamma crystallin gene are linked to congenital early-onset cataract, most of which result in amino acid changes in the NTD. Several of these, such as V75D and W42R, are known to populate intermediates that, under partially denaturing conditions, possess a natively folded CTD and a completely unfolded NTD, with studies on W42R showing further evidence for a minor population of an intermediate under native conditions. We employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to probe the structural and energetic features of variants of {gamma}D-crystallin under both native and partially denaturing conditions. For V75D and W42R, we identify a species under native conditions that retains partial structure in the NTD and is structurally and energetically distinct from the intermediate populated under partially denaturing conditions. Residues at the NTD-CTD interface play crucial roles in stabilizing this intermediate, and disruption of interface contacts either by amino acid substitution or partial denaturation permits direct observation of two intermediates at the same time. The newly identified intermediate exposes hydrophobic amino acids that are buried in both the folded full-length protein and in the proteins stable isolated domains. Such non-native exposure of a hydrophobic patch may play an important role in cataract formation.

Significance StatementHuman {gamma}D-crystallin, which plays a structural role in the eye lens, is a long-lived protein that must remain folded for an individuals entire lifetime to avoid aggregation and protein deposition - associated cataract formation. By using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that two cataract-associated variants of {gamma}D-crystallin populate an intermediate with partial structure along the interface between its two domains under native conditions. In these intermediates, hydrophobic amino acids that are normally buried in the N-terminal domains native folded structure become exposed, possibly leading to aggregation and cataract formation. Our findings illustrate the importance of studying a proteins energy landscapes under conditions that are close to physiological.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Volz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malone, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guseman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronenborn, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marqusee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.01.596973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cataract-prone variants of γD-crystallin populate a conformation with a partially unfolded N-terminal domain under native conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.593639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frontotemporal dementia-like disease progression elicited by seeded aggregation and spread of FUS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.593639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA binding proteins have emerged as central players in the mechanisms of many neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, a proteinopathy of fused in sarcoma (FUS) is present in some instances of familial Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and about 10% of sporadic FTLD. Here we establish that focal injection of sonicated human FUS fibrils into brains of mice in which ALS-linked mutant or wild-type human FUS replaces endogenous mouse FUS is sufficient to induce focal cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of mutant and wild-type FUS which with time spreads to distal regions of the brain. Human FUS fibril-induced FUS aggregation in the mouse brain of humanized FUS mice is accelerated by an ALS-causing FUS mutant relative to wild-type human FUS. Injection of sonicated human FUS fibrils does not induce FUS aggregation and subsequent spreading after injection into naive mouse brains containing only mouse FUS, indicating a species barrier to human FUS aggregation and its prion-like spread. Fibril-induced human FUS aggregates recapitulate pathological features of FTLD including increased detergent insolubility of FUS and TAF15 and amyloid-like, cytoplasmic deposits of FUS that accumulate ubiquitin and p62, but not TDP-43. Finally, injection of sonicated FUS fibrils is shown to exacerbate age-dependent cognitive and behavioral deficits from mutant human FUS expression. Thus, focal seeded aggregation of FUS and further propagation through prion-like spread elicits FUS-proteinopathy and FTLD-like disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilkin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasset-Rosa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piol, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlonis-Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artates, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Govea-Perez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verresen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shorter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da Cruz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.593639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frontotemporal dementia-like disease progression elicited by seeded aggregation and spread of FUS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling ranked list enrichment scoring in sparse data elucidates algorithmic tradeoffs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.03.597180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is a method for quantifying pathway and process activation in groups of samples, and its single sample version (ssGSEA) scores activation using mRNA abundance in a single sample. GSEA and ssGSEA were developed for "bulk" samples rather than individual cell technologies such as microarrays and bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. The growing use of single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) raises the possibility of using ssGSEA to quantify pathway and process activation in individual cells. However, scRNA-seq data is much sparser than RNA-seq data. Here we show that ssGSEA as designed for bulk data is subject to some amount of score uncertainty and other technical issues when applied to individual cells from scRNA-seq data. We also show that a ssGSEA can be applied robustly to "pseudobulk" aggregate groups of a few hundred to a few thousand cells provided appropriate normalization is used. Finally, in comparing this approach to other ranked list enrichment methods, we find that the UCell method is most robust to sparsity. We have made the aggregate cell version of ssGSEA available as a Python package and GenePattern module and will also modularize UCell for use on GenePattern as well.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.03.597180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling ranked list enrichment scoring in sparse data elucidates algorithmic tradeoffs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Infusible Extracellular Matrix Biomaterial Improves Survival in a Model of Severe Systemic Inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excess systemic inflammation can often be lethal in septic and trauma patients due to onset of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). As of right now, there are no effective immunomodulatory therapeutics that can promote survival within this patient population. Pro-regenerative extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials have shown success for treatment of local inflammation but have not been fully explored for treating systemic inflammation. Here, we demonstrate efficacy of an intravenously delivered infusible ECM (iECM) material, which promotes increased survival in a murine model of MODS by decreasing systemic mediators of inflammation. Lung and kidney failure are associated with higher mortality in MODS compared to other organ failures, and we demonstrate that iECM localizes primarily to kidney and lung tissues during systemic inflammation induced by endotoxin. iECM successfully lowered vascular permeability within lung tissue and lowered levels of inflammatory cytokine signaling such as IL-6, verified via ELISA and gene expression analyses. We also demonstrated that immune cell infiltration into lung tissue was modulated with iECM treatment, with an increase in neutrophil retention in the lung and decreases in pro-inflammatory macrophage presence. In summation, iECM improves survival from severe systemic inflammation by decreasing the local and systemic inflammatory signaling pathways that contribute to MODS. These results provide a strong rationale for translational studies of iECM treatment in systemic inflammatory syndromes, including sepsis and trauma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karkanitsa, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesfin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spang, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintero, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadtler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.05.597616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Infusible Extracellular Matrix Biomaterial Improves Survival in a Model of Severe Systemic Inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spectrin condensates provide a nidus for assembling the periodic axonal structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coordinated assembly of individual components into higher-order structures is a defining theme in biology, but underlying principles are not well-understood. In neurons, /{beta} spectrins, adducin, and actinfilaments assemble into a lattice wrapping underneath the axonal plasma membrane, but mechanistic events leading to this periodic axonal structure (PAS) are unclear. Visualizing PAS components in axons as they develop, we found focal patches in distal axons containing spectrins and adducin (but sparse actin filaments) with biophysical properties reminiscent of biomolecular condensation. Overexpressing spectrin-repeats - constituents of /{beta}-spectrins - in heterologous cells triggered condensate formation, and preventing association of {beta}II-spectrin with actin-filaments/membranes also facilitated condensation. Finally, overexpressing condensate-triggering spectrin repeats in neurons before PAS establishment disrupted the lattice, presumably by competing with innate assembly, supporting a functional role for biomolecular condensation. We propose a condensation-assembly model where PAS components form focal phase-separated condensates that eventually unfurl into a stable lattice-structure by associating with subplasmalemmal actin. By providing local  depots of assembly parts, biomolecular condensation may play a wider role in the construction of intricate cytoskeletal structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiesner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delamare, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pelletier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leterrier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.05.597638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spectrin condensates provide a nidus for assembling the periodic axonal structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive multimodal and multiomic profiling reveals epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in lung tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenomic mechanisms are critically involved in mediation of genetic and environmental factors that underlie cancer development. Histone modifications represent highly informative epigenomic marks that reveal activation and repression of gene activities and dysregulation of transcriptional control due to tumorigenesis. Here, we present a comprehensive epigenomic and transcriptomic mapping of 18 tumor and 20 non-neoplastic tissues from non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our profiling covers 5 histone marks including activating (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, and H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) marks and the transcriptome using only 20 mg of tissue per sample, enabled by low-input omic technologies. Using advanced integrative bioinformatic analysis, we uncovered cancer-driving signaling cascade networks, changes in 3D genome modularity, and differential expression and functionalities of transcription factors and noncoding RNAs. Many of these identified genes and regulatory molecules showed no significant change in their expression or a single epigenomic modality, emphasizing the power of integrative multimodal and multiomic analysis using patient samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.06.597667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive multimodal and multiomic profiling reveals epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in lung tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of Core Stress Granule Protein Aggregates Promotes CNS Axon Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Depletion or inhibition of core stress granule proteins, G3BP1 in mammals and TIAR-2 in C. elegans, increases axon regeneration in injured neurons, showing spontaneous regeneration. Inhibition of G3BP1 by expression of its acidic or  B-domain accelerates axon regeneration after nerve injury, bringing a potential therapeutic intervention to promote neural repair in the peripheral nervous system. Here, we asked if G3BP1 inhibition is a viable strategy to promote regeneration in injured mammalian central nervous system where axons do not regenerate spontaneously. G3BP1 B-domain expression was found to promote axon regeneration in the transected spinal cord provided with a permissive peripheral nerve graft (PNG) as well as in crushed optic nerve. Moreover, a cell-permeable peptide (CPP) to a subregion of B-domain (rodent G3BP1 amino acids 190-208) accelerated axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury and promoted regrowth of reticulospinal axons into the distal transected spinal cord through a bridging PNG. G3BP1 CPP promoted axon growth from rodent and human neurons cultured on permissive substrates, and this function required alternating Glu/Asp-Pro repeats that impart a unique predicted tertiary structure. The G3BP1 CPP disassembles axonal G3BP1, G3BP2, and FMRP, but not FXR1, granules and selectively increases axonal protein synthesis in cortical neurons. These studies identify G3BP1 granules as a key regulator of axon growth in CNS neurons and demonstrate that disassembly of these granules promotes retinal axon regeneration in injured optic nerve and reticulospinal axon elongation into permissive environments after CNS injury. This work highlights G3BP1 granule disassembly as a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing axon growth and neural repair.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe central nervous system (CNS) axon does not have the capacity for spontaneous axon regeneration, as seen in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We previously showed that stress granule-like aggregates of G3BP1 are present in uninjured PNS axons, and these slow nerve regeneration. We now report that CNS axons contain G3BP1 granules, and G3BP1 granule disassembling strategies promote axon regeneration in the injured sciatic nerve, transected spinal cord with a peripheral nerve graft, and injured optic nerve. Thus, G3BP1 granules are a barrier to axon regeneration and can be targeted for stimulating neural repair following traumatic injury, including in the regeneration refractory CNS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanovice, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SiMa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulin, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughn, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuszynski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welshhans, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benowitz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houle, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twiss, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of Core Stress Granule Protein Aggregates Promotes CNS Axon Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597901v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimization of systemic AAV9 gene therapy in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597901v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathological variants in NPC1, which encodes a lysosomal cholesterol transporter. FDA-approved treatments are limited and do not target the underlying genetic defect. Both systemic and central nervous system (CNS) delivery of AAV9-hNPC1 have shown significant disease amelioration in NPC1 murine models. To assess the impact of dose in null Npc1m1N/m1N mice, we systemically administered three different doses of AAV9-hNPC1 at 4 weeks old. Then, to assess the impact of age, we administered the medium dose before phenotypic onset or at early- or late-stage of disease progression (4, 6 or 8 weeks old, respectively). Higher vector doses and earlier treatment were associated with significantly increased lifespan, slower disease progression, and enhanced CNS transduction. In Npc1I1061T/I1061T mice, a model recapitulating a common human hypomorphic variant, similar benefits ensued. Our findings help define dose ranges, treatment ages, and efficacy in hypomorphic models of NPC1 deficiency and suggest that higher doses of AAV9-hNPC1 in pre-symptomatic disease states are likely to yield better outcomes in NPC1 individuals.

Summary BlurbSystemic AAV9-hNPC1 gene therapy in null Npc1m1N mice at higher doses or with earlier administration and treatment of hypomorphic Npc1I1061T mice delays disease progression and increases lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mylvara, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Incao, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnyk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre-Jacques, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cologna, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venditti, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavan, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597901</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimization of systemic AAV9 gene therapy in Niemann-Pick disease type C1 mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ventral tegmental area interneurons revisited: GABA and glutamate projection neurons make local synapses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains projection neurons that release the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA, and/or glutamate from distal synapses. VTA also contains GABA neurons that synapse locally on to dopamine neurons, synapses widely credited to a population of so-called VTA interneurons. Interneurons in cortex, striatum, and elsewhere have well-defined morphological features, physiological properties, and molecular markers, but such features have not been clearly described in VTA. Indeed, there is scant evidence that local and distal synapses originate from separate populations of VTA GABA neurons. In this study we tested whether several markers expressed in non-dopamine VTA neurons are selective markers of interneurons, defined as neurons that synapse locally but not distally. Challenging previous assumptions, we found that VTA neurons genetically defined by expression of parvalbumin, somatostatin, neurotensin, or mu-opioid receptor project to known VTA targets including nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, lateral habenula, and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, we provide evidence that VTA GABA and glutamate projection neurons make functional inhibitory or excitatory synapses locally within VTA. These findings suggest that local collaterals of VTA projection neurons could mediate functions prior attributed to VTA interneurons. This study underscores the need for a refined understanding of VTA connectivity to explain how heterogeneous VTA circuits mediate diverse functions related to reward, motivation, or addiction.

Significance statementGABA neurons in VTA are key regulators of VTA dopamine neurons and considered central to the mechanisms by which opioids and other drugs of abuse can induce addiction. Conventionally, these VTA GABA neurons are considered interneurons, but GABA projection neurons are also abundant in VTA, and it is unclear if these represent separate populations. We found that several markers enriched in non-dopamine neurons of VTA, including Mu-opioid receptor, are also expressed in projection neurons, and thus are not selective interneuron markers. Moreover, we found that VTA GABA and glutamate projection neurons collateralize within VTA where they make local synapses. These data challenge the notion of a VTA interneuron that synapses only within VTA and suggest that inhibitory projection neurons can serve functions previously attributed to VTA interneurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oriol, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kollman, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlat, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ventral tegmental area interneurons revisited: GABA and glutamate projection neurons make local synapses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.598014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Pangenome of Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.598014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thousands of complete genome sequences for strains of a species that are now available enable the advancement of pangenome analytics to a new level of sophistication. We collected 2,377 publicly-available complete genomes of Escherichia coli for detailed pangenome analysis. The core genome and accessory genomes consisted of 2,398 and 5,182 genes, respectively. We developed a machine learning approach to define the accessory genes characterizing the major phylogroups of E. coli plus Shigella: A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, and Shigella. The analysis resulted in a detailed structure of the genetic basis of the phylogroups differential traits. This pangenome structure was largely consistent with a housekeeping-gene-based MLST distribution, sequence-based Mash distance, and the Clermont quadruplex classification. The rare genome consisted of 163,619 genes, about 79% of which represented variations of 315 underlying transposon elements. This analysis generated a mathematical definition of the genetic basis for a species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardalani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.598014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Pangenome of Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.598099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long term rescue of Alzheimer deficits in vivo by one-time gene-editing of App C-terminus. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.08.598099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene-editing technologies promise to create a new class of therapeutics that can achieve permanent correction with a single intervention. Besides eliminating mutant alleles in familial disease, gene-editing can also be used to favorably manipulate upstream pathophysiologic events and alter disease-course in wider patient populations, but few such feasible therapeutic avenues have been reported. Here we use CRISPR-Cas9 to edit the last exon of amyloid precursor protein (App), relevant for Alzheimers disease (AD). Our strategy effectively eliminates an endocytic (YENPTY) motif at APP C-terminus, while preserving the N-terminus and compensatory APP-homologues. This manipulation favorably alters events along the amyloid-pathway - inhibiting toxic APP-{beta}-cleavage fragments (including A{beta}) and upregulating neuroprotective APP--cleavage products. AAV-driven editing ameliorates neuropathologic, electrophysiologic, and behavioral deficits in an AD knockin mouse model. Effects persist for many months, and no abnormalities are seen in WT mice even after germline App-editing; underlining overall efficacy and safety. Pathologic alterations in the glial-transcriptome of App-KI mice, as seen by single nuclei RNA-sequencing (sNuc-Seq), are also normalized by App C-terminus editing. Our strategy takes advantage of innate transcriptional rules that render terminal exons insensitive to nonsense-decay, and the upstream manipulation is expected to be effective for all forms of AD. These studies offer a path for a one-time disease-modifying treatment for AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aulston, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazick, H. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramar, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzo, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parra-Rivas, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branes-Guerrero, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagheri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satyadev, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson-Stevermer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saido, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Audhya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zylka, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.08.598099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long term rescue of Alzheimer deficits in vivo by one-time gene-editing of App C-terminus.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597819v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
nipalsMCIA: Flexible Multi-Block Dimensionality Reduction in R via Nonlinear Iterative Partial Least Squares 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597819v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWith the increased reliance on multi-omics data for bulk and single cell analyses, the availability of robust approaches to perform unsupervised analysis for clustering, visualization, and feature selection is imperative. Joint dimensionality reduction methods can be applied to multi-omics datasets to derive a global sample embedding analogous to single-omic techniques such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Multiple co-inertia analysis (MCIA) is a method for joint dimensionality reduction that maximizes the covariance between block- and global-level embeddings. Current implementations for MCIA are not optimized for large datasets such such as those arising from single cell studies, and lack capabilities with respect to embedding new data.

ResultsWe introduce nipalsMCIA, an MCIA implementation that solves the objective function using an extension to Non-linear Iterative Partial Least Squares (NIPALS), and shows significant speed-up over earlier implementations that rely on eigendecompositions for single cell multi-omics data. It also removes the dependence on an eigendecomposition for calculating the variance explained, and allows users to perform out-of-sample embedding for new data. nipalsMCIA provides users with a variety of pre-processing and parameter options, as well as ease of functionality for down-stream analysis of single-omic and global-embedding factors.

AvailabilitynipalsMCIA is available as a BioConductor package at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/nipalsMCIA.html, and includes detailed documentation and application vignettes. Supplementary Materials are available online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mattessich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aron, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinstein, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konstorum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597819</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[nipalsMCIA: Flexible Multi-Block Dimensionality Reduction in R via Nonlinear Iterative Partial Least Squares]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.09.598137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine-driven Increase in IL-1β in Myeloid Cells is Mediated by Differential Dopamine Receptor Expression and Exacerbated by HIV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.09.598137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine is classically known for regulation of central nervous system (CNS) functions such as reward, movement, and cognition. Increasing evidence also indicates that dopamine regulates critical functions in peripheral organs and is an important immunoregulatory factor. We have previously shown that dopamine increases NF-{kappa}B activity, inflammasome activation, and the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1{beta} in human macrophages. As myeloid lineage cells are central to the initiation and resolution of acute inflammatory responses, dopamine-mediated dysregulation of these functions could both impair the innate immune response and exacerbate chronic inflammation. However, the exact pathways by which dopamine drives myeloid inflammation are not well defined, and studies in both rodent and human systems indicate that dopamine can impact the production of inflammatory mediators through both D1-like dopamine receptors (DRD1, DRD5) and D2-like dopamine receptors (DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4). Therefore, we hypothesized that dopamine-mediated production of IL-1{beta} in myeloid cells is regulated by the ratio of different dopamine receptors that are activated. Our data in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) indicate that DRD1 expression is necessary for dopamine-mediated increases in IL-1{beta}, and that changes in the expression of DRD2 and other dopamine receptors can alter the magnitude of the dopamine-mediated increase in IL-1{beta}. Mature hMDM have a high D1-like to D2-like receptor ratio, which is different relative to monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We further confirm in human microglia cell lines that a high ratio of D1-like to D2-like receptors promotes dopamine-induced increases in IL-1{beta} gene and protein expression using pharmacological inhibition or overexpression of dopamine receptors. RNA-sequencing of dopamine-treated microglia shows that genes encoding functions in IL-1{beta} signaling pathways, microglia activation, and neurotransmission increased with dopamine treatment. Finally, using HIV as an example of a chronic inflammatory disease that is substantively worsened by comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) that impact dopaminergic signaling, we show increased effects of dopamine on inflammasome activation and IL-1{beta} in the presence of HIV in both human macrophages and microglia. These data suggest that use of addictive substances and dopamine-modulating therapeutics could dysregulate the innate inflammatory response and exacerbate chronic neuroimmunological conditions like HIV. Thus, a detailed understanding of dopamine-mediated changes in inflammation, in particular pathways regulating IL-1{beta}, will be critical to effectively tailor medication regimens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manikandan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Channer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oteju, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canagarajah, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LuPone, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mompho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Runner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickoloff-Bybel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaskill, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.09.598137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine-driven Increase in IL-1β in Myeloid Cells is Mediated by Differential Dopamine Receptor Expression and Exacerbated by HIV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromogranin A Deficiency Attenuates Tauopathy by Altering Epinephrine Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our previous studies have indicated that insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in aged wild-type (WT) mice can be reversed in mice lacking chromogranin-A (CgA-KO mice). These health conditions are associated with a higher risk of Alzheimers disease (AD). CgA, a neuroendocrine secretory protein has been detected in protein aggregates in the brains of AD patients. Here, we determined the role of CgA in tauopathies, including AD (secondary tauopathy) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD, primary tauopathy). We found elevated levels of CgA in both AD and CBD brains, which were positively correlated with increased phosphorylated tau in the frontal cortex. Furthermore, CgA ablation in a human P301S tau (hTau) transgenic mice (CgA-KO/hTau) exhibited reduced tau aggregation, resistance to tau spreading, and an extended lifespan, coupled with improved cognitive function. Transcriptomic analysis of mice cortices highlighted altered levels of alpha-adrenergic receptors (Adra) in hTau mice compared to WT mice, akin to AD patients. Since CgA regulates the release of the Adra ligands epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE), we determined their levels and found elevated EPI levels in the cortices of hTau mice, AD and CBD patients. CgA-KO/hTau mice exhibited reversal of EPI levels in the cortex and the expression of several affected genes, including Adra1 and 2, nearly returning them to WT levels. Treatment of hippocampal slice cultures with EPI or an Adra1 agonist intensified, while an Adra1 antagonist inhibited, tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. These findings reveal a critical role of CgA in regulation of tau pathogenesis via the EPI-Adra signaling axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Mayorga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahabi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickson, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromogranin A Deficiency Attenuates Tauopathy by Altering Epinephrine Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Missing data approaches for longitudinal neuroimaging research: Examples from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper addresses the challenges of managing missing values within expansive longitudinal neu-roimaging datasets, using the specific example of data derived from the Adolescent Brain and Cog-nitive Development (ABCD(R)) study. The conventional listwise deletion method, while widely used, is not recommended due to the risk that substantial bias can potentially be introduced with this method. Unfortunately, recommended alternative practices can be challenging to implement with large data sets. In this paper, we advocate for the adoption of more sophisticated statistical method-ologies, including multiple imputation, propensity score weighting, and full information maximum likelihood (FIML). Through practical examples and code using (ABCD(R)) data, we illustrate some of the benefits and challenges of these methods, with a review of how these advanced methodolo-gies bolster the robustness of analyses and contribute to the integrity of research findings in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gard, A. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Missing data approaches for longitudinal neuroimaging research: Examples from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small nuclear RNAs enhance protein-free RNA-programmable base conversion on mammalian coding transcripts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.12.598766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endogenous U small nuclear RNAs (U snRNAs) form RNA-protein complexes responsible for eukaryotic processing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of guide-programmable U snRNAs in targeted exon inclusion and exclusion. We investigated whether snRNAs can also enhance conversion of RNA bases over state-of-the-art RNA targeting technologies in human cells. When compared to adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)-recruiting circular RNAs, we find that guided A>I snRNAs consistently increase adenosine-to-inosine editing efficiency for genes with higher exon counts, perturb substantially fewer genes in the transcriptome, and localize more persistently to the nucleus where ADAR is expressed. A>I snRNAs can also edit pre-mRNA 3' splice sites to promote splicing changes. Finally, snRNA fusions to H/ACA box snoRNAs (U>{Psi} snRNAs) increase targeted RNA pseudouridylation efficiency. Altogether, our results advance the protein-free RNA base conversion toolbox and enhance minimally invasive RNA targeting technologies to treat genetic diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smargon, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glynne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomberg, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.12.598766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small nuclear RNAs enhance protein-free RNA-programmable base conversion on mammalian coding transcripts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.597128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reverse engineering neuron type-specific and type-orthogonal splicing-regulatory networks using single-cell transcriptomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.597128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell type-specific alternative splicing (AS) enables differential gene isoform expression between diverse neuron types with distinct identities and functions. Current studies linking individual RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to AS in a few neuron types underscore the need for holistic modeling. Here, we use network reverse engineering to derive a map of the neuron type-specific AS regulatory landscape from 133 mouse neocortical cell types defined by single-cell transcriptomes. This approach reliably inferred the regulons of 350 RBPs and their cell type-specific activities. Our analysis revealed driving factors delineating neuronal identities, among which we validated Elavl2 as a key RBP for MGE-specific splicing in GABAergic interneurons using an in vitro ESC differentiation system. We also identified a module of exons and candidate regulators specific for long- and short-projection neurons across multiple neuronal classes. This study provides a resource for elucidating splicing regulatory programs that drive neuronal molecular diversity, including those that do not align with gene expression-based classifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moakley, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anglada-Girotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Au, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.13.597128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reverse engineering neuron type-specific and type-orthogonal splicing-regulatory networks using single-cell transcriptomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PSSR2: a user-friendly Python package for democratizing deep learning-based point-scanning super-resolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PSSR2 improves and expands on the previously established PSSR (Point-Scanning Super-Resolution) workflow for simultaneous super-resolution and denoising of undersampled microscopy data. PSSR2 is designed to put state-of-the-art technology into the hands of the general microscopy and biology research community, enabling user-friendly implementation of PSSR workflows with little to no programming experience required, especially through its integrated CLI and Napari plugin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stites, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.16.599221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PSSR2: a user-friendly Python package for democratizing deep learning-based point-scanning super-resolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.599073v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Weighted variance component test for the integrative multi-omics analysis of microbiome data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.599073v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic dysregulation and alterations have been linked to various diseases and conditions. Innovations in high-throughput technology now allow rapid profiling of the metabolome and metagenome -- often the gene content of bacterial populations -- for characterizing metabolism. Due to the small sample sizes and high dimensionality of the data, pathway analysis (wherein the effect of multiple genes or metabolites on an outcome is cumulatively assessed) of metabolomic data is commonly conducted and also represents a standard for metagenomic analysis. However, how to integrate both data types remains unclear. Recognizing that a metabolic pathway can be complementarily characterized by both metagenomics and metabolomics, we propose a weighted variance components framework to test if the joint effect of genes and metabolites in a biological pathway is associated with outcomes. The approach allows analytic p-value calculation, correlation between data types, and optimal weighting. Power simulations show that our approach often outperforms other strategies while maintaining type I error. The approach is illustrated on real data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams-Nguyen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burk, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.14.599073</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Weighted variance component test for the integrative multi-omics analysis of microbiome data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increasing certainty in systems biology models using Bayesian multimodel inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mathematical models are indispensable to the system biology toolkit for studying the structure and behavior of intracellular signaling networks. A common approach to modeling is to develop a system of equations that encode the known biology using approximations and simplifying assumptions. As a result, the same signaling pathway can be represented by multiple models, each with its set of underlying assumptions, which opens up challenges for model selection and decreases certainty in model predictions. Here, we use Bayesian multimodel inference to develop a framework to increase certainty in systems biology models. Using models of the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, we first show that multimodel inference increases predictive certainty and yields predictors that are robust to changes in the set of available models. We then show that predictions made with multi-model inference are robust to data uncertainties introduced by decreasing the measurement duration and reducing the sample size. Finally, we use multimodel inference to identify a new model to explain experimentally measured sub-cellular location-specific ERK activity dynamics. In summary, our framework highlights multimodel inference as a disciplined approach to increasing the certainty of intracellular signaling activity predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linden-Santangeli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.16.599231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increasing certainty in systems biology models using Bayesian multimodel inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Densely sampled stimulus-response map of human cortex with single pulse TMS-EEG and its relation to whole brain neuroimaging measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale networks underpin brain functions. How such networks respond to focal stimulation can help decipher complex brain processes and optimize brain stimulation treatments. To map such stimulation-response patterns across the brain non-invasively, we recorded concurrent EEG responses from single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (i.e., TMS-EEG) from over 100 cortical regions with two orthogonal coil orientations from one densely-sampled individual. We also acquired Human Connectome Project (HCP)-styled diffusion imaging scans (six), resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans (120 mins), resting-state EEG scans (108 mins), and structural MR scans (T1- and T2-weighted). Using the TMS-EEG data, we applied network science-based community detection to reveal insights about the brains causal-functional organization from both a stimulation and recording perspective. We also computed structural and functional maps and the electric field of each TMS stimulation condition. Altogether, we hope the release of this densely sampled (n=1) dataset will be a uniquely valuable resource for both basic and clinical neuroscience research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cline, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menezes, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badami, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daskalakis, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saggar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.16.599236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Densely sampled stimulus-response map of human cortex with single pulse TMS-EEG and its relation to whole brain neuroimaging measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.599318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Posterior parietal cortex maps progress along routes sharing the same meta-structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.599318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons of posterior parietal cortex were recorded as rats performed a working memory task within a network of intersecting paths. The specific routes utilized in task performance provided opportunity to contrast responses of posterior parietal cortex sub-populations to linear and angular velocity with more complex responses that map route progress. We found evidence for the presence of posterior parietal cortex neurons that generalize in their firing patterns across routes having the same shape but opposite action series. The results indicate that posterior parietal cortex has the capacity to generalize the mapping of route progress independent of the specific actions taken to move through those routes. We suggest that such encoding can form the basis for learning the meta-structural organization of a non-random path network structure, such as that commonly found in cities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.17.599318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Posterior parietal cortex maps progress along routes sharing the same meta-structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.599381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VASCilia (Vision Analysis StereoCilia): A Napari Plugin for Deep Learning-Based 3D Analysis of Cochlear Hair Cell Stereocilia Bundles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.17.599381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cochlear hair cells are essential for hearing, and their stereocilia bundles are critical for mechanotransduction. However, analyzing the 3D morphology of these bundles can be challenging due to their complex organization and the presence of other cellular structures in the tissue. To address this, we developed VASCilia (Vision Analysis StereoCilia), a Napari plugin suite that automates the analysis of 3D confocal microscopy datasets of phalloidin-stained cochlear hair cell bundles. VASCilia includes five deep learning-based models that streamline the analysis process, including: (1) Z-Focus Tracker (ZFT) for selecting relevant slices in a 3D image stack; (2) PCPAlignNet (Planar Cell Polarity Alignment Network) for automated orientation of image stacks; (3) a segmentation model for identifying and delineating stereocilia bundles; (4) a tonotopic Position Prediction tool; and (5) a classification tool for identifying hair cell subtypes. In addition, VASCilia provides automated computational tools and measurement capabilities. Using VASCilia, we demonstrate its utility on challenging datasets, including neonatal wildtype and Eps8 KO 5-day old mice), revealing that total actin content does not necessarily scale with bundle height. We further showcase its power by quantifying complex bundle disorganization in Cdh23-/- cochleae via texture analysis, which revealed systematically more heterogeneous and less regular bundles than in controls. These novel biological findings demonstrate the power of VASCilia in facilitating detailed quantitative analysis of stereocilia. VASCilia also provides a user-friendly interface that allows researchers to easily navigate and use the tool, with the added capability to reload all their analyses for review or sharing purposes. We believe that VASCilia will be a valuable resource for researchers studying cochlear hair cell development and function, addressing a longstanding need in the hair cell research community for specialized deep learning-based tools capable of high-throughput image quantitation. We have released our code along with a manually annotated dataset that includes approximately 55 3D stacks featuring instance segmentation (https://github.com/ucsdmanorlab/Napari-VASCilia). This dataset comprises a total of 502 inner and 1,703 outer hair cell bundles annotated in 3D. As the first open-source dataset of its kind, we aim to establish a foundational resource for constructing a comprehensive atlas of cochlea hair cell images. Ultimately, this initiative will support the development of foundational models adaptable to various species, markers, and imaging scales to accelerate advances within the hearing research community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kassim, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Shammaa, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninoyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indzhykulian, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.17.599381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VASCilia (Vision Analysis StereoCilia): A Napari Plugin for Deep Learning-Based 3D Analysis of Cochlear Hair Cell Stereocilia Bundles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenic Bacteroides fragilis strains can emerge from gut-resident commensals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteroides fragilis is a prominent member of the human gut microbiota, playing crucial roles in maintaining gut homeostasis and host health. Although it primarily functions as a beneficial commensal, B. fragilis can become pathogenic. To determine the genetic basis of its duality, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis of 813 B. fragilis strains, representing both commensal and pathogenic origins. Our findings reveal that pathogenic strains emerge across diverse phylogenetic lineages, due in part to rapid gene exchange and the adaptability of the accessory genome. We identified 16 phylogenetic groups, differentiated by genes associated with capsule composition, interspecies competition, and host interactions. A microbial genome-wide association study identified 44 genes linked to extra-intestinal survival and pathogenicity. These findings reveal how genomic diversity within commensal species can lead to the emergence of pathogenic traits, broadening our understanding of microbial evolution in the gut.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oles, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terrazas, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loomis, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulchakrabarti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez Ayala, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tribelhorn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belda-Ferre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandborn, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivagnanam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.19.599758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenic Bacteroides fragilis strains can emerge from gut-resident commensals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell of origin alters myeloid-mediated immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.19.599651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Solid carcinomas are often highly heterogenous cancers, arising from multiple epithelial cells of origin. Yet, how the cell of origin influences the response of the tumor microenvironment is poorly understood. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) arises in the distal alveolar epithelium which is populated primarily by alveolar epithelial type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells. It has been previously reported that Gramd2+ AT1 cells can give rise to a histologically-defined LUAD that is distinct in pathology and transcriptomic identity from that arising from Sftpc+ AT2 cells1,2. To determine how cells of origin influence the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) landscape, we comprehensively characterized transcriptomic, molecular, and cellular states within the TIME of Gramd2+ AT1 and Sftpc+ AT2-derived LUAD using KRASG12D oncogenic driver mouse models. Myeloid cells within the Gramd2+AT1-derived LUAD TIME were increased, specifically, immunoreactive monocytes and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). In contrast, the Sftpc+ AT2 LUAD TIME was enriched for Arginase-1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and TAMs expressing profiles suggestive of immunosuppressive function. Validation of immune infiltration was performed using flow cytometry, and intercellular interaction analysis between the cells of origin and major myeloid cell populations indicated that cell-type specific markers SFTPD in AT2 cells and CAV1 in AT1 cells mediated unique interactions with myeloid cells of the differential immunosuppressive states within each cell of origin mouse model. Taken together, Gramd2+ AT1-derived LUAD presents with an anti-tumor, immunoreactive TIME, while the TIME of Sftpc+ AT2-derived LUAD has hallmarks of immunosuppression. This study suggests that LUAD cell of origin influences the composition and suppression status of the TIME landscape and may hold critical implications for patient response to immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulkin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arvanitis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, E. T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconett, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.19.599651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell of origin alters myeloid-mediated immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.24.600393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epistasis between N-terminal and receptor-binding domains drives cell entry in a bat coronavirus spike 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.24.600393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the zoonotic risks posed by bat coronaviruses (CoVs) is critical for pandemic preparedness. Herein, we generated recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSVs) bearing spikes from divergent bat CoVs to investigate their cell entry mechanisms. Unexpectedly, the successful recovery of rVSVs bearing the spike from SHC014, a SARS-like bat CoV, was associated with the acquisition of a novel substitution in the S2 fusion peptide-proximal region (FPPR). This substitution enhanced viral entry in both VSV and coronavirus contexts by increasing the availability of the spike receptor-binding domain to recognize its cellular receptor, ACE2. A second substitution in the spike N-terminal domain, uncovered through forward-genetic selection, interacted epistatically with the FPPR substitution to synergistically enhance spike:ACE2 interaction and viral entry. Our findings identify genetic pathways for adaptation by bat CoVs during spillover and host-to-host transmission, fitness trade-offs inherent to these pathways, and potential Achilles heels that could be targeted with countermeasures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tse, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acreman, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ricardo-Lax, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrigan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balogun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClain, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemeunier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jangra, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLellan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.24.600393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epistasis between N-terminal and receptor-binding domains drives cell entry in a bat coronavirus spike]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advancing coral micropropagation for coral restoration and reef engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the face of escalating threats posed by human-induced climate change, urgent attention to coral reef restoration is imperative due to ongoing reef degradation. Here, we explored the potential of generating coral micropropagates as a tool to rapidly generate coral tissue for reef restoration and reef engineering. We developed a hypersalinity-induced polyp bailout protocol and a simple attachment device to support the growth of micropropagates on commonly used restoration substrates. We found that hypersalinity induction, at a rate of < 1 ppt hr-1, produced healthy micropropagates of the coral Stylophora pistillata. The highest attachment success ([~]74%) was achieved in CaCO3 substrate devices, which outperformed PVC ([~]5%) and Portland cement ([~]48%). Settled micropropagates displayed rapid growth rates on both CaCO3 (0.037 mm2/day {+/-} 0.002 SE) and PVC (0.057 mm2/day {+/-} 0.008 SE) substrates, while Portland cement induced tissue degradation. Our study provides a detailed methodology for reliably generating, attaching, and growing coral micropropagates and underscores the potential of polyp bailout as a viable technique supporting coral restoration and reef engineering efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo-Martinez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.25.600690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advancing coral micropropagation for coral restoration and reef engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A large-scale optogenetic neurophysiology platform for improving accessibility in NHP behavioral experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optogenetics has been a powerful scientific tool for two decades, yet its integration with non-human primate (NHP) electrophysiology has been limited due to several technical challenges. These include a lack of electrode arrays capable of supporting large-scale and long-term optical access, inaccessible viral vector delivery methods for transfection of large regions of cortex, a paucity of hardware designed for large-scale patterned cortical illumination, and limited designs for multi-modal experimentation. To address these gaps, we introduce a highly accessible platform integrating optogenetics and electrophysiology for behavioral and neural modulation with neurophysiological recording in NHPs. We employed this platform in two rhesus macaques and showcased its capability of optogenetically disrupting reaches, while simultaneously monitoring ongoing electrocorticography activity underlying the stimulation-induced behavioral changes. The platform exhibits long-term stability and functionality, thereby facilitating large-scale electrophysiology, optical imaging, and optogenetics over months, which is crucial for translationally relevant multi-modal studies of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/600719v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griggs, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazdan-Shahmorad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.25.600719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A large-scale optogenetic neurophysiology platform for improving accessibility in NHP behavioral experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MICAL2 Is a Super Enhancer Associated Gene that Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.26.600548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid cancers and thus identifying more effective therapies is a major unmet need. In this study we characterized the super enhancer (SE) landscape of human PDAC to identify novel, potentially targetable, drivers of the disease. Our analysis revealed that MICAL2 is a super enhancer-associated gene in human PDAC. MICAL2 is a flavin monooxygenase that induces actin depolymerization and indirectly promotes SRF transcription by modulating the availability of serum response factor coactivators myocardin related transcription factors (MRTF-A and MRTF-B). We found that MICAL2 is overexpressed in PDAC and correlates with poor patient prognosis. Transcriptional analysis revealed that MICAL2 upregulates KRAS and EMT signaling pathways, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. In loss and gain of function experiments in human and mouse PDAC cells, we observed that MICAL2 promotes both ERK1/2 and AKT activation. Consistent with its role in actin depolymerization and KRAS signaling, loss of MICAL2 expression also inhibited macropinocytosis. Through in vitro phenotypic analyses, we show that MICAL2, MRTF-A and MRTF-B influence PDAC cell proliferation, migration and promote cell cycle progression. Importantly, we demonstrate that MICAL2 is essential for in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, we find that MRTF-B, but not MRTF-A, phenocopies MICAL2-driven phenotypes in vivo. This study highlights the multiple ways in which MICAL2 impacts PDAC biology and suggests that its inhibition may impede PDAC progression. Our results provide a foundation for future investigations into the role of MICAL2 in PDAC and its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh Babu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mose, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sood, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martsinkovskiy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaquish, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D Ippolito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austgen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orlando, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodfellow, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Commisso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.26.600548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MICAL2 Is a Super Enhancer Associated Gene that Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endosomal actin branching, fission and receptor recycling require FCHSD2 recruitment by MICAL-L1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.601011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endosome fission is required for the release of carrier vesicles and the recycling of receptors to the plasma membrane. Early events in endosome budding and fission rely on actin branching to constrict the endosomal membrane, ultimately leading to nucleotide hydrolysis and enzymatic fission. However, our current understanding of this process is limited, particularly regarding the coordination between the early and late steps of endosomal fission. Here we have identified a novel interaction between the endosomal scaffolding protein, MICAL-L1, and the human homolog of the Drosophila Nervous Wreck (Nwk) protein, FCH and double SH3 domains protein 2 (FCHSD2). We demonstrate that MICAL-L1 recruits FCHSD2 to the endosomal membrane, where it is required for ARP2/3-mediated generation of branched actin, endosome fission and receptor recycling to the plasma membrane. Since MICAL-L1 first recruits FCHSD2 to the endosomal membrane, and is subsequently responsible for recruitment of the ATPase and fission protein EHD1 to endosomes, our findings support a model in which MICAL-L1 orchestrates endosomal fission by connecting between the early actin-driven and subsequent nucleotide hydrolysis steps of the process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frisby, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murakonda, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhawan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida-Souza, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naslavsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.601011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endosomal actin branching, fission and receptor recycling require FCHSD2 recruitment by MICAL-L1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Break-induced replication is activated to repair R-loop-associated double-strand breaks in SETX-deficient cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary role of break-induced replication (BIR) is to repair single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) generated at broken replication forks and eroding telomeres. In this study, we demonstrated that when senataxin (SETX), an RNA/DNA helicase, is defective, hyper-recombination using the BIR mechanism is induced at R-loops/hybrids-accumulated double-ended DSBs (deDSBs), uncovering a role for BIR in repair of R-loops/hybrids-associated deDSBs. Intriguingly, the loss of SETX not only triggers non-canonical hyper-end resection requiring RAD52 and XPF, but also stalls Pol-primase-initiated end-fill DNA synthesis due to the accumulation of RNA/DNA hybrids on single-strand DNA (ssDNA) overhangs at deDSBs. This conflict between fill-in DNA synthesis and accumulated hybrids induces PCNA ubiquitination and PIF1 loading, thereby initiating the BIR mechanism at deDSBs. Hyper-resection further enhances PCNA ubiquitination and PIF1 loading, driving BIR-mediated hyper-recombination. Moreover, SETX is synthetic lethal with PIF1, RAD52, and XPF, offering new strategies for targeted treatment of SETX-deficient tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.29.601361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Break-induced replication is activated to repair R-loop-associated double-strand breaks in SETX-deficient cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aspartic proteases are abundant and active in acidified wound fluid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wound healing necessitates a balance between synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix components, which is tightly regulated by proteases and their inhibitors. Studies have shown that treatment of poorly healing wounds with acid results in improved healing. In this study, we systematically evaluated changes in proteolytic activity of murine wound fluid upon acidification. A library of 228 synthetic peptides served as reporters of protease activity at pH 7.4, pH 5.0 and pH 3.5. The peptide digestion patterns differed at each pH, revealing that proteases active at pH 7.4 are inactivated at pH 3.5. Notably, aspartic acid proteases emerged as the dominant active enzymes at pH 3.5 and their activity was inhibited by pepstatin. Using a fluorogenic substrate, we quantified aspartic protease activity across varying pH levels and demonstrated optimal activity between pH 3.0 and 3.8. This activity was detectable as early as one day post-injury and persisted over the following ten days. Importantly, human wound fluid exhibited the same activity profile, validating the mouse model as a relevant system for studying acid-mediated wound healing processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barbosa da Silva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelsinger, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberson, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamieson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aspartic proteases are abundant and active in acidified wound fluid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation-induced flexibility of proto-oncogenic Bcl3 regulates transcriptional activation by NF-κB p52 homodimer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
B cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl3), a member of the I{kappa}B family proteins, modulates transcription by primarily associating with NF-{kappa}B p50 and p52 homodimers. Bcl3 undergoes extensive phosphorylation, though the functions of many of these modifications remain unclear. We previously described that phosphorylation at Ser33, Ser114 and Ser446 partially switches Bcl3 from acting as an I{kappa}B-like inhibitor to a transcription regulator by associating with the (p52:p52):DNA binary complex. Here, we identified another critical phosphorylation site, Ser366. Substituting at all four residues to phospho-mimetic glutamate further enhances Bcl3s transcriptional activity. Phospho-modifications retain Bcl3s ability to stably bind p52 but induces reciprocal structural changes as revealed by HDX-MS experiments; the N-terminal region stiffens, while the C-terminus becomes more flexible. The increased flexibility allowed the Bcl3:(p52p52) binary complex to better accommodate DNA. The removal of the C-terminal 28-residues transformed Bcl3 into a transcriptional activator independent of phosphorylation. Notably, most identified mutations in Bcl3 from various cancers map to its C-terminus, suggesting the functional relevance of Bcl3 C-terminal structural flexibility and enhanced interaction with (p52p52):DNA complex to transcriptional potential and disease. Overall, this study uncovers the mechanistic basis by which phosphorylation-driven structural changes convert Bcl3 from an inhibitor to a transcriptional cofactor of NF-{kappa}B, and how deregulation of its activity through altered phosphorylation or mutation can lead to cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahabi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suryajaya, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, V. Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation-induced flexibility of proto-oncogenic Bcl3 regulates transcriptional activation by NF-κB p52 homodimer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane Curvature Promotes ER-PM Contact Formation via Junctophilin-EHD Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) play a crucial role in governing calcium regulation and lipid homeostasis. Despite their significance, the factors regulating their spatial distribution on the PM remain elusive. Inspired by observations in cardiomyocytes, where ER-PM contact sites concentrate on tubular PM invaginations known as transverse tubules (T-tubules), we hypothesize that the PM curvature plays a role in ER-PM contact formation. Through precise control of PM invaginations, we show that PM curvatures locally induce the formation of ER-PM contacts in cardiomyocytes. Intriguingly, the junctophilin family of ER-PM tethering proteins, specifically expressed in excitable cells, is the key player in this process, while the ubiquitously expressed extended synaptotagmin 2 does not show a preference for PM curvature. At the mechanistic level, we find that the low complexity region (LCR) and the MORN motifs of junctophilins can independently bind to the PM, but both the LCR and MORN motifs are required for targeting PM curvatures. By examining the junctophilin interactome, we identify a family of curvature-sensing proteins, Eps15-homology domain containing proteins (EHDs), that interact with the MORN_LCR motifs and facilitate junctophilins preferential tethering to curved PM. These findings highlight the pivotal role of PM curvature in the formation of ER-PM contacts in cardiomyocytes and unveil a novel mechanism for the spatial regulation of ER-PM contacts through PM curvature modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamoto, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.29.601287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane Curvature Promotes ER-PM Contact Formation via Junctophilin-EHD Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High population density should drive individuals to more frequently share space and interact, producing better-connected spatial and social networks [1-4]. Although this theory is fundamental to our understanding of disease dynamics [2,5-8], it remains unconfirmed how local density generally drives individuals positions within their networks, which reduces our ability to understand and predict density-dependent processes [4,9,10]. Here we provide the first general evidence that density drives greater network connectedness at fine spatiotemporal scales, at the scale of individuals within wild animal populations. We analysed 36 datasets of simultaneous spatial and social behaviour in >58,000 individual animals, spanning 30 species of fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, and insects. 80% of systems exhibited strong positive relationships between local density and network centrality. However, >80% of relationships were nonlinear and 75% became shallower at higher values, signifying that demographic and behavioural processes counteract densitys effects, thereby producing saturating trends [11-15]. Densitys effect was much stronger and less saturating for spatial than social networks, such that individuals become disproportionately spatially connected rather than socially at higher densities. Consequently, ecological processes that depend on spatial connections (e.g. indirect pathogen transmission, resource competition, and territory formation) are likely more density-dependent than those involving social interactions (e.g. direct pathogen transmission, aggression, and social learning). These findings reveal fundamental ecological rules governing societal structuring, with widespread implications. Identifying scaling rules based on processes that generalise across systems, such as these patterns of density dependence, might provide the ability to predict network structures in novel systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albery, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firth, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeny, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wal, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webber, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babayan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barve, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birtles, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Block, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Block, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budischak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buesching, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burthe, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlisle, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caselle, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattuto, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaine, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapple, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheney, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clutton-Brock, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curnick, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delahay, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farine, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferretti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fielding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroughirad, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frere, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geffen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godfrey, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henrich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heurich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopwood, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ila</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Density-dependent network structuring within and across wild animal systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The oncofetal protein IMP1 regulates the transcriptomic landscape to drive early events in pancreatic cancer progression and growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.28.601273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal 5-year survival rate of 12% - the lowest of all malignancies. This is partially due to late diagnosis, as early stages of the disease, including the process of acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM) are not presently detectable. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein (IMP)1 is an oncofetal protein implicated in cancer progression. Here, we aimed to determine its role in the early stages of PDAC development and in the maintenance of the malignant phenotype.

MethodsIMP1 expression was analyzed in surgical PDAC specimens and in pancreatic tissue derived from KPC mice. Murine ductal organoids expressing the KrasG12D mutant were treated with the IMP1 inhibitor BTYNB and RNAseq performed. The function of IMP1 targets was analyzed in an ADM model and the effect of IMP1 silencing on the growth of PDAC cells was evaluated in vivo.

ResultsWe found high expression of IMP1 in precancerous lesions of human and murine PDAC, but not in the normal pancreas. Blockade of IMP1 function impeded murine ADM and ductal organoid growth and profoundly altered the transcriptional landscape of the organoids, reducing the expression of cytokine-cytokine receptor interactors, cell adhesion and cell invasion mediators such as Card11, Gkn3, Il13ra2, Mmp9, and Vcam1. Gastrokine-3 and IL-13 in turn, enhanced the ADM process. Finally, IMP1 silencing in PDAC cells inhibited their metastatic outgrowth in mice.

ConclusionsIMP1 is a master regulator of early events in PDAC progression and a potential biomarker and target for this disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacariz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messina-Pacheco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodfellow, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibovitch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrino, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Claude, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregorieff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brodt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The oncofetal protein IMP1 regulates the transcriptomic landscape to drive early events in pancreatic cancer progression and growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.03.601930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooperativity among clustered κB sites within promoters and enhancers dictates transcriptional specificity of NF-κB RelA along with specific cofactors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.03.601930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-consensus binding sites of transcription factors are often observed within the regulatory elements of genes; however, their effect on transcriptional strength is unclear. Within the promoters and enhancers of NF-{kappa}B-responsive genes, we identified clusters of non-consensus {kappa}B DNA sites, many exhibiting low affinity for NF-{kappa}B in vitro. Deletion of these sites demonstrated their collective critical role in transcription. We explored how these "weak" {kappa}B sites exert their influence, especially given the typically low nuclear concentrations of NF-{kappa}B. Using proteomics approaches, we identified additional nuclear factors, including other DNA-binding TFs, that could interact with {kappa}B site-bound NF-{kappa}B RelA. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses suggest that these accessory TFs, referred to as the TF-cofactors of NF-{kappa}B, facilitate dynamic recruitment of NF-{kappa}B to the clustered weak {kappa}B sites. Overall, the occupancy of NF-{kappa}B at promoters and enhancers appears to be defined by a collective contribution from all {kappa}B sites, both weak and strong, in association with specific cofactors. This congregation of multiple factors within dynamic transcriptional complexes is likely a common feature of transcriptional programs.

SIGNIFICANCEThe NF-{kappa}B RelA dimers undergo rapid activation by cytokines and pathogens, driving expeditious expression of target genes upon binding to DNA elements known as {kappa}B sites, located in the regulatory regions. We find that promoter and enhancer regions of RelA target genes harbor multiple {kappa}B sites, most being non-consensus with minimal affinity to NF-{kappa}B in vitro. Recruitment of RelA dimer in vivo depend on these {kappa}B sites, weak and strong, and appears to be regulated by various accessory factors, including other DNA-binding transcription factors. Overall, this study points to a coordinated network of factors communicating with both weak and strong {kappa}B sites to recruit RelA dimers, enabling rapid gene activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shahabi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanahmadi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.03.601930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooperativity among clustered κB sites within promoters and enhancers dictates transcriptional specificity of NF-κB RelA along with specific cofactors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel Synapses with Transmission Nonlinearities Enhance Neuronal Classification Capacity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical neurons often establish multiple synaptic contacts with the same postsynaptic neuron. To avoid functional redundancy of these parallel synapses, it is crucial that each synapse exhibits distinct computational properties. Here we model the current to the soma contributed by each synapse as a sigmoidal transmission function of its presynaptic input, with learnable parameters such as amplitude, slope, and threshold. We evaluate the classification capacity of a neuron equipped with such nonlinear parallel synapses, and show that with a small number of parallel synapses per axon, it substantially exceeds that of the Perceptron. Furthermore, the number of correctly classified data points can increase superlinearly as the number of presynaptic axons grows.

When training with an unrestricted number of parallel synapses, our model neuron can effectively implement an arbitrary aggregate transmission function for each axon, constrained only by monotonicity. Nevertheless, successful learning in the model neuron often requires only a small number of parallel synapses.

We also apply these parallel synapses in a feedforward neural network trained to classify MNIST images, and show that they can increase the test accuracy. This demonstrates that multiple nonlinear synapses per input axon can substantially enhance a neurons computational power.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel Synapses with Transmission Nonlinearities Enhance Neuronal Classification Capacity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compressive Pangenomics Using Mutation-Annotated Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pangenomics is an emerging field that uses a collection of genomes of a species instead of a single reference genome to overcome reference bias and study the within-species genetic diversity. Future pangenomics applications will require analyzing large and ever-growing collections of genomes. Therefore, the choice of data representation is a key determinant of the scope, as well as the computational and memory performance of pangenomic analyses. Current pangenome formats, while capable of storing genetic variations across multiple genomes, fail to capture the shared evolutionary and mutational histories among them, thereby limiting their applications. They are also inefficient for storage, and therefore face significant scaling challenges. In this manuscript, we propose PanMAN, a novel data structure that is information-wise richer than all existing pangenome formats - in addition to representing the alignment and genetic variation in a collection of genomes, PanMAN represents the shared mutational and evolutionary histories inferred between those genomes. By using "evolutionary compression", PanMAN achieves 5.2 to 680-fold compression over other variation-preserving pangenomic formats. PanMANs relative performance generally improves with larger datasets and it is compatible with any method for inferring phylogenies and ancestral nucleotide states. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study, we show that PanMAN offers a detailed and accurate portrayal of the pathogens evolutionary and mutational history, facilitating the discovery of new biological insights. We also present panmanUtils, a software toolkit that supports common pangenomic analyses and makes PanMANs interoperable with existing tools and formats. PanMANs are poised to enhance the scale, speed, resolution, and overall scope of pangenomic analyses and data sharing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motwani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compressive Pangenomics Using Mutation-Annotated Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.04.601785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of Modular Tissue Flows Shaping the Embryo in Avian Gastrulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.04.601785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Avian gastrulation requires coordinated flows of thousands of cells to form the body plan. We quantified these flows using their fundamental kinematic units: one attractor and two repellers constituting its Dynamic Morphoskeleton (DM). We have also elucidated the mechanistic origin of the attractor, marking the primitive streak (PS), and controlled its shape, inducing gastrulation flows in the chick embryo that are typical of other vertebrates. However, the origins of repellers and dynamic embryo shape remain unclear. Here, we address these questions using active matter physics and experiments. Repeller 1, separating the embryo proper (EP) from extraembryonic (EE) tissues, arises from the tug-of-war between EE epiboly and EP isotropic myosin-induced active stress. Repeller 2, bisecting the anterior and posterior PS and associated with embryo shape change, arises from anisotropic myosin-induced active intercalation in the mesendoderm. Combining mechanical confinement with inhibition of mesendoderm induction, we eliminated either one or both repellers, as predicted by our model. Our results reveal a remarkable modularity of avian gastrulation flows delineated by the DM, uncovering the mechanistic roles of EE epiboly, EP active constriction, mesendoderm intercalation and ingression. These findings offer a new perspective for deconstructing morphogenetic flows, uncovering their modular origin, and aiding synthetic morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Serrano Najera, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plum, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steventon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weijer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.04.601785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of Modular Tissue Flows Shaping the Embryo in Avian Gastrulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.04.602053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence for low affinity of GABA at the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2. Implications for transmitter co-release from dopamine neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.04.602053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and PurposeMidbrain dopamine (DA) neurons comprise a heterogeneous population of cells. For instance, some DA neurons express the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 allowing these cells to co-release DA and glutamate. Additionally, GABA may be co-released from DA neurons. However, most cells do not express the canonical machinery to synthesize GABA or the vesicular GABA transporter VGAT. Instead, GABA seems to be taken up into DA neurons by a plasmalemmal GABA transporter (GAT1) and stored in synaptic vesicles via the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2. Yet, it remains unclear whether GABA indeed interacts with VMAT2, or whether another transmitter could be responsible for the observed inhibitory effects attributed to GABA.

Experimental ApproachWe used radiotracer flux measurements in VMAT2 expressing HEK-293 cells and synaptic vesicles from rodents to determine whether GABA qualifies as substrate at VMAT2. mRNA in situ hybridization was employed to determine expression of VMAT2 and GAT1 transcripts in DA neurons of mouse and in human midbrains.

Key ResultsWe found that GABA reduced uptake of VMAT2 substrates in rodent synaptic vesicle preparations from striatum and cerebellum at millimolar concentrations but had no effect in VMAT2-expressing cells indicating that key components are missing in a non-neuronal system. Roughly 60 % of murine and human DA neurons in the substantia nigra express VMAT2 and GAT1 suggesting that many may be capable of co-releasing DA and GABA.

Conclusion and ImplicationOur experiments suggest that GABA is a low-affinity substrate at VMAT2 with potential implications for basal ganglia physiology and disease.

Bullet point summaryO_ST_ABSWhat is already knownC_ST_ABSO_LISubpopulations of dopamine neurons co-release glutamate and/or GABA.
C_LIO_LIWhile glutamate is loaded into vesicles by VGLUT2, GABA co-release depends on GAT1 and VMAT2.
C_LI

What this study addsO_LIThe relative affinity of GABA at VMAT2 was found to be in the millimolar range.
C_LIO_LIHuman midbrain dopamine neurons express GAT1.
C_LI

Clinical significanceO_LIGABA co-release from midbrain dopamine neurons may also occur in humans.
C_LIO_LIGABA co-release from dopamine neurons may play a role in neuropsychiatric diseases
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Limani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanzlova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Batide-Alanore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klotz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinkellner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.04.602053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence for low affinity of GABA at the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2. Implications for transmitter co-release from dopamine neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global siRNA Screen Reveals Critical Human Host Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Multicycle Replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defining the subset of cellular factors governing SARS-CoV-2 replication can provide critical insights into viral pathogenesis and identify targets for host-directed antiviral therapies. While a number of genetic screens have previously reported SARS-CoV-2 host dependency factors, these approaches relied on utilizing pooled genome-scale CRISPR libraries, which are biased towards the discovery of host proteins impacting early stages of viral replication. To identify host factors involved throughout the SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle, we conducted an arrayed genome-scale siRNA screen. Resulting data were integrated with published datasets to reveal pathways supported by orthogonal datasets, including transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications, and MAPK signalling. The identified proviral host factors were mapped into the SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle, including 27 proteins that were determined to impact assembly and release. Additionally, a subset of proteins were tested across other coronaviruses revealing 17 potential pan-coronavirus targets. Further studies illuminated a role for the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan in SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, and found that inhibition of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway through targeting of BIRC2 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication both in vitro and in vivo. These studies provide critical insight into the landscape of virus-host interactions driving SARS-CoV-2 replication as well as valuable targets for host-directed antivirals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pache, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cisneros, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jesus, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitelock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lord, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mena, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Sastre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hultquist, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frieman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Sancho, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.10.602835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global siRNA Screen Reveals Critical Human Host Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Multicycle Replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603155v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics reveal differences between chorionic and basal plate cytotrophoblasts and trophoblast stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603155v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytotrophoblast (CTB) of the early gestation human placenta are bipotent progenitor epithelial cells, which can differentiate into invasive extravillous trophoblast (EVT) and multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Trophoblast stem cells (TSC), derived from early first trimester placentae, have also been shown to be bipotential. In this study, we set out to probe the transcriptional diversity of first trimester CTB and compare TSC to various subgroups of CTB. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on six normal placentae, four from early (6-8 weeks) and two from late (12-14 weeks) first trimester, of which two of the early first trimester cases were separated into basal (maternal) and chorionic (fetal) fractions prior to sequencing. We also sequenced three TSC lines, derived from 6-8 week placentae, to evaluate similarities and differences between primary CTB and TSC. CTB clusters displayed notable distinctions based on gestational age, with early first trimester placentae showing enrichment for specific CTB subtypes, further influenced by origin from the basal or chorionic plate. Differential expression analysis of CTB from basal versus chorionic plate highlighted pathways associated with proliferation, unfolded protein response, and oxidative phosphorylation. We identified trophoblast states representing initial progenitor CTB, precursor STB, precursor and mature EVT, and multiple CTB subtypes. CTB progenitors were enriched in early first trimester placentae, with basal plate cells biased toward EVT, and chorionic plate cells toward STB, precursors. Clustering and trajectory inference analysis indicated that TSC were most like EVT precursor cells, with only a small percentage of TSC on the pre-STB differentiation trajectory. This was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of 6 different TSC lines, which showed uniform expression of proximal column markers ITGA2 and ITGA5. Additionally, we found that ITGA5+ CTB could be plated in 2D, forming only EVT upon spontaneous differentiation, but failed to form self-renewing organoids; conversely, ITGA5-CTB could not be plated in 2D, but readily formed organoids. Our findings suggest that distinct CTB states exist in different regions of the placenta as early as six weeks gestation and that current TSC lines most closely resemble ITGA5+ CTB, biased toward the EVT lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morey, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soncin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manalo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slamecka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Requena, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kittle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meads, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horii, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parast, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.603155</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomics reveal differences between chorionic and basal plate cytotrophoblasts and trophoblast stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.15.603626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into the role of root exudates in bacteriophage infection dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.15.603626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteriophages impact soil bacteria through lysis, altering the availability of organic carbon and plant nutrients. However, the magnitude of nutrient uptake by plants from lysed bacteria remains unknown, partly because this process is challenging to investigate in the field. In this study, we extend ecosystem fabrication (EcoFAB 2.0) approaches to study plant-bacteria-phage interactions by comparing the impact of phage-lysed and uninfected 15N-labeled bacterial necromass on plant nitrogen acquisition and rhizosphere exometabolites composition. We show that grass Brachypodium distachyon derives some nitrogen from amino acids in uninfected Pseudomonas putida necromass but not from virocell necromass. Additionally, the bacterial necromass elicits the formation of rhizosphere exometabolites, some of which (guanosine), alongside tested aromatic acids (p-coumaric and benzoic acid), show distinct effects on bacteriophage-induced lysis when tested in vitro. The study highlights the dynamic feedback between bacterial necromass and plants and suggests that root exudate metabolites can impact bacteriophage infection dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Novak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Winden, M. C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwood, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neurath, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosina, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Louie, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutalik, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.15.603626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into the role of root exudates in bacteriophage infection dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.16.602603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Logical Network Perturbations Guide Precise Target Prioritization for Drug Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.16.602603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances in artificial intelligence (AI), target-based drug development remains costly, complex, and imprecise. We introduce F.O.R.W.A.R.D [Framework for Outcome-based Research and Drug Development], a network-based target prioritization platform, and demonstrate its utility in the challenging landscape of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), a chronic, multifactorial condition. F.O.R.W.A.R.D uses real-world clinical outcomes, and a machine-learning classifier trained on transcriptomic data from seven prospective randomized trials across four drugs. It defines remission at the molecular level and calculates, using network connectivity, the likelihood that targeting a given molecule will induce remission-associated gene expression. Benchmarking against 210 completed trials across 52 targets, F.O.R.W.A.R.D achieved 100% predictive accuracy--despite variability in drug mechanisms and trial designs. Single-cell RNA-seq and a prospective biobank of patient-derived organoids confirmed that the remission signature is epithelium-specific and tracks with poor outcomes. F.O.R.W.A.R.D enables in-silico phase zero trials to inform trial design, revive shelved drugs, and guide early termination decisions. Broadly applicable and iteratively refined by emerging trial data, F.O.R.W.A.R.D has the potential to reshape drug discovery--bringing foresight to hindsight, and empowering both R&D and human-in-the-loop clinical decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaren, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boland, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.16.602603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Logical Network Perturbations Guide Precise Target Prioritization for Drug Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.604013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic ribosomes on mitochondria alter the local membrane environment for protein import 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.17.604013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most of the mitochondria proteome is nuclear-encoded, synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes, and targeted to mitochondria post-translationally. However, a subset of mitochondrial-targeted proteins is imported co-translationally, although the molecular mechanisms governing this process remain unclear. We employ cellular cryo-electron tomography to visualize interactions between cytoplasmic ribosomes and mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We use surface morphometrics tools to identify a subset of ribosomes optimally oriented on mitochondrial membranes for protein import. This allows us to establish the first subtomogram average structure of a cytoplasmic ribosome on the surface of the mitochondria in the native cellular context, which showed three distinct connections with the outer mitochondrial membrane surrounding the peptide exit tunnel. Further, this analysis demonstrated that cytoplasmic ribosomes primed for mitochondrial protein import cluster on the outer mitochondrial membrane at sites of local constrictions of the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane. Overall, our study reveals the architecture and the spatial organization of cytoplasmic ribosomes at the mitochondrial surface, providing a native cellular context to define the mechanisms that mediate efficient mitochondrial co-translational protein import.

SUMMARYChang et al. present a membrane-guided approach for identifying a subset of cytoplasmic ribosomes oriented for protein import on the mitochondrial surface in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using cryo-electron tomography. They show that ribosomes cluster, make multiple contacts with, and induce local changes to the mitochondrial membrane ultrastructure at import sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barad, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zid, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.17.604013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytoplasmic ribosomes on mitochondria alter the local membrane environment for protein import]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.604193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering the novel extremophile alga Chlamydomonas pacifica for high lipid and high starch production as a path to developing commercially relevant strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.604193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microalgae offer a compelling platform for the production of commodity products, due to their superior photosynthetic efficiency, adaptability to non-arable lands and non-potable water, and their capacity to produce a versatile array of bioproducts, including biofuels and biomaterials. However, the scalability of microalgae as a bioresource has been hindered by challenges such as costly biomass production related to vulnerability to pond crashes during large-scale cultivation. This study presents a pipeline for the genetic engineering and pilot-scale production of biodiesel and thermoplastic polyurethane precursors in the extremophile species Chlamydomonas pacifica. This extremophile microalga exhibits exceptional resilience to high pH, high salinity, and elevated temperatures. Initially, we evolved this strain to also have a high tolerance to high light intensity through mutagenesis, breeding, and selection. Subsequently, we genetically engineered C. pacifica to produce high levels of lipids and starch without compromising growth. We demonstrated the scalability of these engineered strains by cultivating them in pilot-scale raceway ponds and converting the resulting biomass into biodiesel and thermoplastic polyurethanes. This study showcases the complete cycle of transforming a newly discovered species into a commercially relevant commodity production strain. This research underscores the potential of extremophile algae, including C. pacifica, as a key species for the burgeoning sustainable bioeconomy, offering a viable path forward in mitigating environmental challenges and supporting global bioproduct demands.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=90 SRC="FIGDIR/small/604193v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (25K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@84948eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@352616org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1577082org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19b8644_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutra Molino, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wnuk-Fink, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruckbauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saucedo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.18.604193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering the novel extremophile alga Chlamydomonas pacifica for high lipid and high starch production as a path to developing commercially relevant strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preparation of oxygen-sensitive proteins for high-resolution cryoEM structure determination using (an)aerobic blot-free vitrification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-quality grid preparation for single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) remains a bottleneck for routinely obtaining high-resolution structures. The issues that arise from traditional grid preparation workflows are particularly exacerbated for oxygen-sensitive proteins, including metalloproteins, whereby oxygen-induced damage and alteration of oxidation states can result in protein inactivation, denaturation, and/or aggregation. Indeed, 99% of the current structures in the EMBD were prepared aerobically and limited successes for anaerobic cryoEM grid preparation exist. Current practices for anaerobic grid preparation involve a vitrification device located in an anoxic chamber, which presents significant challenges including temperature and humidity control, optimization of freezing conditions, costs for purchase and operation, as well as accessibility. Here, we present a streamlined approach that allows for the (an)aerobic vitrification of oxygen-sensitive proteins using an automated aerobic blot-free grid vitrification device - the SPT Labtech chameleon. This robust workflow allows for high-resolution structure determination of dynamic, oxygen-sensitive proteins, of varying complexity and molecular weight.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narehood, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tezcan, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preparation of oxygen-sensitive proteins for high-resolution cryoEM structure determination using (an)aerobic blot-free vitrification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An arylsulphonamide that targets cell wall biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigated the mechanism of action of an arylsulphonamide with whole cell activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We newly synthesized the molecule and confirmed it had activity against both extracellular and intracellular bacilli. The molecule had some activity against HepG2 cells but maintained some selectivity. Bacterial cytological profiling suggested that mechanism of action was via disruption of cell wall synthesis, with similarities to an inhibitor of the mycolic acid exporter MmpL3. The compound induced expression from the IniB promoter and caused a boost in ATP production but did not induce reactive oxygen species. A mutation in MmpL3 (S591I) led to low-level resistance. Taken together these data confirm the molecule targets cell wall biosynthesis with MmpL3 as the most probable target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ames, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldin, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butts, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parish, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An arylsulphonamide that targets cell wall biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression changes in long-term memory unlikely to replicate in the long term 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the cellular effects of memory-forming experiences on neurons which enable subsequent memory recall is a fundamental aim of neuroscience. The search for the engram could benefit from single cell RNA sequencing, which can estimate the mRNA expression of all genes in large samples of individual brain cells from animals exposed to specific experiences. A recent study used spatial transcriptomics and single cell RNA-sequencing to identify "transcriptional signatures in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes that were memory-specific and persisted for weeks"1. However, because the authors did not account for multiple statistical comparisons2 and instead used an "unadjusted" threshold for statistical significance, the reported findings are likely dominated by false positives3. Moreover, the statistical analysis treated individual cells as independent samples without accounting for correlations across cells derived from the same biological tissue sample. Reanalysis of the studys data using appropriate, widely accepted statistical procedures, identifies no significant differentially expressed genes. This suggests the data do not support the authors claim to have identified cell type-specific transcriptional signatures of memory in the mouse basolateral amygdala.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression changes in long-term memory unlikely to replicate in the long term]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequencing 1206 genomes reveals origin and movement of Aedes aegypti driving increased dengue risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number of dengue cases worldwide has increased ten-fold over the past decade as Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of this disease, thrives and expands its distribution, revealing limitations to current control methods. To better understand how Ae. aegypti evolved from a forest dwelling, generalist species to a highly anthropophilic urban species and the impact of contemporary gene flow on the future of dengue control, we sequenced 1,206 genomes from mosquitoes collected at 74 locations around the globe. Here we show that after evolving a preference for humans in the Sahel region of West Africa, the origin of the fully domesticated, anthropophilic subspecies Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) occurred in the Americas during the Atlantic Slave Trade era and was followed by its explosive expansion around the globe. In recent decades, Aaa has invaded coastal Africa, the ancestral home range, introducing insecticide resistance mutations and an affinity for human hosts. Evidence of back-to-Africa migration is found in regions with recent dengue outbreaks, raising concern that global movement of Aaa could increase transmission risk of arboviruses including dengue in urban Africa. These data provide a platform to further study this important mosquito vector species and underscore developing complexity in the fight to limit the spread of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balcazar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redmond, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youd, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudirman Made Ali, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Nazawi, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosme, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henke, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W. -L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maringer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Micieli, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pless, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sombie, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surendran, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahid, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weetman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gloria-Soria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.23.604830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequencing 1206 genomes reveals origin and movement of Aedes aegypti driving increased dengue risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.604258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
All atom molecular dynamics simulations enable ensemble refinement of flexible and mismodelled cryo-EM derived RNA structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.604258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The advent of single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled near-atomic resolution imaging of large macromolecules, enhancing functional insights. However, current cryo-EM refinement tools condense all single-particle images into a single structure, which can misrepresent highly flexible molecules like RNAs. Here, we combine molecular dynamics simulations with cryo-EM density maps to better account for the structural dynamics of a complex and biologically relevant RNA macromolecule. Namely, using metainference, a Bayesian method, we reconstruct an ensemble of structures of the group II intron ribozyme, which better match experimental data, and we reveal inaccuracies of single-structure approaches in modeling flexible regions. An analysis of all RNA-containing structures deposited in the PDB reveal that this issue affects most cryo-EM structures in the 2.5--4 [A] range. Thus, RNA structures determined by cryo-EM require careful handling, and our method may be broadly applicable to other RNA systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Posani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magistrato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bussi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.604258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[All atom molecular dynamics simulations enable ensemble refinement of flexible and mismodelled cryo-EM derived RNA structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.605038v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A metabolic atlas of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex reveals lineage-specific metabolism that supports persistent co-existence of diverse lineages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.605038v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex inhabits a wide variety of hosts and environments, and is a major cause of antimicrobial resistant infections. Genomics has revealed the population comprises multiple species/subspecies and hundreds of distinct co-circulating sub-lineages that are associated with distinct gene complements. A substantial fraction of the pan-genome is predicted to be involved in metabolic functions and hence these data are consistent with metabolic differentiation as a driver of population structure. However, this has so far remained unsubstantiated because in the past it was not possible to explore metabolic variation at scale.

Here we used a combination of comparative genomics and high-throughput genome-scale metabolic modelling to systematically explore metabolic diversity across the K. pneumoniae species complex (n=7,835 genomes). We simulated growth outcomes for each isolate using carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur sources under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (n=1,278 conditions per isolate). We showed that the distributions of metabolic genes and growth capabilities are structured in the population, and confirmed that sub-lineages exhibit unique metabolic profiles. In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated reciprocal commensalistic cross-feeding between sub-lineages, effectively extending the range of conditions supporting individual growth. We propose that these substrate specialisations promote the existence and persistence of co-circulating sub-lineages by reducing nutrient competition and facilitating commensal interactions via negative frequency-dependent selection.

Our findings have implications for understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of K. pneumoniae and for the design of novel strategies to prevent opportunistic infections caused by this World Health Organization priority antimicrobial resistant pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vezina, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rethoret-Pasty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brisse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyres, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.605038</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A metabolic atlas of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex reveals lineage-specific metabolism that supports persistent co-existence of diverse lineages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of Neuronal Excitability and Plasticity by BHLHE41 Conveys Lithium Non-Responsiveness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many bipolar disorder (BD) patients are non-responsive to lithium. The mechanisms underlying lithium (non-)responsiveness are largely unknown. By using gene-set enrichment analysis methods, we found that core clock gene-sets are significantly associated with lithium response. Among the top hits was BHLHE41, a modulator of the molecular clock and homeostatic sleep. Since BHLHE41 and its paralog BHLHE40 are functionally redundant, we assessed chronic lithium response in double-knockout mutant mice (DKO). We demonstrated that DKOs are non-responsive to lithiums effect in various behavioral tasks. Cellular assays and patch clamp recordings revealed lowered excitability and reduced lithium-response in prefrontal cortical layer 2/3 DKO neurons and on hippocampal long-term potentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified that lithium deregulated mitochondrial respiration, cation channel and postsynapse associated gene-sets specifically in upper layer excitatory neurons. Our findings show that lithium acts in a highly cell-specific way on neuronal metabolism and excitability and modulates synaptic plasticity depending on BHLHE40/41.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papiol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frommeyer, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haupt, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kannaiyan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickelmann, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulte, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lande, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falkai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuss, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.25.605130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of Neuronal Excitability and Plasticity by BHLHE41 Conveys Lithium Non-Responsiveness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell surface ribonucleoproteins cluster with heparan sulfate to regulate growth factor signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receptor-ligand interactions govern a wide array of biological pathways, facilitating a cells ability to interrogate and integrate information from the extracellular space. Here, using an unbiased genome-wide knockout screen, we identify heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as a major component in the organizational mechanism of cell surface glycoRNA and cell surface RNA binding proteins (csRBPs). Cleavage of mature heparan sulfate chains, knockout of N- and 6-O-sulfotransferases, overexpression of endo-6-O-sulfatases, or the addition of exogenous heparan sulfate chains with high 2-O sulfation result in marked loss in glycoRNA-csRBP clustering in U2OS cells. Functionally, we provide evidence that signal transduction by HS-dependent growth factors such as VEGF-A165 is regulated by cell surface RNAs, and in vitro VEGF-A165, selectively interacts with glycoRNAs. Our findings uncover a new molecular mechanism of controlling signal transduction of specific growth factors across the plasma membrane by the regulated assembly of glycoRNAs, csRBPs, and heparan sulfate clusters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flynn, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chair, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perr, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kageler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebedenko, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, J. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yankova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esko, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzelepis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.25.605163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell surface ribonucleoproteins cluster with heparan sulfate to regulate growth factor signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.602498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing the causal impact of amyloidosis on total Tau using a genetically informative sample of adult male twins. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.602498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONThe amyloid cascade hypothesis predicts that amyloid-beta (A{beta}) aggregation drives tau tangle accumulation. We tested competing causal and non-causal hypotheses regarding the direction of causation between A{beta}40 and A{beta}42 and total Tau (t-Tau) plasma biomarkers.

METHODSPlasma A{beta}40, A{beta}42, t-Tau, and neurofilament light chain (NFL) were measured in 1,035 men (mean = 67.0 years) using Simoa immunoassays. Genetically informative twin modeling tested the direction of causation between A{beta}s and t-Tau.

RESULTSNo clear evidence that A{beta}40 or A{beta}42 directly causes changes in t-Tau was observed; the alternative causal hypotheses also fit the data well. In contrast, exploratory analyses suggested a causal impact of the A{beta} biomarkers on NFL. Separately, reciprocal causation was observed between t-Tau and NFL.

DISCUSSIONPlasma A{beta}40 or A{beta}42 do not appear to have a direct causal impact on t-Tau. In contrast, A{beta} aggregation may causally impact NFL in cognitively unimpaired men in their late 60s.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neale, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenzie, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rissman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franz, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kremen, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.23.602498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing the causal impact of amyloidosis on total Tau using a genetically informative sample of adult male twins.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus During the 2022 Outbreak in New York City 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New York City (NYC) was one of the hotspots of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections in the United States during the multi-country mpox outbreak in 2022. This study used the most comprehensive dataset to date to investigate the genomic characteristics of MPXV in NYC. We performed Nextclade lineage assignment, phylogenetic and mutational analyses on 1,138 specimens from 748 individuals at the NYC Public Health Lab in the context of 2,968 MPXV sequences sampled globally. Nextclade lineage assignment showed B.1.12 as a NYC specific lineage and phylogenetic analysis showed NYC and North America specific clades. The majority of mutations showed signatures of APOBEC3 activity. When looking at the intra-host genomic diversity for MPXV, distinct MPXV genomic profiles were observed in 6.4% of individuals with multiple sampled specimens, with at least 4.2% of NYC cases due to multiple MPXV infections from distinct viral strains. Further, 13% of the sequences in infected patients had a lack of concordance between epidemiologic and genetic linkages. This study identified NYC-specific MPXV genomic profiles and provided a conservative estimate of simultaneous infections with multiple MPXV variants, likely due to behavioral risk factors during the peak of the outbreak in July 2022. Improving concordance between genomic and epidemiological clusters for mpox investigations may require expanding partnerships with testing labs, clinics, and community groups to enhance the representativeness of MPXV samples that are available for sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akther, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taki, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Cruz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clabby, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopping, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leelawong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latash, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgartner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekar, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havens, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasylyeva, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wertheim, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omoregie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.23.604793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus During the 2022 Outbreak in New York City]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.28.605514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Degradability tunes ECM stress relaxation and cellular mechanics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.28.605514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In native extracellular matrices (ECM), cells can use matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade and remodel their surroundings. Likewise, synthetic matrices have been engineered to facilitate MMP-mediated cleavage that enables cell spreading, migration, and interactions. However, the intersection of matrix degradability and mechanical properties has not been fully considered. We hypothesized that immediate mechanical changes result from the action of MMPs on the ECM and that these changes are sensed by cells. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure cell-scale mechanical properties, we find that both fibrillar collagen and synthetic degradable matrices exhibit enhanced stress relaxation after MMP exposure. Cells respond to these relaxation differences by altering their spreading and focal adhesions. We demonstrate that stress relaxation can be tuned through the rational design of matrix degradability. These findings establish a fundamental link between matrix degradability and stress relaxation, which may impact a range of biological applications.

Table of contentsThis work reveals that matrix degradability, through its effects on stress relaxation, is an important cellular mechanotransduction cue. Cell-scale mechanical characterization shows that collagen gels and degradable synthetic gels display enhanced stress relaxation post-degradation. Stress relaxation is then tuned by systematically varying degradability, resulting in the regulation of cell spreading. This identifies degradability as a key chemomechanical design feature.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=181 SRC="FIGDIR/small/605514v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.28.605514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Degradability tunes ECM stress relaxation and cellular mechanics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the transcriptional regulatory network of Yarrowia lipolytica using machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) in Yarrowia lipolytica coordinates its cellular processes, including the response to various stimuli. The TRN has been difficult to study due to its complex nature. In industrial-size fermenters, environments are often not homogenous, resulting in Yarrowia experiencing fluctuating conditions during a fermentation. Compared with homogenous laboratory conditions, these fluctuations result in altered cellular states and behaviors due to the action of the TRN. Here, a machine learning approach was deployed to modularize the transcriptome to enable meaningful description of its changing composition. To provide a sufficiently broad dataset, a wide range of relevant fermentation conditions (nutrient limitations, growth rates, pH values, oxygen availability and CO2 stresses) were run and samples obtained for RNA-Seq generation. We thus significantly increased the number of publicly available transcriptomic dataset on Y. lipolytica W29. In total, 23 independently modulated gene sets (termed iModulons) were identified of which 9 could be linked to corresponding regulons in S. cerevisiae. Strong responses were found in relation to oxygen limitation and elevated CO2 concentrations represented by (i) altered ribosomal protein synthesis, (ii) cell cycle disturbances, (iii) respiratory gene expression, and (iv) redox homeostasis. These results provide a fine-grained systems-level understanding of the Y. lipolytica TRN in response to industrially meaningful stresses, providing engineering targets to design more robust production strains. Moreover, this study provides a guide to perform similar work with poorly characterized single-cellular eukaryotic organisms.

Highlights- A large screening setup significantly expands the public RNA-Seq library on Y. lipolytica.
- This work provides a systems-level understanding of the TRN in response to industrial stresses.
- iModulon analysis can help accelerate bioprocess development.
- Results can guide similar work on poorly characterized single-cellular eukaryotic organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerssemakers, A. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rychel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudarsan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.29.605545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the transcriptional regulatory network of Yarrowia lipolytica using machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anisotropic Articular Cartilage Biofabrication based on Decellularized Extracellular Matrix 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue-engineered grafts that mimic articular cartilage show promise for treating cartilage injuries. However, engineering cartilage cell-based therapies to match zonal architecture and biochemical composition remains challenging. Decellularized articular cartilage extracellular matrix (dECM) has gained attention for its chondro-inductive properties, yet dECM-based bioinks have limitations in mechanical stability and printability. This study proposes a rapid light-based bioprinting method using a tyrosine-based crosslinking mechanism, which does not require chemical modifications of dECM and thereby preserves its structure and bioactivity. Combining this resin with Filamented Light (FLight) biofabrication enables the creation of cellular, porous, and anisotropic dECM scaffolds composed of aligned microfilaments. Specifically, we investigate the effects of various biopolymer compositions (i.e., hyaluronic acid, collagen I, and dECM) and inner architecture (i.e., bulk light vs FLight) on immune response and cell morphology, and we investigate their influence on nascent ECM production and long-term tissue maturation. Our findings highlight the importance of FLight scaffolds in directing collagen deposition resembling articular cartilage structure and promoting construct maturation, and they emphasize the superiority of biological-rich dECM over single-component materials for engineering articular cartilage, thereby offering new avenues for the development of effective cartilage tissue engineering strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Puiggali-Jou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frischknecht, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asadikorayem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chansoria, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoddart, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenobi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anisotropic Articular Cartilage Biofabrication based on Decellularized Extracellular Matrix]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RESP2: An uncertainty aware multi-target multi-property optimization AI pipeline for antibody discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Discovery of therapeutic antibodies against infectious disease pathogens presents distinct challenges. Ideal candidates must possess not only the properties required for any therapeutic antibody (e.g. specificity, low immunogenicity) but also high affinity to many mutants of the target antigen. Here we present RESP2, an enhanced version of our RESP pipeline, designed for the discovery of antibodies against one or multiple antigens with simultaneously optimized developability properties. We first evaluate this pipeline in silico using the Absolut! database of scores for antibodies docked to target antigens. We show that RESP2 consistently identifies sequences that bind more tightly to a group of target antigens than any sequence present in the training set with success rates >= 85%. Popular generative AI techniques evaluated on the same datasets achieve success rates of 1.5% or less by comparison. Next we use the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the COVID-19 spike protein as a case study, and discover a highly human antibody with broad (mid to high-affinity) binding to at least 8 different variants of the RBD. These results illustrate the advantages of this pipeline for antibody discovery against a challenging target. A Python package that enables users to utilize the RESP pipeline on their own targets is available at https://github.com/Wang-lab-UCSD/RESP2, together with code needed to reproduce the experiments in this paper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RESP2: An uncertainty aware multi-target multi-property optimization AI pipeline for antibody discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complete sequencing of ape genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present haplotype-resolved reference genomes and comparative analyses of six ape species, namely: chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan, and siamang. We achieve chromosome-level contiguity with unparalleled sequence accuracy (<1 error in 500,000 base pairs), completely sequencing 215 gapless chromosomes telomere-to-telomere. We resolve challenging regions, such as the major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobulin loci, providing more in-depth evolutionary insights. Comparative analyses, including human, allow us to investigate the evolution and diversity of regions previously uncharacterized or incompletely studied without bias from mapping to the human reference. This includes newly minted gene families within lineage-specific segmental duplications, centromeric DNA, acrocentric chromosomes, and subterminal heterochromatin. This resource should serve as a definitive baseline for all future evolutionary studies of humans and our closest living ape relatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebbar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonacci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solar, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antipov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickett, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montinaro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malukiewicz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mangan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anez, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balachandran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bankevich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biddanda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouffard, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brannan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbone, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekhans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelbrecht, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feschotte, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gennaro, L. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarracino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.605654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complete sequencing of ape genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction of Threonine-Tyrosine Kinase Receptor-LigandUnbinding Kinetics with Multiscale Milestoning andMetadynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately describing protein-ligand binding and unbinding kinetics remains challenging. Computational calculations are difficult and costly, while experimental measurements often lack molecular detail and can be unobtainable. Here we extend our multiscale milestoning method, Simulation-Enabled Estimation of Kinetics Rates (SEEKR), with metadynamics molecular dynamics simulations to yield accurate small molecule drug residence times. Using the pharmaceutically relevant threonine-tyrosine kinase (TTK) and eight long-residence-time (tens of seconds to hours) inhibitors, we demonstrate accurate prediction of absolute and rank-ordered ligand residence times and free energies of binding.

TOC Graphic

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Votapka, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojha, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asada, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.01.606239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction of Threonine-Tyrosine Kinase Receptor-LigandUnbinding Kinetics with Multiscale Milestoning andMetadynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-RNA binding drives structural ordering that primes Cas7-11 for target cleavage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type III-E CRISPR-Cas effectors, referred to as Cas7-11 of gRAMPs, are single proteins that cleave target RNAs without nonspecific collateral cleavage, opening new possibilities for RNA editing. Here, biochemical assays combined with amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX-MS) experiments provide a first glimpse of the conformational dynamics of apo Cas7-11. HDX-MS revealed the backbone comprising the four Cas7 zinc-binding RRM folds are well-folded but insertion sequences are highly dynamic and fold upon binding crRNA. The crRNA causes folding of disordered catalytic loops and {beta}-hairpins, stronger interactions at domain-domain interfaces, and folding of the Cas7.1 processing site. Target RNA binding causes only minor ordering around the catalytic loops of Cas7.2 and Cas7.3. We show that Cas7-11 cannot independently process the CRISPR array and that binding of partially processed crRNA induces multiple states in Cas7-11 and reduces target RNA cleavage. The insertion domain shows the most ordering upon binding of mature crRNA. Finally, we show a crRNA-induced conformational change in one of the TPR-CHAT binding sites providing an explanation for why crRNA binding facilitates TPR-CHAT binding. The results provide the first glimpse of the apo state of Cas7-11 and reveal how its structure and function are regulated by crRNA binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brogan, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.01.606276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-RNA binding drives structural ordering that primes Cas7-11 for target cleavage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.02.606356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ordering molecular diversity in untargeted metabolomics via molecular community networking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.02.606356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natures molecular diversity is not random but displays intricate organization stemming from biological necessity. Molecular networking connects metabolites with structural similarity, enabling molecular discoveries from mass spectrometry data using arbitrary similarity thresholds that can fracture natural metabolite families. We present molecular community networking (MCN), that optimizes connectivity for each metabolite, rescuing lost relationships and capturing otherwise "hidden" metabolite connections. Using MCN, we demonstrate the discovery of novel dipeptide-conjugated bile acids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotfi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahiadu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portal Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boginski, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semenov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.02.606356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ordering molecular diversity in untargeted metabolomics via molecular community networking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activated Interferon Signaling Suppresses Age-Dependent Liver Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age is a major risk factor for liver cancer, as is the case for most adult human cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. A better understanding of the role of aging in liver and other cancers can facilitate approaches for risk assessment, early detection and prevention. We hypothesize that age-driven changes render aged liver more sensitive to oncogenic stress and hence tumorigenesis. To investigate how the liver changes with age, we documented the immune profile, transcriptome and epigenome of healthy livers from both young and aged mice, revealing pronounced alterations with aging. Notably, in aged hepatocytes, we identified heightened interferon (IFN) signaling, as well as simultaneous tumor suppressor and oncogene signaling at both bulk and single cell level, suggestive of an aged liver that is poised for neoplasia. To challenge this seemingly poised state, we employed adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of a c-Myc oncogene in young and aged mouse liver hepatocytes in vivo. Analysis of aged hepatocytes expressing c-Myc revealed further elevated expression of IFN Stimulated Genes (ISGs). This ISG upregulation was evident in multiple models of oncogenic stress and transformation in older mice and also observed in aged humans with Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH). We determined that Stat1 is both necessary and sufficient for the age specific elevated ISG expression in old wild type mice. Remarkably, inhibiting Jak/Stat signaling alongside ectopic c-Myc expression led to high-grade hepatocyte dysplasia and tumor formation, selectively in aged mice. Together, these results suggest that an aged liver is in a state of "precarious balance", due to concurrent activation of oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways, but protected against neoplastic progression by IFN-signaling. Age-dependent activation of IFN signaling has been observed in many tissues and recent studies have demonstrated its detrimental consequences on aging, raising the question as to why IFN-signaling is activated during aging. We propose that aged tissues are intrinsically at higher risk of cancer and age-dependent activation of IFN-signaling is an adaptive process to protect from tumorigenesis, but one that also has maladaptive consequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Havas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lande, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evensen, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varanasi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teneche, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPorte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reisz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proulx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sacco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadel, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niedernhofer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Alesssandro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.606057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activated Interferon Signaling Suppresses Age-Dependent Liver Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.10.607470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling collagen fibril degradation as a function of matrix microarchitecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.10.607470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collagenolytic degradation is a process fundamental to tissue remodeling. The microarchitecture of collagen fibril networks changes during development, aging, and disease. Such changes to microarchitecture are often accompanied by changes in matrix degradability. In vitro, collagen matrices of the same concentration but different microarchitectures also vary in degradation rate. How do different microarchitectures affect matrix degradation? To answer this question, we developed a computational model of collagen degradation. We first developed a lattice model that describes collagen degradation at the scale of a single fibril. We then extended this model to investigate the role of microarchitecture using Brownian dynamics simulation of enzymes in a multi-fibril three dimensional matrix to predict its degradability. Our simulations predict that the distribution of enzymes around the fibrils is non-uniform and depends on the microarchitecture of the matrix. This non-uniformity in enzyme distribution can lead to different extents of degradability for matrices of different microarchitectures. Our model predictions were tested using in vitro experiments with synthesized collagen gels of different microarchitectures. Experiments showed that indeed degradation of collagen depends on the matrix architecture and fibril thickness. In summary, our study shows that the microarchitecture of the collagen matrix is an important determinant of its degradability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debnath, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.10.607470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling collagen fibril degradation as a function of matrix microarchitecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.13.605467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered Nanotopographies Induce Transient Openings in the Nuclear Membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.13.605467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Materials with engineered nano-scale surface topographies, such as nanopillars, nanoneedles, and nanowires, mimic natural structures like viral spike proteins, enabling them to bypass biological barriers like the plasma membrane. These properties have led to applications in nanoelectronics for intracellular sensing and drug delivery platforms, some of which are already in clinical trials. Here, we present evidence that nanotopographic materials can induce transient openings in the nuclear membranes of various cell types without penetrating the cells, breaching the nucleo-cytoplasmic barrier and allowing uncontrolled molecular exchange across the nuclear membrane. These openings, induced by nanoscale curvature, are temporary and repaired through ESCRT-mediated mechanisms. Our findings suggest a potential for nano topographic materials for direct nuclear sensing and delivery, holding promise for improving the delivery, efficiency, and safety of therapeutic agents to the nucleus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarikhani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meganathan, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadr, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosseini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naghsh-Nilchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHugh, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.13.605467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered Nanotopographies Induce Transient Openings in the Nuclear Membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Suppression of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by a Three-Phage Cocktail: Genomic Insights and Kinetic Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In our era of rising antibiotic resistance, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (STM) is an understudied, gram-negative, aerobic bacterium widespread in the environment and increasingly causing opportunistic infections. Treating STM infections remains difficult, leading to an increase in disease severity and higher hospitalization rates in people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF), cancer, and other immunocompromised health conditions. The lack of effective antibiotics has led to renewed interest in phage therapy; however, there is a need for well-characterized phages. In response to an oncology patient with a respiratory infection, we collected 18 phages from Southern California wastewater influent that exhibit different plaque morphology against STM host strain B28B, cultivated from a blood sample. Here, we characterize the genomes and life cycle kinetics of our STM phage collection. We hypothesize that genetically distinct phages give rise to unique lytic life cycles that can enhance bacterial killing when combined into a phage cocktail compared to the individual phages alone. We identified three genetically distinct clusters of phages, and a representative from each group was screened for potential therapeutic use and investigated for infection kinetics. The results demonstrated that the three-phage cocktail significantly suppressed bacterial growth compared to individual phages when observed for 48 hours. We also assessed the lytic impacts of our three-phage cocktail against a collection of 46 STM strains to determine if a multi-phage cocktail can expand the host range of individual phages. Our phages remained strain-specific and infect >50% of tested strains. The multi-phage cocktail maintains bacterial growth suppression and prevents the emergence of phage-resistant strains throughout our 40-hour assay. These findings suggest specialized phage cocktails may be an effective avenue of treatment for recalcitrant STM infections resistant to current antibiotics.

IMPORTANCEPhage therapy could provide a vital strategy in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacterial infections; however, significant knowledge gaps remain. This study investigates phage cocktail development for the opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (STM). Our findings contribute novel phages, their lytic characteristics, and limitations when exposed to an array of clinically relevant STM strains. Eighteen bacteriophages were isolated from wastewater influent from Escondido, California, and subjected to genomic analysis. We investigated genetically distinct phages to establish their infection kinetics and developed them into a phage cocktail. Our findings suggest that a genetically distinct STM phage cocktail provides an effective strategy for bacterial suppression of host strain B28B and five other clinically relevant STM strains. Phage therapy against STM remains poorly understood, as only 39 phages have been previously isolated. Future research into the underlying mechanism of how phage cocktails overwhelm the host bacteria will provide essential information that could aid in optimizing phage applications and impact alternative treatment options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monsibais, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tea, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatbale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suder, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samillano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, S. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.14.607921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Suppression of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by a Three-Phage Cocktail: Genomic Insights and Kinetic Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.15.608187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation of giant ER sheets by pentadecanoic acid causes lipotoxicity in fission yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.15.608187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excess amounts of saturated fatty acids are toxic to organisms, a condition termed lipotoxicity, which is often accompanied by pleiotropic cellular and tissue dysfunction. Here we show that pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) exerts toxicity on the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by generating an aberrantly planar endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure, which we named a "giant ER sheet." Untargeted lipidomics revealed that C15:0 is incorporated into complex lipids depending on an acyl-CoA ligase Lcf1 and an acyl-CoA transferase Slc1, thereby increasing the saturation level of the acyl chains. The toxicity and giant ER sheet formation were abolished by deleting Lcf1 or Slc1, indicating that the incorporation of C15:0 into glycerophospholipids causes giant ER sheet formation. The giant ER sheets disrupted the correct migration of Mid1, a protein determining the cell division site, and physically blocked septum formation, hindering correct cell separation. Our results suggest that the ER is the primary site targeted by saturated fatty acids, leading to lipotoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoshikawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirota, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsugawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuyama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yashiroda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakeya, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iizumi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimura, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.15.608187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation of giant ER sheets by pentadecanoic acid causes lipotoxicity in fission yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.608241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PanKB: An interactive microbial pangenome knowledgebase for research, biotechnological innovation, and knowledge mining 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.608241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The exponential growth of microbial genome data presents unprecedented opportunities for mining the potential of microorganisms. The burgeoning field of pangenomics offers a framework for extracting insights from this big biological data. Recent advances in microbial pangenomic research have generated substantial data and literature, yielding valuable knowledge across diverse microbial species. PanKB (pankb.org), a knowledgebase designed for microbial pangenomics research and biotechnological applications, was built to capitalize on this wealth of information. PanKB currently includes 51 pangenomes on 8 industrially relevant microbial families, comprising 8, 402 genomes, over 500, 000 genes, and over 7M mutations. To describe this data, PanKB implements four main components: 1) Interactive pangenomic analytics to facilitate exploration, intuition, and potential discoveries; 2) Alleleomic analytics, a pangenomic- scale analysis of variants, providing insights into intra-species sequence variation and potential mutations for applications; 3) A global search function enabling broad and deep investigations across pangenomes to power research and bioengineering workflows; 4) A bibliome of 833 open- access pangenomic papers and an interface with an LLM that can answer in-depth questions using their knowledge. PanKB empowers researchers and bioengineers to harness the full potential of microbial pangenomics and serves as a valuable resource bridging the gap between pangenomic data and practical applications.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pashkova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieters, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harke, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.16.608241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PanKB: An interactive microbial pangenome knowledgebase for research, biotechnological innovation, and knowledge mining]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.608272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity supports overnight emotional memory retention in older adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.608272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportancePreserving the ability to vividly recall emotionally rich experiences contributes to quality of life in older adulthood. While prior work suggests that moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) may bolster memory, it is unclear whether this extends to emotionally salient memories consolidated during sleep.

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between engagement in physical activity (PA) and overnight emotional memory retention and examine whether theoretically replacing 30-minutes of lower-intensity activity with MPA is associated with better consolidation.

Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional study of 40 community-dwelling older adults free of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Data were collected from May 2018 to July 2022 and analyzed from January to July 2024.

ExposuresParticipants completed an overnight polysomnography (PSG) with emotional memory tested before and after sleep and a self-report questionnaire assessing habitual PA.

Main Outcome(s) and Measures(s)Emotional memory performance was assessed via recognition memory or mnemonic discrimination performance. Overnight memory retention was calculated by subtracting immediate test from delayed test performance for both recognition memory and mnemonic discrimination, with more negative scores indicating lower memory retention. Frequency and duration of MPA, light-intensity PA, non-exertive activity, and sedentary behavior were calculated from the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Activities Questionnaire for Older Adults. Isotemporal substitution modelling evaluated whether statistically reallocating time spent in sedentary and lower-intensity activity to MPA was associated with better overnight memory retention.

ResultsData from 40 participants were analyzed ({square}age=72.3{+/-}5.8, 26 female). Better overnight emotional recognition memory retention was associated with the frequency ({beta}=0.663, SE=0.212, p=0.003) and duration ({beta}=0.214, SE=0.101, p=0.042) of MPA. No relationships were found with mnemonic discrimination or neutral recognition memory. Statistically modelling the replacement of 30 minutes of lower-intensity activity with MPA was associated with better overnight retention of emotional memories ({beta}=0.108, SE=0.048, p=0.030), but not neutral ({beta}=-0.029, SE=0.069, p=0.679).

Conclusions and RelevanceMPA may enhance sleep-dependent consolidation of emotional memories in older adults. Modest increases in MPA may yield significant benefits for sleep-dependent emotional memory retention. These findings may guide interventions to preserve memory function and inform public health recommendations by demonstrating that substituting even short durations of low-intensity activity for MPA could produce significant cognitive gains relevant for maintaining quality of life in older adulthood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chappel-Farley, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berisha, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kline, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janecek, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neikrug, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benca, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yassa, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mander, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.16.608272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity supports overnight emotional memory retention in older adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.17.608367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A florigen-expressing subpopulation of companion cells expresses other small proteins and reveals a nitrogen-sensitive FT repressor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.17.608367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The precise onset of flowering is crucial to ensure successful plant reproduction. The gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) encodes florigen, a mobile signal produced in leaves that initiates flowering at the shoot apical meristem. In response to seasonal changes, FT is induced in phloem companion cells located in distal leaf regions. Thus far, a detailed molecular characterization of the FT-expressing cells has been lacking. Here, we used bulk nuclei RNA-seq and single nuclei RNA (snRNA)-seq to investigate gene expression in FT-expressing cells and other phloem companion cells. Our bulk nuclei RNA-seq demonstrated that FT-expressing cells in cotyledons and true leaves showed differences especially in FT repressor genes. Within the true leaves, our snRNA-seq analysis revealed that companion cells with high FT expression form a unique cluster in which many genes involved in ATP biosynthesis are highly upregulated. The cluster also expresses other genes encoding small proteins, including the flowering and stem growth inducer FPF1-LIKE PROTEIN 1 (FLP1) and the anti-florigen BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT). In addition, we found that the promoters of FT and the genes co-expressed with FT in the cluster were enriched for the consensus binding motifs of NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1 (NIGT1). Overexpression of the paralogous NIGT1.2 and NIGT1.4 repressed FT expression and significantly delayed flowering under nitrogen-rich conditions, consistent with NIGT1s acting as nitrogen-dependent FT repressors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that major FT-expressing cells show a distinct expression profile that suggests that these cells may produce multiple systemic signals to regulate plant growth and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takagi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubota, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hempton, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bubb, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandre, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurihara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tada, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiba, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruneda-Paz, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queitsch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuperus, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imaizumi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.17.608367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A florigen-expressing subpopulation of companion cells expresses other small proteins and reveals a nitrogen-sensitive FT repressor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.607671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional mapping of epigenetic regulators uncovers coordinated tumor suppression by the HBO1 and MLL1 complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.607671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic dysregulation is widespread in cancer. However, the specific epigenetic regulators and the processes they control to drive cancer phenotypes are poorly understood. Here, we employed a novel, scalable and high-throughput in vivo method to perform iterative functional screens of over 250 epigenetic regulatory genes within autochthonous oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumors. We identified multiple novel epigenetic tumor suppressor and tumor dependency genes. We show that a specific HBO1 complex and the MLL1 complex are among the most impactful tumor suppressive epigenetic regulators in lung. The histone modifications generated by the HBO1 complex are frequently absent or reduced in human lung adenocarcinomas. The HBO1 and MLL1 complexes regulate chromatin accessibility of shared genomic regions, lineage fidelity and the expression of canonical tumor suppressor genes. The HBO1 and MLL1 complexes are epistatic during lung tumorigenesis, and their functional correlation is conserved in human cancer cell lines. Together, these results demonstrate the value of quantitative methods to generate a phenotypic roadmap of epigenetic regulatory genes in tumorigenesis in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuldiner, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebert, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmakar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrejka, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolcen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boross, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashkin, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenleaf, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voss, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Rijn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winslow, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.607671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional mapping of epigenetic regulators uncovers coordinated tumor suppression by the HBO1 and MLL1 complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Drives Bi-Directional Changes in Excitability in Prefrontal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Graphical AbstractVarying inter-train intervals (ITIs) during theta burst stimulation (TBS) differentially modulates neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Short ITIs (e.g., ITI 4 s) induce strong glutamatergic excitation but fail to induce long-term changes post-stimulation. By contrast, an extended ITI of 20 seconds (eTBS, green star) optimally enhances long-term excitability in glutamatergic neurons while suppressing GABAergic interneurons, indicating a shift in excitation-inhibition balance that promotes cortical plasticity.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=113 SRC="FIGDIR/small/608693v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1000">
View larger version (38K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@113f13dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4317d7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d25dd5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10e6e3f_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG SummaryElectrical theta burst stimulation (TBS) with different inter-train intervals (ITIs) was first used to characterize bidirectional synaptic plasticity in brain slices. Despite a lack of understanding of mechanism, TBS has been adopted by rTMS research and clinical protocols to drive plasticity in the human brain, with variable results. To uncover how TBS modulates excitability in vivo, we systematically screen the impact of electrical TBS with different ITIs on rodent cortical neurons. Short inter-train intervals (4-10s) increased calcium activity in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons during stimulation, whereas extended ITIs (20s) yielded modest but significant activation of glutamatergic cells and minimal activation of GABAergic cells. TBS with an ITI of 20s emerged as a plasticity "sweet spot" that maximized long-term activation of glutamatergic neurons, potentially through suppression of GABAergic neurons(1-3). Translating our novel iTBS electrical stimulation protocol to rTMS interventions has the potential to deliver heightened plasticity and improved therapeutic outcomes.

HighlightsSystematic manipulation of inter-train intervals (ITIs) reveals an optimal 20s ITI for TBS-induced plasticity.

Extended ITIs enhance excitability in glutamatergic neurons while suppressing GABAergic activity.

PV interneurons are preferentially recruited during short-interval TBS, limiting sustained plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salimi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Drives Bi-Directional Changes in Excitability in Prefrontal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Modal Large Language Model Enables Protein Function Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.19.608729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting the functions of proteins can greatly accelerate biological discovery and applications, where deep learning methods have recently shown great potential. However, these methods predominantly predict protein functions as discrete categories, which fails to capture the nuanced and complex nature of protein functions. Furthermore, existing methods require the development of separate models for each prediction task, a process that can be both resource-heavy and time-consuming. Here, we present ProteinChat, a versatile, multi-modal large language model that takes a proteins amino acid sequence as input and generates comprehensive narratives describing its function. ProteinChat is trained using over 1,500,000 (protein, prompt, answer) triplets curated from the Swiss-Prot dataset, covering diverse functions. This novel model can universally predict a wide range of protein functions, all within a single, unified framework. Furthermore, ProteinChat supports interactive dialogues with human users, allowing for iterative refinement of predictions and deeper exploration of protein functions. Our experimental results, evaluated through both human expert assessment and automated metrics, demonstrate that ProteinChat outperforms general-purpose LLMs like GPT-4, one of the flagship LLMs, by over ten-fold. In addition, ProteinChat exceeds or matches the performance of task-specific prediction models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlof, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.19.608729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Modal Large Language Model Enables Protein Function Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.20.608824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of the Follow-Up Discourse Observation Protocol (FUDOP) for characterizing instructor active-learning follow-up behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.20.608824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Instructors can provide feedback to their class in multiple ways. One way is through their follow-up behaviors, which are the specific strategies instructors implement after active learning activities. These behaviors could play an important role in student learning as students can receive feedback from the instructor. However, there is little research on the effects of different types of follow-up behaviors. Follow-up after active learning can be seen as a form of discourse between the instructor and the entire class. Previous researchers developed the Classroom Discourse Observation Protocol (CDOP) to analyze discourse between the instructor and individual students or small groups. We used CDOP as a starting point to develop and validate a new protocol, the Follow-Up Discourse Observation Protocol (FUDOP), to characterize instructional follow-up behaviors to the entire class after active-learning activities. We then used FUDOP to characterize follow-up behaviors of multiple instructors in introductory biology courses at three different universities. We measured consistent differences in these behaviors across instructors but not within instructors, demonstrating that instructors may engage in consistent follow-up behaviors. FUDOP could allow instructors and researchers to better measure and analyze follow-up behaviors and their effects, which could in turn provide guidance to instructors and faculty developers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kight, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranzfelder, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.20.608824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of the Follow-Up Discourse Observation Protocol (FUDOP) for characterizing instructor active-learning follow-up behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Olfactory receptor coexpression and co-option in the dengue mosquito 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The olfactory sensory neurons of vinegar flies and mice tend to express a single ligand-specific receptor. While this  one neuron-one receptor motif has long been expected to apply broadly across insects, recent evidence suggests it may not extend to mosquitoes. We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of 46,000 neurons from antennae of the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti to resolve all olfactory, thermosensory, and hygrosensory neuron subtypes and identify the receptors expressed therein. We find that half of all olfactory subtypes coexpress multiple receptors. However, coexpression occurs almost exclusively among genes from the same family--among odorant receptors (ORs) or among ionotropic receptors (IRs). Coexpression of ORs with IRs is exceedingly rare. Many coexpressed receptors are recent duplicates. In other cases, the recruitment or co-option of single receptors by multiple neuron subtypes has placed these genes together in the same cells with distant paralogs. Close examination of data from Drosophila reveal rare cases of both phenomena, indicating that the olfactory systems of these two species are not fundamentally different, but instead fall at different locations along a continuum likely to encompass diverse insects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adavi, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Anjos, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metz, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zung, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Olfactory receptor coexpression and co-option in the dengue mosquito]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for visualizing polyamine levels, uptake, and distribution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.609037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyamines are abundant and physiologically essential biomolecules that play a role in numerous processes, but are disrupted in diseases such as cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Despite their importance, measuring free polyamine concentrations and monitoring their metabolism and uptake in cells in real-time remains impossible due to the lack of appropriate biosensors. Here we engineered, characterized, and validated the first genetically encoded biosensors for polyamines, named iPASnFRs. We demonstrate the utility of iPASnFR for detecting polyamine import into mammalian cells, to the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and the nucleus. We demonstrate that these sensors are useful to probe the activity of polyamine transporters and to uncover biochemical pathways underlying the distribution of polyamines amongst organelles. The sensors powered a high-throughput small molecule compound library screen, revealing multiple compounds in different chemical classes that strongly modulate cellular polyamine levels. These sensors will be powerful tools to investigate the complex interplay between polyamine uptake and metabolic pathways, address open questions about their role in health and disease, and enable screening for therapeutic polyamine modulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tamura, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jaeger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangheluwe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Looger, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.609037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for visualizing polyamine levels, uptake, and distribution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tactile Mechanisms and Afferents Underlying the Rat Pup Transport Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Juvenile rodents and other altricial mammals react with calming, immobility and folding up of feet to parental pickup, a set of behaviors referred to as transport response. Here we investigate sensory mechanisms underlying the rat transport response. Grasping rat pups in anterior neck positions evokes strong immobility and folding up of feet, whereas more posterior grasping positions have lesser effects on immobility and foot position. Transport responses are enhanced by slow (1Hz) and even more so by fast (4Hz) gentle shaking and translation of the pup, features consistent with parental transport. In response to lateral grasping, the forepaw below the grasping position points downwards and the forepaw lateral to the grasping position points upwards and medially. Such forepaw adjustments put the pups center of gravity below the grasping point, optimizing pup transportability along with folding up of feet and tail lifting. Tactile stimuli on the back, belly, tail, whisker, dorsal forepaws and dorsal hind-paws do not significantly affect the behaviour of anterior-neck-held pups. Instead, ground contact or paw stimulation consistent with ground contact disrupts transport responses. We identify afferents mediating the transport response by examining membrane labelling with FM1-43 following anterior neck grasping. We observe a dense innervation of the anterior neck skin region ([~]30 terminals/ mm2). We also observed an age-related decrease of cytochrome oxidase reactivity in the rat somatosensory cortical neck representation, a possible correlate to the developmental decrease in the pup transport response. We conclude anterior neck grasping and loss of ground contact trigger calming and postural adjustments for parental transport in rat pups, responses putatively driven from the densely innervated anterior neck skin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neifert, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosete, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeely, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemens, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tactile Mechanisms and Afferents Underlying the Rat Pup Transport Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enrichment analysis for spatial and single-cell metabolomics accounting for molecular ambiguity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryImaging mass spectrometry (imaging MS) has advanced spatial and single-cell metabolomics, but the reliance on MS1 data complicates the accurate identification of molecular structures, not being able to resolve isomeric and isobar molecules. This prevents application of conventional methods for overrepresentation analysis (ORA) and metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA). To address this, we introduce S2IsoMEr R package and a web app for METASPACE, which uses bootstrapping to propagate isomeric/isobaric ambiguities into the enrichment analysis. We demonstrate S2IsoMEr for single-cell metabolomics and the METASPACE web app for spatial metabolomics.

Availability and ImplementationMETASPACE web app can be used on existing and new datasets submitted to METASPACE (https://metaspace2020.eu). The source code for the S2IsoMEr R package is available on GitHub (https://github.com/alexandrovteam/S2IsoMEr).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wadie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molenaar, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieira, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enrichment analysis for spatial and single-cell metabolomics accounting for molecular ambiguity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
E-cigarettes increase the risk of adenoma formation in murine colorectal cancer model. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.23.609469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundE-cigarettes (E.cigs) cause inflammation and damage to human organs, including the lungs and heart. In the gut, E.cig vaping promotes inflammation and gut leakiness. Further, E.cig vaping increases tumorigenesis in oral and lung epithelial cells by inducing mutations and suppressing host DNA repair enzymes. It is well known that cigarette (cig) smoking increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). To date, it is unknown whether E.cig vaping impacts CRC development.

MethodsA mouse model of human familial adenomatous polyposis (CPC-APC) was utilized wherein a mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, CDX2-Cre-APCMin/+, leads to the development of colon adenomas within 16 weeks. Mice were exposed to air (controls), E.cig vaping, cig, or both (dual exposure). After 4 weeks of 2-hour exposures per day (1 hour of each for dual exposures), the colon was collected and assessed for polyp number and pathology scores by microscopy. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and cancer stem cell markers were quantified. DNA damage such as double-strand DNA breaks was evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blot and gene-specific long amplicon qPCR. DNA repair enzyme levels (NEIL-2, NEIL-1, NTH1, and OGG1) were quantified by western blot. Proliferation markers were assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA.

ResultsCPC-APC mice exposed to E.cig, cig, and dual exposure developed a higher number of polyps compared to controls. Inflammatory proteins, DNA damage, and cancer stemness markers were higher in E-cig, cig, and dual-exposed mice as well. DNA damage was found to be associated with the suppression of DNA glycosylases, particularly with NEIL-2 and NTH1. E.cig and dual exposure both stimulated cancer cell stem markers (CD44, Lgr-5, DCLK1, and Ki67). The effect of E.cigs on polyp formation and CRC development was less than that of cigs, while dual exposure was more tumorigenic than either of the inhalants alone.

ConclusionE.cig vaping promotes CRC by stimulating inflammatory pathways, mediating DNA damage, and upregulating transcription of cancer stem cell markers. Critically, combining E.cig vaping with cig smoking leads to higher levels of tumorigenesis. Thus, while the chemical composition of these two inhalants, E.cigs and cigs, is highly disparate, they both drive the development of cancer and when combined, a highly common pattern of use, they can have additive or synergistic effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sayed, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inouye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tocci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Advani, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazra, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty Alexander, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.23.609469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[E-cigarettes increase the risk of adenoma formation in murine colorectal cancer model.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.24.609520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A link between aging and persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.24.609520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSRACTDespite the various strategies that microorganisms have evolved to resist antibiotic treatments, most chronic infections are caused by subpopulations of susceptible bacteria in a transient state of dormancy. This phenotype, known as bacterial persistence, arises due to a natural and ubiquitous heterogeneity of growth states in bacterial populations. Nonetheless, the unifying mechanism of persistence remains unknown, with several pathways being able to trigger the phenotype. Here, we show that asymmetric damage partitioning, a form of cellular aging, produces the underlying phenotypic heterogeneity upon which persistence is triggered. Using single-cell microscopy and microfluidic devices, we demonstrate that deterministic asymmetry in exponential phase populations leads to a state of growth stability, which prevents the spontaneous formation of persisters. However, as populations approach stationary phase, aging bacteria -- those inheriting more damage upon division -- exhibit a sharper growth rate decline, increased probability of growth arrest, and higher persistence rates. These results indicate that persistence triggers are biased by bacterial asymmetry, thus acting upon the deterministic heterogeneity produced by cellular aging. This work suggests unifying mechanisms for persistence and offers new perspectives on the treatment of recalcitrant infections.

IMPORTANCEWhenever bacterial cultures are treated with antibiotics, a fraction of the population survives despite exhibiting no active resistance mechanisms. These "persisters" are cells in a state of slow growth or dormancy, already present in the population prior to antibiotic exposure. Although various stressors or mutations increase persistence rates, a unifying persistence mechanism has not been established. Here, we show that cellular aging can represent such a mechanism. Bacteria age through the inheritance of intracellular damage, which occurs even in unstressed populations. As populations approach stationary phase, aging Escherichia coli have a steeper decline in elongation rates and earlier division arrest compared to younger cells. Upon antibiotic treatment, aging bacteria have higher persistence rates. These results show that stationary phase, a well-established persistence trigger, operates on the phenotypic heterogeneity produced by cellular aging. Because aging is a deterministic and ubiquitous process, it could represent a fundamental mechanism for the formation of persisters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Proenca, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rang, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.24.609520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A link between aging and persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.24.609531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking text-integrated protein language model embeddings and embedding fusion on diverse downstream tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.24.609531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein language models (pLMs) have become essential tools in computational biology, powering diverse applications from variant effect prediction to protein engineering. Central to their success is the use of pretrained embeddings-contextualized representations of amino acid sequences-which enable effective transfer learning, especially in data-scarce settings. However, recent studies have revealed that standard masked language modeling objectives often produce representations that are misaligned with the needs of downstream tasks. While scaling up model size improves performance in some cases, it does not universally yield better representations. In this study, we investigate two complementary strategies for improving pLM representations: (1) integrating text annotations through contrastive learning, and (2) combining multiple embeddings via embedding fusion. We benchmark six text-integrated pLMs (tpLMs) and three large-scale pLMs across six biologically diverse tasks, showing that no single model dominates across settings. Fusion of multiple tpLMs embeddings improves performance on most tasks but presents a computational bottleneck due to the combinatorial number of possible combinations. To overcome this, we introduce greedier forward selection, a linear-time algorithm that efficiently identifies near-optimal embedding subsets. We validate its utility through two case studies, homologous sequence recovery and protein-protein interaction prediction, demonstrating new state-of-the-art results in both. Our work highlights embedding fusion as a practical and scalable strategy for improving protein representations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ko, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.24.609531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking text-integrated protein language model embeddings and embedding fusion on diverse downstream tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610213v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scale reactor designs extend the physical limits of CO2 fixation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.28.610213v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CO2 valorization is a promising strategy for climate adaptation and transitioning towards a circular carbon economy. Here, we present a multi-scale, integrated systems approach for designing biomanufacturing systems that can utilize CO2 as a feedstock, focusing on the Wood-Ljungdahl and reductive glycine pathways. This approach relies on first principles, coupling the optimization of pathway and process variables. We examine the CO2-fixation capacity of both pathways in single- and multi-compartment reactor systems, demonstrating that the reductive glycine pathway has the potential to fix CO2 at significantly higher rates than photosynthetic organisms. We show that small differences in the energy-dissipative and stoichiometric structures of carbon-fixation pathways could significantly impact optimal designs and feasible design spaces. Our first-principle, systems-level approach quantifies these differences and uncovers strategies to expand the design space and extend the physical limits of carbon fixation, offering insights into pathway selection and process configurations for efficient biomanufacturing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akbari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.28.610213</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scale reactor designs extend the physical limits of CO2 fixation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated Dual-Channel Retrograde Signaling Directs Stress Responses by Degrading the HAT1/TPL/IMPalpha-9 Suppressor Complex and Activating CAMTA3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intricate communication between plastids and the nucleus, shaping stress-responsive gene expression, has long intrigued researchers. This study combines genetics, biochemical analysis, cellular biology, and protein modeling to uncover how the plastidial metabolite MEcPP activates the stress-response regulatory hub known as the Rapid Stress Response Element (RSRE). Specifically, we identify the HAT1/TPL/IMP- 9 suppressor complex, where HAT1 directly binds to RSRE and its activator, CAMTA3, masking RSRE and sequestering the activator. Stress-induced MEcPP disrupts this complex, exposing RSRE and releasing CAMTA3, while enhancing Ca2+ influx and raising nuclear Ca2+levels crucial for CAMTA3 activation and the initiation of RSRE- containing gene transcription. This coordinated breakdown of the suppressor complex and activation of the activator highlights the dual-channel role of MEcPP in plastid-to- nucleus signaling. It further signifies how this metabolite transcends its expected biochemical role, emerging as a crucial initiator of harmonious signaling cascades essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress.

SummaryThis study uncovers how the stress-induced signaling metabolite MEcPP disrupts the HAT1/TPL/IMP-9 suppressor complex, liberating the activator CAMTA3 and enabling Ca2+ influx essential for CAMTA3 activation, thus orchestrating stress responses via repressor degradation and activator induction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palayam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez Mendez, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ven, W. v. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruneda-Paz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shabek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehesh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.610327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated Dual-Channel Retrograde Signaling Directs Stress Responses by Degrading the HAT1/TPL/IMPalpha-9 Suppressor Complex and Activating CAMTA3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.31.610587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metacognition in Putative Magno- and Parvocellular Vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.31.610587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major distinction in early visual processing is the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways. The MC pathway preferentially processes motion, transient events, and low spatial frequencies, while the PC pathway preferentially processes color, sustained events, and high spatial frequencies. Prior work has theorized that the PC pathway more strongly contributes to conscious object recognition via projections to the ventral "what" visual pathway, whereas the MC pathway underlies non-conscious, action-oriented motion and localization processing via the dorsal stream "where/how" pathway. This invites the question: Are we equally aware of activity in both pathways? And if not, do task demands interact with which pathway is more accessible to awareness? We investigated this question in a set of two studies measuring participants metacognition for stimuli biased towards MC or PC processing. The "Steady/Pulsed Paradigm" presents brief stimuli under two conditions thought to favor either pathway. In the "pulsed" condition, the target appears atop a strong luminance pedestal which theoretically saturates the transient MC response and leaves the PC pathway to process the stimulus. In the "steady" condition, the stimulus is identical except the luminance pedestal is constant throughout the trial, rather than flashed alongside the target. This theoretically adapts the PC neurons and leaves MC for processing. Experiment 1 was a spatial localization task thought to rely on information relayed from the MC pathway. Using both a model-based and model-free approach to quantify participants metacognitive sensitivity to their own task performance, we found greater metacognition in the steady (MC-biased) condition. Experiment 2 was a fine-grained orientation-discrimination task more reliant on PC pathway information. Our results show an abolishment of the MC pathway advantage seen in Experiment 1 and suggest that the metacognitive advantage for MC processing may hold for stimulus localization tasks only. More generally, our results highlight the need to consider the possibility of differential access to low-level stimulus properties in studies of visual metacognition
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pilipenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nukala, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Torre, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.31.610587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metacognition in Putative Magno- and Parvocellular Vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methods for high throughput discovery of fluoroprobes that recognize tau fibril polymorphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.02.610853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) into conformationally distinct fibrils underpins neurodegenerative tauopathies. Fluorescent probes (fluoroprobes), such as thioflavin T (ThT), have been essential tools for studying tau aggregation; however, most of them do not discriminate between amyloid fibril conformations (polymorphs). This gap is due, in part, to a lack of high-throughput methods for screening large, diverse chemical collections. Here, we leverage advances in protein adaptive differential scanning fluorimetry (paDSF) to screen the Aurora collection of 300+ fluorescent dyes against multiple synthetic tau fibril polymorphs. This screen, coupled with orthogonal secondary assays, revealed pan-fibril binding chemotypes, as well as fluoroprobes selective for subsets of fibrils. One fluoroprobe recognized tau pathology in ex vivo brain slices from Alzheimers disease patients. We propose that these scaffolds represent entry points for development of selective fibril ligands and, more broadly, that high throughput, fluorescence-based dye screening is a platform for their discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carroll, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oehler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charvat, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millbern, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinueza, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degrado, W. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mordes, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gestwicki, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.02.610853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methods for high throughput discovery of fluoroprobes that recognize tau fibril polymorphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Mapping of RNA-Protein Associations via Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-protein interactions are crucial for regulating gene expression and cellular functions, with their dysregulation potentially impacting disease progression. Systematically mapping these interactions is resource-intensive due to the vast number of potential RNA and protein interactions. Here, we introduce PRIM-seq (Protein-RNA Interaction Mapping by sequencing), a method for the concurrent de novo identification of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and the elucidation of their associated RNAs. PRIM-seq works by converting each RNA-protein pair into a unique chimeric DNA sequence, which is then decoded through DNA sequencing. Applied to two human cell types, PRIM-seq generated a comprehensive human RNA-protein association network (HuRPA), consisting of more than 350,000 RNA-proteins pairs involving approximately 7,000 RNAs and 11,000 proteins. The data revealed an enrichment of previously reported RBPs and RNA-protein interactions within HuRPA. We also identified LINC00339 as a protein-associating non-coding RNA and PHGDH as an RNA-associating protein. Notably, PHGDH interacts with BECN1 and ATF4 mRNAs, suppressing their protein expression and consequently inhibiting autophagy, apoptosis, and neurite outgrowth while promoting cell proliferation. PRIM-seq offers a powerful tool for discovering RBPs and RNA-protein associations, contributing to more comprehensive functional genome annotations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Mapping of RNA-Protein Associations via Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoupling Coldness and Softness in Tactile Wetness Perception Using Tunable Hydrogels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the perception of tactile wetness, a complex sensation experienced by humans. Previous research has primarily focused on either thermal or mechanical cues separately, or has used textiles as stimuli whose parameters are difficult to control. Here, we employed polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying stiffness levels soaked in liquids of distinct thermal conductivities. By psychophysically evaluating participants perception of wetness, we showed that the wetness judgments for the samples exhibit a transitive relationship based on the mechanical and thermal cues from an intrinsically tunable organic material. We developed a prediction model of human wetness judgment with an accuracy of 90% and found that the best metrics for the most accurate model were those that were the most human-adjacent: change in temperature at the skin-sample interface (thermal) and compressive force from 2 mm indentation of the sample (mechanical). Given these parameters, we developed a perceptual space capable of recreating 7 distinct levels of wetness perception with the physical parameters used in this study. The results provide insights into the relative contributions of mechanical and thermal stimulus properties in wetness perception. Most notably, this work highlights that the physical characteristics of the skin-stimulus interface can provide ample information for creating a wetness perceptual space, as opposed to the chemical composition of the hydrogels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Becerra, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Root, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafeedi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapadia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, T. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouw, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipomi, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.611060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoupling Coldness and Softness in Tactile Wetness Perception Using Tunable Hydrogels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Distinct Alternative mRNA Splicing Profile Identifies the Oncogenic CD44 Transcript Variant 3 in KMT2A-Rearranged Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), which constitutes of 10-15% of all pediatric ALL cases, is known for its complex pathology due to pervasive genetic and chromosomal abnormalities. Although most children are successfully cured, chromosomal rearrangements involving the KMT2A (KMT2A) gene is considered a poor prognostic factor. In a cohort of 171 pediatric T-ALL samples we have studied differences in gene and splice variant patterns in KMT2A rearranged (KMT2A-r) T-ALL compared to KMT2A negative (KMT2A-wt) T-ALL samples. Our results have identified a distinct gene expression and splice variant expression pattern in pediatric KMT2A-r patient samples including significant expression of splicing regulatory markers ESRP1 and MBNL3. Additionally, the pro-survival long transcript variant of BCL2 were upregulated in KMT2A-r compared to KMT2A-wt T-ALL samples. Lastly, increased levels of activating methylation in the promoter region of CD44 were identified followed by an upregulation of the oncogenic transcript variant CD44v3 in KMT2A-r T-ALL. Together this suggests that CD44v3 could play a potential role as gene expression-based risk stratification of KMT2A-r rearranged T-ALL and could possibly serve as a therapeutic target using splicing modulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramilo Amor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enlund, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermanson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirazi Fard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Distinct Alternative mRNA Splicing Profile Identifies the Oncogenic CD44 Transcript Variant 3 in KMT2A-Rearranged Pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acetylation of lysine 82 initiates TDP-43 nuclear loss of function by disrupting its nuclear import 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hallmark of a spectrum of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), is a TDP-43 proteinopathy that includes nuclear loss of function and cytoplasmic aggregation. Here, reduced proteasome activity, as naturally occurs during aging, is shown to inhibit nuclear import of TDP-43. Quantitative mass spectrometry is used to determine that TDP-43 is the protein whose nuclear localization is most perturbed upon reduction in proteasome activity, culminating in elevated cytoplasmic TDP-43. Interaction of importin-1 with the bipartite classical nuclear localization sequence (cNLS) of TDP-43 is shown to be disrupted by partial proteasome inhibition but maintained by replacement with a PY-NLS that is recognized by importin-{beta}2. Mechanistically, this nuclear depletion of TDP-43 is shown to be driven by ubiquitination or acetylation of lysines 79, 82, and 84 within the cNLS when proteasome activity is reduced in human neurons. Specifically, acetylation at lysine 82 is sufficient to abolish TDP-43 binding to importin-1 and subsequent nuclear import of TDP-43. Moreover, using acetylation-specific TDP-43 antibodies, we detected acetylation of lysine 82 in the motor cortex of sporadic ALS patients but not control subjects. Our findings demonstrate that post-translational acetylation at lysine 82 of TDP-43 drives disruption of its importin-1-mediated nuclear import and is sufficient to initiate TDP-43 nuclear loss of function and cytoplasmic accumulation, evidence supporting acetylation as a plausible initiator of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baughn, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acetylation of lysine 82 initiates TDP-43 nuclear loss of function by disrupting its nuclear import]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.609312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Planar cell polarity coordination in a cnidarian embryo provides clues to animal body axis evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.609312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Body axis specification is a crucial event in animal embryogenesis and was an essential evolutionary innovation for founding the animal kingdom. It involves two distinct components that coordinate to establish the spatial organisation of the embryo: initiation of cascades of regionalised gene expression and orientation of morphogenetic processes such as body elongation. Intense interest in the first component has revealed Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling as ancestrally responsible for initiating regional gene expression, but the evolutionary origin of oriented morphogenesis has received little attention. Here, by addressing the cell and morphological basis of body axis development in embryos of the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica, we have uncovered a simple and likely ancestral coordination mechanism between Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling and directed morphogenesis. We show that the ligand Wnt3, known to initiate oral gene expression via localised Wnt/{beta}-catenin pathway activation, also has a key {beta}-catenin-independent role in globally orienting planar cell polarity (PCP) to direct morphogenesis along the oral-aboral axis. This PCP orientation occurs in two distinct steps: local orientation by Wnt3 and global propagation by conserved core PCP protein interactions along the body axis. From these findings we propose novel scenarios for PCP-driven symmetry-breaking underlying the emergence of the animal body plan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uveira, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leria, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechable, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahaye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vesque, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houliston, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.609312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Planar cell polarity coordination in a cnidarian embryo provides clues to animal body axis evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancer activation from transposable elements in extrachromosomal DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) drives oncogene amplification and intratumoral heterogeneity in aggressive cancers. While transposable element (TE) reactivation is common in cancer, its role on ecDNA remains unexplored. Here, we map the 3D architecture of MYC-amplified ecDNA in colorectal cancer cells and identify 68 ecDNA-interacting elements (EIEs)--genomic loci enriched for TEs that are frequently integrated onto ecDNA. We focus on an L1M4a1#LINE/L1 fragment co-amplified with MYC, which functions only in the ecDNA amplified context. Using CRISPR-CATCH, CRISPR interference, and reporter assays, we confirm its presence on ecDNA, enhancer activity, and essentiality for cancer cell fitness. These findings reveal that repetitive elements can be reactivated and co-opted as functional rather than inactive sequences on ecDNA, potentially driving oncogene expression and tumor evolution. Our study uncovers a mechanism by which ecDNA harnesses repetitive elements to shape cancer phenotypes, with implications for diagnosis and therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kraft, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhargava-Shah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeke, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boettiger, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancer activation from transposable elements in extrachromosomal DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Putting computational models of immunity to the test - an invited challenge to predict B. pertussis vaccination outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.611290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systems vaccinology studies have been used to build computational models that predict individual vaccine responses and identify the factors contributing to differences in outcome. Comparing such models is challenging due to variability in study designs. To address this, we established a community resource to compare models predicting B. pertussis booster responses and generate experimental data for the explicit purpose of model evaluation. We here describe our second computational prediction challenge using this resource, where we benchmarked 49 algorithms from 53 scientists. We found that the most successful models stood out in their handling of nonlinearities, reducing large feature sets to representative subsets, and advanced data preprocessing. In contrast, we found that models adopted from literature that were developed to predict vaccine antibody responses in other settings performed poorly, reinforcing the need for purpose-built models. Overall, this demonstrates the value of purpose-generated datasets for rigorous and open model evaluations to identify features that improve the reliability and applicability of computational models in vaccine response prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shinde, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willemsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burel, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastidar, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunleavy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einav, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forschmiedt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenbaum, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gygi, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakoty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobie, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konstorum, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lock, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahita, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nili, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orfield, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyna, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorenson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thrupp, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tip</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.611290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Putting computational models of immunity to the test - an invited challenge to predict B. pertussis vaccination outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.07.611813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biophysical modeling of membrane curvature generation and curvature sensing by the glycocalyx 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.07.611813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Generation of membrane curvature is fundamental to cellular function. Recent studies have established that the glycocalyx, a sugar-rich polymer layer at the cell surface, can generate membrane curvature. While there have been some theoretical efforts to understand the interplay between the glycocalyx and membrane bending, there remain open questions about how the properties of the glycocalyx affect membrane bending. For example, the relationship between membrane curvature and the density of glycosylated proteins on its surface remains unclear. In this work, we use polymer brush theory to develop a detailed biophysical model of the energetic interactions of the glycocalyx with the membrane. Using this model, we identify the conditions under which the glycocalyx can both generate and sense curvature. Our model predicts that the extent of membrane curvature generated depends on the grafting density of the glycocalyx and the length of the polymers constituting the glycocalyx. Furthermore, when coupled with the intrinsic membrane properties such as spontaneous curvature and a line tension along the membrane, the curvature generation properties of the glycocalyx are enhanced. These predictions were tested experimentally by examining the propensity of glycosylated transmembrane proteins to drive the assembly of highly-curved filopodial protrusions at the plasma membrane of adherent mammalian cells. Our model also predicts that the glycocalyx has curvature sensing capabilities, in agreement with the results of our experiments. Thus, our study develops a quantitative framework for mapping the properties of the glycocalyx to the curvature generation capability of the membrane.

Significance StatementThe glycocalyx is a dense layer of glycosylated transmembrane proteins and lipids distributed on the extracellular surface of eukaryotic cells. It is known to mediate cell-cell interactions and protect cells from invasion by pathogens. However, recently it has been found to play a role in generating membrane curvature, which is essential to diverse cellular functions spanning from endocytosis to cell division. Experiments have revealed that different membrane shapes: spherical vesicles, pearls, and tubes are regulated by the glycocalyx. However, currently, we lack a quantitative physical explanation of how glycocalyx properties determine membrane geometries. Here we develop a polymer brush theory-based model, which suggests that the interplay between glycocalyx polymers and membrane bending captures the wide variety of membrane shapes from spherical buds to elongated pearl-like shapes found in previously published experiments. We predict that the physical properties of glycocalyx polymers, line tension, and membrane elastic parameters play significant roles in regulating membrane morphologies. We find that the glycocalyx prefers higher local membrane curvature indicating that the glycocalyx can sense local curvature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.07.611813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biophysical modeling of membrane curvature generation and curvature sensing by the glycocalyx]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of somatostatin interneurons in stabilizing network activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibition stabilization enables cortical circuits to encode sensory signals across diverse contexts. Somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons are well-suited for this role through their strong recurrent connectivity with excitatory pyramidal cells. We developed a cortical circuit model predicting that SST cells become increasingly important for stabilization as sensory input strengthens. We tested this prediction in mouse primary visual cortex by manipulating excitatory input to SST cells, a key parameter for inhibition stabilization, with a novel cell-type specific pharmacological method to selectively block glutamatergic receptors on SST cells. Consistent with our model predictions, we find antagonizing glutamatergic receptors drives a paradoxical facilitation of SST cells with increasing stimulus contrast. In addition, we find even stronger engagement of SST-dependent stabilization when the mice are aroused. Thus, we reveal that the role of SST cells in cortical processing gradually switches as a function of both input strength and behavioral state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cammarata, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shields, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, S. S. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Amand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadross, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glickfeld, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.612138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral state and stimulus strength regulate the role of somatostatin interneurons in stabilizing network activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient genome replication in influenza A virus requires NS2 and sequence beyond the canonical promoter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza A virus encodes promoters in both the sense and antisense orientations. These support the generation of new genomes, antigenomes, and mRNA transcripts. Using minimal replication assays--transfections with viral polymerase, nucleoprotein, and a genomic template--the influenza promoter sequences were identified as 13nt at the 5 end of the viral genomic RNA (U13) and 12nt at the 3 end (U12). Other than the fourth 3 nucleotide, the U12 and U13 sequences are identical between all eight RNA molecules that comprise the segmented influenza genome. Despite possessing identical promoters, individual segments can exhibit different transcriptional dynamics during infection. However flu promoter sequences were defined in experiments without influenza NS2, a protein which modulates transcription and replication differentially between genomic segments. This suggests that the identity of the "complete" promoter may depend on NS2. Here we assess how internal sequences of two genomic segments, HA and PB1, may contribute to NS2-dependent replication as well as map such interactions down to individual nucleotides in PB1. We find that the expression of NS2 significantly alters sequence requirements for efficient replication beyond the identical U12 and U13 sequence, providing a mechanism for the divergent replication and transcription dynamics across the influenza A virus genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swaminath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remick, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mejia, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guereca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>te Velthuis, A. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient genome replication in influenza A virus requires NS2 and sequence beyond the canonical promoter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.612086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Proteins Influencing CRISPR-Associated Transposases for Enhanced Genome Editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.612086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Associated Transposases (CASTs) hold tremendous potential for microbial genome editing due to their ability to integrate large DNA cargos in a programmable and site-specific manner. However, the widespread application of CASTs has been hindered by their low efficiency in diverse, non-model bacteria. In an effort to address this shortcoming, we conducted the first genome-wide screen for host factors impacting Vibrio cholerae CAST (VchCAST) activity and used the findings to increase VchCAST editing efficiency. A genome-wide loss-of-function mutant library in E. coli was screened to identify 15 genes that impact type VchCAST transposition. Of these, seven factors were validated to improve VchCAST activity and two were found to be inhibitory. Informed by homologous recombination involved effectors, RecD and RecA, we tested the {lambda}-Red recombineering system in our VchCAST editing vectors, which increased its insertion meditated-editing efficiency by 25.7-fold in E. coli while maintaining high target specificity and similar insertion arrangements. Furthermore, {lambda}-Red-enhanced VchCAST achieved increased editing efficiency in the industrially important bacteria Pseudomonas putida and the emerging pathogen Klebsiella michiganensis. This study improves understanding of factors impacting VchCAST activity and enhances its efficiency as a bacterial genome editor.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=81 SRC="FIGDIR/small/612086v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alker, A. T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oromi-Bosch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swartz, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinson, J. N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovinsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutschbauer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cress, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubin, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.11.612086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Proteins Influencing CRISPR-Associated Transposases for Enhanced Genome Editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the Schwann Cell EP2/cAMP Nanodomain to Block Pain but not Inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analgesia by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is ascribed to inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis and ensuing inflammation. However, NSAIDs have life-threatening side effects, and inhibition of inflammation delays pain resolution. Decoupling the mechanisms underlying PG-evoked pain vs. protective inflammation would facilitate pain treatment. Herein, we reveal that selective silencing of the PGE2 EP2 receptor in Schwann cells via an adeno-associated viral vector abrogates the indomethacin-sensitive component of pain-like responses in mice elicited by inflammatory stimuli without affecting inflammation. In human Schwann cells and in mice, EP2 activation and optogenetic stimulation of adenylyl cyclase evokes a plasma membrane-compartmentalized cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signal that, via A-kinase anchor protein-associated protein kinase A, sustains inflammatory pain-like responses, but does not delay their resolution. Thus, an unforeseen and druggable EP2 receptor in Schwann cells, via specific cAMP nanodomains, encodes PG-mediated persistent inflammatory pain but not protective inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nassini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chieca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Souza Monteiro de Araujo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pensieri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abruzzese, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Siena, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Giorgi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romitelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancolini, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonello, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peach, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastricci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scuffi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bunnett, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Logu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geppetti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the Schwann Cell EP2/cAMP Nanodomain to Block Pain but not Inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cholinergic feedback for context-specific modulation of sensory representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.10.612274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains ability to prioritize behaviorally relevant sensory information is crucial for adaptive behavior, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in modulating olfactory bulb (OB) circuits in mice.

Calcium imaging of cholinergic feedback axons in OB revealed that their activity is strongly correlated with orofacial movements, with little responses to passively experienced odor stimuli. However, when mice engaged in an odor discrimination task, OB cholinergic axons rapidly shifted their response patterns from movement-correlated activity to odor-aligned responses.

Notably, these odor responses during olfactory task engagement were absent in cholinergic axons projecting to the dorsal cortex. The level of odor responses correlated with task performance. Inactivation of OB-projecting cholinergic neurons during task engagement impaired performance and reduced odor responses in OB granule cells. Thus, the cholinergic system dynamically modulates sensory processing in a modality-specific and context-dependent manner, providing a mechanism for a flexible and adaptive sensory prioritization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.612274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cholinergic feedback for context-specific modulation of sensory representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding Specificity of Cyanobacterial MysDs in Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Biosynthesis through Heterologous Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are potent natural UV-protectants, but their industrial production is hindered by efficiency and sustainability issues of large-scale extraction of their native hosts. Heterologous expression of MAA biosynthesis pathway genes in chassis organisms provides a promising alternative route, though the substrate promiscuity of the ATP-grasp ligase MysD complicates the biosynthesis of specific MAAs. In this study, we developed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with enhanced capacity of producing mycosporine-glycine (MG), through genomic expression of biosynthesis pathway genes and knockout of competing pathway genes. This strain serves as an efficient MysD expression platform, which converts MG into shinorine and porphyra-334. Through structural modelling, site-directed mutagenesis and mutant characterization, we identified two residues on the omega-loop of MysD involved in determining product specificity. We further characterized the product specificity of 20 MysDs from diverse cyanobacterial lineages and confirmed the residue pattern-product specificity correlation. Our findings provide guidance for screening, selecting, and designing novel MysDs for industrial-scale MAA production through heterologous expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding Specificity of Cyanobacterial MysDs in Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Biosynthesis through Heterologous Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combined transcriptomic, connectivity, and activity profiling of the medial amygdala using highly amplified multiplexed in situ hybridization (hamFISH) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In situ transcriptomic technologies provide a promising avenue to link gene expression, connectivity, and physiological properties of neural cell types. Commercialized methods that allow the detection of hundreds of genes in situ, however, are expensive and therefore typically used for generating unimodal reference data rather than for resource-intensive multimodal analyses. A major bottleneck is the lack of a routine means to efficiently generate cell type data. Here, we have developed hamFISH (highly amplified multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization), which enables the sequential detection of 32 genes using multiplexed branched DNA amplification. We used hamFISH to profile the projection, activity, and transcriptomic diversity of the medial amygdala (MeA), a critical node for innate social and defensive behaviors in mice. In total, we profiled 643,834 cells and classified neurons into 16 inhibitory and 10 excitatory types, many of which were found to be spatially clustered. We then examined the organization of outputs of these cells and activation profiles during different social contexts. Therefore, by facilitating multiplexed detection of single molecule RNAs, hamFISH provides a streamlined and versatile platform for multimodal profiling of specific brain nuclei.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edwards, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sueda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gubanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakner, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murchie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraway, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isogai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combined transcriptomic, connectivity, and activity profiling of the medial amygdala using highly amplified multiplexed in situ hybridization (hamFISH)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.15.613114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating and Comparing Measures of Aperiodic Neural Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.15.613114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuro-electrophysiological recordings contain prominent aperiodic activity - meaning irregular activity, with no characteristic frequency - which has variously been referred to as 1/f (or 1/f-like activity), fractal, or  scale-free activity. Previous work has established that aperiodic features of neural activity is dynamic and variable, relating (between subjects) to healthy aging and to clinical diagnoses, and also (within subjects) tracking conscious states and behavioral performance. There are, however, a wide variety of conceptual frameworks and associated methods for the analyses and interpretation of aperiodic activity - for example, time domain measures such as the autocorrelation, fractal measures, and/or various complexity and entropy measures, as well as measures of the aperiodic exponent in the frequency domain. There is a lack of clear understanding of how these different measures relate to each other and to what extent they reflect the same or different properties of the data, which makes it difficult to synthesize results across approaches and complicates our overall understanding of the properties, biological significance, and demographic, clinical, and behavioral correlates of aperiodic neural activity. To address this problem, in this project we systematically survey the different approaches for measuring aperiodic neural activity, starting with an automated literature analysis to curate a collection of the most common methods. We then evaluate and compare these methods, using statistically representative time series simulations. In doing so, we establish consistent relationships between the measures, showing that much of what they capture reflects shared variance - though with some notable idiosyncrasies. Broadly, frequency domain methods are more specific to aperiodic features of the data, whereas time domain measures are more impacted by oscillatory activity. We extend this analysis by applying the measures to a series of empirical EEG and iEEG datasets, replicating the simulation results. We conclude by summarizing the relationships between the multiple methods, emphasizing opportunities for re-examining previous findings and for future work.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammonds, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lybrand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waschke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.15.613114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating and Comparing Measures of Aperiodic Neural Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Manipulating attentional priority creates a trade-off between memory and sensory representations in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
People often remember visual information over brief delays while actively engaging with ongoing inputs from the surrounding visual environment. Depending on the situation, one might prioritize mnemonic contents (i.e., remembering details of a past event), or preferentially attend sensory inputs (i.e., minding traffic while crossing a street). Previous fMRI work has shown that early sensory regions can simultaneously represent both mnemonic and passively viewed sensory information. Here we test the limits of such simultaneity by manipulating attention towards sensory distractors during a working memory task performed by human subjects during fMRI scanning. Participants remembered the orientation of a target grating while a distractor grating was shown during the middle portion of the memory delay. Critically, there were several subtle changes in the contrast and the orientation of the distractor, and participants were cued to either ignore the distractor, detect a change in contrast, or detect a change in orientation. Despite sensory stimulation being matched in all three conditions, the fidelity of memory representations in early visual cortex was highest when the distractor was ignored, intermediate when participants attended distractor contrast, and lowest when participants attended the orientation of the distractor during the delay. In contrast, the fidelity of distractor representations was lowest when ignoring the distractor, intermediate when attending distractor-contrast, and highest when attending distractor-orientation. These data suggest a trade-off in early sensory representations when engaging top-down feedback to attend both seen and remembered features and may partially explain memory failures that occur when subjects are distracted by external events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rademaker, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Manipulating attentional priority creates a trade-off between memory and sensory representations in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type-II kinase inhibitors that target Parkinson's Disease-associated LRRK2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant increases in kinase activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with Parkinsons disease (PD). Numerous LRRK2-selective type-I kinase inhibitors have been developed and some have entered clinical trials. In this study, we present the first LRRK2-selective type-II kinase inhibitors. Targeting the inactive conformation of LRRK2 is functionally distinct from targeting the active-like conformation using type-I inhibitors. We designed these inhibitors using a combinatorial chemistry approach fusing selective LRRK2 type-I and promiscuous type-II inhibitors by iterative cycles of synthesis supported by structural biology and activity testing. Our current lead structures are selective and potent LRRK2 inhibitors. Through cellular assays, cryo-electron microscopy structural analysis, and in vitro motility assays, we show that our inhibitors stabilize the open, inactive kinase conformation. These new conformation-specific compounds will be invaluable as tools to study LRRK2s function and regulation, and expand the potential therapeutic options for PD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raig, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surridge, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz-Murillo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dederer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwalm, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanke, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type-II kinase inhibitors that target Parkinson's Disease-associated LRRK2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lateral prefrontal cortex controls interplay between working memory and actions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans must often keep multiple task goals in mind, at different levels of priority and immediacy, while also interacting with the environment. We might need to remember information for an upcoming task while engaged in more immediate actions. Consequently, actively maintained working memory (WM) content may bleed into ongoing but unrelated motor behavior. Here, we experimentally test the impact of WM maintenance on action execution, and we transcranially stimulate lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) to parse its functional contributions to WM-motor interactions. We first created a task scenario wherein human participants (both sexes) executed cued hand movements during WM maintenance. We manipulated the compatibility between WM and movement goals at the trial level and the statistical likelihood that the two would be compatible at the block level. We found that remembering directional words (e.g.,  left,  down) biased the trajectory and speed of hand movements that occurred during the WM delay, but the bias was dampened in blocks when WM content predictably conflicted with movement goals. Then we targeted left lateral PFC with two different transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocols before participants completed the task. We found that an intermittent theta-burst protocol, which is thought to be excitatory, dampened sensitivity to block-level control demands (i.e., proactive control), while a continuous theta-burst protocol, which is thought to be inhibitory, dampened adaptation to trial-by- trial conflict (i.e., reactive control). Therefore, lateral PFC is involved in controlling the interplay between WM content and manual action, but different PFC mechanisms may support different time-scales of adaptive control.

Significance StatementWorking memory (WM) allows us to keep information active in mind to achieve our moment-to-moment goals. However, WM maintenance may sometimes unintentionally shape our externally-geared actions. This study formalizes the everyday "action slips" humans commit when we type out or say the wrong word in conversation because it was held in mind for a different goal. The results show that internally maintained content can influence ongoing hand movements, but this interplay between WM and motor behavior depends on the cortical excitability state of the lateral PFC. Neural perturbation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shows that temporarily increasing or decreasing PFC excitability can make participants more or less susceptible to the impact of WM on actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kiyonaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Esposito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lateral prefrontal cortex controls interplay between working memory and actions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic variation in the activity of a TREM2-p53 signaling axis determines oxygen-inducedlung injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease, is the most common major complication of preterm birth. Supplemental oxygen administration, while lifesaving in the neonatal period, remains a key determinant of BPD pathophysiology. Exposure of the immature lung to increased levels of oxygen elicits an inflammatory response resulting in abnormal lung development. However, not every premature infant is equally sensitive to develop BPD. Using genetically diverse mouse strains, we show that the innate immune response activated in the lungs of mice sensitive to hyperoxia that develop BPD-like lung injury differs from mice resilient to disease. Specifically, we identified a selective upregulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) on lung macrophages and monocytes in the hyperoxia-sensitive C57BL/6J mouse strain. We show that loss of function of TREM2 signaling in myeloid cells resulted in a dramatically improved phenotype after neonatal hyperoxia exposure characterized by a dampened immune response, preserved alveolar structure, and preserved cell proliferative potential supporting normal lung development. At the molecular level, inhibition of TREM2 signaling dampened the magnitude of p53 activation and resulted in cell cycle arrest instead of apoptosis. These findings show that TREM2 is a critical regulator of the pathogenic innate immune response to hyperoxia and highlight its importance as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating injury in the hyperoxia-exposed developing lung.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spann, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard, J. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seymour, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanthavixay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longaker, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic variation in the activity of a TREM2-p53 signaling axis determines oxygen-inducedlung injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613180v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Untargeted and Semi-Targeted Metabolomics Approach for Profiling Small Intestinal and Fecal Metabolome Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613180v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem varying along different gut sections, consisting of metabolites from food, host, and microbes. Microbially-derived metabolites like bile acids and short-chain fatty acids interact with host physiology. Current studies often use fecal samples, which dont fully represent the upper gut due to stratification. To sample the proximal gut microbiome, endoscopic methods or new non-invasive devices are used. We developed an approach combining untargeted and semi-targeted metabolomics using a Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer to profile gut metabolites. We initially selected 49 key metabolites based on specific criteria, validated them through repeatability tests, and created a compound database with TraceFinder software. Our workflow enables molecule annotation in untargeted studies while validating 37 metabolites in semitargeted analyses. This method, applied to clinical trial samples (NCT05477069), shows promise in discovering new gut metabolites.

HighlightsO_LIInnovative Combined Metabolomics Workflow: The study introduces a combined approach that integrates semi-targeted and untargeted metabolomics analyses to characterized small intestinal and fecal metabolomes. This method allows for the relative quantification of carefully selected metabolites and the reanalysis of these metabolites using evolving curated databases, enhancing the understanding of the gut microbiome-health axis.
C_LIO_LIUntargeted Metabolomics Strategy: The untargeted approach aims to determine the global metabolic profile of samples and discover new metabolites. This involves processing data through a detailed pipeline, statistical analysis, and feature annotation using tools like MZmine, MetaboAnalyst, and the GNPS platform.
C_LIO_LIProof of Concept on Clinical Samples: The combined approach was tested on clinical samples from a participant in a clinical trial, revealing distinct metabolomes between small intestinal content and fecal samples. This proof of concept demonstrated the methods ability to identify and quantify metabolites, showing significant differences in metabolite abundance between the two sample types and highlighting the potential for discovering new bile acids through molecular networking.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>TRONEL, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roger-Margueritat, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plazy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunin, v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soranzo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LE GOUELLEC, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613180</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Untargeted and Semi-Targeted Metabolomics Approach for Profiling Small Intestinal and Fecal Metabolome Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic growth coupling strategies for in vivo enzyme selection systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-cell biocatalysis facilitates the production of a wide range of industrially and pharmaceutically relevant molecules from sustainable feedstocks such as plastic wastes, carbon dioxide, lignocellulose, or plant-based sugar sources. The identification and use of efficient enzymes in the applied biocatalyst is key to establishing economically feasible production processes. The generation and selection of favorable enzyme variants in adaptive laboratory evolution experiments using growth as a selection criterion is facilitated by tightly coupling enzyme catalytic activity to microbial metabolic activity. Here, we present a computational workflow to design strains that have a severe, growth-limiting metabolic chokepoint through a shared class of enzymes. The resulting chassis cell, termed enzyme selection system (ESS), is a platform for growth-coupling any enzyme from the respective enzyme class, thus offering cross-pathway application for enzyme engineering purposes. By applying the constraint-based modeling workflow, a publicly accessible database of 25,505 potential and experimentally tractable ESS designs was built for Escherichia coli and a broad range of production pathways with biotechnological relevance. Model-based analysis of the generated design database reveals a general design principle that the target enzyme activity is linked to overall microbial metabolic activity, not just the synthesis of one biomass precursor. Furthermore, the use of currently available genome-reduced strains or one preeminent carbon source does not significantly enable or improve growth-coupling of target enzymes. Most importantly, observed trade-offs between the predicted viability of ESSs, the design-inflicted metabolic perturbations, and the coupling strength suggest that a suboptimal coupling has benefits regarding the experimental implementation of ESSs and growth-coupling in general. Overall, the computed design database, which is accessible through https://biosustain.github.io/ESS-Designs/, and its analysis lay the foundation for generating valuable in vivo ESSs for a range of biotechnological applications.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=170 SRC="FIGDIR/small/613188v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (47K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15d5a10org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c4067aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@856ce9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b14cdb_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical abstractC_FLOATNO C_FIG HighlightsO_LIEnzyme selection system designs link enzyme activities to global metabolic processes.
C_LIO_LIEnzymes can be categorized based on growth-couplable reaction stoichiometries.
C_LIO_LIA database of strain designs for building enzyme selection systems was created.
C_LIO_LIEnzyme selection systems enable optimization of a range product synthesis pathways.
C_LIO_LIApplication recommendations: weakly coupled enzyme activities can have practical advantages.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alter, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pieters, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lloyd, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zielinski, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic growth coupling strategies for in vivo enzyme selection systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamic three-dimensional (3D) organization of the human genome (the "4D Nucleome") is closely linked to genome function. Here, we integrate a wide variety of genomic data generated by the 4D Nucleome Project to provide a detailed view of human 3D genome organization in widely used embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs) and immortalized fibroblasts (HFFc6). We provide extensive benchmarking of 3D genome mapping assays and integrate these diverse datasets to annotate spatial genomic features across scales. The data reveal a rich complexity of chromatin domains and their sub-nuclear positions, and over one hundred thousand structural loops and promoter-enhancer interactions. We developed 3D models of population-based and individual cell-to-cell variation in genome structure, establishing connections between chromosome folding, nuclear organization, chromatin looping, gene transcription, and DNA replication. We demonstrate the use of computational methods to predict genome folding from DNA sequence, uncovering potential effects of genetic variants on genome structure and function. Together, this comprehensive analysis contributes insights into human genome organization and enhances our understanding of connections between the regulation of genome function and 3D genome organization in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>The 4D Nucleome Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oksuz, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minsk, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibcus, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krietenstein, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rando, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henikoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kukalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willemin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winick-Ng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempfer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pombo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Schaik, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brueckner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peric-Hupkes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steensel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinodoz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venev, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plewczynski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irastorza Azcarate, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szabo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thieme, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szczepinska,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accept-reject decision-making revealed via a quantitative and ethological study of C. elegans foraging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decision-making is a ubiquitous component of animal behavior that is often studied in the context of foraging. Foragers make a series of decisions while locating food (food search), choosing between food types (diet or patch choice), and allocating time spent within patches of food (patch-leaving). Here, we introduce a framework for investigating foraging decisions using detailed analysis of individual behavior and quantitative modeling in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that C. elegans make accept-reject patch choice decisions upon encounter with food. Specifically, we show that when foraging amongst small, dispersed, and dilute patches of bacteria, C. elegans initially reject several bacterial patches, opting to prioritize exploration of the environment, before switching to a more exploitatory foraging strategy during subsequent encounters. Observed across a range of bacterial patch densities, sizes, and distributions, we use a quantitative model to show that this decision to explore or exploit is guided by available sensory information, internal satiety signals, and learned environmental statistics related to the bacterial density of recently encountered and exploited patches. We behaviorally validated model predictions on animals that had been food-deprived, animals foraging in environments with multiple patch densities, and null mutants with defective sensory modalities. Broadly, we present a framework to study ecologically relevant foraging decisions that could guide future investigations into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haley, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aoi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accept-reject decision-making revealed via a quantitative and ethological study of C. elegans foraging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycosite Mapping and in situ Mass Spectrometry Imaging of MUC2 Glycopeptides via On-slide Digestion with Mucinase StcE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cancers are characterized by altered mucin expression and glycosylation, although the mechanistic relationship between tumor glycosylation and disease progression is not well-defined. Herein, our goal was to map specific mucin glycoforms in diseased tissue, enabling correlation of the tumor glycan profile with malignant features. To this end, we developed a workflow implementing on-tissue digestion with mucinase StcE, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). To optimize our workflow, we analyzed four different mucinous carcinomas derived from colon, esophageal, and salivary gland tissue.

Using this technique, we deduced the spatial distribution of StcE-generated O-glycopeptides within mucinous tumors using MALDI-IMS. Subsequent LC-MS analyses revealed the identity of different species detected in imaging experiments, in addition to comprehensively characterizing the mucinome and proteome of each tissue. Our coupled MS approach unveiled a striking mucin 2 (MUC2) expression pattern in two colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas, in which different glycoforms clearly stratified regions within the tumor. Notably, our LC-MS experiments obtained near-complete sequence coverage over the mucin domains of MUC2, enabling glycoproteomic mapping of this canonical mucin in unprecedented depth. MUC2 glycosylation was dominated by the T and Tn antigens, with surprisingly little sialylation detected. However, O-glycans containing mono- and di-O-acetylated sialic acid were detected in low abundance. Finally, we obtained spectral evidence for an endogenous O-acetylated GalNAc, an O-glycan structure not previously reported in the literature. Overall, this proof-of-concept work underscores the potential of this technique to generate new research avenues in oncology and beyond.

Significance StatementAberrant mucin expression and glycosylation are hallmarks of cancer, but how these changes promote malignant processes are not well understood. Solid tumors are highly heterogeneous in their cellular and molecular composition, and many advanced spatial techniques have emerged in recent years to study the tumor microenvironment (TME) for better understanding disease progression. Spatially resolved glycoprotein analyses typically detect either the protein or glycan components, but not both. We developed a workflow using a dual mass spectrometry approach to map the location of intact glycopeptides in mucinous tumors, enabled by on-tissue digestion with the mucin-specific protease StcE. Future applications of this method on larger patient cohorts will enhance our understanding of glycans in malignancy, identify disease biomarkers, and define therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lowery, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimsley, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stubler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoney, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charkoftaki, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos-Neto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasiliou, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malaker, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycosite Mapping and in situ Mass Spectrometry Imaging of MUC2 Glycopeptides via On-slide Digestion with Mucinase StcE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectivity is dominated by aperiodic, rather than oscillatory, coupling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional connectivity has attracted significant interest in the identification of specific circuits underlying brain (dys-)function. Classical analyses to estimate functional connectivity (i.e., filtering electrophysiological signals in canonical frequency bands and using connectivity metrics) assume that these reflect oscillatory networks. However, this approach conflates non-oscillatory, aperiodic neural activity with oscillations; raising the possibility that these functional networks may reflect aperiodic rather than oscillatory activity. Here, we provide the first study quantifying, in two different human electroencephalography (EEG) databases, the contribution of aperiodic activity on reconstructed oscillatory functional networks in resting state. We found that more than 99% of delta, theta, and gamma functional networks, more than 90% of beta functional networks and between 23 and 55% of alpha functional networks were actually driven by aperiodic activity. While there is no universal consensus on how to identify and quantify neural oscillations, our results demonstrate that oscillatory functional networks are drastically sparser than commonly assumed. These findings suggest that most functional connectivity studies focusing on resting state actually reflect aperiodic networks instead of oscillations-based networks. We highly recommend that oscillatory network analyses first check the presence of aperiodicity-unbiased neural oscillations before estimating their statistical coupling to strengthen the robustness, interpretability, and reproducibility of functional connectivity studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monchy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duprez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houvenaghel, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modolo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectivity is dominated by aperiodic, rather than oscillatory, coupling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antipsychotic-like effects of the selective Rho-kinase 2 inhibitor KD025 in genetic and pharmacological mouse models of schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Copy number variations in the ARHGAP10 gene encoding Rho GTPase-activating protein 10 are significantly associated with schizophrenia. ARHGAP10 negatively regulates RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) signaling. We previously demonstrated that fasudil, a non-selective ROCK inhibitor, exhibited antipsychotic-like effects in several mouse models of schizophrenia. ROCK has two subtypes, ROCK1 and ROCK2. ROCK1 is mainly expressed in the thymus and blood, while ROCK2 is predominantly expressed in the brain. Therefore, it is expected that like fasudil, selective ROCK2 inhibitors will exhibit antipsychotic-like effects, accompanied by a lower incidence of adverse effects due to ROCK1 inhibition. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological models of schizophrenia to investigate whether the selective ROCK2 inhibitor KD025 would show antipsychotic-like effects with a favorable adverse effect profile. Oral administration of KD025 suppressed the abnormal increase in the phosphorylation level of myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit 1, a substrate of ROCK, and ameliorated the decreased spine density of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ mice. Furthermore, KD025 mitigated the methamphetamine-induced impairment of visual discrimination (VD) in Arhgap10 S490P/NHEJ and wild-type mice. KD025 also reduced MK-801-induced impairments of VD, novel object recognition, and hyperlocomotion. Regarding side effects that are commonly seen with typical antipsychotics, KD025 did not affect systolic blood pressure and did not induce extrapyramidal symptoms, hyperprolactinemia, or hyperglycemia at the effective dosage in naive wild-type mice. Taken together, KD025 shows antipsychotic-like effects with a favorable adverse effect profile in genetic and pharmacological mouse models of schizophrenia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fukuzawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawahata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mouri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubota, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachibana, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuzaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nabeshima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaibuchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozaki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizoguchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antipsychotic-like effects of the selective Rho-kinase 2 inhibitor KD025 in genetic and pharmacological mouse models of schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.612508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Kinetic Scout Approach Accelerates Targeted Protein Degrader Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.612508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bifunctional molecules such as targeted protein degraders induce proximity to promote gain-of-function pharmacology. These powerful approaches have gained broad traction across academia and the pharmaceutical industry, leading to an intensive focus on strategies that can accelerate their identification and optimization. We and others have previously used chemical proteomics to map degradable target space, and these datasets have been used to develop and train multiparameter models to extend degradability predictions across the proteome. In this study, we now turn our attention to develop generalizable chemistry strategies to accelerate the development of new bifunctional degraders. We implement lysine-targeted reversible-covalent chemistry to rationally tune the binding kinetics at the protein-of-interest across a set of 25 targets. We define an unbiased workflow consisting of global proteomics analysis, IP/MS of ternary complexes and the E-STUB assay, to mechanistically characterize the effects of ligand residence time on targeted protein degradation and formulate hypotheses about the rate-limiting step of degradation for each target. Our key finding is that target residence time is a major determinant of degrader activity, and this can be rapidly and rationally tuned through the synthesis of a minimal number of analogues to accelerate early degrader discovery and optimization efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadbois, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigua, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunne-Dombrink, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sellers, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.612508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Kinetic Scout Approach Accelerates Targeted Protein Degrader Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific effects of early life unpredictability on hippocampal and amygdala responses to novelty in adolescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundUnpredictable childhood experiences are an understudied form of early life adversity that impacts neurodevelopment in a sex-specific manner. The neurobiological processes by which exposure to early-life unpredictability impacts development and vulnerability to psychopathology remain poorly understood. The present study investigates the sex-specific consequences of early-life unpredictability on the limbic network, focusing on the hippocampus and the amygdala.

MethodsParticipants included 150 youth (54% female). Early life unpredictability was assessed using the Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC). Participants engaged in a task-fMRI scan between the ages of 8 and 17 (223 total observations) measuring BOLD responses to novel and familiar scenes.

ResultsExposure to early-life unpredictability associated with BOLD contrast (novel vs. familiar) in a sex-specific manner. For males, but not females, higher QUIC scores were associated with lower BOLD activation in response to novel vs. familiar stimuli in the hippocampal head and amygdala. Secondary psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses revealed complementary sex-specific associations between QUIC and condition-specific functional connectivity between the right and left amygdala, as well as between the right amygdala and hippocampus bilaterally.

ConclusionExposure to unpredictability in early life has persistent implications for the functional operations of limbic circuits. Importantly, consistent with emerging experimental animal and human studies, the consequences of early life unpredictability differ for males and females. Further, impacts of early-life unpredictability were independent of other risk factors including lower household income and negative life events, indicating distinct consequences of early-life unpredictability over and above more commonly studied types of early life adversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jirsaraie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keator, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risbrough, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glynn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yassa, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baram, T. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific effects of early life unpredictability on hippocampal and amygdala responses to novelty in adolescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human untargeted metabolomics in the gut microbiome era: ethanol vs methanol 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Untargeted metabolomics is frequently performed on human fecal samples in conjunction with sequencing to unravel gut microbiome functionality. As sample collection efforts rapidly expand, with individuals often collecting specimens at home, metabolomics experiments should adapt to accommodate the safety and needs of bulk off-site collections. Here, we show that a 95% ethanol, safe to be shipped and handled, extraction pipeline recovers comparable amounts of metabolites as a validated 50% methanol extraction, preserving metabolic profiles differences between subjects. Additionally, the fecal metabolome remains relatively stable when stored in 95% ethanol for up to a week at room temperature. Finally, we suggest a metabolomics data analysis workflow using robust centered log ratio transformation, which removes variance introduced by different sample weights, allowing for reliable and integration-ready untargeted metabolomics experiments in gut microbiome studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.23.614605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human untargeted metabolomics in the gut microbiome era: ethanol vs methanol]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning-Augmented Sketching Offers Improved Performance for Privacy Preserving and Secure GWAS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The introduction of trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as secure enclaves provided by the Intel SGX technology has enabled secure and privacy-preserving computation on the cloud. The stringent resource limitations, such as memory constraints, required by some TEEs necessitates the development of computational approaches with reduced memory usage, such as sketching. One example is the SkSES method for GWAS on a cohort of case and control samples from multiple institutions, which identifies the most significant SNPs in a privacy-preserving manner without disclosing sensitive genotype information to other institutions or the cloud service provider. Here we show how to improve the performance of SkSES on large datasets by augmenting it with a learning-augmented approach. Specifically, we show how individual institutions can perform smaller scale GWAS on their own datasets and identify two sets of variants according to certain criteria, which are then used to guide the sketching process to more accurately identify significant variants over the collective dataset. The new method achieves up to 40% accuracy gain compared to the original SkSES method under the same memory constraints on datasets we tested on. The code is available at https://github.com/alreadydone/sgx-genome-variants-search.

Contactcenk.sahinalp@nih.gov
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kockan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dokmai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinalp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning-Augmented Sketching Offers Improved Performance for Privacy Preserving and Secure GWAS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.613892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small mammals and their burrows shape the distribution of Coccidioides in soils: a long-term ecological experiment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.613892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFor nearly all human fungal pathogens, the environmental constraints on their distributions remain poorly understood, hindering disease management. Here, we investigated the role of zoonotic host presence, soil conditions, and their interaction on the presence of Coccidioides immitis - an emerging fungal pathogen and causative agent of coccidioidomycosis.

MethodsA long-term experimental study initiated in 2007 in the Carrizo Plain National Monument, California excluded rodents from certain areas (20 by 20-meter exclosures; n = 20) via the installation of submerged mesh fences, leaving emptied burrows intact. We collected 1,988 soil samples over four sampling periods spanning April 2021 to April 2022 using a factorial design that crossed burrows and surface soils (i.e., top 10 cm of soil) with exclosures (i.e., rodent absence) and non-exclosures (i.e., rodent presence). We measured in situ soil moisture, temperature, and vegetation, and analyzed soils for C. immitis DNA.

ResultsThe proportion of samples containing C. immitis was significantly higher (p <0.0001) in burrow samples taken from outside rodent exclosures (i.e., rodents present; 28.5% positive) compared to burrow samples taken from within exclosures (i.e., rodents absent; 19.7%), surface soils outside of exclosures (3.6%) and surface soils within exclosures (0.5%). In generalized linear mixed models adjusting for soil conditions, rodent presence, and sample type (burrow vs. surface soil), we estimated that the odds of detecting C. immitis were 19.2 (95% CI: 11.3 - 36.7, p < 0.0001) times higher in soils taken from burrows compared to surface soils, and 2.6 (95% CI: 1.0 - 5.6, p = 0.049) times higher in soils where rodents were present compared to absent. Soil moisture was the only abiotic factor associated with C. immitis detection (odds ratio per 1% increase in water content: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70 - 0.89, p = 0.0002). In mediation analyses, we estimated that 73.7% (95% CI: 68.9, 78.5) of the total association between rodents and Coccidioides detection effect was attributable to rodent creation of burrows.

ConclusionsRodent creation and occupation of burrows substantially increases C. immitis detection. Synergy between reservoir host presence and environmental conditions may exist for other human fungal pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Head, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camponuri, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radosevich, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattachan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collender, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaney, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couper, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colvin, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larios, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bean, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remais, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.21.613892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small mammals and their burrows shape the distribution of Coccidioides in soils: a long-term ecological experiment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.614250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary fingerprint in rodent PD1 confers weakened activity and enhanced tumor immunity compared to human PD1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.614250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanistic understanding of the immune checkpoint receptor PD1 is largely based on mouse models, but human and mouse PD1 orthologs exhibit only 59.6% identity in amino acid sequences. Here we show that human PD1 is more inhibitory than mouse PD1 due to stronger interactions with the ligands PDL1 and PDL2 and with the effector phosphatase Shp2. A novel motif highly conserved among PD1 orthologs in vertebrates except in rodents is primarily responsible for the differential Shp2 recruitment. Evolutionary analysis suggested that rodent PD1 orthologs uniquely underwent functional relaxation, particularly during the K-Pg boundary. Humanization of the PD1 intracellular domain disrupted the anti-tumor activity of mouse T cells while increasing the magnitude of anti-PD1 response. Together, our study uncovers species-specific features of the PD1 pathway, with implications to PD1 evolution and differential anti-PD(L)1 responses in mouse models and human patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masubuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedrick, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.21.614250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary fingerprint in rodent PD1 confers weakened activity and enhanced tumor immunity compared to human PD1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor-induced endothelial RhoA activation mediates tumor cell transendothelial migration and metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.22.614304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryThe endothelial barrier plays an active role in transendothelial tumor cell migration during metastasis, however, the endothelial regulatory elements of this step remain obscure. Here we show that endothelial RhoA activation is a determining factor during this process. Breast tumor cell-induced endothelial RhoA activation is the combined outcome of paracrine IL-8-dependent and cell-to-cell contact {beta}1 integrin-mediated mechanisms, with elements of this pathway correlating with clinical data. Endothelial-specific RhoA blockade or in vivo deficiency inhibited the transendothelial migration and metastatic potential of human breast tumor and three murine syngeneic tumor cell lines, similar to the pharmacological blockade of the downstream RhoA pathway. These findings highlight endothelial RhoA as a potent, universal target in the tumor microenvironment for anti-metastatic treatment of solid tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sajib, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahra, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamprou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akwii, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tullar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doci, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huveneers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Buul, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markiewski, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bickel, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeda, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zebala, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lionakis, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trasti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikelis, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.22.614304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor-induced endothelial RhoA activation mediates tumor cell transendothelial migration and metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive proteolytic profiling of Aedes aegypti mosquito midgut extracts: Unraveling the blood meal protein digestion system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To sustain the gonotrophic cycle, the Aedes aegypti mosquito must acquire a blood meal from a human or other vertebrate host. However, in the process of blood feeding, the mosquito may facilitate the transmission of several bloodborne viral pathogens (e.g., dengue, Zika, and chikungunya). The blood meal is essential as it contains proteins that are digested into polypeptides and amino acid nutrients that are eventually used for egg production. These proteins are digested by several midgut proteolytic enzymes. As such, the female mosquitos reliance on blood may serve as a potential target for vector and viral transmission control. However, this strategy may prove to be challenging since midgut proteolytic activity is a complex process dependent on several exo- and endo-proteases. Therefore, to understand the complexity of Ae. aegypti blood meal digestion, we used Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry (MSP-MS) to generate global proteolytic profiles of sugar- and blood-fed midgut tissue extracts, along with substrate profiles of recombinantly expressed midgut proteases. Our results reveal a shift from high exoproteolytic activity in sugar-fed mosquitoes to an expressive increase in endoproteolytic activity in blood-fed mosquitoes. This approach allowed for the identification of 146 cleaved peptide bonds (by the combined 6 h and 24 h blood-fed samples) in the MSP-MS substrate library, and of these 146, 99 (68%) were cleaved by the five recombinant proteases evaluated. These reveal the individual contribution of each recombinant midgut protease to the overall blood meal digestion process of the Ae. aegypti mosquito. Further, our molecular docking simulations support the substrate specificity of each recombinant protease. Therefore, the present study provides key information of midgut proteases and the blood meal digestion process in mosquitoes, which may be exploited for the development of potential inhibitor targets for vector and viral transmission control strategies.

Author SummaryThe Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of viral pathogens that can be transmitted directly to humans. For instance, the transmission of dengue, Zika, or chikungunya viruses may happen during the Ae. aegypti acquisition of an infected blood meal. This blood meal is important for the anautogenous mosquito because without the digestion of blood proteins the mosquito will not obtain the necessary nutrients needed for egg production. After imbibing a blood meal, midgut digestive enzymes (proteases) are expressed and secreted into the lumen. To fully understand their roles in blood meal digestion, we used a special technique called Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry (MSP-MS). This method allows us to generate global proteolytic activity profiles of Ae. aegypti midgut tissue extracts that were fed with sugar or blood. In addition, we generated substrate cleavage profiles of recombinantly expressed midgut proteases allowing us to understand the enzyme preferences for blood proteins. Therefore, utilizing this approach, we found the contribution of each individual recombinant protease tested relative to the global activity profile of blood-fed midgut tissue extracts. This may be a starting point for the validation of midgut protease inhibition and the development of a new potential vector control strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simington, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montermoso, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Galvez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serafim, M. S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burata, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallimore, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parungao, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isoe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rascon, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.23.614410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive proteolytic profiling of Aedes aegypti mosquito midgut extracts: Unraveling the blood meal protein digestion system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robotic Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Visualizes Segmental Schlemms Canal Anatomy and Segmental Pilocarpine Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeTo use robotic visible-light OCT (vis-OCT) to study circumferential segmental Schlemms canal (SC) anatomy in mice after topical pilocarpine administration.

MethodsAnterior segment imaging was performed using a vis-OCT sample arm attached to a 6-degree-of-freedom robotic arm to maintain normal (perpendicular) laser illumination aimed at SC around the limbus. Sixteen mice were studied for repeatability testing and to study aqueous humor outflow (AHO) pathway response to topical drug. Pharmaceutical-grade pilocarpine (1%; n = 5) or control artificial tears (n = 9) were given, and vis-OCT imaging was performed before and 15 minutes after drug application. After SC segmentation, SC areas and volumes were measured circumferentially in control- and drug-treated eyes.

ResultsCircumferential vis-OCT provided high-resolution imaging of the anterior segment and AHO pathways, including SC. Segmental SC anatomy was visualized with the average cross-sectional area greatest temporal (3971 {+/-} 328 {micro}m2) and the least nasal (2727 {+/-} 218 {micro}m2; p = 0.018). After pilocarpine administration, the iris became flatter, and SC became larger (pilocarpine: 26.8 {+/-} 5.0% vs. control: 8.9 {+/-} 4.6% volume increase; p = 0.030). However, the pilocarpine alteration was segmental as well, with a greater increase observed superior (pilocarpine: 31.6 {+/-} 8.9% vs. control: 1.8 {+/-} 5.7% volume increase; p = 0.023) and nasal (pilocarpine: 41.1 {+/-} 15.3% vs. control: 13.9 {+/-} 4.5% volume increase; p = 0.045).

ConclusionHigh-resolution circumferential non-invasive imaging using AS-OCT of AHO pathways is possible in living animals with robotic control. Segmental SC anatomy was seen at baseline and was consistent with the known segmental nature of trabecular AHO. Segmental SC anatomical response to a muscarinic agonist was seen as well. Segmental glaucoma drug response around the circumference of AHO pathways is a novel observation that may explain the variable patient response to glaucoma treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kweon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.23.614542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robotic Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Visualizes Segmental Schlemms Canal Anatomy and Segmental Pilocarpine Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic signatures of coral adaptation and recovery following a mass mortality event 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Globally, corals face an increased frequency of mass mortality events (MMEs) as populations experience repeated marine heatwaves which disrupt their obligate algal symbiosis. Despite greater occurrences of MMEs, the relative roles of the environment, host, and symbiont genetic variation in survival and recovery remain unresolved. We explore these roles using high-resolution temporal and spatial whole genome sequencing of corals before, after, and several years following a MME. We show that host genetics has an impact on bleaching and mortality and that selected alleles important for adaptation persist through the next generation. We also demonstrate that survival for the bleaching event was highly polygenic and that allele frequency shifts have reef habitat specificity. This study reveals how MMEs reshape the genomic landscape and the spatial and temporal distribution of genomic diversity within coral populations facing severe threats from global change.

SIGNIFICANCEInvestigations of natural selection in coral genomes following bleaching events have primarily relied on indirect inference, using contemporary populations to explore signatures of past selective pressures, or failed to link these events to the subsequent generation. This has left an open question about the ability of a coral population to adapt from host standing genetic variation in the face of a bleaching event. We demonstrate rapid evolution in a Moorean coral population following an MME from a marine heatwave by capturing allele frequency shifts through time. However, the complex polygenic architecture of bleaching survival shows strong habitat specificity, complicating the path towards a genomic prediction of bleaching.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fifer, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speare, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leinbach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendricks, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkepile, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strader, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.23.614560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic signatures of coral adaptation and recovery following a mass mortality event]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.613341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation to high pressure; insights from the genome of an evolved Escherichia coli strain with increased piezotolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.613341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pressure is a key environmental parameter that influences the activity and distribution of microbial life on our planet. Despite its key role there is still not a definitive list of essential genes for microbial adaptation to life under increasing pressure. In this study we used a previously characterized Escherichia coli strain (AN62) evolved to grow at pressure (60 MPa) non-permissive to the parental strain and performed comparative genomics in order to identify the genome-level adaptations that might allowed the observed pressure-adapted phenotype. We identified 18 mutations in total of which 3 mutations were present in both the parental and evolved strain, 3 mutations were only present in the parental strain, and 12 mutations were observed only in the evolved AN62 strain. Among the characterized mutations we observed a point mutation in the acyl carrier protein (acpPV43G). Complementation experiments revealed that the observed V43G mutation in AcpP is responsible for increased levels of cis-vaccenic acid but is not alone responsible for the pressure adapted phenotype. Further molecular dynamics and docking simulations suggested that the V43G mutation promoted stronger binding of the AcpP protein to partner enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway involved in fatty acid unsaturation.

Data SummaryEscherichia coli reads from the parental and evolved strain have been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accession number RJNA600359. All software used in the bioinformatic analysis is publicly available.

Impact StatementPressure is a key environmental parameter. Two-thirds of our planet is covered by oceans with an average depth of 3800m, which means that the majority of the marine life experiences deep sea conditions. Our results offer a list of gene mutations that could contribute to an improved pressure growth phenotype in Escherichia coli, offering a unique insight on the genome level adaptations that might contribute to high pressure adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allemann, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sztain, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartholow, T. G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, I. P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marietou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.613341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation to high pressure; insights from the genome of an evolved Escherichia coli strain with increased piezotolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Proteostasis Network is a Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenic growth places great strain and dependence on the proteostasis network. This has made proteostasis pathways attractive therapeutic targets in cancer, but efforts to drug these pathways have yielded disappointing clinical outcomes. One exception is proteasome inhibitors, which are approved for frontline treatment of multiple myeloma. However, proteasome inhibitors are largely ineffective for treatment of other cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although reasons for these differences are unknown. Here, we determined that proteasome inhibitors are ineffective in AML due to inability to disrupt proteostasis. In response to proteasome inhibition, AML cells activated HSF1 and autophagy, two key stem cell proteostasis pathways, to prevent unfolded protein accumulation. Inactivation of HSF1 sensitized human AML cells to proteasome inhibition, marked by unfolded protein accumulation, activation of the PERK-mediated integrated stress response, severe reductions in protein synthesis, proliferation and cell survival, and significant slowing of disease progression and extension of survival in vivo. Similarly, combined autophagy and proteasome inhibition suppressed proliferation, synergistically killed AML cells, and significantly reduced AML burden and extended survival in vivo. Furthermore, autophagy and proteasome inhibition preferentially suppressed protein synthesis and induced apoptosis in primary patient AML cells, including AML stem/progenitor cells, without severely affecting normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Combined autophagy and proteasome inhibition also activated the integrated stress response, but surprisingly this occurred in a PKR-dependent manner. These studies unravel how proteostasis pathways are co-opted to promote AML growth, progression and drug resistance, and reveal that disabling the proteostasis network is a promising strategy to therapeutically target AML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunshine, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicenzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crews, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Proteostasis Network is a Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FROG Analysis Ensures the Reproducibility of Genome Scale Metabolic Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and other constraint-based models (CBMs) play a pivotal role in understanding biological phenotypes and advancing research in areas like metabolic engineering, human disease modelling, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. Despite their growing application, a significant challenge remains in ensuring the reproducibility of GEMs, primarily due to inconsistent reporting and inadequate model documentation of model results. Addressing this gap, we introduce FROG analysis, a community-driven initiative aimed at standardizing reproducibility assessments of CBMs and GEMs. The FROG framework encompasses four key analyses--Flux variability, Reaction deletion, Objective function, and Gene deletion--to produce standardized, numerically reproducible FROG reports. These reports serve as reference datasets, enabling model evaluators, curators, and independent researchers to verify the reproducibility of GEMs systematically.

BioModels, a leading repository of systems biology models, has integrated FROG analysis into its curation workflow, enhancing the reproducibility and reusability of submitted GEMs. In our study evaluating 65 GEM submissions from the community, approximately 40% reproduced without intervention, 28% requiring minor adjustments, and 32% needing input from authors. The standardization introduced by FROG analysis facilitated the detection and resolution of issues, ultimately leading to the successful reproduction of all models. By establishing a standardized and comprehensive approach to evaluating GEM reproducibility, FROG analysis significantly contributes to making CBMs and GEMs more transparent, reusable, and reliable for the broader scientific community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratochvil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baskaran, D. K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilken, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghu, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanikumar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raajaraam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malpani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satagopam, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beber, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koduru, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostolizadeh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunha, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santibanez-Palominos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puniya, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helikar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthers, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maranas, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casini, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FROG Analysis Ensures the Reproducibility of Genome Scale Metabolic Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bulk and selective autophagy cooperate to remodel a fungal proteome in response to changing nutrient availability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells remodel their proteomes in response to changing environments by coordinating changes in protein synthesis and degradation. In yeast, such degradation involves both proteasomal and vacuolar activity, with a mixture of bulk and selective autophagy delivering many of the vacuolar substrates. Although these pathways are known to be generally important for such remodeling, their relative contributions have not been reported on a proteome-wide basis. To assess this, we developed a method to pulse-label the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (i.e. Pichia pastoris) with isotopically labeled nutrients, which, when coupled to quantitative proteomics, allowed us to globally monitor protein degradation on a protein-by-protein basis following an environmental perturbation. Using genetic ablations, we found that a targeted combination of bulk and selective autophagy drove the vast majority of the observed proteome remodeling activity, with minimal non-autophagic contributions. Cytosolic proteins and protein complexes, including ribosomes, were degraded via Atg11-independent bulk autophagy, whereas proteins targeted to the peroxisome and mitochondria were primarily degraded in an Atg11-dependent manner. Notably, these degradative pathways were independently regulated by environmental cues. Taken together, our new approach greatly increases the range of known autophagic substrates and highlights the outsized impact of autophagy on proteome remodeling. Moreover, the resulting datasets, which we have packaged in an accessible online database, constitute a rich resource for identifying proteins and pathways involved in fungal proteome remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Telusma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farre, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bulk and selective autophagy cooperate to remodel a fungal proteome in response to changing nutrient availability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intestinal Epithelial PTPN2 Limits Pathobiont Colonization by Immune-Directed Antimicrobial Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsLoss of activity of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), is associated with altered microbiome composition in both human subjects and mice. Further, expansion of the bacterial pathobiont, adherent- invasive E. coli (AIEC), is strongly linked to IBD pathogenesis. The mechanism by which intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) maintain equilibrium between commensal microbiota and immune cells to restrict invading pathobionts is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of IEC-specific PTPN2 in regulating AIEC colonization.

MethodsTamoxifen-inducible, intestinal epithelial cell-specific Ptpn2 knockout mice (Ptpn2{Delta}IEC) and control Ptpn2fl/fl mice were infected with either non-invasive E. coli K12, or fluorescent-tagged mAIEC (mAIECred) for four consecutive days or administered PBS. Subsequently, bacterial colonization in mouse tissues was quantified. mRNA and protein expression were assayed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) or whole tissue lysates by PCR and Western blot. Tissue cytokine expression was determined by ELISA. Intestinal barrier function was determined by in vivo administration of 4 kDa FITC-dextran (FD4) or 70kDa Rhodamine-B dextran (RD70) fluorescent probes. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the localization of tight-junction proteins.

ResultsPtpn2{Delta}IEC mice exhibited increased mAIECred - but not K12 - bacterial load in the distal colon compared to infected Ptpn2fl/fl mice. The higher susceptibility to mAIECred infection was associated with altered levels of antimicrobial peptide (AMPs). Ileal RNA expression of the alpha-defensin AMPs, Defa5 and Defa6, as well as MMP7, was significantly lower in Ptpn2{Delta}IEC vs. Ptpn2fl/fl mice, after mAIECred but not K12 infection. Further, we observed increased tight junction-regulated permeability determined by elevated in vivo FD4 but not RD70 permeability in Ptpn2{Delta}IEC-K12 mice compared to their respective controls. This effect was further exacerbated in Ptpn2{Delta}IEC mAIEC-infected mice. Further, Ptpn2{Delta}IEC mice displayed lower IL-22, IL-6, IL-17A cytokine expression post mAIEC infection compared to Ptpn2fl/fl controls. Recombinant IL-22 reversed the FD4 permeability defect and reduced bacterial burden in Ptpn2{Delta}IEC mice post mAIEC challenge.

ConclusionOur findings highlight that intestinal epithelial PTPN2 is crucial for mucosal immunity and gut homeostasis by promoting anti-bacterial defense mechanisms involving coordinated epithelial-immune responses to restrict pathobiont colonization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spalinger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gries, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canale, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shawki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayoc-Becerra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borneman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCole, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intestinal Epithelial PTPN2 Limits Pathobiont Colonization by Immune-Directed Antimicrobial Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concurrent single-pulse (sp) TMS/fMRI to reveal the causal connectome in healthy and patient populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.614833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience studies have identified neural circuits linked to anxiety, mood, and trauma-related symptoms and focused on their interaction with the medial prefrontal default mode circuitry. Despite these advances, developing new neuromodulatory treatments based on neurocircuitry remains challenging. It remains unclear which nodes within and controlling these circuits are affected and how their impairment is connected to psychiatric symptoms. Concurrent single-pulse (sp) TMS/fMRI offers a promising approach to probing and mapping the integrity of these circuits. In this study, we present concurrent sp-TMS/fMRI data along with structural MRI scans from 152 participants, including both healthy and depressed individuals. The sp-TMS was administered to 11 different cortical sites, providing a dataset that allows researchers to investigate how brain circuits are modulated by spTMS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Glick, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gajawelli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badami, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saggar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etkin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.614833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concurrent single-pulse (sp) TMS/fMRI to reveal the causal connectome in healthy and patient populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic mosaicism reveals developmental organization of trunk neural crest-derived ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural crest generates numerous cell types, but conflicting results leave developmental origins unresolved. Here using somatic mosaic variants as cellular barcodes, we infer embryonic clonal dynamics of trunk neural crest, focusing on the sensory and sympathetic ganglia. From three independent adult neurotypical human donors, we identified 1,278 mosaic variants using deep whole-genome sequencing, then profiled allelic fractions in 187 anatomically dissected ganglia. We found a massive rostrocaudal spread of progenitor clones specific to sensory or sympathetic ganglia, which unlike in the brain, showed robust bilateral distributions. Computational modeling suggested neural crest progenitor fate specification preceded delamination from neural tube. Single-cell multiomic analysis suggested both neurons and glia contributed to the rostrocaudal clonal organization. CRISPR barcoding in mice and live imaging in quail embryos confirmed these clonal dynamics across multiple somite levels. Our findings reveal an evolutionarily conserved clonal spread of cells populating peripheral neural ganglia.

Highlights- Genetic mosaicism and real-time imaging reveal trunk neural crest cellular dynamics.
- DRG or SG cells from different axial levels are more lineage-related than from the same level.
- Cell fate specification of trunk neural crest progenitors occurs before neural tube delamination.
- These aspects of clonal organization are evolutionarily conserved across mammals and avians.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vong, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howarth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meave, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiwani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingsmore, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.615004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic mosaicism reveals developmental organization of trunk neural crest-derived ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.615103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different signaling interpretations by PKC eta and theta control T cell function and exhaustion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.615103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic antigen signaling drives CD8+ T cell exhaustion (TEX) in cancer and chronic infection. However, how the kinase cascades downstream of the T cell receptor drive exhaustion is not understood. We found that continuous agonism of protein kinase C (PKC) causes degradation of PKC theta, but not PKC eta, and induces terminal TEX cells. During chronic infection, PKC theta is necessary to maintain the progenitor exhausted (TEX-PROG) cells, and thus the antigen-specific T cell response, while agonism of PKC eta promotes terminal exhaustion (TEX-TERM) in vitro and in vivo. The cascades downstream of these kinases are distinct, with PKC theta promoting activity of canonical PKC targets in the MAPK and CDK families, while eta promotes activity of other targets, including casein kinase I G2 (CK1G2). Expression of an engineered, degradation-resistant PKC theta, or deletion of the gene encoding CK1G2, improves T cell function and tumor control. Our illustration of multiple therapeutic avenues arising from targeting PKC highlights its centrality in TEX differentiation and its clinical potential in cancer immunotherapy.

HighlightsO_LIPKC theta sustains T cell function while PKC eta promotes terminal exhaustion
C_LIO_LIPKC theta and eta drive distinct phospho-cascades to oppose each others differentiation instructions
C_LIO_LIAn engineered, degradation-resistant PKC theta improves T cell responses in chronic infection and cancer
C_LIO_LIAblation of kinase CK1G2 downstream of PKC eta improves anti-tumor T cell responses
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mann, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knox, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furgiuele, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Globig, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPorta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghassemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farsakoglu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripple, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.26.615103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different signaling interpretations by PKC eta and theta control T cell function and exhaustion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radical Protein Footprinting in Mammalian Whole Blood 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting (HRPF) is a powerful tool to probe protein higher-order structure, as well as protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate interactions. It is mostly performed in vitro, but recent advances have extended its use to live cells, nematodes, and 3D cultures. However, application in living mammalian tissues has not been accomplished. Here, we present the first successful use of radical protein footprinting (RPF) in mammalian whole blood from wild-type (WT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) BKS. Cg Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J mice. Using persulfate photoactivated with the FOX Photolysis System, we achieved effective protein labeling without significant disruption to blood cell morphology. An optimized quenching protocol eliminated background labeling. We report oxidative modifications in 11 selected proteins, revealing disease-associated conformational changes in multiple proteins. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of RPF in mammalian blood and open new opportunities for structural proteomics in preclinical models and clinical samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tobin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radical Protein Footprinting in Mammalian Whole Blood]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal Dynamics of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons in Male Mice During Reward Seeking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.615291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) regulates reward-motivated behavior, but the temporal dynamics of NAc neurons that enable "free-willed" animals to obtain rewards remain elusive. Here, we recorded Ca2+ activity from individual NAc neurons when mice performed self-paced lever-presses for sucrose. NAc neurons exhibited three temporally-sequenced clusters, defined by times at which they exhibited increased Ca2+ activity: approximately 0, -2.5 or -5 sec relative to the lever-pressing. Dopamine D1 receptor (D1)-expressing neurons and D2-neurons formed the majority of the -5-sec versus -2.5-sec clusters, respectively, while both neuronal subtypes were represented in the 0-sec cluster. We found that pre-press activity patterns of D1- or D2-neurons could predict subsequent lever-presses. Inhibiting D1-neurons at -5 sec or D2-neurons at -2.5 sec, but not at other timepoints, reduced sucrose-motivated lever-pressing. We propose that the time-specific activity of D1- and D2-neurons mediate key temporal features of the NAc through which reward motivation initiates reward-seeking behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schall, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alpaugh, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlueter, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nestler, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieh, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.615291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal Dynamics of Nucleus Accumbens Neurons in Male Mice During Reward Seeking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.614012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RapA opens the RNA polymerase clamp to disrupt post-termination complexes and prevent cytotoxic R-loop formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.614012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Following transcript release during intrinsic termination, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) often remains associated with DNA in a post-termination complex (PTC). RNAPs in PTCs are removed from the DNA by the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase RapA. Here, we determined PTC structures on negatively-supercoiled DNA as well as of RapA engaged to dislodge the PTC. We found that core RNAP in the PTC can unwind DNA and initiate RNA synthesis but is prone to producing R-loops. We show that RapA helps control cytotoxic R-loop formation in vivo, likely by disrupting PTCs. Nucleotide binding to RapA triggers a conformational change that opens the RNAP clamp, allowing DNA in the RNAP cleft to reanneal and dissociate. We suggest that analagous ATPases acting on PTCs to suppress transcriptional noise and R-loop formation may be widespread. These results hold significance for the bacterial transcription cycle and highlight a role for RapA in maintaining genome stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brewer, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inlow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olinares, P. D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcelino, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chait, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landick, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darst, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.28.614012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RapA opens the RNA polymerase clamp to disrupt post-termination complexes and prevent cytotoxic R-loop formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.615567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM visualizes multiple steps of dynein activation pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.615567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (dynein) is an essential molecular motor controlled in part by autoinhibition. We recently identified a structure of partially autoinhibited dynein bound to Lis1, a key dynein regulator mutated in the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly. This structure provides an intermediate state in dyneins activation pathway; however, other structural information is needed to fully explain Lis1 function in dynein activation. Here, we used cryo-EM and samples incubated with ATP for different times to reveal novel conformations that we propose represent intermediate states in the dyneins activation pathway. We solved sixteen high-resolution structures, including seven distinct dynein and dynein-Lis1 structures from the same sample. Our data also support a model in which Lis1 relieves dynein autoinhibition by increasing its basal ATP hydrolysis rate and promoting conformations compatible with complex assembly and motility. Together, this analysis advances our understanding of dynein activation and the contribution of Lis1 to this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kendrick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MA, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karasmanis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.28.615567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM visualizes multiple steps of dynein activation pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Modal Large Language Model Enables All-Purpose Prediction of Drug Mechanisms and Properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately predicting the mechanisms and properties of potential drug molecules is essential for advancing drug discovery. However, traditional methods often require the development of specialized models for each specific prediction task, resulting in inefficiencies in both model training and integration into work-flows. Moreover, these approaches are typically limited to predicting pharmaceutical attributes represented as discrete categories, and struggle with predicting complex attributes that are best described in free-form texts. To address these challenges, we introduce DrugChat, a multi-modal large language model (LLM) designed to provide comprehensive predictions of molecule mechanisms and properties within a unified framework. DrugChat analyzes the structure of an input molecule along with users queries to generate comprehensive, free-form predictions on drug indications, pharmacodynamics, and mechanisms of action. Moreover, DrugChat supports multi-turn dialogues with users, facilitating interactive and in-depth exploration of the same molecule. Our extensive evaluation, including assessments by human experts, demonstrates that DrugChat significantly outperforms GPT-4 and other leading LLMs in generating accurate free-form predictions, and exceeds state-of-the-art specialized prediction models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinreb, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awdishu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Modal Large Language Model Enables All-Purpose Prediction of Drug Mechanisms and Properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Engineered U7 Small Nuclear RNA Scaffold Greatly Increases in vitro and in vivo ADAR-Mediated Programmable RNA Base Editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Custom RNA base editing using the endogenous human Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA (ADAR) enzyme presents a promising approach for precision therapeutics, alleviating concerns of permanent DNA damage or immunogenicity from1 foreign bacterial proteins such as CRISPR/Cas. ADAR can be directed to act on therapeutic RNA targets by antisense guide RNAs (gRNAs) that create a substrate for ADARs adenosine-to-inosine (effectively A-to-G) deamination activity. Delivery of gRNAs via a DNA expression construct provided by Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) might allow life-long duration of the therapy. However, a major challenge for RNA editing using gene-encoded gRNAs and endogenous levels of ADAR is achieving sufficient gRNA activity inside cells, especially in therapeutic situations where AAV delivery may provide as low as one viral genome per cell. Here we show that embedding antisense gRNAs into a U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) framework and adding hnRNP A1 binding domains greatly increases the efficiency of custom RNA editing. This increased editing efficiency allows for detectable RNA editing from a single genomic insertion of gRNA construct per cell, which enabled a pooled library screen of 750+ gRNA variations to further improve the SmOPT U7 hairpin system. The screen revealed critical residues responsible for RNA editing and generated new SmOPT and U7 hairpin variants that further boosted RNA editing. The final design, combined with an improved synthetic U7 promoter, resulted in up to 76% targeted editing with a single integrated copy of construct per cell, representing a 10- to 100-fold increase over existing circular gRNA approaches. Using systemic in vivo AAV delivery, we achieved an unprecedented 75% RNA editing in the total brain of a mouse model of Hurler syndrome. Our novel SmOPT U7 system also improved published antisense oligos for DMD exon skipping, currently in clinical trials, by up to 25-fold in differentiated myoblasts, and therefore represents a universal scaffold for ADAR-based RNA editing as well as other antisense RNA therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Byrne, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burleigh, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fragoza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saava, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainaldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Engineered U7 Small Nuclear RNA Scaffold Greatly Increases in vitro and in vivo ADAR-Mediated Programmable RNA Base Editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Deubiquitinating Enzyme Otub2 Modulates Pancreatic Beta-Cells Function and Survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have previously shown that otubain 2 (OTUB2), a deubiquitinating enzyme, inhibits caspase-3/7 activity in primary human islets; promotes insulin secretion and inhibits cytokine-induced nuclear factor-{kappa}B (NF{kappa}B) activity. In the present work we show that overexpression of Otub2 in MIN6 cells inhibits NF{kappa}B activity and the expression of its target genes MCP-1 and iNOS. Consequently, both the basal and the cytokine-induced apoptosis of cultured MIN6 cells and dispersed human islets were inhibited. Overexpression of Otub2 in MIN6 cells increase the mRNA levels of NKx6.1 and Glut2 and concomitantly increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) (by 2-3-fold). The beneficial effects of Otub2 on {beta}-cell function was demonstrated by the phenotype of Otub2-/+ and Otub2-/- mice, which manifested impaired glucose tolerance and increased expression of NFkB target genes (e.g. IP-10, MCP-1 and IL-1{beta}). RNAseq analysis of pancreata derived from OTUB2 KO mice revealed reduced expression of genes that down regulate K+ transporters (e.g. Ank2, Cacna1a and Kcnab1) combined with an increase in oxidative phosphorylation related genes. Given that closure of K+ channels is crucial for insulin secretion, these results could account, at least in part, for the impaired GSIS in the OTUB2 KO mice. Indeed, mass-spectrometry analysis of proteins co-immunoprecipitated with Otub2 revealed the voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv9.3 as a major Otub2 binding-partner. Additional binding partners included the Peg3 and Camk2d proteins, which promote NF{kappa}B signaling and {beta}-cell death. Hence, by deubiquitinating proteins in complexes that contain Peg3 and Camk2d, Otub2 might inhibit propagation of NF{kappa}B signaling and {beta}-cell apoptosis. Collectively our findings implicate Otub2 as a key regulator of {beta} cell function, mainly affecting NFkB signaling and the K+ channels that regulate insulin secretion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oshry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaac, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boura-Halfon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sampson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zick, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinik, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Deubiquitinating Enzyme Otub2 Modulates Pancreatic Beta-Cells Function and Survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.616123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Group B streptococci lyse endothelial cells to infect the brain in a zebrafish meningitis model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.616123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To cause meningitis, bacteria move from the bloodstream to the brain, crossing the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier. Most studies on how bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier have been performed in vitro using cultured endothelial cells, due to a paucity of animal models. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in neonates and is primarily thought to cross the blood-brain barrier by transcytosis through endothelial cells. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we used optically transparent zebrafish larvae. Timelapse confocal microscopy revealed that GBS forms extracellular microcolonies in brain blood vessels and causes perforation and lysis of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, which promotes bacterial entry into the brain. Vessels infected with GBS microcolonies were distorted and contained thrombi. Inhibition of clotting worsened brain invasion, suggesting a host-protective role for thrombi. The GBS lysin cylE, implicated in brain invasion in vitro, was found dispensable in vivo. Instead, pro-inflammatory mediators associated with endothelial cell damage and blood-brain barrier breakdown were specifically upregulated in the zebrafish head upon GBS entry into the brain. Therefore, GBS crosses the blood-brain barrier in vivo not by transcytosis, but by endothelial cell lysis and death. Given that we observe the same invasion route for a meningitis-associated strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, our findings suggest that streptococcal infection of brain blood vessels triggers endothelial cell inflammation and lysis, thereby facilitating brain invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ravishankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuohey, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uchiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madigan, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.616123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Group B streptococci lyse endothelial cells to infect the brain in a zebrafish meningitis model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-Acetyl-2-Aminofluorene (AAF): In vivo temporal expression patterns of growth cycle-dependent macromolecular binding constants KD are revealed by primary cultures of premalignant hepatocytes derived from a multi-cyclic hepatocarcinogenic feeding regimen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biochemical investigations of the hepatoprocarcinogen N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) have shown that normal adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture express two sets of pharmacokinetic constants - designated Systems I and II, and Sites I and II - associated respectively with the metabolism (System I [high-affinity Km[APPARENT] and low-velocity VMAX[APPARENT]] and System II [low-affinity Km APPARENT] and high-velocity VMAX[APPARENT]]), and the macromolecular binding (Site I [high-affinity KD[APPARENT] and low capacity BMAX[APPARENT]] and Site II ([low-affinity KD[APPARENT] and high-capacity BMAX[APPARENT]]) of AAF. Additional findings - that genomically saturating levels of AAF-DNA adducts form far below reported extracellular AAF concentrations required to block replicative and repair DNA synthesis; and, that biphasic Site I and Site II BMAX[APPARENT] and KD[APPARENT] expression curves varied inversely with respect to time and magnitude during hepatocyte growth - led us to wonder how macromolecular binding constants are expressed during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. These questions were addressed by Scatchard analysis measurements through five consecutive AAF feeding cycles. Notably, cultured premalignant hepatocytes displayed reduced and elevated BMAX[APPARENT] and KD[APPARENT] levels, respectively, akin to the Site I and Site II expression curves observed during hepatocyte growth transitions in vitro. In contrast, prominent hepatocellular functions such as N-OH-AAF production, DNA replication, cell aggregation and resistance to AAF toxicity displayed different temporal trajectories.

Impact StatementStriking similarities are observed between both Site I and Site II BMAX and KD expression curves during in vitro and in vivo premalignant growth transitions. These new findings fit earlier ones that hepatocytes growing during carcinogen exposure manifest fewer intranuclear AAF-DNA adducts. How this phenomenon leads to malignancy remains unclear.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leffert, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-Acetyl-2-Aminofluorene (AAF): In vivo temporal expression patterns of growth cycle-dependent macromolecular binding constants KD are revealed by primary cultures of premalignant hepatocytes derived from a multi-cyclic hepatocarcinogenic feeding regimen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An engineered chromatin protein with enhanced preferential binding of H3K27me3 over H3K9me3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human genome is organized within the nucleus as chromatin, which is largely comprised of histone proteins that assemble on DNA into nucleosome complexes. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are dynamic chromatin features that signal distinct gene expression states and modulate important cellular functions like cell differentiation. Histone binding domains (HBDs) from chromatin reader-effector proteins are being used as new tools to target and track histone PTMs in living cells. HBDs bind histones through multi-contact interactions that may confer more specificity than antibodies, but are hard to study because of their weaker affinity in vitro. To explore the large HBD design space, we developed the "Cell-Free Histone-Binding Immunoassay" (CHIA) where interactions between cell-free-expressed HBD proteins and immobilized biotinylated histone peptides are measured in an ELISA-style assay. We showed that the number of functional CBX8 polycomb chromodomains (PCD) in a fusion protein scales with H3K27me3 binding. We tackled the challenge of engineering a high affinity HBD that distinguishes H3 A-A-R-K27me3-S from a similar region on the same histone, T-A-R-K9me3-S. Previously reported K33E and Q9D CBX7 PCD variants bound with high affinity to H3K27me3, and bound as strongly with H3K9me3. In contrast, the K33E substitution enhanced CBX8 PCD binding to K27me3 with minimal K9me3 binding. To determine if the CBX8 hydrophobic clasp (V10 and L49) supports K27me3 specificity we tested hydrophobic substitutions, and observed increased affinity and strong specificity for H3K27me3. These results will enable more robust sensing of H3K27me3 for applications such as histone PTM-detection, and cell engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franklin, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priode, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steppe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haynes, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An engineered chromatin protein with enhanced preferential binding of H3K27me3 over H3K9me3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soil depth determines the microbial communities in Sorghum bicolor fields 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sorghum bicolor, an important global crop, adapted to thrive in hotter and drier conditions than maize or rice, has deep roots that interact with a unique and stratified soil microbiome that plays a crucial role in plant health, growth, and carbon storage. Microbiome studies on agricultural soils, particularly fields growing S. bicolor, have been mostly limited to surface soils (<30 cm). Here we investigated the abiotic factors of soil properties, field location, depth, and the biotic factors of sorghum type across 38 genotypes on the soil microbiome. Utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, our analysis reveals significant changes in microbial composition and decreasing diversity at increasing soil depths within S. bicolor regardless of genotype or fields. Notably, specific microbial families, such as Thermogemmatisporaceae and an unclassified family within the ABS-6 order, were enriched in deeper soil layers beyond 30 cm. Additionally, microbial richness and diversity declined with depth, reaching a minimum at the 60 - 90 cm layer, with layers beyond 90 cm increasing in alpha diversity. These findings highlight the importance of soil depth in agricultural soil microbiome studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murray, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saxton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Gracia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allsing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitony, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel-Jhawar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakoor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soil depth determines the microbial communities in Sorghum bicolor fields]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.614851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in the clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.614851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONSex differences are apparent in neurodegenerative diseases, but have not been comprehensively characterized in frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

METHODSParticipants included 337 adults with autosomal dominant FTD enrolled in the ALLFTD Consortium. Clinical assessments and plasma were collected annually for up to six years. Linear mixed-effects models investigated how sex and disease stage associated with longitudinal trajectories of cognition, function, and neurofilament light chain (NfL).

RESULTSWhile sex differences were not apparent at asymptomatic stages, females showed more rapid declines across all outcomes in symptomatic stages compared to males. In asymptomatic participants, the association between baseline NfL and clinical trajectories was weaker in females versus males, a difference that attenuated in symptomatic participants.

DISCUSSIONIn genetic FTD, females show cognitive resilience in early disease stages followed by steeper clinical declines later in disease. Baseline NfL may be a less sensitive prognostic tool for clinical progression in females with FTD-causing mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Memel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staffaroni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilan-Gala, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Castro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tartaglia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saloner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VandeBunte, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paolillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadwallader, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorno-Tempini, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apostolova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff-Radford, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayram, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pressman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyagawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackenzie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appleby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrucelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gendron, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heuer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forseberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeve, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brushaber, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domoto-Reilly, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rademakers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rascovsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantelyat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masdeu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.614851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in the clinical manifestation of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.616090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A three-country analysis of the gut microbiome indicates taxon associations with diet vary by location and strain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.01.616090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging research suggests that diet plays a vital role in shaping the composition and function of the gut microbiota. While significant efforts have been made to identify general patterns linking diet to the gut microbiome, much of this research lacks representation from low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico. Additionally, both diet and the gut microbiome have highly complex and individualized configurations, and there is growing evidence that tailoring diets to individual gut microbiota profiles may optimize the path toward improving or maintaining health and preventing disease. Using fecal metagenomic data from 1,291 individuals across three countries, we examine two bacterial genera prevalent in the human gut, Prevotella and Faecalibacterium, which have gained significant attention due to their potential roles in human health. We find that they show significant associations with many aspects of diet, but that these associations vary in scale and direction, depending on the level of metagenomic resolution and the contextual population. These results highlight the growing importance of assembling metagenomic datasets that are standardized, comprehensive, and representative of diverse populations to increase our ability to tease apart the complex relationship between diet and the microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khatib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilmore, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oles, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farmer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowart, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birmingham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litwin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowinski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tribelhorn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders-Bodai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaumont, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knol, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roeselers, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laiola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shetty, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veiga, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tap, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derrien, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutnikova, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotillard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tovar, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arteaga, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.01.616090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A three-country analysis of the gut microbiome indicates taxon associations with diet vary by location and strain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.615251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determining sex differences in drug combinations targeting aortic valve myofibroblast activation using an artificial intelligence derived platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.615251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a sexually dimorphic disease where aortic valve leaflets develop fibrosis and calcification, leading to heart failure if untreated. Sex differences in AVS progression depend on valvular interstitial cells (VICs) activating to myofibroblasts that drive aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling. To date, no treatment strategies have leveraged cellular sex differences to determine drug combinations that effectively target VIC myofibroblast activation. Here, we harnessed IDentif.AI, an artificial intelligence (AI)-derived drug optimization platform, to optimize sex-specific synergistic drug combinations that may prevent and reverse VIC myofibroblast activation on hydrogel biomaterials. The results reveal that anti-fibrotic drug efficacy and combinatorial interactions are dependent on cell sex. This study provides a framework for developing clinically relevant AVS treatment strategies through the integration of high-throughput hydrogel cell culture platforms and AI-driven drug optimization. The workflow towards designing targeted AVS drug combinations may help accelerate AVS drug development for male and female patients and address health disparities in AVS treatment outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vogt, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, E. K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.615251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determining sex differences in drug combinations targeting aortic valve myofibroblast activation using an artificial intelligence derived platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.615924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-laboratory Study Establishes Reproducible Methods for Plant-Microbiome Research in Fabricated Ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.615924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inter-laboratory replicability is crucial yet challenging in microbiome research. Leveraging microbiomes to promote soil health and plant growth requires understanding underlying molecular mechanisms using reproducible experimental systems. In a global collaborative effort involving five laboratories, we aimed to help advance reproducibility in microbiome studies by testing our ability to replicate synthetic community assembly experiments. Our study compared fabricated ecosystems constructed using two different synthetic bacterial communities, the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, and sterile EcoFAB 2.0 devices. All participating laboratories observed consistent inoculum-dependent changes in plant phenotype, root exudate composition, and final bacterial community structure where Paraburkholderia sp. OAS925 could dramatically shift microbiome composition. Comparative genomics and exudate utilization linked the pH-dependent colonization ability of Paraburkholderia, which was further confirmed with motility assays. The study provides detailed protocols, benchmarking datasets, and best practices to help advance replicable science and inform future multi-laboratory reproducibility studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Novak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andeer, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calabria, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelm, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wippel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosina, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadav, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russ, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sordo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutschbauer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushizima, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dangl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulze-Lefert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northen, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.615924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-laboratory Study Establishes Reproducible Methods for Plant-Microbiome Research in Fabricated Ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved chromatin regulators control the transcriptional immune response to intracellular pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Robust transcriptional responses are critical for defense against infection. However, unrestrained immune responses can cause negative impacts such as damaging inflammation and slowed development. Here we find that a class of transcriptional regulators previously associated with regulation of development in Caenorhabditis elegans, is also involved in immune responses. Specifically, through forward genetics, we find that loss of lin-15B leads to constitutive expression of Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) genes. lin-15B encodes a transcriptional repressor with a conserved THAP domain that is associated with the DRM chromatin remodeling complex that regulates C. elegans development. We show that lin-15B mutants have increased resistance to natural intracellular pathogens, and the induction of IPR genes in lin-15B mutants relies on the MES-4 histone methyltransferase. We extend our analyses to other DRM and NuRD chromatin remodeling factors, as well as SUMOylation histone modifiers, showing that a broad range of chromatin-related factors can repress IPR gene expression. Altogether these findings suggest that conserved chromatin regulators may facilitate development in part by repressing damaging immune responses against intracellular pathogens.

AUTHOR SUMMARYIn this study, we show that transcriptional regulators, previously linked to development in C. elegans, also control immune responses. Through forward genetic screens, we found that loss of LIN-15B leads to constitutive activation of Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) genes. LIN-15B is part of the DREAM chromatin remodeling complex, and its loss enhances resistance to intracellular pathogens. This immune response depends on the MES-4 histone methyltransferase. We also discovered that other chromatin regulators, including NuRD and SUMOylation factors, similarly repress IPR gene expression, highlighting a new role in immunity for these conserved regulators of development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tecle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchard, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhan, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Underwood, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakowski, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.616425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved chromatin regulators control the transcriptional immune response to intracellular pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.615514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining a tandem repeat catalog and variation clusters for genome-wide analyses and population databases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.615514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tandem repeat (TR) catalogs are important components of repeat genotyping studies as they define the genomic coordinates and expected motifs of all TR loci being analyzed. In recent years, genome-wide studies have used catalogs ranging in size from fewer than 200,000 to over 7 million loci. Where these catalogs overlapped, they often disagreed on locus boundaries, hindering the comparison and reuse of results across studies. Now, with multiple groups developing public databases of TR variation in large population cohorts, there is a risk that, without sufficient consensus in the choice of locus definitions, the use of divergent repeat catalogs will lead to confusion, fragmentation, and incompatibility across resources.

In this paper, we compare existing TR catalogs and discuss desirable features of a comprehensive genome-wide catalog. We then present a new, richly annotated catalog designed for large-scale analyses and population databases. This new catalog, which we call the TRExplorer catalog v1.0, contains 4.86 million TR loci and, unlike most catalogs, is designed to be useful for both short-read and long-read analyses. It consists of 4,803,366 STRs and 59,675 VNTRs, of which 780,607 STRs and 21,888 VNTRs are both polymorphic and entirely absent from widely-used catalogs previously developed for short-read analyses. Additionally, our catalog stratifies TRs into two groups: 1) isolated TRs suitable for repeat copy number analysis using short-read or long-read data and 2) so-called variation clusters that contain TRs within wider polymorphic regions that are best studied through sequence-level analysis. To define variation clusters, we present a novel algorithm that leverages long-read HiFi sequencing data to group repeats with surrounding polymorphisms. We show that the human genome contains at least 25,000 complex variation clusters, most of which span over 120 bp and contain five or more TRs. Resolving the sequence of entire variation clusters instead of individually genotyping constituent TRs leads to a more accurate analysis of these regions and enables us to profile variation that would have been missed otherwise. We also share the trexplorer.broadinstitute.org portal which allows anyone to search, visualize, and download the catalog along with variation clusters and annotations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weisburd, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolzhenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danzi, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiatt, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanudisastro, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurtas, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jam, H. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlazeck, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dashnow, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberle, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehm, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.615514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining a tandem repeat catalog and variation clusters for genome-wide analyses and population databases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneity in chromatin structure drives core regulatory pathways in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy. Based on gene expression profiling, B-ALL can be classified into distinct transcriptional subtypes with differing disease outcomes. Many of these transcriptional subtypes are defined by mutations in transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, but how such diverse mutations lead to distinct transcriptional subtypes remains unclear. To illuminate the chromatin regulatory landscape in B-ALL, we analyzed 3D genome organization, open chromatin, and gene expression in 53 primary patient samples. At the level of 3D genome organization, we identified chromatin interactions that vary across transcriptional subtypes. These sites of variable 3D chromatin interactions correlate with local gene expression changes and are enriched for core drivers of B-ALL observed in genome-wide CRISPR knock-out screens. Sites of variable 3D genome interactions are frequently shared across multiple transcriptional subtypes and are enriched for open chromatin sites found in normal B-cell development but repressed in mature B-cells. Within an individual patient sample, the chromatin landscape can resemble progenitor chromatin states at some loci and mature B-cell chromatin at others, suggesting that the chromatin in B-ALL patient tumor cells is in a partially arrested immature state. By analyzing transcriptomic data from large cohorts of B-ALL patients, we identify gene expression programs that are shared across transcriptional subtypes, associated with B-cell developmental stages, and predictive of patient survival. In combination, these results show that the 3D genome organization of B-ALL reflects B-cell developmental stages and helps illustrate how B-cell developmental arrest interacts with transcriptional subtypes to drive B-ALL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyndale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bump, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shokhirev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneity in chromatin structure drives core regulatory pathways in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive sequencing of the lung neuroimmune landscape in response to asthmatic induction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence demonstrates that sensory neurons respond to pathogenic/allergic infiltration and mediate immune responses, forming an integral part of host defense that become hypersensitized during allergy. Our objective was to investigate how asthmatic induction alters the pulmonary neuroimmune transcriptome. We hypothesized that asthmatic induction would upregulate genes in the vagal ganglia (nodose/jugular ganglia), which would be associated with asthmatic immunity, and that these would be clustered, primarily in nodose neurons. Furthermore, lungs would increase transcripts associated with nerve activation, and these would be centered in neural and neuroendocrine-like cells. Bulk RNA-seq revealed that genes related to allergen sensing were increased in asthmatic ganglia nodose/jugular ganglia compared to control ganglia. These genes were associated with nodose clusters as shown by single-nucleus RNA sequencing, and a distinct caudal-to-rostral spatial arrangement was presented as delineated by spatial transcriptomics. The distinct clusters closely match previous identification of nodose neuron clusters. Correspondingly, the lung transcriptome was altered with asthmatic induction such that transcripts associated with neural excitation were upregulated. The spatial distribution of these transcripts was revealed by spatial transcriptomics to illustrate that these were expressed in neuroendocrine-like cells/club cells, and neurons. These results show that the neuroimmune transcriptome is altered in response to asthmatic induction in a cell cluster and spatially distinct manner.

Significance statementThis study provides a comprehensive transcriptomic map of the neuroimmune alterations in response to asthmatic induction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McSwiggin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, R. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jendzjowsky, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive sequencing of the lung neuroimmune landscape in response to asthmatic induction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving diffusion-based protein backbone generation with global-geometry-aware latent encoding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent breakthroughs in diffusion-based generative models have prompted de novo protein design, notably in generating diverse and realistic structures. Nevertheless, while existing models either excel at unconditional generation or employ residue-wise conditioning for topological control, explorations on a holistic, top-down approach to control the overall topological arrangements is still limited. In response, we introduce TopoDiff, a diffusion-based framework augmented by a structure encoder and a latent sampler. Our model can unsupervisedly learn a compact latent representation of protein global geometry, while simultaneously integrating a diffusion module to leverage this information for controlled structure generation. In benchmark against existing models, TopoDiff demonstrates comparable performance on established metrics and exhibits an improved coverage over the fold modes of natural proteins. Moreover, our method enables versatile control at the global-geometry level for structural generation, under the assistance of which we derived a number of novel folds of mainly-beta proteins with comprehensive experimental validation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving diffusion-based protein backbone generation with global-geometry-aware latent encoding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth-coupled microbial biosynthesis of the animal pigment xanthommatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mining of genomes across life has unearthed a bounty of biosynthetic potential to diverse molecules key to a biobased future. While the heterologous expression of metabolic pathways has achieved broad success, most approaches suffer a similar fate in low initial production levels that require extensive, resource-heavy iterative strain engineering refinement. Herein we introduce a growth-coupled biosynthetic (GrowBio) strategy that irrevocably connects microbial growth with specialized compound production. We demonstrate the plug-and-play versatility of GrowBio in the production of the structurally complex animal biopigment xanthommatin, a color-changing ommochrome with material and cosmetic potential. Xanthommatin biosynthesis directly fuels growth of a newly designed Pseudomonas putida 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate auxotroph (PUMA). Aided by genome-scale metabolic modeling, PUMA was designed and built to be controlled by endogenous formate co-produced as a coupled biosynthetic byproduct in the multistep conversion of tryptophan to xanthommatin. Adaptive laboratory evolution was utilized to streamline xanthommatins gram-scale bioproduction via growth rate selection, establishing GrowBio as a promising biotechnological approach for establishing and optimizing the microbial production of value-added molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bushin, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alter, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvan-Vargas, M. V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dürr, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puiggene, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deravi, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikel, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth-coupled microbial biosynthesis of the animal pigment xanthommatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.06.616870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProteinAligner: A Multi-modal Pretraining Framework for Protein Foundation Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.06.616870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein foundation models, particularly protein language models, have demonstrated strong success in learning meaningful representations of proteins using transformer architectures pretrained on large-scale protein datasets with self-supervised learning. These representations have been highly effective for downstream tasks such as predicting protein functions and properties. However, most current protein foundation models focus on pretraining with amino acid sequences, often neglecting additional modalities like protein structures and related literature, both of which provide valuable insights. To address this gap, we propose a multi-modal pretraining approach that integrates three key modalities - protein sequences, structures, and literature text. In our framework, the protein sequence modality serves as the anchor, with the other two modalities aligned to it, enhancing the models capacity to capture more comprehensive protein information. ProteinAligner out-performed state-of-the-art protein foundation models in predicting protein functions and properties across diverse down-stream tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.06.616870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProteinAligner: A Multi-modal Pretraining Framework for Protein Foundation Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.06.616921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alzheimer's disease-associated genotypes differentially influence chronic evoked seizure outcomes and antiseizure medicine activity in aged mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.06.616921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structured AbstractO_ST_ABSINTRODUCTIONC_ST_ABSAlzheimers disease (AD) patients are at greater risk of focal seizures than similarly aged adults; these seizures, left untreated, may worsen functional decline. Older people with epilepsy generally respond well to antiseizure medications (ASMs). However, whether specific ASMs can differentially control seizures in AD is unknown. The corneal kindled mouse model of acquired chronic secondarily generalized focal seizures allows for precisely timed drug administration studies to quantify the efficacy and tolerability of ASMs in an AD-associated genetic model. We hypothesized that mechanistically distinct ASMs would exert differential anticonvulsant activity and tolerability in aged AD mice (8-15 months) to define whether rational ASM selection may benefit specific AD genotypes.

METHODSAged male and female PSEN2-N141I versus age-matched non-transgenic control (PSEN2 control) C57Bl/6J mice, and APPswe/PS1dE9 versus transgene negative (APP control) littermates underwent corneal kindling to quantify latency to fully kindled criterion. Dose-related ASM efficacy was then compared in each AD model versus matched control over 1-2 months using ASMs commonly prescribed in older adults with epilepsy: valproic acid, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, and gabapentin.

RESULTSSex and AD genotype differentially impacted seizure susceptibility. Male PSEN2-N141I mice required more stimulations to attain kindling criterion (X2=5.521; p<0.05). Male APP/PS1 mice did not differ in kindling rate versus APP control mice, but they did have more severe seizures. There were significant ASM class-specific differences in acute seizure control and dose-related tolerability. APP/PS1 mice were more sensitive than APP controls to valproic acid, levetiracetam, and gabapentin. PSEN2-N141I mice were more sensitive than PSEN2 controls to valproic acid and lamotrigine.

DISCUSSIONAD genotypes may differentially impact ASMs activity and tolerability in vivo with advanced biological age. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of seizure risk in AD and suggest that precisely selected ASMs may beneficially control seizures in AD, thus reducing functional decline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knox, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayadev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker-Haliski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.06.616921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alzheimer's disease-associated genotypes differentially influence chronic evoked seizure outcomes and antiseizure medicine activity in aged mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.617109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Empirically establishing drug exposure records directly from untargeted metabolomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.617109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite extensive efforts, extracting information on medication exposure from clinical records remains challenging. To complement this approach, we developed the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) based GNPS Drug Library. This resource integrates MS/MS data for drugs and their metabolites/analogs with controlled vocabularies on exposure sources, pharmacologic classes, therapeutic indications, and mechanisms of action. It enables direct analysis of drug exposure and metabolism from untargeted metabolomics data independent of clinical records. Our library facilitates stratification of individuals in clinical studies based on the empirically detected medications, exemplified by drug-dependent microbiota-derived N-acyl lipid changes in a cohort with human immunodeficiency virus. The GNPS Drug Library holds potential for broader applications in drug discovery and precision medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brungs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bittremieux, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamichhane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andalibi, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maya, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girod, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, P. W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heaton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iudicello, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letendre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magyari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cumsille, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapre, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahneh, M. R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tribelhorn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tubb, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.07.617109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Empirically establishing drug exposure records directly from untargeted metabolomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.616922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR tiling deletion screens reveal functional enhancers of neuropsychiatric risk genes and allelic compensation effects (ACE) on transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.616922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise transcriptional regulation is critical for cellular function and development, yet the mechanism of this process remains poorly understood for many genes. To gain a deeper understanding of the regulation of neuropsychiatric disease risk genes, we identified a total of 39 functional enhancers for four dosage-sensitive genes, APP, FMR1, MECP2, and SIN3A, using CRISPR tiling deletion screening in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-induced excitatory neurons. We found that enhancer annotation provides potential pathological insights into disease-associated copy number variants. More importantly, we discovered that allelic enhancer deletions at SIN3A could be compensated by increased transcriptional activities from the other intact allele. Such allelic compensation effects (ACE) on transcription is stably maintained during differentiation and, once established, cannot be reversed by ectopic SIN3A expression. Further, ACE at SIN3A occurs through dosage sensing by the promoter. Together, our findings unravel a regulatory compensation mechanism that ensures stable and precise transcriptional output for SIN3A, and potentially other dosage-sensitive genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maliskova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.08.616922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR tiling deletion screens reveal functional enhancers of neuropsychiatric risk genes and allelic compensation effects (ACE) on transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.09.617493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRIM37 employs peptide motif recognition and substrate-dependent oligomerization to prevent ectopic spindle pole assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.09.617493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tightly controlled duplication of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, ensures bipolarity of the mitotic spindle and accurate chromosome segregation. The RBCC (RING-B-box-coiled coil) ubiquitin ligase TRIM37, whose loss is associated with elevated chromosome missegregation and the tumor-prone developmental human disorder Mulibrey nanism, prevents the formation of ectopic spindle poles that assemble around structured condensates containing the centrosomal protein centrobin. Here, we show that TRIM37s TRAF domain, unique in the extended TRIM family, engages peptide motifs in centrobin to suppress condensate formation. TRIM proteins form anti-parallel coiled-coil dimers with RING-B-box domains on each end. Oligomerization due to RING-RING interactions and conformational regulation by B-box-2-B-box-2 interfaces are critical for TRIM37 to suppress centrobin condensate formation. These results indicate that, analogous to anti-viral TRIM ligases, TRIM37 activation is linked to the detection of oligomerized substrates. Thus, TRIM37 couples peptide motif recognition and substrate-dependent oligomerization to effect ubiquitination-mediated clearance of ectopic centrosomal protein assemblies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bellaart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brambila, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deep, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzola, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.09.617493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRIM37 employs peptide motif recognition and substrate-dependent oligomerization to prevent ectopic spindle pole assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.617124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Potential of Fatty Acids as Regulators of Stem-like Exhausted CD8 T Cells During Chronic Viral Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.07.617124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic infections drive a CD8 T cell program termed T cell exhaustion, characterized by reduced effector functions. While cell-intrinsic mechanisms underlying CD8 T cell exhaustion have been extensively studied, the impact of the metabolic environment in which exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) operate remains less clear. Using untargeted metabolomics and the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection model we investigated systemic metabolite changes early and late following acute versus chronic viral infections. We identified distinct short-term and persistent metabolite shifts, with the most significant differences occurring transiently during the acute phase of the sustained infection. This included nutrient changes that were independent of viral loads and partially associated with CD8 T cell-induced anorexia and lipolysis. One remarkable observation was the elevation of medium- and long-chain fatty acid (FA) and acylcarnitines during the early phase after chronic infection. During this time, virus-specific CD8 T cells from chronically infected mice exhibited increased lipid accumulation and uptake compared to their counterparts from acute infection, particularly stem-like Tex (TexSTEM), a subset that generates effector-like TexINT which directly limit viral replication. Notably, only TexSTEM increased oxidative metabolism and ATP production upon FA exposure. Consistently, short-term reintroduction of FA during late chronic infection exclusively improved TexSTEM mitochondrial fitness, percentages and numbers. This treatment, however, also reduced TexINT, resulting in compromised viral control. Our study offers a valuable resource for investigating the role of specific metabolites in regulating immune responses during acute and chronic viral infections and highlights the potential of long-chain FA to influence TexSTEM and viral control during a protracted infection.

SignificanceThis study examines systemic metabolite changes during acute and chronic viral infections. Notably, we identified an early, transient nutrient shift in chronic infection, marked by an increase in medium- and long-chain fatty acid related species. Concomitantly, a virus-specific stem-like T cell population, essential for maintaining other T cells, displayed high lipid avidity and was capable of metabolizing exogenous fatty acids. Administering fatty acids late in chronic infection, when endogenous lipid levels had normalized, expanded this stem-like T cell population and enhanced their mitochondrial fitness. These findings highlight the potential role of fatty acids in regulating stem-like T cells in chronic settings and offer a valuable resource for studying other metabolic signatures in both acute and persistent infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kazane, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labarta-Bajo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zangwill, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liimatta, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weldon, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.07.617124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Potential of Fatty Acids as Regulators of Stem-like Exhausted CD8 T Cells During Chronic Viral Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biodiversity forecasting in natural plankton communities reveals temperature and biotic interactions as key predictors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As natural ecosystems experience unprecedented human-made degradation, it is urgent to deliver quantitative anticipatory forecasts of biodiversity change and identify relevant biotic and abiotic predictors. Forecasting natural ecosystems has been challenging due to their complexity, chaotic nonlinear nature and the availability of adequate data. Here, we use four years of daily abundance of a complex lake planktonic ecosystem and its abiotic environment to model and forecast biodiversity metrics. Using a state-of-the-art equation-free modelling technique, we forecast community richness and turnover with a proficiency greater than the constant predictor several generations ahead (30 days). Short-term forecasts improve substantially using biotic predictors (i.e., autoregressive term or community richness). Long-term forecasts require a more complex set of variables (i.e., biotic interactions), and the forecast proficiency depends strongly on including abiotic predictors such as water temperature. Depending on the forecast horizon, biotic and abiotic predictors can interact nonlinearly and synergistically, enhancing each others effects on biodiversity metrics. Our findings showcase the challenges of forecasting biodiversity in natural ecosystems and stress the importance of monitoring focal biotic and abiotic predictors to anticipate undesired changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>pomati, f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saavedra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilarranz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biodiversity forecasting in natural plankton communities reveals temperature and biotic interactions as key predictors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA Polymerase II is a Polar Roadblock to a Progressing DNA Fork 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.617674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA replication and transcription occur simultaneously on the same DNA template, leading to inevitable conflicts between the replisome and RNA polymerase. These conflicts can stall the replication fork and threaten genome stability. Although numerous studies show that head-on conflicts are more detrimental and more prone to promoting R-loop formation than co-directional conflicts, the fundamental cause for the RNA polymerase roadblock polarity remains unclear, and the structure of these R-loops is speculative. In this work, we use a simple model system to address this complex question by examining the Pol II roadblock to a DNA fork advanced via mechanical unzipping to mimic the replisome progression. We found that the Pol II binds more stably to resist removal in the head-on configuration, even with minimal transcript size, demonstrating that the Pol II roadblock has an inherent polarity. However, an elongating Pol II with a long RNA transcript becomes an even more potent and persistent roadblock while retaining the polarity, and the formation of an RNA-DNA hybrid mediates this enhancement. Surprisingly, we discovered that when a Pol II collides with the DNA fork head-on and becomes backtracked, an RNA-DNA hybrid can form on the lagging strand in front of Pol II, creating a topological lock that traps Pol II at the fork. TFIIS facilitates RNA-DNA hybrid removal by severing the connection of Pol II with the hybrid. We further demonstrate that this RNA-DNA hybrid can prime lagging strand replication by T7 DNA polymerase while Pol II is still bound to DNA. Our findings capture basal properties of the interactions of Pol II with a DNA fork, revealing significant implications for transcription-replication conflicts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kay, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inman, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubkowska, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashlev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.11.617674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA Polymerase II is a Polar Roadblock to a Progressing DNA Fork]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.12.617288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ExoSloNano: Multi-Modal Nanogold Tags for identi-fication of Macromolecules in Live Cells & Cryo-Electron Tomograms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.12.617288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In situ cryo-Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) enables the direct interrogation of structure-function relationships by resolving macromolecular structures in their native cellular environment. Tremendous progress in sample preparation, imaging and data processing over the past decade has contributed to the identification and determination of large biomolecular complexes. However, the majority of proteins are of a size that still eludes identification in cellular cryo-EM data, and most proteins exist in low copy numbers. Therefore, novel tools are needed for cryo-EM to identify the vast majority of macromolecules across multiple size scales (from microns to nanometers). Here, we introduce and validate novel nanogold probes that enable the detection of specific proteins using cryo-ET (cryo-Electron Tomography) and resin-embedded correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM). We demonstrate that these nanogold probes can be introduced into live cells, in a manner that preserves intact molecular networks and cell viability. We use this system to identify both cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins by room temperature EM, and resolve associated structures by cryo-ET. We further employ gold particles of different sizes to enable future multiplexed labeling and structural analysis. By providing high efficiency protein labeling in live cells and molecular specificity within cryo-ET tomograms, we establish a broadly enabling tool that significantly expands the proteome available to electron microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherrard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riggi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giraldez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.12.617288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ExoSloNano: Multi-Modal Nanogold Tags for identi-fication of Macromolecules in Live Cells & Cryo-Electron Tomograms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.13.618094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in vitro platform for the enzymatic characterization of the rhomboid protease RHBDL4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.13.618094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhomboid proteases are ubiquitous intramembrane serine proteases that can cleave transmembrane substrates within lipid bilayers. They exhibit many and diverse functions, such as but not limited to, growth factor signaling, immune and inflammatory response, protein quality control, and parasitic invasion. Human rhomboid protease RHBDL4 has been demonstrated to play a critical role in removing misfolded proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and is implicated in severe diseases such as various cancers and Alzheimers disease. Therefore, RHBDL4 is expected to constitute an important therapeutic target for such devastating diseases. Despite its critical role in many biological processes, the enzymatic properties of RHBDL4 remain largely unknown. To enable a comprehensive characterization of RHBDL4s kinetics, catalytic parameters, substrate specificity, and binding modality we expressed and purified recombinant RHBDL4, and employed it in a Forster Resonance Energy Transfer-based cleavage assay. Until now, kinetic studies have been limited mostly to bacterial rhomboid proteases. Our in vitro platform offers a new method for studying RHBDL4s enzymatic function and substrate preferences. Furthermore, we developed and tested potential inhibitors using our assay and successfully identified peptidyl -ketoamide inhibitors of RHBDL4 that are highly effective against recombinant RHBDL4. We utilize ensemble docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the binding modality of substrate-derived peptides bound to RHBDL4.

Our analysis focused on key interactions and dynamic movements within RHBDL4s active site that contributed to binding stability, offering valuable insights for optimizing the non-prime side of RHBDL4 ketoamide inhibitors. In summary, our study offers fundamental insights into RHBDL4s catalytic activities and substrate preferences, laying the foundation for downstream applications such as drug inhibitor screenings and structure-function studies, which will enable the identification of lead drug compounds for RHBDL4.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhaduri, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braza, M. K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanchev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bach, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tauber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Bawab, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solorio-Kirpichyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanlley-Hernandez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemberg, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strisovsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.13.618094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in vitro platform for the enzymatic characterization of the rhomboid protease RHBDL4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.13.618083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retinoid X Receptor Signaling Mediates Cancer Cell Lipid Metabolism in the Leptomeninges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.13.618083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells metastatic to the leptomeninges encounter a metabolically-challenging extreme microenvironment. To understand adaptations to this space, we subjected leptomeningeal-metastatic (LeptoM) mouse breast and lung cancers isolated from either the leptomeninges or orthotopic primary sites to ATAC-and RNA-sequencing. When inhabiting the leptomeninges, the LeptoM cells demonstrated transcription downstream of retinoid-X-receptors (RXRs). We found evidence of local retinoic acid (RA) generation in both human leptomeningeal metastasis and mouse models in the form of elevated spinal fluid retinol and expression of RA-generating dehydrogenases within the leptomeningeal microenvironment. Stimulating LeptoM cells with RA induced expression of transcripts encoding de novo fatty acid synthesis pathway enzymes in vitro. In vivo, while deletion of Stra6 did not alter cancer cell leptomeningeal growth, knockout of Rxra/b/g interrupted cancer cell lipid biosynthesis and arrested cancer growth. These observations illustrate a mechanism whereby metastatic cancer cells awake locally-generated developmental cues for metabolically reprograming, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Remsik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brook, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pentrova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidharta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabot, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osei-Guyening, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nobre, A. R. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piedrafita-Ortiz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manoranjan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koche, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanarek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boire, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.13.618083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retinoid X Receptor Signaling Mediates Cancer Cell Lipid Metabolism in the Leptomeninges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic trajectory predicts development of clinical rheumatoid arthritis in ACPA+ individuals: Targeting Immune Responses for Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis (TIP-RA) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in the absence of clinically-apparent inflammatory arthritis (IA) identifies individuals "at-risk" for developing future clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is unclear why some ACPA+ individuals convert to clinical RA while others do not. We explored the possibility that epigenetic remodeling is part of the trajectory from an at-risk state to clinical disease. Cross-sectional differential methylation analysis at baseline revealed DMLs that distinguish the Pre-RA methylome from ACPA+ Non-converters. Genes overlapping these DMLs correspond to aberrant NOTCH signaling and DNA repair pathways in B cells. Longitudinal analysis showed that ACPA-Control and ACPA+ Non-converter methylomes are relatively constant. In contrast, the Pre-RA methylome remodeled along a dynamic "RA methylome trajectory" characterized by epigenetic changes in active regulatory elements. Machine learning revealed individual loci predictive of RA conversion. DNA methylation is a dynamic process in ACPA+ individuals at-risk for developing RA that later transition to clinical disease. In contrast, non-converters and controls have stable methylomes. The accumulation of epigenetic marks over time prior to conversion to clinical RA conforms to pathways that are associated with immunity and can be used to identify potential pathogenic pathways for therapeutic targeting and/or use as prognostic biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prideaux, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holers, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deane, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic trajectory predicts development of clinical rheumatoid arthritis in ACPA+ individuals: Targeting Immune Responses for Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis (TIP-RA)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Annotating full-scan MS data using tandem MS libraries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Public liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and MS imaging metabolomics data repositories contain millions of files, with over 40% of them consisting solely of MS1 (full-scan) information, creating a significant gap in data reuse potential due to limited annotation capabilities. Here, we present ms1-id, an open-source Python package providing a unified solution for structural annotation of full-scan MS data applicable to both LC-MS and MS imaging analyses. Our approach leverages in-source fragments to generate pseudo MS/MS spectra through correlation analysis in either chromatographic or spatial domains. We introduce precursor-tolerant reverse spectral matching that accommodates multiple ion forms simultaneously and peak intensity scaling that enables matching of low-energy in-source fragments against existing reference MS/MS libraries. Applied to inflammatory bowel disease cohorts and diverse MS imaging samples, our method uncovers metabolites previously overlooked in traditional analyses. This strategy effectively addresses a critical need in metabolomics data reuse by enabling level 2/3 structural annotation of MS1-only data, facilitating new biological insights from existing repository data that was previously only annotated at the molecular formula level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Annotating full-scan MS data using tandem MS libraries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic and 3D genome reprogramming during the aging of human hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related cognitive decline is associated with altered physiology of the hippocampus. While changes in gene expression have been observed in aging brain, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these changes remain underexplored. We generated single-nucleus gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and 3D genome data from 40 human hippocampal tissues spanning adult lifespan. We observed a striking loss of astrocytes, OPC, and endothelial cells during aging, including astrocytes that play a role in regulating synapses. Microglia undergo a dramatic switch from a homeostatic state to a primed inflammatory state through DNA methylome and 3D genome reprogramming. Aged cells experience erosion of their 3D genome architecture. Our study identifies age-associated changes in cell types/states and gene regulatory features that provide insight into cognitive decline during human aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berchtold, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garduno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartosik, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tani, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajith, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic and 3D genome reprogramming during the aging of human hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic Detection and Extraction of Key Resources from Tables in Biomedical Papers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tables are useful information artifacts that allow easy detection of data "missingness" by humans and have been deployed by several publishers to improve the amount of information present for key resources and reagents such as antibodies, cell lines, and other tools that constitute the inputs to a study. The STAR*Methods tables, specifically, have increased the "findability" of these key resources, but they have not been commonly available outside of the Cell Press journal family. To improve the availability of these tables in the broader biomedical literature, we have attempted to automatically process BioRxiv preprints to create tables from text or to recognize tables already created by authors and structure them for later use by publishers and search systems, to improve "findability" of resources in a larger amount of the scientific literature. The extraction of key resource tables in PDF files by the best in class tools resulted in Grid Table Similarity (GriTS) score of 0.12, so we have created several multimodal pipelines employing machine learning approaches for key resource table page identification, Table Transformer models for table detection and table structure recognition and a new table-specific language model for row over-segmentation to improve the extraction of text in tables created by biomedical authors and published on BioRxiv to around GriTS score of 0.90 enabling the deployment of automated research resource extraction tools onto BioRxiv.

Author summaryTables are useful information artifacts that allow for easy detection of data "missingness" by humans and have been implemented by several publishers to improve the amount of information present for key resources and reagents such as antibodies, cell lines, and other tools that constitute the inputs to a study. To improve the availability of these tables in the broader biomedical literature, we introduced four pipelines for key resource table extraction from biomedical documents in PDF format. Our approach reconstructs key resource tables using image level table detection and structure detection generated table boundary, column (and row) bounding box information together with PDF text alignment. To remedy row over-segmentation resulting from overflowing table cell contents, we introduced a language modeling (LM) based row merging solution where a character-level generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model was pre-trained on more than 11 million scientific table contents from PubMed Central Open Access Subset (PMC OAS). All introduced pipelines significantly outperformed GROBID baseline while our Table LM based row merging based pipeline, significantly outperformed all other pipelines including our OCR based pipeline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozyurt, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic Detection and Extraction of Key Resources from Tables in Biomedical Papers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of auxin-mediated gene activation in the bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perception and response to the hormone auxin is critical to plant growth and development. Expression of auxin-response genes is tightly regulated via known mechanisms of both activation and repression. Across the plant lineage, auxin-response gene induction is performed by AUXIN-REPSONSE FACTOR (ARF) activating transcription factors. Conversely, AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID proteins repress expression. Studies of gain-of-function constitutive-repression lines and ARF loss-of-function mutants have advanced the field. Yet, there is a need for a comparative study of aberrant auxin-signaling mutants to understand the developmental consequences of constitutive repression versus the absence of auxin-mediated gene induction. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing tools, we mutated each activating ARF gene in the model bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens. The resulting septuple loss-of-function mutant line (arfasept) has severe developmental phenotypes and a diminished ability to respond to exogenous auxin. However, phenotypic analysis revealed that the arfasept line is not as severely affected as the constitutive-repression lines. Expression analysis of several auxin-response genes demonstrate that auxin-mediated gene induction is abolished in both arfasept and constitutive-repression lines but that basal expression levels are higher in the arfaseptlines. Our results suggest that the expression of auxin-regulated genes important for developmental progression is maintained, albeit at reduced levels, in the absence of ARFs.

HighlightResearchers used CRIPSR/Cas9 to produce a septuple Auxin Response Factor mutant in the model bryophyte Physcomitrium patens revealing the consequences of the complete loss of auxin-mediated gene activation on development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bascom, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of auxin-mediated gene activation in the bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dark Microglia Are Abundant in Normal Postnatal Development, where they Remodel Synapses via Phagocytosis and Trogocytosis, and Are Dependent on TREM2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.618087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study examined dark microglia--a state linked to central nervous system pathology and neurodegeneration--during postnatal development in the mouse ventral hippocampus, finding that dark microglia interact with blood vessels and synapses and perform trogocytosis of pre-synaptic axon terminals. Furthermore, we found that dark microglia in development notably expressed C-type lectin domain family 7 member A (CLEC7a), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and required TREM2, differently from other microglia, suggesting a link between their role in remodeling during development and central nervous system pathology. Together, these results point towards a previously under-appreciated role for dark microglia in synaptic pruning and plasticity during normal postnatal development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vecchiarelli, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisht, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser Novak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traetta, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Segura, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St-Pierre, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picard, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordeleau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernoux, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khakpour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loewen, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinberg, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faustino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halvorson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pluchino, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vexler, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peruzzotti-Jametti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, M.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.618087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dark Microglia Are Abundant in Normal Postnatal Development, where they Remodel Synapses via Phagocytosis and Trogocytosis, and Are Dependent on TREM2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and Biosynthesis of Sulfenicin and Its New-to-Nature Acylsulfenic Acid Functional Group 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lifes organic molecules are built with diverse functional groups that enable biology by fine tuning intimate connections through time and space. As such, the discovery of new-to-nature functional groups can expand our understanding of the natural world and motivate new applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Herein we report the genome-aided discovery of sulfenicin, a novel polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid natural product from a marine Streptomyces bacterium bearing a unique acylsulfenic acid functionality. Through a series of heterologous biosynthesis, functional genetics, and enzymatic reconstitution experiments, we show that this previously described synthetic functional group is biologically assembled by a set of enzymes from both primary and secondary metabolism, including a novel flavin-dependent S-hydroxylase that hydroxylates a thiocarboxylic acids sulfur atom. While the sulfenicin biosynthetic gene cluster is presently without parallel in public databases, acylsulfenic acid-encoding enzymes are widely distributed in bacterial genomes, implying that this labile functional group may similarly have a broad distribution among specialized metabolites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madden, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulliam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Older, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Rond, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awakawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and Biosynthesis of Sulfenicin and Its New-to-Nature Acylsulfenic Acid Functional Group]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic Ryk signaling coordinates scarring and wound healing after spinal cord injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wound healing after spinal cord injury involves highly coordinated interactions among multiple cell types, which is poorly understood. Astrocytes play a central role in creating a border against the non-neural lesion core. To do so, astrocytes undergo dramatic morphological changes by first thickening the processes and then elongating and overlap them. We show here show that the expression of a cell-surface receptor, Ryk, is induced in astrocytes after injury in both rodent and human spinal cord. Astrocyte-specific knockout of Ryk dramatically elongated the reactive astrocytes and accelerated the formation of the border and reduced the size of the scar. Astrocyte-specific knockout of Ryk also accelerated the injury responses of multiple cell types, including the resolution of neuroinflammation. Single cell transcriptomics analyses revealed a broad range of changes cell signaling among astrocytes, microglia, fibroblasts, endothelial cell, etc, after astrocyte-specific Ryk knockout, suggesting that Ryk not only regulates the injury response of astrocytes but may also regulate signals which coordinate the responses of multiple cell types. The elongation is mediated by NrCAM, a cell adhesion molecule induced by astrocyte-specific conditional knockout of Ryk after spinal cord injury. Our findings suggest a promising therapeutic target to accelerate wound healing and promote neuronal survival and enhance functional recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicenzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic Ryk signaling coordinates scarring and wound healing after spinal cord injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.19.619171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hybrid incompatibility emerges at the one-cell stage in interspecies Caenorhabditis embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.19.619171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic reproductive isolation occurs when genetic divergence between populations disrupts hybrid development, preventing gene flow and enforcing speciation.1-4 Over the past two decades, researchers have identified molecular mechanisms underlying a few dozen cases of hybrid incompatibility in animals.5 Much of this work has focused on mismatches in zygotic gene regulation,6-11 but other mechanisms have also emerged, including symbiont-driven incompatibilities,12 nucleoporin mismatches affecting nuclear-cytoplasmic transport,13 and divergence in centromeric or heterochromatic regions and their regulatory proteins which can lead to the inability of the oocyte cytoplasm to segregate sperm-derived chromosomes.14-19 Since studies to date have focused on a limited number of species, uncovering mechanisms across diverse taxa will be important to understanding broader patterns of hybrid incompatibility.

Here, we investigate the mechanistic basis of hybrid incompatibility in Caenorhabditis nematodes by leveraging the ability of C. brenneri females to produce embryos after mating with males from several other species. We find that incompatibilities emerge between fertilization and the onset of zygotic transcription, which begins at the 4-cell stage.20-23 In Caenorhabditis embryos, as in many animals,24,25 sperm deliver chromatin and centrioles into the oocyte.26-29 After remaining quiescent during oocyte meiosis, the sperm chromatin acquires a nuclear envelope, and centrioles initiate centrosome formation.30-32 Centrosomes remain tethered to the sperm pronucleus, which positions them near the cortex to establish anterior-posterior polarity.33,34 We identify two key processes that are destabilized in hybrids: (1) the ability of oocytes to control sperm-derived pronuclear expansion, and (2) successful polar body formation. When sperm pronuclear expansion is delayed, centrosomes detach, which leads to defects in polarity establishment. Hybrid embryos typically experience one or more stochastic failures of early developmental events that accumulate and eventually kill them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.19.619171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hybrid incompatibility emerges at the one-cell stage in interspecies Caenorhabditis embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanoscale curvature of the plasma membrane regulates mechanoadaptation through nuclear deformation and rupture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear translocation of the transcription regulatory proteins YAP and TAZ is a critical readout of cellular mechanotransduction. Recent experiments have demonstrated that cells on substrates with well-defined nanotopographies demonstrate mechanoadaptation through a multitude of effects - increased integrin endocytosis as a function of nanopillar curvature, increased local actin assembly on nanopillars but decreased global cytoskeletal stiffness, and enhanced nuclear deformation. How do cells respond to local nanotopo-graphical cues and integrate their responses across multiple length scales? This question is addressed using a biophysical model that incorporates plasma membrane (PM) curvature-dependent endocytosis, PM curvature-sensitive actin assembly, and stretch-induced opening of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the nuclear envelope (NE). This model recapitulates lower levels of global cytoskeletal assembly on nanopillar substrates, which can be partially compensated for by local actin assembly and NE indentation, leading to enhanced YAP/TAZ transport through stretched NPCs. Using cell shapes informed by electron micrographs and fluorescence images, the model predicts lamin A and F-actin localization around nanopillars, in good agreement with experimental measurements. Finally, simulations predict nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ following rupture of the NE and this is validated by experiments. Overall, this study indicates that nanotopography tunes mechanoadaptation through both positive and negative feedback on mechanotransduction.

Table of Contents

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=185 SRC="FIGDIR/small/619165v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ec6d5aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ff6ec2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c09f46org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18df50_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG This study uses experiments and biophysical modeling to examine the response and adaptation of cells to nanoscale topography of surfaces. It is shown that cytoskeletal assembly and nuclear localization of transcription regulatory factors such as YAP/TAZ can be tuned by nanoscale membrane curvature and nuclear deformation and rupture due to substrate nanotopography.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarikhani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meganathan, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.18.619165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanoscale curvature of the plasma membrane regulates mechanoadaptation through nuclear deformation and rupture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The YTHDF Proteins Shape the Brain Gene Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gene signatures of Alzheimers Disease (AD) brains reflect an output of a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, epi-transcriptomic, and post-transcriptional regulations. To identify the most significant factor that shapes the AD brain signature, we developed a machine learning model (DEcode-tree) to integrate cellular and molecular factors explaining differential gene expression in AD. Our model indicates that YTHDF proteins, the canonical readers of N6-methyladenosine RNA modification (m6A), are the most influential predictors of the AD brain signature. We then show that protein modules containing YTHDFs are downregulated in human AD brains, and knocking out YTHDFs in iPSC-derived neural cells recapitulates the AD brain gene signature in vitro. Furthermore, eCLIP-seq analysis revealed that YTHDF proteins influence AD signatures through both m6A-dependent and independent pathways. These results indicate the central role of YTHDF proteins in shaping the gene signature of AD brains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tasaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avey, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iatrou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Tissera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vyas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flood, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingo, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingo, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyfried, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jager, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaiteri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The YTHDF Proteins Shape the Brain Gene Signatures of Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.618756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of PIM kinase in tumor associated macrophages suppresses inflammasome 1 activation and sensitizes prostate cancer to immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.618756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy has changed the treatment paradigm for many types of cancer, but immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not shown benefit in prostate cancer (PCa). Chronic inflammation contributes to the immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) and is associated with poor response to ICIs. The primary source of inflammatory cytokine production is the inflammasome. Here, we identify PIM kinases as important regulators of inflammasome activation in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Analysis of clinical data from a cohort of treatment naive, hormone responsive PCa patients revealed that tumors from patients with high PIM1/2/3 display an immunosuppressive TME characterized by high inflammation (IL-1{beta} and TNF) and a high density of repressive immune cells, most notably TAMs. Strikingly, macrophage-specific knockout of PIM reduced tumor growth in syngeneic models of prostate cancer. Transcriptional analyses indicate that eliminating PIM from macrophages enhanced the adaptive immune response and increased cytotoxic immune cells. Combined treatment with PIM inhibitors and ICIs synergistically reduced tumor growth. Immune profiling revealed that PIM inhibitors sensitized PCa tumors to ICIs by increasing tumor suppressive TAMs and increasing the activation of cytotoxic T cells. Collectively, our data implicate macrophage PIM as a driver of inflammation that limits the potency of ICIs and provides preclinical evidence that PIM inhibitors are an effective strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clements, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casillas, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutterby, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshmukh, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radovich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nabhan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heath, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKay, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Centuori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cress, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recio-Boiles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warfel, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.618756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of PIM kinase in tumor associated macrophages suppresses inflammasome 1 activation and sensitizes prostate cancer to immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient secretion of a plastic degrading enzyme from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plastic pollution has become a global crisis, with microplastics contaminating every environment on the planet, including our food, water, and even our bodies. In response, there is a growing interest in developing plastics that biodegrade naturally, thus avoiding the creation of persistent microplastics. As a mechanism to increase the rate of polyester plastic degradation, we examined the potential of using the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the expression and secretion of PHL7, an enzyme that breaks down post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics. We engineered C. reinhardtii to secrete active PHL7 enzyme and selected strains showing robust expression, by using agar plates containing a polyester polyurethane (PU) dispersion as an efficient screening tool. This method demonstrated the enzymes efficacy in degrading ester bond-containing plastics, such as PET and bio-based polyurethanes, and highlights the potential for microalgae to be implemented in environmental biotechnology. The effectiveness of algal-expressed PHL7 in degrading plastics was shown by incubating PET with the supernatant from engineered strains, resulting in substantial plastic degradation, confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis of terephthalic acid (TPA) formation from PET. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of polyester plastic recycling using microalgae to produce plastic-degrading enzymes. This eco-friendly approach can support global efforts toward eliminating plastic in our environment, and aligns with the pursuit of low-carbon materials, as these engineered algae can also produce plastic monomer precursors. Finally, this data demonstrates C. reinhardtii capabilities for recombinant enzyme production and secretion, offering a "green" alternative to traditional industrial enzyme production methods.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Molino, J. V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saucedo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient secretion of a plastic degrading enzyme from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulated larvae dispersion of the invasive sun-coral (Tubastrea spp.) along Rio de Janeiro's coast: the role of submesoscale filaments on offshore transport and connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spread of invasive species in marine ecosystems is a growing global concern, particularly in regions with high economic and ecological importance. sun corals (Tubastraea spp.) are scleractinians native to the Pacific Ocean that have spread along most of the Brazilian coast. This exotic species initially established populations in Rio de Janeiro, reaching high levels of abundance. Although the ecological aspects and impacts caused by this organism have been studied in detail, the natural mechanisms that drive its dispersal have attracted little attention. In this research, we focus on the offshore transport of sun coral larvae between Cabo de Sao Tome and Ilha Grande Bay, RJ, investigating how submesoscale oceanographic features such as filaments, eddies and upwelling influence connectivity among different population. High-resolution numerical simulations were used to model the coastal dynamics, incorporating the influence of the Brazil Current, wind-driven circulation, and submesoscale structures. Larval dispersal was examined under different wind scenarios, including northeasterly winds that drive southward currents which enhance offshore transport via submesoscale filaments. Results show that submesoscale features, particularly filaments emerged from upwelling regions, play a significant role on sun coral larvae dispersion. These features act as pathways that connect larvae from coastal to offshore oil exploration areas, highlighting the importance of both natural and anthropogenic processes for the dissemination of this invasive species. This research provides critical insights into the ecological mechanisms governing the spread of invasive marine species, emphasizing the need for integrated coastal management strategies. Understanding how physical processes drive larval transport is essential for developing targeted control measures to mitigate the impact of invasive species like sun coral on native ecosystems and local economies. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of monitoring both natural and anthropogenic influences on marine bioinvasions, particularly in regions with significant offshore industrial activities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosensa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraes, F. L. P. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias Luko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xavier, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batista, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domingos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calazans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulated larvae dispersion of the invasive sun-coral (Tubastrea spp.) along Rio de Janeiro's coast: the role of submesoscale filaments on offshore transport and connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic genotype-phenotype translation using hierarchical transformers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have linked millions of genetic variants to biomedical phenotypes, but their utility has been limited by lack of mechanistic understanding and widespread epistatic interactions. Recently, Transformer models have emerged as powerful machine learning architectures with potential to address these and other challenges. Here we introduce the Genotype-to-Phenotype Transformer (G2PT), a framework for modeling hierarchical information flow among variants, genes, multigenic systems, and phenotypes. As proof-of-concept, we train G2PT to model the genetics of metabolic traits including insulin resistance (serum triglycerides-to-HDL ratio), LDL and type-2 diabetes. G2PT predicts these traits with accuracy exceeding state-of-the-art and, unlike other polygenic models, extends to distinct populations not used for training. Predictions of insulin resistance are based on >1,395 variants within 20 systems and include epistatic interactions among variants, e.g. between APOA4 and CETP in phospholipid transfer. This work positions hierarchical graph transformers as a next-generation approach to polygenic risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majithia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic genotype-phenotype translation using hierarchical transformers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA driven oncogene spatial heterogeneity and evolution in glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is strongly associated with treatment resistance and shorter survival for patients with cancer, including patients with glioblastoma. The non-chromosomal inheritance of ecDNA during cell division is a major contributor to intratumoral genetic heterogeneity. At present, the spatial dynamics of ecDNA, and the impact on tumor evolutionary trajectories, are not well understood. Here, we investigate the spatial-temporal evolution of ecDNA and its clinical impact by analyzing tumor samples from 94 treatment-naive human IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients. We developed a spatial-temporal computational model of ecDNA positive tumors ( SPECIES) that integrates whole-genome sequencing, multi-region DNA FISH, and nascent RNAscope, to provide unique insight into the spatial dynamics of ecDNA evolution. Random segregation in combination with positive selection of ecDNAs induce large, predictable spatial patterns of cell-to-cell ecDNA copy number variation that are highly dependent on the oncogene encoded on the circular DNA. EGFR ecDNAs often reach high mean copy number (mean of 50 copies per tumor cell), are under strong positive selection (mean selection coefficient, s > 2) and do not co-amplify other oncogenes on the same ecDNA particles. In contrast, PDGFRA ecDNAs have lower mean copy number (mean of 15 copies per cell), are under weaker positive selection and frequently co-amplify other oncogenes on the same ecDNA. Evolutionary modeling suggests that EGFR ecDNAs often accumulate prior to clonal expansion. EGFR structural variants, including vIII and c-terminal deletions are under strong positive selection, are found exclusively on ecDNA, and are intermixed with wild-type EGFR ecDNAs. Simulations show EGFRvIII ecDNA likely arises after ecDNA formation in a cell with high wild-type EGFR copy number (> 10) before the onset of the most recent clonal expansion. This remains true even in cases of co-selection and co-amplification of multiple oncogenic ecDNA species in a subset of patients. Overall, our results suggest a potential time window in which early ecDNA detection may provide an opportunity for more effective intervention.

HighlightsO_LIecDNA is the most common mechanism of focal oncogene amplification in IDHwt glioblastoma.
C_LIO_LIEGFR and its variants on ecDNA are particularly potent, likely arising early in tumor development, providing a strong oncogenic stimulus to drive tumorigenesis.
C_LIO_LIWild-type and variant EGFR ecDNA heteroplasmy (co-occurrence) is common with EGFRvIII or c-terminal deletions being derived from EGFR wild-type ecDNA prior to the most recent clonal expansion.
C_LIO_LITumors with ecDNA amplified EGFR versus PDGFRA exhibit different evolutionary trajectories.
C_LIO_LISPECIES model can infer spatial evolutionary dynamics of ecDNA in cancer.
C_LIO_LIA delay between ecDNA accumulation and subsequent oncogenic mutation may give a therapeutic window for early intervention.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noorani, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haughey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grönroos, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terenzi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, I. T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kittel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeden, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbe, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nye, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meader, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamal-Hanjani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santarius, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoll, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boche, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.22.619657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrachromosomal DNA driven oncogene spatial heterogeneity and evolution in glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AI-readiness for Biomedical Data: Bridge2AI Recommendations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomedical research is rapidly adopting artificial intelligence (AI). Yet the inherent complexity of biomedical data preparation requires implementing actionable, robust criteria for ethical and explainable AI (XAI) at the "pre-model" stage, encompassing data acquisition, detailed transformations, and ethical governance. Simple conformance to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) Principles is insufficient.

Here, we define criteria and practices for reliable AI-readiness of biomedical data, developed by the NIH Bridge to Artificial Intelligence (Bridge2AI) Standards Working Group across seven core dimensions of dataset AI-readiness: FAIRness, Provenance, Characterization, Ethics, Pre-model Explainability, Sustainability, and Computability. Conformance to these criteria provides a basis for pre-model scientific rigor and ethical integrity, mitigating downstream risks of bias and error before AI modeling. We apply and evaluate these standards across all four Bridge2AI flagship datasets, spanning functional genomics to clinical medicine, and encode them in machine-actionable metadata bound to the datasets.

This framework sets a benchmark for preparing ethical, reusable datasets in biomedical AI and provides standardized methods for reliable pre-model data evaluation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clark, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caufield, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Manir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amorim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gim, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gow, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goar, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haendel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermjakob, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWeeney, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebeker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheffield, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheynkman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mungall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Torres, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AI-readiness for Biomedical Data: Bridge2AI Recommendations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.620071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic Alterations, Race, and Survival in US Veterans with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Undergoing Somatic Tumor Next Generation Sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.620071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeNational guidelines recommend next generation sequencing (NGS) of tumors in patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) to identify potential actionable alterations. We sought to describe the spectrum and frequency of alterations in PCa-related genes and pathways, as well as associations with self-identified race/ethnicity, and overall survival in US Veterans.

Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Non-Hispanic white (NHW) Veterans with mPCa who obtained NGS through the Veterans Affairs National Precision Oncology Program. 45 genes in seven canonical or targetable mPCa pathways were evaluated in addition to TMB and MSI status. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated associations between race/ethnicity and genomic alteration frequencies. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between race/ethnicity, specific gene/pathway alteration, and overall survival.

Results5,015 Veterans with mPCa who had NGS conducted were included (1,784 NHB, 3,231 NHW). NHB Veterans were younger, had higher PSA at diagnosis, were less likely to report Agent Orange exposure, and resided in more deprived neighborhoods compared to NHW Veterans. Nine of the top ten most commonly altered genes were the same in NHB v NHW Veterans; however, the frequencies of alterations varied by race/ethnicity. NHB race/ethnicity was associated with higher odds of genomic alterations in SPOP (OR 1.7 [1.2-2.6]) as well as immunotherapy targets (OR 1.7 [1.1-2.7]) including MSI high status (OR 3.1 [1.1-9.4]).

Furthermore, NHB race/ethnicity was significantly associated with lower odds of genomic alterations in the AKT/PI3K pathway (OR 0.6 [0.4-0.7]), AR axis (OR 0.7 [0.5-0.9]), and tumor suppressor genes (OR 0.7 [0.5-0.8]). Cox proportional hazards modelling stratified by race/ethnicity demonstrated alterations in tumor suppressor genes including TP53 were associated with shorter OS in both NHB (HR 1.54 [1.13-2.11] and NHW individuals (HR 1.52 [1.25-1.85]).

ConclusionIn the equal access VA healthcare setting, Veterans undergoing NGS for mPCa exhibited differences in alteration frequencies in both actionable and non-actionable pathways that may be associated with survival. This analysis affirms the utility of genomic testing for identifying candidates irrespective of race/ethnicity for precision oncology treatments, which could contribute to equitable outcomes in patients with mPCa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Valle, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hausler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haroldsen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatwal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebbeck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rettig, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickols, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garraway, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamoah, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.24.620071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic Alterations, Race, and Survival in US Veterans with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Undergoing Somatic Tumor Next Generation Sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.620114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HT SpaceM: A High-Throughput and Reproducible Method for Small-Molecule Single-Cell Metabolomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.620114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell metabolomics promises to resolve metabolic cellular heterogeneity, yet current methods struggle with detecting small molecules, throughput, and reproducibility. Addressing these gaps, we developed HT SpaceM, a high-throughput single-cell metabolomics method with novel cell preparation, custom glass slides, small-molecule MALDI imaging mass spectrometry protocol, and batch processing. We propose a unified framework covering essential data analysis steps including quality control, characterization, differential analysis, structural validation and functional analysis. Interrogating human HeLa and mouse NIH3T3 cells, we detected 73 diverse small-molecule metabolites validated by bulk LC-MS/MS, achieving high reproducibility across wells and slides. Interrogating nine NCI-60 cancer cells and HeLa, we identified cell-type markers in small subpopulations. Functional analysis revealed overrepresented metabolic pathways, co-abundant metabolites, and metabolic hubs. We demonstrate the ability of SCM to analyze over 120,000 cells from over 112 samples, and provide guidance to interpret single-cell metabolic heterogeneity, revealing metabolic insights beyond population averages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delafiori, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahraz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenbarth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilsenstein, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drotleff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekelöf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattausch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.24.620114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HT SpaceM: A High-Throughput and Reproducible Method for Small-Molecule Single-Cell Metabolomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Explicitly Acquired Interrelations Among Mental Schema Reduces Cognitive Load and Facilitates Emergence of Novel Responses in Mice and Artificial Neural Networks. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian brain has evolved to infer from past experiences and elicit context relevant novel behavioural responses hitherto unexpressed by the animal. However, little is known about how prior knowledge influences the emergence of such responses. Remarkably, the brain not only arrives at these responses through logical inferences based on previous leanings, but also acquire new related information, without causing catastrophic interference. Mental schemas have often been proposed as the framework for this phenomenon. In this study, using mice as a model animal, we show that schematic networks not only enhance the cognitive load handling capacity (CLHC) and prevent catastrophic interference, but also facilitate the generation of novel, contextually relevant responses. Interestingly, when the animals were trained in a paradigm that did not invoke the pre-formed mental schema, we observed neither an enhancement to CLHC nor a generation of novel context relevant responses. Based on the principles of mental schemas discovered in our animal experiments, we developed a biologically plausible artificial neural network (ANN) that avoids catastrophic interference and captures the learning properties observed in our experiments. The custom architecture of this ANN enables it to generate responses similar to those of animals in novel scenarios.

Significance StatementLittle is known about the role of mental schemas in preventing memory interference--a process in which overlapping or similar memories hinder the acquisition and retention of related information. In this study, we demonstrate that mental schemas enhance cognitive load handling capacity and improve the ability to solve novel but related problems. Using mice as a model, we show that the mere existence of a mental schema is not enough for improved cognitive load handling; instead, the relationship between existing and new information must be explicitly established during the learning process. Based on these findings, we developed a minimalistic artificial neural network (ANN) that effectively mimics this behaviour. These insights pave the way for developing more efficient learning and teaching strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaprakash, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Explicitly Acquired Interrelations Among Mental Schema Reduces Cognitive Load and Facilitates Emergence of Novel Responses in Mice and Artificial Neural Networks.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EEG-VLM Toolbox: Extending voxel-based lesion mapping to multi-dimensional EEG data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Focal brain lesions (such as with stroke) cause functional changes in local and distributed neural systems. While there is a long history of post-stroke neurophysiological assessment using electroencephalography (EEG), the observed neurophysiological changes have rarely been related to specific lesion locations. Therefore, the relationships between anatomical injury and physiological changes after stroke remain unclear. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) is a tool for statistically relating stroke lesion locations to "symptoms", but current VLSM methods are restricted to symptoms that can be defined by a single value. Therefore, current VLSM techniques are unable to map the relationships between anatomical injury and multidimensional neurophysiological data such as EEG, which contains rich spatio-temporal information across different channels and frequency bands.

Here we present a novel algorithm, EEG Voxel-based Lesion Mapping (EEG-VLM), that produces the set of significant relationships between precise neuroanatomical injury locations and neurophysiology (defined by a cluster of adjacent EEG channels and frequency bands). Further, the algorithm provides statistical analyses to define the overall significance of each neural structure-function relationship by correcting for multiple comparisons using a permutation test. Applying EEG-VLM to a dataset of recordings from chronic stroke patients performing a cued upper extremity movement task, we found that subjects with lesions in frontal subcortical white matter have reduced ipsilesional parietal cue-evoked EEG responses. These results are consistent with damage to a frontal-parietal network that has been associated with impairments in attention. EEG-VLM is a novel and unbiased method for relating neurophysiologic changes after stroke with neuroanatomic lesions. In the context of focal brain lesions associated with neurological impairments, we propose that this method will enable improved mechanistic understanding, facilitate biomarker development, and guide neurorehabilitation strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hardstone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dusang, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Larraz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jesser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cramer, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochberg, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Murguialday, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EEG-VLM Toolbox: Extending voxel-based lesion mapping to multi-dimensional EEG data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular and molecular mechanisms that shape the development and evolution of tail vertebral proportion in mice and jerboas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the functional importance of the vertebral skeleton, little is known about how individual vertebrae elongate or achieve disproportionate lengths as in the giraffe neck. Rodent tails are an abundantly diverse and more tractable system to understand mechanisms of vertebral growth and proportion. In many rodents, disproportionately long mid-tail vertebrae form a  crescendo-decrescendo of lengths in the tail series. In bipedal jerboas, these vertebrae grow exceptionally long such that the adult tail is 1.5x the length of a mouse tail, relative to body length, with four fewer vertebrae. How do vertebrae with the same regional identity elongate differently from their neighbors to establish and diversify adult proportion? Here, we find that vertebral lengths are largely determined by differences in growth cartilage height and the number of cells progressing through endochondral ossification. Hypertrophic chondrocyte size, a major contributor to differential elongation in mammal limb bones, differs only in the longest jerboa mid-tail vertebrae where they are exceptionally large. To uncover candidate molecular mechanisms of disproportionate vertebral growth, we performed intersectional RNA-Seq of mouse and jerboa tail vertebrae with similar and disproportionate elongation rates. Many regulators of posterior axial identity and endochondral elongation are disproportionately differentially expressed in jerboa vertebrae. Among these, the inhibitory natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR3) appears in multiple studies of rodent and human skeletal proportion suggesting it refines local growth rates broadly in the skeleton and broadly in mammals. Consistent with this hypothesis, NPR3 loss of function mice have abnormal tail and limb proportions. Therefore, in addition to genetic components of the complex process of vertebral evolution, these studies reveal fundamental mechanisms of skeletal growth and proportion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weber, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitzel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gacasan, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular and molecular mechanisms that shape the development and evolution of tail vertebral proportion in mice and jerboas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developing a Multiscale Neural Connectivity Knowledgebase of the Autonomic Nervous System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions (SPARC) program is a U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded effort to enhance our understanding of the neural circuitry responsible for visceral control. SPARCs mission is to identify, extract, and compile our overall existing knowledge and understanding of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) connectivity between the central nervous system and end organs. A major goal of SPARC is to use this knowledge to promote the development of the next generation of neuromodulation devices and bioelectronic medicine for nervous system diseases. As part of the SPARC program, we have been developing SCKAN, a dynamic knowledge base of ANS connectivity that contains information about the origins, terminations, and routing of ANS projections. The distillation of SPARCs connectivity knowledge into this knowledge base involves a rigorous curation process to capture connectivity information provided by experts, published literature, textbooks, and SPARC scientific data. SCKAN is used to automatically generate anatomical and functional connectivity maps on the SPARC portal.

In this article, we present the design and functionality of SCKAN, including the detailed knowledge engineering process developed to populate the resource with high quality and accurate data. We discuss the process from both the perspective of SCKANs ontological representation as well as its practical applications in developing information systems. We share our techniques, strategies, tools and insights for developing a practical knowledgebase of ANS connectivity that supports continual enhancement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Imam, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziogas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surles-Zeigler, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tappan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozyurt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boline, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bono, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developing a Multiscale Neural Connectivity Knowledgebase of the Autonomic Nervous System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complex system modelling reveals oxalate homeostasis is driven by diverse oxalate-degrading bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decades of research have made clear that host-associated microbiomes touch all facets of health. However, effective therapies that target the microbiome have been elusive given its inherent complexity. Here, we experimentally examined diet-microbe-host interactions through a complex systems framework, centered on dietary oxalate. Using multiple, independent molecular, animal, and in vitro experimental models, we found that microbiome composition influenced multiple oxalate-microbe-host interfaces. Importantly, administration of the oxalate-degrading specialist, Oxalobacter formigenes, was only effective against a poor oxalate-degrading microbiota background and gives critical new insights into why clinical intervention trials with this species exhibit variable outcomes. Data suggest that, while heterogeneity in the microbiome impacts multiple diet-host-microbe interfaces, metabolic redundancy among diverse microorganisms in specific diet-microbe axes is a critical variable that may impact the efficacy of bacteriotherapies, which can help guide patient and probiotic selection criteria in probiotic clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batagello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agudelo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zampini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suryavanshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dearing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monga, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complex system modelling reveals oxalate homeostasis is driven by diverse oxalate-degrading bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of a Putative Terminal Amidation Domain in Natural Product Biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria are rich sources of pharmaceutically valuable natural products, many crafted by modular polyketide synthases (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). PKS and NRPS systems typically contain a thioesterase (TE) to offload a linear or cyclized product from a carrier protein, but alternative chemistry is needed for products with a terminal amide. Several pathways with amidated products also possess an uncharacterized 400-amino acid terminal domain. We present the characterization and structure of this putative terminal amidation domain (TAD). TAD binds NAD with the nicotinamide near an invariant cysteine that is also accessible to an intermediate on a carrier protein, indicating a catalytic role. The TAD structure resembles cyanobacterial acyl-ACP reductase (AAR), which binds NADPH near an analogous catalytic cysteine. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that TADs are broadly distributed across bacterial phyla and often occur at the end of terminal NRPS modules, suggesting many amidated products may yet be discovered.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rankin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khare, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of a Putative Terminal Amidation Domain in Natural Product Biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable Fabrication of a Tough and Recyclable Spore-Bearing Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyurethane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are a class of versatile thermoplastic elastomers where most of their products lack a proper recycling strategy or have no end-of-life solutions. To pursue a sustainable end-of-life solution for TPU based products, self-disintegrating biocomposite TPUs have recently been developed by embedding spores of TPU-degrading bacteria into TPUs using melt extrusion. Herein, we improve upon spore-bearing biocomposites and demonstrate industrially-relevant manufacturing conditions for the fabrication of biocomposite TPUs. Spore production was modified to reduce the innate brown color of the resulting materials and, effectively minimize the coloration of biocomposite TPUs. Reduction of FeSO4 in a sporulation media generated white spores without compromising spore productivity, viability, morphology or heat-shock tolerance. Biocomposite TPUs containing white spores displayed a 45% increase in toughness compared to TPUs without spores, while retaining [~]90% spore viability post processing. Furthermore, biocomposite TPU fabrication was demonstrated using a scalable continuous extruder followed by injection molding. Biocomposite TPUs generated by these industry-relevant processes exhibited comparable toughness improvement and spore viability to biocomposite TPU prepared using a lab scale microcompounder, while enhancing productivity by 30-fold. Finally, spore addition improved biocomposite TPUs recyclability, enabling 80% toughness retention after 5 rounds of iterative melt processing. Additionally, no negative effect on the lifespan of the generated TPUs was observed over a duration of 1 year of storage. Overall, this study confirmed that spore-bearing biocomposite TPUs are promising for practical applications, offering an accessible method to enhance toughness and sustainability of commercial TPUs through the incorporation of spore-based living fillers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crane, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Locklin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokorski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable Fabrication of a Tough and Recyclable Spore-Bearing Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyurethane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-Free Optical Biopsy Reveals Biomolecular and Morphological Features of Diabetic Kidney Tissue in 2D and 3D 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.27.620507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kidney disease, the ninth leading cause of death in the United States, has one of the poorest diagnostic efficiencies of only 10%1. Conventional diagnostic methods often rely on light microscopy analysis of 2D fixed tissue sections with limited molecular insight compared to omics studies. Targeting multiple features in a biopsy using molecular or chemical reagents can enhance molecular phenotyping but are limited by overlap of their spatial and chromatic properties, variations in quality of the products, limited multimodal nature and need additional tissue processing. To overcome these limitations and increase the breadth of molecular information available from tissue without an impact on routine diagnostic workup, we implemented label-free imaging modalities including stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG), and two photon fluorescence (TPF) into a single microscopy setup. We visualized and identified morphological, structural, lipidomic, and metabolic biomarkers of control and diabetic human kidney biopsy samples in 2D and 3D at a subcellular resolution. The label-free biomarkers, including collagen fiber morphology, mesangial-glomerular fractional volume, lipid saturation, redox status, and relative lipid and protein concentrations in the form of Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH), illustrate distinct features in kidney disease tissues not previously appreciated. The same tissue section can be used for routine diagnostic work up thus enhancing the power of cliniopathological insights obtainable without compromising already limited tissue. The additional multimodal biomarkers and metrics are broadly applicable and deepen our understanding of the progression of kidney diseases by integrating lipidomic, fibrotic, and metabolic data.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=125 SRC="FIGDIR/small/620507v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@116edb1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4f010corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cde718org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ff0841_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical AbstractC_FLOATNO Label-free indicators of diabetic nephropathies.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fung, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boote, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markov, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.27.620507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-Free Optical Biopsy Reveals Biomolecular and Morphological Features of Diabetic Kidney Tissue in 2D and 3D]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directed evolution of the multicopper oxidase laccase for cell surface proximity labeling and electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enzymes that oxidize aromatic substrates have shown utility in a range of cell-based technologies including live cell proximity labeling (PL) and electron microscopy (EM), but are associated with drawbacks such as the need for toxic H2O2. Here, we explore laccases as a novel enzyme class for PL and EM in mammalian cells. LaccID, generated via 11 rounds of directed evolution from an ancestral fungal laccase, catalyzes the one-electron oxidation of diverse aromatic substrates using O2 instead of toxic H2O2, and exhibits activity selective to the surface plasma membrane of both living and fixed cells. We show that LaccID can be used with mass spectrometry-based proteomics to map the changing surface composition of T cells that engage with tumor cells via antigen-specific T cell receptors. In addition, we use LaccID as a genetically-encodable tag for EM visualization of cell surface features in mammalian cell culture and in the fly brain. Our study paves the way for future cell-based applications of LaccID.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Perez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackey, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoces, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luginbuhl, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udeshi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Lopez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcalde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directed evolution of the multicopper oxidase laccase for cell surface proximity labeling and electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pattern-based genome mining guides discovery of the antibiotic indanopyrrole A from a marine streptomycete. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Terrestrial actinomycetes in the genus Streptomyces have long been recognized as prolific producers of small molecule natural products, including many clinically important antibiotics and cytotoxic agents. Although Streptomyces can also be isolated from marine environments, their potential for natural product biosynthesis remains underexplored. The MAR4 clade of largely marine-derived Streptomyces has been a rich source of novel halogenated natural products of diverse structural classes. To further explore the biosynthetic potential of this group, we applied pattern-based genome mining leading to the discovery of the first halogenated pyrroloketoindane natural products, indanopyrrole A (1) and B (2), and the bioinformatic linkage of these compounds to an orphan biosynthetic gene cluster (BCG) in 20 MAR4 genomes. Indanopyrrole A displays potent broad-spectrum antibiotic activity against clinically relevant pathogens. A comparison of the putative indanopyrrole BGC with that of the related compound indanomycin provides new insights into the terminal cyclization and offloading mechanisms in pyrroloketoindane biosynthesis. Broader searches of public databases reveal the rarity of this BGC while also highlighting opportunities for discovering additional compounds in this uncommon class.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=108 SRC="FIGDIR/small/620887v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chase, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro-Falcon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinidad-Javier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pattern-based genome mining guides discovery of the antibiotic indanopyrrole A from a marine streptomycete.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a large cohort of Enterobacter jumbo phages with broad host ranges across pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ESKAPE pathogens cause most hospital-acquired infections globally and often carry antibiotic resistance. Many of them have been the target of bacteriophage therapies. Enterobacter is an ESKAPE pathogen but is less frequently a target for phage therapy due to a relative lack of available phages. We isolated eight jumbo phages with genomes ranging from 223 to 366 kbp targeting Enterobacter spp. and found that they belonged to separate phage clades. Six of them formed nucleus-like structures confirmed by DAPI-staining, and were phylogenetically related to Chimalliviridae. Two jumbo phages did not form nucleus-like structures and did not cluster with Chimalliviridae. Although these jumbo phages were found on Enterobacter, many were closely related to phages with non-Enterobacter hosts. To test whether these phages may have had expanded host ranges, we examined 14 pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria and found that these phages were capable of creating plaques on 8 of them. These species included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Providencia spp., Citrobacter spp., and Cronobacter sakazakii. We verified that there was phage amplification in these microbes rather than lysis from without by performing qPCR to confirm DNA replication in each species. Phages typically have narrow host ranges, a benefit for microbiome-sparing compared to antibiotics. However, the broad host ranges of these Gammaproteobacteria jumbo phages suggests that not all phages have the same risk/benefit ratios. While this broad range could aid their development as antibiotic alternatives, further study is needed to assess potential microbiome disruption.

SignificanceWith the growing threat of antibiotic resistant bacteria, alternative treatments like bacteriophages have emerged. Bacteriophages typically have narrow host ranges, a disadvantage compared to antibiotics. We discovered eight jumbo phages that kill antibiotic resistant Enterobacter, but were diverse phylogenetically. Six of them formed nucleus-like structures and were members of the Chimalliviridae family and the other two did not form nucleus-like structures. We confirmed that each phage had broad host ranges capable of lysing at least eight different human Gammaproteobacteria including pathogens such as E. coli, K. aerogenes, and S. marcescens. By identifying broad host range jumbo phages that attack pathogens, we may have identified phages with spectrums of activity more similar to antibiotics than have been traditionally attributed to phages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kanhirun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aindow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antani, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghatbale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nghiem, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guemes, A. G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a large cohort of Enterobacter jumbo phages with broad host ranges across pathogenic Gammaproteobacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extinction vortices are driven more by a shortage of beneficial mutations than by deleterious mutation accumulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Habitat loss contributes to extinction risk in multiple ways. Genetically, small populations can face an "extinction vortex" -- a positive feedback loop between declining fitness and declining population size. Two distinct genetic mechanisms can drive a long-term extinction vortex: i) ineffective selection in small populations allows deleterious mutations to fix, driving "mutational meltdown", and ii) smaller populations generate fewer beneficial mutations essential for long-term adaptation, a mechanism we term "mutational drought". To determine their relative importance, we ask whether, for a population near its critical size for persistence, changes in population size have a larger effect on the beneficial vs. deleterious component of fitness flux. In stable environments, we find that mutational drought is nearly as significant as mutational meltdown. Drought is more important than meltdown when populations must also adapt to a changing environment, unless the beneficial mutation rate is extremely high. Linkage disequilibria from background selection under realistically high deleterious mutation rates modestly increase the importance of mutational drought. Long-term conservation efforts should consider adaptive potential, not just deleterious load.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mawass, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matheson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extinction vortices are driven more by a shortage of beneficial mutations than by deleterious mutation accumulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systemic inflammation and lymphocyte activation precede rheumatoid arthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.25.620344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are preceded by a critical subclinical phase of disease activity. Proactive clinical management is hampered by a lack of biological understanding of this subclinical  at-risk state and the changes underlying disease development. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal multi-omics study of peripheral immunity in the autoantibody-positive at-risk for RA period, we identified systemic inflammation, proinflammatory-skewed B cells, expanded Tfh17-like cells, epigenetic bias in naive T cells, TNF+IL1B+ monocytes resembling a synovial macrophage population, and CD4 T cell transcriptional features resembling those suppressed by abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) in RA patients. Our findings characterize pathogenesis prior to clinical diagnosis and suggest the at-risk state exhibits substantial immune alterations that could potentially be targeted for early intervention to delay or prevent autoimmunity. We provide a suite of tools at https://apps.allenimmunology.org/aifi/insights/ra-progression/ to facilitate exploration and enhance accessibility of this extensive dataset.

One Sentence SummaryACPA+ at-risk individuals show RA-like inflammation and multi-compartment immune dysregulation during transition to clinically active RA
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatesan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feser, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazaro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okada, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachid Zaim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravisankar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dornisch, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arishi, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asamoah, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barzideh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bemis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collora, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Criley, M. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demoruelle, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischer, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genge, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graybuck, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hattel, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heubeck, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawelo, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhn, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaFrance, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lord, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mettey, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musgrove, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.25.620344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systemic inflammation and lymphocyte activation precede rheumatoid arthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Analysis of Progenitors in Viral Infection Implicates Glucocorticoids as Suppressors of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Generation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmacytoid Dendritic cells (pDCs) are the most potent producers of interferons, which are critical antiviral cytokines. pDC development is, however, compromised following a viral infection, and this phenomenon, as well as its relationship to conventional (c)DC development is still incompletely understood. By using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice as a model system, we observed that DC progenitors skewed away from pDC and towards cDC development during in vivo viral infection. Subsequent characterization of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3+ (Flt3+) DC progenitors and follow-up studies revealed increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation in different individual DC-progenitors as well as a profound IFN-I-dependent ablation of pre-pDCs, but not pre-DC precursor, after both acute and chronic LCMV infections. In addition, integrated genomic analysis identified altered activity of 34 transcription factors in Flt3+ DC progenitors from infected mice, including two regulators of Glucocorticoid (GC) responses. Subsequent studies demonstrated that addition of GCs to DC progenitors led to downregulated pDC-primed-genes while upregulating cDC-primed-genes, and that endogenous GCs selectively decreased pDC, but not cDC, numbers upon in-vivo LCMV infection. These findings demonstrate a significant ablation of pre-pDCs in infected mice and identify GCs as suppressors of pDC generation from early progenitors. This provides an explanation for the impaired pDC development following viral infection and links pDC generation to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Significance StatementPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play critical roles in antiviral responses. However, adaptations of DC progenitors lead to compromised pDC generation after viral infection. Here, we characterized the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of DC progenitors after infection. We observed widespread changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility, reflecting shifts in proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation potential into various DC subsets. Notably, we identified alterations in the predicted activity of 34 transcription factors, including two regulators of glucocorticoid responses. Our data demonstrate that glucocorticoids inhibit pDC generation by reprogramming DC progenitors. These findings establish a molecular framework for understanding how DC progenitors adapt to infection and highlight the role of glucocorticoid signaling in this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiale, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marooki, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Analysis of Progenitors in Viral Infection Implicates Glucocorticoids as Suppressors of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Generation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620943v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CYK-4 GAP domain regulates cortical targeting of centralspindlin to promote contractile ring assembly and facilitate ring dissolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620943v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cytokinesis, an equatorial contractile ring partitions the cell contents. Contractile ring assembly requires an equatorial zone of active GTP-bound RhoA generated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT21,2. ECT2 is activated by centralspindlin, a complex composed of two molecules each of kinesin-6 and CYK4. During anaphase, Centralspindlin is activated at the central spindle between the separating chromosomes and diffuses to the plasma membrane, where it engages with ECT2 via its N-terminal half3,4. The C-terminal half of CYK4 contains a lipid-binding C1 domain that contributes to plasma membrane targeting5 and a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain that has an interaction surface for a Rho family GTPase, whose functions have remained unclear 1,3,4,6,7. Here, using the one-cell stage C. elegans embryo as a model, we show that RhoA and the Rho-binding interface of the CYK4 GAP domain drive the recruitment of centralspindlin to the equatorial cortex. By contrast, a point mutant that selectively disrupts GAP activity does not prevent cortical centralspindlin recruitment but instead substantially delays dissipation of centralspindlin from the cortex. These findings suggest that positive feedback, in which centralspindlin recruitment promotes the generation of active RhoA and active RhoA drives centralspindlin recruitment, is central to the rapid assembly of the contractile ring within a narrow time window. They also indicate that the CYK4 GAP catalytic activity contributes to release of centralspindlin from the cortex, potentially to ensure timely dissolution of the contractile ring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schlientz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez-Cavazos, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620943</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CYK-4 GAP domain regulates cortical targeting of centralspindlin to promote contractile ring assembly and facilitate ring dissolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RATS: Unsupervised manifold learning using low-distortion alignment of tangent spaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the ubiquity of high-dimensional datasets in various biological fields, identifying low-dimensional topological manifolds within such datasets may reveal principles connecting latent variables to measurable instances in the world. The reliable discovery of such manifold structure in high-dimensional datasets can prove challenging, however, largely due to the introduction of distortion by leading manifold learning methods. The problem is further exacerbated by the lack of consensus on how to evaluate the quality of the recovered manifolds. Here, we present a novel measure of distortion to evaluate low-dimensional representations obtained using different techniques. We additionally develop a novel bottom-up manifold learning technique called Riemannian Alignment of Tangent Spaces (RATS) that aims to recover low-distortion embeddings of data, including the ability to embed closed manifolds into their intrinsic dimension using a unique tearing process. Compared to previous methods, we show that RATS provides low-distortion embeddings that excel in the visualization and deciphering of latent variables across a range of idealized, biological, and surrogate datasets that mimic real-world data.

One-sentence summaryWe introduce a novel dimensionality reduction technique that generates low-dimensional embeddings while preserving the global structure within the data for a variety of biological and non-biological datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kohli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieuwenhuis, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloninger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narain, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RATS: Unsupervised manifold learning using low-distortion alignment of tangent spaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tenascin-C from the tissue microenvironment promotes muscle stem cell self-renewal through Annexin A2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.29.620732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle tissue self-repair occurs through the finely timed activation of resident muscle stem cells (MuSC). Following perturbation, MuSC exit quiescence, undergo myogenic commitment, and differentiate to regenerate the injured muscle. This process is coordinated by signals present in the tissue microenvironment, however the precise mechanisms by which the microenvironment regulates MuSC activation are still poorly understood. Here, we identified Tenascin-C (TnC), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, as a key player in promoting of MuSC self-renewal and function. We show that fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are the primary cellular source of TnC during muscle repair, and that MuSC sense TnC signaling through cell the surface receptor Annexin A2. We provide in vivo evidence that TnC is required for efficient muscle repair, as mice lacking TnC exhibit a regeneration phenotype of premature aging. We propose that the decline of TnC in physiological aging contributes to inefficient muscle regeneration in aged muscle. Taken together, our results highlight the pivotal role of TnC signaling during muscle repair in healthy and aging skeletal muscle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Loreti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cecchini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamenkovic, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoletti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kervadec-Badillo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarnaccia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayer, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>COLAS, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puri, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sacco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.29.620732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tenascin-C from the tissue microenvironment promotes muscle stem cell self-renewal through Annexin A2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Structural Mechanism for Noncanonical GPCRSignal Transduction in the Hedgehog Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARY PARAGRAPHThe Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is fundamental to embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Hh signals are transduced via an unusual mechanism: upon agonist-induced phosphorylation, the noncanonical G protein-coupled receptor SMOOTHENED (SMO) binds the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-C) and physically blocks its enzymatic activity. By combining computational structural approaches with biochemical and functional studies, we show that SMO mimics strategies prevalent in canonical GPCR and PKA signaling complexes, despite little sequence or secondary structural homology. An intrinsically disordered region of SMO binds the PKA-C active site, resembling the PKA regulatory subunit (PKA-R) / PKA-C holoenzyme, while the SMO transmembrane domain binds a conserved PKA-C interaction hub, similar to other GPCR-effector complexes. In contrast with prevailing GPCR signal transduction models, phosphorylation of SMO promotes intramolecular electrostatic interactions that stabilize key structural elements within the SMO cytoplasmic domain, thereby remodeling it into a PKA-inhibiting conformation. Our work provides a structural mechanism for a central step in the Hh cascade and defines a paradigm for disordered GPCR domains to transmit signals intracellularly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steiner, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iverson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatakrishnan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stepniewski, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaelson, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broeckel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruystens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertinetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arveseth, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spaltenstein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenhain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herberg, F. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunbrack, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Structural Mechanism for Noncanonical GPCRSignal Transduction in the Hedgehog Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
To impute or not to impute in untargeted metabolomics - that is the compositional question 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Untargeted metabolomics often produce large datasets with missing values, arising from biological or technical factors, which can undermine statistical analyses and lead to biased biological interpretations. Imputation methods, such as k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) and Random Forest (RF) regression are commonly used but their effects vary depending on the type of missing data e.g. Missing Completely At Random (MCAR) and Missing Not At Random (MNAR). Here, we determined the impacts of degree and type of missing data on the accuracy of kNN and RF imputation using two datasets: a targeted metabolomic dataset with spiked-in standards and an untargeted metabolomic dataset. We also assessed the effect of compositional data approaches (CoDA), such as the centered log-ratio (CLR) transform, on data interpretation, since these methods are increasingly being used in metabolomics.

Overall, we found that kNN and RF performed more accurately when the proportion of missing data across samples for a metabolic feature was low. However, these imputations could not handle MNAR data and generated wildly inflated values or imputed values where none should exist. Furthermore, we show that the proportion of missing values had a strong impact on the accuracy of imputation which affected the interpretation of the results. Our results suggest extreme caution should be used with imputation even with modestly levels of missing data or when the type of missingness is unknown.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krutkin, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[To impute or not to impute in untargeted metabolomics - that is the compositional question]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.621190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic cleft geometry modulates NMDAR opening probability by tuning neurotransmitter residence time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.30.621190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Synaptic morphology plays a critical role in modulating the dynamics of neurotransmitter diffusion and receptor activation in interneuron communication. In this study, we investigated how variations in synaptic geometry, including curvature of the synaptic cleft, distance between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, and the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cleft, influence glutamate diffusion and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) opening probabilities. We developed a stochastic model for receptor activation using reconstructions from realistic synaptic geometries. Our simulations revealed a substantial variability in NMDAR activation, highlighting the significant impact of synaptic structure on receptor dynamics. By exploring the interplay between curvature and surface area-to-volume ratio, we found that increasing the curvature of the synaptic membranes could compensate for reduced NMDAR activation when the synaptic cleft distance was large. We also found that non-parallel membrane configurations, particularly convex presynapses or concave postsynaptic densities (PSDs), maximize NMDAR activation via increased surface area-to-volume ratio, leading to prolonged glutamate residence and reduced leakage. Finally, introducing NMDAR clustering within the PSD significantly enhanced receptor activation across different geometric conditions and mitigated the effects of synaptic morphology on NMDAR opening probabilities. Our findings underscore the complex interplay between synaptic geometry and receptor dynamics, providing insights into how structural modifications can influence synaptic efficacy and plasticity.

2 Significance statementThis study demonstrates that synaptic morphology profoundly shapes neurotransmitter diffusion and NMDA receptor activation, directly impacting synaptic efficacy. Our model shows that factors like synaptic cleft curvature, membrane spacing, and surface area-to-volume ratio significantly influence receptor dynamics. Given the dynamic nature of dendritic spines, which change shape and size during synaptic plasticity, our findings illustrate how purely morphological changes in cleft structure can modulate interneuronal communication and signal strength.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez Mesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.30.621190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic cleft geometry modulates NMDAR opening probability by tuning neurotransmitter residence time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The microbiome diversifies N-acyl lipid pools - including short-chain fatty acid-derived compounds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-acyl lipids are important mediators of several biological processes including immune function and stress response. To enhance the detection of N-acyl lipids with untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we created a reference spectral library retrieving N-acyl lipid patterns from 2,700 public datasets, identifying 851 N-acyl lipids that were detected 356,542 times. 777 are not documented in lipid structural databases, with 18% of these derived from short-chain fatty acids and found in the digestive tract and other organs. Their levels varied with diet, microbial colonization, and in people living with diabetes. We used the library to link microbial N-acyl lipids, including histamine and polyamine conjugates, to HIV status and cognitive impairment. This resource will enhance the annotation of these compounds in future studies to further the understanding of their roles in health and disease and highlight the value of large-scale untargeted metabolomics data for metabolite discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Faassen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamichhane, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves Nunes, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vittali, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portal Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattynama, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andalibi, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iudicello, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letendre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renwick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meehan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasper, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burcham, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadakia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kn</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The microbiome diversifies N-acyl lipid pools - including short-chain fatty acid-derived compounds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of oropharyngeal cancer recurrence with tumor-intrinsic and immune-mediated sequelae of reduced genomic instability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLimited understanding of the biology predisposing certain human papillomavirus-related (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) to relapse impedes therapeutic personalization. We aimed to identify molecular traits that distinguish recurrence-prone tumors.

Methods50 HPV+ OPSCCs that later recurred (cases) and 50 non-recurrent controls matched for stage, therapy, and smoking history were RNA-sequenced. Groups were compared by gene set enrichment analysis, and select differences were validated by immunohistochemistry. Features discriminating groups were scored in each tumor using gene set variation analysis, and scores were evaluated for recurrence prediction ability.

ResultsCases downregulated pathways linked to anti-tumor immunity (FDR-adjusted p<.05) and contained fewer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p<.001), including cytotoxic T-cells (p=.005). Cases also upregulated pathways related to cell division and other aspects of tumor progression. Upregulated and downregulated pathways were respectively used to define a tumor progression score (TPS) and immune suppression score (ISS) for each tumor. Correlation between TPS and ISS (r=.603, p<.001) was potentially explained by observed upregulation of DNA repair pathways in cases, which might enhance their progression directly and by limiting cytosolic DNA-induced inflammation. Accordingly, cases contained fewer double-strand breaks based on staining for phospho-RPA32 (p=.006) and {gamma}-H2AX (p=.005) and downregulated pro-inflammatory components of the cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway. A combined score derived from TPS and ISS optimized recurrence prediction and stratified survival in a manner generalizable to three external cohorts.

ConclusionsWe provide novel evidence that limiting genomic instability makes tumor-intrinsic and immune-mediated contributions to HPV+ OPSCC recurrence risk, opening opportunities to detect and target this treatment-resistant biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sannigrahi, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghav, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrank, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukens, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirabello, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimunov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimotty, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diab, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jalaly, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of oropharyngeal cancer recurrence with tumor-intrinsic and immune-mediated sequelae of reduced genomic instability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.02.621562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polymorphic tandem repeats shape single-cell gene expression across the immune landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.02.621562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tandem repeats (TRs) - highly polymorphic, repetitive sequences across the human genome - are important regulators of gene expression but remain underexplored due to challenges in accurate genotyping and analysis1. Here, we generate new whole genome and single-cell RNA sequencing from >5.4 million blood-derived cells across 1,925 individuals in two cohorts [Cuomo et al., accompanying manuscript], and perform meta-analysis to characterize the impact of variation in >1.7 million TR loci on immune cell type-specific gene expression. We identify >69,000 single-cell expression TR loci (sc-eTRs), 30.7% of which are specific to one of 28 immune cell types, and reveal dynamic regulatory effects using cell-state inference. Matched single-cell ATAC sequencing profiles from >3.4 million nuclei in 922 individuals [Xue et al., accompanying manuscript]. uncover chromatin accessibility QTLs for nearly one-third of expression-associated TRs, supporting coordinated effects on cis-regulatory architecture. Fine-mapping implicates 1,490 TRs as candidate causal drivers of gene expression in 6.1% of tested genes, and colocalization analyses highlight >200 genes in which TRs likely mediate genetic associations with immune and hematological traits. Together, these results provide a genome-wide, multiomic view of TR-mediated regulation in the human immune system, establishing TRs as key contributors to cell type-specific regulatory variation and complex trait architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tanudisastro, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuomo, A. S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisburd, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spenceley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis, A. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Margoliash, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurtas, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pullin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bobowik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakiris, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swapna Madala, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senabouth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dashnow, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearnley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolzhenko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grieve, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talkowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siggs, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruenschloss, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piscionere, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deveson, I. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hewitt, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figtree, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.02.621562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polymorphic tandem repeats shape single-cell gene expression across the immune landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A PERTURBATION CELL ATLAS OF HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Towards comprehensively investigating the genotype-phenotype relationships governing the human pluripotent stem cell state, we generated an expressed genome-scale CRISPRi Perturbation Cell Atlas in KOLF2.1J human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) mapping transcriptional and fitness phenotypes associated with 11,739 targeted genes. Using the transcriptional phenotypes, we created a minimum distortion embedding map of the pluripotent state, demonstrating rich recapitulation of protein complexes, such as strong co-clustering of MRPL, BAF, SAGA, and Ragulator family members. Additionally, we uncovered transcriptional regulators that are uncoupled from cell fitness, discovering potential novel pluripotency (JOSD1, RNF7) and metabolic factors (ZBTB41). We validated these findings via phenotypic, protein-interaction, and metabolic tracing assays. Finally, we propose a contrastive human-cell engineering framework (CHEF), a machine learning architecture that learns from perturbation cell atlases to predict perturbation recipes that achieve desired transcriptional states. Taken together, our study presents a comprehensive resource for interrogating the regulatory networks governing pluripotency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nourreddine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doctor, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailamy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forget, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chinn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaliq, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polacco, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigaeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obernier, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krogan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.03.621734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A PERTURBATION CELL ATLAS OF HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
F2,6BP restores mitochondrial genome integrity in Huntingtons Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several reports have indicated that impaired mitochondrial function contributes to the development and progression of Huntingtons disease (HD). Mitochondrial genome damage, particularly DNA strand breaks, is a potential cause for its compromised functionality. Here we show that the activity of polynucleotide kinase 3-phosphatase (PNKP), a critical DNA end-processing enzyme, is significantly decreased in the mitochondrial extract of HD patients brains due to a lower level of fructose-2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP), a biosynthetic product of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3). Such decrease in PNKP activity leads to persistent DNA strand breaks that are refractory to subsequent steps for repair completion. Both PFKFB3 and F2,6BP, an allosteric modulator of glycolysis, are also present in the mitochondria and PFKFB3 is part of a mitochondrial DNA repair complex containing HTT, PNKP, DNA Pol {gamma} (POLG) and Lig III. Notably, PNKP binds F2,6BP (Kd= 525{+/-}25 nM) and utilizes it as a cofactor. The levels of both F2,6BP and PFKFB3 are significantly decreased in the mitochondrial extract of HD mouse striatal neuronal cells and patients brain. Activity of PNKP is thus severely decreased in the mitochondrial extract; however, addition of F2,6BP restored its activity. Moreover, supplementation of F2,6BP in HD cells restored PFKFB3 level, mitochondrial genome integrity and partially restored mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial respiration and prevented pathogenic aggregate formation. We also observed that supplementation with F2,6BP restored mitochondrial genome integrity in an HD Drosophila model. Our findings, therefore, suggest that F2,6BP-mediated restoration of PNKP activity could have a profound impact in ameliorating neurodegenerative symptoms in HD.

SignificanceWe reported earlier the loss of PNKP activity in the nuclear extracts from HD patients brain. However, a glycolytic metabolite, F2,6BP, can restore PNKP activity and rescue organismal phenotypes in HD fly models. As PNKP is present in mitochondria and several reports indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to HD, we therefore analyzed PNKP activity in the mitochondrial extract. Surprisingly, we found that PFKFB3 and its product, F2,6BP are present in mitochondria, but significantly low in patients brains. Exogenous addition of F2,6BP restored PNKP activity in patients brain mitochondrial extract. Moreover, supplementing F2,6BP in HD cells and fruit flies restored mitochondrial genome integrity suggesting maintaining adequate intracellular F2,6BP levels is critical for proper functionality of PNKP and thereby of brain health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mankevich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreenivasmurthy, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hazra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[F2,6BP restores mitochondrial genome integrity in Huntingtons Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PgtE protease enables virulent Salmonella to evade C3-mediated serum and neutrophil killing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm), are a leading cause of inflammatory diarrhea in otherwise healthy individuals. Among children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, STm can spread to systemic sites and cause potentially lethal bacteremia. Phagocytic cells and the immune complement system are pivotal to preventing the dissemination of STm. PgtE, an STm outer membrane protease, has been previously described to cleave over a dozen mammalian protein substrates in vitro, including complement protein C3. However, these activities have mostly been observed with mutant, avirulent strains with a truncated O-antigen that renders bacteria sensitive to complement killing. Here, we report that virulent STm utilizes PgtE to evade complement-mediated killing in vivo. The wild-type pathogen increases pgtE expression and PgtE proteolytic function within macrophages and in macrophage-like in vitro growth conditions, concomitant with physiologic O-antigen shortening in these environments. Furthermore, we found that wild-type STms resistance to complement-mediated serum and neutrophil killing is PgtE-dependent. We propose that PgtE promotes the systemic spread of STm by acting as a second line of defense against complement when STm escapes from a macrophage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knodler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamin, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melchior, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argueta, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuccio, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.05.622138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PgtE protease enables virulent Salmonella to evade C3-mediated serum and neutrophil killing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrastructural correlates of circadian structural plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Drosophila, about 250 clock neurons in the brain form a network that orchestrates circadian rhythmicity. Among them, eight small Lateral ventral Neurons (s-LNvs) play a critical role, synchronizing the circadian ensemble via the neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF). Moreover, their neurites show daily variations in morphology, PDF levels, synaptic markers and connectivity. This process, called circadian structural plasticity, is ill-defined at the subcellular level. Here, we present 3D volumes of the s-LNv terminals generated by Serial Block-face Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBEM) at three key time points, two hours before lights-ON, two hours after lights-ON, and two hours after lights-OFF. We report a reduction in the number of neuronal varicosities at night, which reflects (and probably regulates) the cycling of the components we found therein. Indeed, in the morning we observed more presynaptic sites and increased accumulation and release of dense core vesicles. These rhythms were paralleled by periodic changes in mitochondrial structure that suggest daily modulation of their activity. We propose that circadian plasticity of the functionally relevant structures within presynaptic varicosities cyclically modulates the influence of the s-LNvs on the clock network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ispizua, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Caron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tassara, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keun-young, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barzi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpio-Romero, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gargiulo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosato, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la iglesia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceriani, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.622332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrastructural correlates of circadian structural plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competition strategies driving resource partitioning in chitin degrading communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resource competition strongly shapes microbial community dynamics and function. In polysaccharide-degrading communities, primary degraders secrete monomer-releasing enzymes and exploiters consume released products without investing in enzymes. By investigating competitive strategies between chitin degraders and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) exploiters, we uncover several interacting factors, including GlcNAc liberation rates, diffusive loss, and resource partitioning between competitors, which determine community viability and growth dynamics at early stages of degradation. Aside from cases involving antibiotic secretion or aggregation on particles to privatize degrading enzymes, exploiters also inhibit degraders by siphoning away limiting GlcNAc flux during early stages of particle degradation, when degraders must overcome diffusive GlcNAc loss to sustain chitinase production. Analogous to the Allee effect in population biology, these effects lead to sensitive dependences on initial species densities for a community to thrive. This study elucidates how metabolic competition at early stages of particle degradation shapes species interactions, resource partitioning, and ultimately community viability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pontrelli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guessous, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trouillon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauer, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competition strategies driving resource partitioning in chitin degrading communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tardigrade Dsup: Interactions with DNA and protection of cells from oxidative stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.06.622393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The remarkable capability of Tardigrade to survive under extreme conditions has been partially attributed to Dsup, an intrinsically disordered, highly positively charged protein. Dsup has been shown to bind to DNA in vitro, a property that has been associated with the capability of Dsup to exhibit stress-protective effects when expressed in mammalian cells. However, DNA binding of Dsup has not been visualized in living cells and expression of Dsup in different cell types was associated with either protective or detrimental effects. In addition, the effect of Dsup expression has not been clearly demonstrated at the organism level. Here we combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)-Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to interrogate Dsup-DNA interactions and demonstrated Dsup binding to DNA in living mammalian cells. Furthermore, Dsup expression in both HEK293T cells and yeast enhanced cell survival in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that the presence of Dsup allows both mammalian and yeast cells to better cope with oxidative stress conditions. This study provides a better understanding of the property and functional role of Dsup and lays a foundation to explore new approaches to enhance stress resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ni, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhiman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.06.622393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tardigrade Dsup: Interactions with DNA and protection of cells from oxidative stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RBPMS and RBPMS2 Cooperate to Safeguard Cardiac Splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMutations in cardiac splicing factors (SFs) cause cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease, underscoring the critical role of SFs in cardiac development and disease. Cardiac SFs are implicated to cooperatively regulate the splicing of essential cardiac genes, but the functional importance of their collaboration remains unclear. RNA Binding Protein with Multiple Splicing (RBPMS) and RBPMS2 are SFs involved in heart development and exhibit similar splicing regulatory activities in vitro, but it is unknown whether they cooperate to regulate splicing in vivo.

MethodsRbpms and Rbpms2 single or double cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific knockout (KO) mice were generated and analyzed for cardiac phenotypes. RNA sequencing was performed to assess gene expression and splicing changes in single and double KOs. In silico analyses were used to dissect the mechanisms underlying distinct and overlapping roles of RBPMS and RBPMS2 in heart development.

ResultsMice lacking both RBPMS and RBPMS2 in CMs died before embryonic day 13.5 and developed sarcomere disarray, whereas Rbpms or Rbpms2 single CM-specific KO mice had normal sarcomere assembly and survived to adulthood. Defective sarcomere assembly is likely owing to the widespread mis-splicing of genes essential for cardiac contraction in double KO mice, underscoring the overlapping role of RBPMS and RBPMS2 in splicing regulation. Mechanistically, we found RBPMS and RBPMS collectively promote cardiac splicing program while repressing non-cardiac splicing programs. Moreover, RNA splicing maps suggested that the binding location of RBPMS and RBPMS2 on pre-mRNA dictates whether they function as splicing activators or repressors. Lastly, the requirement for RBPMS and/or RBPMS2 for splicing regulation arises from intrinsic features of the target exons.

ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that RBPMS and RBPMS2 work in concert to safeguard the splicing of genes essential for cardiac contraction, highlighting the importance of SF collaboration in maintaining cardiac splicing signature, which should be taken into consideration when devising future therapeutic approaches through modulating the activity of SFs.

Novelty and SignificanceO_ST_ABSWhat Is Known?C_ST_ABSO_LIMutations in cardiac splicing factors (SFs) cause cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease, and the splicing of cardiac genes is regulated by multiple SFs. However, the functional importance of the collaboration among specific cardiac SFs is unknown.
C_LIO_LIRBPMS has emerged as a cardiac SF for sarcomere genes but is not required for sarcomere assembly.
C_LIO_LIRBPMS2 can substitute RBPMS in in vitro splicing assays, yet its role in mammalian cardiomyocytes (CMs) remains unclear.
C_LI

What New Information Does This Article Contribute?O_LIRBPMS and RBPMS2 have both distinct and overlapping roles in CMs.
C_LIO_LIRBPMS and RBPMS2 collectively contribute to the maintenance of cardiac splicing program, which is essential for sarcomere assembly and embryonic survival.
C_LIO_LIRNA splicing map of RBPMS and RBPMS2 reveals that they can function either as splicing activators or repressors, depending on their binding locations on pre-mRNA.
C_LI

This study provides compelling evidence of cooperation between cardiac splicing factors during heart development, which, to our knowledge, has not been demonstrated in vivo. Rbpms and Rbpms2 CM-specific double KO mice die in utero and exhibit sarcomere disarray, whereas single KO mice survive to adulthood with normal sarcomere structure but manifest distinct cardiac phenotypes, suggesting RBPMS and RBPMS2 possess both distinct and overlapping functions in CMs. Although mis-splicing in cardiac genes can be seen in all three KOs, the splicing signature of double KO hearts drastically shifts towards non-cardiac tissues, including more prominent mis-splicing in genes related to cardiac contractile function. Our study further reveals that the splicing regulation of RBPMS and RBPMS2 has the characteristics of "positional effects", i.e., the binding location on pre-mRNA dictates whether they function as splicing activators or repressors; and the intrinsic features of the target exon determine the requirement for one or two RBPMS proteins for splicing regulation. Our study sheds light on the functional importance of cardiac SF cooperation in maintaining cardiac splicing signature during heart development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinenno, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RBPMS and RBPMS2 Cooperate to Safeguard Cardiac Splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.08.622714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.08.622714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neurophysiological mechanisms supporting brain maturation are fundamental to attention and memory capacity across the lifespan. Human brain regions develop at different rates, with many regions developing into the third and fourth decades of life. Here, in this preregistered study (https://osf.io/gsru7), we analyzed intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings from widespread brain regions in a large developmental cohort. Using task-based (i.e., attention to-be-remembered visual stimuli) and task-free (resting-state) data from 101 children and adults (5.93 - 54.00 years, 63 males; n electrodes = 5691), we mapped aperiodic (1/[f]-like) activity, a proxy of neural noise, with steeper slopes indexing less noise and flatter slopes indexing more noise. We reveal that aperiodic slopes flatten with age into young adulthood in both association and sensorimotor cortices, challenging models of early sensorimotor development based on brain structure. In prefrontal cortex (PFC), attentional state modulated age effects, revealing steeper task-based than task-free slopes in adults and the opposite in children, consistent with the development of cognitive control. Age-related differences in task-based slopes also explained age-related gains in memory performance, linking the development of PFC cognitive control to the development of memory. Last, with additional structural imaging measures, we reveal that age-related differences in gray matter volume are similarly associated with aperiodic slopes in association and sensorimotor cortices. Our findings establish developmental trajectories of aperiodic activity in localized brain regions and illuminate the development of PFC control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cross, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dede, A. J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahidi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, E. M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyr, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holubecki, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McManus, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girgis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King-Stephens, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laxer, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuele, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenow, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kam, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raskin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikhouni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roland, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braga, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ofen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.08.622714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The development of aperiodic neural activity in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.09.622759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scLong: A Billion-Parameter Foundation Model for Capturing Long-Range Gene Context in Single-Cell Transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.09.622759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized the study of cellular heterogeneity by providing gene expression data at single-cell resolution, uncovering insights into rare cell populations, cell-cell interactions, and gene regulation. Foundation models pretrained on large-scale scRNA-seq datasets have shown great promise in analyzing such data, but existing approaches are often limited to modeling a small subset of highly expressed genes and lack the integration of external genespecific knowledge. To address these limitations, we present sc-Long, a billion-parameter foundation model pretrained on 48 million cells. sc-Long performs self-attention across the entire set of 28,000 genes in the human genome. This enables the model to capture long-range dependencies between all genes, including lowly expressed ones, which often play critical roles in cellular processes but are typically excluded by existing foundation models. Additionally, sc-Long integrates gene knowledge from the Gene Ontology using a graph convolutional network, enriching its contextual understanding of gene functions and relationships. In extensive evaluations, sc-Long surpasses both stateof-the-art scRNA-seq foundation models and task-specific models across diverse tasks, including predicting transcriptional responses to genetic and chemical perturbations, forecasting cancer drug responses, and inferring gene regulatory networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amariuta, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.09.622759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scLong: A Billion-Parameter Foundation Model for Capturing Long-Range Gene Context in Single-Cell Transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surface remodeling and inversion of cell-matrix interactions underlies community recognition and dispersal in Vibrio cholerae biofilms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biofilms are ubiquitous surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. While it is commonly assumed that biofilm-dwelling cells are glued together by the matrix, how the cell-matrix interaction depends on the specific biochemistry of the matrix components and how this interaction varies during biofilm growth remains unclear. Here, we investigated cell-matrix interactions in Vibrio cholerae (Vc), the causative agent of cholera. We combine genetics, microscopy, simulation, and biochemical tools to show that Vc cells are not attractive to Vibrio polysaccharide (VPS), the main matrix component, but they can be bridged with each other and to the VPS network through crosslinking by Bap1. Downregulation of VPS and surface trimming by the polysaccharide lyase RbmB cause surface remodeling as biofilms age, shifting the nature of cell-matrix interactions from attractive to repulsive and facilitating cell dispersal as aggregated groups. Our results suggest a new conceptual model in understanding the intricate cell-matrix interaction as the major driver for biofilm development, which is potentially generalizable to certain other biofilm-forming species and exopolysaccharides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreau, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinbest, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamora, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weerasekera, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matej, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Brenes, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, J.-S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nadell, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarova, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surface remodeling and inversion of cell-matrix interactions underlies community recognition and dispersal in Vibrio cholerae biofilms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.12.623191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influenza A virus transcription generates capped cRNAs that activate RIG-I 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.12.623191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During influenza A virus (IAV) infection, host pathogen receptor retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) detects the partially complementary, 5'-triphosphorylated ends of the viral genome segments and non-canonical replication products. However, it has also been suggested that innate immune responses may be triggered by viral transcription. In this study, we investigated whether an immunostimulatory RNA is produced during IAV transcription. We show that the IAV RNA polymerase can read though the polyadenylation signal during transcription termination, generating a capped complementary RNA (ccRNA), which contains the 5' cap of an IAV mRNA and the 3' terminus of a cRNA instead of a poly(A) tail. ccRNAs are detectable in vitro and in both ribonucleoprotein reconstitution assays and IAV infections. Mutations that disrupt polyadenylation enhance ccRNA synthesis and increase RIG-I-dependent innate immune activation. Notably, while ccRNA itself is not immunostimulatory, it forms a RIG-I agonist by hybridizing with a complementary negative-sense viral RNA. These findings thus identify a novel non-canonical IAV RNA species and suggest an alternative mechanism for RIG-I activation during IAV infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elshina, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweibenz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotrigiano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>te Velthuis, A. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.12.623191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influenza A virus transcription generates capped cRNAs that activate RIG-I]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lysosomes cell autonomously regulate myeloid cell states and immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myeloid cells maintain tissue homeostasis via the recognition, engulfment, and lysosomal clearance of dying cells and cellular debris, which is often accompanied by changes from homeostatic to reactive states. While a role for phagocytic receptors in gating these transitions has been described1,2, less is known about if and how lysosomes can contribute to transcriptional and functional plasticity. To determine how lysosomal health impacts myeloid cell states, we evaluated microglia and macrophages deficient for progranulin (encoded by Grn), a lysosomal protein with pleiotropic functions whose loss is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases3-8. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of the aged mouse brain identified a Grn knockout (KO)-specific microglial subpopulation marked by high GPNMB expression that displays hallmarks of lysosomal dysfunction, including lipofuscin accumulation. Epigenetic analysis of aged microglia revealed MITF/TFE transcription factors as key mediators of the transcriptional states associated with Grn deficiency. In addition to identifying a core myeloid cell transcriptional response to diverse lysosomal stressors, targeted perturbations of various lysosomal properties in vitro uncovered a cell autonomous, TREM2- independent, response to lysosomal deacidification (via v-ATPase or VPS34 loss of function) that overlaps with Grn KO microglia phenotypes, including the induction of a lysosomal gene program, increased proliferation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Compound loss-of-function approaches established GPNMB upregulation upon lysosomal stress is required for the compensatory response to enhance lysosomal function via promoting acidification. Finally, pharmacological endolysosomal reacidification through sodium/proton exchanger inhibition partially rescued Grn KO microglia phenotypes. Overall, these data establish a fundamental link between lysosomal health and myeloid cell epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional states observed in neurodegeneration models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tejwani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skuja, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatarakis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Melo, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heffner, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dugas, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarrafha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandmann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Paolo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lysosomes cell autonomously regulate myeloid cell states and immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence specificity of an essential nuclear localization sequence in Mcm3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins with nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) are directed into the cell nucleus through interactions between the NLS and importin proteins. NLSs are generally short motifs rich in basic amino acids; however, identifying NLSs can be challenging due to the lack of a universally conserved sequence. In this study, we characterized the sequence specificity of an essential and conserved NLS in Mcm3, a subunit of the replicative DNA helicase. Through mutagenesis and AlphaFold 3 (AF3) modeling, we demonstrate that the precise positioning of basic residues within the NLS is critical for nuclear transport of Mcm3 through optimal interactions with importin. Disrupting these interactions impairs the nuclear import of Mcm3, resulting in defective chromatin loading of MCM and poor cell growth. Our results provide a structure-guided framework for predicting and analyzing monopartite NLSs, which, despite lacking a single consensus sequence, retain key characteristics shared between the NLSs of Mcm3 and the SV40 large T antigen.

Author SummaryTransporting proteins into and out of the cell nucleus is essential for chromosome-associated activities. Nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), short motifs rich in basic amino acids, are commonly found in nuclear proteins. NLSs work by interacting with importin, a key transport receptor responsible for recognizing and guiding NLS-containing proteins through the nuclear pore complex into the nucleus. Other than being rich in basic amino acids, NLSs generally lack a discernible consensus sequence, raising questions about how they specifically control nuclear transport through their interactions with importins. Through a detailed mutagenesis study of a conserved and essential NLS in Mcm3, a subunit of the replicative DNA helicase, we demonstrate that the use of AlphaFold 3 (AF3), alongside genetic, biochemical, and cell biological analyses, define key contacts between Mcm3s NLS and importin that are required for nuclear import of Mcm3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilsborrow, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.14.623588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence specificity of an essential nuclear localization sequence in Mcm3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ecPath detects ecDNA in tumors from histopathology images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) can drive tumor initiation, progression and resistance in some of the most aggressive cancers and is emerging as a promising anti-cancer target. However, detection currently requires costly whole-genome sequencing (WGS) or labor-intensive cytogenetic or FISH imaging, limiting its application in routine clinical diagnosis. To overcome this, we developed ecPath (ecDNA from histopathology), a computational method for predicting ecDNA status from routinely available hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images. ecPath implements a deep-learning method we call transcriptomics-guided learning, which utilizes both transcriptomics and H&E images during the training phase to enable successful ecDNA prediction from H&E images alone, a task not achievable with models trained on H&E images only. It is trained on more than 6,000 tumor whole-slide images from the TCGA cohort with the best performance in predicting ecDNA status in brain and stomach tumors (average AUC=0.78). ecPath revealed that ecDNA-positive tumors are enriched with pleomorphic, larger and high-density nuclei. Testing in an independent cohort, ecPath predicted ecDNA status of 985 pediatric brain tumor patients with an AUC of 0.72. Finally, we applied ecPath to identify ecDNA-positive tumors in the TCGA cohort for which no WGS data were available. Like WGS-based ecDNA-positive labels, the predicted ecDNA-positive status also identify poor prognoses for low grade glioma patients. These results demonstrate that ecPath enables the detection of ecDNA from routinely available H&E imaging alone and help nominate aggressive tumors with ecDNA to study and target it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadav, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmadi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Younis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sridhar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenkre, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhruba, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malicki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ecPath detects ecDNA in tumors from histopathology images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A reconstruction of the mammalian secretory pathway identifies mechanisms regulating antibody production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The secretory pathway processes >30% of mammalian proteins, orchestrating their synthesis, modification, trafficking, and quality control. However, its complexity-- spanning multiple organelles and dependent on coordinated protein interactions--limits our ability to decipher how protein secretion is controlled in biomedical and biotechnological applications. To advance such research, we present secRecon--a comprehensive reconstruction of the mammalian secretory pathway, comprising 1,127 manually curated genes organized within an ontology of 77 secretory process terms, annotated with functional roles, subcellular localization, protein interactions, and complex composition. Using secRecon to integrate multi-omics data, we identified distinct secretory topologies in antibody-producing plasma cells compared to CHO cells. Genes within proteostasis, translocation, and N-glycosylation are deficient in CHO cells, highlighting them as potential engineering targets to boost secretion capacity. Applying secRecon to single-cell transcriptomics and SEC-seq data, we uncovered secretory pathway signatures underlying secretion diversity among IgG-secreting plasma cells. Different transcriptomic clusters had unique secretory phenotypes characterized by variations in the unfolded protein response (UPR), endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), and vesicle trafficking pathways. Additionally, we discovered specific secretory machinery genes as new markers for plasma cell differentiation. These findings demonstrate secRecon can identify mechanisms regulating protein secretion and guide diverse studies in biomedical research and biotechnology.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=73 SRC="FIGDIR/small/623668v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f9f865org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@122db7forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1788a1aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b2b2bd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Giusto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonakoudis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samoudi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gezalyan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Movsessian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.14.623668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A reconstruction of the mammalian secretory pathway identifies mechanisms regulating antibody production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel CRITR-seq approach reveals influenza transcription is modulated by NELF and is a key event precipitating an interferon response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.14.623683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription of interferons upon viral infection is critical for cell-intrinsic innate immunity. This process is influenced by many host and viral factors. To identify host factors that modulate interferon induction within cells infected by influenza A virus, we developed CRISPR with Transcriptional Readout (CRITR-seq). CRITR-seq is a method linking CRISPR guide sequence to activity at a promoter of interest. Employing this method, we find that depletion of the Negative Elongation Factor (NELF) complex increases both flu transcription and interferon expression. We find that the process of flu transcription, both in the presence and absence of viral replication, is a key contributor to interferon induction. Taken together, our findings highlight innate immune ligand concentration as a limiting factor in triggering an interferon response, identify NELF as an important interface with the flu life cycle, and validate CRITR-seq as a tool for genome-wide screens for phenotypes of gene expression.

Significance StatementNearly every cell in the human body has the ability to detect and respond to viral infection by producing interferons. The timing and magnitude of the interferon response impacts the course of disease, and both hosts and viruses have evolved mechanisms to regulate interferon induction within infected cells. It has previously been challenging to comprehensively search for regulators of interferon expression using selection-based screens. Here we developed a CRISPR screening strategy to measure the effects of gene edits on transcription at a promoter of interest. Applying this method to study interferon transcription during influenza infection, we identified an interface between human and influenza transcription machinery that modulates the viral life cycle and influences the interferon response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vicary, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, S. N. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swaminath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.14.623683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel CRITR-seq approach reveals influenza transcription is modulated by NELF and is a key event precipitating an interferon response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.623805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secreted cytokines from inflammatory macrophages modulate sex differences in valvular interstitial cells on hydrogel biomaterials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.623805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) experience fibrosis and/or calcification in valve tissue, which leads to heart failure if left untreated. Inflammation is a hallmark of AVS and secreted cytokines from pro-inflammatory macrophages are thought to contribute to valve fibro-calcification by driving the activation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to myofibroblasts. However, the molecular mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines differentially regulate myofibroblast activation as a function of biological sex are not fully defined. Here, we developed an in vitro hydrogel culture platform to culture male and female valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and characterize the sex-specific effects of inflammatory cytokines on VIC activation to myofibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells. Our data reveal that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) modulates female-specific myofibroblast activation via MAPK/ERK signaling, nuclear chromatin availability, and osteoblast-like differentiation via RUNX2 nuclear localization. Collectively, hydrogel biomaterials as cell culture platforms are critical for distinguishing sex differences in cellular phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Felix Velez, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.15.623805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secreted cytokines from inflammatory macrophages modulate sex differences in valvular interstitial cells on hydrogel biomaterials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detecting interspecific positive selection using convolutional neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional statistical methods using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference can detect positive selection from an interspecific phylogeny and a codon sequence alignment based on model assumptions, but they are prone to false positives due to alignment errors and can lack power. These problems are particularly pronounced when faced with high levels of indels and divergence. Leveraging the feature-detection capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we achieve higher accuracy in detecting selection across a specific range of phylogenetic scenarios and evolutionary modes. This advantage is particularly evident with noisy data prone to misalignments. Our method shows some ability to account for these errors, where most statistical frameworks fail to do so in a tractable manner. We explore generalisability and identify future avenues to achieve broader utility. Once trained, our CNN model is faster at test time, making it a scalable alternative to traditional statistical methods for large-scale, multi-gene analyses. In addition to binary classification (inference of the presence or absence of positive selection during the evolution of the sequences), we use saliency maps to understand what the model learns and observe how this could be leveraged for sitewise inference of positive selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>West, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arasti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasilev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Maio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detecting interspecific positive selection using convolutional neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut Microbiota and Derived Metabolites Mediate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Induced Atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia/hypercapnia (IHC), affects predominantly obese individuals, and increases atherosclerosis risk. Since we and others have implicated gut microbiota and metabolites in atherogenesis, we dissected their contributions to OSA-induced atherosclerosis.

ResultsAtherosclerotic lesions were compared between conventionally-reared specific pathogen free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) ApoE-/- mice following a high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHC), with and without IHC conditions. The fecal microbiota and metabolome were profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) respectively. Phenotypic data showed that HFHC significantly increased atherosclerosis as compared to regular chow (RC) in both aorta and pulmonary artery (PA) of SPF mice. IHC exacerbated lesions in addition to HFHC. Differential abundance analysis of gut microbiota identified an enrichment of Akkermansiaceae and a depletion of Muribaculaceae (formerly S24-7) family members in the HFHC-IHC group. LC-MS/MS showed a dysregulation of bile acid profiles with taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, and 12-ketodeoxycholic acid enriched in the HFHC-IHC group, long-chain N-acyl amides, and phosphatidylcholines. Interestingly, GF ApoE-/- mice markedly reduced atherosclerotic formation relative to SPF ApoE-/- mice in the aorta under HFHC/IHC conditions. In contrast, microbial colonization did not show a significant impact on the atherosclerotic progression in PA.

ConclusionsIn summary, this research demonstrated that (1) IHC acts cooperatively with HFHC to induce atherosclerosis; (2) gut microbiota modulate atherogenesis, induced by HFHC/IHC, in the aorta not in PA; (3) different analytical methods suggest that a specific imbalance between Akkermansiaceae and Muribaculaceae bacterial families mediate OSA-induced atherosclerosis; and (4) derived bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, regulate atherosclerosis in OSA. The knowledge obtained provides novel insights into the potential therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat OSA-induced atherosclerosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allaband, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulsen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meadows, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut Microbiota and Derived Metabolites Mediate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Induced Atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A key role of PIEZO2 mechanosensitive ion channel in adipose sensory innervation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compared to the well-established functions of sympathetic innervation, the role of sensory afferents in adipose tissues remains less understood. Recent work revealed the anatomical and physiological significance of adipose sensory innervation; however, its molecular underpinning remains unclear. Here, using organ-targeted single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified the mechanoreceptor PIEZO2 as one of the most prevalent receptors in fat-innervating dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. We found that selective PIEZO2 deletion in fat-innervating neurons phenocopied the molecular alternations in adipose tissue caused by DRG ablation. Conversely, a gain-of-function PIEZO2 mutant shifted the adipose phenotypes in the opposite direction. These results indicate that PIEZO2 plays a major role in the sensory regulation of adipose tissues. This discovery opens new avenues for exploring mechanosensation in organs not traditionally considered mechanically active, such as the adipose tissues, and therefore sheds light on the broader significance of mechanosensation in regulating organ function and homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heydari-Seradj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonmez, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Servin-Vences, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipomi, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patapoutian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A key role of PIEZO2 mechanosensitive ion channel in adipose sensory innervation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single-cell lineage bias in human and murine hematopoietic stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The commitment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid lineages is influenced by microenvironmental cues, and governed by cell-intrinsic and epigenetic characteristics that are unique to the HSC population. To investigate the nature of lineage commitment bias in human HSC, mitochondrial single cell (sc) ATAC-Sequencing (mt-scATAC-Seq) was used to identify somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA to act as natural genetic barcodes for tracking the ex vivo differentiation potential of HSC to mature cells. Clonal lineages of human CD34+ cells and their mature progeny were normally distributed across the hematopoietic lineage tree without evidence of significant skewing. To investigate commitment bias in vivo, mice were transplanted with limited numbers of long-term HSC (LT-HSC). Variation in the ratio of myeloid and lymphoid cells between donors, although suggestive of a skewed output, was not altered by increasing numbers of LT-HSC. These data suggest that the variation in myeloid and lymphoid engraftment is a stochastic process influenced by the irradiated recipient niche and not a cell-intrinsic lineage bias of LT-HSC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shamie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bliss-Moreau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathieu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single-cell lineage bias in human and murine hematopoietic stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.623968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context-dependent effects of ivermectin residues on dung insects: Interactions with environmental stressors, size, and sex in a sepsid fly (Sepsis neocynipsea) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.623968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insects associated with livestock dung frequently encounter veterinary medication residues. These residues often have negative effects on insect survival, reproduction, and ecosystem functioning and may contribute to the rapid decline in temperate insect populations. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug widely used to treat parasites in livestock. While it has long been recognized that ivermectin effects insect survival, the potential interactive effects between ivermectin exposure and other ecologically relevant abiotic stressors remain poorly understood. Here, we study these effects in the black scavenger fly Sepsis neocynipsea, which depends on cow dung for reproduction. Using a fully factorial design, we test whether the effects of ivermectin exposure on adult survival interact with heat and desiccation stress, and whether these effects depend on size and sex. Ivermectin exposure had strong negative impacts on adult survival, but its effects were stronger in females and large individuals. While heat stress also had a strong effect on adult survival, the combined effects of heat and ivermectin exposure were less severe than the expected additive effects of both stressors applied independently, suggesting some cross-resistance. We did not find an interaction between ivermectin and desiccation stress. Taken together, our findings highlight how the complex interactions between insecticides and abiotic stressors could drive changes in coprophagous insect populations and their ecological functions across different ecosystems and climates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.623968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context-dependent effects of ivermectin residues on dung insects: Interactions with environmental stressors, size, and sex in a sepsid fly (Sepsis neocynipsea)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Protein Language Visualizer: Sequence Similarity Networks for the Era of Language Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe era of modern AI-driven representations of proteins is here, and moving fast, yet tools for their intuitive visualization and exploration lag behind. Sequence Similarity Networks (SSNs) have long filled this role for alignment-based methods, providing simple but widely adopted platforms for grouping proteins by homology. Building on this foundation, we present the Protein Language Visualizer (PLVis), a modular framework that applies existing pre-trained protein language model (pLM) embeddings, dimensionality reduction, and clustering to generate interactive maps of protein relationships. The central contribution is the PLVis Repository, an online resource where thousands of reference proteomes can be compared and annotated through an accessible, interactive interface, much like SSNs became impactful not for their technical novelty but for their broad usability. We first validate that well-separated clusters in PLVis reliably capture homology information, while emphasizing caution when interpreting central "fuzzy" regions. We then illustrate the value of PLVis through case studies spanning individual protein families to full proteome comparisons across Mycobacterium and Plasmodium species. By combining methodological clarity with broad accessibility, the PLVis Repository provides a low-barrier platform for exploring proteomes through the lens of language models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herrera, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M. F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermejo, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jasso, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mead, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veskimägi, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siordia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roethler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Protein Language Visualizer: Sequence Similarity Networks for the Era of Language Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host traits and environmental variation shape gut microbiota diversity in wild threespine stickleback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.624388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDespite the growing recognition of the importance of gut microbiota in host ecology and evolution, our understanding of the relative contributions of host-associated and environmental factors shaping gut microbiota composition within and across wild populations remains limited. Here, we investigate how host morphology, sex, genetic divergence, and environmental characteristics influence the gut microbiota of threespine stickleback fish populations from 20 lakes on Vancouver Island, Canada.

ResultsOur findings reveal substantial variation in gut microbiota composition and diversity among populations, with host traits exerting a stronger influence on bacterial alpha diversity than environmental characteristics. Host morphology, which is indicative of trophic ecology, was linked to gut microbiota divergence among populations, suggesting that dietary specialization may play a role in shaping the stickleback gut microbiota. Within and across populations, we only observed a weakly defined core microbiota and limited sharing of ASVs among hosts, indicating that gut microbiota composition is individualized. Additionally, we detected sex-dependent differences in microbial diversity, opening avenues for future research into the mechanisms driving this variation.

ConclusionsIn sum, our study emphasizes the need to consider both host-associated and environmental factors in shaping gut microbiota dynamics and highlights the complex interplay between host organisms, their associated microbial communities, and the environment in natural settings. Ultimately, these insights enhance our understanding of host-microbiota interactions and their eco-evolutionary implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Härer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurstjens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rennison, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.624388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host traits and environmental variation shape gut microbiota diversity in wild threespine stickleback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient climate changes and relaxed selection shape cave colonisation in North American cavefishes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extreme environments serve as natural laboratories for studying evolutionary processes, with caves offering replicated instances of independent colonisations. The timing, mode, and genetic underpinnings underlying cave-obligate organismal evolution remains enigmatic. We integrate phylogenomics, fossils, paleoclimatic modeling, and newly sequenced genomes to elucidate the evolutionary history and adaptive processes of cave colonisation in the study group, the North American Amblyopsidae fishes. Amblyopsid fishes present a unique system for investigating cave evolution, encompassing surface, facultative cave-dwelling, and cave-obligate (troglomorphic) species. Using 1,105 exon markers and total-evidence dating, we reconstructed a robust phylogeny that supports the nested position of eyed, facultative cave-dwelling species within blind cavefishes. We identified three independent cave colonisations, dated to the Early Miocene (18.5 Mya), Late Miocene (10.0 Mya), and Pliocene (3.0 Mya). Evolutionary model testing supported a climate-relict hypothesis, suggesting that global cooling trends since the Early-Middle Eocene may have influenced cave colonisation. Comparative genomic analyses of 487 candidate genes revealed both relaxed and intensified selection on troglomorphy-related loci. We found more loci under relaxed selection, supporting neutral mutation as a significant mechanism in cave-obligate evolution. Our findings provide empirical support for climate-driven cave colonisation and offer insights into the complex interplay of selective pressures in extreme environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hart, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rincon-Sandoval, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melendez-Vazquez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troyer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bierstein, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gough, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancur-R, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niemiller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient climate changes and relaxed selection shape cave colonisation in North American cavefishes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-associated modulation of TREM1/2- expressing macrophages promotes melanoma progression and metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is a known risk factor for melanoma, yet mechanisms underlying melanoma progression and metastasis in older populations remain largely unexplored. Among the current knowledge gaps is how aging alters phenotypes of cells in the melanoma microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that age enriches the immunosuppressor tumor microenvironment, which is linked to phenotypes associated with melanoma metastasis. Among cellular populations enriched by aging were macrophages with a tolerogenic phenotype expressing TREM2 and dysfunctional CD8-positive cells with an exhausted phenotype, while macrophages with profibrotic phenotype expressing TREM1 were depleted. Notably, TREM1 inhibition decreased melanoma growth in young but not old mice, whereas TREM2 inhibition prevented lung metastasis in aged mice. These data identify novel targets associated with melanoma metastasis and may guide aged-dependent immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scotegagna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bina, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porritt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terskikh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronai, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-associated modulation of TREM1/2- expressing macrophages promotes melanoma progression and metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting eIF4G1-dependent translation in melanoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elevated expression of components of the translation initiation complex (eIF4F) is frequent in cancer and results in enhanced synthesis of oncogenic proteins. Given its essentiality in normal tissues, targeting eIF4F is challenging. Here, combining chemical and in silico screens, we identified a small molecule (M19 and its analog M19-6) that targets the MA3 domain of the eIF4F subunit eIF4G1, interferes with eIF4F assembly and alleviates melanoma resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Ribosome profiling revealed that the M19-6 selectively perturbs the melanoma translatome, limiting synthesis of factors that promote cell proliferation and neoplastic growth. Screens in melanoma models revealed that M19-6 synergizes with autophagy or HDAC inhibitors in cell culture and potentiates anti-neoplastic and anti-metastatic effects of doxorubicin in vivo. Overall, we describe a novel eIF4F complex inhibitor that offers a new therapeutic modality to target clinically challenging melanomas and could provide a molecular basis for combination with currently employed therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radaeva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pass, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergienko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villaneuva, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topisirovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonenberg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkasov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronai, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting eIF4G1-dependent translation in melanoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.623953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic basis for protein conjugation in a diverged bacterial ubiquitination pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.623953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitination is a fundamental and highly conserved protein post-translational modification pathway, in which ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) is typically conjugated to a lysine side chain of a target protein. Ubiquitination is a multistep process initiated by adenylation of the Ubl C-terminus, followed by sequential formation of 2-3 Ubl[~]cysteine thioester intermediates with E1, E2, and E3 proteins before formation of the final Ubl-lysine isopeptide bond1. Ubiquitination is conserved across eukaryotes, and recent work has also revealed at least two related bacterial pathways that perform protein conjugation in the context of antiphage immunity2-5. Bioinformatics analysis has hinted at the existence of additional, as-yet uncharacterized, pathways in bacteria that could perform protein conjugation using ubiquitination-like machinery6-8. Here we describe the architecture and biochemical mechanisms of Bub (bacterial ubiquitination-like) pathways, revealing strong structural parallels along with striking mechanistic differences when compared to eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways. We show that Bub operons encode functional E1, E2, and Ubl proteins that are related to their eukaryotic counterparts but function entirely through oxyester, rather than thioester, intermediates. We also identify a novel family of serine proteases in Bub operons with a conserved serine-histidine catalytic dyad. The genomic context of Bub operons suggests that, like other bacterial ubiquitination-related pathways, they also function in antiphage immunity. Overall, our results reveal a new family of bacterial ubiquitination-related pathways with unprecedented biochemical mechanisms in both protein conjugation and deconjugation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.623953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic basis for protein conjugation in a diverged bacterial ubiquitination pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.623966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural diversity and oligomerization of bacterial ubiquitin-like proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.623966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria possess a variety of operons with homology to eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways that encode predicted E1, E2, E3, deubiquitinase, and ubiquitin-like proteins. Some of these pathways have recently been shown to function in anti-bacteriophage immunity, but the biological functions of others remain unknown. Here, we show that ubiquitin-like proteins in two bacterial operon families show surprising architectural diversity, possessing one to three {beta}-grasp domains preceded by diverse N-terminal domains. We find that a large group of bacterial ubiquitin-like proteins possess three {beta}-grasp domains and form homodimers and helical filaments mediated by conserved Ca2+ ion binding sites. Our findings highlight a distinctive mode of self-assembly for ubiquitin-like proteins, and suggest that Ca2+-mediated ubiquitin-like protein filament assembly and/or disassembly enables cells to sense and respond to stress conditions that alter intracellular metal ion concentration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bobkov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakawa, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matyszewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.623966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural diversity and oligomerization of bacterial ubiquitin-like proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624571v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diminished gap junction coupling under diabetogenic conditions does not drive loss of functional β-cell sub-populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624571v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Within the islets of Langerhans, gap junction coupling is important for synchronizing oscillatory free-calcium activity ([Ca2+]) and regulating pulsatile insulin release. In islets from multiple models of diabetes, gap junction coupling is disrupted, and [Ca2+] synchronization and pulsatile insulin is lost. Functional sub-populations have been identified within the islet that are linked to driving synchronized [Ca2+] and insulin release. These sub-populations can be disrupted under conditions associated with diabetes such as glucolipotoxicity and inflammatory environments, and their loss may drive islet dysfunction. Here we investigated how loss of gap junction coupling influences functional subpopulations under diabetogenic environments. We treated islets with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and protected gap junction coupling via co-treatment with a Cx36 peptide S293 that was previously shown to specifically prevent a decline in gap junction permeability and synchronized [Ca2+] dynamics. We performed calcium imaging and ChR2 stimulation, analyzed islet [Ca2+] dynamics and the presence of functional sub-populations including hubs and first-responders. 1h or 24h cytokine-treatment disrupted gap junction coupling, which was fully prevented by S293 peptide co-treatment. Treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased the recruitment of [Ca2+] upon ChR2 stimulation, increased the time between first and last responding cells upon glucose stimulation, and reduced the number and consistency of hub cells. When preserving gap junction coupling by S293 during cytokine treatment, the presence and consistency of these sub-populations was only marginally improved. We therefore concluded that while gap junction coupling is important for functional sub-populations to exert their influence on islet function, restoration of gap junctions alone is not sufficient to recover functional sub-populations upon diabetogenic conditions. Thus, preventing a disruption to intrinsic {beta}-cell properties that define functional subpopulations is likely important for preserving these sub-populations during diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levitt, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benninger, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624571</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diminished gap junction coupling under diabetogenic conditions does not drive loss of functional β-cell sub-populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome allocation of the microbiome reveals how diet and metabolic dysbiosis impact disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health, spurring extensive research into host-microbe interactions using multi-omic technologies. Although these tools offer valuable insights, they often fall short in capturing the complexity of microbial interactions and assigning causality to disease onset, progression, and treatment. Proteome allocation is intertwined with microbial interactions, yet there is little mechanistic knowledge. Here, we deploy models of metabolism and gene expression (ME-models) that predict proteome allocation. Despite their potential, their deployment has been limited by the laborious reconstruction process. To address this, we reconstructed 495 ME-models for human gut microbes using an automated pipeline. By integrating ME-models with multi-omics data from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we identified taxa responsible for variations in amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and pH in the gut of IBD patients. Thus, this approach provides a mechanistic understanding and paves the way for new intervention strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tibocha-Bonilla, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santibanez-Palominos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.624724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome allocation of the microbiome reveals how diet and metabolic dysbiosis impact disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmentally-regulated proteolysis by MdfA and ClpCP mediates metabolic differentiation during Bacillus subtilis sporulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacillus subtilis sporulation entails a dramatic transformation of the two cells required to assemble a dormant spore, with the larger mother cell engulfing the smaller forespore to produce the cell-within-a-cell structure that is a hallmark of endospore formation. Sporulation also entails metabolic differentiation, whereby key metabolic enzymes are depleted from the forespore but maintained in the mother cell. This reduces the metabolic potential of the forespore, which becomes dependent on mother-cell metabolism and the SpoIIQ-SpoIIIA channel to obtain metabolic building blocks necessary for development. We demonstrate that metabolic differentiation depends on the ClpCP protease and a forespore-produced protein encoded by the yjbA gene, which we have renamed MdfA (metabolic differentiation factor A). MdfA is conserved in aerobic endospore-formers and required for spore resistance to hypochlorite. Using mass spectrometry and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we show that MdfA mediates the depletion of dozens of metabolic enzymes and key transcription factors from the forespore. An accompanying study by Massoni, Evans and collaborators demonstrates that MdfA is a ClpC adaptor protein that directly interacts with and stimulates ClpCP activity. Together, these results document a developmentally-regulated proteolytic pathway that reshapes forespore metabolism, reinforces differentiation, and is required to produce spores resistant to the oxidant hypochlorite.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riley, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyda, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes-Matte, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasu, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enustun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravishankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaacson, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrido, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmentally-regulated proteolysis by MdfA and ClpCP mediates metabolic differentiation during Bacillus subtilis sporulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) enhances motor cortex excitability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the motor cortex has revolutionized the study of motor physiology in humans. Despite this, TMS-evoked electrophysiological responses show significant variability, due in part to inconsistencies between TMS pulse timing and ongoing brain oscillations. Variable responses to TMS limit mechanistic insights and clinical efficacy, necessitating the development of methods to precisely coordinate the timing of TMS pulses to the phase of relevant oscillatory activity. We introduce Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS), a novel approach that uses musical rhythms to synchronize brain oscillations and time TMS pulses to enhance cortical excitability. Focusing on the sensorimotor alpha rhythm, a neural oscillation associated with motor cortical inhibition, we examine whether rhythm-evoked sensorimotor alpha phase alignment affects primary motor cortical (M1) excitability in healthy young adults (n=33). We first confirmed using electroencephalography (EEG) that passive listening to musical rhythms desynchronizes inhibitory sensorimotor brain rhythms (mu oscillations) around 200 ms before auditory rhythmic events (27 participants). We then targeted this optimal time window by delivering single TMS pulses over M1 200 ms before rhythmic auditory events while recording motor-evoked potentials (MEPs; 19 participants), which resulted in significantly larger MEPs compared to standard single pulse TMS and an auditory control condition. Neither EEG measures during passive listening nor seTMS-induced MEP enhancement showed dependence on musical experience or training. These findings demonstrate that seTMS effectively enhances corticomotor excitability and establishes a practical, cost-effective method for optimizing non-invasive brain stimulation outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ross, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogulski, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cline, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmigiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartford, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujioka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual-Leone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) enhances motor cortex excitability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.624041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stage-specific CAR-mediated signaling generates naive-like, TCR-null CAR T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.624041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically modified, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising allogeneic source for the generation of functionally enhanced, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. However, the signaling of CARs during early T cell development and the removal of the endogenous T cell receptor required to prevent alloreactivity pose significant challenges to the production of mature conventional CAR T cells from iPSCs. Here, we show that TCR-null, CD8{beta} CAR T cells can be efficiently generated from iPSCs by engineering stage-specific onset of CAR expression and signaling to both permit conventional T cell development and to induce efficient positive selection. CAR T cells produced using this approach displayed a uniform, naive T cell phenotype and demonstrated superior antigen-specific cytotoxicity compared to iPSC-derived effector memory CAR T cells. Multimodal sequencing revealed CAR-mediated positive selection induced the persistent upregulation of key transcription factors involved in naive T cell development. Achieving precise control of CAR expression and signaling in developmentally sensitive T precursors will be critical to realizing the full potential for "off-the-shelf", iPSC-derived cellular therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engstrom, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathrop, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagosh, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seet, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crooks, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.25.624041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stage-specific CAR-mediated signaling generates naive-like, TCR-null CAR T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BPMs regulate Arabidopsis seedling development by promoting auxin-independent degradation of the Aux/IAA protein IAA10 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
After germination, seedlings undergo etiolated development (skotomorphogenesis), enabling them to grow towards the soil surface. In Arabidopsis, etiolated seedlings exhibit rapid hypocotyl elongation, apical hook formation and closed cotyledons to protect the meristem. In this study, we found that high-order mutants in the BPM gene family displayed defects in seedling development, characterized by a shorter hypocotyl, early apical hook opening, and opened cotyledons in the dark. BPM1, BPM2, BPM4, and BPM5 exhibit distinct expression patterns and subcellular localization in etiolated seedlings. In a hypocotyl segment assay the bpm mutants showed defects in auxin response indicating impaired auxin signaling in the hypocotyl. Expression of the auxin reporter DR5:GFP was also altered in the bpm1,4,5 mutant in various tissues compared to the wild type. Furthermore, we showed that BPM1 and IAA10 interact in yeast two-hybrid, BiFC, and Co-IP assays. Experiments in protoplasts indicated that BPM1 promotes ubiquitylation and degradation of IAA10, and the level of IAA10 protein is greater in the bpm1,4,5 mutant. In addition, IAA10 over-expression resulted in phenotypes similar to the bpm mutants. These results indicate that the BPMs target the Aux/IAA proteins for ubiquitylation and degradation. Overall, our findings shed light on the key roles of the BPMs in auxin signaling during seedling development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ban, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karadanaian, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BPMs regulate Arabidopsis seedling development by promoting auxin-independent degradation of the Aux/IAA protein IAA10]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycocalyx-induced formation of membrane tubes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tubular membrane structures are ubiquitous in cells and in the membranes of intracellular organelles such as the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Tubulation plays essential roles in numerous biological processes, including filopodia growth, trafficking, ion transport, and cellular motility. Understanding the fundamental mechanism of the formation of membrane tubes is thus an important problem in the fields of biology and biophysics. Though extensive studies have shown that tubes can be formed due to localized forces acting on the membrane or by the curvature induced by membrane-bound proteins, little is known about how membrane tubes are induced by glycocalyx, a sugar-rich layer at the cell surface. In this work, we develop a biophysical model that combines polymer physics theory and the Canham-Helfrich membrane theory to investigate how the glycocalyx generates cylindrical tubular protrusions on the cell membrane. Our results show that the glycocalyx alone can induce the formation of tubular membrane structures. This tube formation involves a first-order shape transition without any externally applied force or other curvature-inducing mechanisms. We also find that critical values of glycocalyx grafting density and glycopolymer length are needed to induce the formation of tubular structures. The presence of vertical actin force, line tension, and spontaneous curvature reduces the critical grafting density and length of polymer that triggers the formation of membrane tube, which suggests that the glycocalyx makes tube formation energetically more favorable when combined with an actin force, line tension, and spontaneous curvature.

Significance StatementIn many cells, the existence of glycocalyx, a thick layer of polymer meshwork comprising proteins and complex sugar chains coating the outside of the cell membrane, regulates the formation of membrane tubes. Here, we propose a theoretical model that combines polymer physics theory and the Canham-Helfrich membrane theory to study the formation of cylindrical tubular protrusions induced by the glycocalyx. Our findings indicate that glycocalyx plays an important role in the formation of membrane tubes. We find that there exists critical grafting density and length of polymer that triggers the formation of membrane tubes, and the glycocalyx-induced tube formation is facilitated when combined with actin forces, line tension, and spontaneous curvature. Our theoretical model has implications for understanding how biological membranes may form tubular structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.27.625577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycocalyx-induced formation of membrane tubes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.01.626131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative Spatial Analysis of Chromatin Biomolecular Condensates using Cryo-Electron Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.01.626131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phase separation is an important mechanism to generate certain biomolecular condensates and organize the cell interior. Condensate formation and function remain incompletely understood due to difficulties in visualizing the condensate interior at high resolution. Here we analyzed the structure of biochemically reconstituted chromatin condensates through cryo-electron tomography. We found that traditional blotting methods of sample preparation were inadequate, and high-pressure freezing plus focused ion beam milling was essential to maintain condensate integrity. To identify densely packed molecules within the condensate, we integrated deep learning-based segmentation with novel context-aware template matching. Our approaches were developed on chromatin condensates, and were also effective on condensed regions of in situ native chromatin. Using these methods, we determined the average structure of nucleosomes to 6.1 and 12 [A] resolution in reconstituted and native systems, respectively, and found that nucleosomes form heterogeneous interaction networks in both cases. Our methods should be applicable to diverse biochemically reconstituted biomolecular condensates and to some condensates in cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiozaki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doolittle, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riggi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.01.626131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative Spatial Analysis of Chromatin Biomolecular Condensates using Cryo-Electron Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.626468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How much is 'enough'? Considerations for functional connectivity reliability in pediatric naturalistic fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.02.626468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
functional connectivity (FC) measurements are important for robust and reproducible findings, yet pediatric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) faces unique challenges due to head motion and bias toward shorter scans. Passive viewing conditions during fMRI offer advantages for scanning pediatric populations, but FC reliability under these conditions remains underexplored. Here, we used precision fMRI data collected across three passive viewing conditions to directly compare FC reliability profiles between 25 pre-adolescent children and 25 adults, with each participant providing over 2.8 hours of data over four sessions. We found that FC test-retest correlations increased asymptotically with scan length, with children requiring nearly twice the post-censored scan time (24.6 minutes) compared to adults (14.4 minutes) to achieve comparable reliability, and that this effect was only partly attributable to head motion. Reliability differences between lower-motion adults and higher-motion children were spatially non-uniform and largest in ventral anterior temporal and frontal regions. While averaging features within functional networks improved intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) reliability, values for higher-motion children remained in the poor-to-fair ICC range even with 48 minutes of total scan time. Viewing conditions with greater engagement reduced head motion in children but had lower FC reliability compared to less engaging  low-demand videos, suggesting complex state- or condition-related trade-offs. These findings have important implications for developmental neuroimaging study design, particularly for higher motion pediatric populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rai, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godfrey, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tansey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrikh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demeter, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderwal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bray, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.02.626468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How much is 'enough'? Considerations for functional connectivity reliability in pediatric naturalistic fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of chromogranin A and catestatin affect pancreatic islet homeostasis, endocrine function, and neurotransmitters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromogranin A (CgA), a neuroendocrine pro-hormone, undergoes proteolytic cleavage to yield bioactive peptides, notably catestatin (CST) and pancreastatin (PST), which exert opposing effects on metabolic and inflammatory processes. Using CgA and CST knockout (KO) mice, this study investigated their roles in pancreatic endocrine function, morphology, neurotransmitter dynamics, and systemic glucose homeostasis. CST deficiency induced insulin resistance, altered islet architecture, and heightened catecholamine levels, whereas CgA-KO mice lacking both CST and PST exhibited improved insulin sensitivity due to absence of PST. CST suppressed gluconeogenesis and enhanced glucagon regulation, while PST promoted insulin resistance and glucose production. Spatial mass spectrometry revealed altered neurotransmitter and polyamine profiles in pancreatic islets, implicating disrupted nerve-immune-islet interactions. CSTs modulation of catecholaminergic and inflammatory pathways positions it as a key regulator in the neuro-immune-endocrine axis. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting CgA-derived peptides, especially CST, for managing diabetes and metabolic-inflammatory diseases through precise peptide-based interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muntjewerff, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Epremidze, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nezhyva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bootsma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannaa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikebuchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christoffersson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.29.626063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of chromogranin A and catestatin affect pancreatic islet homeostasis, endocrine function, and neurotransmitters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.625709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macropinocytosis controls metabolic stress-driven CAF subtype identity in pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.625709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors are deficient in glutamine, an amino acid that tumor cells and CAFs use to sustain their fitness. In PDAC, both cell types stimulate macropinocytosis as an adaptive response to glutamine depletion. CAFs play a critical role in sculpting the tumor microenvironment, yet how adaptations to metabolic stress impact the stromal architecture remains elusive. In this study, we find that macropinocytosis functions to control CAF subtype identity when glutamine is limiting. Our data demonstrate that metabolic stress leads to an intrinsic inflammatory CAF (iCAF) program driven by MEK/ERK signaling. Utilizing in vivo models, we find that blocking macropinocytosis alters CAF subtypes and reorganizes the tumor stroma. Importantly, these changes in stromal architecture can be exploited to sensitize PDAC to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Our findings demonstrate that metabolic stress plays a role in shaping the tumor microenvironment, and that this attribute can be harnessed for therapeutic impact.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=173 SRC="FIGDIR/small/625709v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hope, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galapate, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong-Polk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Commisso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.29.625709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macropinocytosis controls metabolic stress-driven CAF subtype identity in pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.30.626165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Control of Argonautes by a Rapidly Evolving Immunological Switch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.30.626165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small RNAs, coupled with Argonuate proteins (AGOs), regulate diverse biological processes, including immunity against nucleic acid parasites. C. elegans possesses an expanded repertoire of at least 19 AGOs functioning in an intricate gene regulatory network. Despite their crucial roles, little is known about the regulation of AGOs, and whether their expression levels, tissue specificity, and functions change in response to genetic perturbations or environmental triggers. Here, we report that PALS-22, a member of an unusually expanded protein family in C. elegans, acts as a negative regulator of antiviral RNAi involving the RIG-I homolog. The loss of pals-22 leads to enhanced silencing of transgenes and endogenous dsRNAs. We found that PALS-22 normally suppresses the expression of two AGOs, VSRA-1 and SAGO-2, which are activated by bZIP transcription factor ZIP-1. When pals-22 is eliminated, vsra-1 and sago-2 are upregulated. These AGOs in turn play key roles in defense against foreign genetic elements and intracellular pathogens, respectively. Surprisingly, while in pals-22 mutants immune genes functioning in the intracellular pathogen response (IPR) are upregulated, removing SAGO-2 or the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RRF-3 in these mutants leads to the downregulation of these genes. This observation contrasts with the typical gene-silencing role of siRNAs. Finally, by analyzing C. elegans wild isolates and lab reference strains, we demonstrate that PALS-22 regulates the expression of several germline AGOs, affecting germline mortality and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. In summary, PALS-22 is a key genetic node that balances the trade-off between immunity and germline health by modulating the functions of different AGOs, thereby shaping the outputs of the RNAi machinery and the dynamics of epigenetic inheritance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ewe, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teichman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knott, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingold, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardan Sarmiento, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rechavi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.30.626165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Control of Argonautes by a Rapidly Evolving Immunological Switch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of RhoA-mediated secretory autophagy in megakaryocytes mitigates myelofibrosis in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are large, polyploid cells that contribute to bone marrow homeostasis through the secretion of cytokines such as transforming growth factor {beta}1 (TGF{beta}1). During neoplastic transformation, immature MKs accumulate in the bone marrow where they induce fibrotic remodeling ultimately resulting in myelofibrosis. Current treatment strategies aim to prevent MK hyperproliferation, however, little is understood about the potential of targeting dysregulated cytokine secretion from neoplastic MKs as a novel therapeutic avenue. Unconventional secretion of TGF{beta}1 as well as interleukin 1{beta} (IL1{beta}) via secretory autophagy occurs in cells other than MKs, which prompted us to investigate whether similar mechanisms are utilized by MKs. Here, we identified that TGF{beta}1 strongly co-localized with the autophagy marker light chain 3B in native MKs. Disrupting secretory autophagy by inhibiting the small GTPase RhoA or its downstream effector Rho kinase (ROCK) markedly reduced TGF{beta}1 and IL1{beta} secretion in vitro. In vivo, conditional deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg5 from the hematopoietic system limited megakaryocytosis and aberrant cytokine secretion in an MPLW515L-driven transplant model. Similarly, mice with a selective deletion of Rhoa from the MK and platelet lineage were protected from progressive fibrosis. Finally, disease hallmarks in MPLW515L-transplanted mice were attenuated upon treatment with the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine or the ROCK inhibitor Y27632, either as monotherapy or in combination with the JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Overall, our data indicate that aberrant cytokine secretion is dependent on secretory autophagy downstream of RhoA, targeting of which represents a novel therapeutic avenue in the treatment of myelofibrosis.

One Sentence SummaryTGF{beta}1 is released from megakaryocytes via RhoA-mediated secretory autophagy, and targeting this process can alleviate fibrosis progression in a preclinical mouse model of myelofibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Becker, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrachina, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chua, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machlus, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteheart, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roweth, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Italiano, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of RhoA-mediated secretory autophagy in megakaryocytes mitigates myelofibrosis in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental Phage Evolution Results in Expanded Host Ranges Against MDR and XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.05.627030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance to antibiotics is approaching crisis levels for organisms such as the ESKAPEE pathogens (includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Escherichia coli) that often are acquired in hospitals. These organisms sometimes have acquired plasmids that confer resistance to most if not all beta-lactam antibiotics such as those produced by Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (CREs). We have been developing alternative means for dealing with antibiotic resistant microbes that cause infections in humans by developing viruses (bacteriophages) that attack and kill them. We have been working with one of the ESKAPEE pathogens, K. pneumoniae, that has one of the highest propensities for antimicrobial resistance, to develop phages that target and kill it. We identified a number of phages that have lytic capacity against only a few clinical isolates, and through experimental evolution over the course of 30 days, were able to vastly expand the host ranges of these phages to kill a broader range of clinical K. pneumoniae isolates including MDR (multi-drug resistant) and XDR (extensively-drug resistant) isolates. Most interestingly, they were capable of inhibiting growth of clinical isolates both on solid and in liquid medium over extended periods. That we were able to extend the host ranges of multiple naive MDR and XDR K. pneumoniae through experimental phage evolution suggests that such a technique may be applicable to other antibiotic-resistant organisms to help stem the tide of antibiotic resistance and offer further options for medical treatments.

ImportanceBacterial pathogens are becoming greater threats given the rise in antibiotic resistance, where traditional therapies may no longer work to cure some infections. Chief amongst these multidrug resistant infections (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant infections (XDR) is Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is known to sometimes harbor genetic elements that render it incredibly difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. Treatments like bacteriophages have not had much success against such pathogens because resistance to the phages used often develops rapidly. We adapted a co-evolutionary technique to develop K. pneumoniae phages to be highly active longitudinally against K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. In as few as 30 days, we were able to vastly expand the host ranges of K. pneumoniae phages against MDR and XDR clinical isolates and that maintain their infectivity over clinically relevant time periods. By adapting these established techniques to clinical MDR and XDR K. pneumoniae isolates, we believe we can establish similar techniques for expanding phage host ranges against most antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As such, phages can be viable alternatives to antibiotics when antibiotic resistance exists in hospitals and communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghatbale, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bates, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunes, D. D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hitchcock, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardaro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobian-Guemes, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.05.627030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental Phage Evolution Results in Expanded Host Ranges Against MDR and XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMO Inhibition Plus CD40 Agonism Increases Anti-Tumor Immunogenicity Through Interferon Mediated Macrophage Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance to immunotherapy is a cardinal feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Inhibition of Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO), a post-translational modification with important immune regulatory functions, augments responsiveness to immunotherapy in non-PDAC models via pro-immunogenic effects on myeloid cells, cancer cells, and T-cells. Recently, it has been reported that SUMO inhibition has direct immunogenic effects on PDAC. Here, we report that the novel combination of SUMO inhibition with a small molecule, TAK-981, plus antibody-mediated CD40 agonism improves survival in an aggressive orthotopic mouse model of PDAC by enhancing anti-tumoral immunogenicity. This combination amplifies CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration and induces significant changes among macrophages. TAK-981 also leads to enhanced cancer specific MHC-I expression both in vitro and in vivo by augmenting interferon signaling. We show that the improvement in survival is mediated by macrophages. Our findings show that SUMO inhibition complements CD40 agonism to enhance immune activity in PDAC via interferon signaling, improving survival in an aggressive pre-clinical model of PDAC and translating previous findings to a characteristically immunosuppressive and highly aggressive solid malignancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Mendoza, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martsinkovskiy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mose, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharuka, M. D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiriac, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMO Inhibition Plus CD40 Agonism Increases Anti-Tumor Immunogenicity Through Interferon Mediated Macrophage Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of basal CXCR4 oligomers impairs oncogenic properties in lymphoid neoplasms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.06.627249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is overexpressed in many cancers and contributes to pathogenesis, disease progression, and resistance to therapies. CXCR4 is known to form oligomers, but the potential functional relevance in malignancies remain elusive. Using a newly established nanobody-based BRET method, we demonstrate that oligomerization of endogenous CXCR4 on lymphoid cancer cell lines correlates with enhanced expression levels. Specific disruption of CXCR4 oligomers reduced basal cell migration and pro-survival signaling via changes in the phosphoproteome, indicating the existence of basal CXCR4-oligomer-mediated signaling. Oligomer disruption also inhibited growth of primary CLL 3D spheroids and sensitized primary malignant cells to clinically used Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Given its limited efficacy in some patients and the ability to develop resistance, sensitizing malignant B-cells to venetoclax is of clinical relevance. Taken together, we established a new, non-canonical and critical role for CXCR4 oligomers in lymphoid neoplasms and demonstrated that selective targeting thereof has clinical potential.

Significance statementClass A GPCRs, including the chemokine receptor CXCR4, can form oligomers, but their functional relevance remains poorly understood. This study provides evidence for the role of basal CXCR4 oligomers in lymphoid neoplasms, where they drive pro-survival signaling, migration, and tumor growth. We use a novel nanobody-based BRET method to demonstrate that endogenous CXCR4 constitutively oligomerizes in lymphoid cancer cells, correlating with receptor expression levels. Pharmacological disruption of these oligomers reduces tumor- associated signaling, impairs spheroid growth, and sensitizes patient-derived malignant cells to the apoptosis-inducing drug Venetoclax. Since CXCR4 is frequently overexpressed and potentially clustered in various malignancies, this work offers broader implications for enhancing treatment efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, and potentially reducing side effects across multiple cancer types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mobach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergkamp, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haselager, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anbuhl, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurriens, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crudden, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roos, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Almeria, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boergonje, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohse, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldering, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siderius, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spaargaren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonino, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kater, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smit, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heukers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.06.627249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of basal CXCR4 oligomers impairs oncogenic properties in lymphoid neoplasms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.08.627411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orchestration of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp4 and host-cell ESCRT proteins induces morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.08.627411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon entry into the host cell, the non-structural proteins 3, 4, and 6 (Nsp3, Nsp 4, and Nsp6) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) facilitate the formation of double- membrane vesicles (DMVs) through extensive rearrangement of the host cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to replicate the viral genome and translate viral proteins. To dissect the functional roles of each Nsp and the molecular mechanisms underlying the ER changes, we exploited both yeast S. cerevisiae and human cell experimental systems. Our results demonstrate that Nsp4 alone is sufficient to induce ER structural changes. Nsp4 expression led to robust activation of both the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the ER surveillance (ERSU) cell cycle checkpoint, resulting in cortical ER inheritance block and septin ring mislocalization. Interestingly, these ER morphological changes occurred independently of the canonical UPR and ERSU components but were mediated by the endosomal sorting complex for transport (ESCRT) proteins Vps4 and Vps24 in yeast. Similarly, ER structural changes occurred in human cells upon Nsp4 expression, providing a basis for a minimal experimental system for testing the involvement of human ESCRT proteins and ultimately advancing our understanding of DMV formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kifer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pina, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codallos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziegler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niwa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.08.627411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orchestration of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp4 and host-cell ESCRT proteins induces morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.08.627066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of Transcriptional Activation by Corticosteroids of Human MR (Ile-180) and Human MR Haplotype (Ile180Val) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.08.627066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) regulates electrolyte homeostasis through aldosterone activation of the kidney MR, the MR also is highly expressed in the brain, where the MR is activated by cortisol. Here, we report the half-maximal response (EC50) and fold-activation by cortisol, aldosterone and other corticosteroids of human MR rs5522, a haplotype containing valine at codon 180 instead of isoleucine found in wild-type MR (Ile-180). MR rs5522 (Val-180) has been studied for actions in the human brain involving coping with stress and depression. We compared the EC50 and fold-activation by corticosteroids of MR rs5522 and wild-type MR transfected into HEK293 cells with either the TAT3 promoter or the MMTV promoter. Parallel studies investigated the binding of MR antagonists, spironolactone and progesterone, to MR rs5522 to investigate their use as antagonists of MR rs5522. In HEK293 cells with the MMTV promoter, MR rs5522 had a slightly higher EC50 compared to wild-type MR and a similar fold-activation for all corticosteroids. In contrast, in HEK293 cells with the TAT3 promoter, MR rs5522 had a higher EC50 (lower affinity) and fold-activation for cortisol compared to wild-type MR (Ile-180), while compared to wild-type MR, the EC50s of MR rs5522 for aldosterone and corticosterone were slightly lower and fold-activation was higher. Spironolactone and progesterone had similar antagonist activity for MR rs5522 and MR (Ile-180) in the presence of MMTV and TAT3 promoters in HEK293 cells indicating these antagonists are potential regulators of brain MR rs5522 to treat hyperactivity that contributes to Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.08.627066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of Transcriptional Activation by Corticosteroids of Human MR (Ile-180) and Human MR Haplotype (Ile180Val)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.627563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone H3 tail modifications required for meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.627563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone tail phosphorylation has diverse effects on a myriad of cellular processes, including cell division, and is highly conserved throughout eukaryotes. Histone H3 phosphorylation at threonine 3 (H3T3) during mitosis occurs at the inner centromeres and is required for proper biorientation of chromosomes on the mitotic spindle. While H3T3 is also phosphorylated during meiosis, a possible role for this modification has not been tested. Here, we asked if H3T3 phosphorylation (H3T3ph) is important for meiotic division by quantifying sporulation efficiency and spore viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with a T3A amino acid substitution. The T3A substitution resulted in greatly reduced sporulation efficiency and reduced spore viability. Analysis of two other H3 tail mutants, K4A and S10A, revealed different effects on sporulation efficiency and spore viability compared to the T3A mutant, suggesting that these phenotypes are due to failures in distinct functions. To determine if the spindle checkpoint promotes spore viability of the T3A mutant, the MAD2 gene required for the spindle assembly checkpoint was deleted to abolish spindle assembly checkpoint function. This resulted in a severe reduction in spore viability following meiosis. Altogether, the data reveal a critical function for histone H3 threonine 3 that requires monitoring by the spindle checkpoint to ensure successful completion of meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Prichard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkpatrick, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.09.627563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone H3 tail modifications required for meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.628032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory interactions between APOBEC3B N- and C-terminal domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.628032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
APOBEC3B (A3B) is implicated in DNA mutations that facilitate tumor evolution. Although structures of its individual N- and C-terminal domains (NTD and CTD) have been resolved through X-ray crystallography, the full-length A3B (fl-A3B) structure remains elusive, limiting understanding of its dynamics and mechanisms. In particular, the APOBEC3B C-terminal domain (A3Bctd) active site is frequently closed in models and structures. In this study, we built several new models of fl-A3B using integrative structural biology methods and selected a top model for further dynamical investigation. We compared dynamics of the truncated (A3Bctd) to the fl-A3B via conventional and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Subsequently, we employed weighted ensemble methods to explore the fl-A3B active site opening mechanism, finding that interactions at the NTD-CTD interface enhance the opening frequency of the fl-A3B active site. Our findings shed light on the structural dynamics of fl-A3B, which may offer new avenues for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Braza, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo-Tusell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Pena Avalos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aihara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.628032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory interactions between APOBEC3B N- and C-terminal domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mu-opioid receptor activation potentiates excitatory transmission at the habenulo-peduncular synapse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The continuing opioid epidemic poses a huge burden on public health. Identifying the neurocircuitry involved and how opioids modulate their signaling is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies. The medial habenula (MHb) is a small epithalamic structure that projects predominantly to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and represents a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) hotspot. This habenulo-peduncular (HP) circuit can regulate nicotine and opioid withdrawal; however, little is known about the physiological impact of MOR on its function. Using MOR-reporter mice, we observed that MORs are expressed in a subset of MHb and IPN cells. Patch-clamp recordings revealed that MOR activation inhibited action potential firing in MOR+ MHb neurons and induced an inhibitory outward current in IPN neurons, consistent with canonical inhibitory effects of MOR. We next used optogenetics to stimulate MOR+ MHb axons to investigate the effects of MOR activation on excitatory transmission at the HP synapse. In contrast to its inhibitory effects elsewhere, MOR activation significantly potentiated evoked glutamatergic transmission to IPN. The facilitatory effects of MOR activation on glutamate co-release was also observed from cholinergic-defined HP synapses. The potentiation of excitatory transmission mediated by MOR activation persisted in the presence of blockers of GABA receptors or voltage-gated sodium channels, suggesting a monosynaptic mechanism. Finally, disruption of MOR in the MHb abolished the faciliatory action of DAMGO, indicating that this non-canonical effect of MOR activation on excitatory neurotransmission at the HP synapse is dependent on pre-synaptic MOR expression. Our study demonstrates canonical inhibitory effects of MOR activation in somatodendritic compartments, but non-canonical faciliatory effects on evoked glutamate transmission at the HP synapse, establishing a new mode by which MOR can modulate neuronal function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singhal, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szlaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.10.627842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mu-opioid receptor activation potentiates excitatory transmission at the habenulo-peduncular synapse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.14.628346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly recurrent multi-nucleotide mutations in SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.14.628346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multi-nucleotide mutations (MNMs) simultaneously replace multiple nu-cleotides. They are a significant contributor to evolution and disease, as well as to misdiagnosis, misannotation and other biases in genome data analysis.

MNMs are generally thought to be rare and random events. However, by processing millions of publicly shared genomes, we show that certain MNMs are highly recurrent in SARS-CoV-2: they repeatedly and consistently modify the same multiple nucleotides at the same genome position in the same way. The most frequent of these MNMs have independently occurred hundreds of times across all SARS-CoV-2 lineages.

The vast majority of these recurrent MNMs are linked to transcription regulatory sequences. We propose a mechanism that explains them through template switching as part of the natural transcription process of the virus.

This previously unknown mutational pattern increases our understanding of the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially many other nidoviruses. It also has important consequences for computational evolutionary biology: we show that for example recurrent MNMs cause approximately 14% of false positives during inference of recombination in SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Maio, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.14.628346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly recurrent multi-nucleotide mutations in SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.12.628143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring Bioelectricity with Ace2N-mNeon during Zebrafish Embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.12.628143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bioelectricity is a fundamental biophysical phenomenon present in all cells, playing a crucial role in embryogenesis by regulating processes such as neuronal signaling, pattern formation, and cancer suppression. Precise monitoring of bioelectric signals and their dynamic changes throughout development is vital for advancing our understanding of higher organisms. However, the lack of suitable techniques for mapping bioelectric signals during early development has greatly limited our ability to interpret these mechanisms. To address this challenge, we developed an Ace2N-mNeon expression library in zebrafish, which exhibits membrane localization from 4 hours post-fertilization to at least 5 days post- fertilization and broad expression across multiple cell types throughout development. We validated the use of this library for studying bioelectric changes via voltage imaging to record signals in neurons and cardiomyocytes at different development stages. Through this approach, we found evidence of synchronized neuronal activity during early embryogenesis and observed faster voltage dynamics in cardiomyocytes as development progressed. Our results show that the Ace2N-mNeon library is a valuable tool for developmental bioelectric studies supporting advanced techniques such as voltage imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). These methods enable non-invasive, dynamic monitoring of bioelectric signals across diverse cell types throughout development, significantly surpassing the capabilities of current electrophysiological techniques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira Silva, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoessein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marques Trujillo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganapathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brinks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.12.628143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring Bioelectricity with Ace2N-mNeon during Zebrafish Embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.16.628816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synergistic Neural Circuits for Novelty and Goal-Directed Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.16.628816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to adapt to a dynamic world relies on detecting, learning, and responding to environmental changes. The detection of novelty serves as a critical indicator of such changes, priming mechanisms to detect and respond to goal-relevant information. However, neural regions that support novelty detection (hippocampus) and goal-directed behavior (dopaminergic midbrain [VTA] and prefrontal cortex [PFC]) have yet to be described as a sequential process that unfolds over time. Using a forward-prediction functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) model, we explored interactions between the hippocampus, VTA, and PFC in humans performing a novelty-imbued target-detection task. Hippocampal novelty activation predicted subsequent VTA target activation, enhancing readiness to detect goal-relevant information. Concurrently, goal-directed PFC activation modulated VTA target activation, refining focus on behaviorally significant cues. These circuits function both synergistically and independently, promoting subsequent hippocampal activity during target trials. This work provides new insights into how distributed circuits coordinate to optimize adaptive behavior.

Significance StatementSurviving in dynamic environments requires coordinated neural mechanisms to detect, learn from, and respond to change. However, neural regions that support novelty detection and goal-oriented behavior have yet to be described as a sequential process that unfolds over time. Using a novel forward-prediction functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) model, we show that hippocampal activation during novelty predicts ventral tegmental area (VTA) readiness to process goal-relevant information. Concurrently, goal-directed prefrontal cortex activity modulates VTA responses, sharpening focus on behaviorally significant cues. Furthermore, these synergistic and independent circuits enhance hippocampal sensitivity for future adaptive responses, offering novel insights into integration of brain mechanisms critical for learning, motivation, and executive function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elliott, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellman, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murty, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.16.628816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synergistic Neural Circuits for Novelty and Goal-Directed Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.16.628790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing the Conformational Heterogeneity of HSPB1 Chaperone Oligomers at Atomic Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.16.628790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), including HSPB1, are essential regulators of cellular proteostasis that interact with unfolded and partially folded proteins to prevent aberrant misfolding and aggregation. These proteins fulfill a similar role in biological condensates, where they interact with intrinsically disordered proteins to modulate their liquid-liquid and liquid-to-solid phase transitions. Characterizing sHSP structure, dynamics, and client interactions is challenging due to their partially disordered nature, their tendency to form polydisperse oligomers, and their diverse range of clients. In this work, we leverage various biophysical methods, including fast 1H-based magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and modeling, to shed new light on the structure and dynamics of HSPB1 oligomers. Using split-intein mediated segmental labeling, we provide unambiguous evidence that in the oligomer context the N-terminal domain (NTD) of HSPB1 is rigid and adopts an ensemble of heterogenous conformations, the -crystallin domain (ACD) forms dimers and experiences multiple distinct local environments, while the C-terminal domain (CTD) remains highly dynamic. Our computational models suggest that the NTDs participate in extensive NTD-NTD and NTD-ACD interactions and are sequestered within the oligomer interior. We further demonstrate that HSPB1 higher order oligomers disassemble into smaller oligomeric species in the presence of a client protein and that an accessible NTD is essential for HSPB1 partitioning into condensates and interactions with client proteins. Our integrated approach provides a high-resolution view of the complex oligomeric landscape of HSPB1 and sheds light on the elusive network of interactions that underly HSPB1 function in biological condensates.

Significance statementHSPB1 is a ubiquitous cellular chaperone that helps prevent the aberrant aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in biological condensates and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its central role in this process, many aspects of HSPB1s structure and interactions with clients are not well understood due to its tendency to form polydisperse oligomeric structures and to function in heterogeneous condensate environments. Here, we present an integrated approach that includes segmental labeling, fast MAS NMR spectroscopy, and computational tools to characterize the structure and dynamics of HSPB1 in its oligomeric form and within client condensates at high resolution. Our approach, which is applicable to other complex biological systems, highlights the important role of HSPB1s N-terminal domain in oligomeric assembly and interactions with clients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berkeley, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plonski, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grohe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mittal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Debelouchina, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.16.628790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing the Conformational Heterogeneity of HSPB1 Chaperone Oligomers at Atomic Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Future Development of Stress-Induced Anhedonia From Cortical Dynamics and Facial Expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The current state of mental health treatment for individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder leaves billions of individuals with first-line therapies that are ineffective or burdened with undesirable side effects. One major obstacle is that distinct pathologies may currently be diagnosed as the same disease and prescribed the same treatments. The key to developing antidepressants with ubiquitous efficacy is to first identify a strategy to differentiate between heterogeneous conditions. Major depression is characterized by hallmark features such as anhedonia and a loss of motivation (1, 2), and it has been recognized that even among inbred mice raised under identical housing conditions, we observe heterogeneity in their susceptibility and resilience to stress (3). Anhedonia, a condition identified in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, is described as the inability to experience pleasure and is linked to anomalous medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity (4). The mPFC is responsible for higher order functions (5-8), such as valence encoding; however, it remains unknown how mPFC valence-specific neuronal population activity is affected during anhedonic conditions. To test this, we implemented the unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol (9-11) in mice and examined hedonic behaviors following stress and ketamine treatment. We used unsupervised clustering to delineate individual variability in hedonic behavior in response to stress. We then performed in vivo 2-photon calcium imaging to longitudinally track mPFC valence-specific neuronal population dynamics during a Pavlovian discrimination task. Chronic mild stress mice exhibited a blunted effect in the ratio of mPFC neural population responses to rewards relative to punishments after stress that rebounds following ketamine treatment. Also, a linear classifier revealed that we can decode susceptibility to chronic mild stress based on mPFC valence-encoding properties prior to stress-exposure and behavioral expression of susceptibility. Lastly, we used a markerless pose tracking computer vision tool, SLEAP (31), to predict whether a mouse would become resilient or susceptible based on facial expressions during a Pavlovian discrimination task. These results indicate that mPFC valence encoding properties and behavior are predictive of anhedonic states. Altogether, these experiments point to the need for increased granularity in the measurement of both behavior and neural activity, as these factors can predict the predisposition to stress-induced anhedonia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Coley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delahanty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamintuan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagemann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adivikolanu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cressy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeDuke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durubeh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>linderhof, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wichmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Future Development of Stress-Induced Anhedonia From Cortical Dynamics and Facial Expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autoimmune mechanisms elucidated through muscle acetylcholine receptor structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle contraction is mediated by acetylcholine (ACh) binding to its ionotropic receptors (AChRs) at neuromuscular junctions. In myasthenia gravis (MG), autoantibodies target AChRs, disrupting neurotransmission and causing muscle weakness. Despite available treatments, patient responses vary, suggesting pathogenic heterogeneity. Current information on molecular mechanisms of autoantibodies is limited due to the absence of structures of an intact human muscle AChR. Here, we overcome challenges in receptor purification and present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the human adult AChR in different functional states. Using a panel of six MG patient-derived monoclonal antibodies, we mapped distinct epitopes involved in diverse pathogenic mechanisms, including receptor blockade, internalization, and complement activation. Electrophysiological and binding assays further defined how these autoantibodies impair AChR function. These findings provide critical insights into MG immunopathology, revealing previously unrecognized antibody epitope diversity and mechanisms of receptor inhibition, offering a foundation for personalized therapies targeting antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders.

HighlightsO_LIHuman adult muscle AChR receptor structures in resting and desensitized states
C_LIO_LIEpitope mapping for mechanistically distinct pathogenic MG autoantibodies
C_LIO_LIStructural and functional elucidation of different inhibition mechanisms in MG
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noviello, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibbs, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autoimmune mechanisms elucidated through muscle acetylcholine receptor structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacteria-powered living materials enable coral larval settlement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.18.629188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global decline of coral reefs calls for new strategies to rapidly restock coral populations and maintain ecosystem functions and services. Low recruitment success on degraded reefs hampers coral sexual propagation and contributes to limited genetic diversity and reef resilience. Here, we introduce a living bacteria-powered reef ink (Brink) for assisted coral recruitment. Brink can be rapidly applied to restoration substrates via photopolymerization, and it has been formulated to cultivate two settlement-inducing bacterial strains (Cellulophaga lytica and Thalassotalea euphylliae). Settlement assays performed with broadcast spawning (Montipora capitata) and brooding (Pocillopora acuta) Indo-Pacific corals showed that Brink-coated substrates increased settlement >5-fold compared to uncoated control substrates. Brink can be applied as a coating or 3D bioprinted, leading to various potential applications for integration with reef engineering. Our approach underscores the potential of using functional living materials for augmented ecosystem engineering and reef rehabilitation.

SynopsisThis study introduces a functional and sustainable bacteria-powered living material that enhances coral settlement, promoting coral reef rehabilitation and ecosystem resilience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freckelton, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinasquet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo-Martinez, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Garza, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karimi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jury, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hancock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadfield, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>R3D Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.18.629188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacteria-powered living materials enable coral larval settlement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.19.629526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MrHAMER2: high-accuracy long-read RNA sequencing to decode isoform-specific variation in viral transcripts during latency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.19.629526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the repertoire of proteins encoded by the human genome. Viruses have been shown to hijack AS cellular pathways to sustain replication or lead to latency. In HIV-1 infection, the virus integrates into the host genome, becoming a transcriptional unit that directly engages in AS to regulate its gene expression. Sequencing advances have enabled insights into HIV-1 gene expression dynamics during productive replication. However, viral isoform dynamics during latency remain largely uncharacterized due to the low abundance of spliced viral transcripts in associated CD4+ T cell subsets, making their accurate detection and quantification challenging. MrHAMER2 is a high-accuracy long-read RNA sequencing method that leverages dual Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) tagging of cDNA to accurately capture and quantify full-length isoforms with high dynamic range and 99.968% single-nucleotide accuracy. We used MrHAMER2 to decode the spliced HIV-1 transcriptome in a primary CD4+ T cell model of latency and showed substantial changes in viral isoforms bearing intron retentions accompanied by changes in their potential to generate translatable protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallardo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qazi, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshmukh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beliakova-Bethell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torbett, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.19.629526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MrHAMER2: high-accuracy long-read RNA sequencing to decode isoform-specific variation in viral transcripts during latency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.21.629917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pearling Drives Mitochondrial DNA Nucleoid Distribution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.21.629917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mitochondria of most eukaryotes carry an indispensable second genome (mtDNA), encoding genes engaged in oxidative phosphorylation1. The regular positioning and segregation of mtDNA-containing nucleoids is essential for mitochondrial function and inheritance, as well as cellular health2-5. However, the underlying mechanism driving nucleoid distribution and disaggregation remains unknown6,7. Our data reveal that mitochondria frequently undergo reversible pearling, a biophysical instability that undulates tubules into regularly spaced beads 8, typically triggered by calcium influx. We discovered that physiological pearling imposes a characteristic length scale, simultaneously mediating nucleoid disaggregation and establishing inter-nucleoid distancing with near-maximally achievable precision. We found that lamellar cristae invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane play a dual role, determining pearling frequency and duration, and preserving the resulting nucleoid spacing after organelle recovery to a tubular form. Thus, disrupting cristae ultrastructure resulted in more frequent pearling, but also aberrant nucleoid clustering. Our results demonstrate that the distribution of mitochondrial genomes is governed by the interplay between rapid and reversible pearling and cristae ultrastructure, establishing a mechanism for this long-puzzling yet fundamental feature of eukaryotic life, and offering insights into its potential modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Landoni, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lycas, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macuada, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaccard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obara, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Nejma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lippincott-Schwartz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sturm, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.21.629917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pearling Drives Mitochondrial DNA Nucleoid Distribution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.629662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A self-limiting Sterile Insect Technique alternative for Ceratitis capitata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.629662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic biocontrol systems have broad applications in population control of insects implicated in both disease spread and food security. In this study we establish and characterise a novel split-CRISPR/Cas9 system we term Sex Conversion Induced by CRISPR (SCIC) in Ceratitis capitata (the Mediterranean fruit fly), a major agricultural pest with a global distribution. Using the white eye gene for toolkit selection, we achieved up to 100% CRISPR/Cas9 efficiency, displaying the feasibility of C. capitata split-CRISPR/Cas9 systems using constitutive promoters. We then induce sex-conversion by targeting the transformer gene in a SCIC approach aimed for SIT-mediated releases upon radiation-based sterilisation. Knock-out of transformer induced partial to full female-to-male sex-conversion, with remaining individuals all being intersex and sterile. SCIC population modelling shows superior performance to traditional population control strategies, allowing for faster population elimination with fewer released sterile males. Our results build the foundation for further genetic pest control methods of C. capitata and related tephritid agricultural pests.

Significance statementAgricultural industry faces increasing threat from a multitude of pests including the domineering tephritid fruit flies. Genetic engineering of these pests has been recently tested to develop more efficient and affordable population control strategies. Here, we develop a new approach to improve existing population control measures by testing it in one of the most famous and dangerous tephritids, the Mediterranean fruit fly. Through optimisation, we achieved desired outcomes: female fly absence achieved via semi and full female-to-male sex conversion by CRISPR-mediated genome editing through gene mutations. For the first time in this insect, we used a split, and thus inducible, approach for such genome editing. Our work holds the potential to significantly improve tephritid population control strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davydova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prince, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braswell, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meccariello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.629662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A self-limiting Sterile Insect Technique alternative for Ceratitis capitata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.629818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAIRSCAPE: An Evolving AI-readiness Framework for Biomedical Research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.629818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveBiomedical datasets intended for use in AI applications require packaging with rich pre-model metadata to support model development that is explainable, ethical, epistemically grounded and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable).

MethodsWe developed FAIRSCAPE, a digital commons environment, using agile methods, in close alignment with the team developing the AI-readiness criteria and with the Bridge2AI data production teams. Work was initially based on an existing provenance-aware framework for clinical machine learning. We incrementally added RO-Crate data+metadata packaging and exchange methods, client-side packaging support, provenance visualization, and support metadata mapped to the AI-readiness criteria, with automated AI-readiness evaluation. LinkML semantic enrichment and Croissant ML-ecosystem translations were also incorporated.

ResultsThe FAIRSCAPE framework generates, packages, evaluates, and manages critical pre-model AI-readiness and explainability information with descriptive metadata and deep provenance graphs for biomedical datasets. It provides ethical, schema, statistical, and semantic characterization of dataset releases, licensing and availability information, and an automated AI-readiness evaluation across all 28 AI-readiness criteria. We applied this framework to successive, large-scale releases of multimodal datasets, progressively increasing dataset AI-readiness to full compliance.

ConclusionFAIRSCAPE enables AI-readiness in biomedical datasets using standard metadata components and has been used to establish this pattern across a major, multimodal NIH data generation program. It eliminates early-stage opacity apparent in many biomedical AI applications and provides a basis for establishing end-to-end AI explainability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al Manir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levinson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niestroy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.629818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAIRSCAPE: An Evolving AI-readiness Framework for Biomedical Research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the Role of Glyoxalase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Cocaine and Oxycodone Use Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylglyoxal (MG) is an endogenously produced non-enzymatic side product of glycolysis that acts as a partial agonist at GABAA receptors. MG that is metabolized by the enzyme glyoxalase-1 (GLO1). Inhibition of GLO1 increases methylglyoxal levels, and has been shown to modulate various behaviors, including decreasing seeking of cocaine-paired cues and ethanol consumption. The goal of these studies was to determine if GLO1 inhibition could alter cocaine-or oxycodone-induced locomotor activation and/or conditioned place preference (CPP) to cocaine or oxycodone. We used both pharmacological and genetic manipulations of GLO1 to address this question. Administration of the GLO1 inhibitor s-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (pBBG) did not alter the locomotor response to cocaine or oxycodone. Additionally, pBBG had no significant effect on place preference for cocaine or oxycodone. Genetic knockdown of Glo1, which is conceptually similar to pharmacological inhibition, did not have any significant effects on cocaine place preference, nor did Glo1 overexpression affect locomotor response to cocaine. In summary, our results show that neither pharmacological nor genetic manipulations of GLO1 influence locomotor response or CPP to cocaine or oxycodone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alcantara, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortez, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilustrisimo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stromberg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkley-Levenson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.630123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the Role of Glyoxalase 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Cocaine and Oxycodone Use Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Afadin Sorts Different Retinal Neuron Types into Accurate Cellular Layers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons use cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) to interact with other neurons and the extracellular environment: the combination of CAMs specifies migration patterns, neuronal morphologies, and synaptic connections across diverse neuron types. Yet little is known regarding the intracellular signaling cascade mediating the CAM recognitions at the cell surface across different neuron types. In this study, we investigated the neural developmental role of Afadin1-4, a cytosolic adapter protein that connects multiple CAM families to intracellular F-actin. We introduced the conditional Afadin mutant5 to an embryonic retinal Cre, Six3-Cre6-8. We reported that the mutants lead to the scrambled retinal neuron distribution, including Bipolar Cells (BCs), Amacrine Cells (ACs), and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), across three cellular layers of the retina. This scrambled pattern was first reported here at neuron-type resolution. Importantly, the mutants do not display deficits for BCs, ACs, or RGCs in terms of neural fate specifications or survival. Additionally, the displayed RGC types still maintain synaptic partners with putative AC types, indicating that other molecular determinants instruct synaptic choices independent of Afadin. Lastly, there is a significant decline in visual function and mis-targeting of RGC axons to incorrect zones of the superior colliculus, one of the major retinorecipient areas. Collectively, our study uncovers a unique cellular role of Afadin in sorting retinal neuron types into proper cellular layers as the structural basis for orderly visual processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lum, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Torre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Della Santina, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welsbie, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.24.630272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Afadin Sorts Different Retinal Neuron Types into Accurate Cellular Layers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.25.630328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-Term Reactivation of Multiple Sub-Assemblies in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.25.630328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In resting or sleep periods following a task, neurons in various parts of the brain become reactivated, with firing patterns often similar to that during the task. This reactivation plays an essential role in memory consolidation. However, detecting these reactivating episodes has been challenging because not all neurons recorded may be directly relevant to the memory being consolidated. Here, we propose a novel spike train clustering (STC) method for detecting groups of neurons (clusters) with partial synchronous firing. From a mechanistic standpoint, the correlated activity of an ensemble can arise from neuronal interactions within the recorded local ensemble, common external inputs, or both. To quantify these contributions, we propose to use information geometry (IG) by taking advantage of its capacity for orthogonal decomposition of neural interactions. We analyzed simultaneous single unit activity from rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and area CA1 of the hippocampus when animals explored novel objects and when they slept before and after the exploration. We demonstrate that multiple reactivations by different subsets of neurons (clusters) occurred. Those reactivations could extend over 11 hours, the entire recording duration of post-task rest after the exploration epoch. Long-lasting reactivation was not detected when all neurons were included as a single cluster in the analysis. We also showed that pairwise interactions in reactivating clusters tended to be more strongly modified than in non-reactivating ones. In addition, the pairwise interactions of the reactivating clusters in CA1 were strongly modulated by the task experience but not in the mPFC. These results indicate that hippocampal reactivation following novel experience is likely to be induced within the hippocampal circuits. In contrast, mPFC reactivation is likely to be driven by external inputs, possibly in part from the hippocampus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tatsuno, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fellous, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.25.630328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-Term Reactivation of Multiple Sub-Assemblies in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.28.630634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell analysis of the epigenome and 3D chromatin architecture in the human retina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.28.630634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most genetic risk variants linked to ocular diseases are non-protein coding and presumably contribute to disease through dysregulation of gene expression, however, deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action has been impeded by an incomplete annotation of the transcriptional regulatory elements across different retinal cell types. To address this knowledge gap, we carried out single-cell multiomics assays to investigate gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylome and 3D chromatin architecture in human retina, macula, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid. We identified 420,824 unique candidate regulatory elements and characterized their chromatin states in 23 sub-classes of retinal cells. Comparative analysis of chromatin landscapes between human and mouse retina cells further revealed both evolutionarily conserved and divergent retinal gene-regulatory programs. Leveraging the rapid advancements in deep-learning techniques, we developed sequence-based predictors to interpret non-coding risk variants of retina diseases. Our study establishes retina-wide, single-cell transcriptome, epigenome, and 3D genome atlases, and provides a resource for studying the gene regulatory programs of the human retina and relevant diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D Antonio, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartosik, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancione, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyagari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.28.630634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell analysis of the epigenome and 3D chromatin architecture in the human retina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.29.630689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin improves heart metabolic flexibility by promoting mitochondrial structure and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.29.630689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypertension, a major cause of cardiomyopathy, is one of the most critical risk factors for heart failure and mortality worldwide. Loss of metabolic flexibility of cardiomyocytes is one of the major causes of heart failure. Although Catestatin (CST) treatment is known to be both hypotensive and cardioprotective, its effect on cardiac metabolism is unknown. In this study, we undertook a transcriptomic approach to identify differentially expressed genes that were filtered using Boolean implication relationships to develop a model of gene regulation in saline or CST-supplemented CST knockout (CST-KO) mice. The analysis revealed a set of gene signatures (fibroblast, cardiomyocyte, and macrophage) rescued after CST supplemented CST-KO mice compared to wild-type. Furthermore, we independently validated these gene signature models using publicly available patient datasets. Since the gene signature includes genes related to glucose, fatty acid metabolism, and mitochondrial function, we assessed the glucose and fatty acid uptake after CST treatment. We found that CST treatment can restore the cardiac metabolic inflexibility in CST-KO heart due to the metabolic shift of glucose utilization to fatty acid as energy source. Binding studies after immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed CST binding with ATP synthase, supported by molecular simulation and computational modeling that predicted CST binding to /{beta} subunit of ATP synthase. Colocalization of CST with mitochondria and increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production upon CST treatment in neonatal cardiomyocytes further exhibit CST as a key regulator of cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chirasani, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasqua, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avolio, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Bogaart, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senapati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.29.630689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin improves heart metabolic flexibility by promoting mitochondrial structure and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circuit dynamics of approach-avoidance conflict in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Debilitating anxiety is pervasive in the modern world. Choices to approach or avoid are common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of anxiety disorders. Here, we used intracranial EEG to define a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit supporting approach and avoidance. Presurgical epilepsy patients (n=20) performed a continuous-choice, approach-avoidance conflict decision-making task inspired by the arcade game Pac-Man, where patients trade-off harvesting rewards against potential losses from attack by the ghost. As patients approached increasing rewards and threats, we found evidence of a limbic circuit mediated by increased theta power in the hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), that drops rapidly during avoidance. Theta band connectivity within this circuit and with the lateral prefrontal cortex increases during approach and falls during avoidance, and amygdala and lateral frontal activity granger-caused the theta oscillations in both the OFC and ACC. Importantly, the degree of network connectivity predicted how long patients approach, with enhanced network synchronicity extending approach times. Finally, when threat is imminent, the system dynamically switches to a sustained increase in high-frequency activity (70-150Hz) in the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), tracking the degree of threat. The results provide evidence for a distributed prefrontal-limbic circuit, mediated by theta oscillations and high frequency activity, underlying approach-avoidance conflict in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staveland, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberschulte, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim-McManus, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastjerdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circuit dynamics of approach-avoidance conflict in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TOR and heat shock response pathways regulate peroxisome biogenesis during proteotoxic stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peroxisomes are versatile organelles mediating energy homeostasis and redox balance. While peroxisome dysfunction is linked to numerous diseases, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating peroxisomes during cellular stress remain elusive. Using yeast, we show that perturbations disrupting protein homeostasis including loss of ER or cytosolic chaperone function, impairments in ER protein translocation, blocking ER N-glycosylation, or reductive stress, cause peroxisome proliferation. This proliferation is driven by increased de novo biogenesis from the ER as well as increased fission of pre-existing peroxisomes, rather than impaired pexophagy. Notably, peroxisome biogenesis is essential for cellular recovery from proteotoxic stress. Through comprehensive testing of major signaling pathways, we determine this response to be mediated by activation of the heat shock response and inhibition of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Finally, the effects of proteotoxic stress and TOR inhibition on peroxisomes are also captured in human fibroblasts. Overall, our findings reveal a critical and conserved role of peroxisomes in cellular response to proteotoxic stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shukla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farre, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mast, F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aitchison, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TOR and heat shock response pathways regulate peroxisome biogenesis during proteotoxic stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fetal oncogene NUAK2 is an emerging therapeutic target in glioblastoma. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and highly malignant form of adult brain cancer characterized by poor overall survival rates. Effective therapeutic modalities remain limited, necessitating the search for novel treatments. Neurodevelopmental pathways have been implicated in glioma formation, with key neurodevelopmental regulators being re- expressed or co-opted during glioma tumorigenesis. Here we identified a serine/threonine kinase, NUAK family kinase 2 (NUAK2), as a fetal oncogene in mouse and human brains. We found robust expression of NUAK2 in the embryonic brain that decreases throughout postnatal stages and then is re-expressed in malignant gliomas. However, the role of NUAK2 in GBM tumorigenesis remains unclear. We demonstrate that CRIPSR-Cas9 mediated NUAK2 deletion in GBM cells results in suppression of proliferation, while overexpression leads to enhanced cell growth in both in vitro and in vivo models. Further investigation of the downstream biological processes dysregulated in the absence of NUAK2 reveals that NUAK2 modulates extracellular matrix (ECM) components to facilitate migratory behavior. Lastly, we determined that pharmaceutical inhibition of NUAK2 is sufficient to impede the proliferation and migration of malignant glioma cells. Our results suggest that NUAK2 is an actionable therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morozova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glasgow, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fetal oncogene NUAK2 is an emerging therapeutic target in glioblastoma.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.02.629617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo itaconate tracing reveals degradation pathway and turnover kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.02.629617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite that alters mitochondrial metabolism and immune cell function. This organic acid is endogenously synthesized via tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolism downstream of TLR signaling. Itaconate-based treatment strategies are being explored to mitigate numerous inflammatory conditions. However, little is known about the turnover rate of itaconate in circulation, the kinetics of its degradation, and the broader consequences on metabolism. By combining mass spectrometry and in vivo 13C itaconate tracing, we demonstrate that itaconate is rapidly eliminated from plasma, excreted via urine, and fuels TCA cycle metabolism specifically in the liver and kidneys. These studies further revealed that itaconate is converted into acetyl-CoA, mesaconate, and citramalate in mitochondria. Itaconate administration also influenced branched-chain amino acid metabolism and succinate levels, indicating a functional impact on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) activity. Our findings uncovered a previously unknown aspect of the itaconate metabolism, highlighting its rapid catabolism in vivo that contrasts findings in cultured cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cordes, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willenbockel, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowerg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrales, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.02.629617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo itaconate tracing reveals degradation pathway and turnover kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.05.631358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissection of ergosterol metabolism reveals a pathway optimized for membrane phase separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.05.631358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sterols are among the most abundant lipids in eukaryotic cells, yet are synthesized through notoriously long metabolic pathways. It has been proposed that the molecular evolution of such pathways must have required each step to increase the capacity of its product to condense and order phospholipids. Here we carry out a systematic analysis of the ergosterol pathway that leverages the yeast vacuoles capacity to phase-separate as a predictive biophysical readout for each intermediate. In the post-synthetic steps specific to ergosterol biosynthesis, we find that successive modifications act to oscillate ordering capacity, settling on a level that supports phase separation while retaining fluidity of the resulting domains. Simulations carried out with each intermediate showed how conformers in the sterols alkyl tail are capable of modulating long-range ordering of phospholipids, which could underlie changes in phase behavior. Our results indicate that the complexity of sterol metabolism could have resulted from the need to balance lipid interactions required for membrane organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juarez-Contreras, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, L. J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-Liao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Ruiz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.05.631358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissection of ergosterol metabolism reveals a pathway optimized for membrane phase separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-specific modulation of NADH consumption as an anti-aging intervention in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is characterized by extensive metabolic dysregulation. Redox coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) can exist in oxidized (NAD+) or reduced (NADH) states, which together form a key NADH/NAD+ redox pair. Total levels of NAD decline with age in a tissue-specific manner, thereby playing a significant role in the aging process. Supplementation with NAD precursors boosts total cellular NAD levels and provides some therapeutic benefits in human clinical trials. However, supplementation studies cannot determine tissue-specific effects of an altered NADH/NAD+ ratio. Here, we created transgenic Drosophila expressing a genetically encoded xenotopic tool LbNOX to directly manipulate the cellular NADH/NAD+ ratio. We found that LbNOX expression in Drosophila impacts both NAD(H) and NADP(H) metabolites in a sex-specific manner. LbNOX rescues neuronal cell death induced by the expression of mutated alpha-B crystallin in the Drosophila eye, a widely used system to study reductive stress. Utilizing LbNOX, we demonstrate that targeting redox NAD metabolism in different tissues may have drastically different outcomes, as the expression of LbNOX solely in the muscle is much more effective for rescuing paraquat-induced oxidative stress compared to whole-body expression. Excitingly, we demonstrate that perturbing NAD(P) metabolism in non-neuronal tissues is sufficient to rejuvenate sleep profiles in aged flies to a youthful state. In summary, we used xenotopic tool LbNOX to identify tissues and metabolic processes which benefited the most from the modulation of the NAD metabolism thereby highlighting important aspects of rebalancing the NAD and NADP pools, all of which can be translated into novel designs of NAD-related human clinical trials.

Significance statementTotal levels of NAD decline with age in a tissue-specific manner, thereby playing a significant role in the aging process. Supplementation with NAD precursors boosts organismal NAD levels but cannot determine tissue-specific effects of altered NAD metabolism. Here, we created transgenic Drosophila expressing a genetically encoded xenotopic tool, LbNOX, to directly manipulate NAD metabolism. We demonstrate that targeting NAD metabolism in just one tissue may be more effective than altering whole-body metabolism and can reverse some aging-related manifestations in a sex-specific manner. We anticipate that our work will define the tissues that benefit the most from targeting NAD metabolism and aid in designing better human clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yadav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karhadkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckerman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cracan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkhitko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.631511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-specific modulation of NADH consumption as an anti-aging intervention in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mirror effect of genomic deletions and duplications on cognitive ability across the human cerebral cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive deficits are common across many neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, including those studied in the current set of PGC-CNV papers. How changes in regional gene expression across the cerebral cortex influence cognitive ability remains unknown. Population variation in gene dosage--which significantly impacts gene expression--represents a unique paradigm to address this question. We developed a cerebral-cortex gene-set burden analysis (CC-GSBA) to associate a trait with genomic deletions and duplications that disrupt genes with similar expression profiles across 180 cortical regions. We performed CC-GSBA across 180 cortical regions to test associations with cognitive ability in 260,000 individuals from general population cohorts. Most cortical gene sets were associated with a decrease in cognitive ability when deleted or duplicated, and this novel approach revealed opposing cortical patterns for the effect sizes of deletions and duplications. These cortical patterns of effect sizes followed the cortical gradient previously characterized at the molecular, cellular, and functional levels. We show that genes with preferential expression in sensorimotor regions demonstrated the largest effect on cognition when deleted. At the opposing end of the cortical gradient, genes with preferential expression in multimodal association regions affected cognition the most when duplicated. These two gene dosage cortical patterns could not be explained by particular cell types, developmental epochs, or genetic constraints, highlighting the fact that the macroscopic network organization of the cerebral cortex is key to understanding the effects of gene dosage on cognitive traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huguet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renne, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engchuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean-Louis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saci, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiruvahindrapuram, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, E. E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porteous, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redmond, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pausova, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwood, C. M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherer, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almasy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacquemont, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.631492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mirror effect of genomic deletions and duplications on cognitive ability across the human cerebral cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of nucleosome recognition by the conserved Dsup and HMGN nucleosome-binding motif 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.631586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tardigrade damage suppressor (Dsup) and vertebrate high mobility group N (HMGN) proteins bind specifically to nucleosomes via a conserved motif whose structure has not been experimentally determined. Here we used cryo-EM to show that both proteins bind to the nucleosome acidic patch via analogous arginine anchors with one molecule bound to each face of the nucleosome. We additionally employed the natural promoter-containing 5S rDNA sequence for structural analysis of the nucleosome. These structures of an ancient nucle-osome-binding motif suggest that there is an untapped realm of proteins with a related mode of binding to chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alegrio-Louro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz-Becerra, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadonaga, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.631586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of nucleosome recognition by the conserved Dsup and HMGN nucleosome-binding motif]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regionalized regulation of actomyosin organization influences cardiomyocyte cell shape changes during chamber curvature formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac chambers emerge from a heart tube that balloons and bends to create expanded ventricular and atrial structures, each containing a convex outer curvature (OC) and a recessed inner curvature (IC). The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of these characteristic curvatures remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in zebrafish that the initially similar populations of OC and IC ventricular cardiomyocytes diverge in the organization of their actomyosin cytoskeleton and subsequently acquire distinct OC and IC cell shapes. Altering actomyosin dynamics hinders cell shape changes in the OC, and mosaic analyses indicate that actomyosin regulates cardiomyocyte shape in a cell-autonomous manner. Additionally, both biomechanical cues and the transcription factor Tbx5a influence the basal enrichment of actomyosin and squamous cell morphologies in the OC. Together, our findings demonstrate that intrinsic and extrinsic factors intersect to control actomyosin organization in OC cardiomyocytes, which in turn promotes the cell shape changes that accompany curvature morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leerberg, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avillion, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stainier, D. Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regionalized regulation of actomyosin organization influences cardiomyocyte cell shape changes during chamber curvature formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The spinal premotor network driving scratching flexor and extensor alternation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhythmic motor behaviors are generated by neural networks termed central pattern generators (CPGs). Although locomotor CPGs have been extensively characterized, it remains unknown how the neuronal populations composing them interact to generate adaptive rhythms. We explored the non-linear cooperation dynamics among the three main populations of ipsilaterally projecting spinal CPG neurons - V1, V2a, V2b neurons - in scratch reflex rhythmogenesis. Ablation of all three neuronal subtypes reduced the oscillation frequency. Activation of excitatory V2a neurons enhanced the oscillation frequency, while activating inhibitory V1 neurons caused atonia. These findings required the development of a novel neuromechanical model that consists of flexor and extensor modules coupled via inhibition, in which rhythm in each module is generated by self-bursting excitatory populations and accelerated by intra-module inhibition. Inter-module inhibition coordinates the phases of flexor and extensor activity and slows the oscillations, while facilitation mechanisms in excitatory neurons explain the V2a activation-driven increase in frequency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagamori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goulding, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golomb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gatto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.631866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The spinal premotor network driving scratching flexor and extensor alternation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing hidden knowledge in amnestic mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a form of dementia in which memory and cognitive decline is thought to arise from underlying neurodegeneration. These cognitive impairments, however, are transient when they first appear and can fluctuate across disease progression. Here, we investigate the neural mechanisms underlying fluctuations of performance in amnestic mice. We trained APP/PS1+ mice on an auditory go/no-go task that dissociated learning of task contingencies (knowledge) from its more variable expression under reinforcement (performance). APP/PS1+ exhibited significant performance deficits compared to control mice. Using large-scale two-photon imaging of 6,216 excitatory neurons in 8 mice, we found that auditory cortical networks were more suppressed, less selective to the sensory cues, and exhibited aberrant higher-order encoding of reward prediction compared to control mice. A small sub-population of neurons, however, displayed the opposite phenotype, reflecting a potential compensatory mechanism. Volumetric analysis demonstrated that deficits were concentrated near A{beta} plaques. Strikingly, we found that these cortical deficits were reversed almost instantaneously on probe (non-reinforced) trials when APP/PS1+ performed as well as control mice, providing neural evidence for intact stimulus-action knowledge despite variable ongoing performance. A biologically-plausible reinforcement learning model recapitulated these results and showed that synaptic weights from sensory-to-decision neurons were preserved (i.e. intact stimulus-action knowledge) despite poor performance that was due to inadequate contextual scaling (i.e. impaired performance). Our results suggest that the amnestic phenotype is transient, contextual, and endogenously reversible, with the underlying neural circuits retaining the underlying stimulus-action associations. Thus, memory deficits commonly observed in amnestic mouse models, and potentially at early stages of dementia in humans, relate more to contextual drivers of performance rather than degeneration of the underlying memory traces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogelson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amato, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchibhotla, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing hidden knowledge in amnestic mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and structural basis of a subfamily of PrfH rescuing both the damaged and intact ribosomes stalled in translation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In bacteria, spontaneous mRNAs degradation and ribotoxin-induced RNA damage are two main biological events that lead to the stall of protein translation. The ubiquitous trans-translation system as well as several alternative rescue factors (Arfs) are responsible for rescuing the stalled ribosomes caused by truncated mRNAs that lack the stop codons. To date, protein release factor homolog (PrfH) is the only factor known to rescue the stalled ribosome damaged by ribotoxins. Here we show that a subfamily of PrfH, exemplified by PrfH from Capnocytophaga gingivalis (CgPrfH), rescues both types of stalled ribosomes described above. Our in vitro biochemical assays demonstrate that CgPrfH hydrolyzes the peptides attached to P-site tRNAs when in complex with both the damaged and intact ribosomes. Two cryo-EM structures of CgPrfH in complex with the damaged and intact 70S ribosomes revealed that CgPrfH employs two different regions of the protein to recognize two different stalled ribosomes to orient the GGQ motif for peptide hydrolysis. Thus, using a combination of bioinformatic, biochemical, and structural characterization described here, we have uncovered a family of ribosome rescue factors that possesses dual activities to resolve two distinct stalled protein translation in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and structural basis of a subfamily of PrfH rescuing both the damaged and intact ribosomes stalled in translation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dose-dependent sensitivity of human 3D chromatin to a heart disease-linked transcription factor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dosage-sensitive transcription factors (TFs) underlie altered gene regulation in human developmental disorders, and cell-type specific gene regulation is linked to the reorganization of 3D chromatin during cellular differentiation. Here, we show dose-dependent regulation of chromatin organization by the congenital heart disease (CHD)- linked, lineage-restricted TF TBX5 in human cardiomyocyte differentiation. Genome organization, including compartments, topologically associated domains, and chromatin loops, are sensitive to reduced TBX5 dosage in a human model of CHD, with variations in response across individual cells. Regions normally bound by TBX5 are especially sensitive, while co-occupancy with CTCF partially protects TBX5-bound TAD boundaries and loop anchors. These results highlight the importance of lineage-restricted TF dosage in cell-type specific 3D chromatin dynamics, suggesting a new mechanism for TF-dependent disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grant, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horrillo, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kameswaran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubran, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartosik, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathiriya, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollard, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruneau, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dose-dependent sensitivity of human 3D chromatin to a heart disease-linked transcription factor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism in female skeletal muscle do not display intrinsic circadian regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are key regulators of metabolism and ATP supply in skeletal muscle, while circadian rhythms influence many physiological processes. However, whether mitochondrial function is intrinsically regulated in a circadian manner in mouse skeletal muscle is inadequately understood. Accordingly, we measured post-absorptive transcript abundance of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and metabolism (extensor digitorum longus [EDL], soleus, gastrocnemius), protein abundance of electron transport chain complexes (EDL and soleus), enzymatic activity of SDH (tibialis anterior and plantaris), and maximum uncoupled respiration (tibialis anterior) in different skeletal muscles from female C57BL/6NJ mice at four zeitgeber times (ZT), ZT 1, 7, 13, and 19. Our findings demonstrate that markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism do not display intrinsic time-of-day regulation at the gene, protein, enzymatic, or functional level. The core-clock genes Bmal1 and Dbp exhibited intrinsic circadian rhythmicity in skeletal muscle (i.e., EDL, soleus, gastrocnemius) and circadian amplitude varied by muscle type. These findings demonstrate that female mouse skeletal muscle does not display circadian regulation of markers of mitochondrial function or oxidative metabolism over 24 hours.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spurrier, C. S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melamed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevener, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.631231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Markers of mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism in female skeletal muscle do not display intrinsic circadian regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T cells are necessary for development of PCOS reproductive symptoms in a letrozole-induced mouse model of PCOS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition with clear genetic susceptibilities that impact the heterogeneous clinical presentation of symptoms and severity through unknown mechanisms. Chronic inflammation is linked to PCOS, but a clear cause-and-effect relationship has yet to be established. This study used an in depth systems immunology approach and a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model to identify changes in inflammatory factors associated with PCOS symptoms. By analyzing immune cells and secreted cytokines from 22 different mouse strains, we identified TNF-{beta} as a key T cell-derived cytokine associated with PCOS, regardless of genetic background. We confirmed elevated TNF-{beta} transcripts in immune cells from women with PCOS. Importantly, we used a knockout of TCR to show that functional T cells are a necessary component of driving PCOS features in letrozole-treated female mice. These findings implicate T cells and specifically TNF-{beta} production in the development of PCOS impairments. T cells are therefore an attractive target for the future development of anti-inflammatory therapeutics to improve PCOS symptoms.

TeaserTNF-{beta} links T cell inflammation to reproductive dysfunction in PCOS, highlighting new therapeutic targets for this disorder.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ujagar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Robles, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naidu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angulo, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banaszewska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wysocka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duleba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seldin, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.631835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T cells are necessary for development of PCOS reproductive symptoms in a letrozole-induced mouse model of PCOS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.628762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extending empirical dynamic modeling to cross-sectional data beyond traditional time series. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.10.628762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The foundation of Empirical dynamic modeling (EDM) is in representing time-series data as the trajectory of a dynamic system in a multidimensional state space rather than as a collection of traces of individual variables changing through time. Takenss theorem provides a rigorous basis for adopting this state-space view of time-series data even from just a single time series, but there is considerable additional value to building out a state space with explicit covariates. Multivariate EDM case studies to-date, however, generally rely on building up understanding first from univariate to multivariate and use lag-coordinate embeddings for critical steps along the path of analysis. Here, we propose an alternative set of steps for multivariate EDM analysis when the traditional roadmap is not practicable. The general approach borrows ideas of random data projection from compressed sensing, but additional justification is described within the framework of Takenss theorem. We then detail algorithms that implement this alternative method and validate through application to simulated model data. The model demonstrations are constructed to explicitly demonstrate the possibility for this approach to extend EDM application from time-series trajectories to effectively realizations of the underlying vector field, i.e. data sets that measure change over time with very short formal time series but are otherwise "big" in terms of number of variables and samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deyle, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugihara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.10.628762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extending empirical dynamic modeling to cross-sectional data beyond traditional time series.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.12.632627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of increasing hydrostatic pressures on marine microbial enzymatic activities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.12.632627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High hydrostatic pressure is characteristic of the deep ocean and presumed to influence microbial functions and viability. However, marine microbial processes are typically measured only at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), limiting our understanding of pressure effects on the activities of microbes that sink as part of the biological carbon pump as well as those that reside in the deep ocean. To test pressure effects on microbial functions, we measured extracellular enzymatic activities--the first step in organic matter remineralization--of a moderate piezophile (Photobacterium profundum SS9), as well as of microbial communities in waters and sediments from shallow to abyssal (5,500 m) depths and their cell-free enzymes (<0.2 {micro}m). Activities were measured at 0.1-100 MPa to assess the pressure effects across the nearly full range of oceanic depths. P. profundum SS9 enzymes show varying pressure effects, from considerable stimulation at optimal pressure (28 MPa) to near complete inhibition (100 MPa). Pressure effects were measured for diverse protein- and carbohydrate-degrading and phosphorus-acquiring enzymes among pelagic and benthic microbial communities. The most common pressure effect is partial activity reduction, indicating a dampening of the initial step of carbon remineralization at increasing pressures. However, retention of cell-free enzymatic activities at higher pressures was occasionally observed even for enzymes from surface-originating assemblages, indicating functionality down to hadal depths and their potential for piezotolerance. These variable pressure effects must be considered when quantifying degradation rates of sinking and deposited particulate matter at increasing pressures in the deep ocean.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balmonte, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnosti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caddell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glud, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.12.632627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of increasing hydrostatic pressures on marine microbial enzymatic activities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.633053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unintended bias in the pursuit of collinearity solutions in fMRI analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.633053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), collinearity between task regressors in time series models may impact power. When collinearity is identified after data collection, researchers often modify the model in an effort to reduce collinearity. However, some model adjustments are suboptimal and may introduce bias into parameter estimates. Although relevant to many task-fMRI studies, we highlight these issues using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD(R)) study. We introduce a procedure to more directly quantify the impact of collinearity on task-relevant measures: a contrast-based variance inflation factor (cVIF). We also show that collinearity reduction strategies--such as omitting regressors for specific task components, using impulse regressors for extended activations, and ignoring response time variability--can bias contrast estimates. Finally, we present a "Saturated" model that includes all task components, including response times, aiming to reduce these biases while maintaining comparable levels of collinearity, as assessed by cVIF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mumford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demidenko, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjork, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garavan, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poldrack, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.633053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unintended bias in the pursuit of collinearity solutions in fMRI analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.632811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stress Granules Underlie Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Survival and Stress Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.632811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The link between cancer maintenance and an ability to sustain continued growth through stresses conferred by the cancer state itself is growing. However, there are significant gaps in our understanding of how this stress is managed, particularly at the level of cancer initiating cells. Here, we identify proteins comprising the dynamic, stress-adaptive ribonucleoprotein complexes known as stress granules (SG) to be enriched among the factors essential for leukemic stem cell (LSC)-driven leukemic propagation. Focusing on core SG nucleator G3BP1, we dissect the role of SGs in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), their targetability, and the mechanisms they govern to uncover a novel propensity for AML, and in particular LSC-enriched fractions, to prime the expression of SG components, form SGs with greater fidelity and to be reliant on their establishment and continued integrity for LSC maintenance. We further unveil the transcript and protein interactome of G3BP1 in the AML context and show that consolidated control of innate immune signaling, and apoptosis repression is executed through regional binding specificity of G3BP1 to highly structured 3UTRs and cooperation with the RNA helicase UPF1 to mediate transcript decay in SGs. Altogether our findings advance novel fundamental principles of stress adaptation exploited in AML and LSCs that may extend to other cancers and uncover SGs as a novel axis for therapy development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tajik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsao, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahangiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seale, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naritomi, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balde, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cathelin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chahi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCloskey, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutzen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bansal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, A. G. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kislinger, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khokha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minden, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hope, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.632811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stress Granules Underlie Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cell Survival and Stress Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.15.633240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GenVarLoader: An accelerated dataloader for applying deep learning to personalized genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.15.633240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning sequence models trained on personalized genomics can improve variant effect prediction, however, applications of these models are limited by computational requirements for storing and reading large datasets. We address this with GenVarLoader, which stores personalized genomic data in new memory-mapped formats with optimal data locality to achieve [~]1,000x faster throughput and [~]2,000x better compression compared to existing alternatives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laub, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaureguy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.15.633240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GenVarLoader: An accelerated dataloader for applying deep learning to personalized genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.16.633226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LARP6 regulates the mRNA translation of fibrogenic genes in liver fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.16.633226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic syndrome and excessive alcohol consumption result in liver injury and fibrosis, which is characterized by increased collagen production by activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs). LARP6, an RNA-binding protein, was shown to facilitate collagen production. However, LARP6 expression and functionality as a regulator of fibrosis development in a disease relevant model remains elusive. By using snRNA-sequencing, we show that LARP6 is upregulated mainly in HSCs of liver fibrosis patients. Moreover, LARP6 knockdown in human HSCs suppresses fibrogenic gene expression. By integrating eCLIP analysis and ribosome profiling in HSCs, we show that LARP6 interacts with mature mRNAs comprising over 300 genes, including RNA structural elements within COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1 to regulate mRNA expression and translation. Furthermore, LARP6 knockdown in HSC attenuates fibrosis development in human liver spheroids. Altogether, our results suggest that targeting LARP6 in human HSCs may provide new strategies for anti-fibrotic therapy.

HighlightsO_LILARP6 is upregulated in liver fibrosis, mainly in HSCs.
C_LIO_LILARP6 knockdown in human HSCs reduces liver fibrosis development.
C_LIO_LIOf the hundreds of gene targets, LARP6 interacts most with collagen mRNAs.
C_LIO_LILARP6 regulates mRNA translation via interaction with 5UTRs.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenthal, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonnalagadda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hokutan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bobkov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergienko, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanovic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kisseleva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.633226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LARP6 regulates the mRNA translation of fibrogenic genes in liver fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.632796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Periodic Obstacles Regulate Membrane Tension Propagation to Enable Localized Mechanotransduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.632796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Forces applied to cellular membranes lead to transient membrane tension gradients. The way membrane tension propagates away from the stimulus site into the membrane reservoir is a key property in cellular adaptation. However, it remains unclear how tension propagation in membranes is regulated and how it depends on the cell type. Here, we investigate plasma membrane tension propagation in cultured Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory neurons. We show that tension propagation travels quickly and is restricted to a particular distance in the neurites -- projections from the cell body of a neuron. A biophysical model of tension propagation suggests that periodic obstacle density and arrangement play key roles in controlling the propagation of mechanical information. Our experiments show that tension propagation is strongly dependent on the intact actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, whereas membrane lipid properties have minimal impact. In particular, the organization of the /{beta}-spectrin network and the MEC-2 stomatin condensates in periodic scaffold act as barriers to tension propagation, limiting the spread of tension. Our findings suggest that restricting membrane tension propagation in space and time enables precise localized signaling, allows a single neuron to process mechanical signals in multiple distinct domains, thus expanding its computational capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Catala, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanfeliu-Cerdan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krieg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.632796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Periodic Obstacles Regulate Membrane Tension Propagation to Enable Localized Mechanotransduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.16.633456v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Single-Cell Atlas of the Upper Respiratory Epithelium Reveals Heterogeneity in Cell Types and Patterning Strategies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.16.633456v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The upper respiratory tract, organized along the pharyngolaryngeal-to-tracheobronchial axis, is essential for homeostatic functions such as breathing and vocalization. The upper respiratory epithelium is frequently exposed to pollutants and pathogens, making this an area of first-line defense against respiratory injury and infection. The respiratory epithelium is composed of a rich array of specialized cell types, each with unique capabilities in immune defense and injury repair. However, the precise transcriptomic signature and spatial distribution of these cell populations, as well as potential cell subpopulations, have not been well defined. Here, using single cell RNAseq combined with spatial validation, we present a comprehensive atlas of the mouse upper respiratory epithelium. We systematically analyzed our rich RNAseq dataset of the upper respiratory epithelium to reveal 17 cell types, which we further organized into three spatially distinct compartments: the Tmprss11a+ pharyngolaryngeal, the Nkx2-1+ tracheobronchial, and the Dmbt1+ submucosal gland epithelium. We profiled/analyzed the pharyngolaryngeal epithelium, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, and identified distinct regional signatures, including a Keratin gene expression code. In profiling the tracheobronchial epithelium, which is composed of a pseudostratified epithelium-with the exception of the hillock structure-we identified that regional luminal cells, such as club cells and basal cells, show varying gradients of marker expression along the proximal-distal and/or dorsal-ventral axis. Lastly, our analysis of the submucosal gland epithelium, composed of an array of cell types, such as the unique myoepithelial cells, revealed the colorful diversity of between and within cell populations. Our single-cell atlas with spatial validation highlights the distinct transcriptional programs of the upper respiratory epithelium and serves as a valuable resource for future investigations to address how cells behave in homeostasis and pathogenesis.

Highlights- Defined three spatially distinct epithelial compartments, Tmprss11a+ pharyngolaryngeal, Nkx2-1+ tracheobronchial, and Dmbt1+ submucosal gland, comprising 17 total cell types
- Profiled Keratin gene expression code along proximal-distal and basal-luminal axes and highlighted "stress-induced" Keratins KRT6A and KRT17 at homeostasis
- Demarcated expression gradients of Scgb1a1+ and Scgb3a2+ club cells along the proximal-distal axes
- Specified submucosal gland cell heterogeneity including Nkx3-1+ mucin-producing cells, with ACTA2+ basal myoepithelial cells exhibiting gene profile for neuroimmune mediated signaling
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foote, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.16.633456</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Single-Cell Atlas of the Upper Respiratory Epithelium Reveals Heterogeneity in Cell Types and Patterning Strategies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.17.633651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Markovian State Models uncover Casein Kinase 1 dynamics that govern circadian period 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.17.633651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian rhythms in mammals are tightly regulated through phosphorylation of Period (PER) proteins by Casein Kinase 1 (CK1, subtypes {delta} and {varepsilon}). CK1 acts on at least two different regions of PER with opposing effects: phosphorylation of phosphodegron (pD) regions leads to PER degradation, while phosphorylation of the Familial Advanced Sleep Phase (FASP) region leads to PER stabilization. To investigate how substrate selectivity is encoded by the conformational dynamics of CK1, we performed a large set of independent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of wildtype CK1 and the tau mutant (R178C) that biases kinase activity toward a pD. We used Markovian State Models (MSMs) to integrate the simulations into a single model of the conformational landscape of CK1 and used Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) to build the first molecular model of CK1 and the unphosphorylated FASP motif. Together, these findings provide a mechanistic view of CK1, establishing how the activation loop acts as a key molecular switch to control substrate selectivity. We show that the tau mutant favors an alternative conformation of the activation loop and significantly accelerates the dynamics of CK1. This reshapes the binding cleft in a way that impairs FASP binding and would ultimately lead to PER destabilization and shorter circadian periods. Finally, we identified an allosteric pocket that could be targeted to bias this molecular switch. Our integrated approach offers a detailed model of CK1s conformational landscape and its relevance to normal, mutant, and druggable circadian timekeeping.

Statement of SignificanceDisruption of circadian rhythms alters the temporal orchestration of vital cellular processes and increases the propensity for sleep disorders, metabolic disease, and cancer. Circadian rhythms are generated by a vast gene expression program controlled at the cellular level by a molecular clock comprised of dedicated clock proteins. Amongst the essential protein characters is Casein kinase 1 (CK1), which acts on multiple clock protein substrates. A delicate balance of CK1 activity on these substrates is crucial for proper circadian timekeeping, highlighting CK1 as a promising drug target to tune clock timing. This work aims to identify the conformational landscape of CK1 that underlies its substrate specificity and provide molecular insight for pharmacologic development that could modulate CK1 function for those suffering from clock-related syndromes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gravina Ricci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torgrimson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeberg, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimamurthy,, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecora de Barros, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virshup, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partch, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.17.633651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Markovian State Models uncover Casein Kinase 1 dynamics that govern circadian period]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.633765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regionally specific resting-state beta neural power predicts brain injury and symptom recovery in adolescents with concussion: a longitudinal study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.633765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in adolescents. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies (primarily reporting on adult males) have demonstrated abnormal resting-state (RS) brain activity in mTBI. The present study sought to identify RS abnormalities in male and female adolescents with mTBI (no previous mTBI and no previous DSM-5 diagnosis) identified from an outpatient specialty care concussion program setting as a basis for evaluating potential clinical utility. Visit 1 MEG RS data were obtained from 46 adolescents with mTBI (mean age: 15.4 years, 25 females) within 4 months of a mTBI (mTBI acute to sub-acute period) as well as from 34 typically developing (TD) controls (mean age: 14.8 years; 17 females) identified from the local community. Visit 2 RS data (follow-up [~]4.3 months after Visit 1; mTBI sub-chronic period) were obtained from 36 mTBI (19 females) and 29 TD (14 females) of those participants. Source-space RS neural activity was examined from 4 to 56 Hz. Visit 1 t-tests showed that group differences were largest in the beta range (16-30 Hz; mTBI < TD), with Visit 2 whole-brain linear mixed model (LMM) analyses examining beta-band group differences as a function of Visit. A main effect of Group indicated Visit 1 and 2 beta-band group differences in midline superior frontal gyrus, right temporal pole, and right central sulcus (all mTBI < TD). The group effects were large (Cohens d values 0.75 to 1.31). Of clinical significance in the mTBI group, a decrease in mTBI symptoms from Visit 1 to 2 was associated with an increase in beta power in 4 other brain regions. Present findings suggest that RS beta power has potential as a measure and perhaps as a mechanism of clinical recovery in adolescents with mTBI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Edgar, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blaskey, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podolak, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, T. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arbogast, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Master, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.633765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regionally specific resting-state beta neural power predicts brain injury and symptom recovery in adolescents with concussion: a longitudinal study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic activity of Erg promotes aging of the hematopoietic system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoiesis changes to adapt to the physiology of development and aging. Temporal changes in hematopoiesis parallel age-dependent incidences of blood diseases. Several heterochronic regulators of hematopoiesis have been identified, but how the master transcription factor (TF) circuitry of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adapts over the lifespan is unknown. Here, we show that expression of the ETS family TF Erg is adult-biased, and that programmed upregulation of Erg expression during juvenile to adult aging is evolutionarily conserved and required for complete implementation of adult patterns of HSC self-renewal and myeloid, erythroid, and lymphoid differentiation. Erg deficiency maintains fetal transcriptional and epigenetic programs, and persistent juvenile phenotypes in Erg haploinsufficient mice are dependent on deregulation of the fetal-biased TF Hmga2. Finally, Erg haploinsufficiency in the adult results in fetal-like resistance to leukemogenesis. Overall, we identify a mechanism whereby HSC TF networks are rewired to specify stage-specific hematopoiesis, a finding directly relevant to age-biased blood diseases.

SUMMARYThe hematopoietic system undergoes a process of coordinated aging from the juvenile to adult states. Here, we find that expression of ETS family transcription factor Erg is temporally regulated. Impaired upregulation of Erg during the hematopoietic maturation results in persistence of juvenile phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugden, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badalamenti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues-Luiz, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Rocha, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>North, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gryder, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic activity of Erg promotes aging of the hematopoietic system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A k-mer-based maximum likelihood method for estimating distances of reads to genomes enables genome-wide phylogenetic placement. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.20.633730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparing each sequencing read in a sample to large databases of known genomes has become a fundamental tool with wide-ranging applications, including metagenomics. These comparisons can be based on read-to-genome alignment, which is relatively slow, especially if done with the high sensitivity needed to characterize queries without a close representation in the reference dataset. A more scalable alternative is assigning taxonomic labels to reads using signatures such as k-mer presence/absence. A third approach is placing reads on a reference phylogeny, which can provide a far more detailed view of the read than a single label. How-ever, phylogenetic placement is currently only possible at scale for marker genes, constituting a small fraction of the genome. No current method is able to place all reads originating from anywhere in the genome on an ultra-large reference phylogeny. In this paper, we introduce krepp, an alignment-free k-mer-based method that enables placing reads from anywhere on the genome on an ultra-large reference phylogeny by first computing a distance from each read to every reference genome. To compute these distances and placements, krepp uses a host of algorithmic techniques, including locality-sensitive hashing to allow inexact k-mer matches, k-mer coloring graphs to map k-mers to reference genomes, maximum likelihood distance estimation, and likelihood ratio test for placement. Our experiments show that krepp is extremely scalable, improving on alignment by up to roughly 10x, computes very accurate distances that approximate those using alignments, and produces highly accurate placements. When used in the metagenomics context, the precise phylogenetic identifications provided by krepp improve our ability to compare and differentiate samples from different environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sapci, A. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.20.633730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A k-mer-based maximum likelihood method for estimating distances of reads to genomes enables genome-wide phylogenetic placement.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.633938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Machinery to Enable Site-Specific Integration of CFTR and Mutation-Agnostic Disease Rescue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.22.633938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the engineering of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to transport CRISPR/Cas9 payloads, including double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) donor templates, designed for homology directed repair (HDR)-mediated site-specific insertion of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene to correct cystic fibrosis (CF) in diseased airway epithelium. We screened various nanoparticle formulations, adjusting ratios of Cas9-encoding mRNA, single guide RNAs (sgRNAs), and dsDNA donor templates to optimize gene editing using human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) harboring a CF-causing mutation (G542X). Populations of G542X cells edited via LNP delivery of CFTR donors achieved 3 - 3.5% gene integration and yielded comparable CFTR protein expression compared to normal 16HBE14o- controls. These edited populations exhibit restoration of CFTR-dependent Cl- current to ca. 80% of values measured in normal 16HBE14o- cell monolayers. This LNP platform adds capabilities for transporting large gene editing machinery to airway epithelial cells for genomic integration of entire genes, enabling therapeutic solutions that achieve correction of any CF-causing mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foley, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayoub, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanoyca, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathrop, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coote, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Illek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomperts, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonas, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.22.633938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Machinery to Enable Site-Specific Integration of CFTR and Mutation-Agnostic Disease Rescue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.24.634694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Path of differentiation defines human macrophage identity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.24.634694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages play central roles in immunity, wound healing, and homeostasis - a functional diversity that is underpinned by varying developmental origins. The impact of ontogeny on properties of human macrophages is inadequately understood. We demonstrate that definitive human fetal liver (HFL) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess two divergent paths of macrophage specification that lead to distinct identities. The monocyte-dependent pathway exists in both prenatal and postnatal hematopoiesis and generates macrophages with adult-like responses properties. We now uncover a fetal-specific pathway of expedited differentiation that generates tissue resident-like macrophages (TRMs) that retain HSC-like self-renewal programs governed by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). We show that AHR antagonism promotes TRM expansion and mitigates inflammation in models of atopic dermatitis (AD). Overall, we directly connect path of differentiation with functional properties of macrophages and identify an approach to promote selective expansion of TRMs with direct relevance to inflammation and diseases of macrophage dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frenis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badalamenti, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamigonian, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierstein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cote, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lummertz da Rocha, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowe, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.24.634694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Path of differentiation defines human macrophage identity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Diverse Genetic Basis for Metabolic Reactions is Revealed Through Pangenome analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.23.634541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequenced genomes for thousands of strains of a bacterial species allow for a comprehensive analysis of its pangenome. We present a pangenome study of Escherichia colis metabolism by formulating  gene-to-protein-to-reaction associations (GPRs) for about 2,700 metabolic reactions in 2,377 fully sequenced strains. On one hand, these GPRs reconstruct strain-specific networks that allow computational predictions (and experimental validation) of metabolic phenotypes, while on the other hand, they give the genetic basis for a given metabolic reaction in every strain. A pangenome-wide analysis of GPRs shows that: 1) We can reveal the genetic basis for a specific metabolic property at the species level; 2) The genetic basis for many metabolic reactions is diverse; 3) Many rare genes show variation in the genes genomic neighborhood which often contain genes from transposable elements, 4) Many rare genes show large-scale fragmentation and horizontal gene transfer (>11,000 rare genes in 2,377 strains); and 5) The aromatic amino acids and branched chain amino acids pathways are enriched with rare genes, with Acetolactate synthase having 29 distinct genes. Thus, analysis of GPRs across the pangenome reveals a complex dynamic evolutionary history of metabolism, revealing the role of conserved, fragmented, and horizontally transferred metabolic genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ardalani, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phaneuf, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.23.634541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Diverse Genetic Basis for Metabolic Reactions is Revealed Through Pangenome analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.27.635041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A brainstem map of orofacial rhythms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.27.635041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhythmic orofacial movements, such as eating, drinking, or vocalization, are controlled by distinct premotor oscillator networks in the brainstem. Orofacial movements must be coordinated with rhythmic breathing to avoid aspiration and because they share muscles. Understanding how brainstem circuits coordinate rhythmic motor programs requires neurophysiological measurements in behaving animals. We used Neuropixels probe recordings to map brainstem neural activity related to breathing, licking, and swallowing in mice drinking water. Breathing and licking rhythms were tightly coordinated and phase-locked, whereas intermittent swallowing paused breathing and licking. Multiple clusters of neurons, each recruited during different orofacial rhythms, delineated a lingual premotor network in the intermediate nucleus of the reticular formation (IRN). Local optogenetic perturbation experiments identified a region in the IRN where constant stimulation can drive sustained rhythmic licking, consistent with a central pattern generator for licking. Stimulation to artificially induce licking showed that coupled brainstem oscillators autonomously coordinated licking and breathing. The brainstem oscillators were further patterned by descending inputs at moments of licking initiation. Our results reveal the logic governing interactions of orofacial rhythms during behavior and outline their neural circuit dynamics, providing a model for dissecting multi-oscillator systems controlling rhythmic motor programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaku, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finkelstein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tipparaju, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.27.635041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A brainstem map of orofacial rhythms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.636313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mental exploration of future choices during immobility theta oscillations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.636313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mental exploration enables flexible evaluation of potential future choices, guiding decision-making without requiring direct real-world iterations. Although the hippocampus is known to be active while imagining the future, the precise mechanisms that support mental exploration of future choices remain unclear. In the hippocampus, the theta rhythm (4-12 Hz) is prevalent during movement and supports memory coding during real-world exploration by organizing neuronal activity patterns into short virtual path segments (theta sequences) around the rats location. We observed these theta-related neural activity patterns during movement in a hippocampus-dependent working memory task and also, unexpectedly, theta oscillations and theta-related neural activity during immobility. Compared to standard theta sequences during movement, theta sequences during immobility differed in that they occurred at a shifted theta phase and preferentially represented remote locations, in particular the next choice in the working memory task. Coding for future locations was also observed during awake sharp wave ripple, but these short-lasting events occurred rarely and were biased toward frequently visited locations. Therefore, our findings suggest that recurring bouts of theta oscillations during immobility, which are also observed in primates and humans, support the cognitive demands of mental exploration in the hippocampal network and facilitate ongoing predictions of future choices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leutgeb, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.03.636313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mental exploration of future choices during immobility theta oscillations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.636356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A CD25-CCR7 complex initiates non-canonical IL-2 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.03.636356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IL-2, a central regulator of immune function, binds to its receptor subunit CD25 (IL-2R), promoting IL-2 interaction with {beta} and {gamma} subunits to trigger the canonical IL-2 signaling pathway. An anti-mouse CD25 antibody, PC61, triggers alternative IL-2 signaling, leading to integrin activation. PC61 induces a complex formed by the IL-2-dependent association of CD25 with CCR7, suggesting that the formation of this complex initiates alternative IL-2 signaling. Here, we used structure-based design together with combinatorial screening to identify an IL-2 mutant (denoted IL-2(E52K)) that spares canonical IL-2 signaling but disrupts both PC61-induced complex formation and integrin activation while retaining the full CD25 affinity of the parent molecule. We also report that heparan sulfate (HS), a physiological ligand of IL-2 that triggers alternative signaling, induced IL-2-dependent CD25-CCR7 association, whereas IL-2(E52K) failed to support both HS-induced CD25-CCR7 complex formation and integrin activation. Thus, both anti-CD25 antibody and HS require common features of IL-2 needed for CD25-CCR7 complex assembly and resulting integrin activation. Collectively, these data show that IL-2 promotes CD25 interaction with CCR7, thereby forming the signal initiating complex. Furthermore, canonical and alternative IL-2 signaling can be decoupled by an IL-2 mutation, creating a tool to specify the biological role of alternative IL-2 signaling in immune responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spangler, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.03.636356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A CD25-CCR7 complex initiates non-canonical IL-2 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.01.636064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing the three-dimensional architecture of extrachromosomal DNA with ec3D 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.01.636064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are large, acentric, circular DNA molecules that occur pervasively across many human cancers. EcDNA can drive tumor formation and evolution, contribute to drug resistance, and associate with poor patient survival outcomes. Beyond mediating high copy numbers, the circular topology and dynamic conformational changes of ecDNA disrupt topological domains and rewire regulatory networks, thereby conferring an important role in the transcriptional regulation of oncogenes. Here, we develop ec3D, a computational method for reconstructing the three-dimensional structures of ecDNA and analyzing significant interactions from high-throughput chromatin capture (Hi-C) data. Given a candidate ecDNA sequence and the corresponding whole-genome Hi-C as input, ec3D reconstructs the spatial structure of ecDNA by maximizing the Poisson likelihood of observed interactions. Ec3Ds performance was validated using both simulated ecDNA structures with varying conformations and Hi-C data from previously-characterized cancer cell lines. Our reconstructions reveal that ecDNAs occupy spherical configurations and mediate unique long-range interactions involved in gene regulation. Through algorithmic innovations, ec3D can resolve complex ecDNA structures with duplicated genomic segments, identify multi-way interactions, and distinguish between interactions arising from direct spatial proximity and secondary interactions resulting from alternative folding patterns or intermolecular (trans) contacts of ecDNA molecules. Our findings provide insights into how the spatial organization of ecDNA may influence gene regulation and contribute to increased oncogene expression.

Code availabilityhttps://github.com/AmpliconSuite/ec3D
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chowdhury, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henssen, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.01.636064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing the three-dimensional architecture of extrachromosomal DNA with ec3D]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drosophila embryo cellularization is modulated by the viscoelastic dynamics of cortical-membrane interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.07.637185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1The generation of an epithelial sheet transforms fruit fly embryos from a single syncytial cell directly into a tissue. For this to happen, the apical microvillus membrane is pulled between peripherally anchored nuclei in a process known as furrow invagination. Experimental measurements of furrow invagination velocities have shown that the rate of invagination undergoes slow-to-fast and fast-to-stalled velocity transitions during the formation of individual cells. The causes of such changes are due to multiple intersecting mechanisms and molecular components, including motor proteins, microtubules, and F-actin. In this work, we develop a continuum model to describe the dynamics of furrow invagination. Our model is constrained by previously published experimental data and considers the roles of cytoskeletal forces, cytoplasmic drag, motor protein forces, and membrane tension. We find that the viscous forces produced by the cytoskeleton sliding beneath the plasma membrane dictates furrow velocity. We propose that the slow phase is slow because there is a high density of microvilli, which increases the number of viscous contact points between the plasma membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton. This in turn, results in a higher resistance to furrow invagination. We predict that the fast phase may benefit from fewer cytoskeleton-to-plasma membrane contact points, thus reducing viscous forces and promoting the slow-to-fast switch. Then, we use perturbation and loss-of-function simulations to show that microvillus and sub-apical membrane reservoirs are vital to setting furrow invagination dynamics. This work demonstrates how coupling between the cytoskeleton, the plasma membrane, and distinct membrane reservoirs affects the plasticity and dynamics of cellularization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stark, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonilla-Quintana, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokac, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.07.637185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drosophila embryo cellularization is modulated by the viscoelastic dynamics of cortical-membrane interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cystinosin is involved in Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 trafficking in the proximal tubular cells: new insights in the renal Fanconi syndrome in cystinosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cystinosis is a systemic lysosomal storage disease resulting from a defective CTNS gene, leading to the accumulation of cystine in all organs. Despite the ubiquitous expression of cystinosin, the renal Fanconi syndrome (FS) is the first manifestation of cystinosis that presents early in life of the patients while other complications appear years later. Additionally, the cystine reduction therapy, cysteamine, does not prevent the FS. While the matter is still unresolved, it is apparent that specific function(s) of cystinosin in the proximal tubular cells (PTCs) beyond cystine transport explain the early tubular defects in cystinosis. Here, we report a novel interaction of cystinosin with the sodium/hydrogen (Na+/H+) exchanger proteins in the endosomes in both yeast and mammalian cells. One isoform of Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE3, is a major absorptive sodium transporter at the apical membrane of the proximal tubules. Cystinosin was found to play a significant role in NHE3 subcellular localization, trafficking, and resulting sodium uptake in PTCs. Interestingly, introduction of CTNS successfully rescued these defects in CTNS-deficient PTCs, whereas CTNS-LKG, the lysosomal and plasma membrane isoform of cystinosin, did not. NHE3 mislocalization was confirmed in Ctns-/- mice and cystinosis patient kidney. Interestingly, transplantation of wild-type hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in Ctns-/- mice restored NHE3 expression at the brush border membrane. This study uncovers a new role of cystinosin in the trafficking of NHE3 in the PTCs that is evolutionary conserved, offering new insights in the pathogenesis of the renal FS in cystinosis and potential new therapeutic avenue for this pathology.

SignificanceThis study reveals a new role of cystinosin in the trafficking of NHE3, the Na+/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubular cells (PTCs) in the kidney. NHE3 contributes to the majority of renal sodium absorption and is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the PTCs. Thus, this study offers new molecular insights in the endosomal trafficking of NHE3 and provides a new mechanism that may explain the underlying pathogenesis and early onset of the renal Fanconi syndrome in cystinosis. Additionally, these findings provide potential new drug targets for this pathology and are also relevant to our ongoing stem cell gene therapy clinical trial for cystinosis, offering valuable information on the potential impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on renal Fanconi syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khare, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farre, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocca, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kbaich, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biederman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grau, R. A. B.-</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivakumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catz, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherqui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cystinosin is involved in Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 trafficking in the proximal tubular cells: new insights in the renal Fanconi syndrome in cystinosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A subset of conserved phagocytic genes are likely used for the intracellular theft of cnidarian stinging organelles in nudibranch gastropods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.13.637864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPhagocytosis is a universal physiological process in eukaryotes with many important biological functions. In nudibranch gastropods, a novel form of phagocytosis called nematocyst sequestration is specialized for the uptake of venomous stinging organelles stolen from their cnidarian prey. This process is highly selective. Here we use the emerging model nudibranch species Berghia stephanieae and Hermissenda opalescens to identify genes enriched within the body regions where nematocyst sequestration occurs, and investigate how the expression profile of phagocytosis, immune, and digestive genes differs between nematocyst sequestering regions relative to those where other phagocytic functions occur.

ResultsWe identified 166 genes with significantly higher expression in sequestering regions in B. stephanieae, including genes associated with development, membrane transport, and metabolism. Of these, 41 overlap with transcripts upregulated in H. opalescens sequestering tissues. Using Hybridization Chain Reaction in situs, we show that at least two of these genes were localized to sequestering cells in B. stephanieae, including a putative C-type lectin receptor and a collagen. Genes annotated with phagocytosis, digestion, or immunity GO terms were often expressed in both sequestering and non-sequestering tissues, suggesting that they may also play a role in sequestration processes.

ConclusionOur results suggest that phagocytosis genes likely play a role in the sequestration phenotype, and that a small subset of genes (e.g., collagen) may play unique functions yet to be uncovered. However, we also show that genes categorized in GO terms related to endocytosis, immunity, and digestion show a clear decrease in overall expression in sequestering tissues. This study lays the foundation for further inquiry into mechanisms of organelle sequestration in nudibranchs and other organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiorenza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Anido, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrlinger, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarvin, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.13.637864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A subset of conserved phagocytic genes are likely used for the intracellular theft of cnidarian stinging organelles in nudibranch gastropods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.15.638428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Joint linear modeling of transcriptomics and proteomics is predictive of cancer metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.15.638428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal of conducting omics measurements is to understand how molecular features inform higher-order cell- and tissue-level phenotypes. In particular, multi-omics offers insights into how information encoded by the genome is coordinated through biological layers, resulting in functional outputs1. Due to myriad post-transcriptional regulatory processes, the coordination between mRNA and protein cannot be simply reduced to gene-wise correlation. Yet, both modalities have been shown to serve as representations of biological state, and multi-omics integration has been used to improve these representations. Multi-omics approaches typically do not focus on how mRNA and protein features coordinate, but rather use the additional information for improved prediction or feature selection. Here, instead, we showed that standard linear machine learning models provide an understanding of transcriptomic and proteomic coordination in the context of a biological phenotype of interest, in this case cancer metastasis. We find that, in the context of metastasis, a select subset of proteomic features--reflecting a more concentrated signal relative to the broadly distributed transcriptomic signal--offers additional information to that encoded by transcriptomics, as demonstrated by improved model performance when integrating the two modalities and the relative feature importance of proteomics. Top features show a depletion of gene-product overlap across modalities, indicating that the model primarily leverages instances in which the two modalities are providing complementary information with respect to phenotype. However, in instances when both modalities are selected for a given gene product, there is high information consistency that synergistically bolsters phenotype prediction. Altogether, by using model fits that relate both modalities to phenotype, we observe a nuanced coordination of protein and mRNA, in which both modalities tend to provide consistent information about phenotype, yet benefits remain to incorporating a combination of both complementary and reinforcing signals across modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meimetis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begzati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagar, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghdassarian, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.15.638428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Joint linear modeling of transcriptomics and proteomics is predictive of cancer metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.20.639320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Species tree branch length estimation despite incomplete lineage sorting, duplication, and loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.20.639320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phylogenetic branch lengths are essential for many analyses, such as estimating divergence times, analyzing rate changes, and studying adaptation. However, true gene tree heterogeneity due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), gene duplication and loss (GDL), and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can complicate the estimation of species tree branch lengths. While several tools exist for estimating the topology of a species tree addressing various causes of gene tree discordance, much less attention has been paid to branch length estimation on multi-locus datasets. For single-copy gene trees, some methods are available that summarize gene tree branch lengths onto a species tree, including coalescent-based methods that account for heterogeneity due to ILS. However, no such branch length estimation method exists for multi-copy gene family trees that have evolved with gene duplication and loss. To address this gap, we introduce the CASTLES-Pro algorithm for estimating species tree branch lengths while accounting for both GDL and ILS. CASTLES-Pro improves on the existing coalescent-based branch length estimation method CASTLES by increasing its accuracy for single-copy gene trees and extends it to handle multi-copy ones. Our simulation studies show that CASTLES-Pro is generally more accurate than alternatives, eliminating the systematic bias toward overestimating terminal branch lengths often observed when using concatenation. Moreover, while not theoretically designed for HGT, we show that CASTLES-Pro maintains relatively high accuracy under high rates of random HGT.

Code availabilityCASTLES-Pro is implemented inside the software package ASTER, available at https://github.com/chaoszhang/ASTER.

Data availabilityThe datasets and scripts used in this study are available at https://github.com/ytabatabaee/CASTLES-Pro-paper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tabatabaee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arasti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.20.639320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Species tree branch length estimation despite incomplete lineage sorting, duplication, and loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synergistic RAS-MAPK and AKT Activation in MYC-Driven Tumors via Adjacent PVT1 Rearrangements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MYC-driven (MYC+) cancers are aggressive and often fatal. MYC dysregulation is a key event in these cancers, but overexpression of MYC alone is not always enough to cause cancer. Plasmocytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) adjacent to MYC on chromosome 8 is a rearrangement hotspot in many MYC+ cancers. In addition to being co-amplified with MYC, the genomic rearrangement at PVT1 involves translocation, which has had obscure functional consequences. We report that translocation at the PVT1 locus cause asymmetric enrichment of 5-PVT1 and loss of 3-PVT1. Despite being classified as a non-coding RNA, the retained 5 region of PVT1 generates a circular RNA (CircPVT1) that codes for the novel peptide we call Firefox (FFX). FFX augments AKT signaling and synergistically activates MYC and mTORC1 in these cells. Further, the 3 end of PVT1, which is lost during the translocation, codes for a tumor-suppressing micropeptide we named as Honeybadger (HNB). We demonstrate that HNB interacts with KRAS and disrupts the activation of KRAS effectors. Loss of HNB leads to activation of RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, and enhances MYC stability by promoting phosphorylation of MYC at Ser62. These findings identify PVT1 as a critical node that synchronizes MYC, AKT, and RAS-MAPK activities in cancer. Our study thus identifies a key mechanism by which rearrangements at the PVT1 locus activate additional oncogenic pathways that synergize with MYC to exacerbate the aggressiveness of MYC+ cancers. This newfound understanding explains the poor prognosis associated with MYC+ cancers and offers potential therapeutic targets that could be leveraged in treatment strategies for these cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paithane, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedlein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tashiro, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saulnier, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakashima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bobkov, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujimoto, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraswat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarmashghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masihi, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemmati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrikse, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisemann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzaridis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varshney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konety, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehm, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakami, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beroukhim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Largaespada, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bag</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.17.638454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synergistic RAS-MAPK and AKT Activation in MYC-Driven Tumors via Adjacent PVT1 Rearrangements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.07.642081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
D614G reshapes allosteric networks and opening mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 spikes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.07.642081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein binds human epithelial cells and enables infection through a key conformational transition that exposes its receptor binding domain (RBD). Experimental evidence indicates that spike mutations, particularly the early D614G variant, alter the rate of this conformational shift, potentially increasing viral infectivity. To investigate how mutations reshape the conformational landscape, we conducted extensive weighted ensemble simulations of the Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 spike strains along the RBD opening pathway. We observe that Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 spike RBDs open differently, with Omicron BA.1 following a more direct opening profile until it reaches a "super-open" state wherein it begins to "peel", suggesting increased S1 flexibility. Via dynamical network analysis, we identified two allosteric communication networks uniting all S1 domains: the established N2R linker and a newly discovered anti-parallel R2N linker. In Delta and Omicron BA.1 variant spikes, RBD opening is facilitated by both linkers, while the Ancestral strain relies predominantly on the N2R linker. In the ancestral spike, the D614-K854 salt bridge impedes allosteric communication through the R2N linker, whereas the loss of this salt bridge in all subsequent VOCs alleviates local frustration and, we believe, accelerates RBD opening. Hydrogen-deuterium mass spectrometry experiments validate these altered dynamics in the D614 region across Ancestral, D614G, and Omicron BA.1 spikes. This study unveils a  hidden allosteric network, connecting the NTD to the RBD via the 614-proximal region, and the D614G mutation reshapes the fitness landscape of these critical viral glycoproteins.

Significance StatementOur work reveals how the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reshapes its internal communication pathways and speeds up receptor binding domain (RBD) opening, providing mechanistic insight into the evolution and enhanced infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. We also describe differences in opening pathways and relative rates of opening for Delta and Omicron BA.1 spike RBDs relative to the original (Ancestral) coronavirus strain from Wuhan, China.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo-Tussell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braza, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gramm, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braet, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajapaksha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.07.642081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[D614G reshapes allosteric networks and opening mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 spikes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Mechanisms Linking Global Maps to First-Person Perspectives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans and many animals possess the remarkable ability to navigate environments by seamlessly switching between first-person perspectives (FPP) and global map perspectives (GMP). However, the neural mechanisms that underlie this transformation remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a variational autoencoder (VAE) model, enhanced with recurrent neural networks (RNNs), to investigate the computational principles behind perspective transformations. Our results reveal that temporal sequence modeling is crucial for maintaining spatial continuity and improving transformation accuracy when switching between FPPs and GMPs. The models latent variables capture many representational forms seen in the distributed cognitive maps of the mammalian brain, such as head direction cells, place cells, corner cells, and border cells, but notably not grid cells, suggesting that perspective transformation engages multiple brain regions beyond the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that landmark encoding, particularly proximal environmental cues such as boundaries and objects, play a critical role in enabling successful perspective shifts, whereas distal cues are less influential. These insights on perspective linking provide a new computational framework for understanding spatial cognition and offer valuable directions for future animal and human studies, highlighting the significance of temporal sequences, distributed representations, and proximal cues in navigating complex environments.

Significance StatementUnderstanding how the brain transforms between different spatial perspectives is crucial for advancing our knowledge of spatial cognition and navigation. This study presents a novel computational approach that bridges the gap between neural recordings and behavior, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms of perspective transformation. Our findings suggest how the brain integrates temporal sequences, distributed representations, and environmental cues to maintain a coherent sense of space. By demonstrating the importance of proximal cues and temporal context, our computational model provides testable predictions for future neurophysiological studies in humans and animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lui, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrastil, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitz, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krichmar, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.03.641106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Mechanisms Linking Global Maps to First-Person Perspectives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641950v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Obesity Increases Atherosclerosis Susceptibility via Inter-tissue miR-30e-SLC7A11 Axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.06.641950v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWith obesity as a risk factor for atherosclerotic disease, recent research suggests that adipose tissue in obese animal models and humans can generate endocrine-like molecules that affect arterial health later on. Previous studies showed that microRNA-30e (miR-30e) level is elevated in atherosclerosis and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), a cystine/glutamate transporter, is involved in atherogenesis. However, whether an endocrine-like link between the adipose-derived miR-30e-5p and SLC7A11 in the vascular endothelium can lead to obesity-caused atherosclerosis is unknown.

MethodsMiRNA data mining and RT-PCR validations were used to demonstrate the positive association among serum level of miR-30e-5p, obesity, and coronary arterial disease in human patients. Transcriptomics (RNA-seq and single-nucleus RNA-seq), metabolomics, and in silico analysis were used to establish a miR-30e-5p-SLC7A11 regulation of central carbon metabolism, mitochondrial and endothelial cell (EC) function. Mouse models with EC-specific Slc7a11 knockout (EC-Slc7a11-/-) and gain or loss of function of miR-30e-5p were used to elucidate the detrimental role of this endocrine-like axis in obesity-related atherosclerosis.

ResultsThe level of adipocyte-derived miR-30e-5p was significantly upregulated in obese humans with coronary artery disease and obese and atherosclerotic mice. Via serum exosomes, the adipocyte-generated miR-30e-5p targeted SLC7A11 mRNA in vascular ECs. SLC7A11 deficiency due to miR-30e-5p targeting dysregulated glutamate/cystine metabolism increased glycolysis, reduced oxidative phosphorylation, and impaired mitochondrial function. The EC dysfunction could be rectified by SLC7A11 overexpression or miR-30e-5p antagonism. Exogenously delivered miR-30e-5p phenocopied the increased atherosclerosis in EC-Slc7a11-/- mice. In contrast, miR-30e-5p antagomir treatment reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- and ob/ob mice.

ConclusionOur multi-omics approaches demonstrates that the adipose-derived miR-30e-5p downregulated SLC7A11 mRNA in ECs via tissue crosstalk. The resulting EC dysfunction led to obesity-related atherosclerosis in mice. These findings underscore a causality between obesity and atherosclerosis in the context of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>She, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.06.641950</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Obesity Increases Atherosclerosis Susceptibility via Inter-tissue miR-30e-SLC7A11 Axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glassy Adhesion Dynamics Govern Transitions Between Sub-Diffusive and Super-Diffusive Cell Migration on Viscoelastic Substrates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell migration is pivotal in cancer metastasis, where cells navigate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and invade distant tissues. While the ECM is viscoelastic--exhibiting time-dependent stress relaxation--its influence on cell migration remains poorly understood. Here, we employ an integrated experimental and modeling approach to investigate filopodial cancer cell migration on viscoelastic substrates and uncover a striking transition from sub-diffusive to super-diffusive behavior driven by the substrates viscous relaxation timescale. Conventional motor-clutch based migration models fail to capture these anomalous migration modes, as they overlook the complex adhesion dynamics shaped by broad distribution of adhesion lifetimes. To address this, we develop a glassy motor-clutch model that incorporates the rugged energy landscape of adhesion clusters, where multiple metastable states yield long-tailed adhesion timescales. Our model reveals that migration dynamics are governed by the interplay between cellular and substrate timescales: slow-relaxing substrates prolong trapping, leading to sub-diffusion, while fast-relaxing substrates promote larger steps limiting trapping, leading to super-diffusion. Additionally, we uncover the role of actin polymerization and contractility in modulating adhesion dynamics and driving anomalous migration. These findings establish a mechanistic framework linking substrate viscoelasticity to cell motility, with implications for metastasis and cancer progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adebowale, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhuri, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glassy Adhesion Dynamics Govern Transitions Between Sub-Diffusive and Super-Diffusive Cell Migration on Viscoelastic Substrates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Silencing KRIT1 Partially Reverses the Effects of Disturbed Flow onThe Endothelial Cell Transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEndothelial cells respond to forces generated by laminar blood flow with changes in vasodilation, anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, or anti-inflammatory functions which preserve vessel patency. These responses to flow sheer stress are primarily mediated by the modulation of transcription factors Kruppel-like factors 2 and 4 (KLF2 and KLF4). Notably, disturbed flow patterns, which are found in vascular areas predisposed to atherosclerosis, significantly reduce the endothelial expression of KLF2 and KLF4, resulting in changes in the transcriptome that exacerbate inflammation and thrombosis. The endothelial CCM complex, comprising KRIT1, CCM2, and CCM3, suppresses the expression of KLF2 and KLF4. Loss of function of the CCM complex has recently been suggested to protect from coronary atherosclerosis in humans. We thus hypothesized that silencing of KRIT1, the central scaffold of the CCM complex, can normalize the atherogenic effects of disturbed flow on the human endothelial transcriptome

MethodsBulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after the expression of KRIT1 was silenced using specific siRNAs. The endothelial cells were exposed to three different conditions for 24 hours: pulsatile shear stress (laminar flow), oscillatory shear stress (disturbed flow), and static conditions (no flow).

ResultsWe found that silencing KRIT1 expression in HUVECs restored the expression of the transcription factors KLF2 and KLF4 under oscillatory shear stress. This treatment resulted in a transcriptomic profile similar to that of endothelial cells under pulsatile shear stress. These findings suggest that inhibition of the CCM complex in endothelium plays a vasoprotective role by reactivating a protective gene program to help endothelial cells resist disturbed blood flow.

ConclusionsTargeting CCM genes can activate well-known vasoprotective gene programs that enhance endothelial resilience to inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis under disturbed flow conditions, providing a novel pathway for preventing atherosclerosis.

Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=127 SRC="FIGDIR/small/642862v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a20119org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f62f68org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a26d71org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bf3c82_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Endothelial cells respond to blood flow by expressing transcription factors such as Kruppel-Like Factors 2 and 4 (KLF2 and KLF4). Under oscillatory shear stress (OS) conditions, characterized by disturbed flow, KLF2 and KLF4 are suppressed in endothelial cells, which is linked to an atheroprone gene program that includes increased inflammation and risk of atherosclerosis (unhealthy endothelium). Our work shows that silencing of endothelial KRIT1 under OS increases expression of KLF2 and KLF4 mRNA levels as well as the expression of a protective gene program associated with resilience to inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis, similar to those observed under pulsatile shear stress conditions (healthy endothelium).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meecham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCurdy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frias-Anaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego-Gutierrez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngyuen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi-Shuan Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Silencing KRIT1 Partially Reverses the Effects of Disturbed Flow onThe Endothelial Cell Transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.642450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aerobicity stimulon in Escherichia coli revealed using multi-scale computational systems biology of adapted respiratory variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.642450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Energy homeostasis facilitated by the interplay of substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation is crucial for bacterial adaptation to diverse substrates and environments. To investigate how bioenergetic systems optimize under restrictive conditions, we evolved ETS variants with distinct proton-pumping efficiencies (1, 2, 3, or 4 proton(s) per electron) on succinate and glycerol. These substrates impose unique metabolic constraints: succinate requires complete gluconeogenesis, while glycerol supports mixed glycolytic and gluconeogenic fluxes. Multi-scale computational analysis of the strains revealed (a) Growth optimization across carbon substrates for multiple ETS variants, (b) A conserved aerobicity stimulon comprising seven independently regulated gene groups that are co-regulated with increasing aerobic capacities, (c) Proteome reallocation linked to aerobicity, validated using genome-scale metabolism and expression modeling, and (d) Carbon source-specific compensatory mutations in succinate transporters and regulatory elements. These findings define the aerobicity stimulon and establish a unifying framework for understanding bacterial respiratory flexibility, demonstrating how transcriptional networks and metabolic systems integrate to achieve energy homeostasis and bioenergetic resilience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banwani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mink, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prabhakaran, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khairnar, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.13.642450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aerobicity stimulon in Escherichia coli revealed using multi-scale computational systems biology of adapted respiratory variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.642658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bifunctional Phagocytic Synapse Enhancers for Cancer Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.13.642658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy profoundly impacted cancer treatments by harnessing the patients immune system. Phagocytosis, the process whereby immune cells engulf and destroy foreign particles or cells, plays a critical role in tumour cell clearance. Herein, we introduce a novel concept termed "ENPHASYS" - Enhancement of Phagocytic Synapses - designed to direct and amplify phagocytosis of cancer cells using heterobifunctional molecules named phagocytic synapse enhancers (PSEs). By engineering a de novo PD-L1 binder linked to a natural phagocytosis promoting peptide, tuftsin, the resulting PSE combines PD-L1 blockade with enhanced tumour cell phagocytosis; in addition, the PSEs induce macrophages to internalize a membrane or extracellular target. Intratumoural treatment of colorectal carcinoma- or glioblastoma-burdened immunocompetent animals resulted in beneficial overall survival, delayed tumour growth and a potent antitumor response driven by T-cell activation and TAM reprogramming, underpinning the translational relevance of ENPHASYS.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=118 SRC="FIGDIR/small/642658v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1673fd4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18fa319org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11cf680org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7b8784_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sabatino, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleisch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muller, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labao-Almeida, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khaw, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shome, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabeza-Cabrerizo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohm, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reijmers, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaymak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerster, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fior, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardes, G. J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.13.642658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bifunctional Phagocytic Synapse Enhancers for Cancer Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic risk in endolysosomal network genes correlates with endolysosomal dysfunction across neural cell types in Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.16.643481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Late-onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD) has a complex genomic architecture. LOAD risk variants suggest multiple pathways, including the endolysosomal network (ELN), contribute to the pathobiology of Alzheimers disease (AD). Whether genetic risk in specific pathways correlates with corresponding biological dysfunction remains largely unknown. We developed an endolysosomal pathway-specific polygenic risk score (ePRS) using 14 well-established AD risk alleles implicating ELN genes. We investigated the association between ePRS and AD neuropathology, then examined cell-specific endolysosomal morphology and transcriptomic profiles in post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex samples from donors stratified by ePRS burden. We found that the ePRS was significantly associated with AD diagnosis and neuropathological measures, comparable to a pathway-agnostic PRS despite representing far fewer loci. High ePRS correlated with increased neuronal endosome volume, number and perinuclear aggregation independent of AD pathology. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed cell type-specific transcriptomic changes associated with ePRS status, influencing glutamatergic signaling, protein homeostasis, responses to DNA damage and immune function. Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia each showed varied gene expression patterns associated with ePRS burden. Together, these results provide evidence that AD genetic risk variants harboring ELN genes correlate with endolysosomal dysfunction in human brain tissue. These findings suggest that pathway-specific genetic risk contributes to corresponding cellular pathology in AD and nominates candidate mechanisms by which ELN AD variants contribute to pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prater, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cochoit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strohbehn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolf, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garden, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayadev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.16.643481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic risk in endolysosomal network genes correlates with endolysosomal dysfunction across neural cell types in Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational Analysis of Threonine Ladders on Distinct Beta-Solenoid Scaffolds, with Implications for the Design of Novel Antifreeze Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold-adapted organisms frequently express antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that facilitate their survival at low temperatures, with some especially potent insect AFPs exhibiting beta-solenoid structures with ice-binding threonine ladders. Beta-solenoids exist in nature in numerous forms and emerging protein design technologies may afford opportunities to diversify them further, suggesting the possibility of developing a variety of new AFPs by installing a threonine ladder on non-AFP natural or designed beta-solenoids. However, early attempts at such engineering, combined with differences observed between AFPs and structurally similar ice-nucleating proteins, have raised a critical question: Will a threonine ladder show essentially the same behavior regardless of the beta-solenoid scaffold that hosts it, or does the specific solenoid scaffold significantly affect a threonine ladders structural characteristics (and thus potentially alter its suitability for ice binding)? We set out to address this question by creating distinct variants of a simplified model beta-solenoid for in silico analysis via structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings indicate that local structural details such as the distance between the hydroxyl groups of adjacent threonines in a TXT motif can vary depending on the beta-solenoid scaffold. In the most extreme example among our model solenoids, we observed in simulations that differences in only inward-facing residues of the scaffold were sufficient to influence the presence of ordered channel waters between the threonines, a noted feature of natural ice-binding threonine surfaces such as that of TmAFP. While additional studies will be necessary to expand on how such distinctions affect activity, these results emphasize that the impact of a particular beta-solenoid scaffold on the local geometry of a threonine ladder may be a pertinent consideration in future efforts to design novel hyperactive AFPs to support applications ranging from biomedical cryopreservation to food science. We conclude our present investigation with a preliminary exploration of how this and other considerations manifest in a proposed workflow for generating predicted AFP-like beta-solenoids using AlphaFold and ProteinMPNN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calia, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paesani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.644030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational Analysis of Threonine Ladders on Distinct Beta-Solenoid Scaffolds, with Implications for the Design of Novel Antifreeze Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uncoupling overeating and fat storage by modulation of different serotonergic receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychotropic drugs such as antipsychotics improve symptoms of psychiatric disorders. However, they are associated with severe metabolic side effects that remodel energy balance, resulting in weight gain and increased food intake (hyperphagia). Here, we compare how antipsychotics and exogenous serotonin induce hyperphagia by remodeling energy balance. We find that the ability of serotonin and antipsychotics to remodel energy balance strictly depends on the serotonergic receptors SER-7 and SER-5, respectively. While both molecules induce hyperphagia, serotonin does so by increasing energy expenditure and reducing fat stores. In contrast, antipsychotics block the inhibitory effect of fat storage on feeding, thereby inducing hyperphagia and increasing fat stores. Thus, it is possible to manipulate energy balance to induce hyperphagia while either increasing or decreasing fat storage. Inactivation of the germline remodels energy balance similar to antipsychotic treatment, promoting hyperphagia while increasing fat storage. Consistent with overlapping mechanisms, antipsychotics are no longer able to remodel energy balance in both C. elegans and mice lacking an intact germline. Thus, our results uncouple overeating from fat storage and show that overeating can be induced by mechanisms that reduce or increase fat stores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clark, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zapata, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborn, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrascheck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.644037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uncoupling overeating and fat storage by modulation of different serotonergic receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pcdh20 is a POU2F3 target gene required for proper tuft cell microvillus formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.18.644042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUND & AIMSTuft cells play protective roles in infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis through the secretion of cytokines and eicosanoids. Tuft cells are known for their tall, blunt microvilli, thought to be analogous to mechanosensory hair cell stereocilia; however, a functional role for the microvillar apparatus has not been identified. POU2F3 is the master regulator transcription factor for tuft cells, yet how POU2F3 drives formation of this unique structure is unknown. Here, we aimed to identify POU2F3 target genes and commonalities between tuft and hair cells to better understand this unique structure.

METHODSPOU2F3 ChIP-seq was performed on tuft cells and compared to the hair cell transcriptome. Tuft cell RNA-seq datasets were interrogated for hair cell structural and mechanosensory genes; expression was validated. Intestinal and gallbladder tuft cells were examined using multiple light and electron microscopy (EM) modalities. PCDH20 was knocked down in mouse models and ultrastructural analyses were performed. The tuft cell cytoskeleton was modeled using AlphaFold3 prediction.

RESULTSGenes encoding structural and mechanosensory proteins common to both tuft and hair cells, including Pcdh20, were identified. Imaging localized PCDH20 to tuft cell microvilli and hair cell stereocilia. Genetic ablation of Pcdh20 in mice resulted in structural defects in tuft cell microvilli, including loss of rigidity and organization. Molecular modeling suggests PCDH20 homodimers link adjacent microvilli.

CONCLUSIONSPcdh20 is a POU2F3 target gene in tuft cells, critical to maintain the rigid microvillar apparatus. These findings, together with the shared expression of mechanosensory components like TMC1, support the hypothesis that tuft cells could have mechanosensory capabilities analogous to cochlear hair cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ankenbauer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser Novak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarvis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Hanel, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkisian, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krystofiak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebrahim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahl, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manor, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DelGiorno, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.18.644042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pcdh20 is a POU2F3 target gene required for proper tuft cell microvillus formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential representations of spatial location by aperiodic and alpha oscillatory activity in working memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decades of research have shown working memory (WM) relies on sustained pre-frontal cortical activity and visual extrastriate activity, particularly in the alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency range. This alpha activity tracks the spatial location of WM items, even when spatial position is task-irrelevant and there is no stimulus currently being presented. Traditional analyses of putative oscillations using bandpass filters, however, conflate oscillations with non-oscillatory aperiodic activity. Here, we reanalyzed seven different human electroencephalography (EEG) visual WM datasets to test the hypothesis that aperiodic activity-which is thought to reflect the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory drive-plays a distinct role in visual WM from true alpha oscillations. To do this, we developed a novel, time-resolved spectral parameterization approach to disentangle oscillations from aperiodic activity during WM encoding and maintenance. Across all seven tasks, totaling 112 participants, we captured the representation of spatial location from total alpha power using an inverted encoding model (IEM), replicating traditional analyses. We then trained separate IEMs to estimate the strength of spatial location representation from aperiodic-adjusted alpha (reflecting just the oscillatory component) and aperiodic activity, and find that IEM performance improves for aperiodic-adjusted alpha compared to total alpha power that blends the two signals. We also discover a novel role for aperiodic activity, where IEM performance trained on aperiodic activity is highest during stimulus presentation, but not during the WM maintenance period. Our results emphasize the importance of controlling for aperiodic activity when studying neural oscillations while uncovering a novel functional role for aperiodic activity in the encoding of visual WM information.

Significance statementWorking memory is a crucial component of cognition, yet its neural mechanisms are not fully understood. Research shows that alpha activity - presumed to reflect neural oscillations - tracks the location of items we hold in memory. However, these analyses assume that all alpha power is oscillatory, even though oscillations are mixed with non-oscillatory, aperiodic activity that may be physiologically and functionally distinct. Here, we use a novel analytical approach for separating alpha oscillations and aperiodic activity dynamically across time. Our results reveal distinct roles for each in human visual working memory: aperiodic activity encodes the spatial location of information whereas alpha oscillations maintain the location of that information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bender, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential representations of spatial location by aperiodic and alpha oscillatory activity in working memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.20.643984v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glutamate indicators with increased sensitivity and tailored deactivation rates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.20.643984v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the input-output operations of neurons requires measurements of synaptic transmission simultaneously at many of a neurons thousands of inputs in the intact brain. To facilitate this goal, we engineered and screened 3365 variants of the fluorescent protein glutamate indicator iGluSnFR3 in neuron culture, and selected variants in the mouse visual cortex. Two variants have high sensitivity, fast activation (< 2 ms) and deactivation times tailored for recording large populations of synapses (iGluSnFR4s, 153 ms) or rapid dynamics (iGluSnFR4f, 26 ms). By imaging action-potential evoked signals on axons and visually-evoked signals on dendritic spines, we show that iGluSnFR4s/4f primarily detect local synaptic glutamate with single-vesicle sensitivity. The indicators detect a wide range of naturalistic synaptic transmission, including in the vibrissal cortex layer 4 and in hippocampal CA1 dendrites. iGluSnFR4 increases the sensitivity and scale (4s) or speed (4f) of tracking information flow in neural networks in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aggarwal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negrean, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palutla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLennan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagihara, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsey, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsegaye, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arthur, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiblot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leippe, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarnawski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vevea, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turaga, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tebo, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carandini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konnerth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svoboda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasseman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.20.643984</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glutamate indicators with increased sensitivity and tailored deactivation rates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644625v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The external rumen of dung beetles: Complex interactions between larvae and their ontogenetic environments shape growth and life history 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.21.644625v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms are not just passive recipients of environmental pressures but are able to shape the environment they experience. However, the mechanisms and the evolutionary implications of such niche construction remains poorly understood. Larvae of the gazelle dung beetle (Digitonthophagus gazella) extensively modify their environment and benefit from microbial symbionts to digest their cellulose-rich diet. These modifications are so extensive that previous research suggests that dung beetle larvae establish an "external rumen", where behavioral adaptations promote beneficial symbionts that enhance nutrient availability in the developmental environment. However, the mechanisms underlying these environmental modifications and their impact on species differences remains unclear. To investigate the external rumen hypothesis, we study the impact of larval environmental modifications on adult life-history traits in the dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella. We did this by transplanting eggs into modified and unmodified environments, whilst excluding maternally derived microbes. Additionally, we include a heterospecific (Onthophagus binodis) manipulated environment to investigate evolution of species-specific effects. Counter to expectations, we find larval modifications by conspecifics did not confer a benefit to D. gazella in any aspect measured. However, surprisingly, focals from heterospecific treatments emerged significantly quicker. Additionally, we highlight the primary condition of the developmental environment as an essential factor in determining fitness benefits compared to any additive environmental effects. Our research adds to the growing literature on organism by environment interactions and demonstrates the relationship between dung beetle larvae and their developmental environment are complex and are not consistent with the presence of a simple external rumen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McConnell, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.21.644625</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The external rumen of dung beetles: Complex interactions between larvae and their ontogenetic environments shape growth and life history]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.645055v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolved microbial diversity enables combinatoric biosensing in complex environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.645055v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) offer rapid, cost-effective monitoring of environmental contamination and human disease. Current WCB efforts to optimize detection of single target analytes under laboratory conditions have achieved vastly improved performance, setting the stage for WCB deployment in complex environments. We propose a framework that leverages the cross-specificity of single-target WCBs to quantify multiple targets using supervised machine learning. Specifically, we engineer six sensors for heavy metal contaminants in laboratory E. coli. We then evolve the strain to generate five chassis with improved growth in seawater conditions. We transform the chassis with the sensors, creating a set of 30 variants. The variant dynamic responses are characterized with microfluidics, revealing significant diversity. Leveraging this diversity, we construct a consortium to combinatorically quantify multiple analytes with machine learning, outperforming single-target biosensors in over 90% of our test samples. These results form a generalizable framework that facilitates WCB translation toward settings beyond the laboratory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csicsery, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Laughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumgart, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stasiowski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doughty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mink, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.24.645055</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolved microbial diversity enables combinatoric biosensing in complex environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.22.644760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational dynamics and activation of membrane-associated human Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.22.644760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) associates with membranes where it hydrolyzes phospholipids containing arachidonic acid to initiate an inflammatory cascade. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations were employed to understand the activation process when cPLA2 associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of macrophages where it acts. We found that membrane association causes the lid region of cPLA2 to undergo a closed-to-open state transition that is accompanied by the sideways movement of loop 495-540, allowing the exposure of a cluster of lysine residues (K488, K541, K543, and K544), which binds the allosteric activator PIP2 in the membrane. The active site of the open form of cPLA2, containing the catalytic dyad residues S228 and D549, exhibited a three-fold larger cavity than the closed form of cPLA2 in aqueous solution. These findings provide mechanistic insight as to how cPLA2 ER membrane association promotes major transitions between conformational states critical to allosteric activation and enzymatic phospholipid hydrolysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Braza, M. K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.22.644760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational dynamics and activation of membrane-associated human Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.28.646030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A miniature CRISPR-Cas10 enzyme confers immunity by an inverse signaling pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.28.646030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial and viral co-evolution has created immunity mechanisms involving oligonucleotide signaling that share mechanistic features with human anti-viral systems1. In these pathways, including CBASS and type III CRISPR systems in bacteria and cGAS-STING in humans, oligonucleotide synthesis occurs upon detection of virus or foreign genetic material in the cell, triggering the antiviral response2-4. In a surprising inversion of this process, we show here that the CRISPR-related enzyme mCpol synthesizes cyclic oligonucleotides constitutively as part of an active mechanism that maintains cell health. Cell-based experiments demonstrated that the absence or loss of mCpol-produced cyclic oligonucleotides triggers cell death, preventing spread of viruses that attempt immune evasion by depleting host cyclic nucleotides. Structural and mechanistic investigation revealed mCpol to be a di-adenylate cyclase whose product, c-di-AMP, prevents toxic oligomerization of the effector protein 2TM{beta}. Analysis of cells by fluorescence microscopy showed that lack of mCpol allows 2TM{beta}-mediated cell death due to inner membrane collapse. These findings unveil a powerful new defense strategy against virus-mediated immune suppression, expanding our understanding of oligonucleotides in cell health and disease. These results raise the possibility of similar protective roles for cyclic oligonucleotides in other organisms including humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doherty, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbuster, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolling, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilcox, X. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iavarone, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pogliano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.28.646030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A miniature CRISPR-Cas10 enzyme confers immunity by an inverse signaling pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian filtering method for estimating the fitness effects of nascent adaptive mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.29.646120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new beneficial mutations is a key quantity that dictates the dynamics of adaptation. The barcode lineage tracking (BLT) approach is an important advance toward measuring DFEs. BLT experiments enable researchers to track the frequencies of [~]105 of barcoded lineages in large microbial populations and detect up to thousands of nascent beneficial mutations in a single experiment. However, reliably identifying adapted lineages and estimating the fitness effects of driver mutations remains a challenge because lineage dynamics are subject to demographic and measurement noise and competition with other lineages. We show that the commonly used Levy-Blundell method for analyzing BLT data and its improved version FitMut2 can produce biased fitness estimates, particularly if selection is strong. To address this problem, we develop a new method called BASIL (BAyesian Selection Inference for Lineage tracking data), which dynamically updates the belief distribution of each lineages fitness and size based on the number of barcode reads. We calibrate BASILs model of noise with new experimental data and find that noise variance scales non-linearly with lineage abundance. We test how BASIL and Fit-Mut2 perform on simulated data and on down-sampled data from the original BLT data by Levy et al and find that BASIL is both more robust and more accurate than FitMut2. Our work paves the way for a systematic inference of the distribution of fitness effects of new beneficial mutations from BLT experiments in a variety of scenarios.

AUTHOR SUMMARYBeneficial mutations are rare but they are the ultimate drivers of evolution by natural selection. Evolutionary biologists seek to understand how many beneficial mutations an organism has access to in different environments and how these mutations affect fitness. Barcode lineage tracking (BLT) is a powerful experimental approach that tracks the frequencies of hundreds of thousands of subpopulations labeled with unique DNA barcodes and provides data that potentially enables researchers to identify and isolate many beneficial mutations arising in experimental microbial populations. However, analyzing these data is challenging because of the randomness of evolution and measurement noise. We found that existing methods for analyzing BLT data can lead to biased estimates of the fitness effects of beneficial mutations, especially when selection is strong. To overcome this issue, we developed a new method called BASIL, which uses a Bayesian approach that updates the estimated fitness and size of each lineage based on the measured barcode counts. We show that BASIL provides more accurate and robust estimates of the fitness effects of beneficial mutations in both simulated and real datasets than the existing alternatives. Thus, BASIL will facilitate a better understanding of beneficial mutations and adaptation more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuo, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.29.646120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian filtering method for estimating the fitness effects of nascent adaptive mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PEAS: Detection of Clustered Differences in Genomic Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.31.646436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationStudies of genetically-distinct individuals have shown that differences in marks of transcriptional regulation such as chromatin accesibility, transcription factor binding and histone modifications are often proximally clustered along the genome. These proximal clusters, which have been labeled as cis-regulatory domains (CRDs), are thought to reflect topological features of the genome and may demarcate functional units linking genetic variation to transcriptional regulation. The problem of distinguishing CRDs from background variation is computationally difficult and current methods rely on greedy approaches with ad-hoc parameters and do not provide an assessment of statistical significance, an important consideration for investigating CRDs in small sample cohorts.

ResultsWe developed a software package, PEAS (Proximal Enrichment by Approximated Sampling), to identify CRDs from a small number of samples (as few as two distinct genetic backgrounds) using a robust statistical approach. PEAS uses methods for efficient and accurate estimation of empirical distributions to quantify the significance of enriched regions, followed by a dynamic programming algorithm to identify the minimum likelihood set of non-overlapping enriched regions. We used it to identify clusters of proximally-enriched differences in the histone mark H3K27ac between two mouse strains as well as proximally-enriched regions of correlation in this mark across five mouse strains. We find that differences in histone acetylation between two mouse strains form signficant clusters that overlap closely with differences in the first principal component of their Hi-C correlation matrices.

AvailabilityPEAS is written in Python and is available at https://pypi.org/project/PEAS/. Methods for approximating empirical distributions are implemented in C and Python and are available at https://pypi.org/project/empdist/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Skola, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.31.646436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PEAS: Detection of Clustered Differences in Genomic Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.02.646860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycoengineering of the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein leads to improved biochemical properties and enhanced immunogenicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.02.646860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An effective vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) must elicit the production of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) reproducibly against the E1E2 glycoprotein complex. Little is known about how glycan content affects this process. Ideally, glycans would maximize epitope exposure without compromising antigen stability or exposing new epitopes. However, typical recombinant vaccines contain considerable heterogeneity in glycan content, which can affect the antibody response and neutralization potency. Here we employed glycoengineered Chinese hamster ovary (geCHO) cell lines that impart nearly homogeneous glycosylation as a means to test how specific glycan features influence antigenicity and immunogenicity for the secreted HCV E2 ectodomain (sE2). Specific geCHO antigens exhibited a modest but reproducible increase in affinity for some mAbs relative to CHO- and HEK293-produced sE2. Surprisingly, one geCHO sE2 antigen failed to bind the CD81 receptor, indicating the potential for significant glycan effects on biochemical properties. We immunized mice with the four antigens and found the total antibody response to be the same for all groups. However, sera from one geCHO group exhibited a 7-fold improvement in neutralization against the homologous HCV pseudovirus and had the most mice whose sera exhibited neutralization activity against genotypes 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3. Further analysis identified beneficial and deleterious glycan features, and the glycan that correlated the most with decreased potency was relatively small. However, size was not the sole determinant of glycan-driven effects on the antibody response. In summary, glycan content impacts biochemical properties of antigens to varying degrees and such effects can influence immune response quality and uniformity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kulakova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, A. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwoerer, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoffelen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkholy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archer-Hartmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariuzza, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrianov, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ploss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerst, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.02.646860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycoengineering of the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein leads to improved biochemical properties and enhanced immunogenicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.647972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minimal Correlation but Complementary Diagnostic Utility for Plasma Cell-free RNA and Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.647972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins and RNA circulate in plasma and can offer insights into human physiology. Yet, despite their clinical importance, direct comparisons between these analytes remain unexplored. Here, we measured and compared plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and protein levels for 263 children diagnosed with inflammatory diseases by RNA-sequencing (n=155) and SomaScan proteomics (n=171). Remarkably, cfRNA and protein levels were largely uncorrelated across samples (feature-by-sample r=0.052; median feature-level r=0.009). Nonetheless, machine learning models based on either modality distinguished Kawasaki Disease (KD) from Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) with similar high accuracy (median AUC > 0.93). Analysis of KD subtypes revealed distinct cfRNA and protein signatures, with one group showing molecular similarity to MIS-C. These findings underscore the complementary nature of cfRNA and protein profiling and highlight the utility of integrating multiple blood analytes to improve disease classification and deepen our understanding of complex inflammatory conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bliss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loy, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belcher, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremoulet, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Vlaminck, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.647972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minimal Correlation but Complementary Diagnostic Utility for Plasma Cell-free RNA and Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.647999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selectivity profiles and substrate recognition of Rab phosphorylating kinases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.647999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Rab GTPase switch-2 region is a hotspot for post-translational modifications. Its phosphorylation can determine whether individuals develop Parkinsons disease or not. Other modifications of the same region are catalysed by enzymes from bacterial pathogens when they infect human cells. Here, we profiled a set of kinases including LRRK1, LRRK2, DYRK1A, MST1, and TBK1 for their capability of phosphorylating Rab GTPases. We identified several novel kinase:Rab pairs, such as LRRK1:Rab43 and TBK1:Rab29. Further, we comprehensively assessed what makes a Rab GTPase a good kinase substrate, considering the Rab nucleotide binding state and the Rab primary sequence. In a systematic mutational study, Rab variants with modulated phosphorylation properties were established, leading to the identification of a LRRK2 recognition patch in the Rab 3 helix. A Glu to Arg exchange in that patch increased the phosphorylation 18-fold indicating that Rabs are suboptimal LRRK2 substrates. Given that this effect is also observed in a cellular model, we propose that our variants will be excellent tools for analysing the physiological function of Rab phosphorylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dederer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul Azeez, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahesula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stengel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.647999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selectivity profiles and substrate recognition of Rab phosphorylating kinases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.648043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
4D mitochondrial network assumes distinct and predictive phenotypes through human lung and intestinal epithelial development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.09.648043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria form a dynamic three-dimensional network within the cell that exhibits a wide range of morphologies and behaviors. Depending on cell state, cell type, and cell fate, a cells mitochondrial phenotype might range from relatively isolated mitochondrial segments to complex branching networks, and from stationary mitochondria to highly motile structures. While isolated mitochondrial phenotypes have been described for a subset of cell states, types, and fates, an integrated map of how mitochondrial phenotypes change over the full course of tissue development has so far been lacking. Here, we identify the mitochondrial phenotypes that appear throughout the course of lung and intestinal epithelial development from stem cells to differentiated tissue. Using human stem cell-derived intestinal and branching lung organoids that mimic developing human organs as model systems, we extract and analyze key mitochondrial biophysical phenotypes in human development. To achieve this, we employ lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), which enables high-resolution, 4D (x, y, z, time) imaging of mitochondria in organoid tissues with minimal damage to the sample. We image at key developmental time points from stem cell differentiation into mature organoid tissue. For data processing, we utilize the MitoGraph and MitoTNT software packages along with our developed custom computational tools. These tools allow for automated 4D organoid to single cell image processing and quantitative 4D single cell mitochondrial temporal network tracking. This work represents the first 4D high spatiotemporal-resolution quantification of live human organoid tissues at the single-cell level through development. We identified distinct mitochondrial phenotypes unique to each organoid type and found correlations between mitochondrial phenotypes, cellular age, and cell type. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mitochondrial network characteristics can predict both organoid type and cell age. Our findings reveal fundamental aspects of mitochondrial biology that were previously unobservable, offering new insights into cell-type-specific mitochondrial dynamics and enabling new findings in relevant human model systems. We believe that our findings and methods will be essential for advancing 4D cell biology, providing a powerful framework for characterizing organelles in organoid tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McMahon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakozaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schöneberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.09.648043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[4D mitochondrial network assumes distinct and predictive phenotypes through human lung and intestinal epithelial development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.647997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sexually distinct multi omic responses to progressive endurance exercise training in the rat lung. Findings from MoTrPAC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.647997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the lungs being essential for ventilation and aerobic exercise capacity, conventionally the lungs are not thought to adapt to exercise training. Endurance exercise is key to pulmonary rehabilitation programs, which also displays sex-specific differences in therapeutic efficacy. Given the molecular underpinnings of sex-specific lung adaptations to endurance exercise are uncharacterized, we used a multi-omics approach to study sex differences in the lungs of 6-month-old Fischer 344 rats in response to an 8 week progressive endurance treadmill training protocol. This was accomplished by reannotating publicly accessible data from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) and integrating newly-analyzed acetylome data to assess multi-omic sex differences in sedentary and progressively trained states. Female rats displayed enrichment in immune-related features and pathways at the transcriptome and proteome level that were maintained with training. Conversely, in the male rat lung there was an overall decrease in immune pathways following 8 weeks of training. Sexually conserved responses to training included increased enrichment in transcriptomic pathways related to type I alveoli and proteomic pathways related to cilia, and decreased mitochondrial protein acetylation. In both sexes, features known to be enriched in lung diseases were attenuated with training. Together our findings provide novel insight into sex specific responses to endurance exercise training in the rat lung and may offer translational insight into sex-specific differences in lung disease pathogenesis and treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Many, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagendorf, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estevao, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz Ludovico, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ushakumary, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortlund, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esser, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodine, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clair, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.10.647997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sexually distinct multi omic responses to progressive endurance exercise training in the rat lung. Findings from MoTrPAC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.648034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking single cell transcriptome matching methods for incremental growth of reference atlases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.648034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe advancement of single cell technologies has driven significant progress in constructing a multiscale, pan-organ Human Reference Atlas for healthy human cells. Many multi-faceted cell atlases for different organs, species, and diseases now exist, though challenges remain in harmonizing cell types and unifying nomenclature among respective cell atlases. Multiple machine learning and artificial intelligence methods, including models pre-trained on large-scale cell atlas datasets, are publicly available for single cell community users to computationally map their cell clusters to the cell atlases.

ResultsThis study benchmarks seven computational tools for cell type matching and label transfer - Azimuth, CellTypist, CellHint, FR-Match, scArches, scPred, and singleR - in ten organ systems. Using healthy lung as an exemplary organ, when matching the well-annotated cell types in two atlases - the Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA) and the LungMAP Single-Cell Reference (CellRef), variations in the matching accuracy were observed, especially in rare cell types, underlining the need for a consensus strategy using a selective set of computational methods. In the meta-analysis, the benchmarked methods were used to incrementally integrate 61 cell types from HLCA and 48 from CellRef, resulting in a cell meta-atlas of 41 matched, 20 HLCA-, and 7 CellRef-specific cell types. Similar approach revealed 25 matched cell types existed in two independent kidney atlases. Generalizability of the benchmarking performances were further demonstrated in a variety of organ systems.

ConclusionThis study reveals complementing strengths of the benchmarked methods and presents a framework for incremental growth of cell types in cell atlases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pankajam, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bueckle, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herr, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupont, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.10.648034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking single cell transcriptome matching methods for incremental growth of reference atlases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.14.648679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mspms: A Comprehensive R Package and Graphic Interface for Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.14.648679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry (MSP-MS) is a powerful method for determining the substrate specificity of proteolytic enzymes, knowledge key for developing protease inhibitors, diagnostics, and protease-activated therapeutics. However, the complex datasets generated by MSP-MS pose significant analytical challenges. To address this, we developed mspms, a Bioconductor R package complemented by an intuitive graphical interface. Mspms streamlines MSP-MS data analysis by standardizing workflows for data preparation, processing, statistical analysis, and visualization. Designed for accessibility, it serves both advanced users via the R package and broader audiences through the web interface. We validated mspms by profiling the substrate specificity of four well-characterized cathepsins (A-D), demonstrating its ability to reliably capture expected substrate specificities. As the first publicly available platform for MSP-MS data analysis, mspms delivers comprehensive functionality, transparency, and ease of use, making it a valuable resource for the protease research community. Access to mspms is available through the Bioconductor project at https://bioconductor.org/packages/mspms, and a graphic interface is available at https://gonzalezlab.shinyapps.io/mspms_shiny/.

Author SummaryWe developed mspms, an easy-to-use tool that helps researchers analyze data from a proteomics technique called Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry (MSP-MS). This software improves on previous methods of analyzing MSP-MS data, which required the user to navigate a confusing mix of R scripts, manual manipulation of spreadsheets, and third-party tools--an approach that was daunting for collaborators and new graduate students alike. Mspms streamlines the process, enabling faster, more reliable, and reproducible data analysis. We tested the tool using well-known proteases and found that it accurately identifies their known targets. As the first comprehensive tool for MSP-MS analysis, mspms makes this method approachable to a wider audience. Its available for free through the Bioconductor project at https://bioconductor.org/packages/mspms, and a graphical interface is available at https://gonzalezlab.shinyapps.io/mspms_shiny/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bayne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurysz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.14.648679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mspms: A Comprehensive R Package and Graphic Interface for Multiplex Substrate Profiling by Mass Spectrometry Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.645785v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-world objects scaffold visual working memory for features: Increased neural delay activity when colors are remembered as part of meaningful objects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.645785v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual working memory is a core cognitive function that allows active storage of task-relevant visual information. Contrary to the common assumption that the capacity of this system is fixed with respect to a single feature dimension, recent research has shown that working memory performance for a simple visual feature - color - is improved when this feature is encoded as part of a real-world object relative to an unrecognizable scrambled object. Using EEG (N = 24), we here demonstrate that this performance benefit is supported by increased neural engagement during the retention period, as indexed by enlarged contralateral-delay-activity during maintenance. Furthermore, the pattern of neural activity across parietal-occipital electrodes was more stable across time, suggesting that real-world objects may support more robust memory representations. Finally, we report a novel fronto-central event-related potential that distinguishes between real-world objects and scrambled objects during encoding and maintenance processes. Overall, our results demonstrate that active visual working memory capacity for simple features is not fixed but can expand depending on what context these features are encoded in.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoermer, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.645785</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-world objects scaffold visual working memory for features: Increased neural delay activity when colors are remembered as part of meaningful objects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and accessible morphology-free functional fluorescence imaging analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.15.648462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Optical calcium imaging is a powerful tool for recording neural activity across a wide range of spatial scales, from dendrites and spines to whole-brain imaging through two-photon and widefield microscopy. Traditional methods for analyzing functional calcium imaging data rely heavily on spatial features, such as the compact shapes of somas, to extract regions of interest and their associated temporal traces. This spatial dependency can introduce biases in time trace estimation and limit the applicability of these methods across different neuronal morphologies and imaging scales. To address these limitations, the Graph Filtered Temporal Dictionary Learning (GraFT) uses a graph-based approach to identify neural components based on shared temporal activity rather than spatial proximity, enhancing generalizability across diverse datasets. Here we present significant advancements to the GraFT algorithm, including the integration of a more efficient solver for the L1 least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) problem and the application of compressive sensing techniques to reduce computational complexity. By employing random projections to reduce data dimensionality, we achieve substantial speedups while maintaining analytical accuracy. These advancements significantly accelerate the GraFT algorithm, making it more scalable for larger and more complex datasets. Moreover, to increase accessibility, we developed a graphical user interface to facilitate running and analyzing the outputs of GraFT. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of GraFT to imaging data beyond meso-scale imaging, including vascular and axonal imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Estrada Berlanga, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broggini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuchibhotla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleninfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.15.648462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and accessible morphology-free functional fluorescence imaging analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.647407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The 4th GPCR Dock: assessment of blind predictions for GPCR-ligand complexes in the era of AlphaFold 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.647407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The GPCR Dock competitions are a series of community-wide assessments of computational structural modeling and ligand docking for G protein-coupled receptors, a central class of drug targets in the human proteome. The assessments are designed to provide an unbiased overview of progress and to pinpoint areas in need of refinement, thus shaping and directing the development of computational modeling methodologies for GPCRs. In the footsteps of 2008, 2010, and 2013 assessments, the 4th round (GPCR Dock 2021) featured five diverse and challenging prediction targets and coincided with the emergence of AlphaFold, the revolutionary Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology for protein structure prediction from amino acid sequences. This report summarizes the assessment results and challenges in the context of the convergent evolution of computational and experimental structure determination techniques for GPCRs. We demonstrate that thanks to the breakthroughs in AI-powered modeling, the accuracy of modern computational models of GPCR complexes with peptides can not only approach but also exceed that of low-resolution experimental structures. However, our results highlight the unwavering need for high-resolution GPCR structure determination, especially with small molecule chemicals, and for the concurrent application of physics-based and expert-guided modeling methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitsazi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GPCR Dock 2021 participants,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.18.647407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The 4th GPCR Dock: assessment of blind predictions for GPCR-ligand complexes in the era of AlphaFold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.649558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic Spine Head Morphodynamics from Graph Grammar Rules for Actin Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.649558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a morphodynamic component to synaptic learning by which changes in dendritic (postsynaptic) spine head size are associated with the strengthening or weakening of the synaptic connection between two neurons. The membrane shape and size dynamics is sculpted by the growth dynamics of the enclosed actin cytoskeleton. We use Dynamical Graph Grammars (DGGs) governing dynamic labelled graphs embedded in two dimensions to model networks of actin filaments and the enclosing membrane in spine head morphology. We demonstrate the flexibility and extensibility of the framework by encoding detailed biophysical as well as biochemical models, obeying constraints of invariance and conservation, in DGG rule sets. From graph-local energy functions for cytoskeleton actin interacting and membrane, we specialize dissipative stochastic dynamics to an exhaustive collection of graph-local neighborhood types for the rule left hand sides. Extensively simulating the resulting model delineates effects of four actin-binding proteins, and their epistatic relationships, on morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartol, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sejnowski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mjolsness, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.18.649558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic Spine Head Morphodynamics from Graph Grammar Rules for Actin Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.648266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type-specific transposable element demethylation and TAD remodeling in the aging mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.648266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, yet underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we generated a comprehensive single-nucleus cell atlas of brain aging across multiple brain regions, comprising 132,551 single-cell methylomes and 72,666 joint chromatin conformation-methylome nuclei. Integration with companion transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data yielded a cross-modality taxonomy of 36 major cell types. We observed that age-related methylation changes were more pronounced in non-neuronal cells. Transposable element methylation alone distinguished age groups, showing cell-type-specific genome-wide demethylation. Chromatin conformation analysis demonstrated age-related increases in TAD boundary strength with enhanced accessibility at CTCF binding sites. Spatial transcriptomics across 895,296 cells revealed regional heterogeneity during aging within identical cell types. Finally, we developed novel deep-learning models that accurately predict age-related gene expression changes using multi-modal epigenetic features, providing mechanistic insights into gene regulation. This dataset advances our understanding of brain aging and offers potential translational applications.

HighlightsO_LISingle-cell multi-omic profiling maps the epigenetic and spatial transcriptomic landscape of brain aging across multiple regions.
C_LIO_LICell-type-specific genome-wide demethylation of retrotransposable elements correlates with increased chromatin accessibility and expression.
C_LIO_LIElevated TAD boundary strength emerges as a unique marker of brain aging associated with CTCF gaining accessibility.
C_LIO_LIA novel deep-learning model reveals the significance of epigenetic features on age-related transcriptomic changes across genes.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valadon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.648266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type-specific transposable element demethylation and TAD remodeling in the aging mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Epigenomics Uncovers Heterochromatin Instability and Transcription Factor Dysfunction during Mouse Brain Aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms regulating transcriptional changes in brain aging remain poorly understood. Here, we use single-cell epigenomics to profile chromatin accessibility and gene expression across eight brain regions in the mouse brain at 2, 9, and 18 months of age. In addition to a significant decline in progenitor cell populations involved in neurogenesis and myelination, we observed widespread and concordant changes of transcription and chromatin accessibility during aging in glial and neuronal cell types. These alterations are accompanied by dysregulation of master transcription factors and a shift toward stress-responsive programs driven by AP-1, indicating a progressive loss of cell identity with aging. We also identify region- and cell-type-specific heterochromatin decay, characterized by increased accessibility at H3K9me3-marked domains, activation of transposable elements, and upregulation of long non-coding RNAs, particularly in glutamatergic neurons. Together, these results reveal age-related disruption of heterochromatin maintenance and transcriptional programs, identify vulnerable brain regions and cell types, and pinpoint key molecular pathways altered in brain aging.

HighlightsO_LISingle-cell multimodal profiling across eight brain regions reveals coordinated chromatin and transcriptional shifts during aging
C_LIO_LIAge-related depletion of progenitor cells coincides with dysregulation of key developmental transcription factors
C_LIO_LICell identity maintenance is compromised with the decline of master transcription factors
C_LIO_LIHeterochromatin destabilization accompanied by activation of AP-1, transposable elements, pseudogene families, and long non-coding RNAs
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker Smoot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Epigenomics Uncovers Heterochromatin Instability and Transcription Factor Dysfunction during Mouse Brain Aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.649560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Lipid Prodrug Strategy Enhances Targeted Protein Degrader CNS Pharmacokinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.18.649560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted protein degraders that recruit the von-hippel Lindau E3-ligase complex often have poor physicochemical properties, requiring extensive medicinal chemistry optimization prior to use in hypothesis-testing experiments in vivo, and with few blood-brain-barrier permeable examples disclosed. In this study, we systematically examine a panel of fatty acid promoieties as agents to enhance degrader pharmacokinetics and BBB-exposure. We characterize effects on cellular E3-ligase engagement, cellular BRD4 degradation kinetics, murine plasma stability, and murine blood plasma and brain pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We identify degrader prodrugs with significantly improved CNS exposure relative to the parent degrader. This led to successful BRD4. degradation in perfused brain samples, demonstrating that fatty acid promoieties can accelerate progress towards proof of principle in vivo experiments for CNS degrader projects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leconte, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadbois, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepulveda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.18.649560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Lipid Prodrug Strategy Enhances Targeted Protein Degrader CNS Pharmacokinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.19.649686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domoic acid biosynthesis and genome expansion in Nitzschia navis-varingica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.19.649686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) by benthic diatom Nitzschia navis-varingica poses considerable health and economic concerns. In this study, we employed whole genome sequencing and transcriptomic analyses of regionally distinct N. navis-varingica strains to unravel the genomic underpinnings of DA biosynthesis. Our analyses revealed sizable genomes--characterized by an abundance of repetitive elements and noncoding DNA--that exceed the size of any other pennate diatoms. Central to our findings is the discovery of an expanded domoic acid biosynthesis (dab) gene cluster, spanning over 60 kb and marked by a unique organization that includes core genes interspersed with additional genetic elements. Phylogenetic and syntenic comparisons indicate that transposition events may have driven the expansion and reorganization of this cluster. Biochemical assays validated that the kainoid synthase encoded by dabC catalyzes the formation of isodomoic acid B, thereby establishing a distinct chemotype in contrast to the DA profiles of planktonic diatoms. These results highlight the evolutionary trajectory of DA biosynthesis in diatoms and potential advantages conferred by genome expansion and enzyme diversification in dynamic marine environments.

IMPORTANCEDomoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin produced by marine micro- and macroalgae problematic to fisheries and toxic to humans and animals. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying DA production in the widespread Western Pacific benthic diatom, Nitzschia navis-varingica. Genomic and biochemical insights add information to our understanding of the evolution of toxin production across diverse phyla and also fill a gap in the knowledge of secondary metabolism in marine diatoms. These findings provide a genetic framework for identifying toxin production and its impacts in the benthos of vulnerable, coastal ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wood-Rocca, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allsing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashida, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mochizuki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Füssy, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puilingi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeno, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beattie, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yotsu-Yamashita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.19.649686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domoic acid biosynthesis and genome expansion in Nitzschia navis-varingica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.20.649691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Contrastive Learning with Pretrained Deep Language Model Enhances Metagenome Binning for Contigs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.20.649691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomic binning is crucial for reconstructing microbial genomes from metagenomic sequencing samples. However, existing tools struggle in complex communities where short, low-abundance contigs predominate, thereby limiting the recovery of complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and the identification of novel functions. Here, we introduce CompleteBin, a Transformer-based framework that integrates contig sequence context, pre-trained taxonomic embeddings from a genome language model, and dynamic contrastive learning to bin short contigs robustly. Across CAMI II datasets, CompleteBin increased near-complete MAG recovery by 38.5% over leading methods like COMEBin. Across diverse real-world datasets (marine, freshwater, plant-associated, cold seep sediment, and human gut), it achieved a 57.4% improvement on average. Applying CompleteBin to six cold seep sediment samples uncovered 129 strain-level genome bins across 30 phyla, including 13 phyla undetected by other tools, and taxonomically assigned 90,405 genes (32.1% of total), revealing previously unknown species in nitrogen and sulfur cycling. CompleteBin unlocks microbial dark matter in diverse environments, advancing our understanding of microbial ecology and biogeochemical processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.20.649691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Contrastive Learning with Pretrained Deep Language Model Enhances Metagenome Binning for Contigs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential memory enrichment of cytotoxic CD4 T cells in Parkinson's disease patients reactive to α-synuclein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with a largely unknown etiology. Although the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is the pathological hallmark of PD, neuroinflammation also plays a fundamental role in PD pathology. We have previously reported that PD patients have increased frequencies of T cell reactive to peptides from -synuclein (-syn). However, not all PD participants respond to -syn. Furthermore, we have previously found that CD4 T cells from PD participants responding to -syn (PD_R) are transcriptionally distinct from PD participants not responding to -syn (PD_NR). To gain further insight into the pathology of PD_R participants, we investigated surface protein expression of 11 proteins whose genes had previously been found to be differentially expressed when comparing PD_R and healthy control participants not responding to -syn (HC_NR). We found that Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 (CELSR2) was expressed on a significantly higher proportion of CD4 effector memory T cells (TEM) in PD_R compared to HC_NR. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of cells expressing or not expressing CELSR2 revealed that PD_R participants have elevated frequencies of activated TEM subsets and an almost complete loss of cytotoxic TEM cells. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed that Granulysin+ CD4 cytotoxic TEM cells are reduced in PD_R. Taken together, these results provide further insight into the perturbation of T cell subsets in PD_R, and highlights the need for further investigation into the role of Granulysin+ CD4 cytotoxic TEM in PD pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Freuchet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcalay, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulzer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential memory enrichment of cytotoxic CD4 T cells in Parkinson's disease patients reactive to α-synuclein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T cell responses towards PINK1 and α-synuclein are elevated in prodromal Parkinson's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A role of the immune system in Parkinsons disease (PD) progression has long been suspected due to the increased frequency of activated glial cells and infiltrating T cells into the substantia nigra. It was previously reported that PD donors have increased T cell responses towards PINK1 and -synuclein (-syn), two Lewy body-associated proteins. Further, T cell reactivity towards -syn was highest closer to disease onset, highlighting that autoreactive T cells might play a role in PD pathogenesis. However, whether T cell autoreactivity is present during prodromal PD is unknown. Here, we investigated T cell responses towards PINK1 and -syn in donors at high risk of developing PD (i.e. prodromal PD: genetic risk, hyposmia, and or REM sleep behavior disorder), in comparison to PD and healthy control donors. T cell reactivity to these two autoantigens was detected in prodromal PD at levels comparable to those detected in individuals with clinically diagnosed PD. Aligned with the increased incidence of PD in males, we found that males with PD, but not females, had elevated T cell reactivity compared to healthy controls. However, among prodromal PD donors, males and females had elevated T cell responses. These differing trends in reactivity highlights the need for further studies of the impact of biological sex on neuroinflammation and PD progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johansson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freuchet, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michealis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litvan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcalay, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standaert, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amara, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stover, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fon, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Postuma, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulzer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindestam Arlehamn, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sette, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T cell responses towards PINK1 and α-synuclein are elevated in prodromal Parkinson's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aperiodic neural timescales in prefrontal cortex dilate with increased task abstraction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.21.649913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Navigating everyday environments requires that the brain perform information processing at multiple different timescales. For example, while watching a movie we use sensory information from every video frame to construct the current movie scene, which itself is continuously integrated into the narrative arc of the film. This critical function is supported by sensory inputs propagating from dynamic sensory cortices to association cortices, where neural activity remains more stable over time. The hierarchical organization of cortex is therefore reflected in a gradient of neural timescales. While this propagation of inputs up the cortical hierarchy is facilitated by both rhythmic (oscillatory) and non-rhythmic (aperiodic) neural activity, traditional measures of oscillations are often confounded by the influence of aperiodic signals. The reverse is also true: traditional measures of aperiodic neural timescales are influenced by oscillations. This makes it difficult to distinguish between oscillatory and timescale effects in cognition. Here, we analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) data from participants performing a cognitive control task that manipulated the amount of task-relevant contextual information, called task abstraction. Critically, we separated aperiodic neural timescales from the confounding influence of oscillatory power. We hypothesized that neural timescales would increase during the task, and more so in high-abstraction conditions. We found that task abstraction dilated the aperiodic neural timescale, as estimated from the autocorrelation function, over prefrontal cortical regions. Our findings suggests that neural timescales are a dynamic feature of the cerebral cortex that change to meet task demands.

Significance StatementThough often thought of as indexing anatomical brain structure, neural timescales have recently come under the spotlight for their variability across different task conditions. Here, we investigated whether neural timescales dynamically change during cognitive tasks that require a greater level of contextual control. Previous work quantified neural timescales using the autocorrelation function, but this approach conflates oscillatory and aperiodic contributions to the timescale. Thus, we decomposed the neural timescale into oscillatory and aperiodic components, and found that aperiodic-derived timescale measures dynamically change with contextual control. Oscillatory power also exhibits change in response to task demands, reaffirming previous findings. These results together suggest that both established oscillatory and novel aperiodic measures of neural timescales can dynamically change to meet task demands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cellier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riddle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammonds, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frohlich, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.21.649913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aperiodic neural timescales in prefrontal cortex dilate with increased task abstraction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.22.650067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA Methylation Dynamics of Dose-dependent Acute Exercise, Training Adaptation, and Detraining 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.22.650067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exercise and diet are direct physical contributors to human health, wellness, resilience, and performance1-5. Endurance and resistance training are known to improve healthspan through various biological processes such as mitochondrial function6-8, telomere maintenance9, and inflammaging10. Although several training prescriptions have been defined with specific merits 1,10-20, the long-term effects of these in terms of their molecular alterations have not yet been well explored. In this study, we focus on two combined endurance and resistance training programs: (1) traditional moderate-intensity continuous endurance and resistance exercise (TRAD) and (2) a variation of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) we refer to as high intensity tactical training (HITT), to assess the dynamics of DNA methylation (DNAm) in blood and muscle derived from males (N=23) and females (N=31), over a 12-week period of training followed by a 4-week period of detraining, sampled at pre-exercise and acute time points, totaling 528 samples. Due to its rapid responsiveness to stimuli and its stability, DNAm has been known to facilitate regulatory cascades that significantly affect various physiological processes and pathways. We find that several thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with acute exercise in blood, many of which are shared across males and females. This trend is reversed when comparing the baseline (pre-exercise) time points or post-exercise timepoints at the untrained state with those at the post-conditioned state. Here, muscle shows majority of DNAm changes, with most of those being unique. We also find several hundred "memory" DMRs in muscle that maintain the gain or loss of methylation after four weeks of inactivity. Comparing phenotypic measurements, we find specific DMRs that correlate significantly with mitochondrial function and myofiber switching. Using machine learning, we select a subset of DMRs that are most characteristic of training modalities, sex and timepoint. Most of the DMRs are enriched in pathways associated with immune function, cell differentiation, and exercise adaptation. These findings reveal mechanisms by which exercise- and training-induced epigenetic changes alter immune surveillance, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory response, and underscore the relevance of epigenetic plasticity to health monitoring and wellness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothenberg, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAdam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bamman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broderick, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.22.650067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA Methylation Dynamics of Dose-dependent Acute Exercise, Training Adaptation, and Detraining]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.648963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Excitation-Inhibition Balance and Fronto-Limbic Connectivity Drive TMS Treatment Outcomes in Refractory Depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.648963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Depression affects over 350 million people worldwide, with treatment resistance occurring in up to 30% of cases. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has emerged as a promising intervention, yet the neurophysiological mechanisms determining which patients will respond remain poorly understood. Here, we combined transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography and whole-brain computational modeling to uncover the mechanistic basis of treatment efficacy in 90 patients with treatment-resistant depression. We identified two distinct neurophysiological signatures that differentiate responders from non-responders: (1) post-treatment shifts in excitation-inhibition balance toward greater inhibitory control, and (2) a pre-treatment brain state characterized by anticorrelated dynamics between subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and DLPFC. These features were significantly correlated with clinical improvement and could not be explained by non-specific factors. Our findings provide a neurophysiologically-informed framework for developing personalized and optimized neuromodulation approaches in treatment-resistant depression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Momi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oveisi, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastiaens, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lissemore, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vila Rodriguez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strafella, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daskalakis, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zrenner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zomorrodi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolle, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saggar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumberger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voineskos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.648963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Excitation-Inhibition Balance and Fronto-Limbic Connectivity Drive TMS Treatment Outcomes in Refractory Depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650300v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating fMRI Timescale Maps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650300v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain activity unfolds over hierarchical timescales that reflect how brain regions integrate and process information, linking functional and structural organization. While timescale studies are prevalent, existing estimation methods rely on the restrictive assumption of exponentially decaying temporal autocorrelation and only provide point estimates without standard errors, limiting statistical inference. In this paper, we formalize and evaluate two methods for mapping timescales in resting-state fMRI: a time-domain fit of an autoregressive (AR1) model and an autocorrelation-domain fit of an exponential decay model. Rather than assuming exponential autocorrelation decay, we define timescales by projecting the fMRI time series onto these approximating models, requiring only stationarity and mixing conditions while incorporating robust standard errors to account for model misspecification. We introduce theoretical properties of timescale estimators and show parameter recovery in realistic simulations, as well as applications to fMRI from the Human Connectome Project. Comparatively, the time-domain method produces more accurate estimates under model misspecification, remains computationally efficient for high-dimensional fMRI data, and yields maps aligned with known functional brain organization. In this work, we show valid statistical inference on fMRI timescale maps, and provide Python implementations of all methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riegner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davenport, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voytek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.650300</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating fMRI Timescale Maps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gut bacteria degrade purines via the 2,8-dioxopurine pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The loss of uricase during hominid evolution has predisposed humans to hyperuricemia and gout, conditions with high global prevalence. In healthy individuals, approximately one-third of urate is excreted into the intestinal tract1 where bacteria consume this purine aiding in its elimination2,3. However, the molecular details of purine metabolism in the gut microbiome remain unknown. Here we uncover the 2,8-dioxopurine pathway, a previously unrecognized anaerobic route for purine degradation in gut bacteria. This pathway uses a novel selenium-dependent enzyme, 2,8-dioxopurine dehydrogenase (DOPDH), and seven additional enzymes that together link purine metabolism to ATP generation and short chain fatty acid production. Competition experiments in gnotobiotic mice demonstrate that bacteria harboring this pathway exhibit a fitness advantage, with wild-type bacteria rapidly outcompeting a DOPDH-deficient strain. These findings highlight a host-microbe symbiosis, where host-secreted urate fosters a metabolic niche for bacteria that break it down. By elucidating this pathway, our study provides new avenues to modify and enhance intestinal elimination of urate, which has therapeutic implications for treating hyperuricemia and gout, conditions that affect millions of adults worldwide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryce Jarman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda-Velez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terkeltaub, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.24.650524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gut bacteria degrade purines via the 2,8-dioxopurine pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VGLL1 contributes to both the transcriptome and epigenome of the developing trophoblast compartment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The trophectoderm (TE), the first lineage specified during mammalian development, initiates implantation and gives rise to placental trophoblasts. While animal models have elucidated key conserved signaling pathways involved in early TE specification, including BMP, WNT, and HIPPO, species-specific differences during early development emphasize the need for human-specific models. We previously identified VGLL1, a coactivator of TEAD transcription factors, as a human-specific placental marker. In this study, we employed a pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based model of TE induction by BMP4 to investigate chromatin remodeling and transcriptional dynamics during TE formation. BMP4-induced chromatin accessibility changes promoted a trophoblast gene expression program, while mesoderm lineage markers were only transiently expressed upon canonical WNT activation. We found that VGLL1 was expressed downstream of key TE transcription factors (GATA2/3, TFAP2A/C) but was essential for establishment of full trophoblast identity by up-regulating EGFR and reinforcing GATA3 expression through positive feedback. Notably, VGLL1 enhanced canonical WNT signaling via direct regulation of WNT receptors and effectors. We also identified KDM6B, a histone demethylase that removes H3K27me3 repressive marks, as a direct VGLL1 target. KDM6B facilitated activation of bivalent promoters associated with TE markers, linking epigenetic regulation to lineage identity. Our findings establish a mechanistic framework positioning VGLL1 as a central regulator that integrates HIPPO, BMP, and WNT signaling pathways to drive establishment of human TE.

Statement of SignificanceEarly development of the human placenta is essential for pregnancy success, yet the mechanisms that guide placental lineage specification remain poorly defined. Using human stem cells, we show how signaling pathways and chromatin remodeling programs work together to direct formation of the trophectoderm, the earliest placental cell type. We identify VGLL1 as a key regulator linking multiple signaling networks to gene expression and epigenetic control. Our findings reveal a species-specific mechanism of placental initiation with broad implications for understanding reproductive disorders, pregnancy loss, and advancing stem cell-based models to study and potentially treat human placental disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calderon, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kittle, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaik, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chousal, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, N. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeHoff, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Home, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niakan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook-Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soncin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.25.650693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VGLL1 contributes to both the transcriptome and epigenome of the developing trophoblast compartment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tulp3 quantitative alleles titrate requirements for viability, brain development, and kidney homeostasis but do not suppress Zfp423 mutations in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) regulates receptor trafficking in primary cilia and antagonizes SHH signaling. Tulp3 knockout mice are embryonic lethal with developmental abnormalities in multiple organs, while tissue-specific knockouts and viable missense alleles cause polycystic kidney disease. Human patients with TULP3 mutations present with variable, but often multi-organ fibrotic disease. We previously showed that mouse and human Tulp3 expression is negatively regulated by ZNF423, which is required for SHH sensitivity in some progenitor cell models. The level of TULP3 function required to prevent mutant phenotypes has not been known. Here we report a Tulp3 quantitative allelic series, designed by targeting the polypyrimidine tract 5 to the splice acceptor of a critical exon, that shows distinct dose-response effects on viability, brain overgrowth, weight gain, and cystic kidney disease. We find limited evidence for genetic interaction with Zfp423 null or hypomorphic mutations. Together, these results establish an approach to developing quantitative allelic series by exon exclusion, rank-order dose-sensitivity of Tulp3 phenotypes, and model thresholds for TULP3 function to prevent severe outcomes.

Author SummaryTULP3 protein plays critical roles in regulating receptor trafficking and signaling in the primary cilium. Mutations in the TULP3 gene can cause severe, multi-organ disorders in both mice and humans, yet the amount of TULP3 activity needed to avoid these outcomes has been unclear. In this study, we used precise genome editing in mice to create a set of new Tulp3 gene variants that reduce TULP3 expression to varying degrees. This allowed us to test how much TULP3 is required for survival, normal brain and kidney development, and weight regulation. We found that as little as 5% of normal TULP3 levels is enough to avoid lethal birth defects, but still leads to obesity, mild brain overgrowth, and progressive kidney cysts preceded by reductions in cilium frequency and length in situ. The severity of these effects was related to TULP3 protein levels, highlighting a dose-dependent response. We also investigated whether reducing TULP3 levels would suppress brain abnormalities in Zfp423 mutant mice, based on prior evidence of a genetic interaction, but did not find evidence to support this effect. Our work provides a framework for understanding how varying levels of TULP3 affect various organ systems and offers a general strategy for creating quantitative genetic models of human disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCoy, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mezody, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.25.650726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tulp3 quantitative alleles titrate requirements for viability, brain development, and kidney homeostasis but do not suppress Zfp423 mutations in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal Immune Activation Disrupts Epigenomic and Functional Maturation of Cortical Excitatory Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.651094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elevated levels of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines during gestation can disrupt offspring neural development, increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. We studied the effects of Poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation (PIC-MIA) during mid-gestation on developing cortical excitatory neurons DNA methylation and transcriptome. PIC-MIA disrupted the developmental regulation of synapse-related genes and of genes implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Genomic regions that gain or lose DNA methylation during normal development were altered following PIC-MIA, including neurodevelopmental transcription factor binding sites. The DNA methylation and transcriptional changes were consistent with a delay in excitatory neuron maturation. Whole-cell recordings showed that PIC-MIA preferentially altered the physiological development of layer 5 excitatory neurons. Taken together, present results suggest that alterations in the epigenome, through the disruption of circuit formation, may drive the long-term consequences of maternal infection during gestation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duarte, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.651094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal Immune Activation Disrupts Epigenomic and Functional Maturation of Cortical Excitatory Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic motifs distinguishing endogenous from exogenous retroviral integrants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retroviruses are subject to epigenetic regulation by the host genome after integrating, similar to vertebrate genes. However, their patterns of integration, and therefore their likely epigenetic regulation, differ between genera. Beta- and gammaretroviruses are two types of simple retroviruses that have a strong tendency to infect germ cells and endogenize. While ancient endogenous retroviruses are often easy to spot due to mutations rendering them non-functional, more recent integrants can maintain the capacity for full viral production, making it sometimes difficult to discern which integrants are exogenous and likely more clinically relevant. Because endogenous retroviruses generally spend a longer time integrated and subject to host epigenetic regulation as proviral DNA, we hypothesized we could show these integrants exhibit sequence differences from their exogenous counterparts, likely resulting from DNA methylation and histone modifications, and that endogenous retroviruses would generally show habituation to host promoters. Therefore, we have used statistical analyses of publicly available sequence data to demonstrate that endogenous retroviral variants exhibit decreased CpG dinucleotide and trinucleotide frequencies over time, and that they will show evidence for loss of motifs associated with active histone modifications. Close examination of these patterns provides further clues for distinguishing endogenous and exogenous retroviral variants, potentially aiding in the study of retroviruses in less well-characterized wildlife species.

ImportanceExpression of vertebrate genes is regulated by chemical modifications made directly to the DNA or to the proteins associated with it, termed epigenetics. Because retroviruses integrate into DNA, they are subject to the same epigenetic modifications as regular genes.

Retroviruses will tend to endogenize, meaning they will become a permanent part of a species genome when their hidden DNA is passed down to progeny during reproduction. However, sometimes it is difficult to discern whether a retroviral sequence is endogenous (permanently fixed) or exogenous (an infectious entity). We hypothesized that changes to the retroviral sequences over time after endogenization would result from epigenetic modifications, and that these changes could help distinguish an endogenous retrovirus from an exogenous one. In this paper, we show that changes to the viral sequences associated with epigenetics indeed take place after endogenization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LaMere, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaMere, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moshiri, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic motifs distinguishing endogenous from exogenous retroviral integrants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular and Spatial Organization of the Primary Olfactory System and its Responses to Social Odors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The detection of olfactory cues is essential to signal food, predators, and social encounters. To determine how the sensory detection of physiologically relevant odors is systematically mapped into the mouse primary olfactory system, we used Multiplexed Error Robust Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (MERFISH) to construct a molecular atlas of odorant receptor (OR) expression in the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and olfactory bulb (OB). We comprehensively quantified the expression of the mouse OR repertoire and uncovered stereotypical gradients of sensory neuron distribution in the MOE along two, central-to-peripheral and basal-to-apical, axes. Projections of sensory neurons mirror MOE gradients along the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes of the OB, respectively. Integration with sequencing data revealed candidate signaling molecules underlying this spatial organization. Co-imaging OR and activity marker expression identified distinct spatial domains of sensory responses in the MOE and OB, providing a topographical basis for olfactory responses to ethologically relevant odors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isogai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular and Spatial Organization of the Primary Olfactory System and its Responses to Social Odors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.651331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific transcriptional signatures of oxycodone persist during withdrawal and abstinence in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of heterogeneous stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.651331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health issue. Sleep and circadian disruptions are recognized as hallmarks of opioid addiction, often emerging during withdrawal and lasting into abstinence. However, little is known about the impact of opioids on the brains primary circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We examined SCN transcriptomic changes in genetically diverse heterogeneous stock rats across different opioid physiological and behavioral states (naive, oxycodone intoxication, acute withdrawal, and prolonged abstinence), alongside behavioral assessments. In females, intoxication and withdrawal altered pathways related to neurotransmission, circadian rhythms, and inflammation, while in males, changes involved immune regulation, DNA damage, and metabolism. During abstinence, females showed enrichment in stress-related pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism and neurotransmitter function, whereas males exhibited enrichment in pathways related to cellular detoxification and oxidative stress, suggesting lasting, sex-specific effects of oxycodone administration during withdrawal and abstinence. Further, the highest proportion of sex-specific rhythmic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified during abstinence compared to other states, suggesting sex differences in gene expression in the SCN during opioid abstinence. Co-expression network analysis identified a black module linked to synaptic signaling and a red module linked to ciliary function, which were positively and negatively associated with intoxication, respectively. Black module genes were positively correlated with addiction-related behaviors during abstinence, while red module genes inversely correlated with these behaviors during intoxication, linking opioid-induced alterations in the SCN to addiction-like phenotypes. These findings highlight the SCN as a dynamic, sex-specific target of opioid exposure and suggests that SCN alterations may contribute to long-term behavioral and physiological consequences of OUD.

HighlightsO_LIDistinct sex specific SCN gene patterns across opioid physiological and behavior
C_LIO_LIIntoxication in females increased synaptic, glutamatergic, and addiction pathways
C_LIO_LICircadian entrainment pathway enriched in females after intoxication
C_LIO_LIRhythmic DE genes may drive sex differences in abstinence
C_LIO_LISCN gene expression correlated with addiction-like behaviors
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Delorme, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sambare, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamble, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg-Woods, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.29.651331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific transcriptional signatures of oxycodone persist during withdrawal and abstinence in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of heterogeneous stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.04.652083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CircRNA hypomethylation in the human amygdala implicates FKBP5 in alcohol use disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.04.652083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome- and phenome-wide association studies implicate the RNA demethylase FTO in alcohol use disorder (AUD), yet the RNA methylation landscape in AUD remains poorly characterized. Analyzing postmortem human basolateral amygdala (BLA) tissue, a key brain region in AUD-related behaviors, we found extensive m6A hypomethylation uniquely affecting circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, FKBP5-hosted circRNAs (circFKBP5s) exhibited pronounced hypomethylation correlating with elevated expression of FKBP5 mRNA isoforms. These findings were replicated in an animal model of alcohol dependence. Predictive analyses suggest that circFKBP5s influence genes involved in neurodevelopmental processes and neuronal identity. These findings uncover a novel aspect of AUD neurobiology linked to circRNA methylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghandour, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glausier, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colnaghi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandel, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandel, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-s. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melas, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.04.652083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CircRNA hypomethylation in the human amygdala implicates FKBP5 in alcohol use disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The LOTUS domain of Oskar promotes localisation of both protein and mRNA components of Drosophila germ plasm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germ cells transmit genetic information to the next generation in multicellular organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster, germ cells are determined by germ plasm, a specialised cytoplasm assembled by the Oskar protein. The current view of the molecular mechanism of germ plasm assembly attributes recruitment of protein and mRNA germ plasm components to distinct domains of the Oskar protein, called the LOTUS and OSK domains respectively. However, most evidence for this model is based on in vitro studies. Here we test the ability of Oskar variants to assemble functional germ plasm in vivo. We found that Vasa recruitment was largely unperturbed by LOTUS deletion or mutations in vivo. In contrast, nanos and pgc mRNA recruitment was affected by LOTUS domain perturbations, despite the current model attributing mRNA recruitment to the distinct OSK domain. Taken together, these data suggest a revision of the prevailing modular view of Oskars structure-function mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Repouliou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srouji, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivard, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Extavour, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The LOTUS domain of Oskar promotes localisation of both protein and mRNA components of Drosophila germ plasm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.03.652067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms and Plasticity in Leaves and Leaflets in a Creeping Legume, Mimosa pudica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.03.652067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mimosa pudica (Fabaceae) is a creeping plant known for its rapid thigmonastic movement upon touch, facilitated by specialized joint-like thickenings called pulvini. This study examines the activation behavior of the primary pulvinus (P1) in response to repeated touch stimuli, providing evidence for a mechanical exhaustion mechanism underlying the response. Experiments were conducted on M. pudica in Cuajiniquil, Costa Rica. Petiole angle change was recorded following repeated P1 stimuli, both with (P3 group) and without (NS-P3 group) concurrent tertiary pulvinus (P3) activation. Results showed the highest mean petiole angle change and P1 activations at the first stimulus, with a significant decline at the second stimulus and sustained lower responses thereafter. Both the NS-P3 and P3 groups exhibited similar overall behavior, characterized by a sharp decline in petiole angle change and P1 activation counts after the first stimulus. However, the P3 group had a lower initial petiole angle change compared to the NS-P3 group, and exhibited significant wave-like behavior, suggesting a more pronounced refractory period due to the combined activation of both P1 and P3 pulvini. The findings support a mechanical exhaustion explanation for the primary pulvinus behavior over repeated stimuli, where the rapid decline and sustained low responses suggest energy depletion and slow ion channel reset.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kellogg, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.03.652067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms and Plasticity in Leaves and Leaflets in a Creeping Legume, Mimosa pudica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.04.652125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cluster of Acidic Residues in the Cytoplasmic Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is Required for Virion-Incorporation and Infectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.04.652125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryLike all coronaviruses, the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles (virions) requires incorporation of the Spike glycoprotein. Yet, the mechanisms that support the virion-incorporation of Spike are incompletely defined. We noted an unusual feature of human sarbecovirus Spike proteins: their cytoplasmic domains (CDs) contain a stretch of acidic amino acids (DEDDSE). This sequence resembles a cluster of acidic residues, or acidic cluster (AC) motif, found in the cytoplasmic domain of the cellular endoprotease Furin. In Furin, the acidic cluster acts as a protein sorting signal, supporting its intracellular localization at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). We tested the contribution of the acidic cluster motif in the Spike CD to protein interactions and to the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. We used virus-like particles (VLPs) as a model for viral "infection" (transduction). The SARS-CoV2 VLPs were produced by co-expressing Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelope (E) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins and deliver an RNA encoding luciferase to target cells expressing the ACE2 receptor. Remarkably, when all five acidic residues of the DEDDSE sequence were replaced with alanines, the VLPs were rendered non-infectious. The N-terminal DE residues provided most of the activity of the acidic cluster. These virologi-cally-impaired Spike mutants were able to reach the cell surface and induce the formation of syncytia, indicating that they are fusogenic and capable of anterograde traffic through the biosynthetic pathway to the plasma membrane. Despite this, they failed to efficiently incorporate into virions. We observed acidic cluster motif-dependent interactions of the Spike CD with several cellular proteins that could potentially support its role in virion-incorporation, including the ERM proteins Ezrin, Radixin, and Moesin; the retromer subunit Vps35, and the medium subunits of the clathrin adaptor complexes AP1 and AP2. While the key cofactor and mechanism of action remains to be defined, this region of acidic residues in the Spike CD appears to be a novel determinant of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stoneham, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Leon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tafelmeyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acosta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzer-Sperber, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewinski, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guatelli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.04.652125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cluster of Acidic Residues in the Cytoplasmic Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is Required for Virion-Incorporation and Infectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.651905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Single-Cell Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Animal Models Reveal Convergent Transcriptomic Dysregulation Involved in Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance and Glial Disfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.651905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents profound clinical and etiological heterogeneity, complicating the identification of core pathophysiological mechanisms. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers cellular resolution but integrating findings across diverse studies remains challenging. Here, we constructed a unified single-cell reference framework by integrating scRNA-seq data from 11 distinct genetic and environmental ASD animal models, encompassing over 300.000 cells across various brain regions and developmental stages. Comparative analyses revealed convergent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across neuronal and glial populations. Cross-model comparisons validated the integration, showing significant concordance between the unified dataset and individual studies, particularly for neuronal populations, and demonstrating how environmental models like valproic acid exposure recapitulate some of the transcriptomic alterations seen in genetic models. Cell communication analyses support widespread excitatory-inhibitory imbalance and with predicted signaling involving ligands like Pdgfa and Reln. Furthermore, we identified significant glial dysfunction, notably downregulation of crucial functional genes in astrocytes and signatures of metabolic dysregulation in mature oligodendrocytes. Cross-referencing with the SFARI database confirmed significant overlap with high-confidence ASD risk genes, with notable dysregulated in specific cell types included Ermn (upregulated in multiple glia), Foxg1 (downregulated in L5/6 NP neurons) and Mef2c (downregulated in MEIS2-like interneurons). Comparison with human scRNA-seq postmortem data revealed conserved dysregulation, highlighting enrichment of presynaptic/postsynaptic translation processes in neurons (implicating CACNAIA, GRIN2B, CAMK2A, ribosomal proteins) along with enrichment for neurodevelopmental disorder pathways in mature oligodendrocytes, involving NRXN and DLGAP gene networks. This integrative study provides unprecedented insight into the convergent cellular and molecular pathologies underlying ASD, establishing a valuable resource for understanding shared mechanisms and identifying new potential therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nani, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, V. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mecawi, A. d. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.05.651905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Single-Cell Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Animal Models Reveal Convergent Transcriptomic Dysregulation Involved in Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance and Glial Disfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Preclinical Alcohol BioBank: Samples from Behaviorally Characterized HS Rats for AUD Research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) imposes a significant global health burden, yet effective treatments remain limited due to the scarcity of well-characterized biological sample repositories. To address this gap, we established the UCSD Alcohol BioBank, a comprehensive resource containing thousands of samples from over 700 genetically diverse heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. Modeled after successful cocaine and oxycodone biobanks, this repository utilizes the chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) model, paired with oral self-administration, to characterize AUD-like behaviors, including ethanol consumption, preference, motivation, and withdrawal symptoms such as allodynia and anxiety-like behavior. Longitudinal samples (blood, urine, and feces) are collected before, during, and after ethanol exposure, while terminal samples (brain, heart, liver, kidneys, cecum, reproductive organs, adrenal glands, peripheral blood mononuclear cells) are obtained at intoxication, acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence, or from naive controls. Samples are preserved via snap-freezing or paraformaldehyde fixation to support diverse applications, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and neuroanatomy. The genetic diversity of HS rats enables genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify AUD-related genetic variants. Freely available to non-profit organizations at www.alcoholbiobank.org, with genetic and behavioral data deposited in public repositories, the Alcohol BioBank facilitates collaborative research to uncover biomarkers and develop novel therapies for AUD, addressing a critical need in addiction science.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaguer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Preclinical Alcohol BioBank: Samples from Behaviorally Characterized HS Rats for AUD Research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Printed Nerve Guidance Conduit for Biologics-Free Nerve Regeneration and Vascular Integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a clinical need for an effective nerve guidance conduit to treat peripheral nerve injuries. Many studies have explored different materials and active cues to guide neural regeneration, with some success. However, none have demonstrated a comparable or better functional recovery than the clinical standard autograft. Autografts are often insufficient for reconstruction of an injury to long nerves such as the sciatic or brachial plexus. Synthetic nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been investigated for these injuries to guide axonal regeneration and lead to functional recovery. We have designed a biologics-free hydrogel-based multi-channel conduit with defined microscale features to guide axonal outgrowth. To investigate extraneural vascular infiltration and its effects on functional recovery, we also designed a multi-microchannel conduit with defined regularly spaced micropores, orthogonal to the axon guidance channels. Using our custom-built Rapid Projection, Image-guided, Dynamic (RaPID) bioprinting system, we are able to fabricate each hydrogel conduit within minutes from a milliliter-volume prepolymer vat. With our state-of-the-art printing platform, we have achieved NGCs with a consistent channel wall width of 10 microns. We implanted the NGCs for 17 weeks in a murine sciatic nerve transection injury model. We assessed the functional recovery by dynamic gait analysis throughout the recovery period and by compound muscle action potential (CMAP) electrophysiology before NGC harvesting. Both the non-porous and micro-porous conduit groups led to functional nerve regeneration on par with the autograft group. Further, both conduit groups resulted in restoration of bulk motor function to pre-injury performance.

Translational Impact StatementWe have developed a synthetic therapeutic that can be implanted to aid nerve regeneration after a debilitating injury that performs similarly to the current clinical standard treatment. One major hurdle to clinically translating an implantable therapeutic is needing to include biologics such as cells or active biomolecules, which increases the regulatory burden. With this in mind, we systematically developed a biologics-free synthetic hydrogel nerve guidance conduit, composed of polymer backbones that have been used in many FDA-approved applications, capable of restoring motor function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schimelman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, Q. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Printed Nerve Guidance Conduit for Biologics-Free Nerve Regeneration and Vascular Integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative CRISPR Screens and RNA-Omics Discover an Essential Role for PUF60-3' Splice Site Interactions in Cancer Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. Understanding which and how RBPs promote cancer progression is crucial for cancers that lack effective targeted therapies such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we employ both in vitro and in vivo pooled CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify 50 RBP candidates that are essential for TNBC cell survival. Integrated eCLIP and RNA-sequencing analysis identify that poly(U)-binding splicing factor 60 (PUF60) drives exon inclusion within proliferation-associated transcripts that, when mis-spliced, induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. Furthermore, disrupting PUF60 interactions with 3 splice sites via a substitution in its RNA-binding domain causes widespread exon skipping, leading to downregulation of proliferation-associated mRNAs and inducing apoptosis in TNBC cells. We demonstrate that loss of PUF60-RNA interactions inhibits TNBC cell proliferation and shrinks tumor xenografts, revealing the molecular mechanism by which PUF60 supports cancer progression.

SignificanceOur work demonstrates functional in vivo screening of RBPs as an effective strategy for identifying unexpected cancer regulators. Here, we reveal a crucial role for PUF60-mediated splicing activity in supporting oncogenic proliferation rates and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tankka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Einstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naritomi, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarsam, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antal, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative CRISPR Screens and RNA-Omics Discover an Essential Role for PUF60-3' Splice Site Interactions in Cancer Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Overexpression of Endogenous Transcription Factors to Enhance Lipid Accumulation in the Commercially Relevant Species Chlamydomonas pacifica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.01.651737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sustainable low-carbon energy solutions are critical to mitigating global carbon emissions. Algae-based platforms offer potential by converting carbon dioxide into valuable products while aiding carbon sequestration. However, scaling algae cultivation faces challenges like contamination in outdoor systems. Previously, our lab evolved Chlamydomonas pacifica, an extremophile green alga, which tolerates high temperature, pH, salinity, and light, making it ideal for large-scale bioproduct production, including biodiesel. Here, we enhanced lipid accumulation in evolved C. pacifica by identifying and overexpressing key endogenous transcription factors through genome-wide in-silico analysis and in-vivo testing. These factors include Lipid Remodeling Regulator 1 (CpaLRL1), Nitrogen Response Regulator 1 (CpaNRR1), Compromised Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerols 7 (CpaCHT7), and Phosphorus Starvation Response 1 (CpaPSR1). Under nitrogen deprivation, CpaLRL1, CpaNRR1, and CpaCHT7 overexpression enhanced lipid accumulation compared to wildtype. However, CpaPSR1 increased lipid accumulation compared to wildtype in normal media despite causing no effect under nitrogen depravation, highlighting the difference in function based on media conditions. Notably, lipid analysis of CpaPSR1 under normal media conditions revealed a 2.4-fold increase in triglycerides (TAGs) compared to the wild type, highlighting its potential for biodiesel production. This approach provides a framework for transcription factor-focused metabolic engineering in algae, advancing bioenergy and biomaterial production.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=150 SRC="FIGDIR/small/651737v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (29K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8ab995org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19dff1forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d865aborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fafd12_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Created with BioRender.com.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molino, J. V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wnuk-Fink, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santo, E. d. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres-Tiji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.01.651737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Overexpression of Endogenous Transcription Factors to Enhance Lipid Accumulation in the Commercially Relevant Species Chlamydomonas pacifica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.03.651604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic nicotine treatment enhanced cognition and reduced neuroinflammation in the gp120 transgenic mouse model of neuroHIV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.03.651604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleAntiretroviral development has improved the longevity of people with HIV (PWH), but many experience impaired cognition potentially due to neuroinflammation. PWH smoke cigarettes at higher rates than the general population, possibly for self-medication given cognitive-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties of nicotine, the primary psychoactive ingredient cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that chronic nicotine would improve cognition in a mouse model of HIV, gp120 transgenic (Tg) mice, and reduce neuroinflammation.

MethodsMale and female gp120-Tg mice (n=64) and littermate controls (n=67) were operantly trained then tested for effortful motivation in the progressive ratio breakpoint task (PRBT). Mice were counter-balanced into three groups for saline or nicotine minipump implantation (0, 14 or 40 mg/kg/day) then retested 25 days later in the PRBT, probabilistic reversal learning task (PRLT - reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility), and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT - risk-based decision-making), with a subset tested for neuroinflammation (Iba-1 levels).

ResultsGp120-Tg mice exhibited worse PRLT performance, attenuated by nicotine. Furthermore, nicotine selectively optimized their response strategies in the PRLT and IGT, increasing loss sensitivity, shifting animals towards "safer" responses. No motivation effects were observed. Nicotine also reduced Iba-1 expression, suggesting that its cognitive-enhancing effects may relate to reduced neuroinflammation.

ConclusionGp120-Tg mice exhibited deficits in the PRLT, which are attenuated by chronic nicotine. Furthermore, nicotine improved reinforcement learning and risky decision-making supporting its therapeutic potential for cognitive deficits in PWH, possibly via reducing neuroinflammation. With potential negative consequences of long-term nicotine use, future studies should determine its mechanism of action to develop more targeted therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayoub, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dexter, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noback, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flesher, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minassian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.03.651604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic nicotine treatment enhanced cognition and reduced neuroinflammation in the gp120 transgenic mouse model of neuroHIV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spatial code governs olfactory receptor choice and aligns sensory maps in the nose and brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.02.651738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although topographical maps organize many peripheral sensory systems, it remains unclear whether olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) choose which of the [~]1100 odor receptors (ORs) to express based upon their spatial location in the olfactory epithelium (OE) or instead ORs are scattered randomly. Here we reveal that each OR is expressed at a precise mean position along the OE dorsoventral axis, thereby instantiating a receptor map. This patterning reflects the differential use, by precursors and mature OSNs, of a coherent gene expression program controlled by a spatially-varying retinoic acid gradient; this program -- which includes key transcription factors and axon guidance genes -- translates position into a spatially appropriate distribution of OR choices and aligns the epithelial map of OR identity with the glomerular map present in the olfactory bulb. These results identify a transcriptional code that distinguishes and spatially organizes the vast array of sensory channels that comprise the olfactory system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brann, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsukahara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalloor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubash, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thamarai Kannan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimpert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kollo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escamilla-Del-Arenal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.02.651738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spatial code governs olfactory receptor choice and aligns sensory maps in the nose and brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of the branched-chain amino acid pathway and its crosstalk to carbon metabolism in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.05.652184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the TORC1 pathway regulates the transition from rapid fermentative growth to respiration during the diauxic shift, by tightly coordinating energy- and biomass-producing pathways. Although leucine and other components of the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathway are known TORC1 regulators, how the BCAA pathway is controlled across this transition and influences the crosstalk between central carbon and amino acid metabolism remains unclear. By integrating high-throughput flow cytometry and untargeted LC-MS metabolomics into a thermodynamically curated genome-scale model, we profiled protein levels, metabolite dynamics, and cellular context during the diauxic shift of a GFP-tagged strain library of the BCAA pathway in wild-type and mutants lacking non-essential genes for BCAA biosynthesis. This analysis revealed that the BCAA pathway operates in two branches, with only the leucine-committed branch exhibiting a fermentative signature aligned with TORC1 activity. We further identified key regulatory elements and showed that dysregulation of the BCAA pathway disrupts distant metabolic circuits, including central carbon metabolism. Our findings highlight the dynamic role of the BCAA pathway in metabolic network integration during the diauxic shift.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Escalera-Fanjul, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolaji, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drotleff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeLuna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klipp, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.05.652184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of the branched-chain amino acid pathway and its crosstalk to carbon metabolism in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competition, Mutualism, and Host Immune Control in a Cancer Microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microbiome functions as an ecological community, where diverse microbes engage in metabolically mediated interactions such as mutualism and competition. Host immune response can regulate microbial community richness and abundance, which in turn can shape the prevalence of different ecological interactions within the microbiome. Theory predicts that host immune states shift dominant interaction modes among microbes: inflammation favors competition, while immunosuppression favors mutualism. We test these theoretical predictions using the stomach cancer microbiome data through integrated genomic and metabolic analyses. We observe that tumors with high-richness and high-abundance microbiomes were associated with increased mutualistic interactions, whereas tumors with low-richness and low-abundance microbiomes had fewer mutualistic interactions. Host immune gene expression in the high-richness and abundance group was suggestive of a dysregulated or immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment, whereas in the low-richness and abundance group immune signatures were indicative of intact immune function. Notably, competitive interactions remained relatively consistent between groups, whereas mutualism varied markedly, highlighting its sensitivity to shifts in immune state. Finally, the microbiome and host immune states were linked to patient clinical outcomes, with high-richness and abundance microbiomes associated with poorer survival and elevated expression of immune markers linked to adverse prognosis. These results reveal how host immune control can covary with ecological interactions within the microbiome, and the potential consequences of these interactions for host health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akcay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.06.652496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competition, Mutualism, and Host Immune Control in a Cancer Microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Covariance Network Properties Predictive of Early Adolescent Alcohol Initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.08.652983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceEarly alcohol initiation (before age 15) is associated with adverse outcomes. Understanding mechanisms behind early alcohol initiation is essential for informing prevention efforts.

ObjectiveTo examine whether structural covariance network properties at ages 9-10 years predict early alcohol initiation.

DesignCase-control, population-based study design.

SettingData from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study were used. Baseline structural brain imaging data (ages 9-10) were used for generation and comparison of structural covariance networks. Data from baseline to 4-year follow-up ([&le;]age 15) assessments were used to determine alcohol initiation.

ParticipantsParticipants were excluded if they reported consuming a full drink of alcohol at baseline, or did not meet imaging inclusion criteria. Controls were excluded if they had not yet been assessed or were missing substance use data at 4-year follow-up. In total, 3,878 participants met study criteria, of which 182 participants initiated alcohol. Structural covariance network properties were compared between the full sample and a 1:1 propensity-matched sample based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion, parental education, prenatal alcohol exposure, and baseline alcohol sipping.

Main Outcomes and MeasuresStructural covariance networks were estimated using regional cortical thickness and volume measurements. Measures of network segregation (modularity, clustering coefficient), integration (characteristic path length, global efficiency), and resilience (degree assortativity) were compared between groups. Early alcohol initiation was defined as consuming a full drink between baseline and 4-year follow-up

ResultsAlcohol initiators (n=182, median[IQR] age, 10.3[9.9-10.8]; 101 female[55.5%]) demonstrated lower network segregation (modularity: area-under-the-curve[AUC] difference[95%CI]=-0.017[-0.017,-0.007], p=0.030; clustering coefficient: AUC[95%CI]=-0.026[-0.027,-0.012], p=0.0495) and higher network integration (characteristic path length: AUC[95%CI]=-0.106[-0.099,-0.046], p=0.020; global efficiency: AUC[95%CI]=0.011[0.005,0.011], p=0.010), compared to non-initiators (n=3,696, median[IQR] age, 9.9[9.4-10.4]; 1750 female[47.4%]) when controlling for age, sex, and mean cortical thickness. Within the matched sample, only differences in network integration were preserved (characteristic path length: AUC[95%CI]=-0.044[-0.032,0.035], p=0.010; global efficiency: AUC[95%CI]=0.003[-0.003,0.003], p=0.040). There were no differences between full or matched samples when comparing cortical volume structural covariance networks.

Conclusions and RelevanceDifferences in cortical thickness structural covariance network properties at ages 9-10 predicted alcohol initiation before age 15. These findings suggest cortical thickness network topology may reflect a neuroanatomical risk marker for early alcohol initiation.

Key pointsO_ST_ABSQuestionC_ST_ABSDo structural covariance network properties at age 9-10 years predict alcohol initiation prior to age 15?

FindingsIn this case-control study of 3,878 participants, early adolescent alcohol initiators demonstrated differences in cortical thickness network integration and segregation compared to their non-initiating peers.

MeaningAlcohol-naive adolescents who initiate alcohol use early in life demonstrate differences in structural brain network organization compared to their abstinent peers, which may reflect a neuroanatomical risk marker for early alcohol use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Byrne, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visontay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Squeglia, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mewton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.08.652983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Covariance Network Properties Predictive of Early Adolescent Alcohol Initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptic dynamics govern spatial integration in mouse visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in primary visual cortex are often suppressed by stimuli extending beyond their receptive fields. This surround suppression is proposed to reduce the redundancy of encoding large stimuli and support scene segmentation. We find that surround suppression decreases firing rates in mouse primary visual cortex by accelerating the decay of visually-evoked responses and reducing response duration. The rapid decay of visual responses at large sizes is enhanced by increased contrast, reduced by locomotion, and invariant to stimulus orientation, consistent with the engagement of a network mechanism. While fast-spiking interneurons have faster dynamics relative to neighboring pyramidal cells, the dynamics of somatostatin-expressing interneurons are delayed. At the subthreshold level, the rapid decay of visual responses with increasing size is due to a delayed removal of both synaptic excitation and inhibition below baseline levels following visual input. We propose that the delayed activation of somatostatin-expressing interneurons drives a network-wide suppression and accelerates the decay of the visual response. Thus, these data identify a key role for synaptic network dynamics in regulating both spatial and temporal integration in mouse visual cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammarata, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glickfeld, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.11.653343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptic dynamics govern spatial integration in mouse visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social Exclusion Amplifies Behavioral Responses to Physical Pain via Insular Neuromodulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The "Pain Overlap Theory" (1) proposes that the experience of social pain overlaps with and amplifies the experience of physical pain by sharing parts of the same underlying processing systems (2-6). In humans, the insular cortex has been implicated in this overlap of physical and social pain, but a mechanistic link has not been made (2,4,5,7-9). To determine whether social pain can subsequently impact responses to nociceptive stimuli via convergent electrical signals (spikes) or convergent chemical signals (neuromodulators), we designed a novel Social Exclusion paradigm termed the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) Task which facilitates a mechanistic investigation in mice. We found that socially-excluded mice display more severe responses to physical pain, disrupted valence encoding, and impaired neural representations of nociceptive stimuli. We performed a systematic biosensor panel and found that endocannabinoid and oxytocin signaling in the insular cortex have opposing responses during trials where mice were attending or not attending to the Social Exclusion events respectively, demonstrating distinct neuromodulatory substrates that underpin different states of Social Exclusion. We also found that intra-insular blockade of oxytocin signaling increased the response to physical pain following Social Exclusion. Together these findings suggest Social Exclusion effectively alters physical pain perception using neuromodulatory signaling in the insular cortex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aloboudi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Say, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nono, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delahanty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keyes, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wichmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taschbach, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benna, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tye, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.09.653162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social Exclusion Amplifies Behavioral Responses to Physical Pain via Insular Neuromodulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.652513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
1-Deoxysphingolipids dysregulate membrane properties and cargo trafficking in the early secretory pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.652513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1-Deoxysphingolipids are non-canonical sphingolipids linked to several diseases, but their cellular effects are poorly understood. Here, we utilize lipid chemical biology approaches to investigate the role of 1-deoxysphingolipid metabolism on the properties and functions of secretory membranes. We first applied organelle-specific bioorthogonal labeling to visualize the subcellular distribution of metabolically tagged 1-deoxysphingolipids in RPE-1 cells, observing that they are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that 1-deoxysphingolipids can be transported by the non-vesicular transporter CERT in vitro but are retained at ER exit sites (ERES) in cells, suggesting that they do not efficiently sort into vesicular carriers. Cells expressing disease-associated variants of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (SPT) accumulated long-chain 1-deoxysphingolipids, which reduced ER membrane fluidity and enlarged ERES. We observed that the rates of membrane protein release from the ER were altered in response to mutant SPT expression, in a manner that was dependent on the cargo affinity for ordered or disordered membranes. We propose that dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism alters secretory membrane properties, which can then modulate protein trafficking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frederic-Lipp, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidel, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laguerre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solorio-Kirpichyan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brea, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGregor, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devaraj, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuerschner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.13.652513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[1-Deoxysphingolipids dysregulate membrane properties and cargo trafficking in the early secretory pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FEMA-Long: Modeling unstructured covariances for discovery of time-dependent effects in large-scale longitudinal datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While linear mixed-effects (LME) models are common for analyzing longitudinal data, most users rely on random intercepts or simple stationary covariance, due to unavailability of computationally tractable solutions. Here, we extend the Fast and Efficient Mixed-Effects Algorithm (FEMA) and present FEMA-Long, a computationally tractable approach to flexibly modeling longitudinal covariance suitable for high-dimensional data. FEMA-Long can: i) model unstructured covariance, ii) model covariates as smooth functions using splines, iii) discover time-dependent effects of covariates with spline interactions, and iv) use these flexible longitudinal modeling strategies to perform longitudinal genome-wide association studies and discover time-dependent genetic effects, in a computationally scalable manner, suitable for high-dimensional data. Through extensive simulations, we show that estimates from FEMA-Long are accurate, while being up to several thousand times faster and with minimal carbon footprint. To show the utility of FEMA-Long for discovering novel biological signal, using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), we performed a longitudinal genome-wide association study with non-linear SNP-by-time interaction on length, weight, and BMI of 68,273 infants with up to six measurements in the first year of life. We found dynamic patterns of random effects including time-varying heritability and genetic correlations, as well as several genetic variants showing time-dependent effects, highlighting the applicability of FEMA-Long to enable novel discoveries. FEMA-Long is available at: https://github.com/cmig-research-group/cmig_tools.

Author summaryMost large-scale datasets have complexities such as repeated measures, related individuals, or other dependencies across samples, preventing the use of standard regression approaches for analysis. In such circumstances, linear mixed-effects modeling is often employed. However, for high-dimensional datasets, fitting these models is quite challenging. Further, most standard uses of linear mixed-effects modeling focus on simpler covariance models, which may not hold. Here, we introduce FEMA-Long, a novel computationally efficient analytical framework for fitting linear mixed-effects models with time-varying random effects, as well as allowing the effect of the covariates to change smoothly over time by using splines. This is particularly relevant when, for example, studying the effect of genetic variants on phenotypes, where the effects could be non-linear over time. The FEMA-Long framework allows time-varying heritability as well as discovery of genetic variants that show time-dependent effects. By performing a genome-wide association study on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) using FEMA-Long, we show the discovery of genetic variants with time-dependent effects on infant length, weight, and BMI during the first year of life. Our results highlight the potential of using FEMA-Long to make novel discoveries that can lead to biological insights on the genetics of complex traits as well as improve the potential of using genetics for personalized prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parekh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaudel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahołkowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonderby, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkenaes, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Meer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njolstad, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.09.653146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FEMA-Long: Modeling unstructured covariances for discovery of time-dependent effects in large-scale longitudinal datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653285v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Structured Illumination Microscopy with rsEGFP2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653285v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Superresolution microscopy enables imaging of subcellular structures and dynamics with nanoscale detail. Among the various superresolution techniques, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) stands out for its compatibility with live-cell imaging. Linear SIM is restricted to a resolution improvement of a factor of two, improving the resolution to about 100 nm. Nonlinear SIM (NSIM) utilizes reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins to generate a nonlinear response, allowing for the collection of higher spatial frequency information and theoretically extending the resolution without limit. By employing rsEGFP2 and patterned depletion illumination (PD) to generate the desired nonlinearity in the fluorescent response, we have successfully achieved 2D PD-NSIM imaging of actin in live U2OS cells with sub-80 nm resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamura, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banzai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamiyama, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.11.653285</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Structured Illumination Microscopy with rsEGFP2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Skeletonization of neuronal processes using Discrete Morse techniques from computational topology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To understand biological intelligence we need to map neuronal networks in vertebrate brains. Mapping mesoscale neural circuitry is done using injections of tracers that label groups of neurons whose axons project to different brain regions. Since many neurons are labeled, it is difficult to follow individual axons. Previous approaches have instead quantified the regional projections using the total label intensity within a region. However, such a quantification is not biologically meaningful. We propose a new approach better connected to the underlying neurons by skeletonizing labeled axon fragments and then estimating a volumetric length density. Our approach uses a combination of deep nets and the Discrete Morse (DM) technique from computational topology. This technique takes into account nonlocal connectivity information and therefore provides noise-robustness. We demonstrate the utility and scalability of the approach on whole-brain tracer injected data. We also define and illustrate an information theoretic measure that quantifies the additional information obtained, compared to the skeletonized tracer injection fragments, when individual axon morphologies are available. Our approach is the first application of the DM technique to computational neuroanatomy. It can help bridge between single-axon skeletons and tracer injections, two important data types in mapping neural networks in vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tward, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savoia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.12.653477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Skeletonization of neuronal processes using Discrete Morse techniques from computational topology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular metabolic state controls mitochondrial RNA kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human mitochondrial genome encodes essential genes for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. These genes must be transcribed and translated in coordination with nuclear-encoded OXPHOS components to ensure correct stoichiometry during OXPHOS complex assembly in the mitochondria. While much is known about nuclear gene regulation during metabolic stresses like glucose deprivation, little is known about the accompanying transcriptional response in mitochondria. Using microscopy, roadblocking qPCR, and transcriptomics, we studied mitochondrial transcription in cells subjected to glucose deprivation, which is known to cause nuclear transcription downregulation and to activate the integrated stress response (ISR). We found that glucose deprivation stabilizes mitochondrial RNAs and slows mitochondrial transcription, effects that are quickly reversed with glucose reintroduction. Although transcriptomics revealed strong upregulation of the ISR, mitochondrial RNA stabilization was not upregulated by pharmacological activation of the ISR, but was promoted by inhibition of glycolysis, unveiling a direct connection between metabolism and regulation of mitochondrial gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reardon, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bautista, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishanina, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.13.653903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular metabolic state controls mitochondrial RNA kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustainable production of plastic-degrading enzymes in Chlamydomonas pacifica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of a new extremophile alga, Chlamydomonas pacifica, provides an opportunity to expand on heterologous protein expression beyond the traditional Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. C. pacifica is a unicellular extremophile capable of surviving at high pH, high temperatures, and high salinity. These various growth conditions allow C. pacifica to outcompete any invading contaminants in open-air environments. Developing this novel species as a platform for recombinant protein production could significantly advance commercial microalgal recombinant protein production. We have previously shown that C. reinhardtii can secrete a plastic-degrading enzyme: a PETase known as PHL7. This PETase is capable of cleaving ester bonds and has been used commercially for the degradation of PET plastics. However, the expression of such an enzyme has yet to be done in open raceway ponds and on a large scale. Here, we describe the culturing of PHL7 transgenic C. pacifica strain in three 80L raceway ponds and the measurements of recombinant enzymatic expression and activity found in the culture media. Our work provides proof of concept that this new organism can produce functional PHL7 enzymes in addition to producing the valuable components that inherently exist in the C. pacifica algae biomass.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=108 SRC="FIGDIR/small/654053v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10065a3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@110c456org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c9efc6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9ceea1_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diaz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutra Molino, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saucedo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>do Espirito Santo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simkovsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayfield, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustainable production of plastic-degrading enzymes in Chlamydomonas pacifica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smed-pou4-2 regulates mechanosensory neuron regeneration and function in planarians 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
POU4 homologs are involved in the development of sensory cell types across diverse species, including cnidarians, ascidians, and mammals. Whether these developmental regulators are redeployed during adult tissue maintenance and regeneration is an open question in regenerative biology. Here, we investigate the role of the Schmidtea mediterranea BRN3/POU4 homolog, Smed-pou4-2 (pou4-2), in the regeneration of mechanosensory neurons. We find that pou4-2 is regulated by the SoxB1 homolog, soxB1-2, and is expressed in a distinct population of ciliated sensory cells that detect water flow. Transcriptomic analysis of pou4-2-deficient planarians reveals enrichment for conserved genes associated with human auditory and vestibular function, suggesting that planarian rheosensory neurons share molecular features with mammalian inner ear hair cells. Expression of these conserved genes is significantly reduced following RNAi-mediated knockdown of pou4-2. To determine whether these transcriptional changes have functional consequences for mechanosensory neuron identity or behavior, we assessed the impact of pou4-2 knockdown on sensory function. pou4-2 RNAi results in impaired mechanosensation in both uninjured and regenerating planarians. Together with the loss of terminal differentiation markers in mechanosensory neurons, these findings identify Smed-pou4-2 as a key regulator of mechanosensory neuron identity in planarians and support the idea that conserved sensory specification programs are redeployed during adult tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McCubbin, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwal, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zepeda, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasik, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeller, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zayas, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.654132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smed-pou4-2 regulates mechanosensory neuron regeneration and function in planarians]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4B as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the availability of nearly 40 approved anti-seizure medications (ASMs), at least one-third of individuals with epilepsy remain refractory to treatment, and many experience life-limiting cognitive or psychiatric side effects. Using a machine learning-guided platform, we identified PDE4 as an underexplored anti-seizure target, which became further validated based on its enriched expression in seizure-relevant brain regions and its potential to modulate excitatory/inhibitory neuronal tone via cAMP signaling. The pan-PDE4 inhibitor crisaborole partially protected against hyperthermia-induced seizures and reduced spontaneous seizures in Scn1a+/- mice, while rolipram and roflumilast showed no efficacy at tolerable doses. SN-2000, a first-in-kind allosteric modulator of PDE4B, was rationally designed for isoform selectivity and brain penetration, and demonstrated versatile reduction of seizure activity across multiple zebrafish and rodent genetic and acquired epilepsy models, with efficacy comparable to standard-of-care ASMs. SN-2000 also demonstrated favorable behavioral outcomes, reducing post-ictal aggression and anxiety-like behaviors, and improving cognitive performance in both wild-type and epileptic mice. These effects were linked to paradoxical regulation of excitatory and neuronal activity in the cortex and thalamus of epileptic mice, respectively, as well as elevated cAMP signaling and downstream pCREB activation. Together, these findings support PDE4B inhibition as a disease-relevant mechanism in epilepsy, and position SN-2000 as a promising therapeutic candidate offering seizure control without the neuropsychiatric burden of existing ASMs and potential pro-cognitive properties.

One Sentence SummarySN-2000, a novel allosteric PDE4 inhibitor, reduces seizure activity and shows psychiatric-neutral and pro-cognitive properties in preclinical models
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinch, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogra, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibhazehiebo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noschang, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rho, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurrasch, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.13.653835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4B as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
sKL/mKL Transcript Ratio and Protein Localization Define a Species- and Region-Specific Klotho Signature in the CNS and AD Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.653838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
-Klotho is a multifunctional protein widely recognized for its anti-aging and neuroprotective properties. This study investigates the expression and localization of the secreted Klotho (s-KL) isoform in the human brain and its potential role in Alzheimers disease. Using RT-qPCR, we observed that the s-KL transcript predominates over the membrane-bound KL (m-KL) in multiple brain regions, a pattern consistent in macaques and lemurs. Immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the presence of the s-KL protein in human and mouse brain parenchyma, revealing species-specific cellular localization. In human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), s-KL constitutes [~]28% of total KL, with levels significantly reduced in mild dementia-AD patients. These findings underscore s-KLs potential neuroprotective role and highlight its differential regulation and expression during AD progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blanch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esandi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero-Yagüe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Rey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roig-Soriano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lleo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mestre-Frances, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meseguer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanciego, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almolda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chillon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.13.653838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[sKL/mKL Transcript Ratio and Protein Localization Define a Species- and Region-Specific Klotho Signature in the CNS and AD Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cold-inducible phospholipid--protein interaction in brown fat mitochondria optimizes thermogenic capacity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold stress elicits dynamic remodeling of the mitochondrial lipidome in brown adipose tissue (BAT), marked by an increase in arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (AA-PE). However, the function of membrane lipid rewiring in thermoregulatory physiology has been a longstanding mystery. Here, we identify LPCAT3 as a cold-regulated O-acyltransferase driving the highly selective accrual of AA-PE in BAT mitochondria. Lipid-based proteomics, molecular dynamics simulations, and bioenergetic analyses reveal that AA-PE partitions at the COX4I1 interface of the Cytochrome c oxidase complex, enhancing electron transport chain (ETC) efficiency. Accordingly, fat-specific Lpcat3-knockout mice have defects in respiratory-dependent BAT thermogenesis and cold tolerance, despite intact {beta}-adrenergic signaling and UCP1 function. Under cold acclimation, Lpcat3-/-BAT exhibits ETC dysfunction and activation of the integrated stress-response. Thus, our study illuminates a cold-regulated lipid-protein interaction as a gating factor in UCP1-dependent thermogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shimanaka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tol, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha-Roa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jellinek, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedard, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milner, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melillo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoucri, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiles, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shum, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weston, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohn, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitelegge, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertholet, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cravatt, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houten, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirihai, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tontonoz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.654206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cold-inducible phospholipid--protein interaction in brown fat mitochondria optimizes thermogenic capacity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redirecting cytomegalovirus immunity against pancreas cancer for immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.15.654308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunotherapy shows limited success in pancreatic cancer, largely due to a low mutational burden and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here we hypothesized that pre-existing antiviral immunity can be redirected to control pancreatic tumors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV, a {beta}-herpesvirus) was chosen, as the majority of the population is infected and it induces an extremely large/broad memory T cell response. Mice latently infected with murine CMV (MCMV) were orthotopically implanted with pancreatic cancer cells and treated with systemic injections of MCMV T-cell epitopes. The therapy promoted preferential accumulation of MCMV-specific T cells within pancreatic tumors, delaying tumor growth and increasing survival. Immunophenotyping and scRNAseq analyses showed these T cells were highly activated and cytotoxic, leading to increased tumor necrosis and caspase-3 activation. Finally, therapy was enhanced when combined with subtherapeutic doses of gemcitabine chemotherapy. Together, these results show that CMV-specific T cells can be repurposed to combat pancreatic cancer.

SignificanceOur studies reveal that CMV-specific viral memory T cells can be re-directed to control a solid tumor normally refractory to immunotherapy via a simple, intravenous injection of T cell peptide epitopes. This mutation agnostic approach has significant potential for the development of "off-the-shelf" therapeutics by stimulating pre-existing antiviral memory and it is widely applicable due to the high prevalence of CMV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marrocco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero-Meza, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martsinkovskiy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaljuli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mose, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benedict, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado de Mendoza, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.15.654308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redirecting cytomegalovirus immunity against pancreas cancer for immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.653879v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An origin for a eukaryotic lipid transfer protein fold in Asgard archaea 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.653879v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of eukaryotic cells necessitated the advent of machinery to transport phospholipids, the molecular building blocks of cell membranes, to support organelle proliferation. Eukaryotes share several classes of highly conserved lipid transfer proteins (LTP) that associate with donor membranes, bind individual phospholipids, and shuttle them to acceptor membranes. Because cells lacking organelles do not require extensive lipid transport networks, it is not known if this machinery pre-dated eukaryotic organelles or had to evolve alongside them. Here we describe a class of phospholipid transporters in the Asgard achaea that share key structural and functional similarities to eukaryotic LTPs in the START domain superfamily. Asgards contain three classes of START proteins, StarAsg1-3, which are conserved across most Asgard phyla. Of these, StarAsg1 family proteins contain the predicted structural features necessary for lipid transfer: large, hydrophobic binding pockets lined with amphipathic motifs for membrane docking. In contrast, StarAsg2 and StarAsg3 family proteins contain smaller binding cavities and minimal predicted membrane interactions. StarAsg1 from Lokiarchaeia interacts with anionic membranes both in vitro and in yeast cells, where it binds phospholipids. Lipid transfer assays show that StarAsg1 from Lokiarchaeia can exchange several classes of phospholipids between membranes, as eukaryotic START LTPs do. Structural phylogeny of START domains across the tree of life suggest that eukaryotic LTPs could share a common ancestry with StarAsg1 homologs, while StarAsg2 and StarAsg3 form a monophyletic group with a eukaryotic heat shock protein co-chaperone. We propose that the presence of inter-membrane lipid transporters in the ancestors of eukaryotic cells could have facilitated the development of complex intracellular organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lipp, N.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.16.653879</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An origin for a eukaryotic lipid transfer protein fold in Asgard archaea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.654683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrical Stimulation Rejuvenates Tunicates: Altered Stem Cell and Immune Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.654683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Applicable methods of rejuvenating organisms and improving resistance to environmental stimuli are needed. During attempts to synchronize heart rates in unhealthy colonial chordates, we observed morphological rejuvenation. While the importance of endogenously generated bioelectric currents in development is well-established1,2, and exogenously applied current has shown promise in regenerative medicine3,4,5,6,7,8,9, a model that robustly increases longevity and fertility while providing detailed mechanistic insights has not been reported. Here, we report the establishment of such a model using pulsatile electrical current (PEC) in Botryllus schlosseri, an established colonial chordate model10,11,12,13,14,15. PEC treatment significantly improved survival, morphological integrity, stem cell mediated regeneration, and gonad production in Botryllus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed pathway changes associated with cellular metabolism, cell cycle, stem cell activity, DNA repair, and immune modulation. Notably, PEC-induced expression patterns resemble the exercise-induced macrophage-associated transcriptional response previously observed across several mammalian species16,17. This transcriptomic signature correlated with an increase in immune-cell-containing populations. These findings demonstrate that PEC can improve longevity, vitality, and reproduction in an established model renowned for defining broadly applicable biological principles. These studies offer insights into novel strategies for promoting healthy aging and organismal survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Domen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voskoboynik, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domen, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishizuka, K. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmeri, K. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anselmi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rolander, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detweiler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandy, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voskoboynik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.17.654683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrical Stimulation Rejuvenates Tunicates: Altered Stem Cell and Immune Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analgesic actions of Intrathecal NaV 1.7 antisense in rats: loss of antagonist channel binding, message depletion, and neuraxial distribution of oligonucleotide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenome targeting strategies to address NaV 1.7 mediated signaling in nociceptive afferents produce highly selective and persistent analgesic outcomes. Here, we analyze the concentration-dependent effects of the reduction of primary afferent NaV 1.7 channel expression by intrathecal delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide on pain behaviors and the covariance of Scn9a knock-down on NaV 1.7 message expression and channel binding.

MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with lumbar intrathecal catheters and dosed with different NaV 1.7 ASO concentrations (100 to 3000 g;10 L). Pain behavior assays were conducted 0-28 days after ASO injections. Brain, spinal cords (SC) and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were collected. Quantification of ASO knock-down was assessed through RT-qPCR. NaV 1.7 expression was assessed by binding of NaV 1.7 fluorescent labeled antagonist (ATTO488PTx-II). Distribution studies were performed using anti-ASO antibody staining in brain, SCs and DRGs.

ResultsNaV 1.7 message was detected in nerve, DRG and SC. Intrathecal ASO induced a concentration dependent gradient of knock down in DRGs (lumbar to cervical) of Scn9a mRNA and ATTO488PTx-II binding in small DRG neurons, and in spinal parenchyma, and a suppression of pain behaviors initiated by mechanical compression, inflammation and following intraplantar NaV1.7 agonist (OD1) or formalin. At 1000 {micro}g, there was a 47% reduction in phase 2 flinching, a 60% reduction in DRG mRNA and a 36% reduction in ATTO488PTx-II DRG binding in comparison with mismatch controls. Although marked changes were seen at the sensory ganglia level and spinal dorsal horn, no changes in NaV 1.7 binding or mRNA were detected in sciatic nerves. Reduction in DRG message displayed a rostrocaudal gradient that corresponded with ASO distribution.

ConclusionsThe study presents how NaV 1.7 ASOs reduce primary afferent channel binding through an effective knock-down on Scn9a mRNA, and channel binding leading to a covariate reduction in pain behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malange, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemes, J. B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anchondo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urbina, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadhav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dochnal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kambalimath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzsimmons, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazur, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kordasiewicz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analgesic actions of Intrathecal NaV 1.7 antisense in rats: loss of antagonist channel binding, message depletion, and neuraxial distribution of oligonucleotide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The anterior olfactory nucleus mediates curious exploration evoked by novel odors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spontaneous exploratory reaction to novel stimuli reflects a fundamental form of curiosity, which is widely observed in the animal kingdom. How sensory systems mediate the recognition of novel stimuli to evoke exploration is not well understood. To address this question, we presented novel and familiar olfactory stimuli to head-restrained mice, while measuring novelty-evoked exploratory behaviors. In parallel, we recorded neural activity in primary olfactory cortical structures, the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) or the anterior piriform cortex (aPCx). Novelty strongly modulated odor responses in the AON, but only weakly in the aPCx. Pharmacological and chemogenetic inactivation of the AON but not the aPCx disrupted exploratory responses. During long-term habituation over multiple days, sensory representations were drifting in the AON whereas they became stable within one day in the aPCx. Our findings suggest that AON and aPCx play distinct roles in novelty-evoked exploration. While the AON mediates the immediate reaction to novel stimuli, the aPCx exhibits stable stimulus representations, consistent with supporting odor memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Plus, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martijn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giaffar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eleonore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondrakiewicz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haesler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The anterior olfactory nucleus mediates curious exploration evoked by novel odors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perivascular space mediated the interaction between sleep, and brain functional connectivity in the healthy aging population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perivascular space (PVS) surrounds the perforating arteries or draining veins of the cerebral cortex as part of the brain clearance system. Previous studies showed that sleep aTects both brain clearance function and brain functional connectivity (FC). However, the impact of PVS characteristics on brain FC remains unclear. This study investigated these associations and their link to cognition. We utilized cross-sectional structural MRI and resting state-fMRI data from 512 health aging population in the HCP-Aging dataset, together with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and NIH cognitive tests. Our results showed that basal ganglia (BG)-PVS volume fraction (VF) was positively correlated with FC in the right anterior medial temporal gyrus (aMTG) and right temporal regions, while centrum-semiovale (CSO)-PVS VF was positively correlated with FC in the left hippocampus and right frontal regions. Increased CSO-PVS VF in early middle-aged adults showed higher hippocampal FC and better cognitive performance. Interestingly, individuals with longer time spent in bed had larger BG-PVS VF linked to higher FC in the right aMTG. Additionally, older adults with better sleep quality had larger BG-PVS VF linked to higher FC in the right aMTG. These findings suggest that PVS morphology may reflect changes in neural connections involved in memory-related regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shih, N.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choupan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perivascular space mediated the interaction between sleep, and brain functional connectivity in the healthy aging population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.653559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D organoids containing endothelial and neural cells generation by serial inductions of differentiation on human iPSC-derived embryoid bodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.653559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3D brain organoids have been widely used as a tool to study human brain development and disorders. Although endothelial cells play important roles in the brain development and pathogenesis in neurological disorders, most 3D brain organoids lack inherent endothelial cells and need either the addition of endothelial cells or to be transplanted to animals to reconstitute such vascular structures, likely missing the developmental interactions of endothelial cells and other cells in the human brain. In order to reconstitute a 3D organoid mimicking the in vivo neural and endothelial cells development, we cultured iPSC-derived embryoid bodies in sequentially applied endothelial and neuronal induction media along with Matrigel embedding. The resulting 3D organoid consists of both neural cells and endothelial cells with vascular like structures, as determined by immunostaining. With scRNA-Seq analysis, the brain organoid was confirmed to contain neural cell types similar with human brains, including a variety of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and glia. Furthermore, when compared with traditional cerebral organoids without endothelial cells using RNA-Seq analysis, the endothelial containing neural organoids (EC-neural organoids) showed difference in gene profiles and favored angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Of the differentially expressed genes, KRBA2 expression was found higher in neural cells and its inhibition by siRNA treatment resulted in decreased transcriptions of a variety of genes such as neuronal differentiation specific genes but not in genes specific to pluripotent stem cells such as OCT4. The EC-neural organoids also express receptors to SARS-CoV-2 similar to human brains. This 3D model provides a useful tool to study the interactions of endothelial cells and neural cells in the brain development and neural infectious disorders where endothelial cells and pericytes play pivotal roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagnell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gastfriend, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkahloun, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langston, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cookson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.20.653559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D organoids containing endothelial and neural cells generation by serial inductions of differentiation on human iPSC-derived embryoid bodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.655167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perinatal Fentanyl Exposure Drives Enduring Addiction Risk and Central Amygdala Gene Dysregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.655167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of fentanyl and other opioids during pregnancy is a pressing public health issue due to its association with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) and long-term neurobehavioral deficits. Human epidemiologic studies are confounded by both genetic and environmental factors that differ between exposed and unexposed children. We developed a novel rat model of perinatal fentanyl exposure to characterize NOWS symptoms and investigate enduring behavioral and molecular outcomes. Offspring born to fentanyl-exposed dams exhibited reduced survival, lower body weight, spontaneous withdrawal symptoms, and mechanical hypersensitivity. In adolescence, these rats displayed negative affect, while in adulthood, they showed increased fentanyl self-administration, heightened drug-seeking during reinstatement, and elevated corticosterone levels during withdrawal. To explore the molecular underpinnings of these physiological and behavioral outcomes, we conducted RNA-seq in the central amygdala of adult rats, revealing dysregulated pathways related to GPCR signaling, adaptive immune response and neurodevelopmental processes. These transcriptional changes provide insights into the mechanisms driving addiction vulnerability and stress-related behaviors following early fentanyl exposure. Our findings highlight the lasting impact of perinatal opioid exposure in an experimental system that avoids many of the confounds that plague studies in humans, underscoring the need for preclinical models to study NOWS and its long-term consequences. This model offers translational relevance for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate NOWS and reduce neuropsychiatric risks associated with prenatal opioid exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wood, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balaguer, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dirik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoya, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, G. M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palermo, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naghshineh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, S. R. M. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.20.655167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perinatal Fentanyl Exposure Drives Enduring Addiction Risk and Central Amygdala Gene Dysregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.655202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Production of HCV E1E2 Subunit Vaccine Candidates via Protein-Protein Interaction Identification in Glycoengineered CHO cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.20.655202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a bloodborne virus that affects 57 million people globally with infections that can often go unnoticed, and it is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and cancer. Thus, development of an HCV vaccine is a major medical and public health concern. While prior work has developed secreted E1E2 (sE1E2) protein vaccine candidates, efforts to express it recombinantly in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have resulted in very low titers. To address this challenge, here we employed a multi-omics approach to identify protein interactors that enhance the secretion of sE1E2. By detecting Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) using Biotinylation by Antibody Recognition (BAR) and integrating the data with RNA-Seq, we identified proteins within the secretory pathway that interact with sE1E2 and validated their impact by overexpressing the interacting proteins. Among these, CUL4A and YWHAH enhanced sE1E2 secretion in glycoengineered CHO (geCHO) cells. The integration of omics techniques and genetic engineering in this study provides valuable insights into improving protein secretion in CHO cells, paving the way for the development of more affordable and accessible biotherapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuerst, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.20.655202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Production of HCV E1E2 Subunit Vaccine Candidates via Protein-Protein Interaction Identification in Glycoengineered CHO cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of the formation of flat clathrin lattices in response to growth factor stimulus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clathrin assemblies on the cell membrane are critical for endocytosis and signal transduction in cells. Specifically, {Omega}-shaped clathrin assemblies function as the coat of endocytic vesicles, while flat clathrin assemblies, also known as flat clathrin lattices, serve as signaling hubs for various signaling pathways. Multiple flat clathrin lattices exist on the cell membrane, and these lattices grow after epidermal growth factor stimulation (EGF) and then return to baseline. In this work, we used a particle-based model to simulate the assembly and disassembly of flat clathrin lattices to capture these dynamics. We found that the formation of flat clathrin lattices is highly dynamic, that is, cluster number, size and dwelling time often change even in the absence of any stimulus. Moreover, these key features are affected by adaptor protein 2 (AP-2) number, clathrin-clathrin binding rate, and clathrin diffusion coefficient. Specifically, an increase in AP-2 number leads to the transition from no cluster, short-lasting multiple small clusters, to a long-lasting single giant cluster. An increased clathrin-clathrin binding rate or decreased clathrin diffusion coefficient both result in an increased cluster number, reduced cluster size, and shortened dwelling time. Furthermore, we also predicted that under EGF stimulation, simultaneous changes in the AP-2 number, the clathrin-clathrin binding rate, and the clathrin diffusion coefficient can reproduce the experimentally observed trend of FCLs: an increase in cluster number and size in the first 30 minutes, followed by a decrease after 30 minutes. These findings reveal kinetic mechanisms underlying the formation of multiple FCLs and how EGF regulates FCL dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfonzo-Mendez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taraska, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.655576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of the formation of flat clathrin lattices in response to growth factor stimulus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of RhoGEF Ect2 with Desmoplakin Supports RhoA Activity at Intercellular Junctions: Implications for Carvajal Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Desmoplakin (DP) is an essential component of the desmosomal adhesion complex, tethering intermediate filaments to sites of intercellular adhesion to confer mechanical integrity to tissues. As a frequent target for mutation in cardiocutaneous syndromes that vary widely in phenotype, DPs roles as a signaling hub are rapidly emerging. Here, we identify the RhoGEF Ect2 as a previously unappreciated binding partner of the desmosomal protein DP. DP is required for the localization of Ect2 to keratinocyte desmosomes and cardiac intercalated discs in vitro and in vivo, where it maintains active RhoA (Rho-GTP) at the membrane. We demonstrate further that Ect2 activity is supported by PKC in a DP-dependent manner in cardiac myocytes. Finally, a truncated form of DP expressed in patients with Carvajal syndrome associated with severe cardiocutaneous defects is impaired in its ability to bind and localize Ect2 to cell junctions in cardiomyocytes and keratinocytes isolated from patients. Our findings delineate an important relationship between a component of the desmosome and a critical regulator of actin cytoskeletal remodeling that could have widespread implications for understanding cardiac and cutaneous health and disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zarkoob, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kam, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koetsier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaiganesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarthy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godsel, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of RhoGEF Ect2 with Desmoplakin Supports RhoA Activity at Intercellular Junctions: Implications for Carvajal Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multimodal Spatial and Epigenomic Atlas of Human Adult Lung Topography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developing high-resolution reference maps of disease-susceptible spatial niches is a critical step to mitigating the profound effects of lung disease. Here, we present an integrated multimodal single-nucleus human lung atlas (snHLA) profiling 746,047 nuclei from 49 mapped lung blocks spanning clinically relevant distal airways, alveoli, and interstitium across 11 healthy adults. Integrating snRNA-seq and SNARE-seq2, which co-assays chromatin accessibility and gene expression from the same nucleus, we resolved 70 molecularly distinct populations and captured 332,846 accessible chromatin regions, nominating new transcriptional regulators of human lung cell diversity. Spatial transcriptomics using MERFISH mapped 25 cell populations across 7 structural neighborhoods and multiplexed immunofluorescence localized cell subtypes and distal airway-defining protein markers, expanding and validating distinct lung structure-specific cell populations. This open access snHLA and companion Cell Type and Marker Gene Dictionary with anatomically aligned nomenclature delivers a foundational resource at an unprecedented resolution to interrogate the origins of lung pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duong, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conklin, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purkerson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huyck, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verheyden, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheuermann, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagood, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.23.655666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multimodal Spatial and Epigenomic Atlas of Human Adult Lung Topography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Mechanism of Histone Ubiquitylation by the ASB9-CUL5 Ubiquitin Ligase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The E3 ligase substrate receptor ankyrin and SOCS box protein 9 (ASB9) was shown to bind over 10 different proteins including metabolic enzymes such as creatine kinase, filament proteins such as vimentin, and histones. In previous work, we characterized the ASB9-Cullin 5 E3 ligase (ASB9-CRL) ubiquitylation of creatine kinase and showed that ubiquitylation required the ring-between-ring ligase, ARIH2. Here we characterize the ASB9-CRL ubiquitylation of histones and show that histones H3 and H4 are polyubiquitylated by the ASB9-CRL whereas histones H2A and H2B are not. Many, but not all lysines in the histones are ubiquitylated suggesting some substrate specificity. Binding experiments show that the ligase-histone interaction is highly electrostatic and the neddylated ASB9-CRL binds with highest affinity. Only free histones are ubiquitylated. When the histones are in nucleosomes or in complex with the chaperone Asf1, they are not ubiquitylated. Only K48 and K63 polyubiquitin chains were observed, suggesting that the ubiquitylation probably drives protein degradation. The presence of ASB9 in specific cell types correlates with situations in which free histones H3 and H4 need to be degraded. In this work, we demonstrate that the ASB9-CRL is the ligase that facilitates degradation of histones H3 and H4. In addition, this work represents the first example of Cullin 5 mediated ubiquitylation that does not require a ring-between-ring "helper" ligase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alipranti, F. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Mechanism of Histone Ubiquitylation by the ASB9-CUL5 Ubiquitin Ligase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems modeling reveals that store-operated calcium entry modulates force and fatigue during exercise 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.655415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamics of calcium ions (Ca2+) in skeletal muscles link electrochemical activation and contractile force generation. An improved quantitative understanding of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ dynamics modulate force production is crucial for optimizing muscle performance. Recent experimental data suggest that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), the process of extracellular Ca2+ influx upon depletion of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), helps delay the onset of muscle fatigue. However, the mechanistic links between SOCE and sustained force generation in muscle remain unclear. We hypothesize that SOCE regulates force generation during sustained muscle activity by allowing for increased Ca2+ release from the SR. We test this hypothesis with a quantitative biophysical model that simulates the biochemical events of muscle contraction, from initial depolarization at the sarcolemma and T-tubules to Ca2+ release from the SR to Ca2+ binding and force generation throughout the myoplasm. We also consider the balance between Ca2+ removal from the myoplasm and SOCE through the T-tubule membrane. We estimate the free parameters in the model by fitting them to experiments that measured sarcolemma membrane voltage and myoplasmic Ca2+ transients in single muscle fibers in vitro. We then test the effects of SOCE inhibition on Ca2+ dynamics and force production and find that the magnitude of myoplasmic Ca2+ and force are lower than in wild-type cells over repetitive stimuli. Finally, we predict the effects of varying the degree of SOCE inhibition during patterns of stimulus chosen to mimic those observed during resistance exercise or high-intensity interval training. These simulations predict a context-dependent relationship between force generation and SOCE, wherein increased SOCE is associated with greater force production during resistance exercise, but worsens the effects of fatigue in certain cases of high-intensity training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamid, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.655415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems modeling reveals that store-operated calcium entry modulates force and fatigue during exercise]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coherent Structures in Active Flows on Dynamic Surfaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coherent structures--flow features that organize material transport and deformation--are central to analyzing complex flows in fluids, plasmas, and active matter. Yet, identifying such structures on dynamic surfaces remains an open challenge, limiting their application to many living and synthetic systems. Here, we introduce a geometric framework to extract Lagrangian and Eulerian coherent structures from velocity data on arbitrarily shaped, time-evolving surfaces. Our method operates directly on triangulated meshes, avoiding global parametrizations while preserving objectivity and robustness to noise. Applying this framework to active nematic vesicles, collectively migrating epithelial spheroids, and beating zebrafish hearts, we uncover hidden transport barriers and Lagrangian deformation patterns--such as dynamic attractors, repellers, isotropic and anisotropic strain--missed by conventional Eulerian analyses. This approach offers a new perspective on soft and living matter, revealing how geometry and activity can be harnessed to program synthetic materials, and how Lagrangian strain and principal deformation directions can help uncover mechanosensitive processes and directional cues in morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Santhosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fencil, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.23.655805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coherent Structures in Active Flows on Dynamic Surfaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.656146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-Wide Interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Protein Interactions Uncovers Hidden Regulatory Sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.26.656146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 replication mechanisms. While the central roles of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (NSP12), primase protein (NSP8), and nucleocapsid protein (N) in the virus life cycle are extensively studied, the precise nature of their interactions with the full-length viral RNA genome remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we sought to address this knowledge gap by employing enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) to map the binding sites of NSP8, NSP12, and N proteins across the SARS-CoV-2 genome at early stages of viral RNA and protein synthesis and late stages of virion assembly. Our findings revealed interactions of NSP8 and NSP12 to the 5 and 3 untranslated regions (UTRs) of both positive and negative sense RNA, regions known to regulate viral replication, transcription, and translation. We identified a surprising and essential NSP12 binding site within the RNA sequence encoding the conserved Y1 domain of NSP3, which regulates RNA abundance upstream of the site. Additionally, we found that N protein interacts with the 5 UTR and influences translation efficiency. Finally, we report a novel regulatory function of N protein in modulating ribosomal frameshifting proximal to the frameshift element, a crucial process for maintaining viral protein stoichiometry. Our results provide a detailed molecular map of SARS-CoV-2 protein-RNA interactions, revealing potential therapeutic targets for attenuating viral fitness and informing the development of next-generation antiviral strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tadri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamaru, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmok, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madrigal, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicar, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCole, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Leary, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leibel, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.656146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Protein Interactions Uncovers Hidden Regulatory Sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Mapping in Diversity Outbred Mice Identifies Novel Loci and Candidate Genes for Anxiety-Like Behavior and Genetic Subgroups Predictive of Ethanol Consumption 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anxiety disorders are the most common class of psychiatric disorder. Risk for anxiety disorders is thought to be influenced by many genes, each contributing a small effect. The light-dark box behavioral assay was designed to measure anxiety-like behavior in rodents. Diversity Outbred (DO) mice were designed for high-resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping on a genetically-diverse background. Here, we studied a population of 518 male DO mice for anxiety-like and locomotor behaviors from a light-dark box assay. Multivariate analysis of behavioral data identified two major subgroups of animals differing in basal anxiety behavior and subsequent ethanol consumption patterns. Behavioral QTL analysis identified a significant locus on Chromosome 14 associated with 3 anxiety-like behavioral phenotypes. Haplotype analysis revealed an effect of C57BL/6J alleles at this locus, with mice carrying those alleles exhibiting more anxiety-like behavior. An additional 9 suggestive loci were identified. Genes located within the confidence intervals for the Chromosome 14 locus were analyzed for coding sequence polymorphisms, prefrontal cortex expression QTLs, human GWAS data, and additional data sets related to psychiatric conditions including substance use. Results prioritized two candidate genes, Tbc1d4 and Lmo7, for further study. These results represent the highest-resolution genetic mapping of light-dark box behaviors in mice to date, revealing insights into the complex biology of anxiety disorders. Additionally the studies identify striking subgroups of animals where basal anxiety-like behavior predicts eventual ethanol consumption phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tatom, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mignogna, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macleod, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sergi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Mapping in Diversity Outbred Mice Identifies Novel Loci and Candidate Genes for Anxiety-Like Behavior and Genetic Subgroups Predictive of Ethanol Consumption]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.656054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the pathogenicity, stability, and stereochemical effects of variants of unknown significance in TREM2 using orthogonal structural analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.656054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), an immune receptor expressed on the surface of microglia, has been identified through genome-wide association studies to be one of the risk factors in Alzheimers disease (AD). Several studies have also identified missense variants of TREM2 to be associated with frontotemporal dementia and Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD). To date, 51 novel missense variants of TREM2 have been identified in the literature, with the disease risk profiles of most variants still unknown. Assessing and classifying the pathogenicity of these variants is essential to investigate the disease mechanisms and develop effective treatments. Herein, we classified 32 missense variants involved in TREM2 using structural bioinformatic data with AlphaFold2. Using the protocol described in our previous work (Pillai et al., 2025), we determined the structural, stability, and potential functional effects of these variants. Our evaluations of the mutations were divided into those (i) implicated in NHD, (ii) located on the transmembrane domain, (iii) surface of the IgV-like domain, and (iii) buried in the receptor. Our analysis of variants involved in NHD suggests that, while V126G imposes the greatest effects, the T66M variant exerts significantly less effects on the TREM2 structures compared to the other remaining variants. Variants in the transmembrane domain of TREM2 did not impose significant alterations to the three-dimensional structure. Outside of known variants in the IgV-like domain, we identified 10 variants that imposed significant destabilizing effects to the structure and are of potential interest. Overall, the baseline biochemical data provided from this study may be informative to experimental efforts to better classify rare coding variants of TREM2 that are of unknown biological and clinical significance.

HighlightsUsing our previously published protocol, we characterized the structure, stability, and functional effects of 27 unique variants of unknown biological significance in TREM2.

Our analysis was divided into variants located on the transmembrane domain, surface of the IgV-like domain, buried in the IgV-like domain, and those leading to Nasu-Hakola disease.

Excluding AD- and NHD-causing variants, we identified 10 TREM2 variants that cause significant destabilizing effects to the receptor.

The in-silico data provided from this study serve as a baseline, and can guide future experimental efforts involving TREM2 variants.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=108 SRC="FIGDIR/small/656054v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1000">
View larger version (35K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c426b1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c859f1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@88ea70org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d777f4_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pillai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.25.656054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the pathogenicity, stability, and stereochemical effects of variants of unknown significance in TREM2 using orthogonal structural analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a Charge-Resistant Embedding Media for High-Performance Serial Block Face Imaging of Cells and Tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM) enables high-resolution 3D imaging of biological specimens but is often limited by specimen charging due to the use of non-conductive epoxy resins. While heavy metal staining and variable-pressure SEM can reduce charging, these methods compromise resolution or are only partially effective. We report a novel approach using polyethylene glycol (PEG 3350), a water-soluble, non-conductive polymer, as a doping agent to reduce specimen charging without sacrificing imaging quality. Although PEG 3350 alone lacks the mechanical and sectioning properties required for SBEM, we found it can be dissolved in standard Durcupan epoxy resin to improve charge resistance while maintaining physical integrity. Resins doped with 10% PEG 3350 demonstrated a substantial reduction in charging at 1.4-1.8 keV in charge-prone samples such as cultured HeLa cells, lung, and brain tissues, while retaining transparency and sectionability. Unlike other methods, the doped resin performs in high vacuum without compromising signal-to-noise ratio or spatial resolution. Notably, the PEG-doped resin reduced charging at voltages above the typical threshold for undoped resins, which show artifacts above 1.0 keV. Though some charging persisted in lung tissue at 2.0 keV, near-complete mitigation was achieved at slightly lower voltages. Our findings suggest that PEG-doped resins provide a promising route to minimize specimen charging in SBEM, and future studies optimizing PEG molecular weight and concentration could yield a universally charge-resistant embedding medium compatible with high-resolution imaging across diverse sample types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deerinck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peltier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a Charge-Resistant Embedding Media for High-Performance Serial Block Face Imaging of Cells and Tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656466v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rules of engagement: determinants of chemokine receptor activation and selectivity by CCL27 and CCL28 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656466v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The distinct functional roles of chemokines CCL27 and CCL28 in epithelial immunity of skin and mucosal tissues, respectively, are coordinated by their shared receptor, CCR10 and the CCL28-specific receptor, CCR3. In this study, we conducted structure-function studies focused on the N-termini of these two chemokines to identify determinants of receptor activation, internalization and binding specificity. Deletion of two N-terminal residues of CCL27 resulted in a CCR10 antagonist, highlighting the critical roles of these residues in driving receptor pharmacology. Extension with a Phe produced a superagonist by occupying an available subpocket in the receptor binding site. Swapping the N-terminus of CCL28 onto the CCL27 globular domain (NT28-CCL27) also resulted in a superagonist of CCR10, but the opposite swap (NT27-CCL28) showed equivalent or reduced activity compared to WT CCL28, indicating that the CCL28 N-terminus is a stronger driver of CCR10 signaling. The effect of these and other mutations were rationalized by AlphaFold models of the CCR10 complexes. AlphaFold modeling also revealed that the reduced size of the binding pocket, and more basic nature of the N-terminus and extracellular loops of CCR3 compared to CCR10, contribute to its specificity for CCL28 while CCR10 accommodates both ligands. The overall basic nature of CCL28 also contributes to its high affinity for glycosaminoglycans, which is likely important for its retention in mucosal tissues. These data illustrate the modular compositions of these chemokines that has evolved to achieve overlapping but non-redundant functions, and the exploitation of this modular nature to produce engineered chemokines for probing or targeting CCR10 in disease contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celniker, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitsazi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jansma, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salanga, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656466</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rules of engagement: determinants of chemokine receptor activation and selectivity by CCL27 and CCL28]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.656936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonequivalence of Zfp423 premature termination codons in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.656936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variants that introduce a premature termination codon (PTC) are often assumed equivalent and functionally null. Exceptions depend on the specific architectures of the affected mRNA and protein. Here we address phenotypic differences among early truncating variants of mouse Zfp423, whose phenotypes resemble Joubert Syndrome and Related Disorders (JSRD). We replicate quantitative differences previously seen between presumptive null PTC variants based on their position in the coding sequence. We show with reciprocal congenic strains that large phenotype differences between two PTC variants with the same predicted stop and reinitiation codons is due to the specific allele rather than different strain backgrounds, with no evidence for induced exon skipping. Differences in RNA structure, however, could influence translation rate across the affected exon. Using a reporter assay, we find differences in translational reinitiation between two deletion variants that corelate with predicted RNA structure rather than distance from the canonical initiation codon. These results confirm and extend earlier evidence for differences among Zfp423 PTC variants, identify parameters for translational reinitiation after an early termination codon, and reinforce caution in the null interpretation of early PTC variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Concepcion, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.30.656936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonequivalence of Zfp423 premature termination codons in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.657099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The interferon response signature links to increased expression of transposable elements in neutrophils of systemic lupus erythematosus patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.657099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a spontaneous systemic auto-immune condition for which the inciting factors and genetic basis are generally unknown. Although heterogeneous in its manifestations and severity, SLE involves chronic inflammation along with sustained autoantibody production. The root causes and pathophysiology of the inflammation and breaches of tolerance are incompletely understood, but neutrophils are thought to be important elements of the pathophysiology. Type I interferons (IFN) in the bloodstream and an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) signature in circulating leukocytes, including neutrophils, are common features in many patients. Earlier work has provided evidence of increased levels of transcripts derived from transposable elements (TEs) in peripheral blood cells of SLE patients. Using six leukocyte types, including neutrophils, we tested the correlation of TE expression with disease severity and explored the relationships between increased ISG and TE expression with attention to the genomic locations of the expressed TEs.

ResultsWe reanalysed previously published data from neutrophils and other leukocytes of SLE patients sub-divided into ISG-high (termed IFNpos, n=12) and ISG-low (termed IFNneg, n=11) patients in the original study, examining RNA-seq data from B and T lymphocytes, conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC), monocytes and PMN of IFNpos and IFNneg SLE patients compared to healthy controls. SLE patients pre-stratified as IFNneg showed no significant increase in TE expression. All IFNpos cell types had similar amounts of total TE-encoded RNA, but among the 6 cell types, PMN had the highest number of differentially expressed TEs and ISGs in IFNpos SLE patients compared to healthy controls. There was a strong correlation between expression of several specific TE families and disease activity assessed at the time of the visit. Most upregulated TEs ([~]80%) were present in introns of upregulated genes, and [~]67% of these were ISGs. By mapping expressed TEs in ISGs, we found that high intronic TE expression correlated strongly with increased ISG expression as well as with splicing alterations in annotated exons flanking expressed TEs. Consistent with autonomous TE expression, upregulated TEs were also observed at intergenic sites distant from annotated genes, perhaps due to weakening of heterochromatin integrity.

ConclusionsOur findings show a strong association and suggest mechanistic relationships between increased TE expression and IFN responses in multiple types of leukocytes centrally involved in SLE pathogenesis. Although limited by short-read RNA-seq technology, our analyses support selective upregulation of some TEs independent from the regulation of conventional genes, concurrent with many intron-localized TEs whose expression tracks with ISGs. The data emphasize the need for long-reads sequencing to understand the causes and consequences of high TE expression in SLE and other autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. Important questions include whether TE expression in introns of ISGs and other genes is independently regulated or reflects exonization or partial intron retention, and how frequently it correlates with splicing variations in adjacent exons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arteaga-Vazquez, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepulveda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villalobos, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalunian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boothby, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.30.657099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The interferon response signature links to increased expression of transposable elements in neutrophils of systemic lupus erythematosus patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically encoded bifunctional enzyme mitigates redox imbalance and lipotoxicity via engineered Gro3P-Glycerol shunt 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P) and reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+) are key metabolites of the Gro3P shuttle system that forms a redox circuit, allowing transfer of reducing equivalents between cytosol and mitochondria. Targeted activation of Gro3P biosynthesis was recently identified as a promising strategy to alleviate reductive stress by promoting NAD+ recycling, including in cells with an impaired mitochondrial complex I. However, because Gro3P constitutes the backbone of triglycerides under some circumstances, its accumulation can lead to excessive fat deposition. Here, we present the development of a novel genetically encoded tool based on a di-domain glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrGPDH), which is a bifunctional enzyme that can recycle NAD+ while converting DHAP to Gro3P. In addition, this enzyme possesses an N-terminal domain which cleaves Gro3P into glycerol and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (in humans and other organisms, this reaction is catalyzed by a separate glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase, a reaction also known as "glycerol shunt"). When expressed in mammalian cells, CrGPDH diminished Gro3P levels and boosted the TCA cycle and fatty acid {beta}-oxidation in mitochondria. CrGPDH expression alone supported proliferation of HeLa cells under conditions of either inhibited activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain or hypoxia. Moreover, human kidney cancer cells, which exhibit abnormal lipid accumulation, had decreased triglycerides levels when expressing CrGPDH. Our findings suggest that the coordinated boosting of both Gro3P biosynthesis and glycerol shunt may be a viable strategy to alleviate consequences of redox imbalance and associated impaired lipogenesis in a wide repertoire of conditions, ranging from primary mitochondrial diseases to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckerman, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Violante, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cross, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cracan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically encoded bifunctional enzyme mitigates redox imbalance and lipotoxicity via engineered Gro3P-Glycerol shunt]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems modeling and uncertainty quantification of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657503v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in restoring cellular metabolic homeostasis after energy stress. Importantly, AMPK acts as a hub of metabolic signaling, integrating multiple inputs and acting on numerous downstream targets to activate catabolic processes and inhibit anabolic ones. Despite the importance of AMPK signaling, unlike other well-studied pathways, such as MAPK/ERK or NF-{kappa}B, only a handful of mechanistic models of AMPK signaling have been developed. Epistemic uncertainty in the biochemical mechanism of AMPK activity, combined with the complexity of the AMPK pathway, makes model development particularly challenging. Here, we leveraged uncertainty quantification methods and recently developed AMPK biosensors to construct a new, data-informed model of AMPK signaling. Specifically, we applied Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection to ensure that model predictions and assumptions are well-constrained to measurements of AMPK activity using recently developed AMPK biosensors. As an application of the new model, we predicted AMPK activity in response to exercise-like stimuli. We found that AMPK acts as a time- and exercise-dependent integrator of its input. Our results highlight how uncertainty quantification can facilitate model development and address epistemic uncertainty in a complex signaling pathway, such as AMPK. This work shows the potential for future applications of uncertainty quantification in systems biology to drive new biological insights by incorporating state-of-the-art experimental data at all stages of model development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Linden-Santangeli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems modeling and uncertainty quantification of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GeneChat: A Multi-Modal Large Language Model for Gene Function Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately predicting gene function from DNA sequences remains a fundamental challenge in genomics, particularly given the limited experimental annotation available for most genes. Existing computational approaches often formulate function prediction as a classification task over predefined categories, limiting their flexibility and expressiveness. We introduce GeneChat, a multi-modal large language model designed to generate free-form, natural language descriptions of gene functions directly from nucleotide sequences and textual prompts. GeneChat integrates three components: a DNABERT-2-based gene encoder optimized for long-range genomic context, an adaptor that aligns gene representations with the input space of a large language model, and Vicuna-13B, a fine-tuned LLaMA-2 variant used to produce coherent functional narratives. Trained on over 50,000 genes from the NCBI database, GeneChat outperforms GPT-4o on BLEU and METEOR metrics, demonstrating superior ability to generate accurate, context-aware, and semantically rich descriptions. This work highlights the potential of foundation models for advancing interpretable and scalable gene function prediction in a free-form, language-driven paradigm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhanasekar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saranathan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.05.658031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GeneChat: A Multi-Modal Large Language Model for Gene Function Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive molecular impact mapping of common and rare variants at GWAS loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep learning sequence to function models can predict the molecular effects of genetic variants, but their predictions are limited to the cell types and assays they are trained on. Here we describe DNACipher, a deep learning model that predicts the effects of genetic variants across diverse biological contexts--including those not directly measured. DNACipher takes 196 kb of genome sequences as input and imputes variant effects across 38,582 cell type-assay combinations. DNACipher generates predictions for >7 times as many contexts as Enformer, which allows for better detection of variant effects at expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). We also introduce DNACipher Deep Variant Impact Mapping (DVIM), a method to identify variants with molecular effects at genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci. Application of DVIM to type 1 diabetes (T1D) reduced the mean fine-mapping credible set size from 24 to 1.4 variants per signal. DVIM variants had significantly higher fine-mapping posterior probabilities, and their predicted effects were supported by single-nucleus ATAC-seq and luciferase assays. DVIM also detected 6547 rare variants with molecular effects at 96% of GWAS T1D loci, and these were enriched for associations with immune traits. In summary, DNACipher DVIM prioritises common and rare variants at GWAS loci by predicting molecular effects across a broad range of contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balderson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tule, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rieger, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaureguy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palpant, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVicker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.05.658079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive molecular impact mapping of common and rare variants at GWAS loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Examining the Role of Extrachromosomal DNA in 1,216 Lung Cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in lung cancer, particularly in subjects who never smoked (LCINS), remains unclear. Examination of over 1200 whole-genome-sequenced lung cancers identified ecDNA in 18.9% of patients. Recurrent amplification of MDM2 and other oncogenes via ecDNA possibly drives a LCINS subset. Tumors harboring ecDNA showed worse overall survival than tumors harboring other focal amplifications. A strong association with whole-genome doubling suggests most ecDNA reflects genomic instability in treatment-naive lung cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElderry, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miraftab, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, O. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnao, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowak, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedge, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanock, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landi, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Examining the Role of Extrachromosomal DNA in 1,216 Lung Cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parkinson's disease-vulnerable and -resilient dopamine neurons display opposite responses to excitatory input 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) are essential for motor control and selectively degenerate in Parkinsons disease (PD). However, DA neurons are molecularly heterogeneous, with some showing greater vulnerability and others resilience. Here, we show that the DA subtype marker Anxa1, identified in mice, labels PD-vulnerable DA neurons in human SN. Using mice, we found that excitatory inputs from subthalamic (STN) and pedunculopontine (PPN) nuclei evoked frequency-dependent excitation in SN GABA neurons, but complex multiphasic DA neuron responses, suggesting heterogeneous DA subtype responses. Indeed, excitatory inputs evoked differential DA responses in striatal subregions, an increase in caudal striatum, but inhibition followed by rebound in dorsolateral striatum. Additionally, PD-resilient Vglut2+ DA neurons were excited by STN/PPN input, while vulnerable Anxa1+ DA neurons were inhibited. These findings demonstrate that DA subtypes are embedded in distinct functional networks, suggesting that some therapeutic interventions may differentially impact vulnerable and resilient DA subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hadjas, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kollman, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linderhof, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saint-Pierre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicchetti, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awatramani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollon, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parkinson's disease-vulnerable and -resilient dopamine neurons display opposite responses to excitatory input]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TH5487 specifically targets NLRP3 in FCAS patients resistant to MCC950 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.05.658156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role in innate immunity and is activated in response to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidized DNA. Here, we demonstrate that repurposed small-molecule inhibitors originally developed for DNA glycosylases, TH5487 and SU0268, potently inhibit NLRP3 activation ex vivo in human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) with IC50 of 1.62 {micro}M and 3.24 {micro}M, respectively. We show that these inhibitors prevent mitochondrial localization of NLRP3 and directly block inflammasome assembly. They also reshape the immune landscape decreasing IL-1{beta}, while increasing IFN-{beta}. Structural and biophysical analyses reveal a two-site DNA binding model in which NLRP3 engages oxidized DNA with a KD1 of 0.268 nM and KD2 3.02 nM. Importantly, these inhibitors block IL-1{beta} secretion in L353P Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) patient PBMCs where MCC950 fails, demonstrating the therapeutic potential for inflammasome-driven diseases. Together, our findings reveal a novel druggable mechanism of inflammasome inhibition through interference with oxidized DNA sensing and localization, offering new opportunities for treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lackner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonidas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macapagal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabral, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onyuru, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrecht, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNulty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.05.658156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TH5487 specifically targets NLRP3 in FCAS patients resistant to MCC950]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and Validation of a Previously Missed Mutational Signature in Colorectal Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutational signature analysis has greatly enhanced our understanding of the mutagenic processes found in cancer and normal tissues. As part of a recent study, we analyzed 802 treatment-naive, microsatellite-stable colorectal cancers (CRC) and identified a de novo signature, SBS_D, which was conservatively decomposed into SBS18, a signature associated with reactive oxygen species. Here, we re-evaluate this decomposition and provide evidence that SBS_D represents a distinct mutational process from that of SBS18.

Through an independent analysis of 2,616 whole-genome sequenced microsatellite-stable CRCs across three distinct cohorts, we demonstrate that SBS_D is consistently present at a similar prevalence, suggesting that this signature may have been previously overlooked. Using a naive decomposition approach, we demonstrate that the pattern of SBS_D better aligns with signatures previously associated with deficiencies in DNA polymerase delta (POLD1) proofreading and mismatch repair. However, multiple lines of evidence, including the absence of pathogenic mutations in the exonuclease domain of POLD1 or in mismatch repair-associated genes, indicate that SBS_D is not driven by canonical defects in these DNA repair pathways.

Overall, this study identifies a previously unrecognized mutational signature in microsatellite-stable CRC and proposes that its etiology may be linked to DNA repair infidelity emerging late in tumor development in samples without canonical defects in DNA repair pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kazachkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otlu-Saritas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moody, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perdomo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wedge, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stratton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.06.658321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and Validation of a Previously Missed Mutational Signature in Colorectal Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.658490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interlinked roles for HEB and Id3 in fetal gamma-delta T cell commitment and functional programming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.658490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
T cells expressing the {gamma}{delta} T cell receptor (TCR) develop in a stepwise process initiating at the {beta}/{gamma}{delta} T cell branchpoint followed by maturation and acquisition of effector functions, including the ability to produce interleukin-17 (IL-17) as {gamma}{delta}T17 cells. Previous studies linked TCR signal strength and fate choices to the transcriptional regulator HEB (Tcf12) and its antagonist, Id3, but how these factors regulate different stages of {gamma}{delta} T cell development has not been determined. We found that immature fetal {gamma}{delta}TCR+ cells from conditional Tcf12 knockout (HEB cKO) mice were defective in activating the {gamma}{delta}T17 program at an early stage, whereas Id3 deficient (Id3-KO) mice displayed a partial block in {gamma}{delta}T17 maturation and a defect in IL-17 production. We also found that HEB cKO mice failed to upregulate Id3 during {gamma}{delta}T17 development, whereas HEB overexpression elevated the levels of Id3 in collaboration with TCR signaling. Moreover, Egr2 and HEB were bound to several of the same regulatory sites on the Id3 gene locus in the context of early T cell development. Therefore, our findings reveal an interlinked sequence of events during which HEB and TCR signaling synergize to upregulate Id3, which enables maturation and acquisition of the {gamma}{delta}T17 effector program.

One Sentence SummaryThe transcription factor HEB synergizes with TCR signaling to upregulate Id3, which is required for the maturation of fetal IL-17-producing {gamma}{delta} T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selvaratnam, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa da Rocha, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gams, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guidos, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga-Pflucker, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.08.658490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interlinked roles for HEB and Id3 in fetal gamma-delta T cell commitment and functional programming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.658530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constitutive activation and allosteric mechanisms underlying Gi/Gq signaling bias in SUCNR1 revealed by AlphaFold-based modeling and enhanced sampling simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.08.658530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Succinate Receptor 1 (SUCNR1) is a key metabolite sensing GPCR activated by high local succinate concentrations through Gi and Gq signaling pathways. By combining AlphaFold-based modeling, Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations (72s in total), receptor mutagenesis, and signaling assays, we here investigate the spontaneous and G-protein binding-associated activation mechanism of SUCNR1. Our molecular simulations predict that, in the absence of G protein or ligand, human SUCNR1 (hSUCNR1), in contrast to murine SUCNR1 (mSUCNR1), adopts canonical active- like conformations in its intracellular domains and undergoes critical conformational changes in its extracellular domain. This finding is consistent with our signaling-assay results showing that hSUCNR1, unlike mSUCNR1, displays a high degree of constitutive signaling. When complexed with either Gi or Gq, both h- and mSUCNR1 adopt highly energetically favorable conformations in the extracellular domain, characterized by the unlocking of extracellular loop 2b (ECL2b) and an expanded ligand entry pathway. Interestingly, the simulations reveal that helix 5 of Gq binds less firmly to the TM3/6 cleft of mSUCNR1, resulting in an unstable extracellular domain of the Gq- mSUCNR1 complex, which however can be stabilized by agonist binding. This result is supported by our BRET assays, which show that, in contrast to hSUCNR1, mSUCNR1 fails to recruit mini-Gq to the cell surface in the absence of an agonist. Furthermore, the signaling effects of key receptor residues at G-protein binding site and within ECL2b, as predicted by our simulations, were confirmed by mutagenesis assays. Overall, our integrative approach demonstrates that hSUCNR1 can spontaneously adopt all key conformations associated with receptor activation, and that G protein binding further primes the extracellular receptor domain for agonist binding, which in turn stabilizes the active complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shenol, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lückmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frimurer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.08.658530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constitutive activation and allosteric mechanisms underlying Gi/Gq signaling bias in SUCNR1 revealed by AlphaFold-based modeling and enhanced sampling simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.657772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single-cell fixed RNA profiling of liver fibrosis progression and regression reveals SEMA4D and LMCD1 as key mediators of fibrogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.657772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liver fibrosis progression and regression are dynamic processes involving diverse hepatic and immune cell populations. Here, we utilize single-cell fixed RNA profiling (FLEX) of a TAA-induced mouse liver cirrhosis model, with and without a recovery phase, to depict the cellular landscape and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis resolution. The regression phase was characterized by the emergence of pericentral hepatocytes enriched in detoxification and antioxidant genes (e.g., Cyp2e1, Txn1), which secreted Rarres2 to modulate hepatic stellate cell (HSC) function. This was accompanied by the upregulation of scar-resolving genes (Mmp14, Ctsl), restoration of fenestrae in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, anti-inflammatory phenotypes of Kupffer cells, a decrease in fibrogenic cholangiocyte subsets, and recovery-associated signatures in NK/T cells, B cells, and neutrophils. In contrast, SEMA4D secreted by monocyte-derived macrophages during fibrosis progression activated Plxnb2 HSCs, and its blockade attenuated fibrosis in vivo. Furthermore, LMCD1 was identified as a novel marker for HSC activation and regulation. This single-cell atlas reveals key transcriptional programs and intercellular signaling pathways dependent on the fibrotic condition, offering new therapeutic targets for liver cirrhosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pham, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuy, L. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikenaga, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuji, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuasa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsubara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamagishi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohtani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oikawa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokunaga, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kisseleva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwakiri, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sancho, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawada, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.657772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single-cell fixed RNA profiling of liver fibrosis progression and regression reveals SEMA4D and LMCD1 as key mediators of fibrogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Boolean Network Modeling Identifies Cognitive Resilience in the First Murine Model of Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder defined by amyloid beta (A{beta}) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), yet approximately 20-30% of aged individuals exhibit these hallmark lesions without developing cognitive impairment--a clinically silent condition termed asymptomatic AD (AsymAD). The molecular basis of this cognitive resilience remains poorly understood due to a lack of mechanistic models. Here, we integrate systems-level Boolean network modeling with in vivo validation to define the transcriptomic logic of AsymAD and uncover a novel preclinical model. Using Boolean implication networks trained on large-scale human cortical RNA-seq datasets, we identified a robust and invariant AD gene signature that accurately stratifies disease states across independent datasets. Application of this signature to Chromogranin A- deficient PS19 mice (CgA-KO/PS19) revealed a unique resilience phenotype: male mice developed AD-like molecular and neuropathological profiles in the pre-frontal cortex yet retained intact learning and memory. Female CgA-KO/PS19 mice displayed even greater protection, including reduced Tau phosphorylation and preserved synaptic ultrastructure. These findings establish the first validated murine model of AsymAD and identify CgA as a modifiable node linking neuroendocrine signaling, Tauopathy, and cognitive preservation. This work provides a scalable platform to probe sex-specific resilience, uncover early-stage biomarkers, and accelerate preventive therapeutic development in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Head, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Boolean Network Modeling Identifies Cognitive Resilience in the First Murine Model of Asymptomatic Alzheimer Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.10.658808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditions enabling the persistence of cooperating ribozymes without cellular encapsulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.10.658808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Explaining the origin of molecular systems composed of cooperating polymer sets that confer both metabolic and information processing functions is a key challenge in origins-of-life research. A related puzzle is the emergence of polymers of sufficient length to confer complex functions such as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerization with proofreading. Addressing these issues using computational models of template-guided replicating polymer systems is generally constrained by the exponential increase in diversity as the length of polymers increases. In this study, inspired by the computer game Tetris(R) and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, we developed an abstract computational model of cooperative replicating polymer systems that avoids tracking all potential sequences. Using this model, we explored cooperative chemical ecosystems consisting of catalytic polymers conferring functions analogous to kinases, ligases, and mutation inhibitors. We show that prebiotic environments with micro-compartments with local exchanges enable multilevel selection that facilitates the survival of cooperating polymers. The ability of cooperative systems to persist is sensitive to intrinsic properties of catalysts such as catalytic efficiency and extrinsic factors such as dilution rate. These results provide a roadmap for future studies that look not just at persistence but also at the stepwise, de novo emergence of chemical ecosystems with both metabolic and information-processing capabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plum, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kartha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobson, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.10.658808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditions enabling the persistence of cooperating ribozymes without cellular encapsulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Sampling on Domain/Motif Level with Kinetic Accelerated Molecular Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular dynamics (MD) has become a popular simulation tool in recent years. However, its application is often limited by a timescale problem, due to its femtosecond-level integration timestep. To address this challenge, various enhanced sampling methods have been developed to accelerate system dynamics. Here, we introduce a novel enhanced sampling approach: Kinetically Accelerated Molecular Dynamics (KAMD). By combining the atomic-level accuracy of MD with the diffusive behavior of Brownian dynamics (BD), KAMD significantly improves sampling efficiency on domain/motif level while preserving equilibrium properties. We showed that KAMD is particularly effective in simulating two types of processes: large-scale conformational changes and ligand unbinding events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Sampling on Domain/Motif Level with Kinetic Accelerated Molecular Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.10.658956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental modifications of dung beetle larvae shape their growth and life history. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.10.658956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms are not just passive recipients of environmental pressures but are able to shape the environment they experience. Yet, the mechanisms and the evolutionary implications of such niche construction remain poorly understood. Here, we study these effects in the gazelle dung beetle (Digitonthophagus gazella). Larvae of this species develop in an underground brood chamber (a so-called  brood ball) consisting of cow dung which serves as a sole source of food for a single developing larva. Throughout its development, the larva extensively modifies its environment by constantly eating, regurgitating, and shaping particle sizes within the brood ball. Previous research suggests that these larval manipulations increase environmental quality and nutrient availability. However, how larval modifications affect larval growth and how these modifications differ between species remain poorly understood. We studied the impact of larval environmental modifications by transplanting eggs into previously modified or unmodified environments, whilst controlling for the confounding effect of maternally derived microbes. Additionally, we also studied how D. gazella larvae grow in an environment that was modified by a different species (Onthophagus binodis) to investigate species-specific differences of niche construction. Counter to expectations, we found that larval modifications by conspecifics did not confer a fitness benefit to D. gazella. However, surprisingly, individuals developing in a brood ball that was modified by a heterospecific individual emerged significantly quicker. These findings thus provide mixed support for the hypothesis that environmental modifications by a larva enhance its growth. Our research adds to the growing literature on the complex interactions between organisms and their environment and how those interactions feedback on organismal development and performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McConnell, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.10.658956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental modifications of dung beetle larvae shape their growth and life history.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Condensate-driven chromatin organization via elastocapillary interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous structures found throughout eukaryotic cells, with nuclear condensates playing a key role in the mesoscale organization and functionality of the genome1,2. Protein- and RNA-rich liquid-like condensates form through phase separation on and around chromatin, driving diverse condensate morphologies with varying sphericity and intra-condensate chromatin density3,4. However, a unifying set of physical principles underlying these varied interactions and their implications for chromatin organization remains elusive. Here, we develop and experimentally validate a mesoscopic model that bridges the physics of phase separation and chromatin mechanics. Specifically, by integrating computational modeling with experiments using two canonical condensate proteins, the heterochromatin protein HP1, and the euchromatin protein BRD4, we demonstrate that wetting properties and chromatin stiffness shape condensate morphology, while condensates remodel chromatin mechanics and organization. This two-way interplay is governed by elastocapillarity--the deformation of chromatin by condensate interfacial tension -- and resolves discrepancies in nuclear condensate behavior, with emergent behaviors that deviate from the simplest liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) models5-8. Our findings underscore that nuclear condensates and chromatin cannot be studied in isolation, as they are fundamentally interdependent, impacted by biomolecularly-defined wetting properties, with implications for genome organization, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic control in diverse phenotypes, including cancer2,9,10. Beyond the nucleus, the methodologies we present offer a generalizable platform for exploring multiphase, multicomponent soft matter systems across a broad range of biological and synthetic contexts11.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strom, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eeftens, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haataja, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmrlj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.659369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Condensate-driven chromatin organization via elastocapillary interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanochemical feedback between confinement and actin crosslinking drives the shape dynamics of liquid-like droplets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several actin-binding proteins can form liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates that promote actin filament assembly and bundling, which is crucial for local actin network organization. Previous studies have established that phase-separated condensates composed of actin-binding proteins, such as vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and Lamellipodin (Lpd), restrict the organization of actin filaments to structures such as rings, shells, discs, and rods through kinetic trapping. However, the mechanism by which crosslinker multivalency, actin growth, and condensate properties tune actin organization and droplet shape is not well understood. Using a combination of agent-based simulations and experiments, we find that the deformability of the droplet interface allows for the emergence of not just tightly-bundled actin rings but also weakly-bundled actin discs. We find two major quantitative relationships between actin bundling and droplet deformation. The first relationship shows that the crosslinked bundle thickness and droplet diameter followed a power law, consistent with experiments. The second one is that the kinetics of droplet deformation follows a dynamic snapping behavior that depends on the droplet surface tension and the multivalent VASP-actin binding kinetics. We predicted that these two relationships were generalizable to dynamic multimers and to weak actin crosslinkers. Our predictions were experimentally tested using two additional condensate-forming proteins, lamellipodin and RGG. Taken together, we show that mechanochemical feedback between the droplet interface properties and crosslinker multivalency tune actin organization and control the dynamics of droplet deformation by actin networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mansour, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanochemical feedback between confinement and actin crosslinking drives the shape dynamics of liquid-like droplets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bipartite chromatin recognition by Hop1 from two diverged holozoa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In meiosis, ploidy reduction is driven by a complex series of DNA breakage and recombination events between homologous chromosomes, orchestrated by meiotic HORMA domain proteins (HORMADs). Meiotic HORMADs possess a central chromatin binding region (CBR) whose architecture varies across eukaryotic groups. Here, we determine high-resolution crystal structures of the meiotic HORMAD CBR from two diverged aquatic holozoa, Schistosoma mansoni and Patiria miniata, which reveal tightly-associated PHD and winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) domains. We show that PHD-wHTH CBRs bind duplex DNA through their wHTH domains, and identify key residues that disrupt this interaction. Combining experimental and predicted structures, we show that the CBRs PHD domains likely interact with the tail of histone H3, and may discriminate between unmethylated and trimethylated H3 lysine 4. Finally, we show that holozoa Hop1 CBRs bind nucleosomes in vitro in a bipartite manner involving both the PHD and wHTH domains. Our data reveal how meiotic HORMADs with PHD-wHTH CBRs can bind chromatin and potentially discriminate between chromatin states to drive meiotic recombination to specific chromosomal regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirulli, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bipartite chromatin recognition by Hop1 from two diverged holozoa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation of extracellular vesicles depends on mechanical feedback of the cortex and the glycocalyx 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in local and distant cell-to-cell communication by delivering specific cargoes to other cells or to the extracellular space. In many cells, the glycocalyx, a thick sugar-rich layer at the cell surface, and the membrane-cortex attachment are crucially linked to the formation of EVs, yet it is unclear what determines the successful formation of EVs when multiple physical factors are involved. In this work, we developed a model for glycocalyx-membrane-cortex composite to investigate the effects of gly-cocalyx and membrane-cortex adhesion on the formation of EVs by combining polymer physics-based theory and Helfrich membrane theory. By performing linear stability analysis, we show that modulating the mechanical feedback among the glycocalyx, membrane-cortex attachment, and membrane curvature can give rise to two types of instabilities: a conserved Turing-type instability and a Cahn-Hilliard-type instability. Furthermore, using an equilibrium model, we identified two critical conditions for EV formation: an initial detachment of the membrane from the underlying cortex and then a sufficient driving force to induce membrane deformation for successful EV formation. We further demonstrated that there exists an optimal glycocalyx coating area at which the formation of EVs is most favorable. Finally, we use our model to predict that a heterogeneous size distribution of EVs can be generated through the regulation of glycocalyx properties, shedding insight into how EVs of different radii may be generated.

Significance StatementExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for cell biology because they facilitate active communication between cells. Understanding the governing factors that control the formation of EVs is crucial to many cellular processes ranging from tumor progression and metastasis evolution to the disposal of unwanted biomolecules. However, whether EV secretion is a consequence of the glycocalyx and the role of membrane-cortex adhesion in the formation of EVs are still elusive. To address these issues, here we develop a biophysical model for EV formation that couples the presence of glycocalyx and membrane-cortex adhesion. We find that the glycocalyx-membrane-cortex composite system exhibits two types of instabilities utilizing stability analysis - a Turing instability and a Cahn-Hilliard type instability. Based on our proposed equilibrium model, we identified that for the initiation of membrane detachment and the formation of EVs each need to meet a critical threshold. In addition, our model predicts that the formation of EVs is most favorable when an optimal glycocalyx coating area reaches and a heterogeneous distribution EV sizes can be produced by regulating glycocalyx properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation of extracellular vesicles depends on mechanical feedback of the cortex and the glycocalyx]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terrigenous inputs link nutrient dynamics to microbial communities in a tropical lagoon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrient availability drives community structure and ecosystem processes, especially in tropical lagoons that are typically oligotrophic but often receive allochthonous inputs from land. Terrestrially-derived nutrients are introduced to tropical lagoons by surface runoff and submarine groundwater discharge, which are influenced by seasonal precipitation. Lagoon habitats are distributed along an onshore-offshore gradient; terrigenous inputs presumably diminish along the same continuum. We characterized nutrient enrichment in the lagoons of a tropical high island, Moorea, French Polynesia, using spatially distributed measurements of nitrogen content in the tissues of a widespread macroalga during the rainy season over four years. We used synoptic water column sampling to identify associations among macroalgal nutrient content and the composition of inorganic macronutrients, dissolved organic matter, and microbial communities. We paired these data with quantifications of land use in nearby watersheds to uncover links between terrestrial factors, aquatic chemistry, and microbial communities. Algal N content was highest near shore and near large, human-impacted watersheds, and lower at offshore sites. Sites with high algal N had water columns with high nitrite + nitrate, silicate, and increased humic organic matter (based on a fluorescence humification index), especially following rain. Microbial communities were differentiated among nearshore habitats and covaried with algal N and water chemistry, supporting the hypothesis that terrigenous nutrient enrichment shapes microbial dynamics in otherwise oligotrophic tropical lagoons. This study reveals that land-sea connections create nutrient subsidies that are important for lagoon biogeochemistry and microbiology, indicating that changes in land use or precipitation will modify ecosystem processes in tropical lagoons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>John, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silbiger, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnas, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bistolas, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpenter, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donahue, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donovan, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enright, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Epstein, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorissen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerlin, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leidholt, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLachlan, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullenmeister, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renzi, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speare, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vompe, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thurber, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkepile, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terrigenous inputs link nutrient dynamics to microbial communities in a tropical lagoon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving Recombinant Antibody Production Using FcBAR: An In Situ Approach to Detect and Amplify Protein-Protein Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant proteins, in particular monoclonal antibodies and related molecules, have become dominant therapeutics. As they are produced in mammalian cells, they require the concerted function of hundreds of host cell proteins in the protein secretion pathway. However, the comprehensive set of host cell machinery involved remains unclear. Thus, it is often unknown why some recombinant proteins fail to express well. Here we present and deploy an approach called Fc-targeting Biotinylation by Antibody Recognition (FcBAR), which allows for the in situ detection of protein-protein interactions for any recombinant protein with Fc domain. Briefly, cells are permeabilized and incubated with an anti-Fc antibody, conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. All proteins interacting with Fc-bearing proteins are then biotinylated, pulled down and identified via mass spectrometry. We applied this method on a panel of rituximab-producing CHO-S clones with a range of productivity levels. Through analysis of FcBAR protein-protein interactions and RNA-Seq, we identified protein interactions positively correlated with rituximab secretion, and tested 7 of these targets. We found overexpression of AGPAT4, EPHX1, and NSDHL significantly increased rituximab production. Thus, FcBAR provides an unbiased approach to measure PPIs supporting recombinant antibody production in situ, and can guide efforts to boost production of biotherapeutics and biosimilars by addressing production bottlenecks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, M. Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samoudi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pristovsek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grav, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kildegaard, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.659199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving Recombinant Antibody Production Using FcBAR: An In Situ Approach to Detect and Amplify Protein-Protein Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spectral disruption of inter-hemispheric resting-state BOLD coherence at vasomotor frequency (~0.1 Hz) links vascular dysfunction to functional connectivity loss in carotid artery stenosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the brain, vasomotor dynamics at infra-slow frequencies ([~]0.1 Hz), driven by synchronized oscillations of smooth muscle cells in vessel walls, are thought to play a crucial role in regulating cerebral perfusion and underlie resting-state functional connectivity (FC), typically measured by correlated time courses of functional signals. In particular, rodent studies have demonstrated that vasomotor activity contributes to the coherence of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations. However, in humans, detecting this contribution non-invasively remains challenging due to the limited spatiotemporal sensitivity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to vasomotion. Given that prior studies have identified internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) as an informative conditional lesion model of vasomotor and hemodynamic impairments in humans, we investigated whether ICAS affects interhemispheric BOLD coherence at [~]0.1 Hz. Using a multi-modal fMRI framework integrating resting-state fMRI with quantitative mapping of cerebral blood volume, blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and BOLD time lag, we compared BOLD coherence between patients with asymptomatic unilateral ICAS and healthy controls. Frequency-specific analysis revealed significantly diminished interhemispheric BOLD coherence at [~]0.1 Hz across canonical resting-state networks in ICAS patients, while ultra-slow (<0.05 Hz) coherence remained largely preserved. This reduction was spatially widespread and particularly pronounced in watershed areas, i.e., border zones between major vascular territories, associated with significantly increased lateralization of cerebral blood volume (p < 0.01). Notably, coherence-based FC patterns at [~]0.1 Hz were heterogeneous within watershed areas but homogeneous outside, suggesting an interplay between compensatory mechanisms and cerebrovascular impairment. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that ICAS induces subtle, frequency-and region-specific alterations in interhemispheric FC, consistent with a model in which impaired vasomotor activity impacts on resting-state FC in the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczmarz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinfeld, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preibisch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.659378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spectral disruption of inter-hemispheric resting-state BOLD coherence at vasomotor frequency (~0.1 Hz) links vascular dysfunction to functional connectivity loss in carotid artery stenosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.657725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Image-Based Meta- and Mega-Analysis (IBMMA): A Unified Framework for Large-Scale, Multi-Site, Neuroimaging Data Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.657725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increasing scale and complexity of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple study sites present substantial analytic challenges, as existing statistical analysis tools struggle to handle missing voxel-data, suffer from limited computational speed and inefficient memory allocation, and are restricted in the types of statistical designs they are able to model. We introduce Image-Based Meta- & Mega-Analysis (IBMMA), a novel software package implemented in R and Python that provides a unified framework for analyzing diverse neuroimaging features, efficiently handles large-scale datasets through parallel processing, offers flexible statistical modeling options, and properly manages missing voxel-data commonly encountered in multi-site studies. IBMMA produced stronger effect sizes and revealed findings in brain regions that traditional software overlooked due to missing voxel-data resulting in gaps in brain coverage. IBMMA has the potential to accelerate discoveries in neuroscience and enhance the clinical utility of neuroimaging findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steele, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez-Jimenez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jameei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmaal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salminen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frijling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawijn, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zuiden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neria, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilcha-Mano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazarov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huggins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ressler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooij, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Wee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Werff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeiren, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmahl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rektor, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>i</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.657725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Image-Based Meta- and Mega-Analysis (IBMMA): A Unified Framework for Large-Scale, Multi-Site, Neuroimaging Data Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thymic DC2 are heterogenous and include a novel population of transitional dendritic cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myeloid cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are essential for establishing central tolerance in the thymus by promoting T cell clonal deletion and regulatory T cell (Treg) generation. Previous studies suggest that the thymic DC pool consists of plasmacytoid DC (pDC), XCR1+ DC1 and SIRP+ DC2. Yet the precise origin, development, and homeostasis, particularly of DC2, remain unresolved. Using single-cell transcriptomics and lineage-defining mouse models we identify nine major populations of thymic myeloid cells and describe their lineage identities. What was previously considered to be "DC2" is actually composed of 4 distinct cell lineages. Amongst these are monocyte-derived DCs (moDC) and monocyte derived macrophages (moMac), which are dependent on thymic interferon to upregulate MHCII and CD11c. We further demonstrate that conventional DC2 undergo intrathymic maturation through CD40 signaling. Finally, amongst "DC2" we identify a novel thymic population of CX3CR1+ transitional DC (tDC), which represent transendothelial DCs positioned near thymic microvessels. Together, these finding reveal the thymus as a niche for diverse, developmentally distinct myeloid cells and elucidate their specific requirements for development and maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hogquist, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voboril, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sulczewski, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashby, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valerio, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idoyaga, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thymic DC2 are heterogenous and include a novel population of transitional dendritic cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gastric cancer treatment target identified from an accelerated Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and consequent inflammation leads to gastric cancer (GC). Despite the prevalence of this bacterium and availability of genomic data, targeted therapies for GC are still early in development. Previously in our accelerated Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer mouse model we identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including PSMB8 (proteasome subunit beta type 8, also called LMP7); one of the immune subunits of the immunoproteasome, which has been associated with disease severity in multiple cancers. We observed elevated expression of PSMB8 in our accelerated gastric cancer model, in the human gastric cancer cell line (MKN45), and in gastric cancer patient samples. Moreover, we identified carfilzomib as a potential drug that targets PSMB8. Therefore, to test its efficacy against gastric cancer, nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with MKN45 derived tumors and treated with carfilzomib, alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the standard care drug. The effectiveness of drug treatment was measured by tumor growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We observed that carfilzomib retarded tumor growth, inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that carfilzomib has a robust anti-tumor activity and is a suitable drug candidate for targeted therapy in gastric cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurstjens, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amirfakhri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lozano-Pope, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouvet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obonyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gastric cancer treatment target identified from an accelerated Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptomics in a treatment-segregated cohort exposes a STAT3-regulated therapeutic gap in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.16.659944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic pulmonary disease with unknown etiology. Since approved idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) drugs only slow disease progression, novel therapeutics are required that improve clinical outcomes. Here, we report a single cell RNA-Seq and regulatory network analysis of the largest IPF cohort assembled to date. Segregating this cohort based on status of treatment with approved antifibrotics (untreated, nintedanib- and pirfenidone-treated), we describe for the first time the transcriptional landscape of untreated IPF across 40 lung cell types, and the elements of this program that are impacted by approved antifibrotics. On average, 60% of the untreated IPF-dysregulated transcriptome is refractory to treatment with these drugs, a transcriptional deficit we refer to as the IPF therapeutic gap. Regulatory network analysis indicated a dominant functional footprint for the transcription factor STAT3 in both untreated IPF and in the IPF therapeutic gap. Validating our analysis in a translational precision cut lung slice platform that recapitulates IPF explants, treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor reduced the IPF therapeutic gap in numerous lung cell types. Finally, we implicated STAT3 as a master transcription factor that regulates a network comprising numerous profibrotic transcription factors in IPF alveolar fibroblasts, a critical fibrotic cell lineage. Our study represents a comprehensive resource for translational lung fibrosis research and establishes a novel strategy for drug discovery in human disease more broadly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McKenna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochsner, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cala-Garcia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echartea, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuluaga, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pineda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillich, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villalba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celada, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sauler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koenigshoff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaminski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raby, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoyi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coarfa, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.16.659944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell transcriptomics in a treatment-segregated cohort exposes a STAT3-regulated therapeutic gap in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A balance between nucleating and elongating actin filaments controls deformation of protein condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein condensates use multivalent binding and surface tension to assemble actin filaments into diverse architectures, reminiscent of filopodia and stress fibers. During this process, nucleation of new filaments and elongation of existing filaments inherently compete for a shared pool of actin monomers. Here we show that a balance between these competing processes is required to deform condensates of VASP, an actin binding protein, into structures with high aspect ratios. Addition of magnesium, which promotes filament nucleation, helped actin to deform condensates into high aspect ratio structures. In contrast, addition of profilin, which inhibits filament nucleation, allowing existing filaments to elongate, caused actin to assemble into ring-like bundles that failed to substantially increase condensate aspect ratio. Computational modeling helped to explain these results by predicting that a group of short linear filaments, which can apply asymmetric pressure to the condensate boundary, is needed to increase condensate aspect ratio. In contrast, a small number of long filaments with the same total actin content should fail to overcome the droplet surface tension, forming a ring-like bundle. To test these predictions, we introduced gelsolin, which severed log filaments within rings, creating new barbed ends. The resulting set of shorter filaments regained the ability to deform condensates into high aspect ratio structures. Collectively, these results suggest that a balance of actin filament nucleation and elongation is required to deform protein condensates. More broadly, these findings illustrate how protein condensates can balance multiple kinetic processes to direct the assembly of diverse cytoskeletal architectures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansour, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Effiong, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lafer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belardi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachowiak, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.18.660423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A balance between nucleating and elongating actin filaments controls deformation of protein condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin remodeler LET-418/Mi-2 regulates the intracellular pathogen response in the C. elegans intestine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin remodeling provides essential transcriptional regulation for all biological processes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the chromatin remodeler LET-418, a homolog of the human Mi-2{beta} protein, plays a critical role in regulating development, organogenesis, tissue maintenance, stress resistance and lifespan. LET-418 is part of several chromatin remodeling complexes and contributes significantly to the balance between growth and defense mechanisms, yet its target genes remain unclear. Using DNA methylation profiling, we identified genomic binding sites and associated target genes of LET-418 and its MEC-complex-specific interactor MEP-1 in the intestine. Consistent with their presence in the same complex, the two proteins shared more than half of their target genes. Functional analysis revealed that LET-418 and MEP-1 target genes are highly active in the intestine and are involved in repressing innate immune responses, including the intracellular pathogen response (IPR). Consistently, in let-418 mutants, IPR-induced genes, such as pals-5 or pals-2 are strongly upregulated, in a manner dependent on ZIP-1, a major transcription factor for IPR. Additionally, we found pathogen levels of the natural intracellular intestinal pathogen Nematocida parisii significantly reduced in let-418 mutants, supporting the observation of increased IPR in this mutant. Altogether, these findings reveal a crucial role for LET-418 as a modulator of the IPR, aligning with its role in maintaining the balance between development and defense.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajopadhye, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazetic, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez Crespo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meister, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wicky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.659900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin remodeler LET-418/Mi-2 regulates the intracellular pathogen response in the C. elegans intestine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of PROTACs for targeted degradation of oncogenic TRK fusions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomal translocations leading to the fusion of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK) with diverse partner proteins have been identified as oncogenic drivers in many adult and pediatric cancers. While first-generation TRK kinase inhibitors, such as entrectinib and larotrectinib, have shown positive responses in TRK fusion-positive cancers, resistance mutations against these inhibitors in the kinase domain limit their efficacy. Second-generation inhibitors are in clinical evaluation, highlighting a need for novel therapeutic modalities to achieve durable suppression of the oncogenic activity of TRK fusions. Here, we developed heterobifunctional small molecule degraders (PROTACs) to achieve targeted degradation of TRK fusions. By conjugating entrectinib to thalidomide, we identified JWJ-01-378 as a potent and selective CRBN-recruiting degrader of the TPM3-TRKA fusion. JWJ-01-378 induced TPM3-TRKA degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and proteomics analysis confirmed the acute selectivity of JWJ-01-378 for achieving TPM3-TRKA degradation with minimal off-target effects. While JWJ-01-378 was also able to degrade wild-type TRK, it was unable to degrade TRK inhibitor resistant mutants and ALK fusions. Importantly, TPM3-TRKA degradation by JWJ-01-378 suppressed downstream signaling and reduced cancer cell viability, with improved responses compared to heterobifunctional control compounds that cannot degrade TPM3-TRKA. Together, our study expands the toolbox of compounds for evaluating targeted degradation of TRK fusions in cancer.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=97 SRC="FIGDIR/small/660465v1_ufig13.gif" ALT="Figure 13">
View larger version (19K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6c78f7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@179dcdeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1939988org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@144c718_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG JWJ-01-378 recruits cereblon (CRBN) to induce potent and selective degradation of oncogenic TRK fusions, leading to a collapse in downstream signaling and loss of cancer cell viability. Graphical abstract was created using Biorender.com.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donald-Paladino, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Federation, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szulzewsky, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nabet, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.18.660465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of PROTACs for targeted degradation of oncogenic TRK fusions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-fast and Efficient Network Embedding for Gigascale Biological Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.18.660497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Graph/network representation learning (or graph/network embedding) is a widely used machine learning technique in industry recommending systems and has recently been applied in computational biology. Popular network representation learning algorithms include random walk and matrix factorization methods, but they do not scale well to large networks. To accommodate the fast growth of real-world network datasets, especially biological datasets, we engineered and improved several network embedding algorithms via intensive computational optimization (e.g., randomized-generalized singular value decomposition/SVD, efficient sketching via ProbMinHash including edge weights) and parallelization to allow ultra-fast and accurate embedding of large- scale networks. We present GraphEmbed, a computer program for scalable, memory-efficient network embedding. GraphEmbed can perform embedding for large-scale networks with several billion nodes in less than 2 hours on a commodity computing cluster. We benchmark it against standard datasets and demonstrate consistent speed and accuracy advantages over state-of-the- art techniques. We also propose centric AUC, a new metric for evaluating link-prediction accuracy in network embedding. It corrects the bias in conventional AUC caused by the highly skewed node degree distributions, which are typically found in real-world networks, especially biological networks. Taken together, GraphEmbed solves a major challenge in large-scale network representation learning for networks in general and biological networks in particular.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierre Both, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.18.660497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-fast and Efficient Network Embedding for Gigascale Biological Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.19.660595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The titin N2A-MARP signalosome constrains muscle longitudinal hypertrophy in response to stretch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.19.660595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Titin-based mechanosensing is a key driver of trophic signaling in muscle, yet the downstream pathways linking titin sensing to muscle remodeling remain poorly understood. To investigate these signaling mechanisms, we utilized unilateral diaphragm denervation (UDD), an in vivo model that induces titin-stiffness-dependent hypertrophy via mechanical stretch. Using UDD in rats and mice, we characterized the longitudinal hypertrophic response and distinguished stretch-induced signaling from denervation effects by performing global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses following UDD and bilateral diaphragm denervation (BDD) in rats. Our findings identified upregulation of titin-associated muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (MARPs). Subsequent phosphorylation enrichment mass spectrometry in mouse diaphragm highlighted the involvement of the N2A-element. UDD in MARP knockout (KO) mice resulted in enhanced longitudinal hypertrophy, with Western blot analysis revealing activation of the mTOR pathway. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin suppressed longitudinal hypertrophy, demonstrating that mTOR signaling regulates titin-mediated hypertrophic growth in a MARP-dependent manner. These findings establish MARPs as key modulators of titin-based mechanotransduction and highlight mTORC1 as a central regulator of longitudinal muscle hypertrophy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van der Pijl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohlke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conijn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hourani, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langlais, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labeit, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granzier, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottenheijm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.19.660595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The titin N2A-MARP signalosome constrains muscle longitudinal hypertrophy in response to stretch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.660870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulating Scalp EEG from Ultrahigh-Density ECoG Data Illustrates Cortex to Scalp Projection Patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.660870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultrahigh-density electrocorticography (ECoG) provides unprecedented spatial resolution for recording cortical electrical activity. This study uses simulated scalp projections from an ECoG recording to challenge the assumption that channel-level electroencephalography (EEG) reflects only local field potentials near the recording electrode. Using a 1024-electrode ECoG array placed on the primary motor cortex during finger movements, we applied Adaptive Mixture Independent Component Analysis (AMICA) to decompose activity into maximally independent grid activity components and projected these to 207 simulated EEG scalp electrode channels using a high-definition MR image-based electrical forward-problem head model. Our findings demonstrate how cortical surface-recorded potentials propagate to scalp electrodes both far from and near to the generating location. This work has significant implications for interpreting both EEG and ECoG data in clinical and research applications.

Clinical RelevanceThis study provides insights for interpreting scalp EEG data, demonstrating that scalp channel activity represents a complex mixture of distributed cortical source activities rather than primarily activity generated nearest to the scalp electrodes. These findings may hopefully spur improvement in EEG-based diagnostics for neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shirazi, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.660870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulating Scalp EEG from Ultrahigh-Density ECoG Data Illustrates Cortex to Scalp Projection Patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome variations in osteoarthritis reflect aging and metabolic factors, not the disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiome is crucial for human health. Its disruption has been linked to several chronic diseases, including joint disorders. The gut-joint axis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), but conflicting findings and study limitations have led to uncertainty regarding the role of microbiota. We conducted a multi-cohort gut microbiota analysis in 1,395 OA patients from four European cohorts (Lifelines, EstMB, FINRISK 2002, TwinsUK), using stringent exclusion criteria and matched controls. When assessing microbial diversity, taxa, functional gene profiles, and gut permeability biomarkers, no significant differences were found between OA and controls. Although this does not exclude a causal contribution of the microbiota in the gut-joint-axis, its dysbiosis does not seem to be linked with OA disease progression. Instead, age and BMI appeared as the main contributing factors to microbiome changes. Microbiome studies in complex diseases often face challenges such as small sample sizes, batch effects, and limited ability to match appropriate controls, particularly in single-cohort designs. By combining data from multiple large cohorts, we were able to mitigate these limitations and provide a more robust assessment of microbiome association with OA. Our findings emphasize the need for rigorous study design in microbiome research and challenge the OA-gut dysbiosis hypothesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bevc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malfertheiner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuenschwander, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, V. D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantiukh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niiranen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomaa, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havulinna, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Org, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eklund, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zenobi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Mering, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.661261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome variations in osteoarthritis reflect aging and metabolic factors, not the disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle dysregulation of globally important SAR11 bacteria resulting from environmental perturbation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome streamlining is hypothesized to occur in bacteria as an adaptation to resource-limited environments, but can result in gene losses affecting fundamental aspects of cellular physiology. The most abundant marine microorganisms, SAR11 (order Pelagibacterales), exhibit canonical genome streamlining, but the consequences of this genotype on core cellular processes like cell division remain unexplored. Here, analysis of 470 SAR11 genomes revealed widespread absence of key cell cycle control genes. Growth experiments demonstrated that although SAR11 bacteria maintain a normal cell cycle under oligotrophic conditions, they exhibit growth inhibition and aneuploidy when exposed to nutrient enrichment, carbon source shifts, or temperature stress. Detailed growth measurements and antibiotic inhibition experiments showed that these phenotypes resulted from cell division disruption with continuing DNA replication, leading to heterogeneous subpopulations of normal and polyploid cells. This vulnerability raises questions about microbial genome evolution and the evolutionary trade-offs between adaptations to stable nutrient-limited conditions and physiological resilience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savalia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asrari, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thrash, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle dysregulation of globally important SAR11 bacteria resulting from environmental perturbation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.661127v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The microbial fingerprint: fine-scale environmental, genetic, and temporal factors drive the reef metagenome during coral spawning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.661127v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the stability of microbial community assembly on coral reefs is crucial for determining their response to changing environments. Here, we evaluate how the marine sediment, water column, and mountainous star coral (Orbicella faveolata) metagenomic communities shift over temporal, spatial, and genetic gradients, centered on the annual coral spawning event on St. Croix, USVI. Using low-coverage shotgun sequencing and a reference-free approach, we characterized metagenomic communities and additionally report 15 metagenome-assembled genomes from environmental samples. We show that diel time can be as important as kilometer-scale distance in structuring the coral-associated and marine sediment community structure, albeit with other highly local factors (genotype, within-reef location) driving most variation. Through multivariate machine learning methods, we find several taxa and metabolic pathways enriched over time, where broad metagenomic community shifts may be linked with concurrent temperature increase or the annual coral spawning event. As understanding the coral microbiome in the context of its environment becomes increasingly important, our research underscores the importance of small-scale variation, both spatially and temporally, in structuring coral reef metagenomic communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huzar, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matz, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.23.661127</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The microbial fingerprint: fine-scale environmental, genetic, and temporal factors drive the reef metagenome during coral spawning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.661188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate Prediction of ecDNA in Interphase Cancer Cells using Deep Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.23.661188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogene amplification is a key driver of cancer pathogenesis and is often mediated by extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA). EcDNA amplifications are associated with increased pathogenicity of cancer and poorer outcomes for patients. EcDNA can be detected accurately using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) when cells are arrested in metaphase. However, the majority of cancer cells are non-mitotic and must be analyzed in interphase, where it is difficult to discern extrachromosomal amplifications from chromosomal amplifications. Thus, there is a need for methods that accurately predict oncogene amplification status from interphase cells.

Here, we present interSeg, a deep learning-based tool to cytogenetically determine the amplification status as EC-amp, HSR-amp, or not amplified from interphase FISH images. We trained and validated interSeg on 652 images (40,446 nuclei). Tests on 215 cultured cell and tissue model images (9,733 nuclei) showed 89% and 97% accuracy at the nuclear and sample levels, respectively. The neuroblastoma patient tissue hold-out set (67 samples and 1,937 nuclei) also revealed 97% accuracy at the sample level in detecting the presence of focal amplification. In experimentally and computationally mixed images, interSeg accurately predicted the level of heterogeneity. The results showcase interSeg as an important method for analyzing oncogene amplifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, I. T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brückner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiese, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theissen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henssen, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.23.661188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate Prediction of ecDNA in Interphase Cancer Cells using Deep Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interleaved Replay of Novel and Familiar Memory Traces During Slow-Wave Sleep Prevents Catastrophic Forgetting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans and animals can learn continuously, acquiring new knowledge while integrating it into a lifelong memory pool. In contrast, artificial neural networks (ANNs) suffer from catastrophic forgetting, where new training disrupts existing memories. This issue can be alleviated in ANNs by interleaving training on new tasks with past data; however, whether the brain uses a similar strategy is unknown. In this work, we show that slow-wave sleep interleaves replay of familiar and novel (i.e. hippocampal-dependent) memory traces within individual slow waves, allowing new memories to integrate into the existing cortical pool without interference. This study presents a novel theory for how memory traces acquired across an animals life are organized within the cortical-hippocampal system to support continual learning and suggests novel principles for a broad range of continual learning AI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Golden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saxena, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanois, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilianski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNaughton, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interleaved Replay of Novel and Familiar Memory Traces During Slow-Wave Sleep Prevents Catastrophic Forgetting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SORLA upregulation suppresses global pathological effects in aged tauopathy mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A role for the trafficking receptor SORLA in reducing A{beta} levels has been well-established, however, relatively little is known with respect to whether and how SORLA can potentially affect tau pathology in vivo. Here, we show that transgenic SORLA upregulation (SORLA TG) can reverse pathological effects in aged PS19 (P301S tau) mouse brain, including tau phosphorylation and seeding, ventricle dilation, synapse loss, LTP impairment and glial hyperactivation. Proteomic analysis indicates reversion of PS19 profiles in PS19/SORLA TG hippocampus, including pathological changes in synapse-related proteins as well as key drivers of synaptic dysfunction such as Apoe and C1q. snRNA-seq analysis reveals suppression of PS19- signatures with SORLA upregulation, including proinflammatory induction of Plxnb1/Plxnb2 in glia. Tau seeding and aggregation, neuroinflammation, as well as PlxnB1/B2 induction are exacerbated in PS19 hippocampus with SORLA deletion. These results implicate a global role for SORLA in neuroprotection from tau toxicity in PS19 mouse brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatnagar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curatolo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porritt, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SORLA upregulation suppresses global pathological effects in aged tauopathy mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-Term Effects of Adolescent 5F-MDMB-PICA Intravenous self-administration: Neurobehavioral Consequences and medial Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction in Adult Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSynthetic Cannabinoids Receptor Agonists (SCRAs) are the largest group of new psychoactive substances monitored worldwide. 5F-MDMB-PICA is a recent SCRA classified as a potent full agonist at CB1/CB2 receptors able to activate the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission in adolescent but not in adult mice. Here, we have studied its reinforcing effects in adolescent mice and characterized the neurochemical and behavioral effects induced in the same animals in adulthood.

MethodsWe utilized an intravenous self-administration (IVSA) protocol in adolescent (PND 40-56) CD-1 male mice. In adulthood (PND 66-78), we conducted several behavioral and neurobiological assessments including: Sucrose Preference Test (SPT); Resident Intruder Test (RIT); Olfactory Reactivity Test (ORT); brain microdialysis to quantify DA levels in the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC); and fiber photometry analysis using the GCaMP calcium sensor to monitor excitatory neural dynamics in the mPFC after exposure to an aversive odorant.

ResultsWe found that 5F-MDMB-PICA, administered through IVSA in adolescent mice, produced an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. The dose of 2.5 g/kg/25ul elicited behavior consistent with drug seeking. Adult mice exposed to 5F-MDMB-PICA during adolescence exhibited significant behavioral and neurochemical changes in adulthood compared to control mice. These behaviors included increased aggression, reduced social interaction, an anhedonic state, and an abolishment of mPFC DA response to an aversive odorant, as measured by in vivo brain microdialysis. Moreover, fiber photometry analysis of excitatory neuronal activity in the mPFC showed diminished calcium activity in response to the same aversive odorant in 5F-MDMB-PICA-exposed mice compared to controls.

ConclusionsNotably, this study is the first to demonstrate that adolescent mice can acquire and sustain IVSA of 5F-MDMB-PICA. Furthermore, it highlights the long-term behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with adolescent exposure to 5F-MDMB-PICA, underscoring the potential detrimental effects of its use during this critical developmental period.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caria, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libster, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desfor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Chiara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Luca, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-Term Effects of Adolescent 5F-MDMB-PICA Intravenous self-administration: Neurobehavioral Consequences and medial Prefrontal Cortex Dysfunction in Adult Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.662059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous recording of spikes and calcium signals in odor-evoked responses of Drosophila antennal neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.662059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most insects, including agricultural pests and disease vectors, rely on olfaction for key innate behaviors. Consequently, there is growing interest in studying insect olfaction to gain insights into odor-driven behavior and to support efforts in vector control. Calcium imaging using GCaMP fluorescence is widely used to identify olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) responsive to ethologically relevant odors. However, accurate interpretation of GCaMP signals in the antenna requires understanding both response uniformity within an ORN population and how calcium signals relate to spike activity. To address this, we optimized a dual-modality recording method combining single-sensillum electrophysiology and widefield imaging for Drosophila ORNs. Calcium imaging showed that homotypic ab2A neurons exhibit similar odor sensitivity, consistent with spike recordings, indicating that a single ORNs response can reliably represent its homotypic counterparts. Furthermore, concurrent dual recordings revealed that peak calcium responses are linearly correlated with spike activity, regardless of imaging site (soma or dendrites), GCaMP variant, odorant, or fly age. These findings validate the use of somatic calcium signals as a reliable proxy for spike activity in fly ORNs and provide a foundation for future large-scale surveys of spike-calcium response relationships across diverse ORN types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rifkin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.662059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous recording of spikes and calcium signals in odor-evoked responses of Drosophila antennal neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Genotype Inference Reveals Cis- and Trans-Driven Variation in the Loss-of-Heterozygosity Rates in Yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events are an important source of genetic variation in diploids and are implicated in cancer. LOH-event rates vary across the genome and across genetic backgrounds, but our understanding of this variation is in its infancy. State-of-the-art measurements of LOH rates are obtained from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments in heterozygous hybrids and hinge on the accurate inference of diploid genotypes from short sequencing reads. We analyzed a new large MA dataset in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found that the currently standard "single-reference" genotyping approach can lead to errors in LOH-rate estimates and produce spurious homolog biases. To address this problem, we develop a novel genotyping approach that is symmetric with respect to both homologs, removes dubious heterozygous markers and corrects for undetected LOH events. We report revised estimates of LOH rates across 12 yeast hybrids, which differ by factors between 0.19 and 5.3 from previously published ones. Our revised estimates do not support the previously reported positive correlation between the rate of terminal LOH events and the hybrid heterozygosity. Finally, our analysis reveals that the 60-fold variation in the rates of interstitial LOH events across yeast hybrids is driven overwhelmingly by genome-wide (trans) genetic factors. In contrast, the 6-fold variation in terminal LOH events is driven by both trans and local (cis) factors. Our results provide a foundation for reliable detection of LOH events and further investigations into the genetic underpinnings of LOH-rate variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Overton, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryazhimskiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Genotype Inference Reveals Cis- and Trans-Driven Variation in the Loss-of-Heterozygosity Rates in Yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD47 blockade enhances immunoradiotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with limited treatment options for patients with locally advanced disease. CD47 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been used to block the CD47/SIRPa interaction that inhibits antigen-presenting cell phagocytosis, thereby enhancing antigen presentation to cytotoxic T-cells, and have shown promise in combination with anti-PD1 immunotherapy in tumors, including recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. We found that CD47 expression is associated with poor prognosis in HNSCC and explored the anti-tumor activity of CD47 blockade in combination with anti-PD1 and lymphatic-sparing radiotherapy in a locally advanced HNSCC model. Using the 4MOSC1 orthotopic, syngeneic murine model of HPV-negative HNSCC, treatment with an engineered CD47-blocking SIRP fusion protein (ALX301) similarly induced complete tumor regression in combination with anti-PD1, and a partial response as a standalone therapeutic. An anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitor in a CD47-null tumor background led to complete tumor regression confirming a key role for CD47 in tumor immunity. Anti-CD47 treated mice demonstrated increased MHC-II expression on dendritic cells within the tumor and upregulation of CD86 co-stimulatory molecule on dendritic cells within the tumor, sentinel lymph nodes, and contralateral lymph nodes. Combination ALX301 and anti-PD1 treatment in an anti-PD1 resistant 4MOSC2 model demonstrated significant tumor regression, enhanced survivability, improved response with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and greater retention of CD8+ T-cells within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, T-cell receptor sequencing revealed increased shared clonality between the tumor and sentinel lymph nodes of anti-CD47 treated mice. These data demonstrate that a combination of CD47 blockade and anti-PD1 therapy enhances tumor antigen presentation and immune cell infiltration, while further improving anti-tumor responses in combination with tumor-targeted radiotherapy. This study provides support for the rational design of combinatorial immunoradiotherapy, using anti-CD47 inhibitors and anti-PD1 therapy, in a clinical trial targeting locally advanced HPV-negative HNSCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monther, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Msari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saddawi-Konefka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fassardi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philips, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadzadeh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyauchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharabi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Califano, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.29.662015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD47 blockade enhances immunoradiotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.30.662372v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Influence of perinatal ampicillin exposure on maternal fecal microbial and metabolic profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.30.662372v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Indirect exposure to antibiotics during early life, via maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) or postpartum maternal antibiotic usage, is increasingly common and has been epidemiologically linked to altered growth and immune developmental trajectories in offspring. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the effects of antepartum and postpartum maternal ampicillin administration on the dams fecal microbiome and metabolic profiles in vivo. Ampicillin caused a reproducible depletion of beneficial bacterial species belonging to the Muribaculaceae family, including Muribaculum intestinale and Duncaniella dubosii, and led to cohort-dependent enrichments of Enterococcus and Prevotella species. These microbial alterations were accompanied by substantial metabolic remodeling, characterized by elevated fecal acylcarnitines and dysregulation of the bile acids profile. Intriguingly, we identified two previously uncharacterized trihydroxylated bile acids conjugated to a hexose moiety, which appeared to be associated with antibiotic exposure across public metabolomics repositories. These alterations in the fecal maternal microbiome and metabolome coincided with increased weight gain in offspring, suggesting a possible role for maternal antibiotic exposure in shaping early developmental trajectories. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the long-term implications of these changes in infant health.

IMPORTANCEPerinatal antibiotic administration is a critical intervention to reduce maternal and neonatal infections, including early-onset group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease, a major cause of neonatal mortality. Nevertheless, mounting evidence suggests that the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics during the perinatal period in mothers can affect infant gut microbiome development, with potential consequences for immune maturation and early development. Understanding how maternal antibiotic exposure affects the gut microbiome and metabolome is essential for uncovering the potential pathways by which maternal intervention may influence offspring outcomes and for guiding strategies that balance infection control with long-term infant health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kousha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Askarian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.30.662372</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Influence of perinatal ampicillin exposure on maternal fecal microbial and metabolic profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistent Activation of Endothelial Cells is Linked to Thrombosis and Inflammation in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractO_ST_ABSBACKGROUNDC_ST_ABSCerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are neurovascular lesions that affect both children and adults, and morbidity often results from thrombosis, bleeding, and neurological dysfunction. Studies indicate that inflammation-related activation of endothelial cells contributes significantly to the worsening of CCM disease. This suggests that ongoing vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are key factors associated with thrombosis and bleeding in CCM disease. However, the inflammatory mechanisms leading to altered brain endothelial cell function with a high propensity for thrombosis, inflammation, and dysfunction are not fully understood.

METHODSMulti-omic analyses was conducted by performing simultaneous high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-nucleus transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq) with the 10x Genomics multiome platform in combination with immunofluorescence to study CCM pathogenesis in both female and male mice with CCM (Slco1c1-CreERT2; Pdcd10fl/fl) disease. The analysis was complemented with bulk RNA-seq, bulk ATAC-seq, and ChIP-seq (Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) using an in vitro human CCM model. An AAV-BR1 viral system selectively upregulates the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor JUNB in brain endothelial cells was used to evaluate its effectiveness in maintaining a persistent activated cell state during the pathogenesis of CCM.

RESULTSWe found that epigenetics significantly influences the subtype identity and function of brain endothelial cells within the arteriovenous axis. Through multi-omic analyses, specific regulatory elements and enhancers (cis-Regulatory Elements, cCREs) in mouse brain endothelial cells were identified that influence subtype-specific transcriptional programs and the transcription factors responsible for establishing the various subtypes of brain endothelial cells. Additionally, large-scale epigenomic reprogramming of brain endothelial cell subtypes was observed during the pathogenesis of CCM disease. Among the most significant changes were alterations in the chromatin state of endothelial cells, along with transcriptional processes associated with a persistently activated endothelial cell state, which renders them susceptible to inflammation and thrombosis. The activator AP-1 transcription factor JUNB was identified as a key regulator of the persistently activated endothelial state during chronic neuroinflammation. Moreover, both trans- and cis-regulatory factors conserved between mice and humans were discovered and contribute to the progression of chronic CCM disease.

CONCLUSIONSEpigenetics plays a crucial role in determining the transcription patterns and functions of brain arteriovenous endothelial cells. The activator JUNB is identified as a driver of chronic brain vascular inflammation by inducing a persistent activated endothelial cell state from epigenome reprogramming.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=111 SRC="FIGDIR/small/662238v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (30K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1297edforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1488e27org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6cae62org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12cb282_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallego-Gutierrez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frias-Anaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbelin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.29.662238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistent Activation of Endothelial Cells is Linked to Thrombosis and Inflammation in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetics of growth rate in induced pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have transformed biomedical research by enabling the generation of diverse cell types from accessible somatic tissues. However, certain fundamental biological properties, such as the genetic and epigenetic determinants of iPSC proliferation, remain poorly characterized. We measured the growth of iPSC lines derived from 602 unique donors using high-throughput time-lapse imaging, quantified proliferation through a growth Area-Under-the-Curve (gAUC) phenotype, and correlated gAUC with the gene expression and genotype of the cell lines. We identified 3,091 genes associated with gAUC, many of which are well established regulators of cell proliferation. We also found that rare deleterious variants in WDR54 were associated with reduced iPSC growth and that WDR54 was differentially expressed with respect to gAUC. Although no common variants showed a genome-wide association with gAUC, iPSC lines from monozygotic twins were highly correlated, and common genetic variation explained approximately 71-75% of the variance in iPSC growth rates. These results indicate a complex genetic architecture of iPSC growth rates, where rare, large-effect variants in important growth regulators, including WDR54, are layered onto a highly polygenic background. These findings have important implications for the design of pooled iPSC-based studies and disease models, which may be confounded by intrinsic growth differences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cipriani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narisu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnycastle, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsaud, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semrau, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NYSCF Global Stem Cell Array Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GENESiPS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>iPSCORE Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carcamo-Orive, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Antonio-Chronowska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frazer, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biesecker, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noggle, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdos, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paull, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.02.662844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetics of growth rate in induced pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel subtyping method for TNBC with implications for prognosis and therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.04.663242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biological heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant challenges for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. While prior TNBC subtype classifications exist, they are not widely used clinically. Here, we aimed to subtype TNBC based on transcriptomic profiles using cell type and state heterogeneity in tumor tissue from 250 pre-treatment women (127 African-American and 123 European-American). We identified three major subtypes and three distinct groups exhibiting unique cell-type composition and mechanisms: Subtype-1 immune signaling/T-cell response; Subtype-2 pro-fibrotic and immune desert; Subtype-3 fatty acid and nuclear receptor signaling. Subtype-1 showed potential responsiveness to immunotherapy, while Subtypes-2 and 3 suggested alternative therapeutic targets. In Subtype-3, which contained a patient group with high ESR1, (but not high ER protein expression) we identified putative mutations in the gene that are unique to these patients. This framework provides a path toward personalized TNBC treatment and is accessible through a user-friendly RShiny application for clinical use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mesrizadeh, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zabaleta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valle, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomsic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhausen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seewaldt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochoa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miele, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.04.663242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel subtyping method for TNBC with implications for prognosis and therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.663886v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Aurora kinases as essential cell cycle regulators to deliver multi-stage antimalarials against Plasmodium falciparum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.663886v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinases that play critical roles in the development and adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum present novel opportunities for chemotherapeutic intervention. Of particular interest are mitotic kinases that regulate the proliferation of the parasites by controlling nuclear division, segregation and cytokinesis. We evaluated the potential of human Aurora kinase (Aur) inhibitors to inhibit P. falciparum development by targeting members of the Aurora-related kinase (Ark) family in this parasite. Several human AurB inhibitors exhibited multistage potency (<250 nM) against all proliferative stages of parasite development, including asexual blood stages, liver schizonts and male gametes. Among the most potent compounds, hesperadin and AT83 exhibit >1000x selectivity towards the parasite without concerns about mammalian cell toxicity. Importantly, we identified PfArk1 as the principal vulnerable Ark family member, with specific inhibition of PfArk1 as the primary target for hesperadin and the human anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor TAE684. Hesperadins whole-cell and protein activity validates it as a unique PfArk1 tool compound. Inhibition of PfArk1 results in the parasites inability to complete mitotic processes, presenting with unsegregated, multi-lobed nuclei caused by aberrant microtubule organization. This suggests that PfArk1 is the main Aur mitotic kinase in proliferative stages of Plasmodium, characterized by bifunctional AurA and B activity. This paves the way for drug discovery campaigns based on hesperadin targeting PfArk1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Langeveld, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maepa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maree, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thibaud, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salomane, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridgwater, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Famodimu, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasaje, C. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonyalai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theart, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghidelli-Disse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niles, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delves, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chibale, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wicht, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulson, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birkholtz, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.10.663886</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Aurora kinases as essential cell cycle regulators to deliver multi-stage antimalarials against Plasmodium falciparum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cryo-EM-delineated mechanism underlying mimicry of CXCR4 agonism enables widespread stem cell neuroprotection in a mouse model of ALS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins that mediate a range of signaling functions and, therefore, offer targets for a number of therapeutic interventions. Chemokine receptor CXCR4, a GPCR, plays versatile roles in normal and abnormal physiological processes. Synthetic CXCR4 antagonists have been extensively studied and approved for the clinical treatment of cancer and other diseases. We recently elucidated the structural mechanisms underlying CXCR4 antagonism using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). CXCR4 agonism by synthetic molecules is an unanticipated therapeutic intervention we recently unveiled. The structural mechanisms underlying those actions remain poorly understood yet could help elucidate a new class of drugs. Here we demonstrate a synthetic dual-moiety strategy that combines simplified agonistic and antagonistic moieties taken from natural agonistic and antagonistic chemokines, respectively, to design de novo peptide mimics of biological function of natural CXCR4 agonist SDF-1. Two peptides so generated, SDV1a and SDVX1 were shown to mimic the action of SDF-1 in activating CXCR4 signaling pathways and cell migration. The structural mechanism of these peptides in the mimicry of CXCR4 agonism was illustrated by cryo-EM structures of CXCR4 bound and activated by the peptides in the presence of G protein, revealing common interactions with the receptor by these peptides in comparison with SDF-1 that explain their close mimicry and conformational changes leading to CXCR4 signal activation. The therapeutic benefit of one of these peptides, SDV1a, was demonstrated in the SOD1G93A mouse model of the spinal motor neuron degenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) wherein the success of neuroprotective actions of transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) is directly correlated with the expanse of diseased neuroaxis traversed by the donor cells; SDV1a enabled broader neuroprotective coverage while also permitting a much less invasive route of cell administration for extending life. Taken together, these results provide insights into the structural determinants of therapeutic CXCR4 agonism which may allow the design of adjunctive drugs that improve cell-based treatments of central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarado, A. I. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuryyev, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ourenik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ourednik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciechanover, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzo, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zholudeva, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cryo-EM-delineated mechanism underlying mimicry of CXCR4 agonism enables widespread stem cell neuroprotection in a mouse model of ALS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis supports metabolic flexibility in Mycobacterium marinum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Isoprenoids are a diverse class of natural products that are essential in all domains of life. Most bacteria synthesize isoprenoids through either the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway or the mevalonate (MEV) pathway, while a small subset encodes both pathways, including the pathogen Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). It is unclear whether the MEV pathway is functional in Mm, or why Mm encodes seemingly redundant metabolic pathways. Here we show that the MEP pathway is essential in Mm while the MEV pathway is dispensable in culture, with the {Delta}MEV mutant having no growth defect in axenic culture but a competitive growth defect compared to WT Mm. We found that the MEV pathway does not play a role in ex vivo or in vivo infection but does play a role in survival of peroxide stress. Metabolite profiling revealed that modulation of the MEV pathway causes compensatory changes in the concentration of MEP intermediates DOXP and CDP-ME, suggesting that the MEV pathway is functional and that the pathways interact at the metabolic level. Finally, the MEV pathway is upregulated early in the shift down to hypoxia, suggesting that it may provide metabolic flexibility to this bacterium. Interestingly, we found that our complemented strains, which vary in copy number of the polyprenyl synthetase idsB2, responded differently to peroxide and UV stresses, suggesting a role for this gene as a determinant of downstream prenyl phosphate metabolism. Together, these findings suggest that MEV may serve as an anaplerotic pathway to make isoprenoids under stress conditions.

ImportanceOrganisms from all domains of life utilize isoprenoids to carry out thousands of critical and auxiliary cellular processes, including signaling, membrane integrity, stress response, and host-pathogen interactions. The common precursor of all isoprenoids is synthesized via one of two biosynthetic pathways and importantly, some bacteria encode both pathways, including M. marinum. We found that only one pathway is essential in M. marinum, while the nonessential pathway may confer metabolic flexibility to help the bacterium better adapt to various environmental conditions. We also found that the polyprenyl synthetase IdsB2 plays an important role in driving such phenotypes. Further, we demonstrate metabolic interplay between both functional pathways. These insights represent the first characterization of isoprenoid biosynthesis in dual pathway-encoding mycobacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qabar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baidoo, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akyuz Turumtay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qayum, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keasling, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madigan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portnoy, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis supports metabolic flexibility in Mycobacterium marinum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An increase of NPY1 expression leads to inhibitory phosphorylation of PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins and suppression of pinoid (pid) null mutants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.14.664678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The PINOID (PID) protein kinase is required for flower initiation in Arabidopsis. The pid mutants fail to initiate flowers on inflorescences, a phenotype that is mimicked by disrupting either the NAKED PINS IN YUC MUTANTS (NPY) gene family or PIN FORMED 1 (PIN1). Both PID and NPY1 have been reported to positively modulate PIN-mediated polar auxin transport. Here, we show that overexpression of NPY1 (NPY1 OE) completely suppressed pid null mutants, demonstrating that NPY1 functions downstream of PID. NPY1 OE triggered phosphorylation of PIN proteins at multiple sites that are mostly different from the previously characterized phosphorylation sites regardless of the presence of PID. Phosphorylation of the newly identified PIN sites in NPY1 OE plants likely leads to the inhibition of PIN functions, as we previously showed that pid is suppressed by decreasing PIN1 gene dosage or decreasing PIN1 activity. Furthermore, we show that the Ser/Thr rich C-terminal motif in NPY1 is phosphorylated and is required for pid suppression by NPY1 OE. Overexpression of NPY1 that lacked the C-terminal motif (NPY1{Delta}C) failed to rescue pid, but overexpression of NPY1{Delta}C was still able to trigger phosphorylation of PIN proteins including PIN2, which is known to cause agravitropic roots when mutated. NPY1{Delta}C overexpression plants displayed a complete loss of root gravitropic response, likely caused by PIN2 phosphorylation. Our results suggest a pathway for auxin mediated-flower initiation, in which PID regulates NPY1 accumulation and/or activity, and subsequently, NPY1 triggers phosphorylation of PIN proteins and inhibition of PIN functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mudgett, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briggs, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.14.664678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An increase of NPY1 expression leads to inhibitory phosphorylation of PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins and suppression of pinoid (pid) null mutants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary cortical and thalamic contributions to cell-type-specific striatal activity dynamics during movement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.664473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coordinated motor behavior emerges from information flow across brain regions. How long-range inputs drive cell-type-specific activity within motor circuits remains unclear. The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) contains direct- and indirect-pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs) with distinct roles in movement control. In mice performing skilled locomotion, we recorded from dMSNs, iMSNs, and their cortical and thalamic inputs identified by monosynaptic rabies tracing. An RNN classifier and clustering analysis revealed functionally heterogeneous subpopulations in each population, with dMSNs preferentially activated at movement onset and offset, and iMSNs during execution. Cortical and thalamic inputs were preferentially activated during onset/offset and execution, respectively, though dMSN- and iMSN-projecting neurons in each region showed similar patterns. Locomotion phase-specific rhythmic activity was found in a subset of thalamic dMSN-projecting neurons and dMSNs. Cortex or thalamus inactivation reduced MSN activity. These findings suggest that corticostriatal and thalamostriatal inputs convey complementary motor signals via shared and cell-type-specific pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gjoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sristi, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dror, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neil, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyo, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenstock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komiyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.664473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary cortical and thalamic contributions to cell-type-specific striatal activity dynamics during movement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.13.664565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Mutation Detection in Duplex Sequencing Data with Sample-Specific Error Profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.13.664565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Duplex sequencing enables highly accurate detection of rare somatic mutations, but existing variant callers often rely on protocol-specific heuristics that limit sensitivity, reproducibility, and cross-study comparability. We present DupCaller, a probabilistic variant caller that builds sample-specific error profiles and applies a strand-aware statistical model for mutation detection. Across 50 synthetic datasets, DupCaller identified 1.25-fold more single-base substitutions (SBSs) and 1.41-fold more indels than a state-of-the-art method, while exhibiting equal or better precision. In three duplex-sequenced cell lines treated with aristolochic acid, it recovered expected mutational signatures while detecting 3.5-fold more SBSs and 2.8-fold more indels. In 93 tissue samples-- including neurons, cord blood, sperm, saliva, and blood--DupCaller showed consistent gains, detecting 1.21- to 2.7-fold more mutations. Sensitivity scaled with sample duplication rate, yielding approximately 1.5-fold more mutations under optimal conditions and over 3-fold more in low-duplication samples where other tools falter. These results establish DupCaller as a robust and scalable solution for somatic mutation profiling in duplex sequencing across diverse biological and technical contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culibrk, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuewe, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Azzam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petljak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.13.664565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Mutation Detection in Duplex Sequencing Data with Sample-Specific Error Profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.660811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.660811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health crisis with detrimental individual and societal effects. The specific genes mediating CUD remain largely unknown.

MethodsWe conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using outbred N/NIH Heterogeneous Stock (HS; n = 836, female = 415, male = 421) rats. We examined multiple CUD-related phenotypes that captured acquisition of self-administration, escalation of intake, and compulsive-like responding.

ResultsConsistent with the existing literature, these traits were phenotypically and genetically correlated and exhibited modest heritability (h2 = 0.07 - 0.16). We identified six genome-wide significant associations. One locus on chromosome 19 was associated with the variable time between cocaine infusions (post infusion interval) and contains several carboxylesterase genes that are orthologous to the human CES1 gene; notably, carboxylesterases metabolize cocaine. Three non-synonymous coding variants in the genes Ces1c and Ces1d were in perfect linkage disequilibrium with this locus, suggesting that one or more of them might be the causal SNP. The other 5 loci also contained promising coding and expression variants, including Trak2, a gene previously associated with CUD in human GWAS and Slc10a7, Plcl1, and Satb2 which have been associated with alcohol and tobacco use disorder.

ConclusionsThis is the largest genetic study of cocaine self-administration ever conducted in any species. Our results replicate previous loci associated with CUD in humans and provide several novel biological insights including the potential of pharmacological strategies targeting carboxylesterases for the treatment of CUD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lara, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanches, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avelar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beldjoud, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomhower, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>China, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conlisk, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fannon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kononoff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosquera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Othman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plasil, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramborger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schweitzer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedighim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seshie, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sichel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneddon, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velarde, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahedi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solberg Woods, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.660811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ras-Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 regulates survival of Group 3 medulloblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, and Group 3 (G3, MYC-driven) MB has the worst prognosis. Despite advances in molecular classification, oncogenic drivers of G3 MB remain poorly defined. To identify such drivers, we profiled transcription factor expression across MB subgroups. Our analysis revealed Ras-responsive element binding protein 1 (RREB1) as one of the most highly expressed transcription factors in G3 MB. RREB1 knockdown impaired cell proliferation in vitro and prolonged survival in orthotopic xenograft models, suggesting it plays a key role in regulating tumor growth. Mechanistically, RREB1 acts by enhancing transcription of TGF-{beta} pathway genes. Upstream, RREB1 expression is controlled by c-MET signaling, and the MET inhibitor SU11274 decreased RREB1 levels and MB cell viability. Local delivery of SU11274 in tumor-bearing mice suppressed RREB1 expression and extended survival. These results establish the c-MET/RREB1 axis as a critical oncogenic regulator and a promising therapeutic target in in high-risk MB.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beigi Masihi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pampou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudenas, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrejon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chau, L. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GC, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skowron, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayrault, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northcott, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.665230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ras-Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 regulates survival of Group 3 medulloblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.664328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
textToKnowledgeGraph: Generation of Molecular Interaction Knowledge Graphs Using Large Language Models for Exploration in Cytoscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.664328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationKnowledge graphs (KGs) are powerful tools for structuring and analyzing biological information due to their ability to represent data and improve queries across heterogeneous datasets. However, constructing KGs from unstructured literature remains challenging due to the cost and expertise required for manual curation. Prior works have explored text-mining techniques to automate this process, but have limitations that impact their ability to capture complex relationships fully. Traditional text-mining methods struggle with understanding context across sentences. Additionally, these methods lack expert-level background knowledge, making it difficult to infer relationships that require awareness of concepts indirectly described in the text. Large

Language Models (LLMs) present an opportunity to overcome these challenges. LLMs are trained on diverse literature, equipping them with contextual knowledge that enables more accurate extraction of information.

ResultsWe present textToKnowledgeGraph, an artificial intelligence tool using LLMs to extract interactions from individual publications directly in Biological Expression Language (BEL). BEL was chosen for its compact and detailed representation of biological relationships, allowing for structured and computationally accessible encoding. This work makes several contributions. 1. Development of the open-source Python textToKnowledgeGraph package (pypi.org/project/texttoknowledgegraph) for BEL extraction from scientific articles, usable from the command line and within other projects, 2. An interactive application within Cytoscape Web to simplify extraction and exploration, 3. A dataset of extractions that have been both computationally and manually reviewed to support future fine-tuning efforts.

Availabilityhttps://github.com/ndexbio/llm-text-to-knowledge-graph
]]></description>
<dc:creator>James, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.664328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[textToKnowledgeGraph: Generation of Molecular Interaction Knowledge Graphs Using Large Language Models for Exploration in Cytoscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activation of IL-17+ ILC subsets in IL-18R-deficient mice during fungal allergen exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.665289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are critical players during type 2 inflammation present in most forms of asthma. ILC2s are tissue-resident cells that produce cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 critical to eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus production, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Though each ILC subset (ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s) is identified by specific transcription factors, cell surface receptors and cytokine profiles, functional plasticity between ILC subtypes occurs in various contexts. IL-18/IL-18R loci SNPs are linked to asthma in multiple genome-wide association studies and IL-18 has been shown to promote plasticity in ILC2s. Despite this, little is known about the in vivo role of IL-18/IL-18R on ILC2 responses in the lung. Within hours after mice were exposed to the fungal allergy Alternaria alternata, airway levels of IL-18 and IL-18 receptor expression increased on ST2+ ILCs. Single-cell RNA sequencing of lung cells from Alternaria-challenged mice showed that Il18 was largely expressed by alveolar macrophages, while IL-18R was highly expressed in IL-13+ILC2s. Utilizing IL-18 receptor knock-out mice (IL- 18R-/-), we observed increases in IL-17A production from both ST2+ and ST2-negative ILCs compared to control mice. We further observed an early increase in dual production of IL-5 and IL-17A in ST2+ ILCs followed by enhanced lung eosinophilia in the absence of IL-18R. Together, our findings suggest that IL-18 signaling prevents IL-17A production from ILC2s and subsequent eosinophilia in vivo. A further understanding of the regulation of ILC plasticity may lead to novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of ILC-driven asthma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strohm, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Civello, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badrani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lacasa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavagnero, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portillo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amadeo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naji, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doherty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.665289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activation of IL-17+ ILC subsets in IL-18R-deficient mice during fungal allergen exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.19.665705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hedgehog and Bmp signaling pathways play opposing roles during establishment of the cardiac inflow tract in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.19.665705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac pacemaking activity is controlled by specialized cardiomyocytes in the cardiac inflow tract (IFT), but the processes that determine IFT dimensions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Hedgehog (Hh) signaling limits the number of IFT cardiomyocytes in the embryonic zebrafish heart. Inhibiting Hh signaling, either genetically or pharmacologically, results in an expanded IFT population. In contrast, reducing Bmp signaling decreases the number of IFT cardiomyocytes, while increasing Bmp signaling leads to an excess of IFT cardiomyocytes. Temporal inhibition of each pathway reveals that Hh and Bmp signaling act before myocardial differentiation to regulate IFT size. Simultaneous reduction of both Hh and Bmp signaling yields a relatively normal number of IFT cardiomyocytes, suggesting that these pathways function antagonistically during IFT development. Additionally, epistasis analysis suggests that Bmp signaling acts upstream of Wnt signaling to promote IFT formation, whereas Hh signaling limits IFT size in a Wnt-independent manner. Our results support a model in which Hh signaling restricts the establishment of the IFT progenitor pool, while Bmp signaling drives IFT progenitor specification prior to Wnt-directed IFT differentiation.

SUMMARY STATEMENTHedgehog signaling acts prior to myocardial differentiation to restrict the number of inflow tract cardiomyocytes, while Bmp signaling acts during a similar timeframe to promote inflow tract cardiomyocyte formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robertson, R.-C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipovsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.19.665705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hedgehog and Bmp signaling pathways play opposing roles during establishment of the cardiac inflow tract in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genome of the early diverged amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, illuminates the evolution of genome architecture and gene repertoires in cephalochordates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cephalochordates (amphioxus or lancelet) are considered as living proxies for ancestral chordates due to their key phylogenetic position and slow evolutionary rate. The genomes of living amphioxus thus can help to reveal the genetic basis shaping the evolutionary transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the genome architecture in amphioxus, here we generate a chromosome-anchored genome assembly for Asymmetron lucaynum, representing the earliest diverging cephalochordate genus. Our results show that Asymmetron has an enlarged genome compared to those of the other four cephalochordate genomes decoded so far (all in the genus Branchiostoma), causing by pervasive expansions of inter-genic transposable elements (TEs). Nevertheless, both macrosynteny and microsynteny remain highly conserved between Asymmetron and Branchiostoma, enabling reconstruction of the ancestral genomic architecture of the Cephalochordate lineage for tracing genome evolutionary process during Deuterostome and Chordate diversification. By coupling developmental transcriptomic analyses, we further show that purifying selection and constraints on co-transcriptional regulation may have contributed to the maintenance of the conserved microsynteny blocks among cephalochordate species. We also examine the evolutionary history of Hox cluster in cephalochordates and vertebrates, and identify species-specific inversions and TE invasions at this important locus in both Asymmetron and Branchiostoma. Finally, we survey key gene families involved in both innate and adaptive immunity (e.g., TLR, NLR, MHC, and RAG) and uncover their plausible ancestry and evolutionary dynamics in chordates. Taken together, our findings illuminate the genome and gene evolution of cephalochordates and provide valuable resources for understanding the early evolution of chordates and the origin of vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genome of the early diverged amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, illuminates the evolution of genome architecture and gene repertoires in cephalochordates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.666068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish larval GPR132b differentially influences wound repair and infection control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.666068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GPR132 (G2A), a lipid- and pH-sensing GPCR, has been implicated in both pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, but its in vivo function in wound repair and infection control remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of GPR132b, a zebrafish homolog of G2A, in regulating innate immune responses. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated gpr132b mutants and found that they exhibit enhanced wound healing following sterile injury but increased susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection, indicating that GPR132b modulates a trade-off between wound repair and antimicrobial defense. The enhanced regrowth phenotype was associated with increased macrophage accumulation at the wound site and reduced basal expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tnf-. Macrophage depletion suppressed the enhanced regrowth phenotype, suggesting a functional role for macrophages in GPR132b-mediated repair. Pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathways mimicked the gpr132b mutant phenotype in wild-type larvae, indicating that GPR132b likely responds to lipid-derived signals. Together, our findings reveal that GPR132b acts as a context-dependent regulator of innate immunity, impairing efficient tissue repair in sterile conditions while supporting pathogen resistance during infection. Our results underscore the importance of GPCR-mediated signaling in orchestrating effective responses to tissue injury and infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mercado Soto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuntebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.666068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish larval GPR132b differentially influences wound repair and infection control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.19.665690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An allosteric network governs Tom70 conformational dynamics to coordinate mitochondrial import 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.19.665690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tom70 mediates mitochondrial protein import by coordinating the transfer of cytosolic preproteins from Hsp70/Hsp90 to the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. In humans, the cytosolic domain of Tom70 (HsTom70c) is entirely -helical and comprises modular TPR motifs divided into an N-terminal chaperone-binding domain (NTD) and a C-terminal preprotein-binding domain (CTD). However, the mechanisms linking these functional regions remain poorly understood. Here, we present the 2.04 [A] crystal structure of unliganded HsTom70c, revealing two distinct conformations - open and closed - within the asymmetric unit. These states are stabilized in part by interdomain crystal contacts and are supported in solution by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Principal component and dynamical network analyses reveal a continuum of motion linking the NTD and CTD via key structural elements, notably residues in helices 7, 8, and 25. Engagement of the CTD by the viral protein Orf9b interrupts this network, stabilizing a partially-closed intermediate conformation and dampening dynamics at distal NTD sites. Collectively, our findings lay the groundwork for understanding Tom70 allostery and provide a framework for dissecting its mechanistic roles in chaperone engagement, mitochondrial import, and viral subversion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bachochin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mcguire, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silletti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komives, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.19.665690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An allosteric network governs Tom70 conformational dynamics to coordinate mitochondrial import]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.22.666139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Looks can be deceiving: discordances in phylogeny and morphology within loricate choanoflagellates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.22.666139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Choanoflagellates are heterotrophic holozoans that are classified into two groups based on their morphology: loricates, which possess a silica-based extracellular structure, and craspedids, which do not. Although the craspedid versus loricate morphological separation is currently supported by their phylogenetic relationship, recent evidence has suggested inconsistencies between morphology and phylogeny within each group. Loricate choanoflagellate taxonomy has historically been based on selected aspects of their lorica morphology, and on their mode of cell division, in which tectiform daughter cells emerge into a lorica synthesized by their mother cell following division, and nudiform daughter cells do not. Here, we characterize two new loricate strains that display unexpected morphological features when compared to their nearest genetic relatives. The strain BEAP0094 very closely matched the 18S ribosomal gene of the tectiform Pseudostephanoeca paucicostata, but its morphology clearly differed, due to the absence of the characteristic anterior ring found in all Stephanoeca species. Instead, its features resembled more closely those of the Acanthocorbis genus, raising the possibility of the existence of either multiple lorica morphologies within the same or very closely related species, or multiple morphological species sharing the same 18S ribosomal gene. The second strain we investigated, BEAP0360, presented a morphological match to Stephanoeca cauliculata, but its 18S ribosomal sequence did not, suggesting that different species could share the same lorica architecture. BEAP0360, here described as Cepoeca plumata (n. gen. n. sp.), possesses a key phylogenetic placement, potentially as the earliest branching member within nudiform loricates, which would be informative for investigating the evolution of the nudiform lifestyle. Our findings are inconsistent with a strict classification based on currently defined aspects of lorica morphology and support the usage of genetic data as primary criterion for genus-level taxonomic assignment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galvez-Morante, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutaganira, F. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palenik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.22.666139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Looks can be deceiving: discordances in phylogeny and morphology within loricate choanoflagellates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.22.666217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals different 1 behaviour2 of tropomyosin isoforms Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 in dendritic spines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.22.666217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actin is the predominant cytoskeletal structure in both the pre- and the post-synaptic compartment of excitatory synapses in the brain, which are formed between the distal part of the axon and the distal site of dendritic spines. Tropomyosin (Tpm) is regarded a master regulator of actin dynamics in mammalian cells. Tpm isoforms, found in neurons are encoded by the Tpm1, Tpm3 and Tpm4 genes, and have a distinct temporal and spatial distribution of expression. Tpm3 and Tpm4 gene products have been found to segregate to the postsynaptic region of central nervous system synapses. Functional differences between Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 in neurons have been reported in previous studies. However, these were lacking a detailed analysis of the molecular mobility and dynamics of these two Tpm isoforms in the dendritic compartment. Here, we investigated the kinetic properties of Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 via a Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) approach and have discovered that Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 have distinct kinetic features in dendritic spines. Moreover, we investigated the dynamics of actin in the presence of either Tpm3.1 or Tpm4.2 isoform overexpression, using F-tractin as a reporter of filamentous actin. We have shown that the kinetics of actin turnover is significantly different in response to Tpm3.1 overexpression when compared the actin turnover in response to Tpm4.2 overexpression. Our study further elucidates the roles of Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 and provides important conclusions for future studies that are focused on discerning the molecular pathways of Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 segregation into different neuronal compartments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tomanic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paric, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fath, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.22.666217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals different 1 behaviour2 of tropomyosin isoforms Tpm3.1 and Tpm4.2 in dendritic spines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic profiling of human sacrococcygeal teratomas reveals heterogeneity in cellular composition and X-chromosome inactivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) are the most common neonatal tumors, yet their cellular origins, clinical stratification, and sex bias-occurring three times more in XX than XY individuals--remain poorly understood. To address these gaps, we examined six postnatal (one male and five female) and two prenatal (both female) SCTs by single nuclei RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics. We identified five broad cellular lineages in SCTs: stroma, epithelia, endothelia, neuroectoderm, and immune. The transcriptomes and lineage compositions showed significant heterogeneity, which offer a framework for future molecular stratification. SCTs are thought to originate from and be propagated by pluripotent cells, notably however, we did not detect these populations. Among female tumors, a subset of cells exhibited biallelic expression of X-linked genes, consistent with X-inactivation failure or reactivation of the once inactivated X-chromosome. These biallelic cells were enriched for developmental and neuronal programs, whereas cells with single-allelic X-chromosome preferentially expressed immune-related genes. Biallelic X-chromosome activation, which can occur only in female cells, may result in transcriptomic features that favor survival of tumor cells, contributing to the sex bias of SCTs. Our findings reveal a link between X-chromosome inactivation and SCT cell identity, suggesting that X-dosage dysregulation may influence SCT heterogeneity and immune landscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rojas, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannikou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagrodia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derderian, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacKenzie, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated single-nuclei and spatial transcriptomic profiling of human sacrococcygeal teratomas reveals heterogeneity in cellular composition and X-chromosome inactivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Precision functional mapping reveals less inter-individual variability in the child vs. adult human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human brain organization shares a common underlying structure, though recent studies have shown that features of this organization also differ significantly across individual adults. Understanding the developmental pathways that lead to individually unique brains is important for advancing models of cognitive development and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we use highly personalized precision neuroimaging methods to map brain networks within 12 individual children, ages 8-12 years. We demonstrate fMRI functional connectivity maps that substantially exceed the reliability of traditional techniques, allowing us to measure individual differences after overcoming biases from measurement noise. Children share core functional network topography, with greatest inter-individual variability in association regions, consistent with adult findings. However, children show less between-subject variability than adults, suggesting increasing individual differentiation in brain networks with development. This pediatric precision neuroimaging dataset is publicly available to support future brain development research and provides a high-fidelity foundation for studying individual variation in atypical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demeter, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feigelis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DAndrea, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baim, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koithan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearns, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zreik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahern, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaggar, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dosenbach, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gratton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greene, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Precision functional mapping reveals less inter-individual variability in the child vs. adult human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.25.666579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth Cost and Transport Efficiency Tradeoffs Define Root System Optimization Across Varying Developmental Stages and Environments in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.25.666579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root system architecture (RSA) is central to plant adaptation and fitness, yet the design principles and regulatory mechanisms connecting RSA to environmental adaptation are not well understood. We developed Ariadne, a semi-automated software for quantifying cost-efficiency tradeoffs of RSA by mapping root networks onto a Pareto-optimality framework, which describes the balance between resource transport efficiency and construction cost. Applying Ariadne to Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that root architectures consistently assume Pareto-optimal forms across developmental stages, genotypes, and environmental conditions. Using the Discovery Engine, an engine that combines machine learning together with interpretability techniques, we found developmental stage, the hy5/chl1-5 genotype, and manganese availability as important determinants of the cost-efficiency tradeoff, with manganese exerting a unique influence not observed for other nutrients. These results reveal that RSA plasticity is genetically constrained to cost-efficiency optimal configurations and that developmental and environmental factors shift RSA on the pareto front, with manganese acting as a strong modulator of the transport efficiency and construction cost balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faizi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maida, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrigan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee-Reid, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCorkell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumbelow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Showalter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brent, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coroenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigaud, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekhar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pradal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platre, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.25.666579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth Cost and Transport Efficiency Tradeoffs Define Root System Optimization Across Varying Developmental Stages and Environments in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic noise reveals the stability of a neuronal network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stability of rhythmic activity in neural networks is an important aspect in the study of central pattern generators (CPGs). Different from other physiological rhythms, the activity of CPGs has not been fully characterized in terms of its stability, especially using quantitative methods. We propose a method that takes advantage of the natural noise present in CPGs to quantify the stability of the rhythmic activity. Furthermore, we used the stationary bootstrap method to define confidence intervals of the results. We applied this method to study the influence of a synaptic modification on the pyloric CPG circuit, using artificial synapses implemented in dynamic clamp software. We show that even after removing one of its strongest synapses, the CPG stability remains unaltered. This analysis suggests that CPGs are designed to be strongly stable regardless of the parameter perturbations they undergo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Reyes, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huerta, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carelli, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabinovich, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selverston, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic noise reveals the stability of a neuronal network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NeoPrecis: Enhancing Immunotherapy Response Prediction through Integration of Qualified Immunogenicity and Clonality-Aware Neoantigen Landscapes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the transformative impact of cancer immunotherapy, the need for improved patient stratification remains critical due to suboptimal response rates. While neoantigens are central to anti-tumor immunity, current metrics like tumor mutation burden are limited by their neglect of immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity. We present NeoPrecis, a computational framework designed to refine neoantigen characterization across MHC-I and MHC-II pathways and integrate tumor clonality to improve immunotherapy response prediction. NeoPrecis features an interpretable T-cell recognition model that reveals the critical influence of MHC molecules on TCR recognition beyond mere antigen presentation. Benefit HLA alleles identified through model-driven contribution analysis exhibit significant predictive power for patient outcomes in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (melanoma: p-value = 0.04; NSCLC: p-value = 0.01). Applying NeoPrecis to immunotherapy-treated tumors, we show the clonality-aware neoantigen landscape improves response prediction in melanoma and heterogeneous NSCLC, achieving 11% and 20% improvement of AUROC compared to TMB respectively. Heterogeneous NSCLCs, more common among never smokers, retain more subclonal neoantigens due to lower immunoediting pressure, where NeoPrecis better captures the varying prevalence of neoantigens. We propose NeoPrecis as a more comprehensive evaluative framework for neoantigen assessment by incorporating both immunogenicity and tumor clonality, offering insights into the link between collective quality of neoantigen landscapes and immunotherapy response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NeoPrecis: Enhancing Immunotherapy Response Prediction through Integration of Qualified Immunogenicity and Clonality-Aware Neoantigen Landscapes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) enhances motor cortex plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural excitability fluctuates with sensory events, creating windows of opportunity to enhance brain stimulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), including intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), is a promising treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders, but does not account for fluctuations in neural excitability, likely contributing to variable outcomes. Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) leverages sensorimotor oscillations to enhance corticospinal responses, but the sustained effects as a repetitive protocol are unknown. We extend seTMS to iTBS, measuring motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as a physiological readout. In a randomized crossover study comparing standard iTBS with sensory entrained iTBS (se-iTBS; n=20), we found that se-iTBS more than doubled the MEP effect (55% vs 26% MEP enhancement) and persisted for at least 30 minutes. Notably, at least 80% of participants showed larger responses with se-iTBS at all time points. se-iTBS may provide a robust and practical framework for optimizing TMS that bridges electrophysiological mechanisms and clinical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ross, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogulski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Truong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cline, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parmigiani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartford, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujioka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makeig, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascual-Leone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory Entrained TMS (seTMS) enhances motor cortex plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666466v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryopreservation of Sea Urchin (Lytechinus pictus) Embryos and Development Through Metamorphosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666466v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSea urchins have contributed to knowledge of fertilization, embryonic development and cell physiology for 150 years. Their evolutionary position, as basal deuterostomes, and their long background in developmental biology, motivate establishing a genetically-enabled sea urchin species. Because of its relatively short generation time of 4-6 months and ease of culture, our lab has focused on the California sea urchin Lytechinus pictus as a multigenerational model, and produced knockout and transgenic lines using this species. To ensure that diverse genetic lines can be preserved, methods must be developed to cryopreserve gametes and embryos. We have previously reported methods for cryopreservation of sperm, but robust methods to preserve embryos remained lacking.

ResultsHere, we describe a relatively simple method to cryopreserve late gastrulae embryos of L. pictus. Importantly we show that, after thawing and culturing, the embryos progress through larval development, undergo metamorphosis and yield juvenile adults, indicating the method is robust.

ConclusionThe cryopreservation of embryos is an important advance that will facilitate the biobanking, sharing and long-term preservation of diverse genetic lines. This method may also eventually prove useful for cryopreservation of embryos of other marine invertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vacquier, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdoun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666466</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryopreservation of Sea Urchin (Lytechinus pictus) Embryos and Development Through Metamorphosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oscillatory signal decoding within the ERK cascade 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) integrates multiple growth factor and hormone stimuli to control essential cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. In electrically excitable cells, the ERK pathway also interfaces with intracellular Ca2+ dynamics to achieve non-canonical, cell-type specific functions, having been implicated in neuronal synaptic plasticity, cardiac hypertrophy, and pancreatic insulin secretion. Yet how the classical Ras/MEK/ERK cascade responds to and decodes dynamic Ca2+ signals at its multiple levels to regulate cellular function is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the dynamics of Ca2+-induced ERK pathway activation in a pancreatic {beta}-cell line using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors. By carefully manipulating Ca2+ input signals and directly monitoring the activity dynamics of individual ERK pathway components, we reveal that {beta}-cell Ca2+ oscillations undergo sequential signal processing along the ERK cascade, mediated by the characteristic response kinetics at each pathway step. We further demonstrate that the ERK cascade and possibly other Ca2+-responsive pathways operate within a hybrid network architecture to achieve both hierarchical and parallel processing of {beta}-cell Ca2+ oscillations, providing important insights into dynamic signal decoding by this crucial signaling network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganesan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.666680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oscillatory signal decoding within the ERK cascade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.666762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Slow wave stimulation using a smartwatch improves sleep quality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.666762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSlow-wave sleep is critical for sleep quality, cognitive function, and mood. Slow-wave entrainment (SWE) via rhythmic sensory stimulation can enhance slow-wave activity. However, existing implementations rely on EEG systems, thereby limiting accessibility and scalability. Consumer smartwatches offer an opportunity to deliver SWE in home settings without EEG hardware.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated whether smartwatch-delivered sensory stimulation applied during smartwatch-estimated deep sleep elicits acute changes in frontal slow-wave EEG activity during home sleep, and whether individual differences in neural responsiveness to stimulation are associated with next-day behavioral and sleep measures.

MethodsIn a randomized crossover design, participants recruited offline from the Boston area slept at home for two nights while wearing a consumer smartwatch for stimulation delivery and a portable EEG headband for neural recording. On a single night, participants received block-wise auditory, vibrotactile, or combined stimulation, guided by an automated on-watch sleep-staging model based on heart rate and motion. On the other night, no stimulation was delivered. Event-related changes in frontal delta (1-4 Hz) power were quantified relative to pre-stimulation baselines. Sleep disruption, subjective sleep quality, mood, and cognitive performance were assessed using questionnaires and a computerized Trail Making Test emailed to participants and completed online.

ResultsInitiation of sensory stimulation was associated with significant increases in frontal delta power relative to pre-stimulation baseline and matched non-stimulation blocks.Stimulation blocks exhibited lower disruption rates than non-stimulation blocks, suggesting improved sleep stability during stimulation periods. No significant group-level differences were observed between stimulation and non-stimulation nights on measures of sleep quality, mood, or cognition. However, across participants, larger stimulation-evoked increases in delta power were associated with more favorable next-day subjective sleep and mood ratings and fewer clicks to complete the Trail Making Test. 68/93 participants were stimulated overnight.

ConclusionsSmartwatch-based slow-wave entrainment delivered during home sleep can elicit reproducible delta EEG responses without sleep disruption. Individual differences in neural responsiveness to stimulation were associated with next-day behavioral measures, suggesting that wearable-based SWE may represent a scalable and accessible approach for improving sleep health.

Trial RegistrationThe experiment was retrospectively registered at ISRCTN (registration number pending)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whitmore, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podrug, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hidalgo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanath, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freedman, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nathan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.666762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Slow wave stimulation using a smartwatch improves sleep quality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Strategy Adaptation in Reinforcement Learning Resembles Policy Gradient Ascent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of intelligence is the ability to adapt behavior to changing environments, which requires adapting ones own learning strategies. This phenomenon is known as learning to learn or meta-learning. Although well established in humans and animals, a computational framework that characterizes how biological agents adapt their learning strategies through experience remains elusive. Here we posit that humans update their learning strategies online through a gradient-based meta-learning process, effectively optimizing how they learn. However, estimating how these strategies evolve over time remains a significant challenge since traditional cognitive models, such as reinforcement learning (RL), typically assume that agents use static strategies. To address this, we introduce DynamicRL, a method that leverages neural networks to estimate the evolution of an individuals RL strategy by tracking cognitive parameters such as learning rates over time. Across four human bandit tasks, DynamicRL consistently outperforms traditional RL models with fixed parameters in fitting behavior, confirming that humans adapt their RL strategies over time. RL parameters estimated by DynamicRL reveal trajectories that systematically increase the expected reward of the RL strategy. The parameter updates at each step resemble policy gradient ascent, and their optimality correlates with the strength of the gradient signal. Moreover, these RL parameters evolve more slowly than decision variables, supporting the hierarchical relationship between strategy learning and value learning. Our work provides a computational framework that expands the hypothesis space from understanding strategies to understanding strategy adaptation, bridging adaptive behavior in biological and artificial intelligence through meta-learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji-An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Strategy Adaptation in Reinforcement Learning Resembles Policy Gradient Ascent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial specificity of the functional gradient echo and spin echo BOLD signal across cortical depth at 7 T 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.28.667324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at high magnetic field strengths ([&ge;] 7 T) is a promising technique to study the functioning of the human brain at the spatial scale of cortical columns and layers. However, measurements most often rely on the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response sampled with a gradient echo (GE) sequence, which is known to be most sensitive to macrovascular contributions that limit their effective spatial resolution. Alternatively, a spin echo (SE) sequence can be used to increase the weighting toward the microvasculature and, therefore, the location of neural activation. In addition, due to the heterogeneous structure of the cortical cerebrovascular system, the effective spatial resolution can change across cortical depth. For high-resolution fMRI applications, it is hence important to know how much the effective spatial resolution varies across cortical depth. In this study, we used flickering rotating wedge stimuli to induce traveling waves with varying spatial frequencies in the retinotopically organized primary visual cortex (V1), which allowed us to infer the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the BOLD response that characterizes the spatial specificity of the measured signal. We acquired GE- and SE-BOLD data at 7 T and compared the MTF between acquisition techniques at different cortical depths. Our results show a small but consistent increase in spatial specificity when using SE-BOLD. But across cortical depth, both acquisition techniques generally show a similar decrease of specificity toward the pial surface demonstrating the dependence on macrovascular contributions, which needs to be carefully considered when interpreting the results of high-resolution fMRI studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Haenelt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trampel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaimow, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shmuel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereno, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiskopf, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.28.667324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial specificity of the functional gradient echo and spin echo BOLD signal across cortical depth at 7 T]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phasor diagrams clock oscillatory hemodynamic switching between overt speech production and micro resting states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.29.667380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the intricate interplay between the task-positive network and the default mode network (DMN) during transitions between overt language tasks and brief resting periods. While previous research suggests that these networks are not invariably anticorrelated, the precise timing of transitions has remained elusive. We employed rapid phase-encoded fMRI to decode brain dynamics with ultimate precision, capturing these transitions in real time. By utilizing phasor diagrams to represent the oscillatory activities, we examined the amplitudes and phases of hemodynamic fluctuations within the language network and DMN. Our findings align with existing empirical and theoretical perspectives on DMN functions and cognitive task performance, affirming the validity of our approach. We identified heterogeneous micro resting states interwoven with periods of overt speech production. Notably, various core regions of the DMN exhibited task-dependent amplitude and phase modulations, with activation strength and delay rising in line with increasing task complexity, ranging from comprehension to immediate and delayed speech production. This study sheds light on the dynamic engagement of the DMN during overt speech production, providing precise timing data of transitions between the DMN and language network. It demonstrates that rapid phase-encoded fMRI and phasor diagrams are powerful tools for measuring the switching between active tasks and micro resting states with subsecond accuracy, while also elucidating task load-dependent changes in the DMN. By accurately measuring the timing of these transitions, we gain insights into cognitive flexibility, attention, and the efficiency of information processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereno, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, V. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.29.667380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phasor diagrams clock oscillatory hemodynamic switching between overt speech production and micro resting states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of wasting disease on sea star populations in southern California: Variations over a 40-year period 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sea star wasting disease has been described for asteroid populations from many parts of the world and for numerous species. The causative agents are generally unknown. However, within the Southern California Bight, a Vibrio bacterium appears to have been the cause of wasting disease in the 1980s, and probably the 1990s, during warm water episodes associated with El Ninos. Although a densovirus was implicated in the mass mortality of one species of subtidal sea star during the geographically widespread epizootics that began in 2013, the etiology appears to vary among species, locations, and time periods, and in some cases may not even be associated with a pathogen.

We have been studying subtidal benthic communities in southern California since the 1970s and have documented the population effects of wasting disease epizootics associated with warm water El Nino events from 1980 through 2020. Until 2015, population declines coincident with wasting disease were followed by various degrees of recovery, whereas after 2015 there has been little or no recovery at our study sites. Prior to 2013, wasting disease in the northeast Pacific was only reported from locations in the Gulf of California, the southern California bight, and the coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Since 2013, epizootics of wasting disease among sea stars have been observed along the entire west coast of North America. We speculate that the lack of recovery after 2015 may be due to a reduction in larval supply caused by the greater geographical extent of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schroeter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.30.667779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of wasting disease on sea star populations in southern California: Variations over a 40-year period]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD133+ Vesicles Mediate Resistance to RAS-ERK Inhibition Regulated by YAP Activation in Liver Cancer Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD133, a pentaspan plasma membrane protein, has been viewed as a biomarker of stem cells in normal and cancer tissues, although its function and mechanism are unclear. In previous studies, we identified a new type of CD133+ intracellular vesicles, named intercellsome, which is implicated in direct cell-cell communication under stress conditions. However, the regulatory mechanism and biological significance of these CD133+ vesicles are largely unknown, highlighting a gap in understanding of this cellular communication mechanism. We show here that CD133 acts as a stress response marker in cancer cells, with its expression and vesicle formation significantly induced under MEK inhibitor-mediated proliferative stress. The CD133+ vesicles are essential for maintaining cell proliferation under stress conditions in vitro. Mechanistically, the MEKi activates the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, which promotes CD133 transcription, establishing a novel connection between YAP signaling and CD133+ vesicle biogenesis. Further, CD133 plays a critical role in YAP-driven liver cancer progression in mice. This study defines a critical role of CD133+ vesicles in stress response regulated by YAP, which advances the understanding of CD133 functions beyond its stem cell-associated roles and suggests new avenues for therapeutic intervention of liver cancer relapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaneko, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, G.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD133+ Vesicles Mediate Resistance to RAS-ERK Inhibition Regulated by YAP Activation in Liver Cancer Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA triggers chronic stress during neuronal aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.04.668575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked with dysregulation of the integrated stress response (ISR), which coordinates cellular homeostasis during and after stress events. Cellular stress can arise from several sources, but there is significant disagreement about which stress might contribute to aging and neurodegeneration. Here, we leverage directed transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts into aged neurons to determine the source of ISR activation. We demonstrate that increased accumulation of cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) activates the eIF2 kinase PKR, which in turn triggers the ISR in aged neurons and leads to sequestration of dsRNA in stress granules. Aged neurons accumulate endogenous mitochondria-derived dsRNA that directly binds to PKR. This mitochondrial dsRNA leaks through damaged mitochondrial membranes and forms cytoplasmic foci in aged neurons. Finally, we demonstrate that PKR inhibition leads to the cessation of stress, resumption of cellular translation, and restoration of RNA-binding protein expression. Together, our results identify a source of RNA stress that destabilizes aged neurons and may contribute to neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Epstein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brothers, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkurnaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.04.668575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA triggers chronic stress during neuronal aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural mechanisms for the recruitment of factor H by Streptococcus pyogenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The major bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, or Strep A) recruits the negative regulator of the alternative complement pathway factor H (FH) to its surface. Antigenically sequence variable regions of several Strep A M proteins, including M5 and M6, bind FH but have no obvious sequence homology. A second Strep A surface-localized protein, FbaA, binds FH through a purported coiled-coil region, suggesting mimicry of the well-known coiled coil of M proteins. We determined the structures of fragments of M5 protein, M6 protein, and FbaA complexed with FH domains 6 and 7 (FH(6-7)). M5 and M6 proteins formed dimeric -helical coiled coils, as expected, while FbaA instead consisted of a monomeric three-helix bundle preceded by a loop. FH(6-7) accommodated different binding modes in these three proteins, with very few common interacting amino acids. Based on contributions to binding, distinct FH-binding sequence patterns were constructed for M5 and M6 proteins, enabling identification of FH-binding sequences in M or M-like Enn proteins in 32 strains of differing M types. While FbaA was allelically sequence variable, its critical FH-binding amino acids were absolutely conserved in 95 strains of differing M types. Together, FH-binding sequences were identified in about half of the known 250 Strep A strains, with the majority due to FbaA. Our structural and functional elucidation of the mechanism of FH recruitment is applicable to precise investigation of its role in Strep A virulence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural mechanisms for the recruitment of factor H by Streptococcus pyogenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of plasma and bone marrow nutrient levels in pediatric B-ALL patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment is a key determinant of cancer progression and therapeutic response, yet the physiological nutrient environment for most cancers is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated nutrient levels in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients across different subtypes undergoing chemotherapy, focusing on both bone marrow and circulation. Our analysis revealed distinct differences in nutrient profiles between leukemic and healthy plasma and among B-ALL subtypes, with hyperdiploid B-ALL exhibiting pronounced alterations in arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine metabolism. Bone marrow and blood plasma exhibited largely similar metabolite profiles, even after chemotherapy, indicating these environments are metabolically comparable. Comparisons with renal cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer highlighted a unique enrichment of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in the circulation of B-ALL patients. These findings provide a comprehensive view of nutrient dynamics in pediatric B-ALL and identify metabolic alterations that could guide biomarker discovery and new therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbott, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munim, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagchi, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunchok, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waite, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggers, C. R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitrov, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoechel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Heiden, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pikman, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of plasma and bone marrow nutrient levels in pediatric B-ALL patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.667992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell multiomic human brain atlas reveals regulatory drivers of cortical regionality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.667992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinct regional functionality of the human cortex is orchestrated by diverse cellular and molecular processes, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. We performed multiomic single-cell and spatial characterization of nine regions of the human cortex to define the gene regulatory networks and transcription factors that govern cell-type and region specificity. With the combined data of over three million cells, two striking patterns of cortical neuron specialization were uncovered: a rostral-caudal gradient of calcium regulatory machinery, and subunit switching of multiple signaling receptor families across the transmodal-sensory axis. Gene regulatory network analysis revealed putative transcriptional regulators of cortical neuron specialization with cell-type- and region-specific gene regulation patterns. While regionalization was observed in gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and spatial distributions, these modalities exhibited distinct cortical patterns. Our findings illuminate critical neuronal pathways that vary throughout the cortex and the gene regulatory networks that establish cortical regionalization in the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conklin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plongthongkum, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurtz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ransom, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahnaee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiniker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharchenko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.667992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell multiomic human brain atlas reveals regulatory drivers of cortical regionality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Scalable Toolkit for Modeling 3D Surface-based Brain Geometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3D surface-based computational mapping is more sensitive to localized brain alterations in neurological, developmental and psychiatric conditions than traditional gross volumetric analysis, providing fine-scale 3D maps of a wide range of surface-based features. Here we introduce a scalable toolkit for large-scale computational surface analysis, with efficient algorithms for multisite data integration, statistical harmonization, accelerated multivariate statistics, and visualization. We showcase the utility of the toolkit by mapping subcortical shape variations and factors that affect them across 21 international samples from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group (N=3,373).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Im, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nabulsi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, M. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomopoulos, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuluaga, A. M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giorgio, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mwangi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overs, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaramillo, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hidalgo-Mazzei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotegerd, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomarol-Clotet, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherto, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sambataro, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howells, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busatto, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anmella, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zunta-Soares, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temmingh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotlib, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agartz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karantonis, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prisciandaro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullerton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radua, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houenou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Scalable Toolkit for Modeling 3D Surface-based Brain Geometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.668766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting FSP1 triggers ferroptosis in lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.668766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated how dietary antioxidants or mutations activating antioxidant metabolism promote cancer, highlighting a central role oxidative stress in tumorigenesis. However, it is unclear if oxidative stress ultimately increases to a point of cell death. Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells are susceptible to ferroptosis, a form of cell death triggered by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation1-3. Despite broad enthusiasm about harnessing ferroptosis as a novel anti-cancer strategy, whether ferroptosis is a barrier to tumorigenesis and if it can be leveraged therapeutically remains unknown4,5. Using genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), we performed tumor specific loss-of-function studies of the two key ferroptosis suppressors, glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4)6,7 and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (Fsp1)8,9, and observed increased lipid peroxidation and robust suppression of tumorigenesis, suggesting that lung tumors are highly sensitive to ferroptosis. Furthermore, across multiple pre-clinical models, we found that FSP1 was required for ferroptosis protection in vivo, but not in vitro, underscoring a heightened need to buffer lipid peroxidation under physiological conditions. Lipidomic analyses revealed that Fsp1-knockout (Fsp1KO) tumors had an accumulation of lipid peroxides, and inhibition of ferroptosis with genetic, dietary, or pharmacological approaches effectively restored the growth of Fsp1KO tumors in vivo. Unlike GPX4, FSP1 expression was prognostic for disease progression and poorer survival in LUAD patients, highlighting its potential as a viable therapeutic target. To this end, we demonstrated that pharmacologic inhibition of FSP1 had significant therapeutic benefit in pre-clinical lung cancer models. Our studies highlight the importance of ferroptosis suppression in vivo and pave the way for FSP1 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in lung cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaughan, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossowski, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziogou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajalingam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simeone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shackelford, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conrad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papagiannakopoulos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.668766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting FSP1 triggers ferroptosis in lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultrafast and Ultralarge Distance-Based Phylogenetics Using DIPPER 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationDistance-based methods are commonly used to reconstruct phylogenies for a variety of applications, owing to their excellent speed, scalability, and theoretical guarantees. However, classical de novo algorithms are hindered by cubic time and quadratic memory complexity, which makes them impractical for emerging datasets containing millions of sequences. Recent placement-based alternatives provide better algorithmic scalability, but they also face practical scaling challenges due to their high cost to compute evolutionary distances and significant memory usage. Current tools also do not fully utilize the parallel processing capabilities of modern CPU and GPU architectures.

ResultsWe present DIPPER, a novel distance-based phylogenetic tool for ultrafast and ultralarge phylogenetic reconstruction on GPUs, designed to maintain high accuracy and a small memory footprint. DIPPER introduces several novel innovations, including a divide-and-conquer strategy, a placement strategy, and an on-the-fly distance calculator that greatly improve the runtime and memory complexity. These allow DIPPER to achieve runtime and space complexity of O(N.log(N)) and O(N), respectively, with N taxa. With divide-and-conquer, DIPPER is also able to maintain a low memory footprint on the GPU, independent of the number of taxa. DIPPER consistently outperforms existing methods in speed, accuracy, and memory efficiency, and scales to tree sizes 1-2 orders of magnitude beyond the limits of existing tools. With the help of a single NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU, DIPPER is able to reconstruct a phylogeny from 10 million unaligned sequences in under 7 hours, making it the only distance-based method to operate at this scale and efficiency.

AvailabilityDIPPERs code is freely available under the MIT license at https://github.com/TurakhiaLab/DIPPER, and the documentation for DIPPER is available at https://turakhia.ucsd.edu/DIPPER. The test datasets and experimental results are available at https://zenodo.org/records/16803048.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.669583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultrafast and Ultralarge Distance-Based Phylogenetics Using DIPPER]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycopolymers stabilize protein folding and protein-protein interactions via enthalpic interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macromolecular crowding is ubiquitous to physiological environments, perturbing the thermodynamics and kinetics of proteins via excluded volume and nonspecific chemical interactions. While crowding has been well-studied in vitro and in cells, the inert sugar polymers used to simulate crowding lack the chemical characteristics of biomolecules. Emerging studies guide the development of more relevant models of crowding in the cell, but little work has been done to discern crowding effects on proteins at the cell surface. Using 19F NMR, we measure how protein stability, folding, and intermolecular interactions are modulated by three glycopolymers abundant at the cellular exterior. Biologically relevant glycopolymers including heparin, hyaluronic acid, and mucin significantly stabilize folding of the N-terminal domain of the Drk-SH3 protein. These interactions are enthalpically stabilizing, emphasizing the importance of chemical interactions for biologically relevant crowders. We further show that these glycopolymers stabilize a homodimer formed by the A34F variant of GB1, demonstrating that biological crowders not only affect isolated proteins, but also influence how proteins interact with one another.

Crowding is more complex than simple ideas of volume exclusion suggest, and our work guides a more comprehensive understanding of protein crowding in the context of the glycocalyx, the last frontier of the cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Richter, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brook, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guseman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.669795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycopolymers stabilize protein folding and protein-protein interactions via enthalpic interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CT-induced disease generates epithelial cell-derived L-lactate that promotes Vibrio cholerae growth in the small intestine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholera toxin (CT) promotes Vibrio cholerae colonization by altering gut metabolism to favor pathogen growth. We have previously found that CT-induced disease leads to increased concentrations of L-lactate in the lumen of the small intestine during experimental cholera. Here, we show that CT-induced disease leads to the upregulation of mammalian lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to L-lactate, in small intestinal epithelial cells. In a suckling mouse model, the bacterial L-lactate dehydrogenase (LldD) conferred a fitness advantage to V. cholerae but not to the {Delta}ctxAB mutant incapable of producing CT. Finally, the fitness advantage conferred by LldD was significantly reduced in mice lacking epithelial-cell specific LDHA, demonstrating that epithelial-derived L-lactate is a major contributor to CT-dependent pathogen expansion. These findings identify L-lactate as a host-derived metabolite generated by intestinal epithelial cells produced during cholera disease that directly fuels V. cholerae growth during infection, uncovering a mechanism by which CT confers a fitness advantage to the pathogen during disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, M. d. l. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Chavez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.669941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CT-induced disease generates epithelial cell-derived L-lactate that promotes Vibrio cholerae growth in the small intestine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Establishment of Cell-Type Specific Gene Regulation in the Sea Urchin Embryo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-fate commitment in metazoan development relies on precise gene regulatory programs. This study presents a comprehensive single-cell atlas of gene expression (scRNA-seq), nascent transcription (scSLAM-seq), and chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, from early cleavage to pluteus larva stages. Our findings reveal a dynamic regulatory landscape with extensive usage of distal and intronic regulatory elements, which often exhibit cell-type-specific motifs and accessibility profiles that closely track gene expression. We identify a major wave of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) at the 128-cell stage, coinciding with the loss of developmental plasticity, alongside evidence of restricted, lineage-specific gene activation preceding widespread ZGA. Motif analysis highlights distinct regulatory grammars for these early accessible regions. Regulatory element usage largely clusters by germ layer, indicating shared accessibility among related cell types. We delve into the regulatory intricacies of neurons and skeletogenic cells. Sea urchin neurodevelopment proceeds through three distinct lineages, utilizing transcription factors with conserved roles in mammalian neurogenesis. Surprisingly, skeletogenic cells show significant transcriptional and regulatory diversity across their subpopulations, and we identify novel genes associated with calcification. This research offers unprecedented insights into the dynamic regulatory genome of a non-chordate deuterostome, highlighting both conserved principles of gene regulation and unique features that underscore the sea urchins importance as a model for understanding developmental and evolutionary genomics in ecologically critical marine species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brandenburg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinks, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vojtasova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monaco, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arsie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdoun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenniches, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landthaler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bluthgen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garfield, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.669999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Establishment of Cell-Type Specific Gene Regulation in the Sea Urchin Embryo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Commensal taxa in gut microbiota limit antibiotic resistance during extended oral antibiotic use 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Certain bacterial infections, such as those involving prosthetics, can require antimicrobial therapy over months to years, potentially increasing the burden of antimicrobial resistance. Here we longitudinally track the antimicrobial resistome in mice during continuous antibiotic dosing over 21 months. The burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) initially increases, but, surprisingly, declines in later months, approaching levels observed in untreated animals. ARG burden is regulated by taxonomy and declines as ARG-harboring taxa that initially bloom are replaced by commensals. Furthermore, we find that the dynamics of antibiotic-induced ARG burden are influenced by age-related differences in microbial taxonomy and can be removed by fecal microbiota transplantation. We show that commensals may regulate the resistome by limiting the growth of ARG-harboring taxa, thereby providing antimicrobial expansion resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cyphert, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cockey, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, E. C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohatgi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arjyal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekonen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Booth, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leifer, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langelier, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.670183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Commensal taxa in gut microbiota limit antibiotic resistance during extended oral antibiotic use]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A population-scale atlas of blood and tissue in lupus nephritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One Sentence SummaryA single-cell atlas of paired blood and tissue samples from Lupus Nephritis patients and healthy controls identified stromal and immune populations within renal tissue, including the scar-associated macrophage populations, which correlate with and may drive renal disease activity.

Lupus nephritis (LN), a severe manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), is a heterogeneous disease driven by diverse immune and tissue cell types. We obtained 538K single-cell and 140K single-nuclear profiles from kidney biopsies of 155 LN patients and 30 pre-implantation transplant biopsy controls, along with 325K single-cell blood profiles overlapping many of these patients. We identified key tissue cell types and cell states, and immune cell states; we were able to determine cell states that were tissue specific, and those that were present in the blood. We observed that LN pathological features are significantly associated with cell states using differential gene expression and Covarying Neighborhood Analysis (CNA). These analyses revealed broad changes in cell states associated with irreversible chronic tissue damage. After controlling for the effects of ongoing tissue damage, we observed that expansion of key glomerular and Scar Associated Macrophages (SAMs) populations tracked with increasing inflammatory disease activity. SAMs appear to drive LN fibrosis and, in active disease, infiltrate the glomeruli more than other myeloid cells. These observations strongly support that therapeutic targeting of myeloid populations may offer an as-of-yet unproven strategy to prevent renal inflammation and ongoing kidney damage in LN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gurajala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugiarto, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenhaure, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arazi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mears, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rovin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthier, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izmirly, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnas, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raychowdhury, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horisberger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakaue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furie, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belmont, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hildeman, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodle, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dall'Era, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putterman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamen, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalunian, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payan-Schober, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apruzzese, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuda, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wofsy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guthridge, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anolik, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Accelerating Medicines Partnerships Rheumatoid Arthritis/Systemic Lu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.669754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A population-scale atlas of blood and tissue in lupus nephritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recombinant proteasome provides new avenues for anti-malarial drug development. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Plasmodium falciparum 20S proteasome (Pf20S) has emerged as a promising antimalarial target. Development of therapeutics to this target has previously relied on native purifications of Pf20S, which is challenging and has limited the scope of previous efforts. Here, we report an effective recombinant Pf20S platform to facilitate drug discovery. Proteasome assembly was carried out in insect cells by co-expressing all fourteen subunits along with the essential chaperone homolog, Ump1. Unexpectedly, the isolated proteins consisted of both a mature and an immature complex. Cryo-EM analysis of the immature complexes revealed structural insights detailing how Ump1 and the propeptides of the {beta}2 and {beta}5 subunits coordinate {beta}-ring assembly, which differ from human and yeast homologs. Biochemical validation confirmed that {beta}1, {beta}2, and {beta}5 subunits of the mature proteasome were catalytically active. Clinical proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib, carfilzomib and marizomib were potent but lacked Pf20S selectivity. However, the tripeptide-epoxyketone J-80 inhibited Pf20S {beta}5 with an IC50 of 22.4 nM and 90-fold selectivity over human {beta}5. Structural studies using cryo-EM elucidated the basis for the selective binding of J-80. Further evaluation of novel Pf20S-selective inhibitors such as the reversible TDI-8304 and irreversible analogs, 8304-vinyl sulfone and 8304-epoxyketone, confirmed their potency and selectivity over the human constitutive proteasome. This recombinant Pf20S platform facilitates detailed biochemical and structural studies, accelerating the development of selective antimalarial therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fajtova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almaliti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hindy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boura, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogyo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerwick, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donoghue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.670186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recombinant proteasome provides new avenues for anti-malarial drug development.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced efficacy of an anti-toxin vaccine from senescence-driven attenuation of toxin virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It remains unclear why vaccines targeting prominent microbial virulence factors often fail in clinical trials. Because microbial virulence depends on interaction with the host immune system, we investigated how changes in host immune function alter vaccine efficacy. Using a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin (Hla), which targets host metalloprotease ADAM10 on myeloid cells, we show that Hla virulence is reduced in aged mice due to diminished ADAM10 activity and impaired myeloid cell function. Depletion of myeloid cells with cyclophosphamide in young mice similarly reduced toxin virulence. Immunization against Hla conferred strong protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection in young but not aged mice. These findings indicate that pathogenic functions of microbial factors characterized in immunocompetent young animals may not predict virulence or vaccine efficacy in immunocompromised hosts. These findings underscore the need to account for host immune status in the development and evaluation of vaccines targeting microbial virulence factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjanes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajam, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced efficacy of an anti-toxin vaccine from senescence-driven attenuation of toxin virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.666099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Data Distillery: A Graph Framework for Semantic Integration and Querying of Biomedical Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.666099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Data Distillery Knowledge Graph (DDKG) is a framework for semantic integration and querying of biomedical data across domains. Built for the NIH Common Fund Data Ecosystem, it supports translational research by linking clinical and experimental datasets in a unified graph model. Clinical standards such as ICD-10, SNOMED, and DrugBank are integrated through UMLS, while genomics and basic science data are structured using ontologies and standards such as HPO, GENCODE, Ensembl, STRING, and ClinVar. The DDKG uses a property graph architecture based on the UBKG infrastructure and supports ontology-based ingestion, identifier normalization, and graph-native querying. The system is modular and can be extended with new datasets or schema modules. We demonstrate its utility for informatics queries across eight use cases, including regulatory variant analysis, tissue-specific expression, biomarker discovery, and cross-species variant prioritization. The DDKG is accessible via a public interface, a programmatic API, and downloadable builds for local use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohseni Ahooyi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stear, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evangelista, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, D. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imam, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokash, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jevtic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihajlovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedzel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemarich, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardlie, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumder, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranzinger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Bono, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resnick, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milosavljevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma'ayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverstein, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tay</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.666099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Data Distillery: A Graph Framework for Semantic Integration and Querying of Biomedical Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased atherosclerosis and expression of inflammarafts in macrophage foam cells in AIBP-deficient mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.12.669996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atherosclerotic lesions comprise different populations of macrophages, including lipid-laden macrophage foam cells and non-foamy, inflammatory macrophages, which play distinct roles in disease progression. Non-foamy macrophages express higher levels of inflammarafts - enlarged, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts hosting assemblies of inflammatory receptors - compared to foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions of Ldlr-/-mice. Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) has been shown to control lipid raft dynamics. This study investigated the effect of systemic AIBP deficiency on inflammaraft expression in foam cells and non-foamy macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of hypercholesterolemic mice. A larger number of foam cells, with increased neutral lipid accumulation, populated atherosclerotic lesions in Apoa1bp-/-Ldlr-/-mice compared to Ldlr-/- mice. Importantly, AIBP-deficient foam cells expressed higher levels of TLR4 dimers and lipid rafts (markers of inflammarafts) than control mice, accompanied by larger atherosclerotic lesions and larger necrotic cores compared to Ldlr-/-mice. In a model of foam cells, Apoa1bp-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages incubated with oxidized LDL had increased expression of inflammation- and atherosclerosis-related genes. These results indicate that AIBP deficiency is associated with a proinflammatory transition of foam cells in which increased lipid accumulation is paradoxically associated with an increased expression of inflammarafts and correlates with the development of advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazarenkov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navia-Pelaez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secrest, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordts, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.12.669996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased atherosclerosis and expression of inflammarafts in macrophage foam cells in AIBP-deficient mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.666599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant recursive splicing in a human disease locus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.666599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recursive splice sites are rare motifs postulated to facilitate splicing across massive introns and shape isoform diversity, especially for long, brain-expressed genes. The necessity of this unique mechanism remains unsubstantiated, as does the role of recursive splicing (RS) in human disease. From analyses of rare copy number variants (CNVs) from almost one million individuals, we previously identified large, heterozygous deletions eliminating an RS site (RS1) in the first intron of CADM2 that conferred substantial risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other neurobehavioral traits. CADM2 encodes a neuronally expressed cell adhesion molecule that has repeatedly been associated with ADHD and numerous similar traits. To explore the molecular impact of RS ablation in CADM2, we used CRISPR to model patient deletions and to target a smaller region ([~]500 base pairs) containing RS1 in both human induced neurons (iNs) and rats. Transcriptome analyses in unedited iNs provided a catalog of CADM2 transcripts, including novel transcripts that retained RS exons. Intriguingly, ablating RS1 altered the gradient of RNA abundance across the first intron of CADM2, decreased the level of CADM2 expression, and impacted transcript usage. Decreased CADM2 expression was reflected in reduced exon usage downstream of the RS1 site and global alteration to genes involved in neuronal processes including synapse and axon development. Given the scale of our analyses and the widespread association of CADM2 with neurobehavioral traits, we sought to validate these findings using in vivo models and found that rodent models harboring Cadm2 RS1 deletions exhibited significant changes in relevant behaviors and functional brain connectivity. In summary, our analyses demonstrate a functional role for RS as a noncoding regulatory mechanism in a gene associated with a spectrum of neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boone, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harripaul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadav, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grzybowski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanafy, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhortova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frie, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albeely, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venmuri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayoub, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemanski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Isvy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchis-Juan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handley, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Esch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohajeri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tovar, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, D. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currall, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGraw, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaughenhaupt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gusella, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Roige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khokar, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geurts, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talkowski, M</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.666599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant recursive splicing in a human disease locus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distributed theta networks support the control of working memory: Evidence from scalp and intracranial EEG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We combined scalp EEG and intracranial EEG (iEEG) to identify spectral and network-level signatures of executive control during a delayed match-to-sample task working memory task. To isolate executive processes, we contrasted test and sample phases, matched in perceptual input but differing in cognitive demand. Scalp EEG revealed increased frontal midline theta event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), dynamic increases and decreases in posterior theta-alpha ERSPs, and decreased central alpha-beta ERSPs during the test phase. These local spectral changes were accompanied by enhanced frontoposterior theta phase synchrony and network hub strength, predicting higher behavioral accuracy. Using a novel cross-modal scalp EEG-iEEG ERSP similarity approach, we localized the sources of scalp-derived frontal midline, posterior, and central control effects to medial frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions. Our results integrate power and connectivity measures across scalp and iEEG, linking local spectral fluctuations to broader network organization. Together, they support a model in which executive control emerges from flexible, temporally precise coordination between medial frontal control hubs and posterior representational systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yarbrough, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King-Stephens, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girgis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikhouni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuele, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenow, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim-McManus, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distributed theta networks support the control of working memory: Evidence from scalp and intracranial EEG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acidic vacuole-containing organisms are a majority of the eukaryotic microbial community in oligotrophic Argo Basin waters (eastern Indian Ocean) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Argo Basin of the eastern Indian Ocean in austral summer (February 2022) was characterized by warm (28.5-30.6{degrees}C), oligotrophic surface waters (nitrate and phosphate [&le;]0.1 {micro}M), with relatively shallow mixed layers and deep chlorophyll biomass maxima. From euphotic zone depth-resolved samples analyzed by for DNA and acid vacuole staining (Hoechst and LysoTracker Green) by ship-board flow cytometry, we found that autotrophic populations were dominated by Prochlorococcus, followed by mixotrophs (58 and 28% of autotrophic community biomass, respectively), with only 14% obligate phototrophic phytoplankton (i.e., plastidic cells without acid vacuole fluorescence). Acid vacuole-containing microbes (mixotrophs and heterotrophs) were 34% of the microbial community, and 80% of the eukaryotic biomass. In shallow waters, the eukaryotic chlorophyll-containing community was comprised of pico-sized obligate phototrophs and mixotrophs (233-325 cells mL-1), nano-sized obligate phototrophs and mixotrophs (72 and 374 cells mL-1, respectively), with all groups increasing several-fold in the deep chlorophyll maxima. Mixotrophs were a higher proportion of the chlorophyll-containing community in the shallow nutrient-poor mixed layer, consistent with a nutrient-acquisition argument for their prevalence. Heterotrophic eukaryotes averaged 524 {+/-} 36 cells mL-1 in the euphotic zone, changing little with depth and showing a significant positive relationship with Prochlorococcus, but not any other group. In contrast, mixotrophs were positively correlated with heterotrophic bacteria, but not with Prochlorococcus. Overall, the high proportion of mixotrophs in the microbial community may channel more productivity to higher trophic levels than expected given the regions nutrient-poor status.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yingling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traboni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acidic vacuole-containing organisms are a majority of the eukaryotic microbial community in oligotrophic Argo Basin waters (eastern Indian Ocean)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.669963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring Joint Pain Through Tibio-Femoral Flexion: technique validation and assessment of behavior in response to different analgesics in rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.669963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAssessing knee joint pain in experimental OA (EOA) models remains a significant challenge. Our study demonstrates that the use of an adapted electronic von Frey (aVF) device, featuring a modified tip, surpasses the standard von Frey (sVF) in detecting knee joint pain behavior and evaluating the efficacy of analgesic treatments in OA model induced by monoiodine acetate (MIA).

ResultsThe sVF was able to induce a behavior profile in naive animals characterized by a hind paw flinching and withdrawal reflex. This behavioral response was affected by intraplantar lidocaine, which prone to the increase in mechanical thresholds related to sVF and validate it as pain related behavior. On the aVF method, the animals displayed no alterations at their mechanical thresholds in presence or absence of lidocaine, suggesting minimal stimulation of hind paw by the modified methodology. In animals where an osteoarthritic phenotype was induced by MIA, the aVF was able to detect a significant reduction on joint mechanical thresholds. The behavior linked to aVF was significantly affected by systemic delivery of morphine, confirming a nociceptive-like phenotype and suggesting a pain behavior predominantly triggered by joint flexion. The aVF was also able to detect an analgesic profile in MIA-OA rats treated with dexamethasone, LPS-RS, fucoidan, and morphine, indicating effectiveness in measure different the response profile triggered by analgesic drugs that affect joint pain perception.

ConclusionsOur results suggest aVF as a more appropriate method to evaluate joint pain in rats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malange, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menezes de Souza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemes, J. B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portugal, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parada, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.669963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring Joint Pain Through Tibio-Femoral Flexion: technique validation and assessment of behavior in response to different analgesics in rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sinking particle export within and beneath the euphotic zone in the eastern Indian Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eastern Indian Ocean is substantially under sampled with respect to the biological carbon pump - the suite of processes that transport the carbon fixed by phytoplankton into the deeper ocean. Using sediment traps and other ecosystem measurements, we quantified sinking organic matter flux and investigated the characteristics of sinking particles in waters overlying the Argo Abyssal Plain directly downstream of the Indonesian Throughflow off northwest Australia. Carbon export from the euphotic zone averaged 7.0 mmol C m-2 d-1, which equated to an average export efficiency (export / net primary production) of 0.17. Sinking particle flux within the euphotic zone (beneath the mixed layer, but above the deep chlorophyll maximum) averaged slightly higher than flux at the base of the euphotic zone, suggesting that the deep euphotic zone was a depth stratum of net particle remineralization. Carbon flux attenuation continued into the twilight zone with a transfer efficiency (export at euphotic depth + 100m / export at euphotic depth) of 0.62 and an average Martins b-value of 1.1. Within the euphotic zone, fresh phytoplankton (chlorophyll associated with sinking particles, possibly contained within appendicularian houses) were an important component of sinking particles, but beneath the euphotic zone the fecal pellets of herbivorous zooplankton (phaeopigments) were more important. Changes in carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition with depth further reflected remineralization processes occurring as particles sank. We show similarities with biological carbon pump functioning in a similar semi-enclosed oligotrophic marginal sea, the Gulf of Mexico, including net remineralization across the deep chlorophyll maximum.

Submitted to: Deep-sea Research II

HighlightsDespite low productivity, export efficiency was 17% of primary production

Flux attenuation beneath the euphotic zone (EZ) was low for a tropical region

Sinking particle flux from the upper to lower EZ exceeded export from lower EZ

The deep EZ was a stratum of net particle remineralization (and net heterotrophy)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biard, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fender, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kehinde, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yingling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sinking particle export within and beneath the euphotic zone in the eastern Indian Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable EEG Biomarkers for Neurological Disease Models in Mice Using Bag-of-Waves Classifiers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are time-series records of the electrical potential from collective neural activity in the brain. EEG waveform patterns--rhythmic and irregular oscillations and transient patterns of sharp waves or spikes--are potential phenotypical biomarkers, reflecting genotype-specific neural activity. This is especially relevant to diagnosing epilepsy without direct seizure observations, which is common in clinical settings, as well as in animal models, which often have subtle neurological phenotypes without overt epilepsy. Herein, we investigate genotypic prediction from long-term EEG signals of freely behaving mice belonging to six groups defined by the presence or absence of a neurological disease-genotype (TSC1 gene knockout) in three different inbred strains with distinct genetic backgrounds. The potential complexity of genotype-related EEG patterns motivates a machine learning approach to automatically extract time-series descriptors, such as waveforms or spectral content, as biomarkers. We propose a machine learning approach to predict the genotypes of individual mice from the occurrence counts of waveforms that approximate short windows of the EEG. That is, a dictionary of waveforms is optimized to approximate windows from each genotype, and the vectors of waveform occurrence counts are the features for predicting genotypes via logistic regression models. Across two-fold cross-validation of the waveform dictionary learning, and leave-one-individual-out genotype prediction, we find that waveform counts pooled over multiple hour segments enable reliable prediction of mouse strain with an accuracy of 70% (chance rate of 38%), and for two of the three strains, DBA2 and C57B6, strain-specific classifiers reliably determined the epilepsy-genotype (TSC1 gene knockout) at a 67% sensitivity with a 100% specificity for DBA2 and 67% specificity for C57B6. None of the mice of these strains had evidence of overt seizures or EEG-based seizure detection. The methodologies and results show the potential of EEG waveforms as phenotypes and bag-of-waves as a feature representation for identifying epilepsy genotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Achuri, M. I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabbo, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahoney, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brockmeier, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable EEG Biomarkers for Neurological Disease Models in Mice Using Bag-of-Waves Classifiers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The development of FEDUPP: Feeding Experimentation Device Users Processing Package to Assess Learning and Cognitive Flexibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt behavior in response to changing contingencies, is a key component of adaptive decision-making and is impaired in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional rodent assays of cognitive flexibility are conducted in experimenter-controlled sessions in restrictive environments, limiting ecological validity and temporal resolution. Here, we developed a fully automated, home-cage paradigm using the Feeding Experimentation Device 3 (FED3) and a companion open-source analysis pipeline, the Feeding Experimentation Device Users Processing Package (FEDUPP), to assess learning and cognitive flexibility with minimal experimenter intervention. The paradigm combines a single-day fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) task with a multi-day, reversal learning task in which active port assignment switches every 25 pellets collected. FEDUPP implements multi-scale learning metrics, including overall accuracy, an 80% accuracy milestone, and a machine learning-based classification of meal accuracy to capture motivated, goal-directed feeding. In wild-type mice, the paradigm detected rapid FR1 acquisition and progressive within-block adaptation during reversal. Application to mice with dorsal hippocampal knockdown of the scaffolding protein CASK revealed faster FR1 acquisition and higher accuracy than controls but a delayed onset of the first accurate meal after reversal, suggesting a selective deficit in updating goal-directed feeding behavior. These findings demonstrate that FEDUPP enables high-resolution, continuous assessment of learning and cognitive flexibility in ethologically relevant settings, and that meal-based accuracy provides a sensitive metric for detecting subtle flexibility impairments not captured by traditional measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libster, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desfor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castorena, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montilla-Perez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The development of FEDUPP: Feeding Experimentation Device Users Processing Package to Assess Learning and Cognitive Flexibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular assessment of algal carbon storage and chloroplasts across the microenvironmental landscape of a photosymbiotic coral 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.671130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light availability plays a central role in shaping the photophysiology and energy metabolism of photosymbiotic organisms such as reef-building corals. Although light varies greatly within coral colonies, the effects of this spatial heterogeneity on the subcellular organization and energy storage of symbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae) remain poorly understood. Here, we combined microscale measurements of light and oxygen across both light-exposed upper regions and shaded basal regions of a Favites abdita colony with three-dimensional subcellular imaging using Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM). Our multi-scale approach revealed subcellular heterogeneity among symbiont populations, suggesting different cell cycle stages and physiological states across a spatial stratification in the coral. Subcellular morphometrics revealed that symbiont cells at the top of the colony were twice more voluminous than those at the shaded base with similar plastid volume occupancy. Compared to symbionts at the top of the colony, symbionts in the basal region accumulated nearly three times more starch relative to their cell volume. These findings show that light gradients within coral colonies shape symbiont morphology and energy storage patterns, with important implications for coral stress tolerance and resilience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grundy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobsen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuhl, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decelle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangpraseurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.671130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular assessment of algal carbon storage and chloroplasts across the microenvironmental landscape of a photosymbiotic coral]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.15.670603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DFFB suppresses interferon to enable cancer persister cell regrowth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.15.670603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogene targeted cancer therapies can provide deep responses but frequently suffer from acquired resistance.1 Therapeutic approaches to treat tumours which have acquired drug resistance are complicated by continual tumour evolution and multiple co-occurring resistance mechanisms.2,3 Rather than treating resistance after it emerges, it may possible to prevent it by inhibiting the adaptive processes which initiate resistance but these are poorly understood.4 Here we report that residual cancer persister cells that survive oncogene targeted therapy are growth arrested by drug stress-induced intrinsic Type I interferon (IFN) signaling. To escape growth arrest, persister cells leverage apoptotic machinery to transcriptionally suppress interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Mechanistically, persister cells sublethally engage apoptotic caspases to activate DNA endonuclease DNA Fragmentation Factor B (DFFB, also known as Caspase-Activated DNase (CAD)) which induces DNA damage, mutagenesis, and stress response factor Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3). ATF3 limits Activator Protein-1 (AP1)-mediated ISG expression sufficiently to allow persister cell regrowth. Persister cells deficient in DFFB or ATF3 exhibit high ISG expression and are consequently unable to regrow. Therefore, sublethal apoptotic stress paradoxically promotes regrowth of residual cancer cells that survive drug treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervasio, D. A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turkal, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuhlfire, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauch, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plawat, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paw, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hairani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathrop, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hangauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.15.670603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DFFB suppresses interferon to enable cancer persister cell regrowth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toggling of NKG2A expression drives functional specialization of iPSC-derived CAR NK cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived natural killer (iNK) cells offer a promising platform for off-the-shelf immunotherapy against hematological malignancies. NK cell function is dynamically regulated through education driven by inhibitory receptors, including CD94/NKG2A and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). However, the acquisition of inhibitory receptors in iNK cells and their role during differentiation and education remains poorly defined. In this study, we monitored receptor repertoires, transcriptional states, and functional responses in a range of genetically engineered iNK cell lines. Transcriptional reference mapping placed iNK cells close to cytokine-activated NKG2A+ CD56dim peripheral blood (PB) NK cells. Despite their early differentiation stage, iNK cells displayed a well-developed cytotoxic effector program, which was also reflected in high protein expression of Eomes, granzyme B, and activating receptors DNAM-1 and NKG2D. Acquisition of NKG2A by iNK cells was associated with a more differentiated transcriptional state and superior functional responses against a broad range of targets, including those expressing low to moderate levels of HLA-E, suggesting attenuated inhibitory signaling through NKG2A in iNKs. CRISPR knockout of {beta}2-microglobulin (B2) in iNK cells revealed that the functional potency of NKG2A+ iNK cells was independent of educating interactions with HLA-E in cis or trans. Finally, CRISPR-mediated ablation of NKG2A led to a spontaneous compensatory surface expression of CD94/NKG2C heterodimers, associated with enhanced IFN-{gamma} production and cytotoxic activity against target cells with forced high expression of single-chain {beta}2m-HLA-E-peptide trimers. Our results indicate an education-independent functional maturation of iNK cells, characterized by potent effector programs coupled with a favorable early-stage transcriptional profile.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kanaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philippon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Netskar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saetersmoen, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cieslar-Pobuda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torralba-Raga, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casoni, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincenti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiiger, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krokeide, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoel, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ask, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosugi-Kanaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kveberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodridge, j. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valameher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfefferle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malmberg, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toggling of NKG2A expression drives functional specialization of iPSC-derived CAR NK cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.670151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCL26 and CXCL12 Promote Release of Insulin-Sensitizing Adipose Tissue Macrophage sEVs from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.670151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unlike visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) can play a protective role against the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. Here, we show that, in obesity, subcutaneous adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that can improve insulin sensitivity, opposite to the effect of visceral ATM sEVs. This functional difference was associated with an increase in the proportion of insulin-sensitizing, resident ATMs in SAT. In vivo and in vitro measurements of ATM growth and trafficking combined with single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that higher resident ATM survival and lower blood monocyte immigration along with decreased transition to pro-inflammatory ATMs collectively lead to the relative abundance of resident ATMs in SAT in obesity. These changes were mediated by CCL26 derived from subcutaneous adipocytes and adipocyte progenitors and CXCL12 secreted from resident ATMs. Our results elucidate previously unknown mechanisms for how SAT retains protective functions against metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.670151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCL26 and CXCL12 Promote Release of Insulin-Sensitizing Adipose Tissue Macrophage sEVs from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomic profiling of the human aortic valve reveals cellular sex differences near sites of calcification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex differences in aortic valve stenosis (AVS) progression have been documented clinically, but the underlying cellular mechanisms that drive sex-dependent calcification in aortic valve tissue remain poorly understood. Here, we harnessed single cell and spatial transcriptomics to investigate mechanisms that drive sex dependent spatial organization of valvular interstitial cell (VIC) and macrophage gene expression near calcification sites in human male and female aortic valve tissue. Histological analyses of aortic valve tissues stratified into healthy and diseased cohorts based on degree of calcification reveal increased valve calcification area in diseased male aortic valves relative to female, and increased valve thickening in diseased female aortic valves. Single cell sequencing analysis of heterogeneous valvular interstitial cell (VIC) populations reveals male-dependent gene expression of the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex. Spatial transcriptomics and RNA-FISH analyses of VIC populations near sites of calcification revealed male-dependent gene expression localization of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP), as opposed to diffuse COMP expression in female VICs. Cell-cell communication analyses were used to determine female-specific macrophage-VIC interactions. Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (also known as osteopontin) expressed from macrophages interacts with the cell surface receptor CD44 expressed by VICs to drive a pro-fibrotic phenotype in female aortic valves. Together, our results reveal sex differences in VIC and macrophage heterogeneity and functions near sites of calcification in aortic valve tissue. Our results highlight the importance of sex-based transcriptomics analyses to understand the cellular phenotypes responsible for causing sex differences in aortic valve fibrosis calcification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baddour, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninh, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorashi, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomic profiling of the human aortic valve reveals cellular sex differences near sites of calcification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Darwin-Godel Drug Discovery Machine (DGDM): A Self-Improving AI Framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.21.671415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite advances such as AlphaFold and modern generative AI models, current drug discovery pipelines lack mechanisms to refine both molecules and the pipelines themselves, limiting their ability to achieve autonomous and reliable self-improvement. To address this, we present the Darwin-Godel Drug Discovery Machine (DGDM), a self-improving artificial intelligence framework that integrates generative molecular design and evolution with adaptive meta-learning. DGDM employs a dual-loop architecture: an inner loop frames molecular optimization as a Darwinian evolutionary process guided by reinforcement learning signals, where candidate molecules generated by generative AI are evolved through search and feedback; an outer loop adaptively modifies the discovery pipeline itself. Unlike the original Godel machine, which demands formal proofs of improvement--rarely attainable in practice--DGDM uses statistical validation to bound risk and ensure reliable progress. The framework is fully compatible with modern structural biology tools, including AlphaFold, and supports evaluation through docking, binding affinity prediction, and ADMET profiling. In a proof-of-concept study, DGDM improved the median binding affinity of candidate ligands from -4.457 to -5.422 kcal/mol while maintaining 100% drug-likeness and novelty. These results suggest that bounded-risk, self-improving AI can accelerate drug discovery by continuously refining both molecular design and discovery processes, extending the Godel machine principle of self-improvement into biomedical research. All code is open-sourced at https://github.com/deep-geo/DGDM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.21.671415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Darwin-Godel Drug Discovery Machine (DGDM): A Self-Improving AI Framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cryptic Binding Pocket Regulates the Metal-Dependent Activity of Cas9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cas9 is a metal-dependent nuclease that has revolutionized gene editing across diverse cells and organisms exhibiting varying ion uptake, metabolism, and concentrations. However, how divalent metals impact its catalytic function, and consequently its editing efficiency in different cells, remains unclear. Here, extensive molecular simulations, Markov State Models, biochemical and NMR experiments, demonstrate that divalent metals - Mg2+, Ca2+, and Co2+ - promote activation of the catalytic HNH domain by binding within a dynamically forming divalent metal binding pocket (DBP) at the HNH-RuvC interface. Mutations in DBP residues disrupt HNH activation and impair the coupled catalytic activity of both nucleases, identifying this cryptic DBP as a key regulator of Cas9s metal-dependent activity. The ionic strength thereby promotes Cas9s conformational activation, while its catalytic activity is metal-specific. These findings are critical to improving the metal-dependent function of Cas9 and its use for genome editing in different cells and organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahsan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strohkendl, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skeens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisi, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palermo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.672025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cryptic Binding Pocket Regulates the Metal-Dependent Activity of Cas9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Readthrough at Atf4 Locus Suppresses Rps19bp1 and Impairs Heart Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDActivating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) functions as a transcriptional regulator in various cell types and tissues under both physiological and pathological conditions. While previous studies have linked ATF4 activation with promoting cardiomyocyte (CM) death in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, its role in developing CMs remains unexplored.

METHODSWe generated multiple distinct CM-specific (Atf4cKO(e2/3/pA) and Atf4cKO(e2)) and global Atf4 knockout (Atf47del/7del and Atf41ins/1ins) mouse models targeting different Atf4 regions, as well as cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Rps19bp1 to study cardiac phenotypes. Detailed morphological and molecular analyses were performed.

RESULTSAtf4cKO(e2/3/pA) (targeting exon 2-3 including the polyadenylation signal (polyA)) mice exhibited severe cardiac defects and died before E17.5, likely due to ectopic activation of p53 signaling pathway resulting from Rps19bp1 downregulation, a potent suppressor of p53. Further investigation revealed that deleting the polyA signal of Atf4 in Atf4cKO(e2/3/pA) mice led to transcriptional readthrough, resulting in the formation of an Atf4-Cacna1i fusion transcript and Rps19bp1 downregulation. To avoid readthrough while abolishing ATF4 function, we introduced small indels into exon 3 of Atf4 in mice (Atf47del/7del and Atf41ins/1ins), which showed normal Rps19bp1 expression and cardiac morphology. Importantly, CM-specific deletion of Rps19bp1 recapitulated the cardiac defects and transcriptional change seen in Atf4cKO(e2/3/pA) mice.

CONCLUSIONSWe found that the downregulation of Rps19bp1, not loss of ATF4 function, underlying the cardiac phenotypes in Atf4cKO(e2/3/pA) mice. The reduced expression of Rps19bp1 in Atf4cKO(e2/3/pA) mice is likely due to the unintentional deletion of Atf4 polyA signal and subsequent transcriptional readthrough, underscoring the essential role of RPS19BP1, not ATF4, in cardiac development. Consistent Rps19bp1 downregulation has been observed in other tissue-specific Atf4 knockout models utilizing the Atf4fl(e2/3/pA) allele, suggesting that previously reported Atf4 KO phenotypes may result from Atf4 transcriptional readthrough effects. These findings reveal a locus-dependent transcriptional interference mechanism and emphasize the importance of avoiding confounding cis effects in genetically engineered models.

TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVEOur findings clarify ATF4s role in heart development by showing that cardiac defects in cardiomyocyte-specific ATF4 knockout mice--using a widely employed floxed ATF4 line--result from unintended downregulation of RPS19BP1 caused by transcriptional readthrough. This shifts the focus from ATF4 to RPS19BP1, a key regulator of p53 activity, as a potential driver of cardiac developmental abnormalities. Clinically, these insights caution against misinterpretation of genetic knockout models and highlight RPS19BP1 as a promising target for congenital heart disease and related cardiac dysfunctions, with potential implications for future therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barroga, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Readthrough at Atf4 Locus Suppresses Rps19bp1 and Impairs Heart Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Architecture and Function Mechanism of Tri-heteromeric GluN1-N2-N3A NMDA Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in brain development and synaptic function. Previous studies have focused on GluN1-N2 (2A-2D) and GluN1- N3 (3A and 3B) di-heteromeric (di-) NMDARs, leaving the activation mechanism and stoichiometry of GluN1-N2-N3 tri-heteromeric (tri-) NMDARs largely unexplored. In this study, we employed a two-step affinity-tagged chromatography approach to purify recombinantly expressed GluN1-N2A-N3A tri-NMDARs and determined their cryo-EM structure. Based on the proteoliposome single-channel recording, we discovered GluN1-N2A-N3A can be activated upon co-binding of glycine and glutamate, exhibiting two distinct conductance levels. Furthermore, leveraging structural-based click- chemistry, we introduced photo-crosslinker p-azido-phenylalanine (AzF) into the N- terminal domain of GluN2A and GluN2B, enabling the crosslinking with GluN3A subunit both in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide molecular insights into the subunit arrangement, native architecture and activation mechanism of GluN1-N2-N3A tri- NMDARs and also highlight the complexity of NMDAR assembly and function in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.672209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Architecture and Function Mechanism of Tri-heteromeric GluN1-N2-N3A NMDA Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
METTL13 Promotes Pre-Leukemic Transformation and the Development of Pediatric Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-transcriptional RNA modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation and adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing, are critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation, yet their precise contributions to malignant transformation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we uncovered the epitranscriptomic landscape caused by knockdown of genes from the methyltransferase (METTL)-family in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We identified both converging and distinct roles of METTL3 and METTL14, known members of the m6A writer complex, as well as orphan gene METTL13. Notably, METTL13 was uniquely upregulated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) overexpression, while other METTL genes were downregulated. Knockdown of METTL13 altered the expression of multiple genes involved in oncogenic development in HSPCs. Furthermore, METTL13 was associated with a high-risk profile in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and functional studies confirmed that METTL13 is required for T-ALL cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results indicate a previously unrecognized, oncogenic role for METTL13 in pre-leukemic transformation and T-ALL pathogenesis.

SignificanceIn this study we uncovered a novel regulatory link between ADAR1 and the METTL-family of RNA methyltransferases in hematopoietic stem cells. Overexpression of ADAR1 uniquely upregulated METTL13 while suppressing other METTL genes. Loss of orphan gene METTL13 affected proliferation, apoptosis and p53 signaling in hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, loss of METTL13 suppressed cell proliferation and survival in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Our findings suggest a potential role for METTL13 in pre-leukemia transformation and oncogenic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enlund, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramilo Amor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirazi Fard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermanson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holm, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[METTL13 Promotes Pre-Leukemic Transformation and the Development of Pediatric Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673091v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dietary emulsifier polysorbate-80 induces lipid accumulation and cell death in intestinal epithelial cells via ferroptosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673091v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases are major global health issues increasingly linked to dietary factors. Consumption of dietary emulsifiers like polysorbate-80 (p80), common in ultra-processed foods and pharmaceuticals, has raised concerns about gut health. RNA sequencing on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) exposed to p80 revealed increased expression of ferroptosis-associated genes and disruption of lipid metabolism pathways further demonstrated by mitochondrial dysfunction, including altered membrane potential and architecture, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, iron, lipid peroxidation, and lipid droplet formation. Lipidomic profiling identified significant alterations in triglyceride species and elevated pro-ferroptotic polyunsaturated fatty acids. These data indicate that p80 disrupts lipid homeostasis in IECs and triggers ferroptotic cell death, mechanisms potentially contributing to the increased incidence of chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome. The study highlights critical implications for public health, emphasizing the need for reassessment of emulsifier safety standards while balancing needs with consumer safety.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saiz-Gonzalo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanrahan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cluzel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quilter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srutkova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudcovic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Sullivan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyce, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melgar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673091</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dietary emulsifier polysorbate-80 induces lipid accumulation and cell death in intestinal epithelial cells via ferroptosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant Hippo-YAP/TEAD signaling drives malignant transcriptional reprogramming in external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeExternal auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC) is an extremely rare malignancy. The molecular characteristics and evidence-based therapeutic strategies of EACSCC still remain to be elucidated.

Experimental DesignComprehensive analyses of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) utilizing YAP and H3K27Ac antibodies were performed in primary EACSCC and noncancerous ear skin samples. Functional experiments were performed in EACSCC-derived cells and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining of primary EACSCC tissues as well as survival analysis were conducted.

ResultsRNA-seq indicated hyperactivation of YAP/TEAD-mediated transcriptional programs in EACSCC. H3K27Ac ChIP-seq suggested gained accessibility for transcription factor (TF) binding sites for TEAD, AP-1 and PITX TFs in EACSCC, and presence of EACSCC-specific super enhancers (SEs). YAP-bound SEs were involved in oncogenic transcription, including EGFR signaling. Small molecule TEAD inhibitor (smTEADi) VT104 showed significant suppression of proliferation and clonogenicity in EACSCC cells. Importantly, smTEADi not only inhibited YAP-TEAD interaction but also induced YAP-PITX2 binding, suggesting that PITX2 could represent an alternative partner TF of YAP under TEAD-inhibited conditions. Knockdown of PITX2 inhibited cell growth and migration of EACSCC and HNSCC cells, whereas overexpression of PITX2 induced expression of cell cycle, stemness, and EMT genes, as well as YAP/TAZ-TEAD target genes, and promoted tumor growth in vivo. Nuclear YAP and PITX2 expression were significantly correlated with poor prognosis of EACSCC patients.

ConclusionsThis study highlighted the hyperactivation of the YAP-TEAD/PITX2 transcriptional program and its potential as a therapeutic target in EACSCC.

Translational RelevanceExternal auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma (EACSCC) is an extremely rare malignancy related to chronic tissue damage and inflammation. Due to its rarity, the molecular characteristics of EACSCC are poorly understood, and evidence-based therapeutic strategies are not fully developed. Here, we provide evidence of hyperactivation of YAP/TEAD-driven transcriptional programs in EACSCC, utilizing comprehensive analyses of RNA-seq and YAP/H3K27Ac ChIP-seq in clinical tissue samples, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, our data suggest that the PITX2 transcription factor (TF) could represent an alternative partner TF of YAP under TEAD-inhibited conditions, which may rescue oncogenic transcription of TEAD. Importantly, YAP and PITX2 are co-expressed in EACSCC and predict poor prognosis of EACSCC patients. Our results provide a rationale for YAP-hyperactivation in EACSCC and contribute to a better understanding of this malignancy and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komune, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ono, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hongo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koike, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itoyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mimori, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masuda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant Hippo-YAP/TEAD signaling drives malignant transcriptional reprogramming in external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.28.672816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trophic specialization enhances growth performance in larvae of southern bluefin, albacore, and skipjack tunas from the eastern Indian Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.28.672816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We examined trophic ecology and its influence on larval growth variability for three scombrids, southern bluefin (Thunnus maccoyii, SBT), albacore (T. alalunga, ALB), and skipjack tunas (Katsuwonus pelamis, SKJ), that share a common spawning ground in the eastern Indian Ocean. We combined otolith-based ageing with bulk nitrogen and carbon stable isotope analysis (SIA) of individual larvae. Significant interspecific differences in {delta}{superscript 1}N and {delta}{superscript 1}3C indicate adaptive resource partitioning that allows these tunas to coexist during early ontogeny. Trophic position and isotopic niche were estimated with both frequentist and Bayesian approaches, enabling the evaluation of ontogenetic isotope shifts, niche overlap, and resource use in relation to growth. ALB grew fastest had the highest trophic position, and the broadest isotopic niche. Optimally growing tuna larvae occupied the narrowest trophic niche and had lower trophic positions for all three species, supporting the hypothesis that strong trophic specialization supports better growth performance, and that feeding on more efficient shorter food chains (e.g., microbial loop via appendicularians) can enhance larval fitness. Using lower C:N ratio as a proxy of larval condition, found in optimal growing groups, supports the broader hypothesis that growth potential is closely tied to energy allocation strategies during early ontogeny. A detailed understanding of how larval trophodynamics, niche breadth, and resource partitioning interact with growth and survival during these vulnerable stages is essential for ecosystem-based management, particularly in systems where growth rate modulates predation risk and competitive fitness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LAIZ-CARRION, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BORREGO-SANTOS, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>QUINTANILLA, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>QUEZADA-ROMEGIALLI, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MALCA, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SWALETHORP, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ABASCAL, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PENNINO, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VARGAS, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GODOY-BERMUDEZ, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DIE, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LANDRY, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.28.672816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trophic specialization enhances growth performance in larvae of southern bluefin, albacore, and skipjack tunas from the eastern Indian Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline stem cell isolation, lineage tracing, and aging in a protochordate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germline stem cells (GSCs), the source of gametes, are the only stem cells capable of passing genes to future generations and are therefore considered units of natural selection. Yet, the factors that influence GSC fitness, and thus govern GSC competition, which exist in both protochordates and mammals, remain poorly understood. We studied how aging affects GSC fitness in the protochordate Botryllus schlosseri, an evolutionary crosspoint between invertebrates and vertebrates. GSCs were isolated and distinguished from developing and mature gametes using flow cytometry and scRNA-Seq, facilitated by a new PacBio genome assembly. Moreover, their function was validated through a novel lineage tracing approach that combines membrane-labeled GSC transplantation with scRNA-Seq. Leveraging our method to isolate them, single-cell transcriptomics showed significant age-related changes between young and old GSCs. Spermatids and sperm, however, showed minimal changes, suggesting that reproductive aging is governed by GSCs rather than by gametes. Reduced expressions of markers like DDX4 and PIWIL1 in aged GSCs mirrored trends in mammalian datasets, pointing to a conserved GSC-driven aging mechanism across chordate evolution. This study provides new techniques that lay the foundation to investigate further drivers of GSC fitness and highlights fertility-related genes as promising targets for therapies to preserve reproductive health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anselmi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishizuka, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voskoboynik, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGeever, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detweiler, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmeri, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohene-Gambill, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raveh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanni, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosental, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voskoboynik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline stem cell isolation, lineage tracing, and aging in a protochordate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Platelet factor 4 modulates endothelial cell antimicrobial activity to enhance bacterial clearance and improve sepsis outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by dysregulated host responses to infection. Here, we identify platelet factor 4 (PF4) as a key mediator of vascular antimicrobial defense. In vitro, PF4 enhanced endothelial cell internalization of Escherichia coli via interactions with the PF4 receptor CXCR3 and the endothelial glycocalyx, directing bacteria to clathrin-mediated endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In vivo, PF4 administration improved survival and reduced sepsis severity, bacterial burden, inflammation, and thrombosis in wild-type (WT) and PF4 knockout (PF4-/-) mice challenged with systemic polymicrobial infection. Using intravital microscopy, we observed that infused bacteria were rapidly sequestered in the pulmonary microvasculature. However, PF4-/- mice exhibited impaired bacterial clearance and increased microvascular platelet adhesion and aggregation. In the liver, following Kupffer cell depletion, PF4-/- mice had increased sinusoidal platelet accumulation, larger bacterial aggregates, and elevated hepatic bacterial burden compared to WT controls. Collectively, these findings reveal that PF4 promotes bacterial clearance and restrains immunothrombosis during sepsis in part via endothelial cell uptake and destruction of microbes. By enhancing endothelial antimicrobial function, PF4 represents a significant yet previously underrecognized host defense mechanism that limits bacterial spread and alleviates vascular injury during infection.

KEY POINTSO_LIIn vitro, PF4 accelerates bacterial clearance by enhancing endothelial uptake of bacteria and promoting their trafficking to the lysosome.
C_LIO_LIIn murine sepsis, PF4 augments pathogen clearance to reduce infection severity, limit organ injury, and improve survival.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngo, A. T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortmann, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skidmore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bochenek, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chernysh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diorio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goulian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poncz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gollomp, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Platelet factor 4 modulates endothelial cell antimicrobial activity to enhance bacterial clearance and improve sepsis outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calorie Restriction modulates beta cell IP3R activity to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and cell network connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calorie restriction (CR) promotes beta cell longevity by regulating cell identity, organelle and protein homeostasis, and metabolism pathways. CR beta cells have higher cAMP levels and mitochondria with an elevated potential to generate ATP. However, CR beta cells have reduced insulin secretion due to increased peripheral insulin sensitivity. How CR impacts beta cell Ca2+ homeostasis to regulate beta cell insulin release remains unknown. We investigated this question using acute pancreatic tissue slices prepared from ad-libitum (AL) or CR mice loaded with a low affinity Ca2+ indicator and recorded cytosolic Ca2+ gradients with fast confocal imaging. We exposed these slices to increasing glucose concentrations and applied our semi-automatic analysis pipeline to detect thousands of individual beta cells followed by identification of individual Ca2+ spiking events. We observed that CR beta cells have fast short-amplitude Ca2+ oscillations that correlate with largely disconnected beta cell networks across the islet. Using acetylcholine stimulation, we found that faster IP3R-driven Ca2+ oscillations linked to higher cytosolic cAMP levels protect beta cells against acute depletion of ER Ca2+ stress. Therefore, this study provides new mechanistic insight into adaptation of beta cell and of beta cell networks to CR interventions.

Article highlightsO_LIBeta cells from calorie restricted (CR) mice have decreased insulin release, however the mechanisms underlying this adaptive response remain unknown.
C_LIO_LICR beta cells have elevated basal cytosolic cAMP ([cAMP]cyt) compared to beta cells in control ad libitum fed (AL) mice, and they operate with faster and shorter cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations.
C_LIO_LIWhile AL beta cells form interconnected activity networks, CR beta cells are largely disconnected and fire more independently of each other.
C_LIO_LIIslets of CR mice can sustain prolonged activity during ER stressing conditions due to elevated IP3R activity and improved Ca2+ homeostasis.
C_LI

Why did we undertake this study?We have previously shown that calorie restriction (CR) promotes beta cell longevity by enhancing beta cell identity and organelle homeostasis mechanisms. This long-lived phenotype correlated with the onset of enhanced peripheral insulin sensitivity and reduced beta cell insulin release in vivo despite higher cAMP levels and increased potential for mitochondrial ATP generation. However, the mechanisms underlying the reduced cell insulin release phenotype of CR beta cells remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the underlying Ca2+ homeostasis mechanisms regulating insulin release in AL and CR beta cells.

What is the specific question(s) we wanted to answer?We were interested in determining what are the cell Ca2+ activity patterns during basal and glucose-stimulated conditions in AL and CR beta cells. In addition, we also investigated how CR beta cells respond to epinephrine inhibition and supra-stimulatory concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), which drive acute beta cell stress by disrupting normal cAMP and ER Ca2+ signaling, respectively. Finally, we investigate whether CR beta cells formed more interconnected beta cell networks driven by changes in Ca2+ activity patterns.

What did we find?We found that CR beta cells are more active with significantly higher rates of Ca2+ oscillation at basal and high glucose concentrations. In fact, CR beta cells have shorter inter-Ca2+ event intervals that are more resistant to depletion of cAMP by epinephrine application. In contrast, stimulation of IP3R activity (to force depletion of ER Ca2+ stores) by supraphysiological ACh concentrations revealed that CR beta cells were able to sustain a prolonged Ca2+ activity versus AL beta cells. Surprisingly, this enhanced beta cell activity profile reduced beta cell activity network connectivity.

What are the implications of our findings?Our work demonstrates that CR beta cells have higher baseline and glucose-stimulated Ca2+ activity due to higher cAMP levels. These cells also have dominant IP3R activity that grants improved ER Ca2+ homeostasis and significantly reduces beta cell network connectivity to tone down insulin secretion. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of how beta cells adapt to CR and to CR-associated enhanced insulin sensitivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfabe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acree, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habashy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cambraia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slak Rupnik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arrojo e Drigo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.01.673520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calorie Restriction modulates beta cell IP3R activity to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and cell network connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.674060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue geometry and mechanochemical feedback initiate rotational migration in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.674060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collective migration of epithelial cells drives diverse tissue remodeling processes. In many cases, a free tissue edge polarizes the cells to promote directed motion, but how edge-free or closed epithelia initiate migration remains unclear. Here, we show that the rotational migration of follicular epithelial cells in the Drosophila egg chamber is a self-organizing process. Combining experiments and theoretical modeling, we identify a positive feedback loop in which the mechanosensitive behavior of the atypical cadherin Fat2 synergizes with the rigid-body dynamics of the egg chamber to both initiate and sustain rotation. Mechanical constraints arising from cell-cell interactions and tissue geometry further align this motion around the egg chambers anterior-posterior axis. Our findings reveal a biophysical mechanism -- combining Fat2-mediated velocity-polarity alignment, rigid-body dynamics, and tissue geometry -- by which a closed epithelial tissue self-organizes into persistent, large-scale rotational migration in vivo, expanding current flocking theories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwabach, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santhosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horne-Badovinac, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.674060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue geometry and mechanochemical feedback initiate rotational migration in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular mechanism linking endoplasmic reticulum inheritance and cell cycle regulation of the nuclear genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers activation of the ER surveillance (ERSU) pathway-- a critical protective mechanism that transiently halts cortical ER inheritance to daughter cells and arrests cytokinesis by septin ring subunit Shs1 re-localization to the bud scar in response to ER stress. Once ER functional homeostasis is re-established, cells resume normal cell cycle progression; however, the molecular circuitry linking ER integrity to cell cycle regulation has remained largely unresolved. Here, we show that ER stress selectively disperse Bud2, a GAP for Bud1/Rsr1, severing its canonical role in cell polarity while integrating it into ER homeostasis signaling. Bud2 dispersion results in accelerated spindle pole body (SPB) duplication, spindle misorientation, defects in nuclear migration, and genome segregation errors under ER stress. Strikingly, a C-terminal truncation of Shs1 (shs1-{Delta}CTD) recapitulated the ER stress-induced dispersion of Bud2 phenotype even in the absence of ER stress, and delayed cell-cycle re-entry after ER homeostasis was regained--despite normal occurrence of typical ERSU hallmark events. Notably, Bud2 overexpression rescued the growth defects of shs1-{Delta}CTD mutants after ER homeostasis was re-established. Collectively, our findings reveal a new mechanistic axis whereby ER integrity coordinates organelle inheritance, cytoskeletal organization, and nuclear division via selective control of Bud2 and Shs1, establishing a direct regulatory bridge between ER status and mitotic fidelity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niwa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.674221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular mechanism linking endoplasmic reticulum inheritance and cell cycle regulation of the nuclear genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673656v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the roles of trophic mode and microbial prey size in grazing pathways of tropical oligotrophic waters of the eastern Indian Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673656v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prey removal incubations were conducted in the Argo Basin (eastern Indian Ocean) to investigate the trophic ecology of the zooplankton community supporting Southern Bluefin Tuna larvae. Grazing and selectivity were evaluated considering prey trophic mode and size as food quality descriptors in copepod diets and compared with microzooplankton grazing. Copepod ingestion of eukaryotes ranged from 3.4 to 138 ng carbon (C) ind-1 d-1. Diet was dominated by mixotrophic (5-89%) and heterotrophic (0-84%) prey, with autotrophs contributing 2-17%. Nanoplankton provided the highest C intake to copepods (62-99%) rather than more abundant picoplankton (0.8-38%). No measurable reduction in chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration occurred from copepod grazing through food removal, suggesting a possible trophic cascade, although gut content revealed ingestion of 0.8 {micro}g Chla ind-1 d-1. Copepods showed moderate selection for picoplankton (E=0.3) over nanoplankton, perhaps due to faster consumption of nanoplankton by microzooplankton or ingestion of picoplankton aggregates. Ingestion of 15N (nitrogen)-labelled prey indicated copepod consumption of protistan consumers or small metazoans. We found significantly greater ([~]5-fold) copepod N consumption when using 1-2 {micro}m 15N-Synechococcus, compared to <1 {micro}m sized 15N-Prochlorococcus. Microzooplankton grazing on eukaryotes (0.07-2.5 d-1) and prokaryotes (0.3-2.1 d-1) greatly exceeded copepod grazing. Microzooplankton diet consisted mainly of heterotrophs (25-59%) and mixotrophs (13-41%), with lower autotrophic contribution (12-33%) of more nano- (95-98%) than picophytoplankton (2-5%) ingested. Overall, microzooplankton removed most of daily production (111%) in contrast to 7% for copepods. Our findings indicate that mixotrophy, intraguild grazing and nutrient channeling support the food web in this oligotrophic region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Traboni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cawley, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673656</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the roles of trophic mode and microbial prey size in grazing pathways of tropical oligotrophic waters of the eastern Indian Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory Compression as a Unifying Principle for Action Chunking and Time Coding in the Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain seamlessly transforms sensory information into precisely-timed movements, enabling us to type familiar words, play musical instruments, or perform complex motor routines with millisecond precision. This process often involves organizing actions into stereotyped "chunks". Intriguingly, brain regions that are critical for action chunking, such as the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), also exhibit neural dynamics that encode the passage of time. How such brain regions support both task-specific motor habits and task-invariant internal timing, two seemingly distinct functions, remains a fundamental question. Here we show, using recurrent neural network models, that these two functions emerge from a single computational principle: sensory compression, the functional compression of high-dimensional sensory information into a low-dimensional representation. We find that a sensory bottleneck forces the network to develop stable internal dynamics that implicitly encode time, which in turn serve as a scaffold upon which the brain learns action chunks in response to predictable environmental regularities. This mechanism unifies task-invariant time coding and sensory-guided motor timing as two outcomes of the same process of sensory compression, providing a general principle for how the brain mirrors environmental regularities in both internal stable neural trajectories and external consistent motor habits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Cauchois, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howlett, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattar, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.05.674585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory Compression as a Unifying Principle for Action Chunking and Time Coding in the Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Erucamide regulates retinal neurovascular crosstalk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurovasculoglial crosstalk is critical in establishing and maintaining a functional neurovascular unit. Breakdown in the unit is central to many neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS of which the retina is a component. A growing literature indicated that primary fatty acid amides (PFAMs) can regulate this crosstalk between vasculature and neuronal tissues. In this study we describe a central role for erucamide, a 22:1 mono-unsaturated omega-9 fatty acid amide, in degenerating retinal tissues. Using high-resolution global mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we cataloged metabolites in murine models of retinal degeneration and show that while PFAMs, in general, are highly dysregulated, erucamide is the one most significantly diminished during photoreceptor atrophy. Using rodent models of retinal degeneration and novel organosilane-modified porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) for the in vivo delivery of erucamide, we demonstrate that erucamide activates CD11b+ myeloid cells, leading to the upregulation of angiogenic and neurotrophic cytokines that stabilize retinal degeneration. We identified TMEM19 as a novel binding protein for erucamide that is crucial for human iPSC-derived macrophage precursor cells activation and subsequent neurotrophic and angiogenic factor production. These findings reveal a previously unknown PFAM pathway that is modulated during retinal degenerative diseases, demonstrating that erucamide or functional analogues and their action through TMEM19 may be useful as a therapeutic alternative to neuroprotective and stem cell-based approaches for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogasawara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westenskow, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usui-Ouchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonelli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eade, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siuzdak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cravatt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sailor, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boger, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedlander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Erucamide regulates retinal neurovascular crosstalk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.674114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteome-wide impact of LRRK1 and 2 inhibitors on protein interactions and phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.674114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Leucine-rich repeat kinases 1 and 2 (LRRK1 and 2) are large, multidomain proteins and closely related members of the Roco protein family. They share a high similarity in domain structure and are both phosphorylate members of the Rab GTPase family. However, despite these similarities, there are substantial differences between the two kinases. While mutations to LRRK1 are only implicated in rare cases of osteopetrosis, LRRK2 is associated with multiple diseases, most prominently with familial and sporadic forms of Parkinsons disease, where pathogenic LRRK2 is associated with an increased kinase activity. While LRRK2 has received major attention from the research community, LRRK1 has been largely understudied. In this work, we employ proximity labelling mass spectrometry in combination with quantitative phosphoproteomics in a model cell line to obtain the cellular interactomes of LRRK1 and LRRK2 and corresponding phosphorylation sites. We then use this dataset to characterize the impact of small molecules targeting both LRRK1 and 2. We identify phosphorylation sites across the proteome that are impacted by these inhibitors and identify novel candidate substrates for LRRK2, including MICALL2. Taken together our data provide a powerful resource for future studies on the cellular role and function of LRRK proteins and their potential use as therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jansen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raig, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surridge, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahesula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter-Muller, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reck-Peterson, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knapp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stengel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.674114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteome-wide impact of LRRK1 and 2 inhibitors on protein interactions and phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence for hierarchical representations of written and spoken words from an open-science human neuroimaging dataset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reading and speech recognition rely on multi-level processing that builds from basic visual or sound features to complete word representations, yet details of these processing hierarchies (in particular those for spoken words) are still poorly understood. We re-analyzed the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data provided in the Mother Of all Unification Studies (MOUS) open-science dataset by using parametric regressions of word frequency and sublexical unit (bigram or syllable) frequency during reading and speech listening tasks in order to elucidate lexical processing hierarchies in the visual and auditory modalities. We first validated our approach in the written word domain, where the technique identified significant correlations for word frequency in the left mid-fusiform cortex (at the location of the Visual Word Form Area) with a left occipital region tracking bigram frequency, compatible with prior reports. During listening, low-frequency spoken words elicited greater responses in a left mid-superior temporal region consistent with the recently-described Auditory Word Form Area (AWFA), while a more posterior region of the superior temporal gyrus was sensitive to syllable frequency. Activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus correlated with both written and spoken word frequency. These findings demonstrate parallel hierarchical organizations in the anteroventral visual and auditory streams, with modality-specific lexica and upstream sublexical representations that converge in higher-order language areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendri, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damera, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riesenhuber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.674741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence for hierarchical representations of written and spoken words from an open-science human neuroimaging dataset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Translating clinical gene sequencing into a foundational representation of tumor subtype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While gene sequencing is routine in cancer care, translating sequences into treatment decisions remains a challenge. Here we introduce MutationProjector, an AI foundation model that transforms tumor mutation profiles into a compact representation of cancer subtype, with broad implications for diagnosis and therapy. MutationProjector is pre-trained by integrating genomic alterations from >30,000 tumors with extensive molecular knowledge, yielding a model that accurately reconstructs held-out genetic profiles (demonstrating strong generalization) and determines subtype representations from altered molecular pathways (enabling model interpretability). We evaluate MutationProjector in independent tasks related to prediction of immunotherapy response, prediction of chemotherapy response, and classification of metastasis, recording leading performance in all areas. Each task identifies key biomarkers of interest, including KMT2A and KRAS-STK11 alterations which govern immunotherapy response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boecher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singhal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ock, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laub, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wall, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Translating clinical gene sequencing into a foundational representation of tumor subtype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TNF signaling drives expansion of Reg4+ epithelial cells in colitis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reg4+ secretory cells are upregulated in colitis and promote epithelial repair, but their regulation is poorly understood. We show that TNF-TNFR1 signaling controls Reg4+ cell numbers in mouse and human colonoids and in vivo, with TNFR1 deficiency reducing these cells and TNF restoring them dose-dependently. In UC patients and DSS-colitis, REG4+ cells mark regenerating crypts, and persistent REG4, DUOX2, and TNFR1 expression identifies non-responders to anti-TNF therapy. These findings reveal a TNFR1-dependent mechanism regulating Reg4+ cells and suggest potential strategies to improve therapeutic responses in IBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gadeock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grikscheit, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TNF signaling drives expansion of Reg4+ epithelial cells in colitis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674957v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TNF Receptor 1 regulates colonic mesenchymal cell diversity and the epithelial stem cell niche. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674957v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUND & AIMSAnti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) is a mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy but fails in many patients. Although TNF has pro-inflammatory effects, depletion of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) paradoxically exacerbates chronic colitis. Because colitis induces remodeling of mesenchymal cell populations, which provide a niche for epithelial stem cells involved in mucosal healing, we hypothesized that TNFR1 promotes colonic mesenchymal cell diversity and stem cell niche function.

METHODSMesenchymal TNFR1 function was studied using TNFR1-/-, platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR)-Cre;TNFR1fl/fl mice, and mixed-genotype mesenchymal-epithelial co-cultures. Mesenchymal cell diversity and gene function were assessed using single-cell RNA-Seq of primary colonic myofibroblasts (CMFs) and via anti-integrin A6 (ITGA6) antibody treatment and exogenous R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) supplementation.

RESULTSTNFR1-/- mesenchyme exhibits reduced cell diversity, with specific depletion of specialized TNF- and interferon-signaling pericryptal cell-type. Deletion of TNFR1 in the pericryptal mesenchyme diminished the (PDGFR)+ CMF population and reduced RSPO3 expression, but increased ITGA6 expression relative to controls (TNFR1+/-). Moreover, inhibition of ITGA6 reversed the proliferative and migratory phenotype of TNFR1-/- CMFs and restored expression of PDGFR and RSPO3. Co-cultures of colonoids with TNFR1-/- CMFs resulted in downregulation of stem cell marker expression; this was rescued by supplementation with RSPO3. Supporting the role for mesenchymal TNFR1 in regulating colonic epithelial stem cells, mice deficient for TNFR1 in PDGFR+ cells showed a 40% loss of Lgr5+ stem cells, consistent with the global TNFR1-deficient mouse.

CONCLUSIONTNFR1-mediated signaling regulates specification and function of colonic mesenchyme, performing an integral role in the maintenance of the crypt stem cell population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gadeock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girish, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grikscheit, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polk, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674957</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TNF Receptor 1 regulates colonic mesenchymal cell diversity and the epithelial stem cell niche.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redox regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways contributes to damage in Alzheimers disease brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanism(s) whereby redox stress mediates aberrant immune signaling in age-related neurological disorders remains largely unknown. Normally, the innate immune system mounts a robust response to infectious stimuli. However, unintentional activation by host-derived factors, such as aggregated proteins associated with neurodegenerative disorders or by cytoplasmic genomic or mitochondrial DNA, can elicit aberrant immune responses. One such immune response is represented by the cytosolic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Using redox chemical biology and mass spectrometry approaches, we identified S-nitrosylation of STING cysteine 148 as a novel posttranslational redox modification underlying aberrant type 1 interferon signaling in Alzheimers disease (AD). Critically, we observed S-nitrosylated STING (SNO-STING) in postmortem human AD brains, in hiPSC-derived microglia (hiMG) exposed to amyloid-{beta} (A{beta})/-synuclein (Syn) aggregates, and in 5xFAD transgenic mice. Mechanistically, our findings reveal that STING S-nitrosylation is critical in initiating signaling cascades by promoting the formation of disulfide-bonded STING oligomers. This leads to neuroinflammation early in the course of disease in vivo in 5xFAD mice with consequent synaptic loss. Collectively, our research supports the role of SNO-STING in neuroinflammation associated with AD, and points to a novel druggable cysteine residue in STING to prevent this S-nitrosylation reaction with its inherent inflammatory response.

One Sentence SummaryS-Nitrosylation of STING triggers activation of cGAS-STING signaling in Alzheimers disease brain and subserves a novel link between excessive nitrosative stress and dysregulated innate immunity, thus contributing to disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carnevale, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navarro, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raspur, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schahrer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diedrich, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipton, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redox regulation of neuroinflammatory pathways contributes to damage in Alzheimers disease brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674964v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redefining Parkinson's Disease by Dysregulated Genetic Networks in Distinct Cell Types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.674964v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parkinsons disease (PD) is classically linked to dopaminergic neuron loss, but emerging evidence suggests broader cellular involvement. Here we show that PD risk variants converge on distinct molecular networks across specific brain cell types, enabling stratification of patients into six subgroups: dopaminergic, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (O), excitatory (E), dopaminergic/excitatory, dopaminergic/oligodendrocyte and other. While all subgroups exhibit motor symptoms, the E-group individuals also display more severe non-motor symptoms, including dementia, hyposmia, and REM sleep behavior disorder. The O-group individuals exhibit reduced myelin integrity, as demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging, implicating NRG6 (formerly C1orf56), a previously uncharacterized high-risk PD gene. We show that NRG6 encodes a conserved epidermal growth factor-like domain structurally and functionally analogous to neuregulin-1, which is critical for oligodendrocyte development and myelination. These findings redefine the cellular architecture of PD vulnerability and identify neuregulin-like signaling in oligodendrocytes as a potential contributor to non-motor symptoms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldeschi, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiksnis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>roybon, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.674964</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redefining Parkinson's Disease by Dysregulated Genetic Networks in Distinct Cell Types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A phenotypic brain organoid atlas for neurodevelopmental disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thousands of genes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), yet mechanisms and targeted treatments remain elusive. To fill these gaps, we present a CIRM-initiated NDD biobank of 352 publicly-available genetically-diverse patient-derived iPSCs, along with clinical details, brain imaging and genomic data, representing four major categories of disease: microcephaly (MIC), polymicrogyria (PMG), epilepsy (EPI), and intellectual disability (ID). From 35 representative patients, we studied over 6000 brain organoids for histology and single cell transcriptomics. Compared with an organoid library from ten neurotypicals, patients showed distinct cellular defects linked to underlying clinical disease categories. MIC showed defects in cell survival and excessive TTR+ cells, PMG showed intermediate progenitor cell junction defects, EPI showed excessive astrogliosis, and ID showed excessive generation of TTR+ cells. Our organoid atlas demonstrates both conserved and divergent NDD category-specific phenotypes, bridging genotype and phenotype. This NDD iPSC biobank can support future disease modeling and therapeutic approaches.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIResource of 352 CIRM-funded genetically-diverse IPSC lines from patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
C_LIO_LIGenome/exome and brain images available for these genetically-diverse IPSC lines.
C_LIO_LIDerived human brain organoids (hBOs) show disease-specific histological and cellular phenotypes.
C_LIO_LIhBO phenotypes show unanticipated differentiation towards non-neuronal cell fates in NDDs.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sievert, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jetti, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meave, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadavilli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howarth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banka, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owusu-Hammond, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrows, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingsmore, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaki, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A phenotypic brain organoid atlas for neurodevelopmental disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Kidney Damage and Preserves Renal Function in Mouse Model of Chronic Kidney Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.08.674986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly disabling and potentially deadly condition for which there is no cure. With renal damage risk factors such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes on the rise, the prevalence of CKD is increasing worldwide. New therapeutic approaches to CKD management are thus warranted. Time-restricted feeding, a dietary intervention in which daily food intake is limited to a consistent time window, has shown benefits in the context of metabolic disease management. Boolean implication network model of human CKD gene expression data and data from mouse TRF kidney implied TRF could attenuate kidney injury from CKD. We tested the effect of TRF in mouse models of kidney damage under high-fat high-sucrose feeding to induce a metabolic-disease prone environment. Using gold standard pre-clinical models of renal fibrosis, we discovered that TRF protected from kidney damage and clinical features of CKD. At the molecular level, the effects of TRF were pleiotropic with benefits in pathways involved in renal inflammation, fibrosis, and ER stress. Importantly, our results also suggest that TRF can confer early protection from metabolic alterations implicated in kidney damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rey-Serra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tituana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannata, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaix, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.08.674986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Kidney Damage and Preserves Renal Function in Mouse Model of Chronic Kidney Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.676059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aberrant host mRNA partitioning in Ebola virus condensates driven by RNA folding perpetuates species-dependent interferon response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.676059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA viruses form membraneless condensates in host cells to drive replication, but whether these compartments also regulate host RNAs remains unclear. Using MERFISH-based subcellular transcriptomics, we quantified cellular mRNA recruitment into Ebola virus condensates under basal and IFN-stimulated states. In the basal state, cellular RNAs with minimally folded coding regions are selectively recruited. Under IFN-stimulation, however, interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) with structured 3'UTRs concentrate in viral condensates. Both features, minimally-folded coding regions and structured 3'UTRs, are conserved across negative-strand RNA viruses, supporting viral genome retention in condensates. For cellular mRNAs, however, partitioning into condensates escapes XrnI-mediated decay, prolongs RNA-half-life and amplifies ISG expression. This selective stabilization links condensate function to RNA regulation as a molecular determinant of viral and host evolution and disease pathogenesis. Fruit bats, which do not experience severe disease for many negative-strand viruses, instead have ISGs with reduced 3'UTR folding, and may evade condensate-sequestration, enabling balanced antiviral responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mah, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanner, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>te Velthuis, A. J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brangwynne, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saphire, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.13.676059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aberrant host mRNA partitioning in Ebola virus condensates driven by RNA folding perpetuates species-dependent interferon response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Mapping of Protein Interactions Underlying IL-2 Secretion in Human T Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein secretion plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis, yet the molecular interactions governing this process remain incompletely understood. While transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of protein expression is well characterized, the subcellular interactions between secreted proteins and trafficking machinery are less explored. To address this, we systematically mapped protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) from human T cells using proximity-based labeling coupled with mass spectrometry. Our analysis revealed significant enrichment of proteins associated with conventional secretory pathways, including ER-to-Golgi transport, protein folding, and vesicle-mediated trafficking. Functional validation confirmed that several of these proteins are critical for IL-2 secretion, underscoring their direct roles in cytokine processing. In addition, time-resolved profiling of PPIs and transcriptomic changes following T cell stimulation revealed dynamic remodeling of the cytokine secretion machinery, reflecting multilayered regulation at both the protein and gene expression levels. These findings offer a systems-level understanding of IL-2 secretion and identify new molecular components that can be targeted to modulate immune responses. This work provides a framework for dissecting complex secretory processes and has broad implications for therapeutic strategies in immune-related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocamora, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Mapping of Protein Interactions Underlying IL-2 Secretion in Human T Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the Contribution of Genome 3D Folding to Variation in Human Height Using Machine Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with complex traits, yet the majority lie in noncoding regions, making it difficult to determine their functional impact. Alterations to the three-dimensional (3D) spatial interactions among gene regulatory elements are increasingly recognized as a mechanism by which genetic variants influence gene expression. However, experimentally evaluating whether variants disrupt 3D-genome structure is not feasible at GWAS scale. To address this, we developed a computational framework that integrates GWAS summary statistics with predictions from the Akita sequence-based deep learning model of 3D chromatin contacts. We applied the framework to 9,917 genomic regions associated with human height, assessing both individual variants and haplotypes for their predicted impact on 3D genome architecture. Only a small fraction of height-associated haplotypes had substantial predicted disruption of 3D folding (17 regions, 0.17%, exceeded a disruption score of 0.1). Considering all common variants in a haplotype together generally produced greater perturbations than individual variants, but several highly divergent regions were driven by single variants. We highlight a variant that disrupts the binding motif at a confirmed CTCF binding site and is predicted to modify 3D genome contacts with the LCOR promoter, suggesting that 3D-genome-mediated disruption of gene regulation underlies the association with height. This work presents a scalable and interpretable strategy for integrating 3D genome modeling with GWAS, enabling investigation of this important regulatory mechanism in the connection of non-coding genetic variation to complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbertson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baranzini, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capra, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the Contribution of Genome 3D Folding to Variation in Human Height Using Machine Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revisiting daily growth and survival insights of Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) larvae in the eastern Indian Ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study analyzed the growth patterns and survival of Southern bluefin tuna (SBT, Thunnus maccoyii) larvae collected during January-February 2022 in their only known spawning area in the eastern Indian Ocean (IO). Otolith microstructure was examined to characterize both population-level and intra-population growth (OPT-optimal and DEF-deficient group), with special emphasis on the flexion process, as well as to provide insights into larval survival. SBT larvae began flexion at sizes and ages comparable to those reported in other bluefin tuna species. At the intra-population level, larvae reached flexion at the same age; however, optimal (OPT) larvae reached this stage in better physical condition, with greater length, weight, and body depth, likely increasing their chances of survival at later stages. The observed larval growth rates (0.38 mm{middle dot}d-{superscript 1}) exceeded those from a historical study in 1987 (0.33 mm{middle dot}d-{superscript 1}), likely due to a [~]2 {degrees}C increase in sea surface temperature and shifts in prey availability. Larval survival appears to depend on a selective process based on growth, in which only a small proportion of individuals (<2%) exhibited width increment in otoliths similar to those of surviving larvae, allowing for faster development and earlier access to larger prey. These findings highlight the need for expanded research on the early life stages of SBT, particularly in the context of ongoing ocean warming and climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borrego-Santos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quintanilla, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laiz-Carrion, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abascal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Die, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riveiro, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revisiting daily growth and survival insights of Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) larvae in the eastern Indian Ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
QSProteome: A Community-Driven Interactive Platform for Large-Scale Exploration and Evaluation of Predicted Protein Complex Structures. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.10.675416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
QSProteome (https://QSProteome.org) is a community-scale platform for modeling, evaluating, and refining quaternary protein structure. The resource hosts 35,528 unique modeled assemblies spanning over 42,000 genes, covering nearly all curated complexes in BioCyc and ComplexPortal databases. Each model is displayed on an interactive page with 3D visualization, chain-level confidence metrics, structural alignments, functional annotations, and automated stoichiometry checks against database expectations. A cloud-based server supports continuous user uploads and automated processing pipelines--enabling submission and validation of >54,000 models within 14 weeks. To promote iterative refinement, QSProteome includes a gamified re-curation workflow that transitions users from training modules into live curation, enabling the community-led assessment of 1,547 ABC transporter complexes. Together, these components form a dynamic, scalable infrastructure for proteome-scale structural biology. By unifying modeling, validation, and annotation in a reusable, searchable, and community-extensible framework, QSProteome enables proteome-scale structure accessibility and reuse--powering discovery, annotation, and collaborative refinement across the structural biology community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Catoiu, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kambo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vear, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akpata, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayoub, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tantry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anwyl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faucher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchal, L. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.10.675416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[QSProteome: A Community-Driven Interactive Platform for Large-Scale Exploration and Evaluation of Predicted Protein Complex Structures.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distributed and drifting signals for working memory load in human cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing working memory (WM) load incurs behavioral costs, and whether the neural constraints on behavioral costs are localized (i.e., emanating from the intraparietal sulcus) or distributed across cortex remains an active area of debate. In a pre-registered fMRI experiment, 12 humans (12 scanner-hours each) performed a visual WM task with varying memory load (0-4 items). We replicated a localized, load-dependent increase in univariate BOLD activity in parietal cortex. However, we also observed both systematic increases and decreases in univariate activity with load across the visual hierarchy. Importantly, multivariate activation patterns encoded WM load regardless of the direction of the univariate effect, arguing against a restricted locus of load signals in parietal cortex. Finally, we observed representational drift in activity patterns encoding memory load across scanning sessions. Our results suggest a distributed code for memory load that may be continually refined over time to support more efficient information storage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adam, K. C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.676305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distributed and drifting signals for working memory load in human cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methamphetamine and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) Intravenous Self-Administration in Female and Male Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundStimulant drug users vary in their substance of choice and may, in some cases, switch up their preferred substance based on availability, cost or other factors. Poly-substance use is rarely assessed in rodent models of drug seeking and this study determined if training drug alters the apparent reinforcing properties of methamphetamine (MA) and -pyrrolidinopentiophenone (-PVP).

MethodsFemale and male Wistar rats (N=8 per group) were trained in the intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of -PVP or MA. The impact of dose substitution (0.0125, 0.0250, 0.100, 0.300 mg/kg/infusion) for each training drug was then assessed in all groups under FR and Progressive Ratio schedules of reinforcement.

ResultsMale and female rats obtained similar numbers of infusions of MA (0.05 mg/kg/infusion) and of -PVP (0.05 mg/kg/infusion) during acquisition, however more infusions of -PVP than of MA were obtained by each sex. Mean lever discrimination ratios exceeded 80% on the drug-associated lever within 5 training sessions for -PVP groups but were not consistently at this level for either MA group. Drug potency was similar across groups but was less effective in the MA-trained males.

ConclusionsInterpretations of sex differences in the acquisition of drug IVSA require caution when dose is not varied across or within group. This study also further confirms that the apparent efficacy of a drug as a reinforcer depends at least partially on the behavioral antecedents, including the identity of the drug used for initial IVSA acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandewater, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methamphetamine and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) Intravenous Self-Administration in Female and Male Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ovarian Tumor FAK Inhibition Releases Omega-3 Fatty Acids Stimulating GATA6 Peritoneal Macrophage CXCL13 Production Enhancing Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the USA due to chemo- and immuno-therapy resistance. We show that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition with ifebemtinib or tumor genetic FAK knockout (KO) in syngeneic ovarian tumor models stimulated resident large peritoneal macrophages to express CXCL13 chemokine and promoted B cell infiltration. Macrophage GATA6 inactivation prevented CXCL13 expression and enhanced FAK-KO tumor growth. Combining ifebemtinib with pegylated doxorubicin chemotherapy and anti-TIGIT immune checkpoint antibody extended survival with tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structure formation. Mechanistically, FAK-KO heat-treated conditioned media contained exosomes enriched with omega-3 fatty acids which stimulated macrophage CXCL13 production. Ifebemtinib-treated tumors, FAK-KO exosomes, and purified eicosapentaenoic acid enhanced murine and human HGSOC-associated tumor macrophage reprogramming and CXCL13 expression. Overall, our studies define a tumor to macrophage signaling linkage via omega-3 exosome lipids supporting B cell recruitment, survival, immunotherapy enhancement, and actionable via small molecule FAK inhibition.

eTOC BlurbHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer remains difficult to treat due to therapy resistance. Chen et. al. reveal that tumor FAK inhibition educates macrophages to express CXCL13 associated with B cell infiltration - highlighting a new therapeutic pathway linking FAK inhibition, omega-3 fatty acid containing exosomes, and macrophage mediated anti-tumor activation.

Bullet pointsO_LIGenetic or small molecule FAK inhibition enhances ovarian tumor B cell infiltration
C_LIO_LITumor FAK inhibition stimulates GATA6+ macrophages to make CXCL13
C_LIO_LIFAKi, pegylated doxorubicin and anti-TIGIT promote tertiary lymphoid structures
C_LIO_LIOmega-3 fatty acids stimulate human HGSOC ascites macrophages to make CXCL13
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tharp, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ojalill, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozmadenci, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannen, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemkov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinolo, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penalosa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskander, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHale, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stupack, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaepfer, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ovarian Tumor FAK Inhibition Releases Omega-3 Fatty Acids Stimulating GATA6 Peritoneal Macrophage CXCL13 Production Enhancing Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.14.676153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic evaluation of the impact of promoter proximal short tandem repeats on expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.14.676153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic variation at thousands of short tandem repeats (STRs), which consist of consecutive repeated sequences of 1-6bp, has been statistically associated with gene expression and other molecular phenotypes in humans. However, the causality and regulatory mechanisms for most of these STRs remains unknown. Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA) enable testing the regulatory activity of a large number of synthesized variants, but have not been applied to STRs due to experimental and computational challenges. Here, we optimized an MPRA framework based on random barcoding to study the impact of variation in repeat copy number on expression. We first performed an MPRA on sequences derived from 30,516 promoter-proximal STR loci along with up to 152bp of genomic context, testing 3-4 variants with differing repeat copy numbers for each locus in HEK293T cells. We identified 1,366 loci with significant associations between repeat copy number and expression, which were enriched for positive effect sizes (P=2.08e-110). We then designed a second MPRA in which we performed deeper perturbations, including systematic manipulation of the repeat unit sequence, orientation, and copy number, with 200-300 perturbations for each of the 300 loci with the strongest signals. Our results revealed that the repeat unit sequence is the primary driver of differences in the relationship between copy number and expression across loci, whereas orientation and flanking sequence have weaker effects, primarily for AT-rich repeat units. The high resolution of these perturbations enabled us to detect non-linear effects, most notably for AAAC/GTTT repeats, which emerge only beyond a certain copy number threshold. Finally, we observed that a subset of STRs in our library show expression levels that are tightly linked with predicted DNA secondary structure formation. We repeated our perturbation MPRA in HeLa S3 cells under wildtype and RNase H1 knockdown conditions, which, via reduction in RNase H1 activity, are expected to hinder resolution of R-loops. This demonstrated that associations between copy number and expression at G-quadruplex-forming CCCCG/CGGGG repeats are particularly sensitive to loss of RNase H1, providing support for an R-loop mediated mechanism for these repeats. Altogether, we establish STRs as a critical component of the non-coding regulatory grammar and provide a framework for understanding how this dynamic form of genetic variation shapes gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lingzhi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modolo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksimov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shleizer-Burko, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendenhall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gymrek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.14.676153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation of the impact of promoter proximal short tandem repeats on expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.14.676161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transport of sphingolipids by yeast Npc2 supports phase separation of the vacuole membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.14.676161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The yeast vacuole membrane forms ordered microdomains that facilitate micro-lipophagy under nutrient limitation. We previously found that this process involves the intracellular sorting of sphingolipids to the vacuole. While multiple vacuole protein pathways have been identified, corresponding mechanisms for lipid sorting remain undefined. Here we use a range of approaches to identify how endocytic sorting and intraluminal transport of sphingolipids contribute to the formation of vacuole domains. To visualize sphingolipid trafficking, we employed the ceramide analogue BODIPY C12-ceramide (BODIPY-Cer), which is internalized by cells and stains the vacuole. We observed that cells lacking Vps29 and Vps30, proteins involved in endosomal sorting, show altered vacuole domains and accumulate BODIPY-Cer at sites proximal to the plasma membrane. Subsequent incorporation of endocytic-derived ceramide into the vacuole is dependent on the Niemann-Pick Type C 2 protein (Npc2). Loss of Npc2 reduces domain formation and causes BODIPY-Cer to accumulate within the vacuole lumen. Both intra-vacuole trafficking of BODIPY-Cer and membrane phase separation were not dependent on Npc2s canonical receptor, Ncr1. Lipidomics of isolated vacuoles confirmed that Npc2 independently mediates sphingolipid sorting under micro-lipophagy conditions. In liposome assays, Npc2 robustly transports analogues of ceramide and inositol phosphorylceramide, a complex sphingolipid that is enriched in phase-separated vacuoles. We propose that the enlarged binding cavity of yeast Npc2 is specialized for the incorporation of sphingolipids into the vacuole membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipp, N.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juarez-Contreras, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.14.676161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transport of sphingolipids by yeast Npc2 supports phase separation of the vacuole membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The DREAM complex links somatic mutation, lifespan, and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The DREAM complex has emerged as a central repressor of DNA repair, raising questions as to whether such repression exerts long-term effects on human health. Here we establish that DREAM activity significantly impacts lifetime somatic mutation burden, and that such effects are linked to altered lifespan and age-related disease pathology. First, joint profiling of DREAM activity and somatic mutations across a single-cell atlas of 21 mouse tissues shows that cellular niches with lower DREAM activity have decreased mutation rates. Second, DREAM activity predicts the varied lifespans observed across 92 mammals, with low activity marking longer-lived species. Third, reduced DREAM activity in Alzheimers patients predicts late disease onset and decreased risk for severe neuropathology. Finally, we show DREAM knockout protects against mutation accumulation in vivo, reducing single-base substitutions by 4.2% and insertion/deletions by 19.6% in brains of mice. These findings position DREAM as a key regulator of aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koch, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bujarrabal-Dueso, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saeed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perampalam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ideker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.676396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The DREAM complex links somatic mutation, lifespan, and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploiting TGF-β-mediated Stromal Programming in Homologous Recombination-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor microenvironment (TME) actively contributes to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) pathogenesis through dynamic bidirectional tumor-stroma interactions. Here, we demonstrate that homologous recombination-defective (HRD) tumor epithelium reprograms the TME in a genotype-specific manner to enhance cancer aggressiveness. Using genetically engineered mouse models, pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) co-culture systems, single-nucleus multiomics, and human PDAC models, we show that tumoral loss of ATM serine/threonine kinase drives CAFs toward SMA+ myofibroblastic differentiation, independently of P53 status. These myCAFs, in turn, promote cancer aggressiveness and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, ATM deficiency increases reactive oxygen species and contractility signaling, enhancing TGF-{beta}1 secretion. Pharmacological TGF-{beta} inhibition reverses myCAF differentiation, sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy, and impairs tumor progression in both murine and human ATM-null models. Our findings reveal that ATM-deficient tumors shape a cancer-promoting niche via TGF-{beta} signaling and identify dual targeting of intrinsic and extrinsic vulnerabilities as a promising precision oncology strategy.

SIGNIFICANCEHRD pancreatic cancers reprogram the tumor microenvironment in a genotype-specific manner through TGF-{beta}-driven myCAF-enrichment. Targeting this stromal axis alongside platinum-based chemotherapy improves therapeutic efficacy in ATM-deficient models. These findings highlight the need to integrate epithelial genotype and stromal context for truly personalized treatment strategies in PDAC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mummey, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Härle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moubri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutel, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ekizce, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melzer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Härle, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engleitner, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morawe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naggay, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilberg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosler, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschenberger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunszinger, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluck, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volckmar, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhamdani, M. S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoheisel, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Löhr, J.- M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seufferlein, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abaei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemkemer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budczies, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulaw, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermann, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hänle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparrer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halbrook, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinestel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stenzinge</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploiting TGF-β-mediated Stromal Programming in Homologous Recombination-Deficient Pancreatic Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resting-State fMRI and the Risk of Overinterpretation: Noise, Mechanisms, and a Missing Rosetta Stone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resting-state fMRI is widely used to describe spontaneous neural activity via correlation-based synchronization measures (e.g., seed-based or network "connectivity", as well as principal and independent component analyses), yet it faces two fundamental obstacles: pervasive non-neural noise and the absence of a definitive "Rosetta Stone" linking the measured BOLD signals to underlying neural events. Although "correlation does not imply causation" has become a cliche, leveraging correlations effectively--and understanding their inferential pitfalls--remains a nuanced challenge. Correlation-based analyses are typically not able to yield causal conclusions, yet they are frequently used to underpin causal narratives in neuroscience research and especially in clinical contexts, which represent a problematic case of overinterpretation.

Using causal inference reasoning, simulations and analytic methods, we address three critical questions when performing resting-state fMRI:

O_LIHow reliable are correlation estimates for capturing cross-regional synchrony?
C_LIO_LIWhat are the consequences of inaccuracies in estimated correlations?
C_LIO_LITo what extent do estimated correlations reflect causal neural interactions?
C_LI

We identify two principal pitfalls. First, correlation estimates are systematically distorted, at both the neural and hemodynamic response levels, by diverse noise sources, including variability in neurovascular coupling, producing spurious, suppressed, or even reversed effects. Second, graph-based approaches lack causal interpretability (in the standard counterfactual definition), meaning that even large samples and strong statistical evidence may obscure fundamental ambiguities in what the correlations represent. These underlying interpretational challenges extend to other noninvasive modalities that also utilize correlation-based analyses, such as EEG, MEG, and fNIRS. In light of these challenges, we advocate for three priorities: (1) cautious interpretation that avoids causal overreach, (2) multimodal validation to cross-check findings against independent measures, and (3) enhanced methodological rigor, particularly in biomarker discovery and clinical trials, to ensure that resting-state fMRI provides meaningful insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kording, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faskowitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandettini, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resting-State fMRI and the Risk of Overinterpretation: Noise, Mechanisms, and a Missing Rosetta Stone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RobPicker: A Meta Learning Framework for Robust Identification of Macromolecules in Cryo-Electron Tomograms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate particle picking of macromolecules of all kinds, shapes, and sizes in cryogenic electron tomograms (cryo-ET) is critical for understanding the molecular architecture of biological systems in their native state. Current deep learning methods have shown potential in identifying macromolecules from tomograms, but they are vulnerable to issues of noise in the training dataset obtained through human or automatic labeling and imbalanced distribution of macromolecule species. To address these limitations, we developed RobPicker, a meta-learning framework that effectively mitigates these issues by automatically learning deep neural networks to correct label errors and give greater emphasis to underrepresented macromolecule species. In evaluations across diverse cryo-ET datasets with noisy labels and imbalanced species distributions, RobPicker substantially outperforms state-of-the-art methods, particularly in identifying small and rare macromolecules. The efficiency and robustness of RobPicker can also be used for rapid fine-tuning of the tilt-series alignment, leading to improved tomogram reconstruction and enabling high-resolution cellular structural biology analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hosseini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RobPicker: A Meta Learning Framework for Robust Identification of Macromolecules in Cryo-Electron Tomograms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age associations with cortical and subcortical brain structure in adolescents age 9-17 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAdolescence is a pivotal period in brain structural development and maturation. However, investigation of cortical and subcortical brain changes during this time have been limited by small sample size and have generally examined the brain at the level of predetermined regions of interest. The recently developed Fast Efficient Mixed-Effects Algorithm (FEMA) allows for increased computational speed using mixed-effects models applied at the voxel or vertex level, as well as across multiple regions of interest.

MethodsWe extended the existing FEMA framework to represent predictors using natural spline basis functions, enabling us to model nonlinear trajectories of brain structure as a function of age. We then applied this model to the The Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (22,651 observations from 10,521 unique subjects aged 9.00-17.77) to study the age-related trajectories of tabulated cortical and subcortical volumes, vertexwise cortical thickness and surface area, and voxelwise volume assessed using the Jacobian. Models are reported separately in males and females.

ResultsGlobal volume variables, including total subcortical gray matter volume, peaked near 13 years in females and 15 years in males. Vertexwise cortical surface area followed an inverted U-shaped curve, whereas vertexwise cortical thickness followed a monotonic decrease during the age range studied. Voxelwise imaging analysis revealed regional differences in age trajectories at the subregional level.

DiscussionThe results of this work replicate and extend prior findings related to adolescent brain development, and illustrate distinct spatiotemporal patterns of structural changes in subcortical regions. The updated FEMA framework is publicly available for use in similar large datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age associations with cortical and subcortical brain structure in adolescents age 9-17]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Transcriptomic Responses in Escherichia coli During Early Antibiotic Exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The earliest responses of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics can affect the outcome of an infection. While long-term adaptations have been extensively studied, the immediate transcriptional changes that unfold immediately following antibiotic exposure remain poorly understood. Here, we applied iModulon analysis to time-resolved transcriptomic data from Escherichia coli exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of two antibiotics (ampicillin and ciprofloxacin), capturing transcriptional regulatory changes occurring within the first 30 minutes of exposure. This analysis reveals an integrated, three-phase response: an immediate and sustained primary response that broadly activates stress programs, a transient secondary response that restores redox balance, and a tertiary response that supports long-term survival through metabolic remodeling and antibiotic-specific defenses. These results highlight a coordinated and dynamic regulatory strategy describing how metabolic, redox, and stress responses are integrated to manage the physiological challenges of antibiotic stress. By disentangling these overlapping transcriptional regulatory programs, this work offers a genome-scale understanding of how survival mechanisms unfold during the critical moments following antibiotic exposure. The study opens new directions for investigating early survival mechanisms and the possible identification of new targets to disrupt the initial adaptation process.

ImportanceInitial bacterial responses to antibiotics are important for survival and can influence the development of tolerance and resistance. Yet this period remains poorly understood, in part because the transcriptional responses that unfold within minutes of antibiotic exposure are complex and difficult to interpret. In this study, we applied novel data generation and data analytics approaches to untangle the complexity of the initial response of Escherichia coliI to two antibiotics. We reveal a three-phase process that explains how E. coli coordinates stress responses, maintains redox homeostasis, and establishes longer-term defenses. The novel transcriptomic analytics elucidate independently regulated sets of genes that constitute cellular processes. By identifying all such cellular processes that react over the initial time scale, we can deconvolute the response based on first principles of cellular physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefner, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szubin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Transcriptomic Responses in Escherichia coli During Early Antibiotic Exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of multiple per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using a biological brain-based gas sensor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds that bioaccumulate in environments. Current PFAS detection technologies encounter difficulty in detecting trace concentrations and require complex data processing, limiting their on-site applicability. By leveraging biological chemical sensing systems (insect olfaction) we can detect broad ranges of PFAS. Insects advanced combinatorial coding mechanism at the level of olfactory sensory neurons enables highly sensitive and specific odor detection. Here, we harness the locust olfactory system to differentiate several PFAS. In-vivo extracellular neural recordings displayed unique odor-evoked responses for multiple PFAS at environmental concentrations. Using population neuronal response, we classified multiple PFAS with an average 87% accuracy. Machine learning algorithms incorporated separate training and testing datasets, reaching a 61% accuracy. Overall, our study demonstrates the first biological olfaction based broad PFAS detection system.

Structured AbstractO_ST_ABSIntroductionC_ST_ABSPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a significant environmental threat due to their widespread presence in consumer waste and resistance to degradation. These "forever chemicals" persist in various ecosystems and exhibit bio accumulative behavior. Increased human exposure to PFAS has been linked to numerous health issues. Despite their growing relevance, current detection methods often lack the sensitivity and efficiency needed for comprehensive environmental monitoring and are unable to simultaneously detect multiple PFAS at environmental concentrations.

RationaleThe locust (Schistocerca americana) possesses a highly developed olfactory system that has been extensively studied and is accessible for physiological recordings across multiple brain regions. Utilizing olfactory receptor neurons and combinatorial coding strategies, locusts can generate distinct neural fingerprints for trillions of odorants across a wide range of concentrations. Through spatiotemporal neural coding at the antennal lobe (AL) neurons, they can detect chemicals at parts per trillion levels, functioning as a biological chemical sensor with exceptional sensitivity and broad specificity. In this study, we aimed to directly harness the locusts olfactory neural circuitry to develop a next-generation, brain-based cyborg sensor capable of (1) simultaneously identifying multiple PFAS and (2) determining their concentration ranges, addressing key limitations of existing detection technologies with the integration of machine learning algorithms.

ResultsIn-vivo extracellular neural recordings from the locust AL revealed that individual neurons exhibited distinct response profiles to different PFAS and their varying concentrations, indicating that neuronal activity if modulated by both chemical identity and concentration. By incorporating both spatial and temporal dimensions of neural activity, the recorded neuronal populations produced unique and reproducible response patterns corresponding to specific PFAS and concentration levels. Using this approach, the cyborg sensor demonstrated an overall detection accuracy of 87% across a panel of seven PFAS, with high sensitivity and specificity for both individual analytes and broader chemical groupings. Notably, classification of PFAS concentration ranges down to parts per trillion achieved 84% accuracy, with PFOS concentrations reaching 100% detection rate. A machine learning algorithm trained on high concentration data and tested on low concentration data achieved a 61% accuracy. These results underscore the potential of biologically integrated cyborg sensors for real-time, high-resolution environmental monitoring of several PFAS.

ConclusionThis study demonstrates, for the first time, the locust olfactory neural network harnessed as a highly effective cyborg sensor for detecting and classifying various PFAS across concentration ranges. This sensor can accurately distinguish between multiple PFAS and controls with high sensitivity and specificity. Through combinatorial coding and spatiotemporal neural dynamics, the locust neural computation encodes distinct activity patterns in response to PFAS and their concentrations. These neural signatures serve as unique "fingerprints" for individual PFAS and concentrations, enabling precise identification. In-vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed clear, compound-specific differences in neural activity, with high classification accuracy. Real-time and machine learning analysis further addressed key limitations of conventional PFAS sensors. This novel approach represents a significant step toward the development of compact, real-time, brain-based PFAS detection sensor capable of discriminating multiple compounds and concentrations simultaneously.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLane-Svoboda, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLane-Svoboda, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stout, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of multiple per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using a biological brain-based gas sensor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of 6-methyl nicotine in middle aged female rats with a history of nicotine vapor self-administration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.15.676338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleThe nicotine analog 6-methyl nicotine (6-MN) has recently appeared in non-tobacco nicotine delivery products, including oral pouches and e-cigarette liquids, in an apparent ploy to evade regulation of nicotine by the United States Food and Drug Administration or other public health agencies. Unfortunately, only minimal scientific information on the effects of 6-MN is available.

ObjectiveTo determine the extent to which 6-MN produces nicotine-like effects on body temperature, wheel activity and nociception in laboratory rodents.

MethodsMiddle-aged (starting at Post Natal Day 425) female Wistar rats were evaluated for rectal temperature, voluntary wheel activity, and nociceptive responses (warm water tail-withdrawal) to subcutaneous injection of nicotine (0.0, 0.8 mg/kg) or 6-methyl nicotine (6-MN; 0.0, 0.4, 0.8 mg/kg). Temperature and nociceptive responses to vapor inhalation of 6-MN [0-30 mg/mL in the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle] were assessed. Finally, the self-administration of 6-MN vapor was compared with nicotine vapor self-administration.

Results6-MN decreased rectal temperature, suppressed wheel activity and induced modest nociceptive effects. The magnitude of the effect of 0.8 mg/kg 6-MN and 0.8 mg/kg nicotine were similar across all three assays. Vapor self-administration of 6-MN and nicotine was likewise comparable at a 10 mg/mL concentration.

Conclusion6-MN administered by injection or by vapor inhalation produces behavioral and physiological effects that are very similar to those produced by nicotine in rats. It is therefore likely that detrimental health effects of 6-MN will be quite similar to those established for nicotine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taffe, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coons, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandewater, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.676338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of 6-methyl nicotine in middle aged female rats with a history of nicotine vapor self-administration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phytoplankton community structure and photophysiological strategies in the oligotrophic Indian Ocean spawning ground of Southern Bluefin Tuna 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Argo Basin, a persistently oligotrophic seascape downstream of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), is the only known spawning ground of Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). Its surface waters are capped by the warm, low saline, nitrate-depleted Pacific Ocean outflow, that leads to intense water-column stratification and chronic nutrient scarcity. During the BLOOFINZ campaign (R/V Roger Revelle, January-March 2022), we combined high-resolution underway surveys with Lagrangian experiments to examine hydrography, nutrient stoichiometry, and phytoplankton photophysiology across the basin. This study was motivated by the need to: 1) identify the phytoplankton communities capable of persisting in this nutrient-impoverished region, and 2) uncover the unique photophysiological traits that underpin their survival and growth, particularly under acute nitrate limitation. Nutrient fields revealed strongly negative N*, positive Si*, and elevated Si:P ratios, indicating a system of acute nitrate scarcity but with residual phosphate and latent silicate availability. Phytoplankton communities were dominated by the cyanobacteria, Prochlorococcus, whose survival strategies included small functional absorption cross section of PSII ({sigma}PSII), enhanced PSII connectivity (p), highly elastic and reversible diel photophysiology that balanced high-light stress and nitrogen scarcity. Longer turnover times especially {tau}2 ({micro}s; PSII-PSI electron transport) seen in the region around 115{degrees} and 120{degrees}E and at 15{degrees}S, and during Cycles 3 and 4 are indicative of populations that were being stressed by Fe limitation as well. Our inference of Prochlorococcus is supported by complimentary measurements of flow cytometry, phytoplankton pigment composition and microscopy all of which confirmed the dominance of Prochlorococcus in these nutrient impoverished waters. Our observations further indicate that mesoscale eddies generated by ITF-SICC (South Indian Counter Current) interactions, can episodically shoal the nutricline, triggering transient pulses of larger eukaryotes. Collectively, these results demonstrate how acute nitrate depletion, compounded by Fe stress, structures a microbial community finely tuned to oligotrophy and capable of sustaining a short food chain involving appendicularians that directly support larval tuna. The Argo Basin therefore exemplifies how circulation-nutrient coupling shapes microbial communities and ecosystem function within a globally significant spawning habitat.

Highlights1) Chronic nitrate limitation, with strongly negative N* and persistent N:P imbalance defines the Argo Basin while phosphate and silicate remain in relative excess.
2) Picocyanobacteria especially Prochlorococcus dominate the ecosystem, sustaining productivity under extreme oligotrophy through photophysiological strategies of reduced {sigma}PSII, enhanced PSII connectivity, and diel recovery from light stress.
3) Mesoscale eddies at the ITF-SICC front provide episodic relief, shoaling the nutricline and fueling transient pulses of larger phytoplankton that episodically reshape phytoplankton community structure and biomass
4) This oligotrophic-frontal seascape supports a short, efficient food web, enabling transfer of picophytoplankton to Southern Bluefin Tuna larvae via mainly appendicularians.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomes, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirkey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phytoplankton community structure and photophysiological strategies in the oligotrophic Indian Ocean spawning ground of Southern Bluefin Tuna]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.676891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human milk components interact with infant genomics to modulate gut microbiota, childhood asthma and atopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.676891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The benefits of breastfeeding are well established; however, the mechanisms by which human milk components (HMCs) impact childrens long-term health remain poorly understood. We leveraged datasets from the CHILD Cohort Study to explore how exposure to variable HMCs-- including oligosaccharides (HMOs), fatty acids (HMFAs), and microbiota (HMM)--may influence infants gut microbiota and risk of childhood asthma and atopy. We identified HMCs (e.g., HMO lacto-N-fucopentaose III and HMFA linoleic acid) associated with gut microbes and microbial networks implicated in atopic diseases. Additionally, we determined that HMCs (e.g., HMM Pseudomonas oryzihabitans) interact with infants polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to influence these gut microbial features. Integration of HMCs, gut microbiota, and disease-associated PRSs into an unsupervised machine-learning model that clustered two groups of infants with differing disease prevalence. Our findings suggest that HMCs influence childhood asthma and atopy through modifications to the gut microbiota and modulated by interactions with infant genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stickley, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambalavanan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, D. L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moossavi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miliku, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bode, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mandhane, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simons, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moraes, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surette, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azad, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turvey, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subbarao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.676891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human milk components interact with infant genomics to modulate gut microbiota, childhood asthma and atopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complete diploid human genome benchmark for personalized genomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human genome resequencing typically involves mapping reads to a reference genome to call variants; however, this approach suffers from both technical and reference biases, leaving many duplicated and structurally polymorphic regions of the genome unmapped. Consequently, existing variant benchmarks, generated by the same methods, fail to assess these complex regions. To address this limitation, we present a telomere-to-telomere genome benchmark that achieves near-perfect accuracy (i.e. no detectable errors) across 99.4% of the complete, diploid HG002 genome. This benchmark adds 701.4 Mb of autosomal sequence and both sex chromosomes (216.8 Mb), totaling 15.3% of the genome that was absent from prior benchmarks. We also provide a diploid annotation of genes, transposable elements, segmental duplications, and satellite repeats, including 39,144 protein-coding genes across both haplotypes. To facilitate application of the benchmark, we developed tools for measuring the accuracy of sequencing reads, phased variant call sets, and genome assemblies against a diploid reference. Genome-wide analyses show that state-of-the-art de novo assembly methods resolve 2-7% more sequence and outperform variant calling accuracy by an order of magnitude, yielding just one error per 100 kb across 99.9% of the benchmark regions. Adoption of genome-based benchmarking is expected to accelerate the development of cost-effective methods for complete genome sequencing, expanding the reach of genomic medicine to the entire genome and enabling a new era of personalized genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwarshuis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loucks, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollger, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antipov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohaczuk, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carioscia, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleharty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarracino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenike, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalleberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipovac, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastoras, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oshima, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulin, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickett, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porubsky, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranchalis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranjan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rautiainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riethm</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complete diploid human genome benchmark for personalized genomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigation of Double-Stranded DNA Donors and CRISPR-Cas9 RNP for Universal Correction of Mutations Causing Cystic Fibrosis in Human Airway Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a devastating genetic disease caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. As morbidity and mortality from CF results from a lack of mucus clearance that leads to chronic bacterial infections and progressive loss of lung function, site-specific insertion of a CFTR cDNA into the endogenous CFTR locus in airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) could prove curative for all disease-causing mutations. This study describes the development of nonviral genome editing reagents, designed to be packaged into nonviral delivery systems. An sgRNA targeting the 5 untranslated region of CFTR was characterized as directing high on-target cutting and displaying a safe off-target profile. Airway cell lines electroporated with chemically-modified (1-Aminohexane - AmC6), linear double-stranded DNA (ldsDNA) constructs were utilized as an Homology Directed Repair (HDR) donor, initially optimized with an mCitrine reporter. Expectedly, when the 780bp mCitrine cDNA was replaced with the 4.4kb CFTR cDNA, integration efficiency dropped significantly. However, 1-2% integration of codon optimized donors was sufficient to restore CFTR expression in the bulk edited population of human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o- (16HBE), to levels reaching 50% of wildtype expression as measured by Western Blot. Electrophysiological validation of CFTR ion channel function measured via Ussing Chamber Assay revealed that these bulk edited populations exhibit greater than 40% restoration of the chloride ion currents of the measured wildtype controls. These results demonstrate that low levels of CFTR integration can be made therapeutically relevant by optimizing the designs of gene editing reagents. Importantly, this work utilizes nonviral editing reagents, an essential step towards in vivo gene therapy for CF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sinha, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayoub, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juett, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lathrop, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foley, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duggan, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Illek, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomperts, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonas, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohn, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigation of Double-Stranded DNA Donors and CRISPR-Cas9 RNP for Universal Correction of Mutations Causing Cystic Fibrosis in Human Airway Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D multi-omic mapping of whole nondiseased human fallopian tubes at cellular resolution reveals a large incidence of ovarian cancer precursors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uncovering the spatial and molecular landscape of precancerous lesions is essential for developing meaningful cancer prevention and early detection strategies. High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, often originates from Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinomas (STICs) in the fallopian tubes, yet their minute size and our historical reliance on standard 2D histology contribute to their underreporting. Here, we present a spatially resolved, multi-omics framework that integrates whole-organ 3D imaging at cellular resolution with targeted proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic profiling to detect and characterize microscopic tubal lesions. Using this platform, we identified a total of 99 STICs and their presumed precursors that harbor TP53 mutations in morphologically unremarkable tubal epithelium in all five specimens obtained from cancer-free organ donors with average-risk of developing ovarian cancer. Although these lesions comprised only 0.2% of the epithelial compartment, they displayed geographic diversity, immune exclusion, metabolic rewiring, and DNA copy number changes among lesions and normal fallopian tube epithelium discovered alterations in STIC-associated genes and the pathways they control. In sum, this platform provides a comprehensive 3D atlas of early neoplastic transformation, yielding mechanistic insights into tumor initiation and informing clinical screening strategies for detecting cancer precursors in whole organs at cellular resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Forjaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queiroga, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsapatsis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bea, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O Flynn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gensbigler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blecher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagohara, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwicker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiemen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirtz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D multi-omic mapping of whole nondiseased human fallopian tubes at cellular resolution reveals a large incidence of ovarian cancer precursors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational method for mapping mass signatures along developmental gradients reveals a novel role for a monosaccharide tetrose in maize salt-stress response. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic processes are essential for regulating and maintaining developmental transitions, from stem cell quiescence through differentiation. However, the distinct metabolite-driven mechanisms that are critical for development remain poorly characterized due to inherent challenges in measuring their production, localization, and function in situ. We employed desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to map metabolites in the developing maize root, which has a well-characterized longitudinal gradient that encompasses developmental transitions from quiescence through proliferation and maturation. DESI-MSI enables in situ analysis of the chemical composition of tissue sections with high spatial resolution ([~]50-100 {micro}m). To identify metabolites with specific developmental enrichment patterns, we developed a computational approach called Developmental Imaging Mass Spectrometry Pipeline for Linear Evaluation (DIMPLE). DIMPLE processes mass signatures along linear gradients, generating clusters of metabolites with specific developmental enrichment patterns in the maize root. We employed this method to compare developmental enrichment of metabolites in a salt-resilient maize variety, Oaxacan Green, and a salt-susceptible variety, B73. DIMPLE identifies specific differences in the mass signatures and the overall enrichment patterns between these varieties. DIMPLE also revealed a metabolite, D-erythrose, that had different localization patterns in these varieties. We found that in salt-sensitive maize varieties, treatment with D-erythrose improves stress tolerance by increasing primary root length. Overall, DIMPLE enables comprehensive and rapid analysis of metabolite patterns along a linear gradient, revealing new biology in plant growth and stress response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sama, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahill, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripka, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noll, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zare, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dickinson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational method for mapping mass signatures along developmental gradients reveals a novel role for a monosaccharide tetrose in maize salt-stress response.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal detection of social actions directs collective escape behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals in groups obtain information from their social partners to engage in collective behavior1-4. Social information transmission has been observed amongst individuals in fish schools5-8, bird flocks9,10, and human groups11,12, but the neural mechanisms for detecting socially transmitted information are poorly understood4,13-15. By studying the schooling glassfish Danionella cerebrum16-18, here we demonstrate that escape from danger is enhanced by visual perception of other escaping fish. We found that neural populations in the midbrain optic tectum19-21 and dorsal thalamus22,23 are activated by the rapid escape of social partners. These neurons are also driven by the sudden disappearance of virtual social partners, yet unaffected by disappearing stimuli without social relevance. Virtual fish schools that escape or disappear were sufficient to cause observers to escape, even in the absence of direct threats. These results demonstrate that rapid "social-off" detection in visual circuits enables the detection of socially transmitted threat information, which may be a particularly effective strategy for animals capable of rapid movement but limited visual range17,24. These results show how neural computations in individuals enables rapid information sharing in animal collectives4,15.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyerhof, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napoli, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovett-Barron, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal detection of social actions directs collective escape behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic stress facilitates behavioral engagement and alters lateral habenula activity during flexible decision making in a sex-dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to integrate feedback and flexibly adjust behavior under shifting environmental demands is required to optimize decision-making strategies. Clinical and preclinical data indicate that individuals with stress-related disorders and rodents exposed to chronic stress exhibit impaired behavioral flexibility. The lateral habenula (LHb) has emerged as a key brain region contributing to the effects of stress on cognitive performance. However, the extent to which the LHb is recruited to fine-tune decision-making strategies, as well as the impacts of chronic stress on LHb recruitment during task performance, remain largely unknown. To this end, we used a three-week model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and performed in vivo fiber photometry to investigate Ca2+ transients in LHb neurons during an attentional set-shifting task in adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats (n=7-12/sex/group). We found that CUS exposure did not significantly impair behavioral flexibility. Rather, CUS-exposed rats made fewer omissions and exhibited shorter response latencies compared to controls, suggesting enhanced task engagement. We also observed sex differences in LHb Ca2+ activity. In control animals, we found that male rats showed stronger LHb signal prior to decision making, and greater activation following trial outcome than females. These differences were normalized by CUS, resulting in similar signaling patterns across sexes. Altogether, these findings reveal that chronic stress alters LHb activity in a sex-dependent manner without overtly impairing behavioral flexibility, thereby underscoring the importance of the LHb in decision making under stressful conditions.

HighlightsO_LIChronic stress decreased response latency without impairing behavioral flexibility
C_LIO_LIMale rats displayed greater inhibition of LHb activity prior to decision making
C_LIO_LIChronic stress abolished sex differences in LHb activity during decision making
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wright, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, Z. D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westbrook, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abeshima, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannotti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic stress facilitates behavioral engagement and alters lateral habenula activity during flexible decision making in a sex-dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.25.676695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Central carbon metabolism switching in lytic versus temperate coral reef viral communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.25.676695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coral reefs are declining globally due in part to bacterial overgrowth, a process known as microbialization. However, the role of bacteriophages that may inhibit microbialization by infecting and killing these bacteria remains poorly understood, especially their metabolic impacts on bacterial proliferation. To address this, we analyzed central carbon metabolism gene frequencies in viral communities from healthy (lytic-dominated) and degraded (temperate-dominated) Central Pacific coral reefs. We found that viral metabolism shifted broadly from being dominated by metabolism that builds up pools of central intermediates on degraded reefs dominated by temperate viral infection ( anaplerotic reactions) to metabolism that consumes these pools to prioritize production of metabolic precursors for virion construction on healthy reefs dominated by lytic infection ( cataplerotic reactions). This switch was shown by the over-representation of Entner-Doudoroff (ED) glycolysis genes on degraded, temperate-dominated reefs and of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) genes on healthy, lytic-dominated reefs. As a result of this metabolic dichotomy, our qualitative compartment modeling revealed two distinct ecosystem states: (i) healthy reefs, where lytic viral metabolism enhances viral production and suppresses bacterial overgrowth, and (ii) degraded reefs, where temperate viral metabolism accelerates bacterial proliferation. Because viral switching between lytic and temperate lifestyles is a known function of host physiological state, these findings position viral metabolism as both a driver of reef decline and a conservation lever, with metabolically mediated  re-viralization offering a novel strategy to restore reef resilience.

SignificanceCoral reefs are collapsing worldwide, exacerbated by "microbialization," where algae-fueled bacteria overgrow corals. Viruses that infect these bacteria can suppress this process through lysis, but on degraded reefs they often switch to nonlethal temperate lifestyles, accelerating decline. Here we show that similar shifts occur in virus-encoded metabolism. On healthy reefs, lytic viruses carry genes that drain host metabolites to fuel virus production, which likely enhances infection and lysis rates and limits bacterial overgrowth. On degraded reefs, temperate viruses encode reactions that expand host metabolite pools, supporting bacterial proliferation. Thus, viral metabolism can either reinforce reef resilience or exacerbate collapse, making it a hidden driver of ecosystem fate and a potential target for conservation strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umunna, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brainard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falta, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorham, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grasis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halsey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hester, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatas, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segnitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serota, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahwan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wegley Kelly, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodward, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zgliczynski, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohwer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knowles, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.25.676695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Central carbon metabolism switching in lytic versus temperate coral reef viral communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.26.678884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flexible Working Memory in the Peripheral Nervous System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.26.678884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory (WM) representations that are distributed across the brain can be flexibly recruited to best guide behavior1-4. For instance, information may be represented relatively more strongly in visual cortex when a WM task requires fine visual detail, or more strongly in motor cortex when a specific response can be prepared5-10. If WM is geared to prospectively guide actions, then we might also expect such task-oriented neural signals to propagate to the peripheral sensors and effectors that realize WM goals. Likewise, there is now evidence that oculomotor signals like saccade biases can track simple visuo-spatial WM features11,12. However, it is unclear if such signatures are functionally meaningful, and how much information is contained in them. Here, we test the idea that WM content is adaptively distributed across the nervous system according to behavioral demands. Namely, we test whether visual WM stimulus features are expressed in patterns of both eye and hand movements during a WM delay, and whether the distribution of such peripheral motor activity shifts with the task context. In a delayed recall task, we manipulated how human participants reported their memory by having them either draw a line or adjust a wheel to match a remembered orientation. Via eye- and stylus-tracking, we found that remembered orientations were decodable from small inflections in both gaze and hand movements during the blank WM delay. Moreover, this decoding strength varied by response format: gaze patterns tracked memorized features relatively better in the wheel condition (vs. draw), while hand movements were better in the draw condition (vs. wheel). Individuals who showed greater wheel benefits in gaze-based decoding also showed greater draw benefits in hand-based decoding, suggesting a strategic processing shift to the more relevant system. Therefore, visually encoded WM contents may be adaptively allocated to the most task-relevant motor effectors, balancing WM representations across peripheral activity according to behavioral needs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyonaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.26.678884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flexible Working Memory in the Peripheral Nervous System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.674468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human dorsal root ganglia neuronal cell line to study nociceptive signaling: a new pipeline for pain therapy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.674468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nociceptive afferent neurons within the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) detect and relay painful stimuli from the periphery to the brain, and the malfunctioning of this process leads to sustained pain states. Animal model studies have been invaluable for demonstrating the importance of the DRG nociceptor in pain sensation and the development of related analgesic targets. However, there are functional biological differences between human and animal model nociceptors. Therefore, a complementary in vitro model of human nociception is critical to confirming the relevance of preclinical findings for therapeutic drug development. We characterized the nociceptive properties of differentiated cells from the human DRG-derived immortalized cell line HD10.6. Within differentiated HD10.6 cells, we documented the abundance and localization of nociceptive machinery central to regulating excitability and linked with pain sensation including ion channels TRPV1 and NaV1.7 and afferent peptides CGRP and Substance P. Using calcium influx imaging assays, we confirmed the electrical functionality of TRPV1 and NaV1.7 in HD10.6 cells, and through whole-cell patch clamp, we found similar baseline electrophysiological parameters of HD10.6 cells to those previously observed in human patient DRGs. Further, we found that differentiated HD10.6 cells express the mu opioid receptor 1 protein, and DAMGO, a mu agonist, blocks depolarization-evoked calcium influx in a naloxone-reversible fashion. Importantly, using an inflammatory cocktail, excitation and peripheral sensitization are induced within HD10.6 cells, mirroring nociceptors in a pain state during or after tissue damage or inflammation. Finally, HD10.6 cells were also cultured into dual-chambered microfluidic devices to mirror the biological anatomy of the nociceptor. Within this system, we demonstrated the uptake of adeno-associated-virus (AAV) by the peripheral terminals and AAV transport to the soma. Altogether, we have developed the use of HD10.6 cells to create a system of human nociceptive signaling on a chip to study human nociceptor physiology and intervention.

PerspectiveThere are essential differences between human and animal model nociceptors. Here, we develop a physiological model of "nociceptive signaling on a chip" using human-derived nociceptors to ultimately enhance the translatability of preclinical afferent signaling research to the human patient.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dochnal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malange, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges Paes Lemes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitford, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cliffe, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dore, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.27.674468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human dorsal root ganglia neuronal cell line to study nociceptive signaling: a new pipeline for pain therapy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678347v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics profiling reveals microenvironmental remodeling as a key driver of house dust mite-induced lung cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.24.678347v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic exposure to the common aeroallergen house dust mite (HDM) induces lung inflammation and DNA damage, but its impact on lung cancer development remains largely unexplored. Using whole-genome sequencing, RNA-seq, and DNA methylation profiling, we assessed HDM effects in lung epithelial cell lines and a mouse orthotopic lung cancer model. HDM accelerated tumor growth without altering mutational burden. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses revealed tissue-specific effects: in normal lung, HDM enhanced pro-inflammatory and immune activation programs, whereas in tumors it suppressed T cell responses, antigen presentation, and chemokine signaling. Immune deconvolution showed a shift toward myeloid enrichment and lymphoid suppression, with reduced cytotoxic T and NK signatures. Notably, HDM-driven tumor promotion was abolished in Il17a-/- but not Il1b-/-mice, identifying IL-17A as a critical mediator. These findings demonstrate that chronic aeroallergen exposure reshapes the lung microenvironment to promote immune suppression and accelerate lung cancer progression.

HighlightsChronic house dust mite (HDM) exposure accelerates lung tumor growth through non-mutagenic, immune-mediated mechanisms.

HDM activates pro-inflammatory and immune programs in normal lung tissue but suppresses antitumor T cell responses in tumors.

Multi-omics profiling reveals epigenetic silencing of immune genes and a myeloid-enriched, lymphoid-deficient tumor microenvironment.

HDM-driven tumor promotion depends on IL-17A but not IL-1{beta}, establishing IL-17A as a central driver of lung tumor promotion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Azzam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuewe, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada-Hara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stringer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Azzam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhivagui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herdman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corr, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.24.678347</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics profiling reveals microenvironmental remodeling as a key driver of house dust mite-induced lung cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.25.678693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ONC206 demonstrates potent anti-tumorigenic activity and is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk medulloblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.25.678693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, and has an urgent need for novel treatment approaches. Dordaviprone (ONC201) and its chemical derivative with nanomolar potency, ONC206, induce apoptosis of cancer cells by activation of the mitochondrial caseinolytic protease P (ClpP). ONC206 is currently in Phase I clinical trials for pediatric patients with primary brain tumors.

MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the preclinical therapeutic effects of ONC206 in medulloblastoma and investigated its mechanism of action.

ResultsWe found evidence for high expression of ClpP at both the RNA and protein level in medulloblastoma tumors, compared to very low expression in normal brain tissue. In addition, we saw a pronounced reduction in cell viability of human Group 3 and Group 4 and murine SHH-driven and Group 3 medulloblastoma cells treated with ONC206 with low IC-50s. After treatment with ONC206, we observed an induction of integrated stress response and mitochondrial damage. To test the efficacy of ONC206 in vivo, we used murine models of SHH-driven and Group 3 medulloblastoma as well as Group 3 and Group 4 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). ONC206 led to a significant prolongation of survival in both murine models, with the SHH mice demonstrating survival extension from 70 to 140 days. PDX-bearing mice also responded to ONC206, which led to a significant survival benefit.

ConclusionOur results highlight ONC206 as a novel therapeutic option for patients with high-risk medulloblastoma and provide strong rationale for testing the efficacy of ONC206 in the treatment of these patients.

Key points (2-3)ONC206 potently kills medulloblastoma cells by inducing integrated stress response and mitochondrial damage.

ONC206 prolongs survival of medulloblastoma-bearing mice in both murine and patient-derived xenograft models.

Importance of studyThere is an unmet need for better therapies for high-risk medulloblastoma patients. ONC201 has shown promising responses and recently received FDA approval for diffuse midline glioma. ONC206 is a chemical derivative with higher potency and better brain penetrance. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of ONC206 for high-risk medulloblastoma and found that the drug effectively killed mouse and human medulloblastoma cells with high nanomolar potency. We also saw that ONC206 very significantly prolonged survival of medulloblastoma-bearing mice, both in genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. Our study provides a strong rationale for testing the efficacy of ONC206 in the treatment of patients with medulloblastoma and has set the stage for a clinical trial with this agent in pediatric patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors, including medulloblastoma (NCT04732065).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tzaridis, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez Vega, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schniederjan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sposito, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prabhu, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.25.678693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ONC206 demonstrates potent anti-tumorigenic activity and is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk medulloblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.678849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Region-Specific Epigenomic Reorganization and Altered Cell States in Alzheimer's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.678849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying its region- and cell-type-specific pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Here, we generated a large-scale, single-cell multi-omic atlas--integrating DNA methylation and 3D genome architecture--from postmortem brain tissue of matched AD patients and cognitively normal controls. Samples were collected from three brain regions with distinct vulnerability to AD pathology: the temporal cortex (TC), primary visual cortex (VC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Our dataset comprises over 230,000 individual cells, spanning major neuronal and glial populations, and provides a high-resolution view of multi-layer epigenomic regulation. We identified widespread AD-associated DNA methylation changes and marked reorganization of 3D genome structure, including alterations in A/B compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and chromatin loops. These changes are strongly region-specific: TC displays pronounced hypermethylation, transcriptional downregulation, and elevated boundary density, whereas VC shows opposing trends and PFC an intermediate profile. We further uncovered previously unrecognized AD-associated glial and neuronal states defined by coordinated epigenomic dysregulation and recurrent genomic deletions, particularly near telomeric regions. This region-resolved, single-cell multi-omic atlas reveals divergent epigenomic trajectories across brain regions and cell types in AD, offering new mechanistic insights and a framework for targeted therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komandur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valadon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acerbo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyman, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.678849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Region-Specific Epigenomic Reorganization and Altered Cell States in Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.678115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flexible gaze reinstatement during working memory for natural scenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.678115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The information we hold in mind with working memory (WM) may propagate beyond the cortex and out to the peripheral motor system. For instance, directionally biased hand and eye movements can express simple visuo-spatial features during WM maintenance. If such sensorimotor inflections are a form of WM representation, they may also express more multifaceted and task-adaptive information than just spatial location. Here, we ask whether gaze patterns carry item-specific detail about complex stimuli held in mind, and whether gaze prospectively adapts to the behavioral task demands. To do this, we tracked human eye movements (male and female) during WM for naturalistic images, and we manipulated which image features were most task-relevant (visual or semantic). In two experiments, we found that the eyes moved in complex, item-specific spatiotemporal sequences during WM maintenance. Delay period gaze patterns retraced the scanpaths from stimulus encoding, echoing the  gaze reinstatement that aligns with neural pattern reactivation during long-term memory retrieval. Therefore, gaze patterns during WM may reinstate visual encoding processes for maintenance. We also used time-resolved representational similarity analyses, guided by convolutional neural network modeling, to test the specificity of WM gaze patterns across a trial. We found that gaze representations were more distinct when the task prioritized visual detail, and also ramped up in anticipation of the WM probe. Therefore, oculomotor WM signals are malleable to when and how the content will be used. These results suggest that the earliest levels of visual processing reflect prospectively-oriented and functionally flexible WM content representations.

SignificanceThe eyes are an outwardly accessible extension of the brain. They are the first stop for visual processing, but may also offer a rich window into underlying cognition. For instance, pupil dilation can reflect changing cognitive load, and eye movement biases can reflect basic spatial information about content held in mind with working memory. Working memory is a critical neuro-cognitive function, but its physiological bases remain under debate. Here, we show that eye movements code for more than simple spatial WM, and instead express intricate patterns that read out the complex, real-world stimuli held in mind. This work shows how cognitive states influence oculomotor functions, and also advances theories of WM representation to include the earliest stages of sensory processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaspariani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyonaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.678115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flexible gaze reinstatement during working memory for natural scenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interferon Restores Antigen Presentation and Sensitizes Medulloblastoma to T Cell Killing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medulloblastomas are commonly considered immunologically cold and refractory to immunotherapy. One contributing factor to their low immunogenicity is impaired antigen presentation, which allows tumor cells to escape from cytotoxic T cells. Here we use a syngeneic mouse model of medulloblastoma to study the role of CD8+ T cells in medulloblastoma growth. We demonstrate that despite low expression of MHC Class I on tumor cells, depletion of CD8+ T cells accelerates tumor growth, whereas adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells prolongs survival. These anti-tumor effects rely on T cells secreting interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}), which induces MHC class I on tumor cells and facilitates tumor cell killing by T cells. Notably, this response is essential for CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor attack, as blocking IFN{gamma} signaling in vivo abrogates MHC class I induction and eliminates the beneficial effect of T cells. Importantly, delivering IFN{gamma} directly into tumors via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells and significantly prolongs survival in tumor-bearing mice. These studies highlight the importance of T cells in controlling brain tumor growth and the value of IFN{gamma} as an adjuvant for T cell-based immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eisemann, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masihi, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzaridis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pister, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youm, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomeroy, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraenkel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagchi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interferon Restores Antigen Presentation and Sensitizes Medulloblastoma to T Cell Killing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Qimai: a multi-agent framework for zero-shot DNA-protein interaction prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate prediction of DNA-protein interactions, a fundamental task in genomics, is limited by the poor generalization of existing models to novel proteins not seen during training. To address this challenge, we introduce Qimai, a modular AI agent framework that integrates deep learning predictions with biological evidence using Large Language Model (LLM) as reasoning engine. Qimai combines direct motif evidence from the query protein, indirect motif evidence from its interactors, and quantitative prediction from a new transformer-based DPI model to produce explainable predictions with confidence scores. On a benchmark of 78 unseen proteins, Qimai consistently outperforms standalone deep learning models across all metrics, increasing the Area Under Curve of the Precision-Recall (AUC-PR), the Area Under Curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC-ROC), and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) by 17.6%, 15.6%, and 244% respectively compared to the best standalone model. Ablation analyses reveal that this gain is driven by the LLMs ability to dynamically weigh diverse evidence, with indirect motif evidence of co-factors particularly critical for unseen proteins. Qimai establishes a generalizable and interpretable paradigm for integrating heterogeneous data in predictive genomics. This framework is accessible via the Qimai web portal (https://qimai.wanglab.ucsd.edu/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Qimai: a multi-agent framework for zero-shot DNA-protein interaction prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vis-OCT Explorer: an open-source software for visible-light optical coherence tomography data processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and objectivesVisible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) has enabled the visualization of retinal structures and functions beyond the capabilities of conventional OCTs. However, to reconstruct high-quality images, vis-OCT requires special post-processing, including balanced detection. An open-source, standardized vis-OCT data processing software is essential for clinical applications and translation of vis-OCT.

MethodsWe developed Vis-OCT Explorer, an open-source, modular Python-based software for processing vis-OCT images. In addition to the standard spectral-domain OCT processing pipeline - including k-space resampling, dispersion compensation, and fast Fourier transformation - Vis-OCT Explorer offers unique dual-spectrometer balanced detection, short-time-Fourier transformation (STFT) based dispersion compensation coefficient optimization, and GPU-accelerated processing. We evaluated the reconstruction performance by quantifying a quality index extracted from individual B-scan images. We also assessed the repeatability of retinal thickness measurements by five operators on images acquired from different testing sites using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis.

ResultsBalanced detection and STFT-based dispersion compensation significantly increased the quality index of reconstructed B-scan images. ICC values of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measurements from four testing sites exceeded 0.8 in 87.5% of the macular-centered images. The ICC of RNFL thickness measurements on all optic nerve head-centered images is above 0.8, showing strong repeatability across users.

ConclusionsVis-OCT Explorer provides high-quality image processing and enables highly repeatable measurements on vis-OCT human retinal images. It facilitates future multicenter clinical tests to validate vis-OCTs clinical efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuranov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zambrano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trang, K. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirza, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavinsky, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vis-OCT Explorer: an open-source software for visible-light optical coherence tomography data processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679859v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of tight junction protein claudin 18 uncovers alveolar epithelial stem cell plasticity and emergence of non-fibrogenic transitional progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679859v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Persistence of senescent alveolar transitional progenitors following lung injury is implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. We identified transitional cells in uninjured Cldn18 knockout (KO) mouse lungs distinct from previously reported damage-associated transitional progenitors (DATPs) with a less fibrogenic transcriptomic profile. Cldn18 KO mice are protected from bleomycin-induced fibrosis, with early restoration of cellular homeostasis. Lineage tracing implicates accelerated differentiation as a mechanism for protection from fibrosis, leading us to name these cells regeneration-associated transitional progenitors (RATPs). Multiome confirms that RATPs and DATPs are epigenetically distinct, with RATPs comprised of RATP2s and RATP1s based on epigenomic proximity to AT2s and AT1s, respectively, and suggests dynamic regulatory remodeling during AT2-to-AT1 differentiation, with NKX2.1 and AP-1 active in early transitions and TEAD factors in later stages. These results reveal an unexpected role for Cldn18 in regulation of AEC plasticity, while identification of RATPs challenges the notion that persistence of transitional alveolar cells is invariably pathologic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Castaldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samimi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinon-Rose, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solaimanpour, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flodby, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasirer-Friede, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancione, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconett, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borok, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679859</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of tight junction protein claudin 18 uncovers alveolar epithelial stem cell plasticity and emergence of non-fibrogenic transitional progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive Loss of Astrocytic AIBP Expression during Alzheimer's Disease Pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in mediating neuroinflammation during Alzheimers disease (AD) progression. ApoA-I binding protein (APOA1BP, also known as AIBP/NAXE) attenuates neuroinflammation by blocking amyloid {beta}-induced TLR4 inflammaraft formation and oxidative stress. Apoa1bp knockout in APP/PS1 mice exacerbates microgliosis, increases amyloid plaque burden, neuronal cell loss, and reduces survival at 6 months. Although APOA1BP mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in humans, its cell-type-specific distribution in the brain remains unclear. To examine AIBP protein expression in the human brain, we performed immunohistochemistry on hippocampal sections from postmortem brain specimens from subjects aged 75-96 of both sexes. Using GFAP and IBA1 to label astrocytes and microglia, respectively, we found that AIBP protein was highly expressed in astrocytes, but not in microglia. Stratification of subjects by Braak stage (I-II, III-IV, V-VI) revealed a progressive decline in astrocytic AIBP expression with advancing AD pathology. Meta-analysis of RNA-seq profiling indicated enriched Apoa1bp expression in adult mouse astrocytes. Systemic Apoa1bp knockout in the APP/PS1 mouse exacerbated astrogliosis. These findings demonstrate that AIBP is predominantly expressed in astrocytes and its expression declines with AD progression, suggesting a potential role for AIBP in astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection and AD pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazarenkov, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive Loss of Astrocytic AIBP Expression during Alzheimer's Disease Pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680350v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tertiary lymphoid structures support the development of allergen-specific progenitor CD4+ T cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680350v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue-resident memory CD4+ T cells (TRM) are key sentinels of the adaptive immune response that provide a rapid, robust inflammatory response upon reactivation in non-lymphoid tissues. While CD4+ TRM are highly protective during reinfections or tumor growth, they are also critical mediators of autoimmunity and allergic disease. Using transcriptional analysis and flow cytometry we profiled the heterogeneity of allergen-specific CD4+ TRM in the lungs following house dust mite exposure and observe two distinct populations of cells: a proinflammatory Th2 lineage and a progenitor TCF1+ lineage that can repopulate the Th2 branch. Confocal microscopy revealed that these two subsets occupied distinct anatomical niches in the inflamed lungs, with Th2 cells localized to the airways while TCF1+ cells localized within pulmonary tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Spatial transcriptomics affirmed the TLS as a tissue progenitor niche and highlight the transcriptional progression from progenitor to Th2 cell reflected in the TLS:airway axis. Manipulations to promote or ablate TLS development resulted in increased or decreased TCF1 expression among allergen-specific T cells, respectively. Finally, we identify the PD1 pathway as a critical signal localized to the TLS core and demonstrate that TCF1+ cells in the TLS are responsive to anti-PD1 treatment. Together, these data shape our understanding of tissue CD4+ T cell responses across space and time and highlight TLS as a critical therapeutic target that promotes the propagation of chronic inflammatory diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bangs, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hondowicz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abadie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karakousi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skene, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ImmGenT,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pepper, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680350</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tertiary lymphoid structures support the development of allergen-specific progenitor CD4+ T cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incentive Salience, not Psychomotor Sensitization or Tolerance, Drives Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration in Heterogeneous Stock Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensitization and tolerance are two phenomena often studied independently despite overlapping neurobiological substrates. Each has extensive research showing their influence on the development and maintenance of addiction, but the degree to which they drive escalation in cocaine self-administration is poorly understood. Using self-administration, intravenous noncontingent infusions, and pose-estimation machine vision, we find that incentive salience, not psychomotor sensitization or tolerance, drives the escalation of cocaine self-administration in heterogenous stock rats. Individual differences in psychomotor sensitization or tolerance were found to have no effect on cocaine intake. Incentive salience as measured by locomotion and active lever entrances per meter traveled occurring before the self-administration session began (pre-lever activity measures) during Short Access (2-hours) was found to predict intake during Long Access (6-hours). Both pre-lever locomotion and active lever entrances per meter were found to increase during Long Access and after two-to-three days of abstinence. Critically, rats with low pre-lever activity during Short Access escalated both their intake and pre-lever measures by the end of Long Access to levels comparable with high pre-lever activity rats who maintained their elevated responding. These findings support the notion that incentive salience during Short Access is a catalyst to escalated use and an early marker of addiction vulnerability. Moreover, they suggest that individuals initially resistant to incentive salience can, with sufficient exposure, become sensitized and escalate cocaine use to the same level as more susceptible individuals. Analysis of pre-lever activity offers a novel longitudinal behavioral marker to predict vulnerability and provides a framework for understanding individual trajectories of addiction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramborger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosquera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sichel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Othman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plasil, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sneddon, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnet Zahedi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chonwattanagul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>China, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maturin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrette, L. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.04.680105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incentive Salience, not Psychomotor Sensitization or Tolerance, Drives Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration in Heterogeneous Stock Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoaffinity labeling of protein targets in a complex metazoan: proof-of-concept using a probe for Schistosoma mansoni tubulin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.04.680471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Treatment of schistosomiasis, a prevalent neglected tropical disease, relies precariously on a single drug. The discovery and development of alternative anti-schistosomal small molecules most often relies on phenotypic (whole-organism) screening, whereas target- or "protein-first"-based discovery options are hampered by a paucity of genetic interrogation strategies and a complex biology. Here, we demonstrate the application of photoaffinity labeling (PAL) as a chemical biology strategy to probe protein target-ligand interactions in the schistosome. Using a triazolopyrimidine (TPD) probe that binds tubulin, we established a PAL workflow with living Schistosoma mansoni worms. The probe elicited deleterious phenotypic responses consistent with the TPD series and, upon UV light activation, covalently labeled tubulin as identified by proteomics. Specific concentration-dependent engagement of tubulin was confirmed using a photostable competitor TPD. When applied directly to worm lysates, the PAL workflow produced non-specific labeling, suggesting that the conformation of the protein target is important for ligand binding. The successful application of PAL for a metazoan is, to our knowledge, novel, and the platform should prove generally applicable to identifying potential drug targets, and exploring protein-ligand interactions, in schistosomes and other organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lucero, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bufano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunden, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballatore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francisco, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.04.680471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoaffinity labeling of protein targets in a complex metazoan: proof-of-concept using a probe for Schistosoma mansoni tubulin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ANTIDOTE: A Metadata-Driven Neural Network for Improving CryoEM 3-D Particle Sorting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the maturation of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) methodologies, generating high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions from micrographs is a time-intensive process involving iterative rounds of subjective data curation and hyperparameter optimization. Current approaches to particle classification are often unable to remove all low-quality particles from particle stacks, largely due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, the high dimensionality of particle images, and the multiple degrees of freedom associated with each particles unknown rotation, orientation, and class assignment. The retention of low-quality particles negatively affects the overall quality of the final EM density and continued efforts to eliminate their deleterious contributions are warranted. Here, we present ANTIDOTE (A Neural network Trained In Deleterious Object deTection and Elimination), a neural network framework that discriminates between constructive and deleterious particles using per-particle metadata generated during 3-D classification in RELION. Using benchmark and real-world cryoEM datasets, we demonstrate that ANTIDOTE paired with RELION 3-D classification achieves higher particle classification accuracy than conventional data processing approaches alone, yielding improvements in reconstruction quality, global and local resolution, and map interpretability while reducing time-consuming hyperparameter optimization. We additionally detail practical use-case scenarios for ANTIDOTE and demonstrate its versatility in increasing particle curation accuracy for high-quality cryoEM reconstruction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berkeley, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foroughi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachochin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ANTIDOTE: A Metadata-Driven Neural Network for Improving CryoEM 3-D Particle Sorting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Commensal Escherichia coli colonization triggers Peyer's patch development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in shaping mucosal immunity, yet the specific microbes contributing to lymphoid tissue development remain poorly defined. Here, we identify Escherichia coli, a pioneer commensal bacterium, as a key driver of naive B cell accumulation in gut Peyers patches and lamina propria via a CXCR2-dependent mechanism. We show that E. coli promotes B cell recruitment through the production of curli amyloid fibers, which signal via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Notably, this effect extends beyond the neonatal period, revealing a broader temporal window for microbial modulation of mucosal immune development. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for a defined gut commensal bacterium and its molecular products in orchestrating the formation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and B cell recruitment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gerner, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaus, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melchior, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albicoro, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santus, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patkar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thelen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Lopez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ransohoff, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reboldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nuccio, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behnsen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tukel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Commensal Escherichia coli colonization triggers Peyer's patch development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebral cortical structures linked to intelligence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the neural basis of intelligence in humans remains an ongoing scientific pursuit. Early studies with small samples identified potential regions but lacked consistency across findings. Recent large-scale magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets, using intelligence measures focused on verbal-numerical reasoning, now offer more robust opportunities for discovery. In this study (N=11,289), we showed the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as exhibiting the strongest effect size and a significant causal relationship with intelligence, where larger surface area predicts higher intelligence as revealed by Mendelian randomization analyses. Additional regions, including the orbitofrontal and temporal cortices, also showed causal links to intelligence. These regions are critical for working memory, executive function, and language. Reverse causality analyses further indicated that higher intelligence contributes to increased total surface area and greater cortical thickness in the perisylvian language region. Our findings replicate prior evidence of a bidirectional relationship between total surface area and intelligence and further offer novel insights into regional cortical associations and causal effect. Collectively, these findings support a polyregional cortical configuration of intelligence, highlighting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex--a key hub for cognitive ability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chou, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiecas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Re, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuoksimaa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebral cortical structures linked to intelligence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and biochemical basis for cannabinoid cyclase activity in marine bacterial flavoenzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The marine bacterial flavoenzymes Clz9 and Tcz9 can process cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) to the minor cannabinoid, cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), however, the mechanistic details of this extrinsic transformation are still obscure. Here, we report a thorough analysis of CBCA-formation by Clz9 and Tcz9 through high-resolution crystallographic characterization, biochemical analysis, and spectroscopic interrogation. Our work reveals that Clz9 and Tcz9 use different biochemical mechanisms from Cannabis cyclases and each other in their production of CBCA. Collection of a high-resolution substrate-bound structure, the first for any cannabinoid cyclase, provides key insights into how active site architecture affects substrate binding and stereoselectivity. Engineering approaches improve the stereoselectivity of CBCA formation by Clz9 and Tcz9, providing access to (R) and (S)-CBCA. Collectively, our work advances understanding of enzymatic cannabinoid formation and cements Clz9 and Tcz9 as two unique members of the BBE-like enzyme family with encouraging potential for biocatalytic cannabinoid production applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Love, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirohi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubert, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinnell, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gappy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zangwill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palfey, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.680811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and biochemical basis for cannabinoid cyclase activity in marine bacterial flavoenzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PTH-Induced Behavioral and Metabolic Alterations in Mouse Models of Hyperparathyroidism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical endocrine regulator of calcium homeostasis and bone remodeling and is widely employed in clinical settings through synthetic analogs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Although traditionally considered a peripheral regulator, emerging evidence indicates that PTH also exerts effects through the central nervous system (CNS). This study investigated the neuropsychiatric impact of elevated PTH and explored potential CNS involvement using multiple murine models of hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Distinct behavioral phenotypes were observed across models, indicating that psychiatric symptoms vary depending on disease etiology and progression. The effects of hPTH(1-34), a clinically approved PTH analog, were further assessed in male and female mice. Under pharmacological concentrations, hPTH(1-34) enhanced locomotor activity in males but induced mild anxiety-like behavior in females. These behavioral changes in females were independent of the estrus cycle and were amplified by ovariectomy. Metabolic analysis indicates PTH affects the basic metabolism by inhibiting the respiratory exchange ratio, promotes the energy expenditure and locomotion without affecting the food consumption in a 48hr range. To further investigate the molecular effect of PTH in the brain, a PTH1R-Cre mouse line was generated to map PTH receptor-1 (PTH1R) expression. Widespread expression of PTH1R was detected across the brain, including in both neuronal and non-neuronal cell populations. These findings suggest that PTH may influence behavior through interactions with PTH1R-expressing cells in brain vasculature and circumventricular regions. However, further studies are warranted to define the specific brain nuclei and cell types involved in PTH-driven modulation of neurobehavioral function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.681037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PTH-Induced Behavioral and Metabolic Alterations in Mouse Models of Hyperparathyroidism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Does Not Disrupt Human Fetal Brain Development in Cortical Organoid Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most widely used analgesic during pregnancy, yet epidemiological studies have reported conflicting associations between prenatal exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Direct mechanistic evidence from human-relevant models remains limited. To address this gap, we exposed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical organoids (COs; six independent lines) to physiologically relevant APAP concentrations (25, 50, and 100 M) for 5 days starting at day 21, a developmental stage corresponding to the late first trimester. We assessed organoid growth, apoptosis, neuronal/progenitor ratios, transcriptomics (RNA-seq), and functional maturation using multielectrode arrays (2-4 months). APAP exposure did not alter growth dynamics, cytoarchitecture, or viability, with apoptosis rates remaining below 1% in all conditions. Neuronal and progenitor cell proportions were unchanged. Bulk RNA-seq revealed subtle, dose-dependent transcriptional changes only at higher doses (0 differentially expressed genes at 25 M, 9 at 50 M, and 16 at 100 M), enriched for neurodevelopmental pathways. Despite these slight molecular perturbations, electrophysiological recordings showed normal firing rates, burst frequency, and network synchronicity across exposure groups. Taken together, therapeutic APAP concentrations produced only modest transcriptional effects without structural or functional consequences in developing cortical organoids. These results align with recent sibling-controlled epidemiological studies that attribute reported associations to confounding and provide mechanistic reassurance that recommended APAP use during pregnancy is unlikely to disrupt fetal brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trovo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucera, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iakoucheva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.681041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prenatal Acetaminophen Exposure Does Not Disrupt Human Fetal Brain Development in Cortical Organoid Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681056v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human AUTS2 regulates neurodevelopmental pathways via dual DNA/RNA binding. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681056v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The AUTS2 gene is implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, with patient mutations leading to intellectual disability, microcephaly, and autistic behavior. While AUTS2s chromatin-and RNA-related functions are recognized, its direct binding to RNA in human neural progenitors has not been previously demonstrated. Here, we used ChIP-seq and eCLIP-seq in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to map AUTS2s chromatin targets and, for the first time, its direct RNA interactome. AUTS2 knockdown in NPCs led to widespread gene expression changes and impaired cell proliferation, migration, and neurite outgrowth. Integrated analysis revealed downregulation of Wnt pathway genes, notably WNT7A, among targets directly bound by AUTS2 at both chromatin and RNA levels. Supplementation with WNT7A rescued cellular phenotypes in AUTS2-deficient NPCs, underscoring the significance of Wnt signaling. These findings highlight AUTS2s central role in human neurodevelopment and provide mechanistic insight into how its disruption may contribute to the pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saia-Cereda, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmsaouri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benassi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis-de-Oliveira, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteley, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrabhatta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendes, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph-Moore, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xenitopoulos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jetzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oefner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetto, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.681056</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human AUTS2 regulates neurodevelopmental pathways via dual DNA/RNA binding.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Activity Relationship and Target Investigation of Thiophen-2-yl-Pyrimidines against Schistosoma species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.681061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemotherapeutic options for schistosomiasis, a prevalent infectious disease of poverty, are limited to just one drug, praziquantel (PZQ), and alternatives are needed. Our previous studies identified thiophen-2-yl pyrimidines (TPPs), which are structurally derived from microtubule (MT)-active phenylpyrimidines, as potent paralytics of Schistosoma mansoni. Although relatively non-toxic to mammalian cells, the progenitor compound, 3, had poor aqueous solubility and was lipophilic potentially hindering preclinical advancement. To address these issues and expand on the structure-activity and structure-property relationships, 43 new TPP analogs were designed and synthesized, their lipophilicity calculated (cLogP), and their anti-schistosomal activity evaluated in culture. This effort yielded compound 38, which possessed an oxetane-containing amine moiety at C5, and an ortho, ortho-difluoroaniline at C6 of the TPP scaffold. Compared to 3, compound 38 had better aqueous solubility (46 vs. < 0.5 {micro}M) and decreased lipophilicity (logP calc. 4.48 vs. 6.81), with toxicity CC50 values > 20 {micro}M against three mammalian cell lines. Further, paralytic potency, as measured by the EC50 value for adult S. mansoni motility, was increased 14.5-fold (538 vs. 37 nM), and plasma half-life (t1/2) was improved 3-fold, from 0.48 to 1.51 h for a 40% loss in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). In washout experiments, 38 produced a sustained paralysis of both juvenile and adult S. mansoni, possibly suggesting a broader in vitro efficacy spectrum compared to PZQ, which is inactive against the juvenile parasite. Also, the two other medically important species, Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma japonicum, were susceptible to 38. Finally, to identify potential protein targets, we synthesized a TPP photoaffinity labeling (PAL) probe that labeled several S. mansoni proteins by SDS-PAGE fluorescence analysis, although, notably, not tubulin, suggesting that the antischistosomal activity of 38 is a function of engaging other targets. Future work with the TPP series will aim to decrease toxicity further while improving PK properties to better support in vivo efficacy testing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francisco, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yohannan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varricchio, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastiani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacinto, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renzulli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brancale, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballatore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alle, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caffrey, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.681061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Activity Relationship and Target Investigation of Thiophen-2-yl-Pyrimidines against Schistosoma species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic kidney disease exacerbates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis via miR-148a-3p targeting SIK1/AMPKα1 in liver 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), hyperlipidemia is a common sequela of CKD, which is linked to increased lipid synthesis, impaired lipoprotein clearance, and maladapted reverse cholesterol transport. Because exosomes can transport miRNAs to modulate intercellular and tissue communication, we hypothesized that exosomal miRNAs can act as endocrine-like molecules to modulate the CKD-associated hyperlipidemia and ASCVD.

MethodsSmall RNA-seq and qPCR were used to determine the differential plasma level of exosomal miR-148a-3p in ASCVD patients with and without CKD. RNA-seq and in silico analysis were used to establish the regulation of lipid metabolism via miR-148a-3p/salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1)/AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1 subunit (AMPK1) in the liver. Inhibition of miR-148a-3p or overexpression of SIK1/AMPK1 in ApoE-/- mice with 5/6 nephrectomy was used to elucidate the role of the miR-148a-3p/SIK1/AMPK1 axis in CKD-related hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

ResultsThe plasma level of exosomal miR-148a-3p was significantly elevated in patients with ASCVD and CKD (ASCVD/CKD) and ApoE-/- mice with 5/6 nephrectomy. Via circulating exosomes, kidney-generated miR-148a-3p was delivered to the liver, where it targeted SIK1/AMPK1 transcripts, thereby upregulating SREBP2/PCSK9 and reciprocally downregulating LDLR. Levels of SIK1 and AMPK1 were decreased in hepatocytes transfected with miR-148a-3p or treated with plasma exosomes from ASCVD/CKD patients, with attendant SREBP2 activation and attenuated LDL-C binding. The decreased LDL-C binding was rectified by SIK1/AMPK1 or LNA-miR-148a-3p overexpression. LNA-miR-148a-3p or AAV8-SIK1/AMPK administration in 5/6 nephrectomy/ApoE-/- mice significantly ameliorated hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

ConclusionIn ASCVD/CKD patients and nephrectomy/ApoE-/- mice, kidney-originating miR-148a-3p targeted hepatic SIK1/AMPK1 mRNA. This exosome-mediated endocrine effect upregulated SREBP2/PCSK9 and reciprocally reduced LDLR level, which elevated plasma LDL-C level and exacerbated ASCVD. These findings underscore a kidney-liver-artery axis involved in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic kidney disease exacerbates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis via miR-148a-3p targeting SIK1/AMPKα1 in liver]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocyte SEMA3C reduction improves Rett Syndrome phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681027v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During typical neurodevelopment, astrocytes secrete proteins that support neuronal connectivity. This process is disrupted in Rett Syndrome (RTT), a regressive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. While astrocytes typically promote neuron outgrowth, co-culture of RTT astrocytes with wildtype neurons inhibits their outgrowth, implicating secreted astrocyte factors in RTT pathology. However, the specific factors and their contributions to RTT deficits remain poorly defined. To address this, we focused on the class 3 semaphorin SEMA3C, which shows increased astrocyte secretion in RTT and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Using astrocyte and neuron cell culture, we find that SEMA3C is inhibitory to dendrite outgrowth via PLXND1 and NRP2 receptors in cortical neurons. Genetic reduction of astrocyte SEMA3C in female RTT model mice enhances dendritic arborization and normalizes synaptic activity. Behaviorally, astrocyte SEMA3C reduction normalizes visual acuity and motor behavior, which are established clinical features in RTT. Together, these findings identify astrocyte SEMA3C as a contributor to RTT pathology and highlight the SEMA3C-NRP2- PLXND1 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in disordered neurodevelopment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyon, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paumier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandikonda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melendez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocyte SEMA3C reduction improves Rett Syndrome phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.11.681818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An extremophilic Nocardiopsis strain from Great Salt Lake expands the taxonomic range of mycolic acid biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.11.681818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycolic acids, long-chain fatty acids that form the characteristic and relatively impermeable mycomembrane, have long been considered a defining chemotaxonomic feature of the order Mycobacteriales. Here, we report that Nocardiopsis bonnevillensis, a new type strain isolated from the hypersaline environment of Great Salt Lake, is the first organism outside of this order known to produce mycolic acids. Lipid profiling, acid-fast staining, isoniazid sensitivity, and genome mining confirmed hallmark features of mycolic acid biosynthesis. Evaluation of the strains metabolic capabilities led to the isolation of bonnevanoside, a thiophenyl nonulopyranoside reported here for the first time from a natural source. Moreover, additional Great Salt Lake-derived Nocardiopsis isolates exhibited acid-fast staining, suggesting that this trait may be more widespread than previously recognized. Altogether, these findings expand the taxonomic distribution of mycolic acid biosynthesis, challenge long-standing chemotaxonomic boundaries, and highlight the potential ecological significance of mycolate-containing envelopes in supporting bacterial survival in extreme environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bring Horvath, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krull, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iizumi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenical, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.11.681818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An extremophilic Nocardiopsis strain from Great Salt Lake expands the taxonomic range of mycolic acid biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging Cellular Metabolic Rewiring with SuMMIT-SRS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells dynamically rewire their metabolic pathways in response to physiological and pathological cues. Such plasticity is particularly critical in neurons, stem cells, cancer cells, and immune cells, where biosynthetic demands can shift rapidly. However, current metabolic imaging techniques using isotope labeling typically track only one metabolite at a time, limiting their ability to capture the rapid dynamics of complex metabolic networks including coordinated precursor utilization, crosstalk, and turnover. Here, we present Subcellular Multiplexed Metabolic Isotope Tracing Stimulated Raman Scattering microscopy (SuMMIT-SRS), a platform that enables simultaneous visualization of multiple metabolic dynamics at subcellular resolution. By exploiting the distinct vibrational signatures of carbon-deuterium bonds derived from multiple deuterated amino acids, lipids, and monosaccharide tracers, SuMMIT-SRS maps co-regulated DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid synthesis at the same time and resolves various individual amino acid-mediated metabolic pathways within intact cells and tissues. We demonstrate SuMMITs broad utility across Drosophila fat body tissue and developing brain, tumor organoids, aged human neurons, and mouse liver, capturing cell type-specific metabolic rewiring under genetic and pathological perturbations. This approach extends SRS to multiplexed isotope tracing, offering a powerful tool to uncover dynamic and complex biosynthesis programs in development, health, and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhine, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranamukhaarachchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villazon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging Cellular Metabolic Rewiring with SuMMIT-SRS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted Intestinal Cooling Offers Superior Brain Protection in the Mouse Stroke Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIntestinal immune and inflammatory response plays a detrimental role following a stroke. This study aims to evaluate the brain protective efficacies of a novel intestinal cooling (CC) technique relative to the body surface cooling (SC) and the normothermic (NT) condition in a mouse stroke model.

MethodsMice were randomly assigned to CC (n=13), SC (n=15), or NT (n=11) groups. They underwent 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 7-day reperfusion. Both head and intra-colon temperatures were maintained at 37{degrees}C for 30 min before, during, and 30 min after MCAO. At 30 min reperfusion, a cooling catheter was placed to maintain intra-colon at 37{degrees}C in NT or 12{degrees}C in CC. The head temperature was maintained at 37{degrees}C in NT and 30{degrees}C in CC. In SC, both intra-colon and head temperatures were maintained at 30{degrees}C. Cooling lasted 3 hours. Bodyweight, behavioral deficits (nesting and pole test), and survival rate were assessed post-MCAO. At day 7 post-MCAO, mice were perfusion-fixed for histopathological analysis.

ResultsPost-stroke histopathological brain injury areas and volume were significantly reduced in CC, and appeared reduced though not statistically significant in SC, relative to NT. Compared with NT, body weight, nest building activity, and pole test were all significantly recovered in CC post-MCAO. In SC, only nest building improved significantly, while body weight and pole test showed marginal, nonsignificant trends. Consistent with functional recovery, survival was significantly improved in CC but not in SC, compared with NT.

ConclusionIn a murine model, our novel CC technique successfully achieved targeted intestinal cooling while preserving safe upper-body temperatures necessary for normal cardiopulmonary function. Targeted intestinal cooling provides significant benefits superior to SC and NT, including smaller stroke volume, fewer functional deficits, and lower mortality rates, thus supporting the novel concept that the intestines are potential therapeutic targets for stroke management.

Graphical Abstracts

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=131 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/681764v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aa07cdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e64569org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d6f178org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1871862_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIPost-stroke body surface cooling-induced hypothermia demonstrated marginally neuroprotective effects compared to normothermic conditions in the mouse model.
C_LIO_LITargeted deep cooling of the intestine after a stroke resulted in a significantly greater reduction in stroke injury areas and volume, as well as lower mortality rates and fewer functional deficits, compared to body surface cooling-induced hypothermia and normothermic conditions.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivasa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted Intestinal Cooling Offers Superior Brain Protection in the Mouse Stroke Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normalized Raman Imaging for Studies of Tissue Physiology of the Kidney 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.12.681746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histology is the cornerstone of clinical pathology and an essential tool for many areas of medicine. Nevertheless, conventional histological methods, which rely on fixation, embedding, sectioning, and staining, distort cellular architecture, extract key molecules such as lipids, and introduce variability that severely limits reproducibility. Here, we present Normalized Raman Imaging (NoRI), a form of stimulated Raman scattering applied to organ pathology. NoRI enables quantitative, label-free measurements of proteins and lipids at high spatial resolution. NoRI overcomes heterogeneous light scattering from homogeneous tissues by computationally correcting each signal by the combined Raman signals of protein, lipid, and water. This enables quantitative biomass measurements while preserving tissue architecture, thereby facilitating advanced analysis by convolutional neural networks and feature discovery. Here we apply NoRI to the mouse kidney, showing that such imaging can be used to accurately classify tubule types (median F1 [harmonic mean of precision and recall against manual annotation]=0.93), anatomical regions (F1=0.91), and biological sex (F1=0.97) from regions as small as 132.5{micro}m{superscript 2}. Under these circumstances, NoRI has revealed novel sex-specific features, including higher cytoplasmic lipid (+6.9mg/mL; p=0.028), nuclear protein (+26.3mg/mL; p<0.001), and capillary protein concentrations (+3.1mg/mL; p<0.001) in female tubules, along with differences in intracellular lipid droplet morphology. In a time-course model of acute kidney injury (AKI), NoRI captured dynamic changes in protein and lipid organization, most pronounced at day 2 post-injury (F1=0.97), and quantified recovery of brush border structures and lipid droplets over 25 days. Lipid measurements were particularly critical for the high accuracy of feature classification and discovery in AKI (F1=1.0). These results establish NoRI as a reproducible, high-resolution, and fully quantitative framework for tissue analysis and feature discovery, far surpassing conventional histology. By preserving tissue architecture and accurately quantifying lipids and proteins, NoRI provides a unique platform to explore and identify unknown biological phenomena in complex tissues, and present as a powerful diagnostic tool for histopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trim, W. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diakova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ichimura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takakura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karmakar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norrelykke, S. F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peshkin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonventre, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.12.681746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normalized Raman Imaging for Studies of Tissue Physiology of the Kidney]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New Quantitative Cost-Impact Effectiveness Indexes to Assist in Publication Decisions by Researchers in the Open Access Era 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.10.681750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scientific publications have become the backbone of scientific communication since their foundation in 1665. The three main models for publishing are Traditional (or subscription-based), Open Access (OA), and Hybrid. As of July 1, 2025, the NIH requires that Author Accepted Manuscripts resulting from NIH-funded research be immediately publicly available. To comply with this new requirement, authors may be forced to pay an Article Processing Charge (APC) to publish Open Access, ranging from [~]$2000 to [~]$13,000 per article. With this change to the scientific publishing landscape, publishing costs shift from subscribers to authors causing authors to re-evaluate how they choose which journal to publish in. Here we analyze 75 popular biomedical journals to evaluate the publishing costs compared to the scientific impact (i.e. Impact Factor, CiteScore, SNIP) illustrated by three different Cost-Impact Effectiveness (CIE) metrics (APC/IF, APC/CS and APC/SNIP). To complement the new open access policy, our goal is to provide a resource to help the scientific community evaluate the impact-based cost effectiveness of different Open Access options during their journal selection process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hardy, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.10.681750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New Quantitative Cost-Impact Effectiveness Indexes to Assist in Publication Decisions by Researchers in the Open Access Era]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.682198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans immune switch proteins PALS-25 and PALS-22 localizeto mitochondria and regulate fragmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.13.682198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nematode C. elegans controls immunity against intracellular pathogens like microsporidia using the pals gene family, which has expanded in C. elegans compared to mammals. pals-22 is a negative regulator that restrains pals-25, which serves as a positive regulator of immunity. pals-22 and pals-25 encode proteins that bind each other and can act in the intestine and epidermis, but their subcellular localization and mechanism of action have not been described. Here we show that PALS-22 and PALS-25 proteins localize to mitochondria, with PALS-25 being required for PALS-22 localization to mitochondria. The C-terminus of PALS-25 is both necessary and sufficient for mitochondrial localization. Loss of PALS-22 causes mitochondrial fragmentation, which occurs after activating the Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR), a transcriptional program induced by intracellular infection. Mitochondrial fragmentation induced in an independent manner increases resistance against microsporidia infection. Thus, PALS-22/25-mediated fragmentation of mitochondria appears to increase immunity against intracellular infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gang, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strul, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troemel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.13.682198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans immune switch proteins PALS-25 and PALS-22 localizeto mitochondria and regulate fragmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of microplastic contamination in cow manure on reproductive behavior and larval survival in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microplastics are an emerging environmental hazard on a global scale. Their detection in agricultural environments is of particular concern not only for food contamination, but also because microplastics negatively impact detritivores and their ecosystem functioning. Dung beetles in particular provide vital ecosystem services in agricultural environments and are often vulnerable to anthropogenic hazards, but whether they are affected by microplastics remains unclear. Here, we test whether artificial contamination of cow dung with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has the potential to affect the juvenile development and maternal behavior of the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. Dung beetles exhibited high mortality when exposed to elevated concentrations of TPU. In addition, females were equally likely to provision offspring with TPU-spiked (and lethal) cow dung as with control dung, suggesting that females cannot differentiate between highly toxic microplastic-contaminated and uncontaminated cow dung. Our findings highlight potentially severe consequences for dung beetles if microplastics persist and accumulate, although the levels of exposure in the field are unknown. Although the direct environmental hazards and the mechanisms mediating the negative impacts of TPU microplastics remain to be assessed, this study suggests that microplastics may negatively impact dung beetles and their ecosystem services. Future work assessing exposure levels in the field as well as dung beetles potential to evolve resistance against microplastic pollution will be necessary to assess the long-term impact of microplastic presence on dung beetle ecosystem functioning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McConnell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo Lovell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shurin, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of microplastic contamination in cow manure on reproductive behavior and larval survival in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ULK1/2 Inhibitors that Degrade ATG13 Effectively Target KRAS-Mutant Cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KRAS mutations drive tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types, including lung and pancreatic cancer. Autophagy is a cell survival pathway that supports tumor growth under metabolic stress and has been proposed to be a potential therapeutic avenue specifically in KRAS mutant cancers. The Unc-51-like ATG-activating kinases 1 and 2 (ULK) initiate the earliest regulated steps of autophagy and are the only protein kinases in the canonical autophagy pathway, thus making them attractive therapeutic targets for KRAS mutant tumors. We show here that genetic depletion of ULK1 or ATG13, core components of the ULK1 complex, in KRAS mutant lung and pancreatic cancer cell lines results in growth inhibition. Previously, we developed small molecule ULK1 inhibitors that not only inhibit ULK kinase activity but also induced the degradation of other core members of the ULK complex including ATG101 and ATG13. Therefore, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay in which ATG13 was HiBiT-tagged in KRAS mutant lung cancer cells to evaluate ULK inhibitors for ATG13 degradation. Using this approach, we discovered a lead ULK inhibitor, SBP-1750, that potently inhibited ULK activity, promoted robust ATG13 degradation, impaired ATG, and induced KRAS mutant cancer cell death. Studies in a KRAS-mutant orthotopic syngeneic pancreatic cancer model show that oral treatment with SBP-1750 significantly reduced tumor growth. Pharmacokinetic analysis of SBP-1750 indicates favorable drug exposure and pharmacodynamic analysis confirms ATG13 degradation in vivo, mirroring in vitro results. Finally, immunohistochemical staining of orthotopic pancreatic tumors reveals a significant increase in CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration upon treatment, suggesting that SBP-1750 enhances anti-tumor immunity. These findings support further development of SBP-1750 as a novel ATG-targeting cancer therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hagan, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brun, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layng, F. I. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panickar, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celeridad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Limpert, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheffler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Commisso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosford, N. D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ULK1/2 Inhibitors that Degrade ATG13 Effectively Target KRAS-Mutant Cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Senescent Activated Naive B Cells Promote Anti-Citrullinated Antigen T Cell Responses and the Transition to Clinical Rheumatoid Arthritis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by joint and systemic inflammation. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) define an at-risk stage that precedes clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis (clinical RA) onset, yet the molecular mechanisms driving progression remain poorly understood. Here, we applied single-cell multi-omics to profile B cells longitudinally collected from ACPA individuals who either convert to clinical RA (Converters) or do not (Nonconverters). We identified a striking expansion of CXCR5CD69 activated naive B cells (aNAVs) uniquely in Converters prior to clinical RA. These aNAVs exhibited a pro-inflammatory, senescent transcriptional program and persist through to clinical RA. In Converters, aNAVs expressed polyreactive, autoreactive IgM with distinctive V-J gene rearrangements that dominate the BCR repertoire. Furthermore, in Converters most IgM aNAVs were developmentally arrested in the peripheral blood, while a subset undergoes class switching and follows divergent somatic hypermutation trajectories. Mechanistically, aNAVs infiltrated RA synovium and served as potent antigen presenting cells to activate both anti-citrullinated antigen CD4 and CD8 T cells in an HLA-dependent manner. Chronic exposure to citrullinated antigens and CpG synergistically drove aNAV activation and senescence. These findings establish a mechanistic link between naive B cell senescence and clinical RA development in ACPA+ individuals, providing a rationale for therapeutically targeting aNAV B cells for the prevention of RA.

Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=182 SRC="FIGDIR/small/682430v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@153b185org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aba6eeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@5c886eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10109a3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrams, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dam, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharpe, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donlin, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckner, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okamoto, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanz, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meffre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holers, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deane, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Senescent Activated Naive B Cells Promote Anti-Citrullinated Antigen T Cell Responses and the Transition to Clinical Rheumatoid Arthritis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ivermectin Reduces Withdrawal-Induced Alcohol Intake via CeA GABAergic Enhancement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although FDA-approved medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are available, their efficacy varies across patients, highlighting the need for novel therapeutics that address inter-individual differences in disease etiology and treatment response. Genetic models, particularly heterogeneous stock (HS) rats, recapitulate human-like genetic diversity and behavioral heterogeneity, enabling the dissection of individual differences in vulnerability to AUD and pharmacotherapeutic sensitivity.

P2X4 receptors, which are encoded by the gene P2rx4, are ATP-gated ion channels inhibited by ethanol and abundantly expressed in neurons found in reward and stress circuits. P2X4 receptors have emerged as key modulators of ethanol sensitivity and consumption in preclinical models. Here, we genetically predicted P2rx4 expression in whole brain in a cohort of 130 HS rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor and phenotyped for self-administration during acute abstinence. Rats were dichotomized into high- and low-predicted expression groups. Higher predicted P2rx4 expression was associated with increased post-vapor intake and escalation. In 32 CIE-escalated rats, ivermectin, a positive allosteric modulator of P2X4 receptors, dose-dependently reduced drinking. We stratified rats into three groups: non-responders, mild responders, and high responders. Electrophysiological recordings from CeA slices revealed that ivermectin differentially enhanced GABAergic IPSCs: high-responders exhibited sustained increases in IPSC frequency and selective amplitude reductions, while the two other groups showed transient frequency increases. All groups displayed prolonged rise times, however non-responders showed extended decay times. These findings suggest that P2rx4 upregulation serves as a vulnerability marker for dependence-like behaviors, with ivermectin attenuating withdrawal-driven alcohol consumption by enhancing CeA GABAergic inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallupi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Guglielmo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ivermectin Reduces Withdrawal-Induced Alcohol Intake via CeA GABAergic Enhancement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682466v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards In Situ Dynamics of DNA-bound Full-Length p53 Tetramer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682466v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
p53 is the most important tumor suppressor in humans as well as the most frequently mutated gene found in human cancers with [~]50% of all human tumors bearing p53 missense mutations that leave p53 inactive. Restoring the p53 activity proved to lead to tumor regression even in advanced tumors in mouse models-- and thus, is among the most attractive potential strategies for novel cancer therapy. Full-length p53 (fl-p53) consists of 393 residues and multiple domains; some folded and some disordered. Using crystal structures of folded domains and integrative molecular modelling techniques for disordered domains, we generated the first wild-type fl-p53 tetramer model bound to DNA. When solvated, the system size nears 500K atoms challenging extensive sampling. Using Anton2 supercomputer for microsecond-timescale simulations in explicit solvent and the rigorous Markov state model (MSM) framework, we elucidated the conformational landscape of wild-type p53 as well as two of the p53 hot-spot cancer mutants, Y220C and G245S, in a physiological DNA-bound, full-length tetramer context. In the simulated timescale, DNA-bound fl-p53 tetramer bent DNA and formed a compact complex with interactions between the N-terminal and DNA-binding domains (DBDs), and the C-terminal domains (CTDs) with DNA. WT fl-p53 tetramer also sampled a unique quaternary DBD organization not accessed by the cancer mutants. Free energy landscapes indicated differential dynamics for inner and outer p53 DBDs due to the dimer-dimer interface. The dynamics of the druggable L1/S3 pocket is also closely monitored. Ultimately the MSMs identified an underexplored loop 6 (L6) cryptic pocket and captured the effect of p53 tetramerization and cancer mutations.

Significancep53, the most important tumor suppressor in humans, is found inactivated due to single point mutations in almost 50% of all human tumors. As restoring p53 activity is shown to achieve tumor regression even in advanced tumors in mice, there is a lot of interest in finding small molecules to reactivate p53 cancer mutants. p53 has 393 residues and is an intrinsically disordered protein with multiple unstructured and dynamic domains that are known to interact with and help the function of its folded domains. Adding another level of complexity, p53 forms a tetramer to bind DNA and start its transcriptional activity. Due to its high dynamicity, p53 evades full structural characterization leaving many open questions. We generated an integrative model weaving together structures of isolated p53 domains and explored it with molecular dynamics simulations at microsecond timescale. This allowed us to monitor various unresolved aspects with atomistic detail like the dynamics of druggable pockets, the interplay of p53 domains in the physiological complex and how they change in p53 cancer mutants compared to the wild-type p53. Our study provides insights into the structure and dynamics of a key tumor suppressor protein at its physiologically relevant state of full-length tetramer bound to DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barros, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682466</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards In Situ Dynamics of DNA-bound Full-Length p53 Tetramer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AAV Kills Dividing Cells by Depleting PARP1 and Other DNA Damage Response Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a replication-defective viral vector used in hundreds of human gene therapy trials, resulting in five FDA-approved therapies. Despite this success, rAAV-based gene therapies suffer from dose-limiting toxicities, resulting in several severe adverse reactions, including death. Previously, we discovered that rAAV rapidly kills mouse NPCs in vitro and in vivo. This vector contains a minimal genome comprised of 145-base pair inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) with a T-shaped hairpin structure that appears to be necessary and sufficient for this toxicity. However, the mechanism for AAV ITR toxicity is not known, and there have been few attempts to engineer ITRs to attenuate rAAV toxicity. In the current study, we explore the molecular mechanisms that drive dose-dependent rAAV toxicity in dividing human NPCs (hNPCs) and test whether disrupting these mechanisms mitigates this toxicity. Recombinant AAV infection induces aberrant cell cycle progression with activation of the ATM /CHK1/CHK2 pathway and expression of the DNA damage markers {gamma}H2AX and 53BP1. Affinity-based proteomics indicate that AAV ITRs bind to Poly-(ADP-Ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1) and other DNA damage response (DDR) proteins involved in single-strand break repair (SSBR). Recombinant AAV infection attenuates poly-(ADP-ribose) (PAR) formation and mimics the antiproliferative effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy. Moreover, treatment of hNPCs with PARP inhibitors is sufficient to reproduce many features of rAAV-induced toxicity. Finally, we demonstrate that eliminating the T-shaped hairpin within the AAV ITR reduces binding to SSBR proteins and the resulting rAAV toxicity. These findings suggest that rAAV infection induces replication stress and cell death in dividing hNPCs by functionally depleting PARP1 and other DDR proteins that are essential for DNA replication. This work fills substantial gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms of rAAV toxicity and has important implications for the development of safer rAAV-based human gene therapies.

One Sentence SummaryThe rAAV genome binds to and depletes PARP1 and other SSBR proteins that are essential for DNA replication, resulting in DNA double stranded breaks, checkpoint activation, and cell death in dividing cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Friese, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luzbetak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gesperger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roos, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Rahahleh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willardson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lintag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saykham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Delaimy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soutipan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marchetto, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobol, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shtrahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AAV Kills Dividing Cells by Depleting PARP1 and Other DNA Damage Response Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IDBac: an open-access web platform and compendium for the identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The identification and analysis of bacteria is central to the microbiological sciences. While gene sequencing methods have been the standard to achieve this, use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), particularly in clinical microbiology, provides high-throughput identification to the subspecies level. However, biotyping has yet to be adopted outside of clinical settings due to the lack of a centralized public database of MS protein signatures that would facilitate isolate identification via spectral comparison. Further, current platforms lack meaningful ways to compare multiple properties from large numbers of bacterial isolates. Herein we present the IDBac web platform, a crowd-sourced central knowledgebase of protein MS signatures of >1400 strains spanning 6 bacterial phyla. Accompanying the knowledgebase is analysis infrastructure to identify unknown isolates, probe relationships within culture collections using metadata integration, and visualize specialized metabolite differences within groups of closely related bacteria. To highlight this utility and encourage wide community contribution, examples of each are presented.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krull, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strobel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saulog, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaroubi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulo, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mingolelli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raherisoanjato, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Silva, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fergusson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokharel, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romanowski, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monge-Loria, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dylla, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natu, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petukhova, V. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blachowicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassilly, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adaikpoh, B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCauley, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metcalf, W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugni, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullowney, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pamer, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henke, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eustaquio, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lini</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IDBac: an open-access web platform and compendium for the identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adventitial leptin receptor-expressing fibroblasts are preferential contributors to fibrotic remodeling of the heart post infarction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.14.682477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCardiac fibrosis, a hallmark of heart failure and an unmet clinical need, arises from pathological activation of pre-existing cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), but the contribution of CF heterogeneity to this process remains unclear.

MethodsMurine models were used to lineage trace or deplete a specific sub-population of CFs at baseline and after myocardial infarction (MI). Transcriptional and epigenetic differences between fibroblast subsets were assessed using next-generation sequencing. Conservation in humans was evaluated through single-cell RNA-seq datasets and histological examination.

ResultsIn mice, fibroblasts were the sole cardiac cell type expressing the signaling-capable isoform of the leptin receptor (LepR). LepR+ CFs emerged neonatally, occupied a defined niche in the coronary adventitia, exhibited enhanced hedgehog signaling, and responded to leptin. After MI, LepR-Cre+ CFs proliferated more than interstitial CFs, became a predominant fibroblast lineage in the scar, and their genetic ablation reduced fibrosis while improving function. LepR+ CFs were also detected in the human heart, where they were embedded in an adipocyte-rich niche.

ConclusionsThese findings identify adventitial fibroblasts as key drivers of pathological remodeling and demonstrate that fibroblasts, rather than cardiomyocytes, are the principal responders to leptin in the heart, redefining how this major endocrine pathway influences cardiac remodeling and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Larcher, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almolla, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiesa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andriani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wernet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tombor, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peruzzo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bussani, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacchigna, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimmeler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cattaneo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guimaraes-Camboa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.14.682477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adventitial leptin receptor-expressing fibroblasts are preferential contributors to fibrotic remodeling of the heart post infarction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PHOX2B polyalanine repeat mutation has a profound impact on the transcriptome of neuronal progenitor cells in Haddad syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutation in paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) is used as the diagnostic marker of Haddad syndrome (HS). The mutant gene/protein afflict neural crest cells during embryonic development which leads to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) and Hirschsprungs disease (HSCR). Previous studies on HS and CCHS have mainly focused on the conformational dynamics of the mutant protein and have remained controversial. Here we performed RNA-sequencing on the patient derived neuroepithelial stem cells (NESCs), pertinent to the neurodevelopmental phenotype in HS, and found that the PHOX2B-PARM has a profound impact on the transcriptional profile of the cells. The single copy of PHOX2B-PARM in heterozygote cells were leading to >10 fold differentially expressed genes. In the patient cells there was a significant enrichment of genes related to neuronal development and synapse organization mainly driven by L1CAM interactions and synaptogenesis signaling pathway. Our result not only highlight the use of a suitable model of HS but also provide a clear path for future experimental validation and downstream targets with potential therapeutic values.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stobdan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventrapragada, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesser, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PHOX2B polyalanine repeat mutation has a profound impact on the transcriptome of neuronal progenitor cells in Haddad syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An unconventional HxD motif orchestrates coatomer-dependent coronavirus morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assembly of infectious coronaviruses requires spike (S) protein trafficking by host coatomer, typically via a dibasic signal in the S cytoplasmic tail. However, the human embecoviruses HKU1 and OC43, as well as the model virus MHV, lack this motif. Here we identify a conserved His-x-Asp (HxD) sequence that functions as an unconventional coatomer-binding signal. Structural and biochemical analyses show that the MHV HxD motif engages coatomer subunits through distinct conformations, while cellular imaging demonstrates its role in directing S to assembly sites with the viral M-protein. Disruption of HxD-coatomer interactions impairs S incorporation and provokes compensatory viral adaptations, including emergence of a canonical dibasic motif or mutations in M-protein. Electron microscopy further reveals profound alterations in virion surface architecture. These findings uncover HxD as a previously unrecognized coatomer-targeting motif, highlighting an unexpected flexibility in coronavirus assembly pathways and broadening understanding of the cellular machinery that shapes coronavirus morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohona, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakya, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jemison, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erramilli, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennings, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doray, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossiakoff, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallagher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.16.682669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An unconventional HxD motif orchestrates coatomer-dependent coronavirus morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toll-like Receptor 4 Contributes to PCOS-like Metabolic and Reproductive Pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.16.682907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive disorder with heterogeneous symptoms and severity. Despite extensive research documenting chronic immune dysfunction as a hallmark of PCOS, the specific molecular mechanisms driving immune activation and its connection to the syndromes diverse symptoms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that gut-derived bacterial endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may breach the intestinal barriers in PCOS patients and trigger systemic inflammation through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system. This study investigated whether TLR4 serves as a critical mechanistic driver of PCOS pathogenesis by examining the effect of genetic TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) in a letrozole (LET)-induced mouse model of PCOS. Our results demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency reduces many PCOS-like symptoms, including elevated luteinizing hormone, anovulation, and metabolic dysfunction. TLR4 knockout also preserved estrous cycling and fertility, improved glucose tolerance, maintained gut barrier integrity, and reduced inflammatory markers in LET-treated females. These findings establish TLR4 as a key mediator orchestrating PCOSs multi-system pathology, positioning TLR4 as a critical convergence point rather than affecting individual symptoms in isolation. This novel work reveals that TLR4-mediated inflammation drives multiple PCOS pathologies, opening avenues for targeted anti-inflammatory treatments in women with this disorder.

Significance StatementPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 15% of reproductive-age women worldwide. This study reveals that TLR4, an innate immune receptor, is key to the pathophysiology of PCOS-like symptoms in female mice. When TLR4 was genetically deleted, mice treated with letrozole to induce PCOS-like symptoms maintained normal weight, glucose regulation, estrous cycling, and fertility. The improvements coincided with preserved gut barrier breakdown and reduced inflammation. These findings identify TLR4 as a key mediator between gut health, immune activation, and PCOS pathophysiology, suggesting that targeting TLR4 could offer new therapeutic approaches for this common but poorly understood syndrome affecting millions of women.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiggins, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Del Mundo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naidu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ujagar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De La Torre, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Robles, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinoco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kauffman, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thackray, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agrawal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seldin, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.16.682907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toll-like Receptor 4 Contributes to PCOS-like Metabolic and Reproductive Pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Primate ACC encodes natural vocal interactions in a cocktail party 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Cocktail Party Problem (CPP)--extracting meaningful signals amid competing voices--remains poorly understood at the neural level, particularly in real-world contexts where it emerges naturally. We investigated the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a structure implicated in social monitoring but rarely examined in relation to audition, to resolve the CPP in freely-moving marmoset monkeys engaged in ecological vocal exchanges. Analyses revealed that ACC is seemingly integral to resolving the CPP. Not only did neurons encode the calls of either the conversational partner or background callers, but this selectivity persisted even with overlapping background sounds, a hallmark of the CPP. Moreover, ACC activity reflected the conversational dynamics by encoding turn-taking structure, highlighting the importance of CPP resolution for navigating social interactions in complex natural soundscapes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lefevre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal Singh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyree, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhamel, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Primate ACC encodes natural vocal interactions in a cocktail party]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intersection of transient cell states with stable cell types in hippocampus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptome of a brain cell encodes both its stable identity and its dynamic responses to environmental stimuli. While significant progress has been made in categorizing cell types within the brain, deciphering to what extent transcriptional identity and transcriptional state are related remains a major technical and conceptual challenge. Here, we present a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing atlas of the mouse hippocampus spanning physiological and pathological stimuli and multiple circadian phases, enabling unified analysis of activity-, circadian-, and cell-type-dependent transcriptional programs. Taxonomically assigned cell types are largely stable despite the induction of different activity states, with a notable exception in the dentate gyrus. Activity and circadian rhythm each drive robust, largely nonoverlapping transcriptional responses, with convergent regulation on genes involved in specific pathways, including endocannabinoid signaling, excitability, and chromatin remodeling. These results underscore the necessity of integrating cell-type taxonomy with transcriptional state to capture how diverse cell types respond to experience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olmstead, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloodgood, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intersection of transient cell states with stable cell types in hippocampus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACE2 Phosphorylation Modulates Angiogenesis via the Activator Protein-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAngiogenesis plays a crucial role in organ development. However, aberrant blood vessel growth is involved in various diseases, including tumors and neovascular eye diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a critical enzyme regulating the health of cardiovascular system, and its post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial to determine ACE2 expression level and activity. Here, we studied how the PTM of ACE2 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) affect pathological retinal neovascularization and tumor angiogenesis.

MethodsThe angiogenic capabilities of ECs were assessed by tube formation, sprouting assays, and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and filopodia staining. EC angiogenesis was examined by poteome profiler array and aortic ring assays in vitro and by the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and tumor angiogenesis models in vivo. High-throughput screening involving data from RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and ChIP-seq were used to explore the epigenetic and transcriptional regulations of pro-angiogenic genes regualtged by ACE2 PTMs.

ResultsACE2 Ser-680 dephosphorylation in connection with Lys-788 ubiquitination increased EC angiogenic phenotype, which were manifested by aberrant vascularization in mouse OIR and tumor models. ACE2 Ser-680 dephosphorylation led to the activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), which transactivated multiple genes involved in angiogenesis. AP- 1 inhibition mitigated such angiogenesis in vivo.

ConclusionOur findings show a novel PTM mechanism of ACE2 involved in pathological angiogeneis. Specifically, ACE2 Ser-680 dephosphorylation facilitated AP-1 transactivation of the downstream pro-angiogenic genes in ECs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.-Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACE2 Phosphorylation Modulates Angiogenesis via the Activator Protein-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mathematical Modeling of Bone Remodeling after Surgical Menopause 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoporosis is a skeletal pathology characterized by decreased bone mass and structural deterioration resulting from an imbalance in bone metabolic processes. Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to an increased risk of osteoporosis, while women who have undergone complete oophorectomies display an even higher risk due to the sudden decrease in estrogen. Some evidence indicates that bone loss slows in the period beyond 15 years after surgery; however, there is substantial uncertainty in clinical data. To explore the effects of surgically induced menopausal transition, here we propose a mathematical model for the bone cell dynamical responses to sudden estrogen deficiency, which extends an existing model for osteoporosis due to aging and natural menopause. Using data on the key impacts observed in female mice and humans after bilateral oophorectomy, this new model considers the role of osteocytes embedded within the bone mineralized matrix in regulating osteoclastogenesis, which results in increased bone resorption after surgical menopause. The values of model parameters in natural and surgical menopause were estimated from aggregated human clinical data from existing longitudinal studies. The new model effectively captures the previously unmodeled increase in bone loss during the first 15 years post-surgical menopause and the rebound in bone mineral density in the long-term. With this model, effects of treatments on targeting osteocyte dynamics could be explored in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer-Holzhausen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keeler Bruce, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gholami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford Versypt, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.19.683313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mathematical Modeling of Bone Remodeling after Surgical Menopause]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tryptoline Stereoprobe Elaboration Identifies Inhibitors of the GRPEL1-HSPA9 Chaperone Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activity-based protein profiling has identified hundreds of proteins from diverse classes that react at specific cysteine residues with stereochemically defined electrophilic compounds (stereoprobes) in human cells. The structure-activity relationships underlying these stereoprobe-protein interactions, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that the protein interaction landscape of tryptoline acrylamide stereoprobes can be profoundly altered by structural modifications distal to the acrylamide reactive group. The majority of stereoprobe liganding events occurred at non-orthosteric sites and mostly evaded assignment by the machine learning-based co-folding model Boltz-2, which instead tended to misplace the stereoprobes in orthosteric pockets (an outcome we term "orthostery burnout"). We found that stereoprobes reacting with C124 in the nucleotide exchange factor GRPEL1 disrupt interactions with the mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone HSPA9/mortalin, leading to impairments in mitochondrial protein import and induction of mitophagy. Our results highlight tryptoline acrylamides as a versatile source of covalent ligands targeting non-orthosteric sites on proteins, including tool compounds that perturb the mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayward, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkeley, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garhammer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morizono, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njomen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMeester, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cociorva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, F.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melillo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cravatt, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tryptoline Stereoprobe Elaboration Identifies Inhibitors of the GRPEL1-HSPA9 Chaperone Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Brain Dynamics of Mental Manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans effortlessly juggle their internal thoughts, but the neuronal dynamics that support mental manipulation are largely unknown. Leveraging the high spatiotemporal fidelity of intracranial recordings in humans (N = 30), we provide evidence that mental sound manipulation involves the inhibition of sensory cortex and the coordinated engagement of memory and control networks. This modulation manifests in two ways. First, there is a shift in the balance between faster (> 30 Hz) and slower (< 30 Hz) dynamics in primary and secondary auditory areas, suggesting a decrease in local excitability. Second, there is a distributed increase in oscillatory synchrony (6-10 Hz), which predicts imagery vividness and task performance. This evidence points to a key role of local excitability and inter-areal synchrony in the manipulation of thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quiroga-Martinez, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Rubio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonetti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blenkmann, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Endestad, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solbakk, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meling, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabricius, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McManus, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willie, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dastjerdi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Brain Dynamics of Mental Manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated multiomics reveals inflammation-driven excessive erythrocytosis in subjects with Monge's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monges disease, or Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS), is a chronic high-altitude disorder characterized by hypoxia-induced excessive erythrocytosis (EE), elevating the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, we profiled iPSC-derived erythroid cells from CMS and non-CMS subjects under normoxia and hypoxia to identify statistically significant, disease-associated transcriptional and chromatin accessibility changes. RNA-seq revealed induction of inflammatory, stress, and erythropoiesis programs in CMS even under normoxia, including robust activation of JAK/STAT signaling, upregulation of heme metabolism and VEGF, and accelerated erythrocyte lineage commitment alongside repression of Notch and WNT/{beta}-catenin. Hypoxia amplified this dysregulated state, and critically, activated NF{kappa}B-driven inflammatory signaling together with canonical HIF targets. ATAC-seq revealed pronounced hypoxia-induced changes, with increased accessibility within inflammatory and erythrocyte lineage genes occurring concomitantly with decreased accessibility within pluripotency and ectodermal lineage genes. Pharmacological NF{kappa}B inhibition in CMS cells significantly reduced EE (p-value <0.0001), whereas NF{kappa}B activation in non-CMS cells was sufficient to drive EE (p-value <0.01), confirming the causal role inferred by our multiomics analyses. Collectively, our multiomics and functional experiments substantiate a coordinated chromatin-transcription paradigm favoring an inflammatory axis that, through hypoxia-driven NF{kappa}B activation, accelerates stress-induced erythroid commitment and underlies EE in CMS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Azad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villafuerte, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banihani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated multiomics reveals inflammation-driven excessive erythrocytosis in subjects with Monge's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of Marrow Microenvironments in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by High-Resolution Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with increased fracture risk unexplained by standard bone density scans, suggesting underlying microstructural alterations. To investigate this, we used high-resolution synchrotron micro-computed tomography (SR{micro}CT) on bone marrow biopsies from 17 CLL patients, who were stratified into low and high infiltration groups using objective, data-driven clustering. To our knowledge, this is the first report to quantify these changes.

High CLL marrow infiltration was associated with a 40.3% reduction in lacuna density and a 101% increase in the normalized adipose surface area-to-volume ratio, a metric indicating greater structural fragmentation. Both changes correlated with leukemic infiltration percentage and showed partial reversal after therapy in a longitudinal case. Furthermore, high CLL burden significantly altered the morphological distributions of the remaining lacunar osteocyte (p < 0.001). We identify a novel marrow remodeling phenotype in CLL characterized by osteocyte depletion and adipose disruption. These changes likely contribute to skeletal fragility and represent potential microstructural biomarkers for assessing marrow health more accurately than conventional imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obata, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomicter, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kikani, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sborov, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of Marrow Microenvironments in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by High-Resolution Synchrotron Micro-Computed Tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Memory recall errors reflect interacting sensory and mnemonic representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visual working memory (WM) enables the maintenance of information that is no longer present in the environment. Some accounts propose that WM is supported by abstract representations so that new sensory inputs do not interfere with existing memories. Others posit that early sensory representations are recruited to maintain memory precision, potentially at the cost of interference caused by new inputs. Here we tested these accounts using an orientation recall task to determine whether memory errors reflect interacting representations of sensory and mnemonic information. We found that adding noise to the memoranda and presenting feature-neutral distractors independently increased recall errors. However, distractors that shared a feature with remembered stimuli led to systematic attractive biases such that memory errors were pulled toward the orientation of the distractor. The magnitude of this bias was modulated by both stimulus noise and whether the distractor was behaviorally relevant. Our results demonstrate that while working memory can utilize abstract representations, it remains susceptible to feature-specific sensory interference, suggesting partial reliance on sensory-like codes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kular, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serences, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Memory recall errors reflect interacting sensory and mnemonic representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal transmission of a plastid structure enhances offspring fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development in the sea has long been thought to be a nutritional gamble that disproportionately ends in starvation. Here, we unexpectedly show that components of plastids are incorporated into sea urchin eggs and that these, in turn, benefit developmental fitness. We find chromoplast-derived carotenoid crystals and chromoplast-specific metabolites inside of sea urchin eggs. The light-dependent activity of these chromoplast components influence the subsequent abundance of phytohormones that, in turn, regulate the use of energetic lipids that promote development and survival. Offspring that benefit from these chromoplast components are predicted to disperse further, over larger geographic areas, and use a wider range of currents, including those that cross ocean basins. Data presented here challenge the long-held assumption that components of non-metazoan organelles are unable to enter the germline and be passed between generations. We hypothesize that sea urchins manipulate plastids solely for their self-interest by a process that we term  machioplasty, with the result of this process being a novel and adaptive form of maternal provisioning.

SIGNIFICANCEMaking a fertilizable egg is a complex and carefully regulated process. One long-held assumption is that any component of non-animal organelles are unable to cross the evolutionary valley between non-reproductive and reproductive cells. Here, we unexpectedly show that components of plastids are incorporated into sea urchin eggs and that these, in turn, benefit developmental fitness. Offspring benefit from these plastid components by developing more quickly into larvae and having higher survival due to ability to use phytohormones that influence energetic lipids. This allows offspring to use a wider range of ocean currents, including those that cross entire basins. This challenge the long-held assumption that components of non-metazoan organelles are unable to be passed between generations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrier, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rufino-Navarro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoop, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Repnik, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Needham, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzenburg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramkamp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rath, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biastoch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hentschel, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal transmission of a plastid structure enhances offspring fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide approach for pediatric genetic epilepsies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary ParagraphVariants in ion channel genes are common causes of pediatric epilepsy, often leading to intractable seizures, developmental delay and other comorbidities, which increases risk of death. Pathogenic variants in the SCN8A gene, which encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel critical for action potential generation in the brain, account for [~]1% of genetic epilepsies. The voltage sensor in SCN8A domain 1 is encoded by one of two developmentally-regulated mutually exclusive alternative exons, 5N and 5A. We observe that variants in these exons are more likely to cause infantile spasms, a severe seizure type, than variants elsewhere in SCN8A, and that some pathogenic variants affect exon 5 splicing, impacting patient phenotype. Molecular and evolutionary analyses implicate the exon sequences of these and other voltage-gated ion channel alternative exons in splicing regulation. We identified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that shift splicing of SCN8A exon 5N to 5A or vice versa. These ASOs normalize neuronal activity in patient-derived iPSC neurons, and reduce seizures and motor impairment and extend lifespan in a new exon 5N mutant mouse model. Our results demonstrate that splice-switching ASOs can effectively reduce the expression of pathogenic isoforms and rescue both seizure and non-seizure phenotypes. Similar approaches should be applicable to pediatric genetic epilepsies caused by mutations in other ion channel alternative exons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dame, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopalle, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minana, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klaft, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWatters, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suresh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aigner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammer, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuskaitis, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teaney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valcarcel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oudin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide approach for pediatric genetic epilepsies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.684062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin suppresses melanoma progression and drug resistance through multitargeted modulation of signaling pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.684062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDespite advances in targeted and immune-based therapies, melanoma remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers. Resistance to small-molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade highlights the need for new mechanistically distinct interventions. Catestatin (CST), a Chromogranin A (CgA)- derived peptide with immunomodulatory and reparative properties, has been implicated in tissue protection, but its role in melanoma remains unknown.

MethodsCST expression was analyzed across melanoma stages and correlated with disease progression. Functional effects of CST were assessed in patient-derived and established melanoma cell lines, as well as in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses were performed to delineate CST-regulated molecular networks. Vemurafenib-resistant A375 cells were used to examine CSTs effects on drug resistance mechanisms.

ResultsCST expression declined with advancing tumor stage. CST treatment inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inducing apoptosis in melanoma cells but not in normal fibroblasts. In vivo, systemic CST administration significantly reduced tumor volume and mass. Transcriptomic profiling revealed coordinated downregulation of hypoxia-inducible, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and collagen-remodeling pathways, alongside suppression of oxidative stress-adaptive signaling. In Vemurafenib-resistant A375 cells, CST restored apoptotic sensitivity and repressed multiple MAPK and PI3K-AKT-linked resistance genes.

ConclusionsCST acts as a mechanistically distinct peptide modulator that reprograms oncogenic signaling through inhibition of hypoxia, EMT, and survival pathways. These findings identify CST as a promising therapeutic prototype for mitigating melanoma progression and overcoming resistance to targeted therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.684062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin suppresses melanoma progression and drug resistance through multitargeted modulation of signaling pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.680922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of environmental data during a lagrangian experiment: The influence of vertical movements. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.680922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigating the time evolution of physical and biochemical properties of the ocean with in situ sampling can follow two approaches: Eulerian and Lagrangian. In the Eulerian approach, repeated measurements are taken at fixed locations, whereas the sampling point moves with the displacement of a water parcel in the Lagrangian approach. During the BLOOFINZ-IO cruise off northwest Australia, four Lagrangian experiments ("cycles") were conducted with multidisciplinary sampling done at regular intervals for several days following a satellite tracked drifter with mixed-layer drogue. To test the Lagrangian nature of these experiments, we adapted the Bindoff and McDougall (1994) approach for decomposing observed changes between adjacent CTD profiles into components due to vertical movement (heaving) and those occurring along isopycnal surfaces. Profile depth variability was mainly driven by vertical displacements of isopycnals (internal waves), while temperature, chlorophyll, oxygen and salinity were relatively stable when observed on isopycnal surfaces across all casts within the same cycle, and different on average between cycles. Our analysis clearly indicated that density surface was a more appropriate vertical coordinate than physical depth for assessing real environmental variability during each cycle and confirmed the Lagrangian character of the experiments. While the BLOOFINZ cruise serves as a case study, the methodology can be readily extended to analyze other biochemical variables in different ocean regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romero-Fernandez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas-Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrego-Santos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laiz-Carrion, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>QUINTANILLA, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas-Yanez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.680922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of environmental data during a lagrangian experiment: The influence of vertical movements.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.683531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting serine dehydratase supports amino acid homeostasis and skin repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.683531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serine and glycine are altered in patients with metabolic disorders, and this dysregulation can lead to diverse pathologies1-6. Modulation of serine levels via diet can influence relevant phenotypes in mouse models of metabolic syndrome7,8. Here we identify serine dehydratase (Sds), a gluconeogenic hepatic enzyme involved in serine and threonine catabolism, as a key regulator of systemic serine and sphingolipid metabolism. We show that SDS is expressed and active in human liver tissue. Furthermore, Sds abundance strongly correlates with hepatic serine. This enzyme is highly active in BKS-db/db mice, which show amino acid alterations reminiscent of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic Sds overexpression increases serine and threonine degradation and promotes the accumulation of toxic 1-deoxysphingolipids (doxSLs). Conversely, Sds deletion dramatically increases systemic serine, glycine, and threonine while altering canonical and non-canonical sphingolipids. Finally, Sds deletion in BKS-db/db mice reduces skin doxSLs and accelerates wound healing. Our results demonstrate that Sds constrains serine levels in circulation and suggest therapeutic approaches for targeting this enzyme to improve chronic disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joulia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arechiga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laguerre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruchhoeft, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainaldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handzlik, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallon, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kisseleva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantner, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metallo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.683531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting serine dehydratase supports amino acid homeostasis and skin repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping RNA-Binding Proteins on the Ribosome by Tethered Micrococcal Nuclease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression, influencing mRNA processing, translation, and stability. Defining their binding sites on RNA is key to understanding how they assemble into functional ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, but existing footprinting and crosslinking approaches often yield low signal-to-noise, variable efficiency, or require highly purified complexes. To address these limitations, we developed Tethered Micrococcal Nuclease Mapping (TM-map), a sequencing-based strategy that determines the three-dimensional binding sites of RBPs on RNA. In TM-map, the RBP is fused to micrococcal nuclease (MNase), which upon Ca{superscript 2} activation cleaves proximal RNA regions, producing fragments whose 3' termini report the spatial proximity of the fusion. We first validated TM-map using the bacteriophage MS2 coat protein bound to its cognate RNA stem-loop engineered into the Escherichia coli ribosome. Cleavage sites mapped within [~]15 [A] of the stem-loop, confirming that tethered MNase accurately reports local structure on the ribosome surface. We then applied TM-map to the Drosophila Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), a translational regulator with an unresolved ribosome-binding site. Both N-and C-terminal MNase-FMRP fusions produced reproducible cleavage clusters on the 18S rRNA localized to the body and head of the 40S subunit. The similar profiles suggest that FMRPs termini are conformationally flexible and sample multiple orientations relative to the ribosome, consistent with a dynamic interaction rather than a fixed binding mode. TM-map thus provides a simple, high-resolution, and generalizable approach for visualizing RBP-RNA interactions within native RNP assemblies.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping RNA-Binding Proteins on the Ribosome by Tethered Micrococcal Nuclease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interregional human assembloids recapitulate fetal brain morphologies and enhance neuronal complexity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal morphology governs how neurons connect, integrate, and process information, offering critical insights into the functional architecture of the brain. Characterizing the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of individual neurons is key not only for mapping circuit connectivity but also for understanding the cellular diversity that emerges during development. Neural organoids are valuable models of human brain development and disease, yet their morphological complexity remains poorly characterized despite advances in single-cell transcriptomics. Here, we use 3D confocal imaging and manual reconstruction of 735 neurons to analyze forebrain (dorsal and ventral) and thalamic (dorsal and ventral) organoids, as well as forebrain, thalamic, and corticothalamic assembloids. We find that organoids and assembloids exhibit distinct morphologies resembling fetal brain neurons, including immature pyramidal-like, double-bouquet, and bushy-like neurons. Interregional assembloids show greater neuronal morphological complexity than individual organoids, with more extensive dendritic branching, longer projections, and diverse soma shapes. Corticothalamic assembloids further display features of emerging connectivity. We observe dendritic spines with excitatory and inhibitory profiles and varicosities, indicative of maturing synaptic architecture. Together, our work makes an initial effort in describing the diversity of neuronal morphology in human neural organoids and assembloids. It further establishes structural phenotyping as a critical dimension for validating human neural models and underscores their value for modeling morphofunctional disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antunes, A. S. L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Athie, M. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silveira, A. C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos, J. V. R. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrvoj-Mihic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canateli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meidanis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasia-Filho, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avansini, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interregional human assembloids recapitulate fetal brain morphologies and enhance neuronal complexity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.25.684559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct identification of de novo mobile element insertions from single molecule sequencing of human sperm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.25.684559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mobile element insertions (MEIs) are a significant source of human genetic variation, yet the rates and properties of de novo MEIs are poorly characterized due to technical limitations in sequencing technology. Here, we directly sequenced individual gametes from sperm samples of 14 donors (aged 28-62) using highly accurate PacBio long-read sequencing to identify de novo retrotransposition events without familial inference. We developed a "self-alignment" strategy using personal genome assemblies that enables high-precision, single-read detection of de novo MEIs. Using this method, we identified 51 de novo Alu insertions, revealing 7-fold variation in Alu retrotransposition rates between individuals (0.023 to 0.17 insertions/gamete). We found a significant increase in Alu activity with paternal age, yielding an additional 0.003 insertions/gamete/year, of additional paternal age, representing a direct observation of age-associated increases in structural variant (SV) mutation rates. These active Alu elements are predominantly comprised of the evolutionarily young AluYa5 and AluYb8 subfamilies and bear characteristic molecular signatures of target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT). Our population-averaged rate of 7.4 insertions per 100 gametes aligns well with previous population genetic estimates, validating both direct observation and population approaches for estimating de novo MEI rates. These results establish direct gamete sequencing as a powerful method for characterizing germline mutation processes and reveal age as a significant determinant of de novo retrotransposition in the male germline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aston, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinlan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudmant, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.25.684559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct identification of de novo mobile element insertions from single molecule sequencing of human sperm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of heterogeneity in a β-cell network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic islets are micro-organs composed of multiple endocrine cell types. {beta}-cells are the most common of these and are highly heterogeneous in both their intrinsic properties, such as ion channel conductances and metabolic activity, and extrinsic properties, including gap junction coupling and paracrine signaling. Capturing these diverse sources of heterogeneity is essential for computational models that aim to reproduce islet function. We evaluate two established multicellular models, the coupled Cha-Noma model of the mouse {beta}-cell network, and the Riz human model. Prior work with these two models suggest that the Cha-Noma model involves minimal intrinsic heterogeneity and therefore bursts with highly synchronized activity, whereas heterogeneity in the Riz model prescribed from in vitro patch-clamp results in highly unsynchronized behavior of the coupled network. We hypothesize that adjusting the number of bursting cells in both model formulations may invoke more physiologically realistic network coordination. We applied a categorical sensitivity analysis to establish which parameters are most important for determining bursting in single cells of the Riz model. We also introduced new heterogeneity (based on single-cell gene expression) in parameters that had previously been treated as invariant among {beta}-cells. We hypothesized that introducing heterogeneity in the small conductance Ca2+ K+ channel in particular could promote a higher proportion of bursting cells. Lastly, both models fail to incorporate the influences of non-{beta}-cells. We introduced paracrine signaling between  and {beta}-cells into the coupled Cha-Noma model and showed it plays a role in accelerating the response time of {beta}-cells to acute glucose stimulation (i.e. promotes a 1st responder phenotype).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khaddaj, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of heterogeneity in a β-cell network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term prevention of aneuploidy in human pluripotent stem cells by fine-tuning GSK3 activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are critical cell sources to model human development and hold promise towards regenerative medicine. However, cultured hPSCs quickly acquire chromosome gains or losses (aneuploidy) due to high replicative stress and errors in chromosome segregation, which hampers their use for stem cell therapies. We have recently described that embryo patterning signals control chromosome segregation fidelity during early human lineage specification by modulating the response to replicative stress. Here, we demonstrate that fine-tuned activation of WNT signalling using off-the-shelf GSK3 inhibitors prevents chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy during long term passaging of hPSCs. Lineage-specification and sequencing analyses demonstrate that hPSCs culture with E8 supplemented with a low dosage of GSK3 inhibitors retain primed pluripotency and full potential to the differentiation into the 3 germ layers for over 30 passages. Strikingly, detailed mitotic studies revealed that long-term cultured hPSCs often display ultra-fine chromosome bridges during anaphase due to unreplicated DNA, which can result in hitherto uncharacterised copy-number-variations and other genomic aberrations. We show that culture with low dosage of the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021, but not direct attenuation of DNA replication stress using nucleosides, prevents mitotic DNA synthesis and the formation of ultra-fine bridges during long term hPSC passage. Taken together, we propose to enrich E8 culture media with 100 nM CHIR99021 to maintain euploidy in primed hPSCs, and to routinely map for genomic alterations, in addition to aneuploidy, for modelling and regenerative medicine studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Jaime-Soguero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romitti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costagliola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jauch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willert, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foijer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez Acebron, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term prevention of aneuploidy in human pluripotent stem cells by fine-tuning GSK3 activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutating different α-tubulin acetylation sites has distinct effects on axon terminal morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubules are created from uniform - and {beta}-tubulin building blocks but typically carry out a variety of specialized functions within a cell. The post-translational modification of tubulin is one means by which microtubule function can be tuned to match different cellular activities. While multiple sites of acetylation have been identified in tubulin, particularly -tubulin, the effect of acetylation at different sites on microtubule function remains poorly characterized. Here, we took a genetic approach in Drosophila to disrupt three conserved sites of acetylation (K326, K370, K401) in endogenous -tubulin and characterized the effects on neuronal development. Acetylation-blocking mutagenesis of -tubulin K326 (K326A) perturbed larval locomotion and reduced axon terminal growth at the neuromuscular junction. These deficits were accompanied by a reduction in stable microtubules, suggesting that the -tubulin K326A mutation exerts its effect by disrupting microtubule stability. In contrast, mutagenesis of -tubulin K370 and K401 had virtually no effect on microtubule stability, suggesting that the effects of these mutations on axon terminal morphogenesis and survival may be mediated through a different mechanism. Altogether, the varied effects of these mutations suggests that acetylation at these three different sites may regulate different aspects of microtubule function within developing neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Than, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schauer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wildonger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutating different α-tubulin acetylation sites has distinct effects on axon terminal morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systems modeling of mitochondrial dynamics in different exercise regimes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exercise stimulates skeletal muscle signaling and mitochondrial metabolism. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondrial dynamics (i.e., fission and fusion) could be regulated by exercise. Yet, there are knowledge gaps on the following questions: (i) which upstream signals are necessary and sufficient to bias mitochondria toward fission versus fusion? (ii) How does cellular energy status and ROS partition control between DRP1 and MFN/OPA1? And (iii) which combinations of intensity and duration produce similar cytosolic signals but distinct mitochondrial remodeling? To address these gaps, we developed an integrative computational framework that connects exercise regimens to mitochondria fission-fusion machinery by linking blood-myofiber energetics in cytosol and mitochondria to skeletal muscle signaling network. The influence of three exercise regimen (i.e., sprint, resistance, and endurance) on mitochondrial fission and fusion was simulated. Classified qualitative validation of signaling network model against studies not used in developing the model achieved 80% accuracy. The model predicts regimen-specific dynamics starting with acute DRP1-driven fission during exercise followed by MFN1/2-OPA1-mediated re-fusion as energy stress declines, consistent with a cyclical triage-then-rebuild paradigm. Changes are most pronounced and sustained with endurance, sharp but brief with sprint, and minimal with resistance. Global sensitivity analysis identified AMPK/PGC-1[-&gt;]MFN1/2 as dominant fusion drivers, ROS and AMPK[-&gt;]MFF/DRP1 as primary fission switches, and Ca{superscript 2}-calmodulin, ERK, and LKB1/AMPK as shared regulators of fission and fusion. Our model also predicts that an endurance base, augmented with 1-2 weekly high intensity interval traning (HIIT)/ sprint interval training (SIT) sessions could maximize AMPK-ROS pulses and mitochondrial fission-fusion. This framework unifies muscles signaling logic with the energetic state to explain how intensity-volume combinations, bout spacing, and kinase modulation tune mitochondrial remodeling, yielding testable predictions for optimizing training and adjuvant therapies for enhanced human performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khalilimeybodi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systems modeling of mitochondrial dynamics in different exercise regimes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differentiating the Roles of Metabolic Similarity and Ionic Coupling in Determining the Beta Hub Cell Phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic beta cells regulate circulating glucose levels by releasing insulin. Beta cells transduce elevated blood glucose into electrical activity through an intrinsic cascade of metabolic and electrophysiologic responses. These responses are synchronized across the electrically connected network of beta cells, such that insulin release is also relatively synchronous. Despite their coordinated behavior, individual beta cells exhibit significant functional heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is thought to provide cells with specific functional phenotypes the ability to control the activity of the broader network. Hub cells, identified by their synchronized [Ca2+] activity, are one such functional subpopulation, and are believed to orchestrate the second, oscillatory phase of insulin release. However, it remains unclear whether the cell-autonomous characteristics of hub cells, such as their metabolic activity and electrophysiologic properties, are more important than their network characteristics (i.e. gap junctional coupling) for their ability to influence broader network activity. In this study, we investigate the roles of intrinsic metabolic and electrophysiologic properties and ionic coupling in determining the beta hub cell phenotype. Using a computational islet model of 1,000 beta cells, our analysis revealed that both intrinsic metabolic properties and structural coupling via gap junctions are crucial for determining the hub cell phenotype. After investigating the intrinsic coupling conductance of neighboring cells and the number of structural (direct electrical) links as independent contributors to the hub cells local electrical coupling, we find that the number of cells to which a beta cell is directly coupled may be a key determinant of its propensity to serve as a hub cell in the model. As predicted for this subpopulation, we also demonstrate that decoupling hub cells impairs the functional connectivity of the entire network. Our findings indicate the importance of both autonomous cellular dynamics and non-autonomous structural coupling for the hub cell phenotype. These insights help build a fundamental understanding of hub cells, which in turn may contribute to identifying potential approaches to preserve or improve beta cell function and thereby manage the progression of diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devold, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokstad, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differentiating the Roles of Metabolic Similarity and Ionic Coupling in Determining the Beta Hub Cell Phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A FINITE ELEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR BULK-SURFACE COUPLED PDES TO SOLVE MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS IN BIOPHYSICS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We consider moving boundary problems for biophysics and introduce a new computational framework to handle the complexity of the bulk-surface PDEs. In our framework, interpretability is maintained by adapting the fast, generalizable and accurate structure preservation scheme in [29]. We show that mesh distortion is mitigated by adopting the pioneering work of [36], which is tied to an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) framework. We test our algorithms accuracy on moving surfaces with boundary for the following PDEs: advection-diffusion-reaction equations, phase-field models of Cahn-Hilliard type, and Helfrich energy gradient flows. We performed convergence studies for all the schemes introduced to demonstrate accuracy. We use a staggered approach to achieve coupling and further verify the convergence of this coupling using numerical experiments. Finally, we demonstrate broad applicability of our work by simulating state-of-the-art tests of biophysical models that involve membrane deformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Contri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A FINITE ELEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR BULK-SURFACE COUPLED PDES TO SOLVE MOVING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS IN BIOPHYSICS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of Synaptic Communication through Molecularly Engineered Bioluminescence Light Emission and Sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synapses are sites of intercellular communication between neurons and from neurons to target organs, and of signal integration that underly physiological and behavioral responses. We have developed a modular platform, Interluminescence (Int), for experimental control of synaptic transmission: bioluminescent light, generated by a luciferase oxidizing a luciferin, from a presynaptic neuron is used to activate transsynaptic optogenetic ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron. Two strategies can activate or silence postsynaptic neurons in vivo in the presence of luciferin. In the  Act-Int approach, a luciferase is genetically expressed in synaptic vesicles and released during depolarization-induced presynaptic vesicle fusion and exocytosis. In the  Persist-Int approach, a luciferase is tethered to the presynaptic membrane where it can support sustained transsynaptic signaling. Both strategies can activate postsynaptic neurons with similar efficacy. By design, the modularity of the platform permits the use of luciferases and opsins ranging in brightness and light sensitivity, and the luciferase can be targeted to different subcellular regions of the presynaptic neuron. Our results demonstrate the utility and versatility of Interluminescence to mediate synapse-specific transmission that is either activity-dependent or activity-independent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slaviero, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumaker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crespo, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tree, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaner, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipscombe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochgeschwender, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of Synaptic Communication through Molecularly Engineered Bioluminescence Light Emission and Sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Personalised whole-body modelling links gut microbiota to metabolic perturbations in Alzheimer's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human gut microbiome has been linked to metabolic disturbances in Alzheimers disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which gut microbes might influence metabolic dysfunction in AD remain poorly understood. Previously, we used constraint-based metabolic modelling to associate an increased risk of AD with altered production of microbiome-derived metabolites. In this study, we investigated whether these previous results can also be identified in AD patients. Therefore, we created personalised whole-body metabolic models from gut metagenomics samples from 34 AD dementia patients, 51 individuals with mild cognitive impairments, and 298 healthy controls. These in silico models were profiled to predict the metabolic influences of gut microbiomes on blood metabolites with previously reported alterations in AD. We found an increased capacity of AD host-microbiome co-metabolism to produce S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-arginine, creatine, taurine, and formate in the blood of AD dementia patients and patients with mild cognitive impairments. The metabolic predictions were then mechanistically linked to gut microbial changes in AD. This analysis identified that increased relative abundances of Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides thetaiotamicron were key factors driving the predicted metabolic changes. Furthermore, the predicted altered microbial influences on blood metabolites were also associated with allelic variations in the APOE risk gene in healthy individuals, which confirmed our previous findings. In conclusion, we identified blood metabolites whose perturbations in AD may be influenced by gut microbiota and predicted the key microbial drivers for these metabolic influences. These findings may facilitate the development of microbiome-informed treatments of AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hensen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmoudiandehkordi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blach, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer Gut Microbiome Project Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaddurah-Daouk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiele, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Personalised whole-body modelling links gut microbiota to metabolic perturbations in Alzheimer's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal Microbial Ecoevolutionary Dynamics on the International Space Station 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study presents the most comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of the ISS microbiome to date. Over a seven-year period, 184 surface samples were collected for live/dead metagenomic profiling, phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence among 102 cultured isolates, and metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analysis to evaluate evolutionary selection pressures. Despite ecological stability, comparative genomics revealed ongoing microevolution through lateral gene transfer and selection for traits (e.g., radiation resistance and biocide tolerance). Importantly, predictions of AMR and virulence frequently misaligned with experimental outcomes, underscoring the need for functional validation. This dataset highlights a stable core microbiome that persists across years, punctuated by localized adaptation and gene flow. The ISS microbiome exemplifies both ecological resilience and microevolutionary innovation that can inform risk management for long-duration spaceflight.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minnis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salas Garcia, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahnert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lax, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rushton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkateswaran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal Microbial Ecoevolutionary Dynamics on the International Space Station]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupling Step-Wise Motility and Traction Force Patterns in chemotaxing cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemotaxing Dictyostelium discoideum cells migrate in a step-wise fashion characterized by periodic protrusion, contraction, and rear retraction cycles accompanied by distinct traction force patterns. Traction force microscopy reveals two stationary force spots that exchange identity as the cell advances and generate a convergent stress pattern with both axial and lateral components. To investigate the physical origin of these traction patterns, we developed a continuum, phase-field model that couples cytosolic flow, active stresses, and substrate friction within a cell with a deformable morpholgy. The model incorporates protrusive forces at the front, contractile stresses at the rear and sides, and spatially localized adhesive regions that undergo cyclic activation. While this baseline model reproduces persistent motion, it fails to capture the experimentally observed traction force patterns and cell morphology. Guided by new experiments visualizing myosin dynamics, we extended the model to include a localized contractile myosin patch positioned between the two adhesive regions. This modification yields cell shapes, speeds, and convergent traction patterns consistent with experimental measurements. The results demonstrate that a centrally positioned myosin patch is sufficient to generate the step-wise migration cycle and the characteristic convergent traction pattern of Dictyostelium cells, providing a mechanistic link between intracellular contractility, cytosolic flow, and force transmission during amoeboid motility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria-Alar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupling Step-Wise Motility and Traction Force Patterns in chemotaxing cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stimulation with ECoG electrodes modulates cortical activity and sensory processing in the awake mouse brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electrical stimulation has been widely used to probe neural network properties and treat dysfunction. Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes, long used for activity monitoring, can also stimulate the brain in a minimally invasive and chronic manner. However, how cortical surface electrical stimulation impacts cortical network activity remains poorly understood. Using in vivo calcium imaging in the awake mouse brain with chronically implanted ECoG electrodes, we measured how electrical stimulation modulates the activity of visual cortical neurons, including during concurrent visual stimulation. We found that cortical surface electrical stimulation initially activates L2/3 neurons followed by prolonged inhibition lasting seconds after stimulation. Electrical stimulation suppresses the activity of neurons at their preferred grating orientation but enhances their responses to non-preferred visual stimuli, thereby reducing sensory feature selectivity. By measuring how electrical stimulation modulates the activity of inhibitory neuron subtypes including PV, SST, and NDNF interneurons, we propose a circuit model in which L1 NDNF interneurons are strongly activated by cortical electrical stimulation and, in turn, inhibit L2/3 excitatory neurons and PV interneurons through volume transmission of GABA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tchoe, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vatsyayan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dayeh, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halgren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stimulation with ECoG electrodes modulates cortical activity and sensory processing in the awake mouse brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.683583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of the Lacunar Canalicular Network in Type 2 Diabetes: Impaired Osteocyte Connectivity in Zucker Diabetic Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.683583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 2 diabetes affects multiple organ systems, including the skeletal system. Diabetes reduces bones mechanical properties and impacts bone cells, such as osteocytes, which are crucial to preserving bone health. Osteocytes maintain bone health through the lacunar canalicular network (LCN), a highly interconnected system vital for remodeling, mechanotransduction, and nutrient transport. Yet the specific impact diabetes has on this network has remained unclear. Here, we used confocal laser scanning microscopy combined with advanced connectomics modeling to achieve high-resolution, three-dimensional reconstructions of the LCN in Zucker Diabetic Sprague Dawley rats, a polygenic model that closely mimics human type 2 diabetes. Diabetes profoundly disrupted LCN connectivity in the femoral mid-cortex, with canalicular and node density reduced by 21% and 30%, respectively. Additionally, we observed a 30-40% increase in lacunar density and highly connected nodes. These architectural shifts impair bone permeability, diminishing mechanosensitivity and compromising nutrient and oxygen transport. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism of skeletal fragility in diabetes and highlight the LCN as a promising therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sieverts, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gyulassy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juluru, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pascucci, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.683583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of the Lacunar Canalicular Network in Type 2 Diabetes: Impaired Osteocyte Connectivity in Zucker Diabetic Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A more comprehensive and reliable analysis of individual differences with generalized random forest for high-dimensional data: validation and guidelines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Analyzing individual differences in treatment or exposure effects is a central challenge in psychology and behavioral sciences. Conventional statistical models have focused on average treatment effects, overlooking individual variability, and struggling to identify key moderators. Generalized Random Forest (GRF) can predict individualized treatment effects, but current implementations suffer from two critical limitations: (1) prediction performances vary substantially across random initializations, and (2) identification of key moderator is limited in high-dimensional settings. Here, we introduce two methodological advances to address these issues. First, a seed ensemble strategy stabilizes predictions by aggregating models trained under different random initializations. Second, a backward elimination procedure systematically identifies key moderators from high-dimensional inputs. Simulation analyses across diverse scenarios demonstrate that our approach achieves reliable and valid predictions across random seeds, improved performance in moderator identification, and robust generalization to independent data. To facilitate adoption and interpretation, we provide step-by-step guidance using large-scale neuroimaging dataset (N = 8,778) with reusable code. These enhancements make GRF more reliable for modeling individual differences in treatment effects, supporting data-driven hypothesis generation, and identification of responsive subgroups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A more comprehensive and reliable analysis of individual differences with generalized random forest for high-dimensional data: validation and guidelines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
igv-reports: Embedding interactive genomic visualizations in HTML reports to aid variant review 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.29.685397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present igv-reports, a command-line tool to create standalone HTML pages embedding interactive genomic visualizations of read alignments and associated annotations to support variant inspection workflows. The reports contain all data and code required for visualization of the variant sites, with no dependencies on the input data files.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorvaldsdottir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesirov, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.29.685397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[igv-reports: Embedding interactive genomic visualizations in HTML reports to aid variant review]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.681251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix rigidity controls breast cancer metastasis via TYK2-mediated mechanotransduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.681251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate various cellular processes. In breast cancer, increased tumor stiffness is associated with elevated metastasis risk and poor survival. We identify a unique role of the JAK family kinase TYK2 in suppressing breast cancer metastasis under low ECM stiffness. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TYK2 in mammary acini and patient-derived organoids leads to invasion at low ECM stiffness by promoting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, which is independent of cytokine-induced JAK/STAT signaling. TYK2 blockade promotes metastasis in breast tumor cell- and patient-derived xenografts. TYK2 localizes at the plasma membrane via IFNAR1 association under low stiffness, but it becomes cytoplasmic and inactivated at high stiffness. Normal human breast epithelium displays membrane-localized TYK2, whereas invasive breast tumors exhibit cytoplasmic TYK2. These findings uncover a TYK2-dependent mechanism by which ECM rigidity suppresses breast cancer metastasis and underscore the need for vigilant breast cancer screening in patients receiving TYK2 inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majeski, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mestre-Farrera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalezarzadeh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arimoto, K.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piwnica-Worms, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fattet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.681251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular matrix rigidity controls breast cancer metastasis via TYK2-mediated mechanotransduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated metabolomic and genomic insights into amino acid incorporation within the hybrid polyketide-alkaloid antibiotic TLN-05220 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Actinobacteria are a rich source of bioactive compounds and unique biosynthetic chemistry. Micromonospora echinospora subsp. challisensis NRRL 12255 produces the aromatic polyketide TLN-05220, which exhibits nanomolar activity against antibiotic-resistant human pathogens including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The pentangular polyphenol core of TLN-05220 is decorated with a piperazinone moiety, yet the enzymes responsible for the construction of this uncommon modification from amino acid precursors are unknown. Synthetic piperazinone-containing molecules have diverse antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory bioactivity profiles, and determining biosynthetic routes for the assembly of this heterocycle may enhance drug discovery and medicinal chemistry efforts. We identified a putative TLN-05220 biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in the commercially available strain M. echinospora ATCC 15837 containing both type-I and type-II polyketide synthases, two predicted asparagine synthetase-like enzymes, and two genes (tln1 and tln5) that putatively encode pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent amino acid synthases. Stable isotopic feeding studies coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), identified L-alanine, L-serine, and glycine as metabolic precursors of TLN-05220. Subsequent in vitro enzymology established that Tln1 is a PLP-dependent alanine racemase, while Tln5 performs a stereoselective {beta}-substitution reaction of O-phospho-L-serine with a preferential D-alanine nucleophile. Alanine racemization and Tln5 pseudodipeptide L-serine-C{beta}-N-D-alanine (D,L-PDP) incorporation into TLN-05220 were further supported using deuterated intermediates and mass spectrometry techniques. Establishing the enzymes that catalyze amino acid installation within TLN-05220 inspires further biosynthetic discovery and engineering while enabling the biocatalytic syntheses of novel amino acid-containing polyketide antibiotics.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=105 SRC="FIGDIR/small/685158v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cordoza, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whiteley, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horta, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholas, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Velandia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luu, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petukhova, V. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calhoun, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnie, S. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated metabolomic and genomic insights into amino acid incorporation within the hybrid polyketide-alkaloid antibiotic TLN-05220]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685465v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine-tuned Protein Language Model Identifies Antigen-specific B Cell Receptors from Immune Repertoires 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685465v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scalable identification of antigen-specific antibodies from whole immune repertoire V(D)J sequences is a central challenge in biomedical engineering. We show that protein language models (PLMs) fine-tuned on antibody heavy-chain sequences can directly predict antigen specificity from unselected immune repertoires. We assessed our model, Antigen Specificity Predictor (ASPred), against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and HIV-AIDS antigens, observing comparable predictive performance. In the whole immune repertoire V(D)J sequences of mice immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins receptor-binding domain (RBD), ASPred identified antibody sequences specific to RBD. Several candidate sequences were validated, including one as a heavy chain-only nanobody with 20.7 nM dissociation constant. Molecular dynamics simulations supported the predicted interactions at coarse-grained and atomic levels. Benchmarking against Barcode-Enabled Antigen Mapping (BEAM) of B cell receptor sequence data had highly significant overlaps with ASPred predictions, suggesting scalability. The predicted SARS-CoV-2 binders differed substantially from training sequences, demonstrating generalization beyond sequence memorization. Together, we establish that heavy chain antibody sequences encode sufficient information for PLMs to infer specificity, offering a scalable framework for antibody discovery with broad applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paco, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendivil, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zebardast, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davila, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mooney, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olatoyinbo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzales, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lay, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johal, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolstorukov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, F. L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lonardi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sazinsky, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685465</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine-tuned Protein Language Model Identifies Antigen-specific B Cell Receptors from Immune Repertoires]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Multi-Omics Identifies CDK1 as a Key Signaling Regulator of CD4+ T Cell Effector Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD4 T cell differentiation is orchestrated by coordinated signaling, transcriptional, and epigenomic programs, yet how signaling connects to chromatin and genetic variation in human T cells remains unclear. Here, we generated an integrative multi-omics map of human CD4 T cell activation and differentiation, combining phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics, and chromatin accessibility under Th0, Th1, and iTreg polarization. Within 10 minutes of activation, we observed rapid phosphorylation changes of RNA-binding proteins accompanied by degradation of effector-associated transcripts, preceding chromatin remodeling and later transcriptional activation of the same genes. Moreover, our data highlights how site-specific phosphorylation refines TF activity during T cell differentiation and activation, and identifies CDK1 as a regulator of Th1 effector function. Indeed, we found that a low dose of CKD1 inhibition impairs IFN-{gamma} expression and pro-inflammatory differentiation, while preserving regulatory features in iTregs. Single-cell multi-omic profiling upon CDK1 inhibition revealed how CDK1 activity shapes subset-specific gene regulatory networks, which are enriched for genetic variants associated with immune-traits. Specifically, CDK1-sensitive TFs, including IRF8, connect immune trait heritability to enhancer accessibility at IFNG and TNF loci. Together, these results establish CDK1 as a signaling hub that couples phosphorylation to gene regulation and genetic risk, with therapeutic relevance in autoimmune disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Servaas, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauersachs, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abreu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claringbould, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berest, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faelth-Savitski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eismann, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddington, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaugg, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Multi-Omics Identifies CDK1 as a Key Signaling Regulator of CD4+ T Cell Effector Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From microbial diversity to function; evaluating dimensionality reduction methods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial Intelligence (AI), and more specifically Machine Learning (ML), have become an increasingly prevalent tool in microbial oceanography. The high dimensionality of microbial diversity data from  omics observations is highly suitable for ML analysis, with many recent studies showcasing their utility for exploratory ecological feature finding and process prediction. Here, we apply three well-documented dimensionality reduction methods including Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), Self Organizing Maps (SOM), and Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA), to near daily 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data from the 2019-2020 MOSAiC International Arctic Drift Expedition. We compare the k-means clustering outputs from these methods to extract functionally distinct seasonal microbial ecotypes in the surface Arctic Ocean. Our results indicate the SOM method outperforms a more traditional PCoA ordination, identifying a greater number of metabolically distinct functional groups. We then investigate the importance of including biological context in dimensionality reduction by comparing functional outputs to a taxa clustering approach using a k-means adapted WGCNA correlation network. Regardless of data input, all 3 methods identified 3-4 recurrent ecotypes with distinct taxonomic and functional cut-offs driven by seasonality, water mass, and substrate turnover. Ultimately, these results reinforce such methodologies as a meaningful translator in the mining of historical amplicon datasets to address modern mechanistic questions and incorporate greater ecotype diversity into mechanistic biogeochemical models.

ImportanceConnecting microbial community structure to ecosystem function is an important step in accurately modeling climate-relevant biogeochemical processes yet remains a major challenge in microbial oceanography. This manuscript demonstrates how emerging machine learning approaches can establish this connection by uncovering recurrent ecological patterns in Arctic Ocean microbial communities. Using near-daily 16S rRNA gene and supplementary metagenome data from the MOSAiC drift expedition, we identified distinct "ecotypes," or groups of microbes that perform differentiable functional roles within the ecosystem. Importantly, our methods reveal new connections between microbial identity and function that traditional analyses may overlook. It is possible such techniques could be applied to historical amplicon datasets, allowing scientists to revisit and reinterpret existing data to better understand how polar ecosystems are responding to environmental change and to improve future predictive climate models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chamberlain, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulton, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connors, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calianos, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creamean, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mock, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From microbial diversity to function; evaluating dimensionality reduction methods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensory receptor expansion and neural accommodation in butterfly color vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of complex brains required existing neurons and neural circuits to accommodate new inputs. The genetic and developmental mechanisms that enable such integration are largely unknown. Butterflies evolved more complex retinal mosaics through the addition of a second R7 color photoreceptor per ommatidium (unit eye). In Drosophila, the unique R7 makes a stochastic choice to express one of two opsin genes. In butterflies, the two R7s make independent stochastic cell fate choices in each ommatidium, producing three ommatidial types instead of two. Here, we investigate the developmental basis of this change and how the butterfly brain accommodates expanded sensory receptor input. We first identified the changes in gene expression that cause a second R7 cell to be specified. We then modified Drosophila retinas to have butterfly-like transcription factor expression, causing recruitment of an additional R7. The two R7s make independent stochastic choices, like butterflies, leading to three stochastically distributed ommatidial types. In Drosophila, the two R7 subtypes connect to their target neurons, either yDm8 or pDm8. Dm8 neurons of both types are born in excess and Dm8s that do not find connections with their cognate y or pR7s undergo apoptosis. In the presence of extra R7s in butterfly-like fly retinas, additional Dm8s are retained, leading to two Dm8s per medulla column that make appropriate connections with the matching R7 subtypes, facilitating the expansion of color vision. We propose that the presence of cells that would otherwise die provide developmental flexibility that can allow brains to accommodate newly evolved inputs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ainsworth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragsac, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Genduso, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andre, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomlinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensory receptor expansion and neural accommodation in butterfly color vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.684657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared Binding Site but Divergent Resistance Profiles Uncover Novel Resistance Mechanisms in Plasmodium HSP90 Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.684657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug resistance is a widespread problem across therapeutic areas including malaria, but what accounts for resistance propensity remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal that two HSP90 inhibitors targeting the identical ATP-binding site exhibit dramatically different resistance profiles in P. falciparum. Geldanamycin readily selected 10 distinct resistance mutations conferring up to 22-fold resistance, while AUY-922 required 44 weeks to yield a single A41S mutation with only 2-fold resistance to AUY-922 but not to geldanamycin. Resistance mapping in parasites and yeast revealed geldanamycin resistance mutations distributed throughout the binding pocket whereas AUY-922 resistance mutations localized close to the ATP-binding site. Unexpectedly, the A41S mutation enhanced AUY-922 binding affinity without changing geldanamycin binding. In silico analysis suggested this enhancement occurs through additional hydrogen bonding, yet stronger binding correlated with resistance. In yeast, A41S had opposite effects, hypersensitizing cells to all HSP90 inhibitors tested. Additionally, conditional HSP90 knockdown increased geldanamycin sensitivity but left AUY-922 activity unaffected, indicating different target dependencies despite shared binding sites. Based on these data, we propose a multi-target hypothesis where AUY-922s lower resistance risk stems from engaging multiple HSP90 family members. Our findings reveal how enhanced drug-target binding can paradoxically correlate with resistance and demonstrate that resistance risk cannot be predicted from binding site identity alone, providing insights for developing more durable drugs across therapeutic areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ko, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndiaye, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okombo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhlemann, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonyalai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumpornsin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Girling, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasaje, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godoy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottilie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durst, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidock, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wirth, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winzeler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.684657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared Binding Site but Divergent Resistance Profiles Uncover Novel Resistance Mechanisms in Plasmodium HSP90 Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromatin-associated pool of Aurora A controls kinetochore-microtubule attachments to ensure chromosome biorientation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate chromosome segregation requires dynamic kinetochore-microtubule attachments that, under the regulation of Aurora family kinases, biorient and align replicated chromosomes. In C. elegans, Aurora A acts with the TPX2-related activator TPXL-1 to regulate these attachments and control spindle length. We show that, in addition to prominent spindle pole localization, TPXL-1-AurA has a chromatin-associated pool positioned between the sister kinetochores. Structural modeling and biochemical analysis support TPXL-1 directly recognizing the nucleosome acidic patch via an arginine anchor. Disrupting this interaction selectively removed chromatin-bound TPXL-1-AurA and caused chromosome missegregation, whereas elevation of the chromatin pool disrupted chromosome alignment. These opposing perturbations inversely affected kinetochore recruitment of the microtubule-binding Ska complex. These results support spatially distinct TPXL-1-AurA populations acting sequentially, with the spindle pole pool controlling spindle length by switching kinetochores out of a depolymerization-coupled state, and the chromatin pool controlling attachment stabilization to ensure biorientation prior to anaphase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meaders, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Variyar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirulli, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromatin-associated pool of Aurora A controls kinetochore-microtubule attachments to ensure chromosome biorientation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KIF5A binds RNA to orchestrate synaptic mRNA localization and stress granules in ALS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal health depends on the precise transport and local translation of mRNAs to maintain synaptic function across highly polarized cellular architecture. While kinesin motor proteins are known to mediate mRNA transport, the specificity and direct involvement of individual kinesins as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that KIF5A, a neuron-specific kinesin implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), functions as an RBP. We show that KIF5A directly binds mRNAs encoding synaptic ribosomal proteins and is required for their synaptic localization and for maintaining normal synaptic composition and function. Additionally, we show ALS-linked KIF5A mutations confer gain-of-function properties, enhancing mRNA binding, increasing synaptic ribosomal protein accumulation, inducing neuronal hyperexcitability, and impairing stress responses. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which mutant KIF5A disrupts synaptic homeostasis. Our work positions a kinesin motor protein as an RBP with critical roles in mRNA transport, local translation, and stress response.

HighlightsO_LIKIF5A interacts with mRNA encoding synaptic ribosomal proteins
C_LIO_LIKIF5A is required for normal synaptic composition and function
C_LIO_LIKIF5A binds to G3BP1 and G3BP1 stress granule associated proteins
C_LIO_LIKIF5A mutant ALS patient-derived motor neurons have abnormal synaptic function and stress response
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Le, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizrahi, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoover, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Her, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shneider, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KIF5A binds RNA to orchestrate synaptic mRNA localization and stress granules in ALS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.686019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid-Response, High-Gain Inkjet-Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Geometry-Optimized Design for Neural Recording and Biosensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.686019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) are witnessing rapid growth in biomedical applications and are increasingly becoming an integral part of bio-electronic interfaces. High-performing OECTs are typically fabricated using multistep photolithography and conventional spin-coating and lift-off processes, and while printing techniques have emerged as promising alternatives, they still face challenges in achieving comparable resolutions, reproducibility and performance metrics. Several groups have demonstrated printed OECTs using PEDOT:PSS as the channel material, highlighting the promise of additive manufacturing for scalable bioelectronics. In this work, we build upon these advances and develop an optimized inkjet-printed OECT platform that achieves transconductance values up to 15 mS and sub-millisecond response times as low as 0.31 ms. Our approach systematically optimizes OECT geometrical parameters--channel width, length, and thickness--through precise patterning and oxygen plasma surface modification to overcome longstanding limitations in inkjet printing resolution and reproducibility. The resulting devices exhibit outstanding electrical stability, high amplification, and fast dynamic response. Using a configuration optimized for biosensing, we demonstrate the detection of the heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP within a clinically relevant range of 10-400 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 0.038% {Delta}IDS/pg/mL. In a separate configuration on a flexible substrate tailored for in vivo biopotential recording, we showcase the devices capabilities by effectively capturing epileptic seizure progression in a rat model with high signal fidelity. This work demonstrates how careful process and geometry optimization can close the performance gap between printed and conventionally fabricated OECTs, enabling scalable, reproducible, and substrate-flexible bioelectronic platforms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khoury, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habli, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daorah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obeid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cauwenberghs, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khraiche, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.01.686019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid-Response, High-Gain Inkjet-Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Geometry-Optimized Design for Neural Recording and Biosensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activated protein C promotes beta-arrestin-2- and c-Src-dependent caveolin-1 (Cav1) phosphorylation and alters Cav1 association with PAR1 and GRK5 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) display bias towards either G proteins or GPCR kinase (GRK)-mediated {beta}-arrestin signaling depending on the agonist stabilized receptor conformation and cellular context. The cellular location of GPCRs particularly within plasma membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts contributes to biased signaling through mechanisms that are not well understood. The protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) exhibits biased signaling in response to thrombin and activated protein C (APC). APC-induced {beta}-arrestin-2 ({beta}arr2) biased signaling requires PAR1 compartmentalization in caveolae, a subtype of lipid rafts, whereas thrombin-activated PAR1 G protein signaling does not. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae and regulates signaling through protein-protein interactions. The mechanisms by which Cav1 contributes to APC/PAR1-induced {beta}arr2 biased signaling is not known. Here we report that APC-activated PAR1 modulates Cav1 phosphorylation via a {beta}arr2- and c-Src-dependent pathway. APC also regulates the dynamics of endogenous PAR1-Cav1 and GRK5-Cav1 co-localization examined by single molecule super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging in human cultured endothelial cells. We further demonstrate that GRK5 interacts with Cav1 in intact cells through an N-terminus aromatic-rich consensus Cav1 binding motif. Unlike wildtype GRK5, a GRK5 mutant defective in Cav1 binding localized predominantly to the cytoplasm rather than the plasma membrane and failed to promote {beta}arr2 recruitment to APC-activated PAR1. These studies suggest that Cav1 itself contributes to the regulation of APC-activated PAR1 {beta}arr2 biased signaling likely through multiple mechanisms that may converge on GRK5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orduna-Castillo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinar-Inglis, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Ramirez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardeleben, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activated protein C promotes beta-arrestin-2- and c-Src-dependent caveolin-1 (Cav1) phosphorylation and alters Cav1 association with PAR1 and GRK5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signaling bias of the protease-activated receptor-1 is dictated by distinct GRK5 and β-arrestin-2 determinants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exhibit signaling bias, or preferential activation of heterotrimeric G proteins versus GPCR receptor kinase (GRK)-mediated {beta}-arrestin signaling. The protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) GPCR activates both G protein and {beta}-arrestin in response to thrombin, but only {beta}-arrestin in response to activated protein C (APC). Thrombin-activated PAR1-G protein signaling is desensitized by {beta}-arrestin-1, whereas APC-activated PAR1 signaling is propagated by {beta}-arrestin-2. The mechanisms underlying PAR1 biased signaling are not known. Here, using computational modeling and cell biology studies, we reveal the molecular basis of signaling by thrombin- and APC-activated PAR1. Although both thrombin- and APC-induced PAR1 signaling are regulated by the same GRK isoform, GRK5, the two types of signaling are differentially dependent on GRK5 membrane anchoring, PAR1 C-terminal phosphorylation, and the binding mode of {beta}-arrestin-2. These differences translate into distinct {beta}-arrestin-2 conformations and define the cytoprotective signaling signature by APC which contrasts with thrombin inflammatory signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Ramirez, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orduna-Castillo, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardeleben, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birch, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signaling bias of the protease-activated receptor-1 is dictated by distinct GRK5 and β-arrestin-2 determinants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dormant viral pathways underlie space-induced neural senescence: a neuroprotective strategy for spaceflight and neurological diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-duration spaceflight is associated with neurological symptoms in astronauts, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using human brain organoids cultured aboard the International Space Station, we analyzed three independent spaceflights to demonstrate that exposure to the space environment triggers Space-Induced Neural Senescence (SINS), characterized by chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of viral-like transcriptional programs in the absence of infection. Multi-omics analyses identified upregulation of endogenous LINE-1 (L1) retroelements, whose activity was markedly enhanced in organoids lacking MECP2, a known L1 repressor implicated in Rett syndrome. The resulting accumulation of cytoplasmic L1 DNA elicited an IL-6-mediated inflammatory and neurotoxic response, which was reversed by reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTi) such as lamivudine or stavudine. Parallel preclinical experiments in Mecp2-deficient mice confirmed that RTi treatment restored neuronal morphology, synaptogenesis, function, cognition, and survival. These findings reveal that the space environment reactivates dormant genomic retroelements, providing an unexpected mechanistic insight into astronaut neurobiology and identifying a potential therapeutic strategy for both space-induced and terrestrial neurological conditions. Our pioneering study demonstrates the value of space-enabling research in accelerating drug discovery and disease treatment on Earth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martins, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakashima, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umeyama, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyashita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nascimento, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coelho, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mesci, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viirre, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leite, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assis, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishizu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoshino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakashiima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dormant viral pathways underlie space-induced neural senescence: a neuroprotective strategy for spaceflight and neurological diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MERFISH+, a large-scale, multi-omics spatial technology resolves the molecular holograms of the 3D human developing heart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.02.686137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybridization-based spatial transcriptomics technologies have advanced our ability to map cellular and subcellular organization in complex tissues. However, existing methods remain constrained in gene coverage, multimodal compatibility, and scalability. Here, we present MERFISH+, an enhanced version of Multiplexed Error-Robust Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (MERFISH), which integrates chemical probe anchoring in protective hydrogels with high-throughput microfluidics and microscopy. This optimized design supports robust and repeated hybridization cycles across an entire centimeter-scale tissue sample. MERFISH+ allowed to simultaneously quantify over 1,800 genes and resolve the 3D organization of chromatin loci and their associated epigenomic marks in developing human hearts. Using a generative integration framework for spatial multimodal data (Spateo-VI), we harmonized these MERFISH+ transcriptomic and chromatin data to reconstruct a 3D spatially-resolved multi-omic atlas of the developing human heart at subcellular resolution capturing 3.1 million cells across 34 distinct populations. This 3D atlas provides a holistic view of an entire organ enabling the characterization of 3D cellular neighborhoods and transcriptional gradients of substructures such as the descending arteries. Thus, MERFISH+ offers a robust, large-format platform for spatial multi-omics that enables high resolution mapping of gene expression at subcellular resolution and the characterization of cellular organization within 3D organs.

One Sentence SummaryMERFISH+ is an spatial multi-omics platform that integrates hydrogel-based probe anchoring, automated high-throughput microfluidics, and large-format multimodal data production to enable comprehensive, subcellular resolution mapping of gene expression and chromatin organization across millions of cells within complex developing human organs.

HighlightsO_LIMERFISH+ expands MERFISH capabilities to measure >1,800 genes and at whole-organ 3D imaging scale
C_LIO_LICombines chemical probe anchoring with high-throughput volumetric microscopy and microfluidics
C_LIO_LIGenerates a 3D molecular atlas of a developing human heart with > 3.1 million cells at subcellular resolution
C_LIO_LIIntroduces Spateo-VI, a novel generative framework integrating 3D multimodal datasets
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eschbach, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farah, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenie, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghadami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellison, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.02.686137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MERFISH+, a large-scale, multi-omics spatial technology resolves the molecular holograms of the 3D human developing heart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.685424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Derivation of functional early gestation decidual natural killer cell subtypes from induced pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.685424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abnormal decidual natural killer cell (dNK) function is linked to pregnancy complications occurring in both early and late stages of gestation, including recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Exploration of dNK heterogeneity as it relates to function is an active area of research; however, most of this work has focused on early gestation. We applied flow cytometric and transcriptomic single cell definitions of dNK subtypes to dNK at the chorioamniotic membranes (CAM) and basal plate (BP) of the placenta at term. We found decreased low-effector-function dNK1 and increased high-effector-function dNK3 abundance at term. In comparison to BP-dNK, CAM-dNK had greater abundance of moderate-effector-function dNK2 and lower expression of inhibitory CD9. We applied this knowledge to establish a protocol for differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into CD45+CD56brightCD16-, functional dNK-like, applying TGF{beta} to enrich for dNK2 - the most abundant dNK subtype at first trimester- while inducing expression of dNK markers, CD9 and CD103. We analyzed the secretomes of first trimester dNK, term BP-dNK and CAM-dNK, and peripheral blood NK cells to identify proteomic profiles for each. Finally, we analyzed the secretome of TGF{beta}-treated iPSC-dNK and found an enrichment in first trimester dNK-specific proteins. We identify changes in dNK function across gestation and placental region and suggests that these changes can be explained by shifts in dNK subtypes, which we specifically and reproducibly derive from iPSC, providing a new model for these cells and laying the foundation for cell-based therapies of reproductive diseases.

Significance StatementAlterations in maternal decidual natural killer cells (dNK) are associated with pregnancy complications - from recurrent pregnancy loss to preeclampsia and preterm birth. We found dNK from different regions of the term placenta to be distinct from peripheral blood NK and early gestation dNK, based on gene and surface marker expression, subtype composition, and secretome. We report a novel, reproducible protocol to generate dNK resembling the most abundant dNK subtype in early gestation from induced pluripotent stem cells. Our study lays the foundation for in vitro modeling of the maternal-fetal interface and therapeutic development for reproductive disease.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=141 SRC="FIGDIR/small/685424v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheung, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DaCosta, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaimez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slamecka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meads, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horii, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parast, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.685424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Derivation of functional early gestation decidual natural killer cell subtypes from induced pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686315v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Labile iron overload reprograms microglia and neurons for lipid droplet synthesis in the aging brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686315v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lipid-droplet (LD) accumulation emerges in microglia and neurons with age. Because neither cell type is specialized for lipid storage, LDs are linked to dysfunction. The upstream drivers of LD formation and their effects on neighboring cells remain unclear. Here, we identify a mitochondrial-iron axis that promotes LD formation in aging microglia via reactive oxygen species (ROS), which secondarily reshapes neuronal iron handling. LD-enriched microglia show reduced mitochondrial mass and increased labile iron, ROS, and lipid peroxidation. Chelating labile iron or scavenging ROS suppresses LD formation. Conditioned media from iron-stressed microglia alter neuronal iron homeostasis, indicating transcellular coupling. In primary neurons, iron overload increases LDs and activates coordinated iron, ROS, and lipogenesis programs, whereas antioxidant treatment attenuates iron-driven LD accumulation. Together, these findings position iron overload as an upstream regulator of ROS-dependent LD biogenesis in microglia and neurons and reveal a microglia-neuron axis that regulates neuronal iron metabolism during aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cunha e Rocha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beldona, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veras, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abolmaali, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686315</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Labile iron overload reprograms microglia and neurons for lipid droplet synthesis in the aging brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BudFinder: A Masked Auto-Encoder Vision Transformer Framework for Yeast Budding Detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yeast replicative lifespan is a crucial part of aging research, yet its quantification remains labor-intensive and time-consuming, particularly when using time-lapse imaging and microfluidics. Manual counting methods for cell division events are prone to bias and inefficiency, while existing automated approaches often require extensive annotated datasets. These limitations hinder the adaptability of such tools across different microfluidic setups. To address these challenges, we propose a versatile image analysis approach that accurately detects yeast cell division events. To reduce the burden of requiring a large cell division annotated dataset, we pretrained a Masked Auto-Encoder on large-scale segmented yeast cell images. This substantially reduced the annotated data needed to train the transformer model for detecting cellular division events. Additionally, the model is trained directly on budding event detection, circumventing reliance on arbitrary heuristics, such as changes in cell area. By leveraging self-supervised pretraining, we reduced the training data requirement to fewer than 50 mother cells ([~]1,000 divisions), representing a >5-fold reduction compared to prior methods while maintaining comparable accuracy.

Author SummaryOur work addresses a longstanding challenge in in live-cell time-lapse microscopy analysis, namely, automating cellular division tracking while minimizing the amount of training data required. Traditionally, scientists identify each division event by manually inspecting thousands of time-lapse images, a process that is both tedious and prone to bias. While automated tools exist, they often require large amounts of annotated data to work effectively, limiting their use across different experimental setups. To overcome these barriers, we developed BudFinder, which can recognize and track cell divisions with far less training data. Using yeast replicative aging data as an example, we first trained a model to understand what a yeast cell "looks like", using tens of thousands of segmented yeast cell images entrapped in our custom-built microfluidic device. Then, we taught it to detect budding events directly from time-lapse movies. This approach reduces the need for manual labeling by more than five-fold compared to previous structures in place, while maintaining accuracy comparable to existing methods. By making high-throughput analysis of cellular division more accessible, our work paves the way for faster and more scalable quantification of cellular dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousavi Karimi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasty, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BudFinder: A Masked Auto-Encoder Vision Transformer Framework for Yeast Budding Detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale discovery of neural enhancers for cis-regulation therapies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based gene activation (CRISPRa) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) caused by haploinsufficiency. However, scaling this cis-regulatory therapy (CRT) paradigm requires pinpointing which candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) are active in human neurons, and which can be targeted with CRISPRa to yield specific and therapeutic levels of target gene upregulation. Here, we combine Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs) and a multiplex single cell CRISPRa screen to discover functional human neural enhancers whose CRISPRa targeting yields specific upregulation of NDD risk genes. First, we tested 5,425 candidate neuronal enhancers with MPRA, identifying 2,422 that are active in human neurons. Selected cCREs also displayed specific, autonomous in vivo activity in the developing mouse central nervous system. Next, we applied multiplex single-cell CRISPRa screening with 15,643 gRNAs to test all MPRA-prioritized cCREs and 761 promoters of NDD genes in their endogenous genomic contexts. We identified hundreds of promoter- and enhancer-targeting CRISPRa gRNAs that upregulated 200 of the 337 NDD genes in human neurons, including 91 novel enhancer-gene pairs. Finally, we confirmed that several of the CRISPRa gRNAs identified here demonstrated selective and therapeutically relevant upregulation of SCN2A, CHD8, CTNND2 and TCF4 when delivered virally to patient cell lines, human cerebral organoids, and a humanized mouse model of hTcf4. Our results provide a comprehensive resource of active, target-linked human neural enhancers for NDD genes and corresponding gRNA reagents for CRT development. More broadly, this work advances understanding of neural gene regulation and establishes a generalizable strategy for discovering CRT gRNA candidates across cell types and haploinsufficient disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McDiarmid, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chardon, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daza, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosicki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourie, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laboy-Cintron, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vij, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalanne, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talkowski, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpot, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pennacchio, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geschwind, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahituv, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shendure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale discovery of neural enhancers for cis-regulation therapies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detoxifying and depolymerizing microorganisms reveal intertwined guild collaborations in the gut microbiome of a generalist macro-algivorous fish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biotransformation of macroalgal biomass represents a major catabolic challenge due to its structurally diverse polysaccharides and inhibitory polyphenols. Unlike terrestrial lignocellulosic substrates, macroalgae polysaccharides contain multiple monomer types, branching patterns, and sulfation states. Additionally, macroalgae polyphenols have been shown to inhibit both microbial growth and their catalytic enzymes. While herbivorous fishes have evolved specialized gut microbiota to process these substrates, the enzymatic pathways remain poorly characterized, with few experimentally validated polysaccharide utilization loci or biochemically defined marine sulfatases, and limited understanding of polyphenol degradation. Here, we developed in vitro microcosms, based on the gut microbiome of the generalist macro-algivorous fish Kyphosus cinerascens, to temporally resolve the activity of the microbial guilds involved in macroalgal polysaccharide and polyphenol transformation. First, parallel cDNA/DNA amplicon sequencing were employed to distinguish the natural active fraction from transient gut microbiome taxa. Four media combinations were able to propagate between 96% to 99% of the active hindgut microbial families, reproducing the cooperative degradation dynamics observed in vivo. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling of these four optimized in vitro microcosms served as models to assess the stepwise functional successions occurring in the natural gut microbiome. Early Gammaproteobacteria expressed enzymes linked to polyphenol detoxification and alginate degradation, followed by Bacillota, Bacteroidota, and Verrucomicrobiota guilds targeting more recalcitrant sulfated polysaccharides and polyphenols. Together, these results identified temporal and taxonomic coordination as key features of macroalgal biomass deconstruction, providing an experimentally tractable model for discovering novel carbohydrate-active enzymes and elucidating poorly understood pathways of marine polyphenol degradation.

IMPORTANCESeaweed represents a source of sustainable biomass for various applications, but scalable industrial methods struggle to break down seaweed biomass into intermediate products due to the complexity of its constituents. Fish of the genus Kyphosus feed on different seaweed types by leveraging gastrointestinal bacteria to neutralize inhibitory polyphenols and convert their polysaccharides into simple sugars. This study identifies microbial groups that are transcriptionally active in natural fish hindgut microbiomes to propagate these active microbial communities in vitro. This enabled assessing how distinct microbial guilds act in succession to transform complex polysaccharides and polyphenols. Notably, this is the first study to assess the biotransformation capacities of macroalgal polyphenols by complex in vitro hindgut microbiomes of a generalist herbivorous fish. These findings advance our ecological understanding of cooperative degradation in marine gut symbioses and establish a tractable platform for discovering new enzymes and pathways with potential applications in algal biomass utilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Plominsky, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minich, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henriquez-Castillo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augyte, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowell-Hawkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detoxifying and depolymerizing microorganisms reveal intertwined guild collaborations in the gut microbiome of a generalist macro-algivorous fish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct Optical Quantification of Chain Collapse, Reduced Dielectric, and Water Release Driving Protein Phase Separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates represent unique microenvironments that organize intracellular biology and promote biochemical reactions. However, the biomolecular interactions driving condensate phase separation are often weak, transient, and heterogeneous. Investigating the structural biology and chemical properties of condensate interiors has therefore proven experimentally challenging, often requiring the use of perturbative probes. To overcome this challenge, we combine label-free optical scattering and vibrational spectroscopy approaches spanning ultraviolet, visible, mid-infrared, and terahertz wavelengths with deep-learning-based ensemble prediction of intrinsically disordered protein conformations. Our experimental and computational results reveal that the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of the RNA Deadbox helicase 4 (DDX4) deviates from random coil behavior and undergoes chain collapse that correlates with phase separation, which leads to lower dielectric and reduced water content inside condensates. Our data support a model of DDX4 phase separation whereby chain collapse, reduced dielectric, and water release enhance the strength of multivalent protein-protein interactions within condensates, driving condensate growth and phase separation through positive feedback. Our study addresses the critical driving forces of biomolecular phase separation across a range of length scales, providing quantitative insights into protein-protein/protein-solvent interactions and the chemical properties of condensate interiors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perets, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheong, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asamoto, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holehouse, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, E. C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct Optical Quantification of Chain Collapse, Reduced Dielectric, and Water Release Driving Protein Phase Separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.685429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Protein Cargo in Extracellular Vesicles from Macrophages in Progressing and Regressing Tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.685429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry bioactive molecules from a cell of origin and may alter gene expression of the acceptor cell via binding to cell surface receptors and/or delivering their cargo into the cell. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can increase or decrease tumor growth through various mechanisms, but the impact of TAM-EVs on tumors has been difficult to elucidate due to challenges in isolating and culturing TAMs for EV purification. In this study, we set out to uncover the protein identities within EVs from TAMs in progressing and regressing tumors, thereby uncovering EV proteins roles in TAM-tumor crosstalk. TAMs were purified from tumors using magnetic bead isolation and cultured for up to 9 days. TAMs from regressing tumors were found to be more M1-like by high expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, while TAMs from progressing tumors are more M2-like (low expression of MHC class II). Long-term in vitro culture of TAMs resulted in reduced expression of MHC class II. EVs were harvested from plated TAMs, and EV proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and compared to EV proteins from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering studies revealed that proteins from TAM-EVs converge based on their in vitro culture duration rather than their tumor origin. Signature proteins in TAM-EVs were characterized, with the identification of galectin-3-binding protein as a signature protein present in EVs from M1-like BMDMs and regressor macrophages. Finally, immunostimulatory pathways were identified in progressor-TAM-EVs through protein-protein interaction network analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.685429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Protein Cargo in Extracellular Vesicles from Macrophages in Progressing and Regressing Tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the neuroimmune cellular landscape in the skin of subjects with fibromyalgia. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disorder involving widespread pain, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Although its pathogenesis remains uncertain, FM patients exhibit hypersensitivity, reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), and more recently shown, skin immune dysregulation, possibly manifesting in cutaneous alterations in various cell populations. To characterize the cutaneous cellular landscape in FM, we assessed the sensory profile and skin cell populations across different layers within the same cohort. FM patients, compared to healthy controls (HC), showed lower pain thresholds across multiple body areas, with no differences in thermal detection. While our findings confirm previous reports for reduced PGP9.5+ IENF and increased density in mast cells in FM, we also identified novel changes, particularly in the dermis. We observed elongated thinly myelinated NF200+ fibers and reduced density in non-nerve-associated S100B+ Schwann cells in FM compared to HC. Notably, dermal CD68+ and CD163+ populations were significantly reduced in FM, accompanied by morphological changes. The CD163+ population correlated negatively and significantly against IENFD. These findings suggest that, beyond intraepidermal nerve loss, FM involves broader neuroimmune alterations in the skin, particularly within the dermis, offering new insights into its pathophysiology and establishing a foundation for future studies exploring the functional implications of these changes.

SUMMARYAmong the alterations observed in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are changes in skin innervation and differences in the density of certain immune cell populations. To better characterize FM from an integral perspective, we examined both the sensory profile and the cutaneous cellular landscape of FM patients in comparison with healthy controls (HC). FM patients exhibited lower pain thresholds across multiple body areas, with no differences in thermal detection. Consistent with previous findings, FM skin biopsies revealed reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density and increased mast cell numbers. Beyond these known alterations, our study identified novel dermal changes, including elongated thinly myelinated NF200+ fibers, reduced density of non-nerve-associated S100B+ Schwann cells, and decreased CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage populations exhibiting morphological alterations. Notably, CD163+ cell density correlated negatively with intraepidermal nerve fiber density, highlighting potential neuroimmune mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of FM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morado-Urbina, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agashkov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tejos-Bravo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>af Ekenstam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venckute-Larsson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linderoth, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuliszkiewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlestig, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lofgren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svensson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.686713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the neuroimmune cellular landscape in the skin of subjects with fibromyalgia.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.687046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Omnidirectional 3D Printing of Anisotropic Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.06.687046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anisotropic biological tissues contain hierarchical complexity from the nano to macro length scales. While novel fabrication strategies have advanced the creation of biomimetic architectures, most rely on biologically derived polymers that possess inherent batch-to-batch variability. Here, we fabricate omnidirectional anisotropic nanofibrous hydrogels using synthetic, self-assembling MultiDomain Peptides (MDPs). Using support bath-assisted extrusion 3D printing, MDP hydrogels are created with control over nanometer-scale fibrous alignment, ~150 {micro}m-scale print resolution, and centimeter-scale 3D architecture. Further, scaffold anisotropy is tuned by adjusting the ionic strength of the support bath, allowing fiber alignment to be decoupled from extrusion shear force and the ink used. Applying these hydrogels to in vitro tissue engineering, fabricated anisotropic hydrogels are shown to guide the alignment of multiple cell types within complex 3D prints. Furthermore, the gels are demonstrated to support the growth of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes into functional tissue. Collectively, this work introduces a platform for engineering anisotropic peptide hydrogels with hierarchical complexity, offering broad potential for bottom-up fabrication of functional human tissues in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Farsheed, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhoul, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew-Martinez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorostieta-Salas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartgerink, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.06.687046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Omnidirectional 3D Printing of Anisotropic Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling Phage Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients infected with life-threatening multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have been treated with cocktails of bacteriophages. This is a complicated form of personalized medicine as the phages given to a patient have to be selected beforehand on the basis of their lytic capacity of the infecting bacteria. Because bacteria rapidly become resistant, the evolution of resistance to a diverse cocktail of phages is a complicated dynamical process, during which competing bacterial strains replace one another by accumulating several resistance mechanisms, each of which may involve a fitness cost. As a consequence, it is typically not known why a particular phage therapy succeeded or failed, and how one can optimize the composition of the cocktails to maximize the rate of success.

To improve upon this, we extend an existing in vivo-calibrated mouse model into a novel mathematical model for the human situation, and include multiple phages infecting multiple bacterial strains, differing in their resistance to each of the phages. We adjust several parameter estimates of the bacterial model to the human situation, and use the model to describe a successful case of phage therapy involving several cocktails, each containing several phages. In the model, treatment success crucially depended on pretreatment resistance levels, and on the diversity and the timing of the cocktails. Once an appropriate cocktail is found, it is less important to further optimize the infection rates of the phages. Resistant bacterial strains expand rapidly when sensitive strains decline, and the higher the infectivity of the phages, the faster resistant strains expand. Because resistance evolves rapidly, it is best to provide a diverse set of phages right from the start of therapy, i.e., to hit hard and early, and create a high genetic barrier to bacterial resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Boer, R. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schooley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perelson, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.08.687339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling Phage Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687387v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic ion dynamics underlies the temporal nature of resting-state functional connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687387v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural mechanisms underlying the emergence of functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that resting-state activity consists of brief periods of strong co-fluctuations among brain regions, which reflect overall functional connectivity. Others report a continuum in co-fluctuations over time, with varying degree of correlation to functional connectivity. These findings raise the critical question: what neural processes underlie the temporal structure of resting-state activity? To address this, we used a biophysically realistic whole-brain computational model in which resting-state activity emerged from temporal variations in the ion concentrations of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), intracellular chloride (Cl-), and the activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase. The model reproduced transient periods of high co-fluctuations, and the functional connectivity at different co-fluctuation levels correlated to varying degrees with the connectivity measured over the entire simulation, in line with experimental observations. The periods of high co-fluctuations were aligned with large changes in extracellular ion concentrations. Furthermore, critical parameters governing ion dynamics strongly affected both the timing of these transient events and the spatial structure of the resulting functional connectivity. The balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity further modulated their frequency and amplitude. Together, these results suggest that intrinsic fluctuations in ion dynamics could serve as a plausible neural mechanism for the temporal organization of co-fluctuations and resting-state functional connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hlinka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.08.687387</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic ion dynamics underlies the temporal nature of resting-state functional connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaboliteChat: A Unified Multimodal Large Language Model for Interactive Metabolite Analysis and Functional Insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately characterizing the mechanisms and properties of metabolite molecules is essential for advancing metabolomics and systems biology. Yet most existing approaches are narrow, task-specific models that do not transfer across tasks and cannot express the richer, multimodal biological context of a metabolite in natural language. To address these challenges, we introduce MetaboliteChat, a multimodal ChatGPT-like large language model (LLM) that provides a unified and interactive framework for metabolite analysis. MetaboliteChat integrates molecular-graph and image reasoning with natural language understanding to generate comprehensive, free-form predictions about metabolite mechanisms and properties. The MetaboliteChat architecture consists of a graph neural network (GNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a large language model (LLM), and adapters, all trained end to end. This unified, multimodal design enables interactive reasoning over unseen metabolites, allowing the model to integrate structural and contextual cues and support discovery and translational insights across diverse biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaboliteChat: A Unified Multimodal Large Language Model for Interactive Metabolite Analysis and Functional Insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structured Neural Variability from Repeated Naturalistic Video Watching Experiences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain continuously integrates perception and interpretation processes to navigate dynamic environments. It is often assumed that these processes are invariant to repeated experiences. Here we investigated how neural responses to naturalistic stimuli evolve across multiple viewings using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty participants watched 24 short videos across five separate scanning sessions. Between-subject correlations (BSC) decreased progressively across all brain regions with repeated viewing, indicating increasing individual variability. Within-subject correlations (WSC) consistently exceeded BSC, demonstrating that individuals are more similar to themselves than to others. However, the structure of within-subject variability differed fundamentally between sensory and interpretive regions. Early visual cortex exhibited strong repetition effects, with brain activity becoming increasingly dissimilar with each successive viewing, accompanied by reduced coupling to low-level visual features and decreased anti-correlation with default mode regions. In contrast, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) showed temporal proximity effects, where sessions closer in time exhibited more similar activity patterns regardless of viewing number. This temporal structure in vmPFC aligned with fluctuations in participants video preferences across sessions. These findings suggest that repeated experiences are never processed identically: sensory systems adapt efficiently to familiar input while interpretive systems continuously reshape meaning based on current internal states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-h. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadhukha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structured Neural Variability from Repeated Naturalistic Video Watching Experiences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct inflammatory and adaptive immune properties of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium displays cellular heterogeneity, with gene expression driving pathogenesis. Prior transcriptomic studies relied on disaggregated tissue, which causes cell loss and induction. We applied spatial transcriptomics to investigate synovial lining and sublining fibroblasts and macrophages from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients.

MethodsFresh frozen synovial tissues from 7 RA and 8 OA patients were analyzed using the NanoString GeoMX DSP Whole Transcriptome Assay. Lining and sublining regions were segmented into fibroblasts and macrophages. Principal component analysis separated samples by cell type and disease. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were analyzed by linear mixed models (p-value<0.05 and |log2 fold change|>0.5) and Reactome pathway (FDR<0.02) analysis.

ResultsDEG analysis of RA compared to OA revealed distinct gene signatures across regions and cell types. RA lining fibroblasts exhibited a strong pro-inflammatory and matrix-destructive signature, while RA sublining fibroblasts showed an unexpected role in antigen presentation and adaptive immunity. RA lining macrophages exhibited enrichment for interleukin signaling, extracellular matrix organization, and translation-related pathways. In contrast, sublining macrophages showed minimal transcriptional differences between RA and OA, suggesting limited pathogenic involvement. Comparison between lining and sublining within RA showed that lining fibroblasts display a higher activated phenotype than sublining cells.

ConclusionSpatial transcriptomic analysis uncovers distinct region- and cell-type-specific transcriptional profiles in RA synovium. Lining fibroblasts are highly activated and destructive, and sublining fibroblasts contribute surprisingly to adaptive immunity. This data provides clues to region-cell-type-specific functions that could be exploited to identify novel therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Machado, C. R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benschop, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firestein, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.08.687060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct inflammatory and adaptive immune properties of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Infusible Extracellular Matrix Biomaterial Enhances Cell-Specific Pro-Repair Responses Following Acute Myocardial Infarction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.08.687255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To mitigate the pathological effects of myocardial infarction, we developed and investigated pro-reparative decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterials: an intravascularly infusible ECM (iECM). However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which iECM mediates repair are unknown because investigations have relied on bulk techniques. Here, we leverage single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) to measure pro-repair in various cell types across acute timepoints (1, 3 and 7 days post infusion). In iECM, we found pro-reparative macrophage activation, fibroblast remodeling, increased vasculaure development, lymphangiogenesis, cardioprotection, and neurogenesis. These findings were validated through spatial transcriptomics. Thus, we define the pro-reparative nature of decellularized ECM biomaterials on cardiac cell types and elucidate previously undiscovered therapeutic pathways, further demonstrating the potential of iECM as an MI therapy as well as display the wealth of data generated from next-generation sequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mesfin, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, Q. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karkanitsa, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninh, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gardner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paleti, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridgelal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimold, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.08.687255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Infusible Extracellular Matrix Biomaterial Enhances Cell-Specific Pro-Repair Responses Following Acute Myocardial Infarction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.687483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The blood proteome predicts the impact of circulating factors on age-related mitochondrial health 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.09.687483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circulating non-cellular factors, such as plasma proteins, contribute to various features of aging. To determine the impacts of endogenous circulating factors on human age-related bioenergetic decline, we treated primary human fibroblasts with serum samples representing the adult life-course. Our results demonstrate that the maximal mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity of fibroblasts treated with serum is negatively correlated with the chronological and epigenetic age of the serum donor. Using targeted proteomics, we identified plasma proteins associated with the bioenergetic effects of serum. We then utilized elastic net, a linear regression modeling technique, to derive a novel proteomic signature of age-related mitochondrial differences. MitoAge is a 25-protein signature of age-related mitochondrial health that predicts the systemic bioenergetic effects of circulating factors and is related to differences in physical function across human aging. Signatures that report on cellular hallmarks of aging, such as mitochondrial function, represent a new generation of mechanistically-informed biomarkers of biological aging.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTIn this study, we describe the development of a novel proteomic signature, MitoAge. This signature was developed by utilizing human primary fibroblasts treated with serum samples representing the adult human life-course and analyzing how resulting respirometry correlated with chronological age, epigenetic age, and abundance of serum proteins. Utilizing machine learning techniques, we derived a 25-protein signature which can predict bioenergetics and physical features related to aging. Application and utility of this signature may be used to identify novel drivers of health and longevity.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heimler, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bektas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fantoni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaileh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrucci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, A. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.09.687483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The blood proteome predicts the impact of circulating factors on age-related mitochondrial health]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal indexing alters the stability landscape of synaptic weight space allowing life-long learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systems-level consolidation holds that the hippocampus rapidly encodes new information during wakefulness, and that coordinated cortico-hippocampal replay during subsequent sleep transfers and stabilizes and refines those traces in cortex. This idea captures key learning principles, but exactly how replay reshapes the synaptic-weight landscape - creating new representations while preserving old ones - remains unclear. To address this, we used a biophysically realistic network model to probe the effects of slow-wave sleep (SWS) on synaptic-weight space. We show that previously learned memories are stable attractors in that space, and that hippocampus-driven interactions between sharp-wave ripples and cortical slow waves push the system into new attractor states that jointly encode old and new memories. As a result, replay allows recently acquired information to be incorporated without degrading prior memories. Our results offer a novel mechanistic - and conveniently "geometric" - framework for understanding how sleep-driven replay sculpts synaptic weights during consolidation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStoring, processing, and retrieving information underpins intelligent behavior. Sleep extracts invariant features from prior experience, promoting the emergence of explicit knowledge and insight. Yet despite abundant empirical findings, our understanding of how sleep reshapes memory representations across brain networks remains limited. Here we present a novel framework that describes how memories are encoded in synaptic-weight space and how sleep dynamics reorganize that landscape. These results advance our understanding of how the brain solves core problems of lifelong learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delanois, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNaughton, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal indexing alters the stability landscape of synaptic weight space allowing life-long learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.687915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An infusible decellularized extracellular matrix material binds to vasculature in infarcted myocardium and induces pro-reparative gene expression following acute myocardial infarction through inherent avidity and bioactive signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.687915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To treat acute myocardial infarction immediately after reperfusion, we previously engineered an intravascularly infusible decellularized extracellular matrix (iECM) biomaterial that exerts immunomodulatory and pro-reparative effects. However, the impact of the heterogeneous contents of iECM on infarct localization and downstream biological function is unknown. Using liquid chromatography, iECM is separated into a high molecular weight (MW) and low MW component. Mass spectrometry confirms compositional similarity, while biochemical assays and transmission electron microscopy highlight differences in biochemical features and structure, revealing a nanofibrillar high MW component and a globular peptide low MW. Quartz crystal microbalance studies show binding of each component to basal lamina ECM proteins and endothelial cell surface receptors under flow, demonstrating the specificity of ECM biomaterials to permeable vasculature. In vivo, the low MW component reduces vascular permeability, while neither component alone achieves the retention levels of complete iECM. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing to probe bioactivity, both components elicited comparable angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and pro-reparative transcriptional programs. These findings illustrate that highly coupled materials and biological characterization uncover fundamental behaviors and properties of iECM biomaterials. Additionally, we show the unique binding behavior of iECM to the gaps of permeable vasculature, which could be exploited for future nanomaterial design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ninh, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCabe, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, Q. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bridgelal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimold, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christman, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.12.687915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An infusible decellularized extracellular matrix material binds to vasculature in infarcted myocardium and induces pro-reparative gene expression following acute myocardial infarction through inherent avidity and bioactive signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable prediction of symmetric protein complex structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All life relies on proteins to function, yet accurately modeling protein structures that exceed {approx} 10, 000 amino acids or have higher-order geometries remains difficult. Existing solutions are limited to specific scenarios, require considerable computational resources, or are otherwise unscalable. Consequently, many large, disease-relevant protein complexes in the human proteome, as well as nearly all viruses and numerous other classes, are impractical to model with high fidelity for drug development. To modulate these protein complexes and viruses, structural information is eminently valuable, and often essential. In the last two years, machine learning based-tools that can generate binders to a given target structure with high hit rates have emerged. Combined with high-throughput screening, these technologies can far outpace traditional drug discovery. However, they cannot function well without accurate models of their target structures. Thus, to unlock the full power of AI-driven drug discovery, a scalable method must be developed to predict large protein complex structures. To overcome this bottleneck, we introduce Plica-1, a physics-based method to rapidly and accurately predict the structure of arbitrarily large, symmetric protein complexes. Validated across 4 major symmetry classes (icosahedral, tetrahedral, octahedral, and cyclic), the method consistently achieves near-experimental levels of accuracy, i.e., RMSD < 5[A]. In test cases, the method runs in < 5 minutes on consumer hardware, 103-105 times faster than the closest comparable software. The largest structure currently built, at {approx}40,000 amino acids, is > 8 times the limit of existing machine learning methods. The results demonstrate that protein complexes can be modeled at significantly improved speeds and scales, making Plica-1 a promising tool for protein engineering and drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demsko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castells-Graells, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ajjarapu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tofighbakhsh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lake, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glanzman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzagatiti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable prediction of symmetric protein complex structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPrUCE: Utilizing Ultraconserved Elements of DNA for Population-Level Genetic Diversity Estimation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) provide ideal candidates for targeted sequencing and cost-effective acquisition of genome-wide data. While UCEs have been widely used in phylogenetic studies to recon-struct evolutionary relationships, their use in population-level research has been limited. This limited application stems from uncertainty over whether UCEs can capture the levels of genetic variation needed to answer population genomic questions central to ecology and biodiversity research. The concern is that, by definition, UCEs are highly conserved and may therefore lack sufficient within-species variation. The more variable flanking regions (400-750 bp from the UCE core) contain informative polymorphisms, though diversity decreases near the core. Thus, any naive estimator of genetic diversity that ignores this conservation will have an underestimation bias. In this paper, we introduce SPrUCE: Sigmoid Pi requiring UCEs, a reference-free method that estimates nucleotide diversity{pi} from aligned UCE data. SPrUCE corrects underestimation bias by modeling the change in diversity away from the UCE core using a Gompertz function. The model accounts for the bias introduced by the conserved core and allows for more accurate per-site diversity estimates. We tested SPrUCE on UCE alignments from a range of taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates (finches, honeybees, sheep, and smelt). SPrUCE produces diversity values consistent with whole-genome derived estimates that require an assembled reference. It is fast, scalable, and effective even with missing data. Its modeling approach enables accurate population-level assessments of genetic diversity, offering a new and reliable option for conservation and population genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melendez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapci, A. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPrUCE: Utilizing Ultraconserved Elements of DNA for Population-Level Genetic Diversity Estimation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.15.688181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minute-scale single-cell transcriptomics enables dynamic modeling of cellular behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.15.688181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractDynamic cellular processes such as signaling, fate decisions, and intercellular communication unfold on minute timescales, a regime inaccessible to conventional transcriptomic methods. This temporal gap has fundamentally limited the development of predictive, causal models of cell behavior. Here, we bridge this gap by introducing ChronoSeq, an automated single-cell RNA sequencing platform that achieves genome-wide profiling with a temporal resolution as brief as seven minutes. By integrating automated live-cell sampling with molecular time-barcoding, ChronoSeq captures rapid transcriptional dynamics with high fidelity. Applying ChronoSeq to TNF- stimulated cells, we discovered a rapid, heterogeneity-driven bifurcation in the NF-{kappa}B response that was previously unobservable. We further demonstrate that the high-density temporal data generated by ChronoSeq enables a new class of computational models that dramatically outperform existing methods in inferring the directionality and targets of post-translationally regulated transcription factors. Finally, in a multicellular co-culture, ChronoSeq resolved a paracrine signaling cascade in real time, identifying both the timing and molecular identity of the intercellular relay. By providing a framework to measure dynamics, infer regulation, and model communication at the true pace of biology, ChronoSeq establishes a new foundation for dynamic systems biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Asthana, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jambor, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.15.688181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minute-scale single-cell transcriptomics enables dynamic modeling of cellular behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural ensembles for music production recruit more language instruments as rhythmic complexity increases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Language and music, two core forms of human communication, both rely on rhythmic control. To date, the neural ensembles supporting their real-time production are not fully characterized. Using rapid phase-encoded fMRI, we mapped the spatiotemporal brain dynamics of overt language and music production under varying rhythm control demands. We observed overlapping hemodynamic traveling waves across domains, with auditory-motor regions activated earlier, followed by visual, posterior parietal, and Sylvian parietal-temporal (Spt) regions, supporting sensorimotor transformation and online monitoring of production. Increasing rhythmic complexity elicited slower and stronger activations in both domains: compared with baseline, regular rhythm control elicited delayed and amplified responses, while irregular rhythm control produced the slowest and strongest responses. During music production, rhythm-related activity expanded into frontal and temporal language regions, suggesting that higher rhythmic demands engage language resources. These findings reveal dynamic neural ensembles that can flexibly reconfigure shared resources to support temporal precision in sequence production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, C. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho Weatherly, K. I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sereno, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, V. L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural ensembles for music production recruit more language instruments as rhythmic complexity increases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pH-induced structural changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
pH critically influences SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and stability by, for example, triggering pH-dependent conformational changes in the spike glycoprotein that can facilitate membrane fusion and viral entry into host cells. Using the emerging dynamical nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (D-NEMD) simulations approach, we investigated how biologically relevant pH shifts affect the functional dynamics of the fully glycosylated spike from the ancestral, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants of concern. For this, over 1100 nonequilibrium simulations were conducted to capture the pH-induced structural and dynamic changes that occur following transitions from physiological to acidic and alkaline conditions, with the former mimicking the low pH environment within endosomes, and the latter the high pH conditions accessible to nascent exhaled aerosols. D-NEMD reveals that pH changes trigger distinct, variant-specific conformational responses in key regions of the spike, including the receptor binding domain (RBD), fusion peptide proximal region (FPPR), and C-terminal domain (CTD). The ancestral spike shows broad pH sensitivity, characterised by directional motions and region-specific structural rearrangements that depend on the pH conditions. The spike of the Delta variant displays increased reactivity to alkaline pH, potentially explaining its reduced stability in alkaline aerosols. The spike of Omicron BA.1, in contrast, responds strongly to acidic conditions with spontaneous RBD opening and pronounced structural rearrangements in the FPPR and CTD. This behaviour aligns with this variants preference for endosomal entry and reduced reliance on TMPRSS2-mediated fusion. The Omicron BA.1 spike also shows increased resilience to alkaline pH, suggesting greater environmental stability. Our findings further emphasise the key role of glycans in spike activation, with glycan N234 stabilising the RBD "up" conformation during pH-induced transitions in Omicron under acidic conditions. These insights, together, highlight pH as a potential evolutionary pressure for SARS-CoV-2 and underscore the importance of glycosylation and environmental pH variability in shaping the behaviour of viral fusion proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A. S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tulli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berger, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffitzel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddrell, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulholland, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pH-induced structural changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging alters tumor cell - T cell crosstalk to promote breast cancer progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age is a dominant risk factor for all major breast cancer subtypes. However, the mechanisms by which aging influences tumor development remain unclear. Using a novel mouse model whereby breast cancer is induced in situ in young and old wild-type mice via intraductal delivery of a lentivirus encoding the HER2/neu oncogene, we found that old mice exhibited a higher oncogene-induced tumor burden than young mice. Old tumor cells showed reduced expression of interferon-related genes, particularly the T cell-recruiting chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, linked to their altered chromatin accessibility. CXCL9/10 expression also declined with age in human HER2+ tumors. Correspondingly, old tumors exhibited fewer T cells within tumor lesions. Targeted interventions showed that decreased expression of Cxcl9/10 is responsible for reduced T cell infiltration and weakened anti-tumor immunity. These results show how aged tumor cells are impaired in their recruitment of immune cells, leading to a defective anti-tumor immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging alters tumor cell - T cell crosstalk to promote breast cancer progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insular error network enables self-correcting intracranial brain-computer interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Error recognition is fundamental to adaptive behavior, enabling rapid compensatory action when outcomes deviate from expectations. Central to this function are neural circuits for performance monitoring, encoding cognitive signals that could support more reliable neural interfaces. Here, we recorded intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in epilepsy patients to enable a motor brain-computer interface (BCI) while sampling error-related activity across a distributed network. Our work reveals high-frequency population dynamics emerging in the anterior insula and propagating to the prefrontal cortex as the interface fails to follow the users intention. We identify spatially organized insular responses to error processing and movement feedback, highlighting it as a heterogeneous hub linking action and outcome. Real-time integration of error responses enables a self-correcting neural interface that enhances usability by reducing the need for manual user intervention. Together, our work demonstrates a human intracranial BCI harnessing insular brain activity, integrating cognitive processes directly into device control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottenhoff, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verwoert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimple, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Dijk, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temel, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubben, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insular error network enables self-correcting intracranial brain-computer interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688839v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibiting Glycan Degradation Prevents HIV-Induced Inflammaging and Cognitive Impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688839v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognitive impairment is a frequent outcome of chronic viral infections linked to premature aging, including HIV. The mechanisms underlying this decline remain poorly understood. Here, we identify pro-inflammatory glycan degradation, characterized by loss of sialic acid and galactose, alterations that are hallmarks of premature aging, as key contributors to HIV-associated cognitive impairment (HIV-CI). In two independent cohorts of people living with HIV, these degradative changes were enriched in individuals with cognitive impairment, particularly females, and correlated with worse cognitive performance. In both a humanized mouse model of HIV and Eco-HIV, a complementary model that allows behavioral testing, pharmacological inhibition of glycan degradation with sialidase inhibitors prevented virally induced inflammation, immune activation, accelerated aging, and memory deficits. These findings implicate glycan degradation as a contributor to inflammation and cognitive impairment in HIV and highlight glycan-preserving therapies as a promising strategy to mitigate inflammation, premature aging, and cognitive decline during viral infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Giron, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borjabad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granche, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Menezes, E. G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Premeaux, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, S. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friday, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glover, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balboa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dopkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secreto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skuli, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tateno, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denton, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palella, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corley, M. J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndhlovu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tassiopoulos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volsky, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdel-Mohsen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688839</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibiting Glycan Degradation Prevents HIV-Induced Inflammaging and Cognitive Impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing Translation in Action with Protein Synthesis Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translation is a central control point of gene expression, linking nucleotide sequences to functional proteins. Dysregulated translation contributes to diverse diseases, underscoring the need for methods that can directly reveal which transcripts are actively translated. Ribosome profiling, the current gold standard, provides nucleotide-resolution maps of ribosome occupancy but requires laborious purification and sacrifices information on mRNA isoforms and mRNA modifications by restricting analysis to short ribosome-protected fragments.

Here, we introduce Protein Synthesis Profiling (PSP), a proximity-labeling strategy for transcriptome-wide identification of actively translated mRNAs without ribosome isolation. PSP exploits a fusion of the enzyme APEX2 with the elongation factor eEF2, which transiently associates with ribosomes during elongation, to catalyze selective tagging of mRNAs engaged in translation.

Applied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PSP captures condition-specific translational programs, recapitulates known stress responses, and expands the detectable repertoire of regulated genes beyond existing methods. By preserving full-length transcript features, PSP is scalable, isoform-aware, and broadly adaptable, providing a versatile platform to dissect translational regulation in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matta, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ten, Z. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing Translation in Action with Protein Synthesis Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and mechanism of microtubule stabilization and motor regulation by MAP9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate the organization of microtubules and control intracellular transport, but their individual contributions to microtubule dynamics and motor regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify MAP9 as a critical factor that stabilizes microtubules and facilitates neuronal morphogenesis. MAP9 knockdown abolishes the outgrowth of neurites, a phenotype not observed through the loss of other neuronal MAPs. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that, unlike other MAPs that bind along protofilaments, MAP9 binds around the microtubule as a long alpha helix using five consecutive repeats. This unique binding mode enables MAP9 to staple adjacent protofilaments, thereby preventing microtubule depolymerization. We also showed that MAP9 selectively permits kinesin-3 motility while hindering kinesin-1 through interactions with a divergent loop-8 of their motor domains. Our results establish MAP9 as a key MAP required for neuronal growth and uncover how it differentially regulates intracellular transport driven by kinesin motors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cetin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golcuk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monroy, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ori-McKenney, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogales, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and mechanism of microtubule stabilization and motor regulation by MAP9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.688341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficiency Couples Purine Metabolism to Innate Immune Activation and Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.688341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MDS) encompass a heterogeneous set of metabolic disorders caused by defects in enzymes responsible for maintaining mitochondrial nucleotide pools and genome integrity. Among these, deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) acts within the mitochondrial purine-salvage pathway and loss-of-function mutations give rise to DGUOK deficiency, a severe hepatocerebral form of MDS marked by liver failure, neurodevelopmental impairment, and systemic metabolic inflammation. Although the clinical manifestations of DGUOK deficiency have been primarily ascribed to defective mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, some patients exhibit hepatic steatosis and inflammation despite preserved mtDNA content, suggesting that DGUOK deficiency may deregulate additional metabolic and immune pathways. Here we show that DGUOK depletion reprograms hepatocellular metabolism and innate immune signaling through a purine-dependent mechanism operating independently of mtDNA depletion. In human hepatocellular carcinoma hepatocytes (HEPG2) subjected to siRNA-mediated DGUOK silencing, mitochondrial architecture and respiration remained intact but cells exhibited pronounced lipid droplet accumulation and a robust cell-intrinsic innate immune type I interferon response. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed widespread transcriptional reprogramming, including upregulation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), suppression of lipid metabolic pathways, and changes in purine, methionine, and methylation-associated gene networks. Perturbing purine homeostasis through deoxyadenosine (dAdo) supplementation in wild-type cells phenocopied DGUOK disruption, causing global DNA hypomethylation and activation of viral mimicry pathways. Together, these findings identify DGUOK as a central regulator of the purine-regulated lipid-immune axis in hepatocytes, demonstrating that mitochondrial nucleotide salvage preserves hepatic immune and metabolic homeostasis beyond its canonical role in mtDNA synthesis. By linking purine imbalances to steatosis and type I interferon activation, this study establishes a mechanistic framework for immunometabolic pathology in DGUOK deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Corey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rayadurgam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbons, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vatanmakanian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kakugawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saminathan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.688341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficiency Couples Purine Metabolism to Innate Immune Activation and Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic RNA degradation suppresses calcium signaling to support synapse function and restrain anxiety 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How astrocytes achieve their diverse roles in the brain at the molecular level is poorly understood. In this study, we leverage mouse models, electrophysiology, calcium imaging, behavioral assays, and bioinformatic approaches to demonstrate that astrocyte activity and astrocyte-mediated mouse behavior depends on the highly conserved and selective RNA turnover pathway-nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD). Conditional deletion of the core NMD gene, Upf2, in mature astrocytes leads to enhanced basal Ca2+ signaling coupled with synapse dysfunction and elevated anxiety. Restoring basal Ca2+ signaling in NMD-deficient astrocytes rescued synaptic transmission and minimized anxiety-associated behavior. Molecular bioinformatic analysis identified specific NMD target transcripts in astrocytes as candidates influencing calcium signaling pathways and neuro-glia interactions that support brain function. Our study is the first to demonstrate functional roles for NMD in astrocytes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNon-sense mediated mRNA Decay (NMD) is the only RNA regulatory pathway linked to numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. To date, several studies indicate the NMD pathway regulates specific mRNAs to support fundamental neuronal processes in the mammalian brain. Yet, the biological role of NMD in brain astrocytes remains unknown. This study identifies the mRNA transcripts targeted by NMD and characterizes their contribution to critical neuro-glia interactions supporting proper brain function. In doing so, our work advances our knowledge of glial RNA biology in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lituma, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deveci, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrio-Alonso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.689044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic RNA degradation suppresses calcium signaling to support synapse function and restrain anxiety]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maternal glucocorticoids and behavior shape offspring developmental trade-offs in wild baboons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian mothers provide behavioral and physiological signals that offspring use to calibrate development in relation to maternal resources and environmental cues. Infants respond selectively as they prioritize certain developmental systems over others, creating developmental tradeoffs between competing biological systems. Here, we investigate the influence of maternal capital ("investment capacity") on the growth and development of their infants in wild olive baboons (Papio anubis) from Laikipia, Kenya. We posit that maternal capital is influenced by a mothers own early life experiences (e.g., drought, maternal loss) and her current life experiences (e.g., dominance rank, food availability), and is signaled to offspring via maternal effort (i.e., nursing and carrying time) and glucocorticoids. We used behavioral data on 40 infants (43% female) in the first year of life to quantify maternal effort, infant play, and infant independence (i.e., frequency of infant departures from mother). We matched these behavioral data with maternal fecal glucocorticoid measures from lactating mothers, and infant growth measures assessed via photogrammetry. Signals of low maternal capital predicted lower rates of infant play, less behavioral independence, and slower growth. There was a negative relationship between the rate of social contact play and growth rate, indicating a developmental tradeoff. Males were more sensitive than females to some of the maternal signals measured in our study. These results add to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that maternal behavioral and physiological signals shape infant development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patterson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinde, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen Bond, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trumble, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strum, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.689046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maternal glucocorticoids and behavior shape offspring developmental trade-offs in wild baboons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dataset Documentation for Responsible AI: Analysis of Suitability and Usage for Health Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, but also raising concerns about algorithmic biases that mostly stem from the training data. It is widely supported that transparent dataset documentation is key to enabling responsible AI development. Several standardized dataset documentation approaches have been established, such as Datasheet, Dataset Nutrition Label, Accountability Documentation, Healthsheet, and Data Card. However, their suitability and usage for health datasets remain unclear. In this work, we compared all five approaches and evaluated their alignment with the STANDING Together Recommendations for Documentation of Health Datasets. We also investigated their real-world usage and gathered insights from generators and consumers of health datasets. Our findings reveal that none of these documentation approaches are used widely or fully suited for health datasets. We recommend developing a standard documentation approach for health datasets along with clear guidelines and automation tools to support adoption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heinke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpkins, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalaw, F. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karsolia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soundarajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nebeker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxter, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.689064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dataset Documentation for Responsible AI: Analysis of Suitability and Usage for Health Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Charting the Undiscovered Metabolome with Synthetic Multiplexing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.18.689170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In untargeted metabolomics, reference MS/MS libraries are essential for structural annotation, yet currently explain only 6.9% of the more than 1.7 billion MS/MS spectra in public repositories. We hypothesized that many unannotated features arise from simple, biologically plausible transformations of endogenous and exposure-derived compounds. To test this, we created a reference resource by synthesizing over 100,000 compounds using multiplexed reactions that mimic such biochemical transformations. 91% of the compounds synthesized are absent from existing structural databases. Through improvements in the construction of the computational infrastructure that enables pan repository-scale MS/MS comparisons, searching this biologically inspired MS/MS library increased the overall reference-based match rate by 17.4%, yielding over 60 million new matches and raising the global pan-repository MS/MS annotation rate to 8.1%. By facilitating structural hypotheses for previously uncharacterized MS/MS data, this framework expands the accessible detectable biochemical landscape across human, animal, plant, and microbial systems, revealing previously undescribed metabolites such as ibuprofen-carnitine and 5-ASA-phenylpropionic acid conjugates arising from drug-host and host-microbiome co-metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agongo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gouda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajkumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leanos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weimann, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuda, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giddings, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves Nunes, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caetano David, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carver, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.18.689170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Charting the Undiscovered Metabolome with Synthetic Multiplexing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dengue Virus NS1 Binds Ephrin B1 to Trigger Endothelial Dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is the most prevalent and medically important mosquito-borne viral pathogen. Infected cells secrete the viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) into the bloodstream, where it can interact with endothelial cells to induce vascular leak. Host factors involved in NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction are incompletely understood, leading us to investigate the host interactome of DENV NS1 in endothelial cells via a comparative mass spectrometry approach. We identified ephrin B1 (EFNB1) as a critical host factor in NS1-mediated endothelial barrier dysfunction and show that phosphorylation of EFNB1 is necessary for induction of barrier dysfunction. Further, we map the interface of the EFNB1-NS1 complex through biochemical and computational approaches, and we show that EFNB1-Fc-fusion proteins can act as decoys to block NS1-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. This study provides insights into the mechanism of flavivirus NS1-mediated endothelial barrier dysfunction and new avenues to target vascular leak.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pahmeier, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammond, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flory, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Posada, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duarte, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardona-Ospina, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tjang, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beatty, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biering, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scaturro, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dengue Virus NS1 Binds Ephrin B1 to Trigger Endothelial Dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GABA-glutamate corelease is a mechanism for state-dependent neurotransmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ventral tegmental area neurons projecting to lateral habenula (LHb) corelease the main inhibitory and excitatory transmitters, GABA and glutamate (VTAGG). Yet the functional role of this synchronous signal remains unclear. We hypothesized that the sign of VTAGG action depends on postsynaptic state in LHb. Ex vivo, activating VTAGG terminals evoked excitatory and inhibitory responses in LHb that varied with postsynaptic membrane potential. In vivo, VTAGG inputs drove net inhibition and supported positive reinforcement that was dependent on GABA, but not glutamate, release. Using chemogenetics to bidirectionally modulate LHb, we found that LHb hyperpolarization shifted VTAGG effects toward excitation, abolishing positive reinforcement, whereas LHb depolarization enhanced net inhibition and positive reinforcement. Thus, the activity state of LHb neurons dictates whether GABA-glutamate corelease is functionally inhibitory or excitatory and can reverse the motivational valence of VTAGG input, supporting a homeostatic role for GABA-glutamate cotransmission with broad implications for disorders of imbalanced motivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Warlow, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowlat, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollon, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faget, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oriol, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zell, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnasko, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GABA-glutamate corelease is a mechanism for state-dependent neurotransmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting peptide-MHC complexes with designed T cell receptors and antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Class I major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs), expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells, present peptides derived from intracellular proteins for surveillance by T cells. The precise recognition of foreign or mutated peptide-MHC (pMHC) complexes by T cell receptors (TCRs) is central to immune defense against pathogens and tumors. Although patient-derived TCRs specific for cancer-associated antigens have been used to engineer tumor-targeting therapies, their reactivity toward self- or near-self antigens may be constrained by negative selection in the thymus. Here, we introduce a structure-based deep learning framework, ADAPT (Antigen-receptor Design Against Peptide-MHC Targets), for the design of TCRs and antibodies that bind to pMHC targets of interest. We evaluate the ADAPT pipeline by designing and characterizing TCRs and antibodies against a diverse panel of pMHCs. Cryogenic electron microscopy structures of two designed antibodies bound to their respective pMHC targets demonstrate atomic-level accuracy at the recognition interface, supporting the robustness of our structure-based approach. Computationally designed TCRs and antibodies targeting pMHC complexes could enable a broad range of therapeutic applications, from cancer immunotherapy to autoimmune disease treatment, and insights gained from TCR-pMHC design should advance predictive understanding of TCR specificity with implications for basic immunology and clinical diagnostics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Motmaen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jude, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minervina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lichtenstein, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenezer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correnti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting peptide-MHC complexes with designed T cell receptors and antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Force-responsive symmetric cell divisions orient stomata along global tissue axes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stomata, microscopic pores that regulate gas exchange in plants, are patterned according to conserved pathways that regulate their physiology. Here, we identify a new mode of stomatal patterning that depends on previously unrecognized regulation of the final symmetric cell division that creates paired guard cells. Symmetric cell divisions are aligned by tensile stress at both the subcellular and supracellular scales, creating a globally polarized stomatal field that tracks the major axes of tissue growth. By identifying KATANIN as a critical regulator of symmetric division orientation, we show that stress-based division orientation is required to prepattern stomatal morphology and pore creation. We find that expansion of neighboring cells non-autonomously controls symmetric division orientation, linking stomatal alignment to overall leaf shape. Finally, we show that polarized stomatal fields are widespread across plant genera and their species-specific alignment patterns are consistent with the force-based mechanism we identify in Arabidopsis. This force-responsive pathway provides a unifying model that explains long-standing observations of stomatal organization across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartman, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goetz, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muroyama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Force-responsive symmetric cell divisions orient stomata along global tissue axes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.681142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive Performance and Brain-Predicted Age Difference in Bipolar Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.681142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging-derived brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) is a promising marker of advanced brain aging, but its link to cognitive function in bipolar disorder (BD) is not well understood, especially when comparing across publicly available algorithms trained on diverse, large sample datasets and to algorithms trained on local cohorts with rich multimodal imaging data. Our study compares algorithms used to estimate brain-PAD in terms of their clinical relevance to cognition in BD. We included 44 euthymic BD I individuals and 73 HCs who completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and we selected nine scores from this battery for further analyses. Raw scores were log-transformed, scaled, and subjected to PCA; PC1 indexed overall executive function. Four brain-PAD algorithms (PHOTON, BrainageR, DenseNet, Multimodal) were applied to T1-weighted MRI data; the multimodal algorithm also included Diffussion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL), functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and resting state Magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) data. For each algorithm, we regressed brain-PAD on age, sex, and their interaction to obtain residuals, then used those residualized brain-PADs (which we refer to subsequently as brain-PADs throughout the text) to predict PC1. We then directly assessed if there were group differences in the relationship of brain-PAD to cognitive function by including an interaction term between group x brain-PAD. We found no significant group x brain-PAD interaction across all four algorithms. Given that, we then combined BD and HC and explored whether brain-PAD was a meaningful predictor of cognitive performance. Multimodal brain-PAD emerged as a strong negative predictor of cognitive performance (Beta Estimate = -0.084, SE = 0.024, t = -3.50, p < 0.001), indicating that those with older-appearing brains, as indexed by the brain-PAD, scored lower on PC1. BrainageR brain-PAD also significantly predicted PC1 (Beta Estimate = -0.031, SE = 0.0116, t = -2.71, p < 0.01), and DenseNet brain-PAD showed a modest effect (Beta Estimate = -0.0355, SE = 0.0177, t = -2.00, p < 0.05). PHOTON brain-PAD demonstrated a negative trend with PC1 (Beta Estimate = -0.024, SE = 0.0127, t = -1.92, p = 0.06). Residualized brain-PAD, after accounting for age and sex, was inversely associated with a composite metric of executive functioning, particularly for an algorithm integrating a range of imaging modalities. Our findings demonstrate how brain aging patterns captured by a neuroimaging-based, ML-derived composite metric could be associated with cognitive performance across algorithms trained on a variety of data granularity and sample sizes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, H. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.681142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive Performance and Brain-Predicted Age Difference in Bipolar Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gelsolin Counteracts ER Stress-Driven Inflammatory Circuits in Psoriasis-like Dermatitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder driven by amplified communication between immune cells and keratinocytes. Here, we show that imiquimod (IMQ) triggers organelle stress responses that directly contribute to this pathogenic circuit. In dendritic cells (DCs), IMQ promotes formation of ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs), inducing ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). These pathways act independently of, yet converge with, TLR7/MyD88 signaling to enhance IL-23 expression. IMQ also increases cytosolic Ca{superscript 2}+, facilitating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In parallel, keratinocytes exposed to IMQ activate UPR-dependent genes, including Defb14 (mBD14), a psoriasis-associated antimicrobial peptide. Extracellular mtDNA and mBD14 then cooperatively stimulate plasmacytoid DCs through TLR9, establishing a feed-forward inflammatory loop. We further identify Gelsolin as a direct IMQ-binding protein that mitigates IMQ-induced ER stress; its loss amplifies ER stress, UPR activation, and oxidative stress, and its expression is reduced in human psoriatic lesions. Thus, MAM-UPR signaling links intracellular organelle stress to the intercellular networks that drive psoriatic inflammation, with Gelsolin acting as a critical intrinsic safeguard.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ori, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okude, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konishi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murase, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiroki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toyodome, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kano, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawasaki, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishii, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobiyama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakashima, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakashima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumagai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuru, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohno, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gelsolin Counteracts ER Stress-Driven Inflammatory Circuits in Psoriasis-like Dermatitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
YOLito: A generalizable model for automated mosquito detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding mosquito behavior is key to advancing research in ecology, evolution, and disease control, yet most behavioral assays rely on human-dependent methods, such as real-time observation or manual frame-by-frame annotation, limiting throughput and reproducibility. We present YOLito, a domain-generalized AI model for automated mosquito detection and behavioral quantification. Built on the Ultralytics YOLO framework and enhanced with Slicing-Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI), YOLito accurately detects multiple mosquitoes across diverse backgrounds and imaging conditions. Trained on a globally assembled dataset of 38,547 annotated images from 35 experimental setups across six laboratories and three public datasets, YOLito achieved high performance on unseen data (precision = 0.95; recall = 0.91) and generalized across mosquito species (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex) and assay types, including blood-feeding, sugar-feeding, and oviposition. By automating behavioral scoring, YOLito transforms traditional assays into scalable and reproducible experimental platforms. The accompanying open-source toolkit enables high-throughput extraction of metrics such as visit frequency, duration, and distance traveled, providing a standardized and extensible framework that bridges computer vision and vector biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sar-Shalom, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassner, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinauger, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coutinho-Abreu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Triana, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouzada, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stensmyr, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papathanos, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohbot, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[YOLito: A generalizable model for automated mosquito detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation remodels the mitotic centrosome matrix to generate bipartite gamma-tubulin complex docking sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitotic centrosomes consist of centrioles surrounded by a proteinaceous matrix that docks and activates {gamma}-tubulin complexes ({gamma}TuCs) to nucleate microtubules for spindle assembly. During mitotic entry, phosphorylation at centrosomes remodels CDK5RAP2 family matrix proteins to generate {gamma}TuC docking sites. We address the mechanism of this conversion using C. elegans SPD-5 as a model. We show that SPD-5 contains two regions, PRGB1 and PRGB2, that are each sufficient for Polo-Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) phosphorylation-regulated {gamma}TuC binding. We define key phosphosites in each region and uncover autoinhibition mediated by interactions within and between them. PRGB2 is dimeric and requires {gamma}TuCs containing the Mozart family microprotein MZT-1 for binding, whereas PRGB1 is monomeric and binds independently of MZT-1. Our results support PLK1 phosphorylation inducing a conformational change that enables MZT-1-dependent PRGB2 binding, which in turn relieves PRGB1 inhibition. Such a multi-step mechanism would ensure robust spindle assembly by restricting microtubule nucleation in space and time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ohta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arakawa, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation remodels the mitotic centrosome matrix to generate bipartite gamma-tubulin complex docking sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A user-friendly machine-learning program to quantify stomatal features from fluorescence images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In nearly all plants, pores on the leaf surface called stomata are essential for photosynthesis and gas exchange. The shape and distribution of stomata on the leaf varies widely between plants and is directly connected to photosynthetic efficiency. However, our understanding of the factors, both genetic and environmental, that exert subtle but significant effects on stomatal morphology is limited by the time required to manually annotate stomata in large imaging datasets. Here, we present a lightweight and efficient tool, QuickSpotter, for semi-automated stomatal annotation from fluorescence images. First, we establish QuickSpotters ability to automatically and accurately annotate mature stomata across developmental time. We also introduce an optional, speedy proofreading utility, StomEdit, that allows the researcher to quickly validate and correct machine-generated annotations. We use QuickSpotter and StomEdit to quantify how stomatal morphology evolves at the population level during cotyledon development and demonstrate how the programs can be used to extract subtle differences in stomatal development following pharmacological treatments. Finally, we describe PairCaller, a pair-calling classifier that accompanies QuickSpotter and can be used to identify stomatal clusters, a physiologically relevant and widely studied developmental phenotype. Taken together, our suite of programs facilitates quantitative analyses of stomatal development at scale, enabling high-throughput analyses of leaf phenotypes under varied conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Angres, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muroyama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A user-friendly machine-learning program to quantify stomatal features from fluorescence images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689600v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of Brain Age Algorithms in Bipolar Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689600v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances in computational methods have accelerated the application of machine learning to analyze large complex biological data. By applying machine learning algorithms to neuroimaging data, researchers have estimated the "biological age of the brain" i.e., brain age, and used it as a composite metric for indexing brain health, as opposed to using individual features of the brain extracted from neuroimaging data. These machine learning algorithms/models, often known as "brain age" algorithms/models, may take supervised or unsupervised approaches and may utilize one or many imaging modalities during training. We applied 3 regression-based algorithm and 1 neural network-based algorithm trained on varying sample sizes of healthy comparison (HC) participants to estimate the brain age of 73 HC and 44 individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) in our neuroimaging study. Out of the four, 3 were pre-trained off-the-shelf algorithms and1 was developed and trained on multimodal neuroimaging data from a local cohort. The multimodal algorithm was trained on 51 age-matched HCs and tested on the remaining 22 HCs and 44 BDs. The brain predicted age difference (brain-PAD) score was calculated by subtracting the chronological age from the predicted age. Across four brain age prediction algorithms evaluated in HC, BrainageR and DenseNet demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy (r = 0.83; 0.89) and lowest mean absolute errors (MAE = 5.94; 7.26). However, PHOTON (r = 0.65, MAE = 7.71) showed greatest sensitivity to BD as demonstrated by our logistic regression model where the PHOTON brain-PAD was a significant predictor (beta = 0.064, p < 0.05) of BD. Analyses using ICC revealed that agreement levels varied, with PHOTON achieving the highest ICC with DenseNet (0.78) and BrainageR (0.73), which suggests they may pick up similar brain features as opposed to the multimodal algorithm (0.17- 0.43)

These results suggest that regularized linear models trained on large samples that explicitly exclude individuals with psychiatric diagnoses (i.e., PHOTON in this case) may be most sensitive to case-control differences despite having lower predictive accuracy. Our findings can serve as a starting point and quantitative reference for future efforts for researchers working with datasets that are similarly constrained by sample size but include unique combinations of imaging modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ng, H. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689600</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of Brain Age Algorithms in Bipolar Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPRINT-MS: A high-throughput platform for identifying protein-protein interactions using pooled IP-MS and sparse signal recovery. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present SPRINT-MS (SParse Reconstruction of INTeractions by Mass Spectrometry), an integrated experimental and computational platform to accelerate the discovery of protein-protein interactions (PPIs). PPIs, which govern critical cellular and physiological processes such as development and disease, form extensive networks that vary across time, conditions, and cell types, creating a complex, high-dimensionality problem. Thus, there is a pressing need for universally applicable tools capable of mapping and quantifying PPI networks and their context-dependent dynamics with high efficiency. SPRINT-MS combines an innovative antibody (or lysate) pooling scheme, immunopurification-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), and a novel sparse signal reconstruction algorithm to enable pooled PPI capture experiments. This approach increases throughput by an order of magnitude, while reducing sample input requirements. We demonstrate that SPRINT-MS, applied to 30 bait proteins of interest via either antibody or lysate pooling, is comparable to standard individual IP-MS experiments in the identification of PPIs and recapitulation of known interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Street, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumdar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothamel, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogus, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brar, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rube, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPRINT-MS: A high-throughput platform for identifying protein-protein interactions using pooled IP-MS and sparse signal recovery.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cannabis-enriched oral Actinomyces induces anxiety-like behavior via impairing mitochondria and GABA signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human oral microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to brain health, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous work revealed that oral Actinomyces species was enriched in chronic cannabis smokers. Here, we show oral inoculation of cannabis use-associated Actinomyces species, especially A. meyeri, to wild-type C57BL/6 mice leads to anxiety-like behaviors, non-region-specific microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced GABAergic neurotransmission, without evidence of bacterial translocation to the brain, neuroinflammation, and memory decline. Notably, Actinomyces species-producing metabolites, i.e., arginine and argininosuccinate, were increased in both oral swabs and brain following inoculation in vivo. These Actinomyces species-producing metabolites induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurons in vitro, indicating a neuropathogenic role and aligning with reduced GABAergic neurotransmission in vivo. Together, these results suggest that oral cannabis-associated dysbiosis impacts behavior through mitochondrial stress and impaired inhibitory signaling, indicating the oral-brain metabolic axis is potentially consequential in neuropsychiatric disorders.

TeaserChronic heavy cannabis use-enriched oral bacteria can drive anxiety and neuropathogenesis in mice.

Highlights{whitebullet} Cannabis-associated oral Actinomyces enrichment induces anxiety-like behavior in mice
{whitebullet}Microglial activation occurs without neuroinflammation (IL-1{beta}, TNF-, and IL-6)
{whitebullet}Mitochondrial hyperactivation and reduced inhibitory GABAergic signaling


Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noorani, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordieanu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penrod-Martin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitting, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalivas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cannabis-enriched oral Actinomyces induces anxiety-like behavior via impairing mitochondria and GABA signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic variation of human G6PD impacts Red Blood Cell transfusion efficacy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the most common human enzymopathy, affects 6% of the global population, yet its impact on blood storage and transfusion efficacy remains undefined. We integrated genome-metabolome-proteome analyses of 13,091 blood donors (362 G6PD SNPs), validated in a recalled cohort (n=643), linked donor-recipient databases, humanized mouse models (canonical, African A- [V68M+N126D], Mediterranean [S188F]), and a prospective sickle cell disease study. Common G6PD variants reduced protein abundance, reprogrammed redox metabolism, and increased storage hemolysis. In mice, G6PD-deficient RBCs showed lower post-transfusion recovery, higher oxidative stress, and impaired renal oxygenation. Clinically, recipients of G6PD-deficient units exhibited smaller hemoglobin increments and reduced RBC L{superscript 1}Cr-survival (-8% at 24 h; -12% at 4 weeks). Structural studies revealed kinetic fragility for A- and thermodynamic fragility for Med-, linking genotype to protein instability and transfusion outcome. These findings identify donor G6PD genotype as a determinant of transfusion efficacy, supporting genotype-aware inventory-management strategies.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karafin, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issaian, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reisz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keele, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzieciatkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendali, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Key, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemkov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephenson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palha, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Legenzov, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busch, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spitalnik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roubinian, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janetzko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenmesser, E. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimring, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buehler, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Alessandro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic variation of human G6PD impacts Red Blood Cell transfusion efficacy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple Quality Control Checkpoints Safeguard Small Nuclear RNA Biogenesis and Prevent Assembly of Aberrant Spliceosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Defective small nuclear (sn)RNAs are produced from hundreds of human snRNA pseudogenes and mutant snRNA genes associated with human developmental disorders. Machineries that prevent defective snRNAs from disrupting pre-mRNA splicing remain poorly defined. Here, we identify multiple checkpoints in snRNA biogenesis monitored by quality control machineries that subject defective snRNAs to degradation and prevent their assembly into spliceosomes. We show that variant U1 snRNAs produced from human pseudogenes, some at rates approaching the canonical snRNAs, are impaired in 3 cleavage and targeted for degradation by the NEXT-exosome while failures in subsequent protein assembly steps promote NEXT-exosome- or Terminal Uridylyl Transferase 4/7-mediated degradation. These pathways also repress mutant snRNAs associated with human developmental disorders. Impeding snRNA quality control causes formation of aberrant spliceosomes and altered pre-mRNA splicing. These findings define checkpoints in snRNA biogenesis that safeguard pre-mRNA splicing and represent potential therapeutic targets for human disorders associated with snRNA mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntington, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lardelli, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Nostrand, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lykke-Anderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple Quality Control Checkpoints Safeguard Small Nuclear RNA Biogenesis and Prevent Assembly of Aberrant Spliceosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.23.690028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone H2A Ubiquitination Mediates the Establishment of Reactivation-Competent HSV-1 Latent Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.23.690028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection of neurons, where it persists for life with the capability to reactivate. During latent infection, heterochromatin is deposited onto the viral genome to presumably permit viral gene silencing. Repressive histone modifications associated with the latent genome include the constitutive heterochromatin modifications, H3K9me2/3, and the facultative heterochromatin modification, H3K27me3. The role of these different types during entry into latency and as substrates for reactivation is unknown. H3K27me3 is associated with Polycomb silencing, and a second modification also associated with Polycomb silencing, especially in pluripotent cells and during early development, is H2AK119ub1. Here we found that H2AK119ub1 is enriched on a sub-population of latent HSV genomes. We examined the contribution of both H2AK119ub1 and H3K7me3 deposition to HSV-1 gene silencing during entry into latency. We found that H2AK119ub1 was deposited prior to H3K27me3 and that only inhibition of H2AK119ub1 deposition plays a subtle role in latency establishment. Importantly, we found that inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) that deposits H2AK119ub1 during latency establishment prevented later reactivation. In contrast, inhibiting the activity of PRC2, which deposits H3K27me3, did not impact reactivation. Together, these data demonstrate the heterogenic nature of the epigenetic structure of latent HSV genomes and provide evidence that those associated with H2AK119ub1 are the template for reactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boehlke, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dochnal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misra, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cliffe, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.23.690028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone H2A Ubiquitination Mediates the Establishment of Reactivation-Competent HSV-1 Latent Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689765v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Dynamics in Phage Therapy: Insights from Clinical Cases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689765v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBacteriophage therapy is increasingly used for antibiotic-refractory infections, yet its immunologic effects in humans remain poorly defined. We evaluated cytokine and immunoglobulin responses in nine compassionate-use cases of intravenous phage therapy, including solid organ transplant recipients and patients with device-associated or refractory bacterial infections.

MethodsSerial serum samples were analyzed by multiplex Luminex immunology and isotyping assays, with results correlated to host immune status, infecting organism, and clinical outcome.

ResultsCytokine patterns were heterogeneous and appeared to reflect the infecting pathogen more than phage exposure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections elicited broad pro-inflammatory cytokine increases (notably MCP-3 and TNF-{beta}), while Staphylococcus aureus infection was associated with overall cytokine reduction except for IL-6. Most immunocompetent patients exhibited an early IgM response within 1-2 weeks of phage initiation, whereas immunocompromised hosts demonstrated attenuated antibody levels. Neither cytokine nor humoral responses correlated with clinical outcome. In one case, serum neutralization developed against a specific phage but not against a subsequent, distinct phage cocktail targeting the same organism, suggesting variability in phage immunogenicity.

ConclusionOverall, intravenous phage therapy frequently induces IgM responses, which are more pronounced in immunocompetent patients, while cytokine dynamics depend more on pathogen and immune status than on phage administration itself. These findings underscore the need for standardized immune profiling in clinical phage trials to delineate beneficial versus detrimental immune responses and to inform the design of phage formulations with optimized immunogenic profiles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ritter, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maresso, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689765</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Dynamics in Phage Therapy: Insights from Clinical Cases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning Analysis of the Human Initiator Reveals New Insights into the Interrelationships between the TATA box, Initiator, and DPR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The initiator (Inr) is the starting point for the transcription of many genes. Here, we generated highly predictive machine learning models of the human Inr region, and determined that the Inr is present in about 60% of natural promoters, identified a novel TATA-specific Inr, and detected the overlapping but functionally distinct TCT motif. Quantitative genome-wide analyses revealed a strict and synergistic interaction between the Inr and DPR, a duality between the TATA and DPR, a flexible and sometimes independent function of the TATA box in relation to the Inr, and different properties of the TCT motif in humans and Drosophila.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhyne-Carrigg, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo ngoc, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medrano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillespie, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadonaga, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning Analysis of the Human Initiator Reveals New Insights into the Interrelationships between the TATA box, Initiator, and DPR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycerol suppresses lactose-dependent growth of Streptococcus pyogenes through a transcription-independent mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus; GAS) requires flexible metabolic regulation to adapt to diverse host environments; however, its physiological responses to lactose and glycerol remain poorly characterized compared with glucose. In this study, we analyzed three representative serotype M1 GAS strains--the M1global strain 5448, the ancestral M1 strain SF370, and SP1380 as a representative of the recently emerged M1UK lineage. Glycerol consistently suppressed lactose-dependent growth across all strains, while glycerol-dependent respiratory activity was observed in 5448 and SF370 but was absent in SP1380. RNA-seq analysis of strain 5448 revealed no significant transcriptional changes upon glycerol supplementation, indicating that this inhibitory effect likely occurs through a non-transcriptional mechanism. In contrast, lactose supplementation induced distinct transcriptional programs compared with glucose, including coordinated expression changes gene sets regulated by carbohydrate-responsive transcription factors (CcpA, MalR, and NanR) and by the virulence regulator Mga and the stress-response regulator Rgg. Together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized layer of carbon source-dependent metabolic regulation and growth control in GAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bando, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirose, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolla, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takemoto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donohue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ono, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikeda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawabata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycerol suppresses lactose-dependent growth of Streptococcus pyogenes through a transcription-independent mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved spike-in normalization clarifies the relationship between active histone modifications and transcription 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spike-in normalization enables quantitative analysis of ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) signal. Here we introduce a novel robust dual-spike-in normalization approach for ChIP-seq (ChIP-wrangler). We identify optimal conditions, such as the ratio between the spike-in species and the target, demonstrate the ability of this approach to detect technical artefacts, and use ChIP-wrangler to revisit recent claims that active histone marks are dependent on transcription. Concerned that previous studies improperly used spike-in normalization to arrive at their conclusions, we used ChIP-wrangler to show that acute depletion of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) has only a modest impact on the levels of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. In line with other studies, our results provide proof that the maintenance of histone acetylation is not merely a consequence of ongoing transcription. Further, we show that promoters and enhancers are differentially impacted by inhibiting transcription. Specifically, of the 5.9% peaks that showed a decrease in H3K27ac following depletion of RNAPII, 82% are promoter-distal and contain enhancer-related DNA binding motifs. Further, the small subset of regions that gain acetylation (0.35%) were enriched for stress response motifs. Our innovative ChIP-seq normalization approach provides increased rigor and "guardrails" for successful spike-in normalization, and as applied here refines the understanding of the intricate crosstalk between RNAPII activity and histone marks associated with transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dishon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendenhall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved spike-in normalization clarifies the relationship between active histone modifications and transcription]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.689866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AKAP1 regulates mitochondrial and synaptic homeostasis to enable neuroprotection and repair in retinal ganglion cell degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.689866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve degeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in this neurodegeneration, yet effective targeted therapies remain limited. Here, we identify the mitochondrial scaffold A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) as a critical regulator of RGC resilience and axon regeneration. AKAP1 expression is diminished in human glaucomatous retinas and experimental glaucoma models, correlating with elevated intraocular pressure, disrupted mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and synaptic instability. Restoration of AKAP1 via adeno-associated virus serotype 2-mediated gene therapy preserves RGC survival, promotes mitochondrial fusion and cristae integrity, enhances ATP production, and mitigates oxidative and apoptotic stress in mouse models of glaucoma and optic nerve injury. Transcriptomic profiling of AKAP1 knockout retinas reveals widespread dysregulation of mitochondrial and synaptic gene networks. Mechanistically, AKAP1 stabilizes synapses by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, modulating calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and synapsin phosphorylation, maintaining synaptophysin expression, and suppressing complement component C1q expression, thereby preventing early synaptic loss in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Moreover, restoring AKAP1 expression facilitates axonal regeneration, preserves the central visual pathway, and maintains visual function. Collectively, these findings establish AKAP1 as a master regulator of mitochondrial and synaptic homeostasis and axonal regeneration and a promising therapeutic target for vision preservation in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.

One Sentence SummaryAKAP1 protects retinal ganglion cells and preserves vision by restoring mitochondrial and synaptic health in experimental glaucoma models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bastola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poudel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinreb, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.689866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AKAP1 regulates mitochondrial and synaptic homeostasis to enable neuroprotection and repair in retinal ganglion cell degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring Local Protein Structural Similarity from Sequence Alone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting structural similarity at the local level between proteins is central to understanding function and evolution, yet most approaches require 3D models. In this work, we show that protein language models (pLMs), solely using sequence data as input, implicitly capture fine-grained structural signals that can be leveraged to identify such similarities. By mean-pooling residue embeddings over sliding windows and comparing them across proteins with cosine similarity, we find diagonal patterns that reflect locally aligned regions even without sequence identity. Building on this insight, we introduce a framework for detecting locally aligned structural regions directly from sequences, supporting the development of scalable methods for structural annotation and comparison.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethel, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring Local Protein Structural Similarity from Sequence Alone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The HMGN Proteins Are Transcriptional Regulatory Factors in Humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The high mobility group N (HMGN) proteins, which were discovered over 50 years ago, are a multigene family of abundant nucleosome-specific binding factors that are present in all vertebrates. Despite their intriguing nucleosome-binding activity, the potential functions of the HMGN proteins in chromatin have not yet been assessed unambiguously due to the presence of several related HMGN genes in vertebrates and the lack of HMGN null cells. Here, we investigated the genome-wide activities of the human HMGN proteins by generating and analyzing an HMGN null cell line and isogenic HMGN rescue cell lines. These experiments revealed that the HMGN proteins function in the activation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation at over a thousand specific sites that are mostly in promoters and enhancers. We additionally observed shared as well as unique functions of HMGN1 and HMGN2, which are likely to be the most abundant and ancient HMGN proteins. These findings thus indicate that the HMGN nucleosome-binding proteins are vertebrate-specific regulatory factors that primarily function in the activation of transcription initiation. Hence, any comprehensive model of vertebrate gene regulation should incorporate the contributions of the HMGN proteins, which are integral components of chromatin in all vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cruz-Becerra, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purow-Ruderman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delatte, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kassavetis, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadonaga, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The HMGN Proteins Are Transcriptional Regulatory Factors in Humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systemic immune dysregulation in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy persists years after delivery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. Mechanisms that link HDP to CVD, however, remain unclear.

MethodsWe used a high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry approach to profile the distribution and functional responses of maternal immune cells in three separate groups of HDP cases and normotensive controls, sampled antepartum, postpartum, and several years postpartum (midlife). We used multivariable sparse modeling to distinguish HDP cases from controls.

ResultsWe accurately distinguished HDP cases from controls at all three study timepoints, with area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve values of 0.814 for the antepartum group, 0.757 for the postpartum group, and 0.692 for the midlife group. Distinct immune signatures for each model underscore the dynamic dysregulation of the immune system throughout life. In addition, we identified a persistent immune dysregulation signal among HDP cases at all three timepoints, characterized by increased B cell frequency and decreased pSTAT3 response upon cytokine stimulation in classical monocytes.

ConclusionsPersistent immune dysregulation among women with a history of an HDP may contribute to elevated long-term risk of CVD development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sabayev, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganio, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stelzer, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cambriel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonham, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juvan, Z. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aghaeepour, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angst, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefanick, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melbye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hlatky, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winn, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaudilliere, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feyaerts, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systemic immune dysregulation in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy persists years after delivery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.29.691178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Red Blood Cell Proteome Defines the Band 3 N-Terminus Interactome as a Regulator of Hypoxic Adaptation via BLVRB-Dependent S-Nitroso Transfer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.29.691178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Red blood cells (RBCs) have long been regarded as passive oxygen carriers, yet growing evidence reveals a complex, dynamic proteome independent of de novo gene expression. Here, we define the erythrocyte as an oxygen-responsive system organized around a Band 3 (SLC4A1)-centered metabolon. Using deep proteomics of ultra-pure RBCs and cross-linking interactomics, we identify biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB) as a previously unrecognized Band 3 interactor that binds the N-terminal cytosolic domain under normoxia and dissociates under hypoxia, when band 3-deoxyhemoglobin interactions increase threefold. This reversible interaction forms an oxygen-sensitive switch coupling structural, redox, and metabolic remodeling. In humanized mice, truncation of the Band 3 N-terminus disrupted glycolytic activation, reduced 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthesis, and impaired exercise tolerance despite preserved cardiopulmonary function, establishing the physiological relevance of this module. Population-scale proteome quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analyses revealed coordinated variation of SLC4A1 and BLVRB abundance but minimal association of biliverdin levels with BLVRB genotype, suggesting alternative functions beyond heme catabolism. Mechanistically, BLVRB Cys109 acts as a nitric oxide (NO) relay, trans-nitrosating glycolytic enzymes such as GAPDH at active site Cys152, transiently inhibiting glycolysis. This S-nitrosation-mediated feedback mirrors conserved mechanisms in plants, where GAPDH-SNO redirects carbon flow toward the Calvin-Benson cycle under nitrosative stress, revealing an evolutionary convergence in gas-responsive metabolic control. Collectively, our findings define a Band 3-BLVRB-hemoglobin axis that links oxygen sensing, NO signaling, and redox homeostasis, providing a unifying model for how an anucleate cell achieves environmental adaptability through reversible protein-protein interactions and post-translational chemistry.

Graphic abstractIssaian et al. define the most comprehensive proteome of ultra-pure human red blood cells (3,775 proteins) and map the O2-dependent interactome, revealing a Band 3-BLVRB-hemoglobin module that links oxygen sensing to metabolic remodeling via reversible inhibitory S-nitrosation of GAPDH C152. In plants this redirects carbon toward photosynthesis, illustrating a conserved NO-dependent metabolic reprogramming mechanism across oxygen-regulated systems.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/691178v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (89K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@122468org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@114428dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11d40c4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1870fb7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIDeep proteomics defines a complete, contamination-free RBC proteome (3,775 proteins)
C_LIO_LICross-linking proteomics maps an oxygen-sensitive Band 3-centered interactome
C_LIO_LIO2-dependent BLVRB-Band 3 binding regulates metabolism via S-nitrosation of GAPDH
C_LIO_LIBand 3 N-terminus is required for hypoxic remodeling and exercise tolerance in vivo
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Issaian, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzieciatkowska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zohreh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saviola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redzic, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reisz, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keele, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cendali, F. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiman, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemkov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephenson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palsson, B. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doctor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohandas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimring, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenmesser, E. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Alessandro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.29.691178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Red Blood Cell Proteome Defines the Band 3 N-Terminus Interactome as a Regulator of Hypoxic Adaptation via BLVRB-Dependent S-Nitroso Transfer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rethinking Alzheimers: Novel miRNAs Illuminate a Disease Beyond the Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) poses major health, social and economic challenges to the modern world. Despite the advances in understanding AD, our knowledge about its pathogenesis remains incomplete. Recent data suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) undergo complex changes in AD. Since these changes are yet to be comprehensively characterized, we investigated miRNAs in the context of AD using two meta-analytical approaches. We reproducibly identified 2895 miRNAs in a cohort of 4186 individuals from 22 studies. Here we show that 194 miRNAs exhibited widespread changes in AD, including some novel miRNAs not yet linked to AD. These novel AD miRNAs broaden the landscape of research on the role of miRNAs in AD. Targets of these miRNAs further uncovered many biological pathways that, to date, remain poorly understood in AD with several "AD miRNAs" never described in the brain. "AD miRNAs" described outside the brain significantly influenced interleukin signaling, Toll receptor signaling, p38 MAPK pathway and insulin/IGF pathway. Our results reveal a greater complexity of biological pathways involved in AD than previously thought and raise the question of whether AD is indeed a brain-specific and not a systemic disorder. These findings advance current understanding of AD pathogenesis and lay the ground for the development of next-generation AD biomarkers and design of miRNA-engaged therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Novotny, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dammer, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokin, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rethinking Alzheimers: Novel miRNAs Illuminate a Disease Beyond the Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteostasis Stress Drives Stem Cell Aging, Clonal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is the primary risk factor for clonal hematopoiesis and the development of hematologic malignancies (1-5), yet the selective pressures that shape stem cell behavior and clonal expansion during aging remain poorly defined. Here, we identify proteostasis stress as a central driver of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging and clonal evolution. We show that Heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) is activated in aging HSCs to preserve proteostasis and sustain self-renewal. However, this physiological, age-associated adaptive mechanism is co-opted by pre-leukemic Dnmt3a-mutant HSCs to resist proteostasis and inflammatory stress required to fuel clonal expansion during aging. In the context of co-occurring Dnmt3a and Nras mutations, which are frequently observed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (6-13), mutant HSCs and progenitors exhibit heightened dependence on Hsf1 for expansion, malignant transformation and disease progression. Loss of Hsf1, or disruption of proteostasis, impairs expansion of mutant progenitors, delays leukemia onset, and prolongs survival. Together, these findings reveal proteostasis as a key constraint in the aging hematopoietic system that imposes a selective bottleneck. Hsf1 activation enables both physiological adaptation in aging stem cells and pathological clonal outgrowth in pre-leukemic and leukemic states, establishing proteostasis control as a pivotal mechanism linking stem cell aging to clonal hematopoiesis and malignancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunshine, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteostasis Stress Drives Stem Cell Aging, Clonal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.30.691081v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ClustSIGNAL identifies cell types and subtypes using an adaptive smoothing approach for scalable spatial clustering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.30.691081v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increased uptake of high-resolution spatially-resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies demands the development of unsupervised methods to extract cell types and their spatial distribution from biological tissues. However, unsupervised clustering is challenging due to the sparsity of the data and the differences in cell arrangement within tissues. Here, we introduce ClustSIGNAL, a spatial clustering method that adaptively uses neighbourhood information to overcome data sparsity and perform cell type clustering. ClustSIGNAL first defines initial clusters and sub-clusters of cells with similar gene expression patterns. For each cell, a fixed neighbourhood size is defined, and entropy is calculated based on the proportion of initial subclusters in the neighbourhood to capture its composition. Cell-specific weights, generated from entropy values, are used to embed spatial information into the gene expression through adaptive smoothing. The transformed gene expression is then used for clustering cell types. We compared our adaptive smoothing approach with other smoothing scenarios on four simulated datasets of varying spatial complexity. We also evaluated our clustering method on four publicly available high-resolution SRT datasets and compared its performance to that of three other spatial clustering methods. We showed that ClustSIGNAL performs multi-sample clustering with high accuracy and can identify subtle cell types and subtypes of biological relevance. It is also robust to changes in spatial structure of tissues, segmentation errors, and sparsity. Overall, ClustSIGNAL stabilises gene expression of cells in homogeneous neighbourhoods and preserves distinct gene expression of cells in heterogeneous regions, effectively balancing the use of neighbouring cells as prior knowledge for downstream analysis. The ClustSIGNAL R/Bioconductor package is available from bioconductor.org/packages/clustSIGNAL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Panwar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghazanfar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.30.691081</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ClustSIGNAL identifies cell types and subtypes using an adaptive smoothing approach for scalable spatial clustering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual-targeting snRNA gene therapy rescues STMN2 and UNC13A splicing in TDP-43 proteinopathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the selective deterioration of motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). A key driver of this pathogenesis is nuclear loss of ALS-associated protein TDP-43, leading to mis-splicing of TDP-43 targets including important neuronal genes STMN2 and UNC13A. Here, we have developed a gene therapy strategy for ALS and related TDP-43 proteinopathies, to correct mis-splicing of both STMN2 and UNC13A cryptic exons using small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) encoded from a single vector. We identified promoter sequence elements to increase therapeutic snRNA expression by 10-fold, then further optimized the expression cassette with combinatorial snRNA targeting to rescue multiple cryptic splicing targets. The engineered snRNAs restored normal pre-mRNA processing of both STMN2 and UNC13A transcripts despite TDP-43 loss of function, rescuing stathmin-2 protein levels in iPSC derived motor neurons, restoring their axonal regeneration capacity to wild-type levels. In addition, adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery of the snRNAs to the murine central nervous system in the constitutive cryptic splicing model Stmn2Hum{Delta}GU fully restored cortical Stmn2 pre-mRNA processing, highlighting the utility of snRNAs as a therapeutic modality in vivo. Together, this study demonstrates that snRNAs are a promising and versatile therapeutic strategy for the simultaneous correction of multiple aberrant transcripts affected by cryptic splicing in TDP-43 proteinopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmsaouri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopalle, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baughn, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlonis-Downes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artates, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smargon, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual-targeting snRNA gene therapy rescues STMN2 and UNC13A splicing in TDP-43 proteinopathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691607v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidating an anterior cingulate circuit for self-initiated actions and rescue of Parkinsonian akinesia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691607v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) depletion is known to result in Parkinsonian symptoms such as the inability to initiate movements (akinesia). While Parkinsonian akinesia is traditionally associated with reduced DA signaling in the striatum, the contribution of cortical regions that also receive DA projections and project to the striatum remains unclear. Here, we identify a previously unexplored cortical circuit involving D1-like dopamine receptor-expressing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that is critical for initiating goal-directed movements. We find that a selective activation of ACC-D1+ neurons can flexibly drive targeted movement and locomotion even in akinetic mice after dopamine depletion or receptor antagonism. These findings uncover a cortical mechanism for movement initiation and offer promising new therapeutic targets for treating Parkinsonian akinesia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ulloa Severino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roshchina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhurin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eroglu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691607</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidating an anterior cingulate circuit for self-initiated actions and rescue of Parkinsonian akinesia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitotic stopwatch synergizes with mild p53 activation to halt cell proliferation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mitotic stopwatch suppresses proliferation of cell lineages experiencing prolonged mitosis that are prone to chromosome missegregation and tumorigenesis. It converts extended mitotic duration into heritable USP28-53BP1 complexes that stabilize p53 and accumulate over generations. To identify genes whose knockout activates the stopwatch, we performed a CRISPR/Cas9 screen comparing dropout kinetics of essential-gene gRNAs in cells lacking versus possessing the stopwatch. Two classes of knockouts emerged: one (27/60 top hits) that prolonged mitosis, and another (33/60 top hits) that mildly elevated p53 without significant mitotic defects, indicating that the stopwatch synergizes with mild p53 activation to halt proliferation. Mild p53 elevation lowered the stopwatch complex threshold for daughter cell arrest and slightly prolonged mitosis. Integrated over successive divisions, the cumulative effect of multiple short mitotic extensions triggered stopwatch-dependent arrest. Thus, the mitotic stopwatch endows the p53 network with a durable lineage memory of modest stress, explaining its tumor-suppressive role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mierzwa, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meitinger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitotic stopwatch synergizes with mild p53 activation to halt cell proliferation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Basal Ganglia Cell-Type and Cellular Community Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We generated a multi-region, subcellular-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of the human basal ganglia by integrating MERFISH+ and Stereo-seq across four neurotypical donors. These datasets profiled [~]7 million cells spanning the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus, resolving 60 transcriptionally distinct cell types. We show region-selective, molecular and spatial diversification of medium-spiny-neuron cell types and multiple non-neuronal populations with distinct molecular identities and spatial localizations. Subcellular RNA localization captures somatic size and projection-inferred signatures that reflect direct and indirect pathway topology. Cellular community analyses reveal the enrichment of sub-clusters of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes at striosome-matrix borders, while primate-expanded interneurons are confined to matrix territories. Cross-species mapping uncovers orthologous striosome-matrix organization and conserved dorsolateral-ventromedial gene expression gradients. This atlas provides a foundational molecular and spatial framework for studying human basal ganglia architecture, offering a multi-centimeter scale resource that links cell types, spatial architecture, and subcellular transcript topography across multiple nuclei.

HighlightsO_LIOur multi-centimeter scale spatial taxonomy identifies the precise locations of 60 neuronal and glial cell types of human basal ganglia.
C_LIO_LIMERFISH+ and Stereo-seq platforms map consistent spatial modules that align with classical neuroanatomical nuclei.
C_LIO_LID1D2 hybrid MSNs and primate-expanded interneurons show regional and domain specific organization
C_LIO_LISubcellular RNA localization reports soma morphology and projection-inferred signatures.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berackey, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esser, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira Mendieta, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamdani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale Spatial Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Basal Ganglia Cell-Type and Cellular Community Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread remodeling of the RNA editome underlies transcriptional and clinical heterogeneity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant RNA editing by adenosine deaminases is increasingly recognized as a source of transcriptional diversity in adult cancer, yet its role in pediatric leukemia remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically profiled RNA editing events from bulk RNA-seq data of 1,025 pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples, 37 matched B-ALL diagnosis/relapse pairs, and 6 age-matched non-leukemic controls. We uncovered a widespread global increase in A-to-I editing in T-ALL, affecting both non-coding Alu elements and coding sequences. By contrast, B-ALL shows relatively modest increases in RNA editing at both diagnosis and relapse with no differences in ADAR1 levels. ADAR1 expression is strongly associated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors and interferon signaling in T-ALL. Genelevel analyses highlight recurrent editing of oncogenic drivers and regulators of immune signaling, chromatin remodeling, and RNA processing. Unexpectedly, increased editing levels in select genes (CD247, PRKCA and TRAF3IP2.ASI in T-ALL; SPPL3 in B-ALL) were significantly associated with better patient survival, suggesting a potential prognostic role for editing dysregulation at individual gene levels. Together, these results deepen our understanding of the pediatric ALL transcriptome landscape and provided novel candidate regulators and therapeutic targets for future mechanistic and translational investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread remodeling of the RNA editome underlies transcriptional and clinical heterogeneity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetric mitochondrial trafficking maintains network morphology by balancing perinuclear biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In functionally polarized cells, mitochondria can form distinct subpopulations, positioned at sites of varying metabolic and energetic demands. Thus far, the potential presence of such subpopulations and implications of their intracellular trafficking in immobile and proliferative cells remains largely undescribed, despite such cells serving as key models. Here, we use substrate micropatterning to create reproducible morphologies of cultured immortalized cells, enabling us to define mitochondrial subpopulations and follow their trafficking by photoactivation. We discovered that mitochondrial material is dispersed asymmetrically throughout the cell via biased anterograde transport from the perinuclear area. Combining quantitative analysis and in silico modeling, we characterize the causes and consequences of unbalanced mitochondrial trafficking. Our findings indicate that this bias is required to distribute new material resulting from perinuclear mitochondrial biosynthesis to sustain mitochondrial mass distribution across the cell, and to maintain normal network connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Winter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landoni, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Nejma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durmus, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleele, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koslover, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.692722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetric mitochondrial trafficking maintains network morphology by balancing perinuclear biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of Perinatal Ampicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Exposure on Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Infant Responses to the 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging studies suggest that antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiome and alter vaccine-induced immune responses, but the specific consequences of early-life exposure on neonatal immune development remains poorly understood. Here, we examined how two antibiotics frequently used in perinatal care, broad-spectrum ampicillin (AMP) and the extended-spectrum combination amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMOX/CLAV), administered during gestation and lactation, influence neonatal gut microbiome composition, fecal metabolome profiles, and responses to the 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20). Maternal treatment with AMOX/CLAV, but not AMP, significantly reduced PCV-specific IgG titers at 4-and 6-weeks post-prime immunization compared to untreated controls. Exclusive exposure to AMOX/CLAV also impaired neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytic killing, indicating diminished antibody functionality. These effects were transient, with immune parameters normalizing by week 8 post-prime immunization. Metabolomic and microbiome profiling revealed that maternal AMP and AMOX/CLAV differentially perturbed specific metabolite classes including bile acids, N-acyl lipids, and indole-derivatives, as well as key commensal taxa including Bacteroidales and Coriobacteriales within the gut microbiota. Together, these findings reveal a previously underappreciated maternal-offspring route of antibiotic influence that transiently disrupts neonatal vaccine responsiveness through microbiome and metabolome alterations. These results highlight maternal antibiotic exposure as a modifiable factor shaping early-life immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suzuki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kousha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nonoguchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Askarian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.692990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of Perinatal Ampicillin or Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Exposure on Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiome, Metabolome, and Infant Responses to the 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.06.692767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigation of CNS damage following HIV infection and methamphetamine exposure using human iPSC-derived microglia and 3D cerebral assembloid models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.06.692767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by glial activation and neuroinflammation emerging from HIV infection. Moreover, methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant whose use is linked to high HIV prevalence, significantly worsening clinical outcomes for people living with HIV and hastening onset of systemic illness. Overall, pathologies associated with HIV infection/METH use comorbidity include neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, synaptodendritic damage, and resulting cognitive dysfunction. However, mechanisms underlying this neuropathogenesis remain elusive due to the scarcity of human brain-specific experimental model systems. Therefore, we created a next-generation three-dimensional (3D) human brain model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Specifically, this 3D in vitro cerebral assembloid model integrates functional microglia derived from hiPSCs with cerebral organoids. Microglia are key contributors to HAND symptoms associated with HIV/METH comorbidity. We show that the presence of microglia in this assembloid model allows productive infection with HIV, which is enhanced by METH exposure, resulting in increased glial activation, inflammatory responses (namely IL-1{beta} and IL-6 release), and neurotoxicity marked by neuronal cell death and synaptic protein loss. Importantly, in this model, we observed markedly decreased levels of the microglial receptor TREM2, which is implicated in microglial functions including phagocytosis, apoptosis and inflammatory responses following HIV infection and METH treatment. Analysis of our model showed that decreased TREM2 function may lead to HIV- and METH-associated pathological changes. Overall, our assembloid model could be a valuable tool for future analyses of HIV/METH/CNS interactions and mechanisms underlying HAND, which could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to decreasing the CNS viral reservoir.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baidwan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trescott, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakhmola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coufal, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.06.692767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigation of CNS damage following HIV infection and methamphetamine exposure using human iPSC-derived microglia and 3D cerebral assembloid models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.06.692784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Windows to the goal: Pupillary working memory signatures prospectively adapt to task demands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.06.692784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pupillary light response was once considered a brainstem reflex, but newer findings indicate that pupil dilation can also reflect content held  in mind with working memory (WM). This suggests that WM may recruit even the earliest sensorimotor apparatus for maintenance. Here, we tested two boundaries of this pupillary WM response: whether it generalizes beyond low-level stimuli and whether it adapts to changing behavioral goals. Namely, we tested whether the pupils reflect remembered brightness for real-world scene images, and whether the effect varies when different features dimensions are emphasized for the memory test (i.e., visual detail vs. semantic category). We found a feature-specific pupillary WM effect for remembering natural scenes, but only when the task encouraged a visual maintenance strategy. Rather than a retrospective echo of sensory-evoked stimulus features, the pupillary WM response prospectively adapts to how the memory content will be used.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Y.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyonaga, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.06.692784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Windows to the goal: Pupillary working memory signatures prospectively adapt to task demands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domestic goats can follow the direction of human voices to solve a hidden-object task 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.692563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The capacity for animals to produce and comprehend vocalisations that provide referential acoustic cues to their eliciting cause (e.g. predator-specific alarm calls and food calls) is a highly adaptive means of maximising the benefits of group living, and has been widely studied in diverse species. However, an underexplored dimension of referentiality is the ability to process the direction in which a vocalisation is emitted as a cue towards its referent. Here, we replicated an experimental design previously applied to dogs, chimpanzees and human infants to investigate whether domestic goats (Capra hircus) can use human voices as a directional cue in a hidden-object task. Twenty-nine goats from a UK sanctuary participated in three experimental conditions. In each condition, goats were individually presented with a human experimenter obscured by a barrier, and two identical containers, one of which was baited with food. In the  reward directed speech condition, the experimenter vocalised excitedly towards the baited container while sitting closer to the un-baited container, and then the goat was able to select which container to explore. While substantial inter-individual variation existed, on average, subjects chose the baited container at above chance level across the four trials. Two control conditions explored alternative explanations for this result: a "no speech" condition, in which the experimenter was silent but remained in the same location as in the test condition, and a "non-reward directed speech" condition, in which the experimenter directed their voice away from both containers. Subjects showed no evidence of choosing the baited container at above chance level in either of these control conditions. We conclude that goats, like dogs, but not chimpanzees, are capable of attending to the directional cues provided by human voices, and discuss the possible role of domestication in the taxonomic distribution of this ability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Watson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawroth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElligott, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.692563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domestic goats can follow the direction of human voices to solve a hidden-object task]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of artificial intelligence and high-content screening enabled identification of drugs for long-term treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAdults and children with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are at risk of experiencing lifelong complications such as hemorrhagic strokes, neurological deficits, and epileptic seizures. These complications can severely reduce quality of life. At present, there is no safe or effective therapeutic option for the long-term treatment of CCMs.

MethodsUsing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models, powered by the Benevolent Platform, we aimed to identify therapeutic drug targets for CCM pathology (e.g., CCM1, CCM2, CCM3). An AI integrative approach utilized various data types from biomedical entities, including diseases, genes, tissues, and biological mechanisms, together with CCM transcriptomic experimental data. High-throughput drug screening of AI-selected FDA-approved medications, analyses of mitochondrial morphology, and studies on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology were conducted in CCM animal models to identify drugs that could potentially be repurposed for the long-term treatment of CCM disease.

ResultsAI predicted the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathways as potential therapeutic targets that contribute to CCM pathology. High-content screening validation revealed that the FDA-approved drug metformin, which acts as an AMPK agonist and mTOR inhibitor, can reverse changes in cell-cell junction organization and increase KLF4 expression, a marker for CCM, in human CCM endothelial cells in cultured assays. In addition, pharmacodynamic markers of metformin were observed in CCM mouse models (Slco1c1-iCreERT2;Krit1fl/fl;Ptenfl/wt and Slco1c1-iCreERT2;Pdcd10fl/fl) including reduced S6 kinase or ribosomal protein phosphorylation, a marker of decrease mTOR signaling, and increased AMPK phosphorylation, a marker of AMPK activation, that corresponded to reduced lesion burden. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies in CCM animal models showed that that metformin penetrates the brain and long-term administration has a favorable safety profile. We also demonstrated that brain endothelial cells in chronic CCM mouse models exhibit increased levels of the inflammatory marker VCAM-1, which is associated with altered mitochondrial phenotypes, as observed by immunofluorescence, MITO-tagging, and electron microscopy analysis. Additionally, we discovered that metformin and a potent AMPK activator, PF-06409577, can reverse mitochondrial phenotypic changes in brain endothelial cells and reduce the elevation of VCAM-1 expression associated with chronic CCM disease. Therefore, metformin can provide cytoprotection and may reverse the CCM endothelial phenotype by activating AMPK.

ConclusionsPredictions using AI technology and high-throughput drug screening, combined with pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological studies in CCM animal models, identified metformin as a promising drug candidate for repurposing for the long-term treatment of CCM disease. We propose that metformin enhances metabolic adaptation to brain vascular malformations by activating AMPK, which helps reverse mitochondrial fragmentation in brain endothelial cells.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=140 SRC="FIGDIR/small/693036v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frias-Anaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallego-Gutierrez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birrueta, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinberg, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niesman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gongol, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawhney, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizushima, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilpatrick, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awad, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momper, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taddei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Ramirez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of artificial intelligence and high-content screening enabled identification of drugs for long-term treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Y-linked editors for invasive rodent control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.08.693037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Invasive rodents are major contributors to biodiversity loss, particularly on islands where native species have evolved in their absence, rendering them vulnerable to predation. Genetic biocontrol offers a promising suite of species-specific technologies that may contribute to rodent suppression and elimination. Here, we evaluate the potential of Y-linked genome editors (YLEs), which contain a nuclease that disrupts a female-essential fertility or viability gene, to suppress or eliminate a mouse population on a small, isolated island. We benchmark YLEs against other self-limiting genetic biocontrol tools, such as sterile male releases, and self-sustaining tools, such as population suppression gene drives and Y-linked X chromosome-shredders. We use the MouseGD simulation framework to model the inheritance patterns of these systems in the context of rodent life history, calculating elimination probabilities, times to elimination and other outcomes for a range of construct designs, fitness costs and release schemes. We find that YLEs are more efficient than other self-limiting tools, and are capable of achieving rodent elimination within a short timeframe for modest release sizes. For a mouse population size of 10,000, elimination is predicted within five years for releases of 350 males per month, and within ten years for releases of 150 males per month. This scale of production is well within existing capabilities, potentially enabling suppression to encompass a larger spatial scale. We found that elimination could be achieved for YLEs targeting both haploinsufficient and haplosufficient target genes; but for a more restrictive parameter space for the haplosufficient case. Gene drives were predicted to achieve suppression and elimination for smaller release sizes; but also to spread to non-target populations. In contrast, YLEs do not bias inheritance and hence display minimal spillover. Altogether, these characteristics present YLEs as a promising, ecologically-manageable biocontrol tool for elimination of invasive rodents and conservation of native species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Verma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.08.693037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Y-linked editors for invasive rodent control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sparse, random sampling is sufficient for central tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Negative selection in the thymus limits autoimmunity by eliminating T cells that react strongly to self. Individual T cells, however, are only exposed to a small fraction of all self peptides during their "training" in the thymus, and it is puzzling how tolerance can be generalized to the remaining "test" self peptides across peripheral tissues in the body. Using a machine learning perspective, we show that such generalization is possible because the immune system satisfies two conditions: first that peptide abundance levels in the human thymus and periphery are highly correlated (i.e., training distribution {approx} test distribution), and second that cross-reactivity allows T cells to effectively learn binding information of similar peptides without explicitly interacting with all of them. Together, we show that sparse, random sampling of only 10% of self peptides in the thymus is sufficient to avoid reactivity to 90% of peripheral self, and we support this result with diverse experimental data. We then validate two predictions by our model; the first is that only 200-250 antigen presenting cells need to be seen by a T cell to ensure its robust selection, and the second relates how peptides missing from the thymus can drive auto-immunity of peripheral tissues. Overall, we provide a plausible answer to a long-standing question underlying adaptive immunity, and we highlight how generalization, a fundamental challenge faced by nearly every learning algorithm, is uniquely tackled by the immune system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meyer, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prabakar, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiingsford, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navlakha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.693230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sparse, random sampling is sufficient for central tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Impact of Variant Calling on Substitution Mutational Signature Inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying mutational signatures is a key component of cancer genomics studies, yet the influence of variant calling strategies on signature extraction has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we analyzed over 8,900 whole exomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and over 1,800 whole genomes from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium to assess how mutation callers shape de novo single-base substitution (SBS) signatures. We found that consensus calling yielded stable de novo signatures across reference genomes and pipeline versions, whereas individual callers introduced false-positive SBSs that manifested as artifactual signatures that were reproducibly detected by three independent signatures extraction tools. A minimal consensus approach requiring agreement between only two variant calling algorithms effectively removed these artifacts while preserving true biological signal. Together, these results establish consensus variant calling as essential for robust inference of de novo SBS mutational signatures and provide practical guidelines for distinguishing genuine mutational processes from technical artifacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Au, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazachkova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangara, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.693327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Impact of Variant Calling on Substitution Mutational Signature Inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread Epistasis between Cancer Driver Mutations and Allele-Specific Copy Number Variations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer driver mutations alone are often insufficient to fully explain tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that these mutations cooperate with somatic copy number variations (CNVs) in a tissue-specific pattern of genomic epistasis. Analyzing 93,462 tumors, we identified 54 gene-cancer type pairs with significant co-occurrence of somatic mutations and CNVs. Our new Binoculars algorithm, which resolved phased DNA/RNA reads, revealed frequent preferential amplification in oncogenic mutation alleles, including AKT1 p.E17K, BRAF p.V600E, KRAS p.G12C/D/V, NRAS p.Q61K, and a fraction of gain-of-function TP53 p.R175H. Conversely, deletions selectively targeted the reference alleles, leading to loss of heterozygosity of IDH1 p.R132H and tumor suppressor mutations, including CDKN2A and TP53 truncations. Lung cancer patients carrying co-occurrences of somatic mutation-CNVs in TP53 and KRAS showed poorer survival than those carrying the same gene mutations. These findings reveal epistasis of cancer mutations and CNVs at an allelic resolution, suggesting specific genomic events to enhance patient stratification and therapeutic targeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Merzliakov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bihie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols-Evans, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread Epistasis between Cancer Driver Mutations and Allele-Specific Copy Number Variations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional Activation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha and Estrogen Receptor-beta from Elephant Shark (Callorhynchus milii) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.11.693795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans and other vertebrates contain two estrogen receptors (ERs), ER and ER{beta}. Among cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, skates), which are chondrichthyans that evolved about 425 million years ago, only activation by steroids of ER{beta} orthologs has been characterized. To remedy this gap in understanding estrogen signaling in chondrichthyans, we studied estrogen activation of orthologs of human ER and ER{beta} from elephant shark (Callorhynchus milii). Unexpectedly, we found that C. milii contained three estrogen-responsive ER genes: ER1 (596 amino acids), ER2 (600 amino acids), and ER3 (599 amino acids) with strong sequence similarity to each other. We also found an estrogen-unresponsive gene, ER4 (561 amino acids), with a 39 amino acid deletion in the DNA-binding domain. An estrogen-responsive ER{beta} ortholog (580 amino acids) also was present in C. milii. The three active C. milii ERs are of similar length to human ER (595 amino acids); however, C. milii ER{beta} is longer than human ER{beta} (530 amino acids). We studied transcriptional activation of ER and ER{beta} by estradiol (E2), the main reproductive estrogen in humans. We also studied estrone (E1), the main postmenopausal estrogen, and estriol (E3), which is synthesized during pregnancy. We determined the half-maximal response (EC50) and fold-activation to E2, E1, and E3 of C. milii ER1, ER2, ER3, and ER{beta}. Among these estrogens, E2 had the lowest EC50 for all four ERs. Fold-activation by E2 and E3 was similar for ER1, ER2, ER3, and ER{beta}. Overall, estrogen activation of C. milii ER and ER{beta} was similar to that for human ER and ER{beta}, indicating substantial conservation of the vertebrate ER during the 425 million years since the divergence of cartilaginous fish and humans from a common ancestor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narita, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takagi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyodo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.11.693795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional Activation of Estrogen Receptor-alpha and Estrogen Receptor-beta from Elephant Shark (Callorhynchus milii)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.693814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mammalian Cells Integrate Endoplasmic Reticulum and Nuclear Envelope signals to time mitotic entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.693814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate cell division requires coordination between organelle organization and cell-cycle progression, but how architectural and functional cues from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope (NE)--a continuous membrane network--interface with mitotic control remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mammalian cells integrate ER/NE structure and functions to regulate the onset and progression of mitosis. Perturbing ER function with diverse stressors causes a selective delay at the metaphase-anaphase transition, accompanied by defective spindle assembly, chromosome misalignment, and loss of coordinated ER-chromosome organization. Under these conditions, the checkpoint protein MAD1 fails to efficiently dissociate from the NE. ER stress also disrupts microtubule-organizing centers and the centriculum, an ER-derived compartment surrounding centrosomes. Restoring ER structure by expressing the shaping proteins CLIMP63(1-192) or REEP4 rescues spindle organization and mitotic progression. Conversely, transient metaphase arrest induced by partial APC/C inhibition remodels ER morphology independently of stress, and this remodeling is reversed by CLIMP63(1-192). These findings uncover a bidirectional link between ER structure function and the spindle assembly checkpoint, identifying the organelle architecture as an instructive signal that modulates mitotic timing in mammalian cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shiozaki, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codallos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saik, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lara-Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiau, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niwa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.693814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mammalian Cells Integrate Endoplasmic Reticulum and Nuclear Envelope signals to time mitotic entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.693972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Dynamics and Allosteric Communication of a SARS-Like Bat Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.693972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-like bat coronaviruses (CoVs) pose ongoing public health risks due to their zoonotic potential, making it important to understand the molecular pathways driving their evolution. We recently showed that SHC014-CoV can infect human cell lines in an ACE2-dependent manner after acquiring two spike ectodomain mutations (F294L and A835D). However, how the wild-type (WT) SHC014 spike differs dynamically from these mutants remains unclear. Here, we built fully glycosylated ectodomain models of WT and three mutants (F294L, A835D, and the double mutant, DM) and performed triplicate 1-s all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for each variant. The two mutations exhibit epistasis, altering structural rearrangements relative to WT. Notably, the DM receptor binding domain (RBD) begins sampling the open conformation in our conventional MD. At the atomic level, the DM spike mitigates the dense negative packing introduced by A835D through a salt-bridge network, while F294L disrupts {pi}-mediated interactions, together enhancing RBD opening propensity--critical for viral entry. Increased flexibility of the subdomain-2 "620-loop" further modulates DM RBD openness. Dynamical network analysis identified three allosteric communication pathways. In WT and F294L, "Pathway 1" forms the baseline route linking the 620-loop to the RBD, whereas in A835D and DM it extends to the FPPR, reshaping long-range communication. "Pathway 2" is conserved across variants but is most prominent in WT and F294L. "Pathway 3" appears only in A835D and DM, compensating for reduced communication along Pathway 2. Overall, this work provides an atomistic perspective on SHC014 molecular adaptation during host-to-host transmission and highlights mechanistic features that may inform future therapeutic and pandemic-preparedness efforts.

Statement of SignificanceBat coronaviruses are an important source of future pandemic threats, but we still know little about how small genetic changes help them infect humans. In this study, we used detailed computer simulations to watch how tiny mutations in a bat coronavirus spike protein change its motion and shape. We found that two specific mutations work together to make the spike more likely to open--a step required for the virus to enter human cells. By revealing how these molecular changes increase infection potential, our work helps improve understanding of coronavirus evolution and may guide strategies to prepare for future outbreaks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balogun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearns, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvo-Tusell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acreman, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casalino, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLellan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaro, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.693972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Dynamics and Allosteric Communication of a SARS-Like Bat Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteostasis Remodeling Across Development Defines Fetal, Neonatal, and Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell States 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) must preserve protein homeostasis (proteostasis) despite dramatic changes in proliferative and biosynthetic demands during development, yet how proteostasis is regulated across these transitions is poorly understood. Here, we show that fetal and neonatal HSCs operate through distinct, stage-specific proteostasis programs that differ fundamentally from those in adulthood. Using quantitative in vivo assays spanning embryonic through adult stages, we uncover an unanticipated decoupling between protein synthesis and protein quality control during development, revealing that fetal and neonatal HSCs employ specialized mechanisms to safeguard proteome integrity under developmental stress. Developing HSCs experience a distinctive proteostasis landscape characterized by elevated protein synthesis, increased unfolded protein burden, and selective engagement of stress-buffering and protein degradation pathways that are largely dispensable in young adult HSCs. Disruption of these pathways compromises early life HSC function and long-term fitness, establishing proteostasis control as a key regulator of stem cell maturation. These findings define previously unrecognized mechanisms by which HSCs manage the proteome during early life and reveal fundamental principles governing stem cell proteostasis across ontogeny.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunshine, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signer, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.694052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteostasis Remodeling Across Development Defines Fetal, Neonatal, and Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell States]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enterocloster citroniae and related gut microbiome species modulate Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation through the production of bioactive small molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholera is a diarrheal disease that affects millions of people globally. Although the causative agent, Vibrio cholerae, has been extensively studied in isolation, investigation of its interactions with the gut microbiota started relatively recently. We and others previously showed that microbiota-derived metabolites significantly influence V. cholerae behavior. By investigating how an organic extract of human feces affects V. cholerae gene expression, we showed that gut metabolites strongly suppress swimming motility, a trait important for host colonization. Interestingly, extracts of pure cultures of a gut commensal, Enterocloster citroniae, recapitulated this inhibition. Here, we present a comprehensive examination of the effect of small molecules produced by E. citroniae and related species on V. cholerae behavior. We show that E. citroniae small molecules inhibit motility by various V. cholerae strains, and that several phylogenetically related species produce this activity, although the magnitude of the effect varies between strains. Using biofilm formation assays in static and flow conditions, we show that V. cholerae strongly induces biofilm formation in response to E. citroniae metabolites. Transcriptome and reporter analyses showed that several genes involved in synthesis of an extracellular polysaccharide are induced by E. citroniae metabolites. Lastly, we show that V. cholerae interactions with host cells are also modulated by this commensal. These findings advance our understanding of microbiome-pathogen interactions and how commensal bacteria influence V. cholerae virulence through the production of small molecules. In the future, this knowledge may be used to design novel microbiome-based therapeutic approaches to combat cholera and other infections.

ImportanceThe human gut is home to a dense and rich community of microbes termed microbiota. This community has critical functions for host health, including protection against enteric pathogens. Despite this important role, we have only recently scratched the surface of the interactions that occur between members of the microbiota and pathogenic invaders. Cholerae is a disease that still causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studying how the causative agent, Vibrio cholerae, interacts with the microbiota will have implications not only for our understanding of this important microbial community, but may also lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies against cholera and potentially other infectious diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pauer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirby, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabapathy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udensi, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feofanova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parente, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen-Vercoe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enterocloster citroniae and related gut microbiome species modulate Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation through the production of bioactive small molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.16.694731v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RPE pseudopods maintain photoreceptor outer segment renewal despite subretinal space expansion in Adam9 knockout mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.16.694731v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vision begins in the outer segment compartment of photoreceptor cells, which is constantly renewed through the addition of membrane material at its base and ingestion of mature membranes at its tip by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The close apposition of outer segments to the RPE is believed to be critical for maintaining this renewal process. Yet, in several retinal diseases, expansion of the subretinal space separating photoreceptors from the RPE does not immediately impact photoreceptor functionality. Here, we analyzed outer segment function and renewal in the Adam9 knockout mouse characterized by a major expansion of the subretinal space. Surprisingly, photoreceptor-RPE separation affected neither the sensitivity of photoreceptor light-responses nor the normal rate of outer segment renewal in this mouse prior to the onset of photoreceptor degeneration. The latter is achieved through the formation of elongated RPE "pseudopods" extending across the enlarged subretinal space to ingest outer segment tips. This work suggests that pseudopod formation may underlie the persistence of photoreceptor function in human diseases accompanied by photoreceptor-RPE separation, such as vitelliform macular dystrophy or age-related macular degeneration associated with subretinal drusenoid deposits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shores, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayase, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellisman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseev, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshavsky, V. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.16.694731</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RPE pseudopods maintain photoreceptor outer segment renewal despite subretinal space expansion in Adam9 knockout mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.17.694979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tunable multivalent Fe(II)-based glycoassemblies as mimetics for native high-mannose glycans. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.17.694979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High Mannose Glycans (HMGs) play key roles in eukaryotic biology, regulating processes ranging from protein folding to host pathogen defense. Lectins have evolved to interact with these glycans through multivalent interactions facilitated by the multiple sugars displayed on glycans and via multiple binding sites on each lectin. Using Fe(II) iminopyridine complexes, we generated chemically defined multivalent glycan displays where the valency, arm length, and spatial display of mannose residues can be controlled via subcomponent synthesis. Due to its sensitivity towards the geometric display of mannose residues, monomeric Griffithsin (mGRFT) was utilized as a model lectin. Interactions between the Fe(II) glycan assemblies and mGRFT were characterized using biolayer interferometry (BLI), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and NMR spectroscopy. Our results display a >1000-fold range in KD for Fe(II) iminopyridine complexes that can be tuned by factors such as saccharide tether length and number of sugars displayed. Through leveraging systematic molecular-level modifications, we demonstrate that tunable Fe(II) glycan assemblies can be used both as mimetics for high mannose glycans as well as competitive inhibitors for native glycan binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priest, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stauber, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guseman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.17.694979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tunable multivalent Fe(II)-based glycoassemblies as mimetics for native high-mannose glycans.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.694444v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-cell cryo-electron tomography reveals differential effects of type I and type II kinase inhibitors on LRRK2 filament formation and microtubule association 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.694444v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a leading contributor to developing familial and idiopathic Parkinsons disease (PD). Most PD-causing LRRK2 mutations increase the kinase activity, leading to increased phosphorylation of Rab GTPases, disrupting vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and autophagy. Under homeostatic conditions, the bulk of WT and PD-mutant LRRK2 is found in the cytosol. However, exogenously expressed LRRK2 can form microtubule-associated filaments that have been shown to affect molecular transport along microtubules in vitro. While the physiological relevance of microtubule binding has not been established yet, inhibitors being designed and tested as therapeutics have been shown to either promote or prevent filament formation of LRRK2. In this study, we examine the localization and resulting molecular organization of hyperactive LRRK2-I2020T, a common PD mutant, in cells treated with type I (MLi-2) or type II (GZD-824) kinase inhibitors. Treatment with a type I kinase inhibitor results in extensive LRRK2-I2020T decoration around microtubules and microtubule bundling. Stabilization of LRRK2-I2020T filaments by type I inhibitor treatment allowed us to build a full-length closed-kinase model of LRRK2-I2020T in its cellular environment. Conversely, treatment with a type II inhibitor resulted in minimal microtubule decoration by LRRK2-I2020T compared to Type I inhibitor treated cells. This study provides a structural framework for understanding how type I and type II kinase inhibitors differentially modulate LRRK2 filament formation, demonstrating that type I inhibitor treatment promotes a distinct filament architecture, whereas such assemblies are not observed with type II inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basiashvili, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karasmanis, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flaherty, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschziner, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.694444</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-cell cryo-electron tomography reveals differential effects of type I and type II kinase inhibitors on LRRK2 filament formation and microtubule association]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collagen remodeling promotes a GPCR-mediated mechanosensory immune checkpoint in ADGRG1+ CD8+ T cells and serves as a spatial biomarker of response to immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accessibility of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) in many solid tumors can be influenced by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, organization, and remodeling within tumor stroma. Specifically, lysyl hydroxylase-2 (LH2)-catalyzed lysine hydroxylation in type-I collagen telopeptides leads to formation of intermolecular collagen cross-links creating a stiffened and proteolytically resistant, stable ECM. Advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) frequently exhibit desmoplasia with elevated LH2 expression, and Immune-checkpoint (ICI) therapy is effective in only <20% patients, suggesting that ECM remodeling mechanistically governs the composition and function of TME infiltrates. We show that elevated LH2 and collagen alignment promotes stromal accumulation of CD8 T-cells, and poor response to ICI in HPV-HNSCCs. Integration of clinical biopsies, transcriptomic datasets, and an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model revealed that aligned collagen spatially restricts adhesion G protein-coupled receptor positive (ADGRG1) CD8 T-cells to activate a non-canonical GPCR-mediated mechanosensory program that drives dysfunction and exhaustion.

Statement of significanceDesmoplasia is common in solid tumors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors benefit only some patients. Current biomarkers like PD-L1 and TMB have limited value. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized collagen-ADGRG1 mechanosensory immune checkpoint, offering a clinically tractable, spatially resolved biomarker to better stratify patients for immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powers, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marzban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nozaki, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karanam, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torrez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharambe, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faraji, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordignon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giliberti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slebos, R. J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantenbee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cassano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guevara-Patino, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, A. R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamauchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>West, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amelio, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collagen remodeling promotes a GPCR-mediated mechanosensory immune checkpoint in ADGRG1+ CD8+ T cells and serves as a spatial biomarker of response to immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695732v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging-induced hepatocyte CD44 drives IL6/STAT3 signaling and associates with impaired neighboring T cell function. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695732v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liver cancer incidences increase dramatically beyond 55 years of age, suggesting that age-associated changes contribute critically to tumor initiation. However, the mechanisms linking liver aging and cancer initiation are not well defined. This study investigates the role of CD44, a marker of liver tumor-initiating cells (TIC), in age-associated liver pathophysiology. Aged livers showed accumulation of CD44-expressing hepatocytes exhibiting enrichment of immune modulatory genes and activation of the immunosuppressive IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. Indeed, in adoptive transfer assays, antigen-exposed CD8+ T cells mounted a lower IFN-{gamma} response in aged livers than in young livers, indicating an immunosuppressive aged milieu. Concordantly, spatial analyses showed that the proximal neighbourhoods of Cd44-expressing hepatocytes are enriched in T cells exhibiting reduced cytokine and chemokine gene expression. Finally, hepatocyte-specific knock out of Cd44 mitigated the IL6/JAK/STAT3 gene signature in aged livers. Overall, these findings suggest that CD44 expression in aged hepatocytes promotes activation of the immunosuppressive IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and this is associated with impaired T cell effector function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gandhi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lande, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffman, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaPorte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evensen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portillo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teneche, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proulx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havas, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miciano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.20.695732</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging-induced hepatocyte CD44 drives IL6/STAT3 signaling and associates with impaired neighboring T cell function.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatable In Vivo Gene Expression via Adaptamers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise, reversible control of transgene expression is essential for safe and durable gene therapy, yet current inducible systems remain difficult to translate in vivo due to large size, limited induction duration, and dependence on immunogenic regulators. Here we present the adaptamer (ADAR modulatable aptamer), a compact (<120 bp) RNA switch that couples an FDA-approved small-molecule-responsive aptamer with endogenous ADAR-mediated RNA editing to regulate expression. Ligand binding stabilizes a double-stranded RNA structure that recruits ADAR to convert a stop codon into a sense codon, restoring downstream protein translation. This cleavage-free, post-transcriptional mechanism enables precise, small-molecule-dependent modulation without exogenous protein machinery. We demonstrate that adaptamers are highly functional across multiple cell lines, including human T-cells. In mice, AAV-delivered adaptamer-controlled FGF21 expression induced metabolic remodeling, significantly increasing energy expenditure and reversing obesity. This minimal, programmable system offers a clinically compatible approach for tunable genetic medicines and safe deployment of pleiotropic and dose-limited proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bryant, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herron, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doctor, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McRae, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirsch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.21.695777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatable In Vivo Gene Expression via Adaptamers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing the Drivers Underlying Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories in Lung Adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elucidating the evolution of cancers allows us to understand their key events, and the order in which they occur. To chart and interpret these evolutionary trajectories, we leverage whole-genome sequencing of lung tumours, including those from the largest cohort to date of lung cancers in subjects who have never smoked. Through ordering frequent genomic alterations, we discover three distinct evolutionary paths taken by lung adenocarcinomas; two dominated by tumours from people who have never smoked (NS-LUAD), and one followed by the vast majority of those who have smoked (S-LUAD). However, one in six NS-LUAD follow the smoking-dominant trajectory. These tumours, surprisingly, have fewer somatic alterations than the other NS-LUAD, and have shorter latency. They are strongly enriched for KRAS mutations. Our results suggest that gaining KRAS mutations allows these tumours to evolve more rapidly, acquiring a set of smoking-associated key alterations, with less need for genomic instability to progress. These tumours are three times more frequent in subjects of European vs. East Asian ancestry. These findings could shape clinical management strategies for lung adenocarcinoma patients, particularly for tumours driven by smoking-like evolutionary trajectories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Gay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khandekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leduc, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baine, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travis, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sholl, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joubert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, T.-V.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElderry, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miraftab, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, O. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santamaria, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schabath, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yendamuri, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manczuk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lissowska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swiatkowska, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukeria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shangina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaridze, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holcatova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janout, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mates, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ognjanovic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosse, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothberg, B. E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christiani, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaborieau, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing the Drivers Underlying Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories in Lung Adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Closed-loop acoustic stimulation modified by cathodal tDCS is beneficial for retention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigated how combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with closed-loop acoustic stimulation (CLAS) during slow-wave sleep (SWS) affects memory consolidation and sleep-related neural oscillations. Cathodal tDCS was used to slightly reduce cortical excitability, thereby simulating a shifted brain state during CLAS and allowing us to compare the effects of standard CLAS to CLAS delivered under altered cortical conditions (CmodCLAS). Twenty-three participants (mean age 21.3 {+/-} 2.6 years) completed two experimental nights: one with CLAS alone and one with CLAS combined with cathodal tDCS (CmodCLAS). Overnight retention on declarative memory tasks and morning learning performance were assessed. Memory outcomes revealed that CmodCLAS, but not CLAS alone, significantly improved overnight retention on the figural paired-associate task. In the EEG, CmodCLAS shifted the time-locked response to acoustic stimulation toward more negative potential values at the frontal region. CmodCLAS also prolonged slow oscillation (SO) duration at frontal sites while shortening SO duration at occipital sites, an effect not observed during standard CLAS. These findings demonstrate that the baseline level of cortical excitability during sleep modulates both the cognitive and electrophysiological effects of CLAS. They highlight the importance of brain state for non-invasive CLAS during sleep and suggest that CmodCLAS may serve as a useful approach for enhancing prefrontal cortical function during SWS.

Significance statementNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising approach to modulate brain activity and function. Unfortunately, NIBS studies are challenged by heterogenous findings. In addition to protocol differences, variability may depend strongly on the brains baseline activity (or  brain state). Here, we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to simulate a different brain state while applying closed-loop acoustic stimulation (CLAS) during slow-wave sleep (SWS). Sleep has been shown to enhance overnight memory retention. Results demonstrated significantly improved retention performance for cathodal tDCS modulated CLAS (CmodCLAS) as compared to CLAS alone. Furthermore, electrophysiological responses time-locked to the acoustic stimulus and spontaneous electrophysiological rhythms of SWS suggest that hippocampo-cortical function was specifically enhanced by CmodCLAS. Thus, underscoring the potential therapeutic relevance of CmodCLAS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoefer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoesel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moelle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peifer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Closed-loop acoustic stimulation modified by cathodal tDCS is beneficial for retention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolution of collided ribosomes by ZNF598 is required for adipocyte energy dissipation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular adaptation to stress evoked by high energy demand requires tight coordination between transcriptional programs, protein synthesis, and organelle function. In many physiological contexts, metabolic remodeling depends on increased mitochondrial capacity and activity, placing high demands on the translational machinery. Beige and brown adipocytes, which undergo rapid mitochondrial expansion and activation in response to physiological cues, provide a powerful model to study how cells adapt their translational output to meet increased metabolic demand. How translational fidelity is maintained, and stress-associated conflicts in protein synthesis are resolved during such adaptive processes, remains incompletely understood.

Here, we identify ZNF598 as a key factor that resolves translation stress caused by ribosome collisions during metabolic adaptation of adipocytes. We show that diverse physiological stimuli, including hormonal signaling, environmental challenges, and dietary changes, induce ZNF598 and associated enzymes in metabolically active cells. ZNF598 is required for efficient mitochondrial biogenesis and function, supporting adaptive increases in respiration and energy expenditure. Loss of ZNF598 compromises these adaptive responses and leads to metabolic dysfunction, whereas enhancement of ZNF598 activity improves cellular and organismal metabolic flexibility. Together, these findings indicate that distal steps of the translational machinery are a rate-limiting factor for adaptation to increased energy demand.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>KASSOUF, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryder, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Ghoz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucharski, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dollet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dziaczkowski, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snieckute, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malinska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loza-Valdes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sliwinska, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerhart-Hines, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bekker-Jensen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolution of collided ribosomes by ZNF598 is required for adipocyte energy dissipation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neurorecording toolkit for longitudinal assessments of transplanted human cortical organoids in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human cortical organoids (hCOs) are three-dimensional neural cell aggregates that recapitulate certain structural and functional aspects of the developing human cortex. Xenotransplantation of hCOs into the rodent brain enables human-centric modeling of neurodevelopmental processes in a physiologically relevant environment. Here, we present a neurorecording toolkit for longitudinal structural and functional assessment of hCO xenografts as they mature in vivo. Single hCOs were implanted into the retrosplenial cortex of adult immunodeficient mice and monitored for up to 8 months. Optical coherence tomography was used for label-free imaging of xenograft vascularization and structure, enabling quantitative assessments of capillary density and graft volume. To probe neuronal activity, human neurons were labeled with a calcium sensor before implantation using either adeno-associated or lentivirus for sparse or dense neuronal labeling, respectively. Fluorescent imaging was conducted using two-photon, widefield, and swept confocally-aligned planar excitation microscopy for single cell, whole-graft, and volumetric calcium imaging, respectively. Results from these modalities indicate an increase in neuronal activity and synchronicity over time during in vivo graft maturation. Further, we chronically implanted surface graphene microelectrode arrays (gMEAs) and performed recordings of xenograft and host local field potential signals simultaneously with 2P calcium imaging, confirming the spatial localization and human origin of electrical signals recorded at the xenograft surface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herrema, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kharitonova, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogatova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puppo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klorfeld-Auslender, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muotri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzum, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Shea, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeldich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thunemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.20.695690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neurorecording toolkit for longitudinal assessments of transplanted human cortical organoids in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal Neurocognitive Trajectories in a Large Cohort of Youth Who Use Cannabis: Combining Self-Report and Toxicology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adolescents experience extensive neurocognitive development, with cannabis use potentially impacting developmental trajectories. Here, we comprehensively assess the influence of adolescent cannabis use onset on neurocognitive trajectories and consider how recent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) may influence neurocognition. We use the large, diverse longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study dataset, combining self-reported substance use with objective toxicological tests (hair, urine, breath, oral fluid). Longitudinal mixed methods of the full cohort (n=11,036, ages 9-17; 47% Female/53% Male) investigate time-varying cannabis onset on neurocognitive performance. Primary model covariates include sociodemographics, family history of substance use disorder, prenatal substance exposure, early psychopathology, other substance use, and nesting for participant ID, study site, and family ID. Secondarily, in participants with repeat toxicological hair testing (n=645; 38% Female/62% Male) at ages 12-16, we consider the influence of THC v. CBD v.

Controls. Primary models included false discovery rate corrections (FDR-p<.05) while secondary models were interpreted at p<.01. Cannabis group interacted with age to show altered neurocognitive trajectories across domains (immediate recall and delayed memory, processing speed, inhibitory control, visuospatial processing, language, and working memory; {beta}s=-0.11- - 0.52). Secondary models indicated hair-identified THC exposure*age predicted worse episodic memory than in Controls ({beta}=-0.60, p=.007), with no difference between CBD exposed and Controls. Data suggest those who use cannabis show likely pre-existing better cognitive performance during late childhood, with reduced improvement or flattened trajectories over time. These neurocognitive trajectories in youth (ages 9-17) who initiate cannabis use were demonstrated after accounting for within-person change and numerous known confounds and improving accuracy in identifying cannabis use through incorporating toxicological measures. Continued monitoring of this cohort will clarify cannabinoid-cognition relationships into young adulthood, including the impact of timing of cannabis use initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wade, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visontay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szpak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisdahl, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huestis, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mewton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapert, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.20.695698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal Neurocognitive Trajectories in a Large Cohort of Youth Who Use Cannabis: Combining Self-Report and Toxicology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695830v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed Pan Soluble Ligandome Assaying via OASIS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.21.695830v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Screening soluble protein ligands is essential for understanding signaling interactions and enabling drug discovery. Currently, screens require arrayed formats because ligand diffusibility causes non-cell-autonomous effects. To enable multiplexed pooled assaying, we developed Obligate Autocrine Signaling In situ Screening (OASIS). Using lentiviral delivery of genetically barcoded ligands fused to a tethering domain, we anchor proteins to the expressing cells outer membrane, exclusively enforcing autocrine signaling. Validation using IFNA2 and EGF demonstrated uncompromised autocrine signaling with significantly reduced paracrine activity. We leveraged OASIS to perform a pan-ligandome fitness screen of all 770 validated human ligands in KOLF2.1J hiPSCs, identifying potent self-renewal factors, including FGF family ligands, which we experimentally validated in soluble form. Finally, we performed single-cell Perturb-Seq to map the transcriptional remodeling induced by the pan-ligandome library. OASIS provides a generalizable framework to accelerate functional interrogation of the human ligandome and novel peptide binders within live cells and diverse lineages.

SUMMARYWe present Obligate Autocrine Signaling In situ Screening (OASIS), a platform enabling pooled assaying of soluble ligands by tethering genetically barcoded proteins to the surface of their expressing cells, enforcing autocrine signaling. We demonstrate OASIS by assaying all verified human ligands in hiPSCs, measuring fitness and transcriptional impacts. Our results recapitulate canonical interferon and FGF mediated signaling, validating the application of OASIS for rapid interrogation of ligands and engineered binders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doctor, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainaldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.21.695830</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed Pan Soluble Ligandome Assaying via OASIS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balanced polymorphism in a floral transcription factor underlies an ancient rhythm of daily sex alternation in avocado 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.695989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In avocado and certain wild relatives in Lauraceae, pollination occurs via a synchronized rhythm of floral sex timing between two hermaphroditic flowering types. A-type plants present female-phase flowers in the morning and male-phase flowers in the afternoon, while B-types show the complementary pattern, a form of heterodichogamy. We map this dimorphism in avocado to a genomic region overlapping a single strong candidate gene, SDMYB, where a dominant haplotype confers A-type flowering. SDMYB belongs to a subgroup of R2R3 MYB transcription factors established as key regulators of floral maturation in diverse species with links to circadian jasmonate signaling. Haplotypes at this locus form an ancient trans-species polymorphism maintained by negative frequency-dependent balancing selection over 44 million years, and they segregate in at least 26 non-avocado species, including in a genus where this mating system has not been reported. Across several species examined, rhythmic diel SDMYB expression is associated with biphasic floral anthesis, and the dominant allele, which contains nonsynonymous changes in conserved functional domains, exhibits a cis-regulated phase delay, corresponding to the delayed 2nd anthesis of A-types. The coupling of dichogamy with diel flower movements, widespread among magnoliids, is a likely precursor to daily forms of heterodichogamy. Absence of the SDMYB polymorphism in true cinnamon, which exhibits a highly similar mating system, suggests the possibility that heterodichogamy has convergently evolved within Lauraceae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Groh, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>dos Santos, M. F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Dios, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackerman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solares, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Focht, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seymour, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaut, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arpaia, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coop, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balanced polymorphism in a floral transcription factor underlies an ancient rhythm of daily sex alternation in avocado]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogene c-Myc Regulates Upper Respiratory Epithelial Repair for Host Immunity During Acute Influenza Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The upper respiratory epithelium is a specialized barrier that integrates immune surveillance with the biomechanical requirements of the laryngotracheal axis. Despite the clinical prevalence of persistent airway dysfunction following viral infection, the region-specific mechanisms governing laryngotracheal injury and repair remain poorly defined. Using integrated mouse models, imaging, and single-cell transcriptomics, we dissected IAV-induced injury in the upper respiratory tract. We found that infection displays regionally restricted tropism to subglottic and tracheal pseudostratified epithelia, targeting ciliated, secretory, neuroendocrine, and basal cells. Rapid viral clearance was accompanied by acute neutrophil infiltration and the emergence of a previously unrecognized intraepithelial CD8+ natural killer T (NKT)-like effector population. Functional studies revealed that injury-induced Myc expression in KRT5+ basal progenitors is required for mucosal restoration; while basal-specific Myc deletion preserved viral clearance, it attenuated proliferation and impaired the recruitment of CD8+ NKT cells. Together, these findings delineate a coordinated epithelial-immune circuit governing post-viral mucosal restoration, positioning basal cells as specialized epithelial sentinels that orchestrate acute repair and recruit cytotoxic effectors via a MYC-dependent CXCL10-CXCR3 axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foote, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.696065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogene c-Myc Regulates Upper Respiratory Epithelial Repair for Host Immunity During Acute Influenza Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell chiral symmetry breaking under confinement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cells confined by the extracellular matrix can exhibit persistent rotational motion, yet the physical mechanisms underlying this chiral symmetry breaking remain unclear. Here, we address this gap with a cellular phase field model that couples cell deformation, cell polarization governed by stochastic excitable dynamics, and confinement. We identify the confinement strength as a bifurcation parameter determining three regimes: strong confinement prevents rotation through spatial constraints, intermediate confinement induces stochastic transitions between chiral and non-chiral states, and weak confinement allows persistent rotational motion. For the intermediate regime, we develop a semi-Markovian renewal process framework that characterizes the stochastic dynamics through dwell time statistics, transition probabilities and first-passage times. For the weak confinement regime, we reveal that a mechanochemical feedback enables coherent rotations despite internal noise through the reduction of local excitability mediated by mechanical contraction. We formalize this feedback analytically using Kramers escape theory. Experiments on epithelial MCF10A cells in Matrigel validate predictions for the weak confinement regime. Our results establish a theoretical approach for understanding single-cell chiral symmetry breaking under confinement, with implications for controlling single-cell dynamics by tuning extracellular matrix properties.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Echeverria-Alar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narasimhan, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraley, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rappel, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell chiral symmetry breaking under confinement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal Multi-Omic Analysis Uncovers Sex-Biased Molecular Programs Underlying Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Endurance Training 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundExercise training is known to benefit health and reduce disease risk. While skeletal muscle adaptations are fundamental to many of the health benefits of exercise training, the common and sex-specific molecular regulators that mediate these adaptations remain to be fully elucidated.

MethodsTo this end, we leveraged skeletal muscle multi-omics data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), where 6 month-old male and female rats endurance trained for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. Our objective was to identify shared and sex-specific multi-omic molecular responses to endurance training in skeletal muscle, and relate them to phenotypic adaptations.

ResultsWe identified largely sexually-conserved transcriptomic and proteomic pathway enrichments in the gastrocnemius, which correlated with skeletal muscle responses from a published exercise study in humans. We uncovered sex-consistent post-translational modifications, including decreased oxidation of MYH2 and deacetylation of the {beta}-oxidation enzyme HADHA. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed sex-specific remodeling across the acetylome, redox proteome, and phosphoproteome; females decreased mitochondrial protein cysteine oxidation and increased mitochondrial cristae proteins, indicative of enhanced redox buffering and mitochondrial efficiency. Despite decreases in cysteine oxidation of key mitochondrial proteins, females displayed increases in the cysteine oxidation of proteins involved in glucose catabolism relative to males after 8 weeks of training, suggestive of sex-biased subcellular reactive oxygen species generation. Males demonstrated earlier induction of mitochondrial transcripts and predicted activation of mTOR. Although the increase in mitochondrial protein abundance was more modest in males, there was greater oxidation of mitochondrial proteins in response to training compared to females.

ConclusionsThis work shows a large portion of the adaptive response to endurance training in skeletal muscle is shared between females and males, while there are distinct and nuanced sex-specific adaptations that are evident, particularly at the level of post-translational regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Many, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bareja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voos, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, D. T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodyear, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodpaster, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortlund, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burant, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viggars, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohrt, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esser, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huffman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newgard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevener, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.26.696612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal Multi-Omic Analysis Uncovers Sex-Biased Molecular Programs Underlying Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Endurance Training]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal spatial transcriptomics determines repeat expansion, huntingtin aggregation, and selective cortical neuron loss in Huntington Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.26.696622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) is caused by CAG expansion in HTT, yet how somatic repeat instability and huntingtin aggregation relate to selective cell loss in the human brain remains unclear. We have developed a multimodal spatial transcriptomics approach that enables defining transcriptional programs with subcellular resolution, somatic CAG repeat lengths, and six other pathology marks including huntingtin aggregates in every cell of intact brain sections. Imaging 428,173 cells in HD cortex revealed selective vulnerability: L5-6 NP and L6b deep-layer excitatory neurons undergo >50% loss, closely linked to very large (>380{+/-}55) somatic expansions. Intranuclear aggregation was most prevalent at intermediate somatic repeat expansion (220-300 CAGs) and was accompanied by broader transcriptional changes. In contrast, chandelier and somatostatin+ inhibitory interneurons are lost despite only modest repeat expansion or aggregation. These data provide a comprehensive resource and establish a broadly applicable framework for connecting repeat expansion and protein pathology across diverse cell types.

Short Bullet pointsO_LIDevelopment of a novel, multimodal spatial transcriptomics platform enables definition of RNA transcriptomes with subcellular resolution, somatic repeat expansions, and protein accumulation in cells within tissue sections
C_LIO_LIGeneration of two complementary datasets for HD and control cortex: 428,173 cells to quantify comprehensively cell-type vulnerability, and a deeper multimodal dataset in which CAG repeat expansion, huntingtin aggregation, six additional pathological readouts, and expression of 1,128 genes were measured in 185,721 cells, providing a comprehensive resource for the neurodegeneration community.
C_LIO_LIDeep layer excitatory neuron loss (L5-6 NP and L6b) was associated with very large somatic CAG expansions (>380{+/-}55), while selective inhibitory neuron loss (chandelier and somatostatin interneurons) occurred with modest CAG repeat expansion or huntingtin intranuclear aggregation
C_LIO_LIIntranuclear aggregation, not somatic repeat expansion, was more predictive of transcriptional changes, including chromatin remodeling and RNA export factors
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vazquez-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold-Garcia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chillon-Marinas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maimon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNair, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Villegas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Erauskin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cleveland, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.26.696622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal spatial transcriptomics determines repeat expansion, huntingtin aggregation, and selective cortical neuron loss in Huntington Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutrophil-neuronal crosstalk drives arthritis-induced pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often persists despite effective control of inflammation, suggesting distinct mechanisms driving nociception. In both patients and animal models, pain severity does not strongly correlate with the degree of inflammation1,2. Sensory neurons, with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), innervate peripheral tissues, including joints, and transmit pain signals to the central nervous system. Crosstalk between sensory neurons and immune cells occurs at all of these sites. While sensory neurons can be directly activated by immune mediators, it remains unclear whether pain-like behaviour in antibody-induced arthritis models arises independently of immune cell activity, or which immune cell populations and mediators are required to activate pronociceptive mechanisms. Through temporal profiling of the CAIA joint-DRG transcriptomic axis, we identified SEMA4D and OSM signalling as candidate molecular mediators of neutrophil-neuron communication and neuronal sprouting. The joint-DRG atlas also revealed persistent changes in the fibroblast-immune cellular composition of the joint, along with molecular changes in DRG neurons. We showed that mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, as well as sprouting of CGRP+ nociceptive fibers in synovial tissue of mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), require neutrophils but not macrophages. Analysis of publicly available datasets showed that neutrophils from the synovium of RA patients express high levels of SEMA4D and OSM, and corresponding expression of their receptors, PLEXINB1 and OSMR, in human DRG neurons, underscoring the translational relevance of this axis. Both murine and human-derived DRG neurons sprout in response to OSM. Our findings demonstrate that neutrophils produce molecules that act as cues for nociceptor sensitization and structural remodelling. Targeting these molecules could improve the efficacy of RA treatments by reducing pain while simultaneously preventing disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurtovic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vazquez Mora, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dochnal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ur Rasheed, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arvidsson, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bersellini Farinotti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agalave, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wangberg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doring, J. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuliszkiewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponce Gomez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Delgado, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendoza Sanchez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhmudova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz Islas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svensson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krock, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haglund, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez Andrade, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaksh, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lund, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svensson, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.27.696652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutrophil-neuronal crosstalk drives arthritis-induced pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.29.696936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ecology of carbon sequestration in coastal upwelling ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.29.696936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biological carbon pump (BCP) transports carbon fixed by phytoplankton into the deep ocean via multiple pathways and leads to net carbon dioxide sequestration. The BCP is very active in highly productive eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs), however, the extent to which climate change will impact this key ecosystem service remains uncertain. While this review and synthesis focuses on results from the California Current Ecosystem (the most extensively studied EBUS), similarities and differences are also noted with the Benguela, Canary, and Humboldt ecosystems. We focus on vertical carbon export mediated by sinking particles (responsible for >half of the BCP in EBUSs), as well as subduction of organic matter and vertically migrating zooplankton and fish. We suggest that a plug-flow-reactor conceptual model can be used to link BCP results with physical circulation changes within EBUSs to predict whether climate change will lead to increased or decreased biologically mediated CO2 uptake.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aluwihare, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianchi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrer, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.29.696936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ecology of carbon sequestration in coastal upwelling ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.696949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Template-based RNA structure prediction advanced through a blind code competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.696949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Automatically predicting RNA 3D structure from sequence remains an unsolved challenge in biology and biotechnology. Here, we describe a Kaggle code competition engaging over 1700 teams and 43 previously unreleased structures to tackle this challenge. The top three submitted algorithms achieved scores within statistical error of the winners of the recent CASP16 competition. Unexpectedly, the top Kaggle strategy involved a pipeline for discovering 3D templates, without the use of deep learning. We integrated this template-modeling pipeline and other Kaggle strategies to develop a single model RNAPro that retrospectively outperformed individual Kaggle models on the same test set. These results suggest a growing importance of template-based modeling in RNA structure prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heng, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowerko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sampathkumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enrique Gomez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshizawa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuraishi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paullier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, T.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gezelle, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadhav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koirala, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretsch, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewicka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccirilli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudolfs, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steckelberg, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toor, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hummer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kryshtafovyc</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.30.696949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Template-based RNA structure prediction advanced through a blind code competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.696977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycomimetic Lysosome-targeting Chimeras (GLYTACs) for Degradation of Growth Factors and Growth Factor Receptors in Cancer Cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.696977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cancers depend on extracellular growth factors within the tumor microenvironment to drive aberrant signaling, proliferation, and survival. For example, anticancer therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor activity have been effective in blocking pro-angiogenic and pro-growth signals, including receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., Sunitinib and Sorafenib) and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Bevacizumab). However, the effectiveness of these therapies is frequently limited by compensatory growth factor signaling and incomplete blockade, contributing to drug resistance and suboptimal long-term responses. To address these challenges, we developed Glycomimetic Lysosome-targeting Chimeras (GLYTACs) that sequester and degrade extracellular growth factors in the cancer cell environment. GLYTACs exploit growth factor interactions with cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) glycans, a feature shared by many pro-tumorigenic signals and their receptors, by combining an HS-glycomimetic arm for growth factor binding with a polyvalent glycopolymer ligand targeting the lysosomal recycling cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) for efficient internalization and degradation. Treating HeLa cells with a heparin-based GLYTAC prototype drove rapid uptake and degradation of extracellular fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The capacity of heparin to promote the association of FGF2 with its cognate receptors (FGFRs) led to the degradation of the entire receptor-ligand complex, thereby reducing the availability of FGFRs at the cancer cell surface, which are necessary for sustained pro-oncogenic signaling. These findings highlight the potential of GLYTACs as an alternative to existing growth factor-blocking anticancer therapies and as a strategy to reshape the extracellular signaling environment of tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Follmar, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godula, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.30.696977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycomimetic Lysosome-targeting Chimeras (GLYTACs) for Degradation of Growth Factors and Growth Factor Receptors in Cancer Cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.01.697286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed measurements of protein-protein interactions and protein abundance across cellular conditions using Prod&PQ-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.01.697286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methods to profile protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have limited scalability and can only study a handful of conditions and/or targets. Here, we introduce Prod&PQ-seq, a framework for multiplexed detection and quantification of PPIs and proteins. Our framework uses cross-linked cells, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (ab-oligos), and captures PPIs by the DNA-caliper, a specialized oligonucleotide for bidirectional priming of proximal ab-oligos. We benchmarked Prod&PQ-seq using recombinant complexes, titrations and cell mixture experiments and show that our framework is quantitative, reproducible, sensitive and specific. Applying Prod&PQ-seq to study Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) shows that EZH2 inhibition and expression of the oncohistone H3.3K27M weakens both PRC2-H3K27me3 interactions and PPIs within PRC2. Further, H3.1K27M and H3.3K27M variants lead to distinct PPI profiles such as the intensity of H3K27ac-K27M or H3K27ac-EED. Together, Prod&PQ-seq enables detection of changes in PPI composition and intensity and protein quantification across biological conditions, small molecule inhibition and genetic perturbations.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=197 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/697286v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modolo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dishon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farjoun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mendenhall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.01.697286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed measurements of protein-protein interactions and protein abundance across cellular conditions using Prod&PQ-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.03.697463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted 3'-end RNA sequencing uncovers cryptic polyadenylation in Huntington's disease linked to somatic instability and CAG repeat purity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.03.697463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the first exon of the HTT gene. The full-penetrance threshold for HD is established at 40 CAG repeats, which are translated into a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the huntingtin (HTT) protein. Beyond this threshold, somatic repeat instability in the brain and CAG repeat purity can further modulate disease onset and severity.

HTT can be processed into multiple N-terminal fragments. Among these, the exon 1 HTT fragment containing an expanded polyQ tract is considered the most pathogenic. While some studies propose this fragment is generated by HTT proteolytic cleavage, others indicate it is primarily generated by the choice of a premature, cryptic polyadenylation site within HTT intron 1. Here, we apply a targeted RNA sequencing approach to systematically characterize HTT cryptic polyadenylation in several HD mouse models, human cell lines, and HD postmortem brain tissue. This method, known as 3-end targeted RNA sequencing or 3TRS, enables an accurate, quantitative, and cost-effective measurement of alternative polyadenylation. We describe an experimental and computational protocol that can also be adapted to additional transcripts and disease models.

We show that activation of HTT cryptic polyadenylation is highly selective for the distal polyadenylation site located 7.3kb downstream intron 1 and requires very long, uninterrupted CAG repeat expansions. In humanized YAC128 mice, cryptic HTT expression was detected across all inspected brain regions, whereas in knock-in mice it correlated strongly with tissue-specific somatic repeat instability, being most prominent in the striatum. In human cell lines, pure CAG tracts triggered cryptic polyadenylation, while CAA interruptions within the repeats completely suppressed HTT1a expression. In HD patient samples, cryptic HTT transcripts were detected only in a juvenile-onset fibroblast line carrying an ultralong CAG expansion and in brain regions exhibiting high somatic instability. Together, these data support a model in which long and unstable CAG repeat expansions drive HD pathogenesis by activating HTT cryptic polyadenylation. By enabling quantitative comparison of cryptic and canonical HTT isoforms, 3TRS provides a robust framework to investigate HTT1a biogenesis and to support the development and evaluation of HTT-lowering therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Velasco-Bilbao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manterola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrero-Reiriz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carazo-Hidalgo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misiukiewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold-Garcia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez-Navarro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallegger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ule, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez de Munain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olejniczak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brito, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blazquez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.03.697463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted 3'-end RNA sequencing uncovers cryptic polyadenylation in Huntington's disease linked to somatic instability and CAG repeat purity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Catestatin ameliorates tauopathy and amyloidogenesis via adrenergic inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers disease (AD), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) are characterized by Tau aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and progressive cognitive decline. Although metabolic dysregulation and neuropeptide imbalance have been linked to these disorders, the functional consequences of such imbalance and its potential for therapeutic reversal remain poorly understood. Our previous work identified chromogranin A (CgA), which encodes a pro-hormone for several metabolic peptides, as a key regulator of Tau pathology. Here, we investigate Catestatin (CST), a CgA-derived peptide that is a potent inhibitor of catecholamine release and has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and lower peripheral blood pressure. We report significant reductions in CST levels in the hippocampus and cortex of AD brains, as well as in the frontal cortex of CBD and the basal ganglia of PSP. Supplementing CST in cortical neuronal cultures and organotypic slice cultures (OTSC) decreased Tau phosphorylation and aggregation. In vivo, CST administration in PS19 Tauopathy mice reduced pathological Tau species, attenuated gliosis, and improved cognitive function. CST treatment also lowered amyloid plaque burden and neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice. Mechanistically, CST decreased epinephrine (EPI) levels in both PS19 and 5xFAD mice and suppressed downstream protein kinase A (PKA) hyperactivation in PS19 and OTSC. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized neuropeptidergic mechanism linking CST deficiency to elevated adrenergic receptor (ADR)-EPI-PKA stress signaling and Tauopathy-driven neurodegeneration, suggesting CST replacement as a promising therapeutic approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz-Mayorga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahata, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.04.697519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Catestatin ameliorates tauopathy and amyloidogenesis via adrenergic inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TubercuProbe: A Cross-Attention Graph-Sequence Model for Cross-Species Chemoproteomic Discovery in Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and residue-specific chemoproteomics have transformed human chemical biology, yet applying these approaches to pathogens remains limited by biosafety constraints, low throughput, and the absence of reusable atlases. We present TubercuProbe, a cross-species machine learning framework that leverages large-scale human chemoproteomic knowledge to prioritize compound-protein interactions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and other pathogens. Our model integrates a graph isomorphism network (GINE) for ligand encoding with frozen ESM-C (600M) protein embeddings via bidirectional cross-attention. Trained on >2M ChEMBL compound-protein pairs (predominantly human targets), TubercuProbe achieves R2=0.77 (MSE=0.45) for continuous affinity prediction and transfers effectively to binary cysteine reactivity prediction (CysDB AUPRC=0.63). Ablation studies reveal that pretrained features are highly transferable across freezing strategies ({Delta}AUPRC<0.03), suggesting the model captures fundamental protein-molecule interaction patterns. As a case study, we prioritize cysteine-reactive electrophiles and molecular glues for three Mtb virulence proteins (PtpB, SapM, Rv3671c), providing candidate probes for prospective ABPP validation. Orthogonal comparison with Boltz-2 structure predictions shows moderate correlation (Pearson r{approx}0.69). TubercuProbe provides a lightweight, sequence-driven first-pass ranker that enables pre-experimental prioritization--reducing the time, cost, and experimental burden of chemoproteomic discovery in biosafety-restricted systems. We discuss extensions toward multitask learning that jointly predicts non-covalent binding and covalent reactivity, recognizing that effective covalent probes must both reach their target and react once there.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chalamalasetty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Lengeling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barraza-Chavez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.04.697588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TubercuProbe: A Cross-Attention Graph-Sequence Model for Cross-Species Chemoproteomic Discovery in Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
P-Rex2 exhibits unique structural features and regulatory mechanisms distinct from the closely related RhoGEF P-Rex1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) activate small GTPases to drive cytoskeletal rearrangement, cell motility, and proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)-dependent Rac exchanger (P-Rex) subfamily of RhoGEFs includes P-Rex1 and P-Rex2 which, when misregulated, contribute to cancer progression and metastasis. P-Rex activity is controlled by accessory domains that maintain the protein in a cytosolic, autoinhibited state until activated by the lipid PIP3 and G protein {beta}{gamma} subunits. While P-Rex1 autoinhibition has been structurally and biochemically characterized, P-Rex2 has remained largely unexplored. Furthermore, despite high sequence similarity and domain conservation, P-Rex homologs differ in substrate specificity and regulatory interactions, and the molecular basis for these divergences is unknown. Here, we have taken an integrative structural biology approach to investigate these gaps. Using cryo-EM, we determined the first structure of full-length P-Rex2 to moderate resolution, revealing that, while the overall structure closely resembles that of P-Rex1, there is a substantial repositioning of the N-terminal module relative to the C-terminal core. This may play a key role in precluding the intramolecular interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains that are observed in autoinhibited P-Rex1. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry revealed that, unlike P-Rex1, P-Rex2 dynamics are unaffected by IP4, the headgroup of PIP3. SEC-SAXS data support that the N-terminal module itself is less dynamic, and biochemical assays show that P-Rex2 may be more tightly regulated by autoinhibition, likely through a mechanism different from P-Rex1. These findings uncover unique features in the molecular mechanisms of P-Rex2 regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marde, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muma, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cash, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.697791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[P-Rex2 exhibits unique structural features and regulatory mechanisms distinct from the closely related RhoGEF P-Rex1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.696004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurobiological Signatures of Endometriosis: Characterizing Pain, Cognition, and Brain Morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.696004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age women worldwide and is associated with substantial pain and mental health burden, yet its neurobiological correlates remain poorly characterized. Neuroimaging studies of endometriosis are particularly limited. Here we present a comprehensive, multidimensional investigation of the neurobiology of endometriosis, integrating structural and diffusion neuroimaging, biofluid measures, neuropsychological testing, and detailed health and psychosocial phenotyping in individuals with and without endometriosis. Compared with controls, individuals with endometriosis exhibited higher levels of pain, depression, and anxiety and performed worse across multiple cognitive domains. Global and regional brain morphometric measures did not differ between groups; however, endometriosis-specific pain was associated with altered gray matter volume and white matter microstructure across distributed pain-related neural circuits. These findings identify pain-related neurobiological signatures of endometriosis and establish a foundation for mechanistic and translational studies of its central nervous system effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murata, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natividad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotzinger, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santander, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giudicessi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzgerald, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iadipaolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panizzon, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.696004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurobiological Signatures of Endometriosis: Characterizing Pain, Cognition, and Brain Morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome axis protein SYCP2 recruits HORMAD2 to enable meiotic synapsis quality control in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis depends on accurate recombination and synapsis of homologous chromosomes. These processes are monitored in mammals by checkpoint mechanisms involving the meiotic HORMA-domain proteins HORMAD1 and HORMAD2, which bind unsynapsed chromosome axes and promote activation of the DNA damage-response kinase ATR independently of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, no mechanism for axis recruitment of HORMAD1 or HORMAD2 had been demonstrated, nor had its role in checkpoint function been tested.

We establish that a putative HORMAD-interacting region--the closure motif (CM)--within the chromosome-axis component SYCP2 is selectively required for HORMAD2, but not HORMAD1, localization. Deletion of the SYCP2 CM disrupts SYCP2-HORMAD2 complexes and prevents HORMAD2 axis binding without affecting axis assembly or recombination. Consequently, ATR accumulation and signaling on unsynapsed axes are reduced, and the prophase checkpoint malfunctions in a sexually dimorphic manner--causing aberrant elimination of synapsis-proficient spermatocytes and persistence of asynaptic oocytes. The phenotypes of SYCP2-CM-deficient and HORMAD2-null mice are indistinguishable, establishing the requirement for HORMAD2 axis recruitment in synapsis surveillance.

We propose that axial recruitment generates a HORMAD2 scaffold that drives clustering-mediated ATR network activation independently of DSBs, thereby linking chromosome-axis architecture to synapsis quality control in mammalian meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raveendran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valerio-Cabrera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gope, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telychko, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholte, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigel, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondarieva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome axis protein SYCP2 recruits HORMAD2 to enable meiotic synapsis quality control in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Partitioning Fraction of Variance Explained into Strong Localized Effects and Weak Diffuse Effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-dimensional genetic data present substantial challenges for estimating the fraction of variance explained (FVE) by genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Standard approaches for SNP heritability estimation, such as GWAS heritability (GWASH) and linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression, typically assume Gaussian distributions for SNP effect sizes. However, empirical evidence indicates that SNP effects are often heavy-tailed, with a small subset of variants exerting disproportionately large influence. Such settings violate the recently established bounded-kurtosis effect (BKE) condition, under which these FVE estimators are consistent. Consequently, widely used methods may yield severely biased estimates when strong effects are present. We introduce a decomposed FVE estimation framework that accommodates heavy-tailed and heterogeneous SNP effect distributions. The proposed approach partitions total heritability into contributions from strong and weak genetic effects, estimating the former using low-dimensional adjusted R2 and the latter using an extension of FVE estimation methodology that remains valid under BKE compliance. We further develop a test for detecting violations of the BKE condition and compare several high-dimensional screening procedures for identifying strong-effect SNPs when they are not known in advance. Simulation studies show that the proposed decomposition substantially improves estimation accuracy over existing approaches in the presence of heavy-tailed effects. Application to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study demonstrates the practical utility of the method, yielding more reliable heritability estimates for the PolyVoxel Score, a neuroimaging-based biomarker linked to iron accumulation. Our results highlight the importance of accommodating effect heterogeneity in large-scale genomic studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azriel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartzman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Partitioning Fraction of Variance Explained into Strong Localized Effects and Weak Diffuse Effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution at experimental epidemic fronts speeds up parasite spread 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spreading epidemics can foster the rapid emergence of novel parasite variants. Similar to range expansions, parasites at the front of an epidemic wave may evolve traits facilitating their spatial spread. Typically, higher transmissibility and virulence are expected to evolve at the epidemic front, but predictions change if virulence reduces dispersal of infected hosts.

We investigated the feedbacks between epidemiology and evolution in interconnected microcosms of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum and its bacterial parasite Holospora undulata. First, two long-term treatments mimicked the moving front of epidemic waves, with and without the natural dispersal of infected hosts. Phenotypic trait assays revealed an eco-to-evo feedback: wave-front parasites (i.e., travelling with infected hosts) were less virulent and interfered less with host dispersal, but also showed higher infectivity, compared to parasites from the control treatment. Whole-genome resequencing corroborated phenotypic divergence, but the genetic targets of selection remain unknown.

Second, measurement of the spread of evolved parasites in linear landscapes demonstrated an evo-to-eco feedback: wave-front parasites produced stronger infection outbreaks and faster spreading epidemic waves than did evolution-control parasites. A simulation model assessed the relative importance of the different parasite traits in determining infectious spread over a broad parameter range. It suggests that, if dispersal is generally low, higher infectivity alone can produce the observed differences in epidemic spread speed.

Our study illustrates how the need to travel with the host shapes eco-evolutionary feedbacks at parasite invasion fronts, and it highlights the importance of considering concomitant evolutionary change when predicting epidemic speed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allotta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshpande, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gougat-Barbera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gammuto, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petroni, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaltz, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zilio, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution at experimental epidemic fronts speeds up parasite spread]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological Interactions Drive Metabolomic Diversification in Amazonian Pseudonocardia Symbionts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fungus-growing ants engage in a multipartite symbiosis, including Pseudonocardia bacteria that produce antifungal metabolites to protect their fungal cultivar from the specialized pathogen Escovopsis. While different bioactive metabolites have been reported from ant-associated Pseudonocardia, most studies have focused on a limited number of strains, leaving the extent of chemical diversity across broader ecological contexts less resolved. Here, we investigated the antagonistic potential and metabolomic repertoires of 36 Pseudonocardia strains isolated from Amazonian Paratrachymyrmex ants. Pairwise bioactivity assays against two Escovopsis isolates revealed striking variability, with inhibition generally stronger and more diverse against the pathogenic fungus originating from the same ant genus. Untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics coupled with 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses showed that closely related strains harbored highly divergent chemical profiles, underscoring a decoupling between taxonomy and metabolite output. Detailed analyses of selected isolates revealed the production of structurally diverse metabolites, including dentigerumycin analogs, provipeptide A, {beta}-carbolines, and tetracycline-related compounds. Co-culture analysis uncovered metabolites absent in monocultures, including lichenysins, pepstatins, and hallobacillins, as well as conserved attinimicin, whose production was enhanced under pathogen challenge. These results highlight that both strain-specific metabolic repertoires and interaction-induced chemistry contribute to the defensive arsenal of Pseudonocardia. Together, our findings likely demonstrate that ecological pressures and local adaptation, rather than phylogeny alone, drive metabolomic diversification in this defensive symbiosis. Beyond their potential for novel bioactive compound discovery, these results provide insights into the chemical basis of multipartite symbioses, the dynamics of defensive mutualisms, and the ecological forces shaping microbial diversity in underexplored environments such as the Amazon.

IMPORTANCEMicrobial symbionts are central to host defense and natural product discovery, yet the factors driving their chemical diversification remain unclear. The fungus-growing ant-Pseudonocardia-Escovopsis system offers a powerful model to study how ecological context shapes microbial metabolism. By systematically characterizing multiple Amazonian Pseudonocardia strains, we show that antagonistic capacity and metabolomic repertoires vary widely, even among strains with highly similar 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealing a pronounced discordance between 16S-based phylogenetic relatedness and specialized metabolite production. These findings highlight the likely importance of ecological pressures and local adaptation in shaping metabolomic output, emphasizing symbiotic actinobacteria as both key ecological players and promising sources of antifungal natural products.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grundmann, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo, W. G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guardia, N. U. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migliorini, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopes, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clardy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pupo, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.697768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological Interactions Drive Metabolomic Diversification in Amazonian Pseudonocardia Symbionts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Latent Regulatory Programs Generate Synthetic T Cell States with Enhanced Therapeutic Potential 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factors (TFs) govern cell fate through coordinated gene-regulatory networks, yet the full potential of these networks to generate non-native, therapeutically advantageous cell states in vivo remains largely unexplored. We hypothesized that systematic gain-of-function (GOF) overexpression of TFs in CD8 T cells, central mediators of immune protection, could reveal latent, or "hidden," regulatory programs capable of generating synthetic T cell states with therapeutic utility. To test this, we developed single-cell GOF sequencing (scGOF-seq), a multiplexed platform for unbiased, in vivo mapping of GOF effects on T cell fate in immunocompetent mouse models of infection and cancer. scGOF-seq uncovered unexpected regulators of T cell differentiation and accumulation, including SOX2, OCT4, and GATA2, which are normally silenced during T cell differentiation. Notably, outside its native regulatory context, supraphysiologic cMyc GOF reprogrammed CD8 T cells into a synthetic stem-effector hybrid state, enabling >5,000-fold antigen-dependent expansion and antitumor activity, contrasting sharply with its native function in driving terminal differentiation. scGOF-seq further identified TF modules that cooperate with cMyc GOF to promote robust CD8 T cell responses in solid tumors. Together, these findings establish GOF perturbation as a powerful strategy for revealing latent immune regulatory programs and engineering synthetic immune states with therapeutic potential.

One-Sentence SummaryIn vivo single-cell gain-of-function screening reveals latent transcriptional programs that can reprogram T cells into highly functional synthetic states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pratt, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullins, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Modliszewski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rooyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhabotynsky, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jambor, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alicea Paunto, C. d. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merritt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somasundaram, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaxton, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dotti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milner, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.698190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Latent Regulatory Programs Generate Synthetic T Cell States with Enhanced Therapeutic Potential]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthesis-driven reverse metabolomics reveals 3-hydroxy N-acyl amides as gut microbial molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.698252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3-hydroxy N-acyl amides are bioactive lipids with reported anti-obesity and glucose-regulating effects, yet they are rarely detected in untargeted metabolomics studies because they are largely absent from existing spectral reference libraries. To address this gap, we synthesized an MS2 spectral resource comprising 436 structurally diverse 3-hydroxy N-acyl amides, spanning 3- to 18-carbon chains with a wide range of amine headgroups such as ornithine, valine, and dopamine. Using a synthesis-driven reverse metabolomics approach, we found 161,626 spectral matches across 54,744 publicly available files in untargeted metabolomics datasets revealing widespread occurrences in biological samples, including human-derived specimens. Of these molecules detected through MS2 spectral matching, 334 represent newly reported biological entities. We further confirmed their presence in human saliva, stool, and skin using retention time and ion mobility measurements. Frequent detection in microbial datasets and validation in communities of human-derived gut bacteria support microbial production. Several metabolites also showed altered abundance in individuals with diabetes mellitus, showing that this lipid class is modulated in human metabolic disease. Together, these findings establish 3-hydroxy N-acyl amides as a distinct and biologically relevant lipid class, and the accompanying MS2 spectral resource will enable their broader recognition and study in untargeted metabolomics data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vittali, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.698252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthesis-driven reverse metabolomics reveals 3-hydroxy N-acyl amides as gut microbial molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.697811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Statistical Atlas-Based Surrogate Model of Biventricular Wall Mechanics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.07.697811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we use a statistical atlas of end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) biventricular shapes - previously derived from the UK Biobank imaging substudy - to generate meshes for finite element (FE) simulations of ventricular wall mechanics. The models used the Holzapfel-Ogden constitutive law for passive material properties and a time-varying elastance model of systolic tension development. Simulated ED and ES deformations were projected onto the shape atlas and the principal components were used to train a multi-layer perceptron as a surrogate model. The input layer included shape modes of the unloaded ventricular geometry, and material parameters and ventricular pressures at ED and ES. After training with 444 simulations, the surrogate model achieved a mean square error in predicted displacements of < 2 mm and volumetric overlaps with FE-predicted deformed shapes > 97%, demonstrating good fidelity to the simulated ground truth. This approach may enable accurate prediction of ventricular wall mechanics without computationally expensive finite element analysis, offering a more feasible method for rapid, subject-specific cardiac modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konanur, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finsberg, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundnes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCulloch, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.697811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Statistical Atlas-Based Surrogate Model of Biventricular Wall Mechanics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking Peptide Spectral Library Search 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spectral library search (SLS) is a major approach for peptide identification from tandem mass spectrometry data, with performance depending substantially on the accuracy of the underlying Spectrum-Spectrum Matching (SSM) scoring functions. However, detailed comparative studies remain limited by the absence of comprehensive benchmark datasets. We propose new methods to build SSM scoring functions benchmarks and construct a benchmark dataset with (i) eight query spectrum sets with varying noise level for 476,063 precursors, and (ii) three spectral libraries with experimental, de-noised and predicted spectra for 3,065,819 precursors. We evaluate common spectrum preprocessing scenarios and SSM scoring functions, including SpectraST and EntropyScore. Results revealed this remains an important open problem, with the best recall for still assessed to be poor at just [~]70%, with SpectraST performing best for spectra with little-to-no noise, while JS-divergence showed superior noise resistance. Conversely, Cosine and Entropy score performed substantially worse, with Projected-Cosine performing especially poorly in most cases, with overall performance and relative ranking depending quite significantly on the minimum number of matching peaks. The benchmark dataset (MSV000095946/PXD056205) supports testing and development of new SSM scoring functions and the proposed benchmark construction approach provides an extensible foundation for additional types of SSM evaluation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandeira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.698418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking Peptide Spectral Library Search]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies microbial and metabolic signatures and drivers of CNS autoimmunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.08.698420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) driven by genetic and environmental determinants. The gut microbiome of people with MS (pwMS) is distinct and influences disease through immunomodulatory metabolite production. Circulating metabolites are altered in pwMS, but identifying microbial-metabolic drivers remains challenging. We previously showed that colonization by the gut commensal Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) exacerbates disease in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS, in a tryptophan-dependent manner. Here, we integrated microbiomic and metabolomic datasets from a longitudinal EAE study utilizing high and low tryptophan diets in mice colonized or not with L. reuteri. Gut microbiome dynamics under short- and long-term alterations in tryptophan bioavailability, were affected by diet, microbiome context, or disease. During short-term dietary intervention, L. reuteri colonization exerted a greater impact on microbiome composition than tryptophan bioavailability. With longer dietary exposure and EAE progression, high dietary tryptophan and L. reuteri colonization synergized to elicit profound microbiota changes, including alterations in Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, and Akkermansia. Integration of metabolomic and microbiomic datasets using joint Robust Aitchison PCA revealed clusters of associated metabolites and microbiota enriched for functional pathways, including bile acid and tryptophan metabolism. Metabolites outperformed microbiota in predicting EAE severity, identifying p-cresols and indoles as top disease-associated metabolites. Treatment with p-cresol or 3-indoleglyoxylic acid exacerbated EAE, enhanced proinflammatory T cell responses, and increased cerebellar pathology. These data demonstrate that dietary responses are shaped by gut microbiome composition and that integrated microbiomic-metabolomic analyses can identify drivers of disease worsening in MS.

IMPORTANCEMS is a multifactorial disease influenced not only by genetics but also by environmental factors, potentially including diet and the composition of the gut microbiome. We show that interactions between diet and commensal gut microbiota profoundly impact levels of immunomodulatory systemic metabolites, including several that are associated with disease in pwMS. Importantly, we demonstrate that individual gut microbiota produced metabolites are sufficient to worsen disease in a mouse model of MS. Integration of gut microbiome and blood metabolite datasets combined with subsequent predictive modeling, may bolster biomarker identification and the capacity to predict disease severity in pwMS, as compared to performance of individual datasets alone. These findings highlight metabolites as key mediators linking diet and the gut microbiota to neuroinflammation. Importantly, this work suggests that targeting microbial metabolites or modifying diet-microbiome interactions may represent new strategies to reduce disease activity in MS and related autoimmune disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downs, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heney, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krementsov, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.08.698420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies microbial and metabolic signatures and drivers of CNS autoimmunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Orthogonally targeted tumor radiosensitization using cell penetrating peptide-ATM inhibitor conjugates to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.09.698736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor resistance to radiotherapy continues to be a significant problem in improving cancer patient outcomes. To overcome radioresistance, drugs that sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation have been tested. In theory, radiosensitizers should increase irradiated tumor kill and improve patient outcomes. In practice, the clinical utility of such drugs is curtailed by radiosensitization of peri-tumoral normal tissues causing toxicities. To address these issues, we developed an activatable cell penetrating peptide-drug conjugate to deliver a small molecule radiosensitizer with spatial precision to tumors. The activatable cell penetrating peptide (ACPP) scaffold cloaks a cell penetrating peptide-drug conjugate until it is unmasked within tumors through matrix metalloproteinase cleavage. Using antibody-drug conjugate linker chemistry, we attached the potent ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor AZD0156 to ACPP and created ACPP-AZD0156. In immune-competent murine cancer models, tumor-targeted ACPP-AZD0156 in combination with ionizing radiation stimulated tumor immune infiltration by CD8+ T cells and increased tumor control when compared to non-targeted ATM inhibitor. Mechanistically, ACPP-AZD0156 radiosensitized tumor control was dependent on the adaptive arm of the immune system. Finally, the combination of radiotherapy and ACPP-AZD0156 potentiated immune checkpoint inhibitors that resulted in durable tumor control. The therapeutic synergies of ACPP targeted ATM inhibitor to radiosensitize and stimulate anti-tumor immune responses provides a rationale for developing tumor-targeted radiosensitizer drug conjugates that restrict radiosensitization to cancer cells that then engages anti-tumor immune responses to improve cancer patient outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhawan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allevato, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lesperance, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camargo, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mortaja, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zareh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hingorani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Advani, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.09.698736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Orthogonally targeted tumor radiosensitization using cell penetrating peptide-ATM inhibitor conjugates to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.13.699319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-Organized Pattern Formation of a Common Tropical Alga 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.13.699319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent in-situ observations within a tropical coral reef have revealed novel polygonal patterns of the calcifying green alga Halimeda. The observed patterns showed no evidence of a matching exogenous template in structural reef morphology, distribution of biological competitors for space, or other environmental factors, suggesting the pattern is the result of endogenous, nonlinear pattern forming dynamics. A simplified, spatially explicit numerical model is proposed that simulates a feedback whereby Halimeda preferentially grows in regions less conducive to the growth of corals (when corals are the dominant spatial competitor), and coral growth is inhibited in regions of dense Halimeda. Model results reveal self-organized emergent polygons of Halimeda cover that qualitatively match observations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McNamara, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lester, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.13.699319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-Organized Pattern Formation of a Common Tropical Alga]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Templating and confining calcium phosphate mineralization within designed protein assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bone formation involves the deposition of ordered hydroxyapatite (HAp) on collagen fibrils, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unresolved, limiting the design of protein-apatite hybrid materials. Here we show that computationally designed de novo proteins can template and confine HAp mineralization with molecular level precision. We design C3-symmetric oligomers with inner surfaces chemically complementary to the HAp {010} facet, and assemble these through additional interfaces into D3 oligomers, one-dimensional nanotubes, and two-dimensional arrays. Electron microscopy revealed templated mineralization and confinement at each hierarchical level, with mineral shape guided by the underlying protein architecture. Phase conversion to HAp is driven by the designed protein-mineral interface. Our results establish a framework for programmable protein-guided mineralization, providing a foundation for next-generation biomaterials in regenerative medicine and nanotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyles, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borst, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethel, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibler, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moroz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeYoreo, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Templating and confining calcium phosphate mineralization within designed protein assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.699549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drought tolerance of Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs is influenced by adaptation to local climate conditions and associations with humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.699549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Urbanization is intensifying human interactions with mosquitoes, exacerbating public health challenges. Densely populated areas provide ideal conditions for container-dwelling mosquitoes, with increased host availability and the presence of artificial breeding sites. These anthropophilic mosquitoes often exhibit distinct ecological adaptations compared to their rural counterparts. Since mosquito eggs are immobile and remain at the site of oviposition, they provide a valuable lens for assessing how urbanization, climate-driven shifts in temperature, and drought affect mosquito reproductive success. This study examined Ae. aegypti egg viability under varying temperature and dry conditions over five months, focusing on lineages with distinct ancestries from West African populations. Mosquitoes collected from urban habitats with a high human preference demonstrated higher egg survival under prolonged arid conditions. Analysis of climatic factors revealed that dry season temperature and precipitation during wet periods are significant predictors of egg drought tolerance. Modeling future climate scenarios based on input from our egg viability results suggests a projected shift and expansion in the seasonal survival window for Ae. aegypti by the end of the century. This study highlights the importance of understanding environmental constraints on the drought tolerance of mosquito eggs to predict and mitigate future mosquito outbreaks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zigmond, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uhran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sylla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akorli, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otoo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benoit, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.15.699549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drought tolerance of Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs is influenced by adaptation to local climate conditions and associations with humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is critical for streptococcal envelope homeostasis and stress tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.699484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe genus Streptococcus contains some of the most important commensals and pathogens of the human microbiome. To obtain the fatty acids required for cell membranes, Streptococcus either produce fatty acids de novo through the fatty acid biosynthesis (fab) pathway or uptake host fatty acids through the fatty acid kinase (fak) pathway. Although both the fab and fak pathways represent potential therapeutic targets to prevent or treat infection, progress is limited because of an incomplete understanding of taxon-to-taxon variability in streptococcal lipid metabolism. Here, we examined the role of de novo monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis in physiology and virulence-associated traits in Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, three major pathogens that cause disease at distinct body sites. In all three species, deletion of fabM abolished MUFA production and caused severe growth defects, decreased stress tolerance, increased antibiotic susceptibility, and defects in cell viability, morphology, and division. In S. mutans, loss of fabM also markedly reduced competence signaling and production of the mutacin IV bacteriocin. Deletion of fabM increased susceptibility to killing by human neutrophils in S. mutans and S. pneumoniae, but not S. pyogenes. Together, these findings illustrate that MUFA synthesis is broadly important for streptococcal physiology and cell membrane homeostasis, while its contribution to pathogenesis is strongly species- and context-dependent, providing leads to guide development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farias-da-Silva, F. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbisan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnside, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crofton, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drucker, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higashi, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Merrit, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirose, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan-Willem, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.699484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis is critical for streptococcal envelope homeostasis and stress tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.699810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Illuminating spatial dynamics of glutamine metabolism with a sensitive genetically encoded biosensor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.15.699810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in serum, used as a key nutrient by cells for protein synthesis, energy production, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and cellular redox balance. The use of glutamine in the cell is highly compartmentalized, but the dynamics of glutamine metabolism across organelles and individual cells are not fully understood. To illuminate subcellular glutamine dynamics, we developed an intracellular glutamine optical reporter, iGlo. We find iGlo is sensitive and specific for glutamine and can be used to measure glutamine uptake, production, and consumption with high spatiotemporal resolution in multiple cell types. Furthermore, multiplexed imaging of iGlo with a lactate biosensor in single cells reveals temporal crosstalk between glucose and glutamine metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis. Thus, iGlo enables the sensitive and precise study of compartmentalized glutamine dynamics and represents a new and enhanced tool for studying the spatiotemporal dynamics and regulation of metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scully, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arias, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapelczak, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vineall, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dean, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TeSlaa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Divakaruni, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmitt, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.15.699810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Illuminating spatial dynamics of glutamine metabolism with a sensitive genetically encoded biosensor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rigor and Transparency in two neurotrauma-publishing journals: editorial policies improve transparent reporting. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preclinical research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to significantly increase knowledge and yield a large number of peer-reviewed studies, but translation of these results to the clinical setting has been minimal. Rigor and transparency factors such as concealment of group allocation (e.g., "blinding) or ensuring that reagents are identifiable are critical in ensuring that scientific studies are replicable and translatable. Yet, nearly all efforts aimed at measuring these factors have concluded that reporting practices are problematic and incomplete. One way to improve transparency of reporting practices is to require that authors address a set of transparency related items in some way, such as a checklist or a paper section. Recently, Journal of Neurotrauma, a leading publisher of preclinical TBI research, instituted a required rigor-related section, which is explained to authors via a set of transparency, rigor, and reproducibility (TRR) instructions (one example for each manuscript type). These documents include specific transparency sections explaining blinding, power calculations, protocols, code, and data deposition. Experimental Neurology is a journal that is similar in size, impact and topic but the journal does not have explicit instructions to authors about transparency items. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree to which transparency reporting items were included in published manuscripts comparing reporting practices in the Journal of Neurotrauma and Experimental Neurology. We used a commercial software, SciScore, which is an AI tool tuned to detect rigor/transparency sentences in published manuscripts and count the number found (roughly dividing by the number expected) to obtain a score. Overall, SciScore found that in 6 of 8 items that were explicitly asked for, such as power calculations, investigator blinding, inclusion criteria, attrition, and data were significantly greater (more than 10%) compared to Experimental Neurology. However in Journal of Neurotrauma papers with the extra rigor section, 3 of 4 rigor items that were not explicitly asked for in the template rigor documents, such as subject demographics or transparent antibody reporting were not different from Experimental Neurology. One item, reporting of the sex of subjects was significantly better in Experimental Neurology. This shows that the Journal of Neurotrauma required rigor section is effective in improving reporting, but it would be far better if sex as a biological variable and transparent reporting of reagents (items present on major checklists including NIH rigor criteria) would be included.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bandrowski, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namburi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PRECISE-TBI Authors, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.699952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rigor and Transparency in two neurotrauma-publishing journals: editorial policies improve transparent reporting.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transforming Growth Factor β1 Modulates Sex Differences in Cardiac Myofibroblast Activation on Hydrogel Biomaterials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.699818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological process in which the myocardium stiffens due to the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cardiac fibroblasts activate to myofibroblasts in response to the inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-{beta}1) to promote fibrotic scarring. Biological sex also influences cardiac fibrosis progression and patient outcomes, where males exhibit increased fibrotic scarring after acute inflammation relative to females. At the cellular level, sex differences in TGF-{beta}1-mediated cardiac myofibroblast activation processes have not been clearly defined. We hypothesized that TGF-{beta}1 would cause sex-specific cardiac myofibroblast activation levels and alter the secretion of bioactive molecules to modulate sex differences in cardiac fibrosis. Primary left ventricle cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from male and female C57BL/6J mice and cultured on hydrogel biomaterials mimicking native myocardial ECM stiffness and treated with TGF-{beta}1 and/or the TGF-{beta}1 receptor inhibitor SD208. Male myofibroblasts exhibited increased -SMA stress fiber formation, increased SMAD2/3 localization, and greater resistance to SD208 inhibition compared to female myofibroblasts on hydrogels at various time points tested. Sex differences in relative secreted cytokine abundance were also determined, with male CFs secreting increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and female CFs producing increased periostin and fibroblast growth factor 21 in response to TGF-{beta}1. Our findings establish that TGF-{beta}1 mediates sex differences in cardiac myofibroblast activation on hydrogels and secreted factors that may modulate the myocardial microenvironment. Our work underscores the importance of using hydrogels as cell culture platforms to recapitulate sex-specific cardiac fibrosis phenotypes as a steppingstone towards identifying sex-dependent therapeutic interventions for cardiac fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faust, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorashi, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix Velez, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loud, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.699818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transforming Growth Factor β1 Modulates Sex Differences in Cardiac Myofibroblast Activation on Hydrogel Biomaterials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.700010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circulating biomarkers in serum from aortic valve stenosis patients predict sex-specific drug responses in valve myofibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.16.700010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is a prevalent, sexually dimorphic cardiovascular disease characterized by fibro-calcification of the aortic valve leaflet. Sex differences in AVS arise in part from sexually dimorphic serum composition that differentially regulate valvular interstitial cell (VIC) myofibroblast activation. However, how individual serum factors contribute to sex-specific drug responses targeting VIC myofibroblast activation remains unknown. Here, we integrate serum proteomic profiling with in vitro drug screening using hydrogel biomaterials to identify sex-specific regulators of antifibrotic drug efficacy. We found that Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2) serum levels are associated with resistance to the antifibrotic drug Evogliptin only in female VICs cultured with female AVS serum. This mechanism is driven by IGFBP2-mediated activation of Rho/ROCK and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathways that counteract Evogliptin treatment. Our findings reveal a sex-specific, serum-mediated mechanism of Evogliptin resistance and highlight IGFBP2 as a candidate biomarker for stratifying female AVS patients for Evogliptin treatment. More broadly, these findings underscore the importance of incorporating sex-stratified biomarker analyses into AVS therapeutic development to improve patient-specific treatment recommendations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vogt, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix Velez, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorashi, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reeves, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguado, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.16.700010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circulating biomarkers in serum from aortic valve stenosis patients predict sex-specific drug responses in valve myofibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.18.698756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Curcumin Alleviates Systemic Inflammation and Gut Dysbiosis Induced by Circadian Rhythm Disruption in a Rodent Model of Jet Lag 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.18.698756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian rhythm disruption is increasingly recognized as a systemic stressor that promotes immune dysregulation and gut microbial imbalance, processes implicated in a wide range of inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. However, therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-immune interface under conditions of circadian misalignment remain limited. Here, we investigated whether curcumin, a plant-derived polyphenol with known anti-inflammatory properties, mitigates inflammation and gut dysbiosis induced by severe circadian disruption in a rodent model of chronic jet lag

Rats were subjected to repeated 12-hour inversions of the light-dark cycle and treated daily with curcumin (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle delivered orally in almond butter. Circadian disruption significantly increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines and altered gut microbial composition. Curcumin treatment markedly reduced plasma levels of IFN-{gamma}, TNF-, IL-6, and CXCL1, decreased Peyers patch size, and partially restored circadian-regulated activity patterns. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed that curcumin shifted the gut microbiome toward a more eubiotic profile, characterized by increased species richness, reduced dominance of inflammatory taxa, decreased relative abundance of Proteobacteria, and increased Firmicutes, with a trend toward enrichment of Actinobacteria.

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that curcumin attenuates systemic and intestinal inflammation associated with circadian rhythm disruption, likely through combined suppression of proinflammatory signaling and modulation of the gut microbiome. Despite its limited systemic bioavailability, curcumin exerted robust effects at the gut-immune interface, highlighting the microbiome as a critical therapeutic target for chronobiology-associated inflammatory disorders. These results support curcumin as a potentially promising chronoprotective intervention for conditions characterized by circadian misalignment, including shift work and jet lag.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mandyam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Licamele, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besmer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.18.698756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Curcumin Alleviates Systemic Inflammation and Gut Dysbiosis Induced by Circadian Rhythm Disruption in a Rodent Model of Jet Lag]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-option of Lysosomal Machinery for Biomineralization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomineralization first emerged [~]600 million years ago, giving rise to novel strategies for buoyancy, locomotion, and defense.1 Sponges are the only metazoans that build a silica-based skeleton,2 and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying their silicification process are much less understood than in diatoms and land plants, the other two major biosilicifiers. Here, we show that the cells specialized for sponge biosilicification, termed sclerocytes, highly express lysosomal-associated genes, including the V-H+-ATPase (VHA) proton pump, oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) anion channels, cathepsin-L proteins, silicateins, TMEM55A, TMEM192, TMEM199, and multiple other proteins involved with lysosomal maintenance and degradation. Further, we demonstrate that VHA protein localizes to the sclerocyte silica deposition vesicle (SDV) and that VHA-dependent SDV acidification is essential for silica spicule formation. This function mirrors the localization and role of VHA in diatom biosilicification,3 while in land plants, acidification occurs extracellularly in the xylem and is driven by a different proton pump, the plasma membrane P-type H+-ATPase.4,5 These results indicate that vesicle acidification is a shared mechanism for silica handling in sponges, diatoms, and plants. We also found that genes homologous to the plant silicon efflux transporter Lsi2,6 which belong to the same gene family as OCA2,7,8 are upregulated in sclerocytes. Using Hybridization Chain Reaction Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (HCR-FISH), we found that sponge Lsi2 genes are expressed in sclerocytes, corroborating prior phylogenetic and transcriptomic evidence that Lsi2 homologs are involved in sponge and diatom silicic acid transport.7-10 Taking into account previous work showing that VHA, cathepsins, and other lysosomal-associated genes have been associated with calcification across a remarkable range of eukaryotes including coccolitophores,11 foraminifera,12 sea urchins,13 bryozoans,14 crustaceans,15 mollusks,16 and mammals,17 we posit that the various biomineralization mechanisms observed throughout the tree of life arose convergently through the co-option of an ancestral lysosomal gene toolkit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rangarajan-Paul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nichols, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tresguerres, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-option of Lysosomal Machinery for Biomineralization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct binding of chromosome axis and cohesin complexes underlies meiotic chromosome architecture in fungi and plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.19.700424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In prophase of meiosis I, the proteinaceous chromosome axis provides a scaffold for the compaction of chromosomes into a linear loop array, controls the formation of interhomolog crossovers, and finally becomes integrated into the synaptonemal complex after crossovers have formed. Despite its fundamental importance, how the proteins of the meiotic chromosome axis - meiotic HORMADs, axis core proteins, and cohesin complexes - self-assemble with one another is incompletely understood. In particular, it remains unknown how cohesin complexes interact with other axis components. Here, we combine genetics in S. cerevisiae, AlphaFold-based protein interaction screens, and biochemical assays to reveal that the S. cerevisiae axis core protein Red1 binds the C-terminal winged helix domain of cohesins meiosis-specific subunit Rec8. We find that this interaction is conserved across fungi and plants, but not in mammals, suggesting that different eukaryotic phyla use distinct protein-protein interfaces to assemble the chromosome axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mendez Diaz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.19.700424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct binding of chromosome axis and cohesin complexes underlies meiotic chromosome architecture in fungi and plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.18.700179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deconvolving Phylogenetic Distance Mixtures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.18.700179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mixtures of multiple constituent organisms are sequenced in several widely used applications, including metagenomics and metabarcoding. Characterizing the elements of the sequence mixture and their abundance with respect to a reference set of known organisms has been the subject of intense research across several domains, including microbiome analyses, and methods must overcome two key challenges. First, the mixture constituents are related to each other through an evolutionary history, and hence, should not be considered independent entities. Second, sequence data is noisy, with each short read providing a limited signal. While existing approaches attempt to address these challenges, addressing both challenges simultaneously has proved challenging. For evolutionary dependencies, methods either define hierarchical clusters (e.g., taxonomies or operational taxonomic/genomic units) or use phylogenetic trees. For the second challenge, they either assemble reads into contigs, use statistical priors to summarize read placements, or attempt to analyze all reads jointly using k-mers. Despite this rich literature, a natural approach to simultaneously address both challenges has been underexplored: compute a distance from the mixture to all references, deconvolve those distances, and place the sample on multiple branches of a reference phylogeny with associated abundances. This multi-placement approach is a natural extension of the single-read phylogenetic placement used in practice. We argue that by placing the entire sample on multiple branches instead of placing reads individually, we can obtain a less noisy profile of the mixture. We formalize this approach as the phylogenetic distance deconvolution (PDD) problem, show some limits on the identifiability of PDDs, propose a slow exact algorithm, and an efficient heuristic greedy algorithm with local refinements. Benchmarking shows that these heuristics are effective and that our implementation of the PDD approach (called DecoDiPhy) can accurately deconvolve phylogenetic mixture distances while scaling quadratically. Applied to metagenomics, DecoDiPhy consolidates reads mapped to a large number of branches on a reference tree to a much smaller number of placements. The consolidated placements improve the accuracy of downstream tasks, such as sample differentiation and detection of differentially abundant taxa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arasti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapci, A. O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rachtman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Kebir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.18.700179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deconvolving Phylogenetic Distance Mixtures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Clinically Silent Resistance Phenotype That Promotes Acinetobacter baumannii Survival During Colistin Therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of multidrug-resistant nosocomial infections, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia, for which therapeutic options are increasingly limited. Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic, is a drug of last resort for A. baumannii, boasting high susceptibility rates. Yet, despite relatively low rates of breakpoint-defined colistin resistance, clinical outcomes are highly variable, and the bacterial strategies that enable survival during colistin therapy remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate supervised machine-learning-guided genomic prioritization with functional, physiological, and in vivo analyses to interrogate the genetic basis of colistin response in A. baumannii. Machine-learning analysis of clinical isolates identified candidate loci associated with colistin survival, many of which did not alter minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) when disrupted. Instead, growth-dynamic assays uncovered a subset of mutants capable of maintaining fitness upon inhibitory colistin exposure despite classification as susceptible via standardized antibiotic susceptibility testing. We define this phenotype as clinically silent resistance (CSR), a genetically encoded, MIC-independent survival state. Using a murine pneumonia model, we further demonstrate that CSR mutants thrive during colistin therapy in vivo. Together, these findings reveal a hidden layer of colistin survival that is not captured by standard susceptibility testing and highlight fundamental limitations of breakpoint-centric paradigms for predicting treatment outcomes in A. baumannii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yaqub, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonde, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maity, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arugonda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olea-Ozuna, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boll, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Clinically Silent Resistance Phenotype That Promotes Acinetobacter baumannii Survival During Colistin Therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational pipeline reveals nature's untapped reservoir of halogenating enzymes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.20.700248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial halogenated natural products (hNPs) hold ecological, agricultural, and biomedical relevance. The hNP-producing potential of the organism can be assessed by the precise prediction of biosynthetic enzymes, yet the detailed annotations of halogenases are often missing from genomic and metagenomic data. We created a manually curated database (https://halogenases.secondarymetabolites.org/) containing information on the halide-specificity, role, and position of verified catalytic residues and results of the mutagenesis studies of more than 120 experimentally validated or in silico inferred halogenases. The collection of experimental data supports a computational pipeline that allows the family-, substrate-, and halide-scope-level annotation of halogenating enzymes by relying on catalytic residues, conserved motifs, and profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs). Our analysis with sequence similarity networks (SSNs) highlighted several underexplored clusters in the UniRef50 database. Such finding was a halogenase from Rhodopirellula baltica (RhobaVHPO) previously labelled as a hypothetical chloroperoxidase, which clustered apart from the known chloroperoxidases and bromoperoxidases, but accepted chloride and preferred bromide. Our database and workflow provide extensive and scalable solutions for the systematic and precise annotation of halogenating enzymes in genomic and metagenomic data. The in-depth categorization of halogenases will improve the chemical structure prediction of microbial hNPs, supporting ecological assessments and natural product discovery.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=112 SRC="FIGDIR/small/700248v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Szenei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korenskaia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukowski, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziemert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikel, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leao, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational pipeline reveals nature's untapped reservoir of halogenating enzymes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dye-cycling DNA origami rotors for long-term tracking of transcription at base-pair resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein interactions with DNA often result in rotational movements. These movements underlie many genetic processes such as DNA transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP). To illuminate these movements, we previously developed Origami Rotor-Based Imaging and Tracking (ORBIT), a fluorescence-based method that enables high-speed tracking of DNA rotation. When used to track DNA rotation during transcription by E. coli RNAP, ORBIT enabled detection of single base-pair steps. However, the duration of ORBIT experiments was limited due to fluorescence photobleaching. To overcome this limitation and extend the total possible observation time, we here introduce dye-cycling ORBIT (dcORBIT), a method that enables observation of protein-DNA interactions for over 10 minutes at 20 Hz while maintaining single base-pair precision. dcORBIT thereby opens new possibilities to study the fundamental rotational movements underlying gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wacker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fantasia, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenner, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosuri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dye-cycling DNA origami rotors for long-term tracking of transcription at base-pair resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental Fungi Modulate the Vaginal Mycobiome and Cervical Disease Progression in Hispanic Women 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vaginal mycobiome, though a minor component of the cervicovaginal ecosystem, plays a crucial role in reproductive health and disease. However, its composition and interactions with bacterial communities remain poorly understood, particularly among Hispanic women, who experience disproportionately high rates of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. We characterized the vaginal mycobiota across reproductive stages and examined its associations with cervical disease, HPV status, and bacterial community state types (CSTs) in 86 Hispanic participants from Puerto Rico using ITS1 amplicon sequencing. Amplicon sequence variants were inferred with QIIME2/DADA2 and taxonomically classified using the UNITE database, with diversity and discriminant taxa analyses applied to explore clinical and microbial associations. We detected 173 fungal Species Hypotheses, dominated by Candida albicans, Agaricomycetes sp., Scopuloides dimorpha, and Hortaea werneckii. While fungal composition did not differ significantly by reproductive stage, non-pregnant individuals exhibited greater inter-individual variability. Alpha diversity was reduced in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with low-grade or normal cytology, and Candida parapsilosis prevalence was elevated in low-grade lesions. CST III, characterized by Lactobacillus iners dominance, showed greater dispersion variance than other CSTs. Collectively, these findings reveal a diverse vaginal mycobiome with stage- and disease-specific features, and a notable contribution of environmental fungi that may influence cervical pathogenesis. This work provides foundational insight into cervicovaginal fungal ecology in a high-risk Hispanic population and highlights the importance of integrating bacteriome-mycobiome analyses in womens health research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Godoy-Vitorino, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas Robles, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolanos-Rosero, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pagan-Zayas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes-Nazario, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiggin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romaguera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental Fungi Modulate the Vaginal Mycobiome and Cervical Disease Progression in Hispanic Women]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.700386v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterologous betacoronavirus spike immunization in nonhuman primates elicits cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize both sarbeco- and merbecoviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.700386v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In anticipation of future coronavirus (CoV) pandemics, developing vaccines that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against diverse CoVs is critical. Here, we vaccinated rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein, then boosted with heterologous {beta}-CoV S-proteins to focus responses to common conserved S2 bnAb epitopes. Initial SARS-CoV-2 priming elicited receptor-binding domain (RBD)-focused responses, while MERS-CoV boosting redirected responses toward the S2 region, including the stem-helix bnAb site. Although S2-directed serum cross-neutralization was undetectable and most isolated cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeted non-neutralizing epitopes, two S2 stem-helix mAbs were identified from memory B cells. These bnAbs neutralized diverse sarbeco- and merbecoviruses, including MERS-CoV, and conferred robust in vivo protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Structural studies revealed that these macaque bnAbs closely mimic human S2-stem bnAbs induced by infection. These findings provide proof-of-principle for vaccination strategies that elicit broadly protective {beta}-coronavirus responses and highlight non-human primates as a translational model for evaluating S2-targeted immunogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dueker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capozzola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bangaru, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beutler, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, W.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callaghan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avillion, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musharrafieh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzanello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaczmarek-Michaels, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Akiva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhdoomi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Westfall-Gomez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinaldi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crotty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvine, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briney, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>andrabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.700386</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterologous betacoronavirus spike immunization in nonhuman primates elicits cross-reactive antibodies that neutralize both sarbeco- and merbecoviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-mediated conditional mutagenesis of Smad1/5/8 reveals BMP/GDF signaling restricts postnatal bone overgrowth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.22.701170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The BMP/GDF branch of TGF-{beta} signaling regulates diverse aspects of skeletal biology, from skeletal development to maintenance and repair. However, the complexity, redundancy, and pleiotropy of BMP/GDF signaling have hamstrung a genetic dissection of its activities in different cell types over time. Here, we tested the feasibility of a three-transgene system using CRISPR/Cas9 to conditionally mutate six target sites, two each in the receptor-mediated Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 transcriptional effectors of BMP/GDF signaling. Briefly, we used Prx1-cre to activate a conditional Cas9 transgene by recombination in early limb bud mesenchyme; this endonuclease then complexes with gRNAs expressed from a polycistronic tRNA-gRNA array for targeted mutagenesis. Slower than expected accumulation of gRNA-directed mutations in each Smad produced an unexpected postnatal skeletal phenotype. Beginning around one month after birth, all animals developed hyperostosis on the surface of all long limb bones, which progressively worsened with age. This woven bone expansion occurred through proliferation of RUNX2+ osteoprogenitor cells in the cambium layer of the periosteum, producing an abundance of periosteal osteoblasts. Endosteal osteoblasts did not increase in number but increased their mineralizing activity. As a result, the marrow cavities narrowed, and the patella and carpal elements, which have no periosteum, increased internal bone mass without altering shape and size. Thus, while BMP/GDF signaling is known to promote early postnatal bone growth, these data support an additional homeostatic role during late postnatal osteogenesis by regulating both periosteal and endosteal osteoblasts. Although this genetically simple approach requires further optimization to improve efficiency, combining three transgenes produced more than 160 conditionally mutagenized animals with a fully penetrant and reproducible phenotype. This is an advance over traditional cre/lox systems that scale in complexity with the number of target loci, and it highlights the potential to model a wide range of genetically complex traits and disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levina, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitzel, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Low, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halaby, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grunwald, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gacasan, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moharrer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerckel, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiles, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.701170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-mediated conditional mutagenesis of Smad1/5/8 reveals BMP/GDF signaling restricts postnatal bone overgrowth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Manifold-Based Measure of Transcriptional Entropy for Quantifying Aging in Single Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Characterizing cellular aging is essential for understanding age-related diseases. While tissue-level studies reveal broad age-associated changes, they often reflect compositional shifts rather than cell-level reprogramming. The cellular damage hypothesis posits that aging involves the accumulation of DNA, chromatin, and other damage across molecular layers, increasing transcriptional entropy. Existing supervised methods for detecting cellular senescence yield cell type-specific senescence scores but rely on labeled data and lack generalizability. Here, we introduce a first-principles framework for quantifying transcriptional entropy in single cells as each cells deviation from a transcriptomic manifold, capturing breakdown of transcriptional coordination.

This unsupervised approach identifies aging-affected cell types and distinguishes two cellular aging mechanisms: loss of expression precision and activation of stress-response pathways in high entropy cells. Applied to Tabula Muris Senis and SenNet Multiome datasets, transcriptional entropy correlates with chromatin-based mitotic age and highlights regenerative tissue compartments as most affected by aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teneche, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miciano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yip, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Manifold-Based Measure of Transcriptional Entropy for Quantifying Aging in Single Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.700559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Csf1r-mediated depletion of midbrain microglia prevents dopaminergic neuron loss during chronic colitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.700559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) predisposes to neuropsychiatric comorbidity and particularly increases the risk of Parkinsons Disease (PD) in later life. Although the gut-immune-brain axis was proposed as a link between IBD and PD and a driver of PD immunopathogenesis, the regional pattern and single-cell landscape of the brain immune response during colitis and its contribution to PD pathology remain poorly defined. Here, we observe a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of adult mice with chronic colitis. By confocal microscopy and integrated multi-omics, we reveal a complex midbrain-centered immune response to chronic colitis in comparison to the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Single-cell mapping of the midbrain immune landscape showed an inflammatory shift of microglial clusters including an expansion of interferon-response microglia, CD8+ T cell extravasation, and increased numbers of vessel-associated neutrophils. Selective myeloid cell depletion using a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r) inhibitor after colitis onset reduced midbrain microglia by 67% and led to a complete rescue of dopaminergic neuron loss, without affecting mucosal pathology or T cell and neutrophil migration to the midbrain. Collectively, within the complex innate and adaptive midbrain immune response to chronic colitis, we demonstrate a causal role of Csf1r-dependent microglia for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Thus, Csf1r inhibition in IBD may not locally ameliorate colitis, but provide neuroprotection to dopaminergic neurons. These results reveal a novel cellular link between chronic gut-derived peripheral inflammation and midbrain vulnerability and thereby substantially enhance our understanding of the risk for PD related to the gut-immune-brain axis.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=174 SRC="FIGDIR/small/700559v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kutscherauer, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolzer, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumaier, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedden, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kielkowski, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotemeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prinz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masuda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knobeloch, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothhammer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zundler, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guenther, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suess, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.23.700559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Csf1r-mediated depletion of midbrain microglia prevents dopaminergic neuron loss during chronic colitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sonogenetic control of cardiomyocytes and cardiac pacing using exogenous Transient Receptor Potential A1 channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electronic cardiac pacemakers are the standard of care for treating arrhythmias but, even for wireless pacemakers, they require an intracardiac implant procedure and are invasive. Lead-related complications, including life-threatening infections, and limited suitability in pediatric patients restrict pacemaker use. Biological pacing has emerged as a hardware-free alternative, leveraging cell reprogramming approaches to generate pacemaker-like cardiomyocytes. Despite progress, biological strategies face challenges related to complex signaling pathways, intercellular coupling, durability of effect, efficacy, and safety. In addition, once ion channels or cells are implanted, biological pacemakers offer limited real-time programmability, whereas electronic pacemakers enable continuous adjustment of pacing output based on cardiac performance.

Here we propose a hybrid approach that combines genetic sensitization with external control by exploring the feasibility of sonogenetic cardiac pacing. We express the ultrasound-sensitive ion channel hsTRPA1 in cardiomyocytes and use noninvasive ultrasound to modulate channel activity and cardiac function. Using calcium imaging, we show that hsTRPA1 potentiates ultrasound-evoked responses in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, cardiac expression of hsTRPA1 in mice increases heart rate in response to ultrasound delivered noninvasively through the intact chest, without evidence of a thermal mechanism under the conditions tested. Together, these results establish a proof of concept for sonogenetic cardiac pacing and define an initial acoustic and genetic parameter space compatible with preserving baseline cardiac function. More broadly, this work positions sonogenetics as a minimally invasive, wireless strategy for cardiac rhythm control and motivates future optimization and safety studies toward translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalasani, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friend, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sonogenetic control of cardiomyocytes and cardiac pacing using exogenous Transient Receptor Potential A1 channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BiomarkerKB: FAIR and Integrated Biomarker Knowledge Connecting Biomolecular and Clinical Data Types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomarkers are essential tools for disease detection, risk assessment, therapeutic monitoring, and precision medicine. However, biomarker data are dispersed across heterogeneous resources, inconsistently reported in the literature, and rarely standardized for computational use. This fragmentation limits reproducibility, cross-study integration, and the discovery of novel biomarker and disease relationships. We developed BiomarkerKB, a knowledgebase designed to harmonize and integrate biomarker information under a standardized data model. The model follows the FDA-NIH BEST biomarker definition and captures both core fields (biomarker entity, disease/condition, exposure agent) and contextual metadata (specimen, biomarker role, evidence, provenance). Biomarker data and related annotations were either curated from publications or collected from public resources (e.g., OpenTargets, GWAS Catalog, ClinVar, CIViC, OncoMX) and were also contributed by the Common Fund Data Coordinating Centers and the Early Detection Research Network (EDRN). Standardization was achieved using ontologies and reference resources such as Disease Ontology, UBERON, UniProtKB, and HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) gene symbols. BiomarkerKB data were ingested into a Neo4j-based knowledge graph and integrated with the Common Fund Data Ecosystem (CFDE) Knowledge Graph. The initial release of BiomarkerKB contains over 200,000 biomarker-disease associations spanning genes, proteins, metabolites, glycans, and chemical elements. The knowledge graph comprises more than 300,000 nodes and 1.2 million edges, enabling structured exploration of biomarker relationships within CFDE data as demonstrated through the knowledge graph query-based use cases presented in this study. A publicly accessible web portal (https://biomarkerkb.org) provides keyword search, filtering, data downloads, and access to graph visualization to support both researchers and computational analyses. BiomarkerKB addresses a critical gap in biomarker informatics by providing an integrated, FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable), and unified framework for biomarker knowledge exploration and discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masood, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahsay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeeley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natale, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bologa, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeNapoli, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzger, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evangelista, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sepulveda, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma'ayan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverstein, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crichton, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahabal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lambert, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiemeyer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranzinger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumder, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BiomarkerKB: FAIR and Integrated Biomarker Knowledge Connecting Biomolecular and Clinical Data Types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient and scalable Python implementation of ANCOM-BC for omics differential abundance testing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ANCOM-BC (Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction) is a critical algorithm for differential abundance analysis. Designed for handling compositional data, it features the ability to estimate the unknown sampling fractions and correct the bias induced by their differences. While the original R package is robust for standard dataset sizes, the increasing magnitude of modern multi-omics studies presents computational challenges, often resulting in runtime bottleneck for high-dimensional data. Here, we present a native Python implementation of ANCOM-BC in the scikit-bio package that significantly accelerates the workflow, enabling its application to large-scale datasets. By leveraging the vectorization with NumPy and numerical optimization in SciPy, we enhanced the efficiency without compromising the statistical accuracy of the method. The benchmarking results revealed a dramatic increase in performance in both simulated and real datasets. We demonstrated that our Python implementation generates test results that match the original R package, while achieving a 100-fold acceleration in runtime and an 87% reduction in memory consumption. This new implementation allows for the analysis of datasets that are significantly larger than previously possible, and enables applications to alternative omics data types and complex statistical models that vary greatly by the number of samples, features, and covariates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient and scalable Python implementation of ANCOM-BC for omics differential abundance testing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics reveals brain-wide circadian disruption in an Alzheimer's disease model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.26.701799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diurnal rhythms in brain transcription align neural, immune, and metabolic processes with the light-dark cycle and are profoundly disrupted in Alzheimers disease (AD). However, the regional organization of diurnal transcription in the healthy and diseased brain remains poorly defined. Using large-scale spatial transcriptomics, we mapped 24-hour rhythmic transcription across cortical and subcortical regions of the mouse brain. We identified marked regional differences in rhythmicity, including distinct oscillatory signatures across cortical areas and along the rostro-caudal axis. In the APP23 mouse model of AD, pathology-vulnerable brain regions exhibited early, region-specific disruption of diurnal transcription prior to substantial amyloid plaque deposition. These findings reveal a spatially organized architecture of brain diurnal rhythms and identify early rhythmic dysregulation as a feature of Alzheimers disease pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gelber, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrows, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittaker, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desplats, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.26.701799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics reveals brain-wide circadian disruption in an Alzheimer's disease model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Community Curation of Microbial Metabolites Enables Biological Insights of Metabolomics Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial metabolites play a critical role in regulating ecosystems, including the human body and its microbiota. However, understanding the physiologically relevant role of these molecules, especially through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics, poses significant challenges and often requires manual parsing of a large amount of literature, databases, and webpages. To address this gap, we established the Collaborative Microbial Metabolite Center knowledgebase (CMMC-KB), a platform that fosters collaborative efforts within the scientific community to curate knowledge about microbial metabolites. The CMMC-KB aims to collect comprehensive information about microbial molecules originating from microbial biosynthesis, drug metabolism, exposure-related molecules, food, host-derived molecules, and, whenever available, their known activities. Molecules from other sources, including host-produced, dietary, and pharmaceutical compounds, are also included. By enabling direct integration of this knowledgebase with downstream analytical tools, including molecular networking, we can deepen insights into microbiota and their metabolites, ultimately advancing our understanding of microbial ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves Nunes, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Oliveira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portal Gomes, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agongo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avalon, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cancelada, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevrette, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cumsille, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Araujo, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Graeve, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donia, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzveta, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garg, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gouda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamany Djande, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiskia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliakopoulou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iudicello, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jarmusch, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaloudis, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koester, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konkel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koolen, H. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Rosa, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamichhane, S</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Community Curation of Microbial Metabolites Enables Biological Insights of Metabolomics Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.700738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SUMO2 Deletion Changes Chromatin Accessibility and Enhances Cytotoxic T Cell Activation and Tumor Infiltration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.700738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) are crucial for adaptive immunity that leads to prolonged survival and potential cures for cancer. Recent clinical data has shown that pharmacological inhibition of SUMOylation (SUMOi) profoundly modifies tumor microenvironment (TME) and activates CTL, although the mechanism is not well described. In this study, we found that T cell specific knock out (KO) of the most dominant SUMO paralog, Sumo2/SUMO2, in both mouse and human CD8+ T cells significantly enhanced CD8+ T cell activation that is independent of the known mechanism - inducing type I IFN (IFN-I) expression by myeloid cells. Sumo2/SUMO2 KO in CD8+ T cells increased chromatin accessibility for transcription factors BATF, JunB, ATF3, FRA1, FRA2, and AP1 that are known to promote T cell activation and proliferation. Using antigen-specific T cell models, OT1 and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells, we found that Sumo2 KO CD8+ T cells had significantly higher tumor infiltration as revealed by flow cytometry, immuno-fluorescence (IF) staining, and single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and conferred greater tumor growth inhibition than wildtype (WT) control T cells. snRNA-seq also revealed Sumo2 KO CD8+ T cells increased the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL), induced apoptosis genes in tumor cells and activated IFN-I and IFN-{gamma} responsive genes in all cell types in the TME. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism regarding how SUMOylation can directly control CTL activation and tumor infiltration that activate anti-tumor immunity in the TME. SUMO2 KO can also be a potential strategy to enhance adoptive T cell therapies of solid tumors by enhancing their activity, tumor infiltration and their ability to after the TME.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Don, N. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amaral, M. L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilakapati, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenberger, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.700738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SUMO2 Deletion Changes Chromatin Accessibility and Enhances Cytotoxic T Cell Activation and Tumor Infiltration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702385v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Single-Cell and Spatial 3D Multi-omic Atlas of Developing Human Basal Ganglia and Inhibitory Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702385v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human basal ganglia (BG), subcortical nuclei fundamental to motor regulation and cognitive modulation, is constructed from neurons produced during gestation in the adjacent ganglionic eminences (GEs). GEs are transient structures in the ventral prenatal brain that also generate GABAergic inhibitory neurons which migrate to destinations in the BG, cortex and other destinations. This study aims to elucidate the epigenomic and 3D-genomic dynamics involved in the specification and maturation of GEs and GE-derived neurons, using single-nucleus methyl-3C sequencing (snm3C-seq), highly-multiplexed spatial transcriptomics, and chromatin+RNA single-molecule imaging. Our multi-modal data support a heterogeneous temporal progression across GE subregions, with the lateral GE (LGE) showing declining neurogenic activity in mid-gestation and caudal GE (CGE) exhibiting ongoing developmental progression through infancy. We identified regulatory programs that specify subtypes of BG principal cells, medium spiny neurons (MSN), via synchronized maturation of the 3D-epigenome. In infant brains, we found a transient short-range enriched (SE) chromatin conformation during the transition between oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (ODCs), and a temporary shift toward Long-range Enriched (LE) chromatin conformation in projection neurons, extending previous works showing the differentiation of neurons and glial cells is associated with permanent SE and LE conformation, respectively. Lastly, we found that gene regulatory regions active in MSNs were enriched in loci associated with genetic risk for neuropsychiatric disease. Our study delineates the highly complex, lineage-specific 3D genomic dynamics in ventral progenitors and basal ganglia populations of the perinatal human brain.

HighlightsO_LIJoint 3D genome and DNA methylome analysis of ventral brain progenitor zones
C_LIO_LIHeterogeneous developmental progressions of the ganglionic eminences
C_LIO_LIDistinct development dynamics and regulatory landscape of MSNs and interneurons
C_LIO_LITransient remodeling of the 3D-genome in neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heffel, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pastor-Alonso, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baig, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irfan Ghoor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Behren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhade, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandoval, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scholes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Codrea, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calimlim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flint, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cotter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasaniuc, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paredes, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702385</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Single-Cell and Spatial 3D Multi-omic Atlas of Developing Human Basal Ganglia and Inhibitory Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.702025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high fermentable fiber Western diet reduces indole levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.27.702025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in gut microbiota composition due to diet impact health. Fiber-rich diets promote beneficial microbiota and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases, while low-fiber, calorie-dense diets are linked to dysbiosis and increased disease risk. This study examines the effects of a Western diet (WD) and explores dietary fiber supplements as potential modifiers of those effects. 10-week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were fed control (low-fat) or WD (high-fat, high-sucrose) containing 0% fermentable fiber (FF) or WD supplemented with 20% FF (fructooligosaccharides, FOS; guar gum, GG, or pectin, Pec). After 19 weeks, analysis of the cecal metagenome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing, metabolome by untargeted and targeted LC-MS/MS, and tissue RNA and protein expression by RT-PCR and immunoblotting was undertaken. WD-FF reduced metabolic derangements from WD while also improving GM diversity and altering cecal metabolites, particularly tryptophan metabolism. A profound increase in cecal indole levels (targeted metabolomics) was noted in WD vs WD-FF groups. As the primary indole-oxidizing enzyme, CYP2E1 generates indoxyl sulfate, which contributes to oxidative stress and a leaky gut. Mice on WD displayed higher expression of Cyp2e1 mRNA in the gut. In the liver, the levels of both CYP2E1 protein and mRNA were higher in the WD group compared to the WD-FOS group, with protein levels also higher than in the WD-Pec group and mRNA levels higher than in the WD-GG group. mRNA expression of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and leaky barrier was significantly higher in the liver and intestine of the WD vs the WD-FF groups. FFs reduced high plasma indoxyl sulfate levels (except in WD-GG), and boosted short-chain fatty acids and indole acetic acid. Our data suggest that WD disrupts GM tryptophan metabolism, possibly by altering the balance between indole-producing and utilizing gut bacteria. Dietary fiber supplementation exerts protective effects, in part, by mitigating this imbalance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Priyadarshini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stauffer, S. R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Issa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nnyamah, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyett, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kular, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mhatre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brahambhatt, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wicksteed, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layden, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.27.702025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high fermentable fiber Western diet reduces indole levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial MRG15 Is a Mechanosensitive Suppressor of Atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disturbed blood flow induces early endothelial inflammation in atherosclerosis, yet the precise mechanisms of endothelial sensing of disturbed flow remain incompletely understood. In this study, we integrated proteomic profiling of human endothelial cells (ECs) subjected to disturbed flow with coronary artery disease risk related genes from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We identified mortality factor 4-like protein 1 (MORF4L1, also called MRG15) as a critical modulator in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis induced by disturbed flow. We show that the expression of MRG15 is markedly reduced in ECs of human aortic atherosclerotic plaques, as well as in ECs exposed to disturbed flow in mouse carotid artery and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endothelial-specific deletion of Mrg15 significantly worsened, while its overexpression attenuated endothelial inflammation and atherosclerotic lesions in turbulent blood flow- or Western diet-induced mouse atherosclerosis model. Single-cell transcriptomics showed that Mrg15 deficiency increased endothelial inflammation and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam1) expression, and enhanced integrin-mediated adhesion pathways. Mechanistically, MRG15 facilitated the recruitment of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to maintain repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks on the promoters of ICAM1 and integrin subunit alpha 5 (ITGA5). Disturbed blood flow rapidly led to an elevation of protein neddylation, which subsequently induced neddylation-dependent degradation of MRG15 within endothelial cells. This degradation of MRG15 alleviated the transcriptional repression of ICAM1 and ITGA5, thereby enhancing monocyte adhesion to ECs. These findings highlight endothelial MRG15 as a mechanosensitive suppressor of atherosclerosis induced by disturbed flow. Consequently, MRG15 emerges as a promising novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shyy, J. Y.- J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osto, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial MRG15 Is a Mechanosensitive Suppressor of Atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.701242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flexibility of cell fates and functions across sex determination systems revealed by comparative single-cell analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.701242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex determination in vertebrates can be initiated by a wide range of genetic or environmental triggers. Yet, the degree to which gonadal cell types and genetic programs are conserved remains unresolved. Here we employed single-cell transcriptomics to characterize the temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) program in gonads from the turtle species Trachemys scripta. Comparative analyses against species with genetic sex determination, like mouse (XY) and chicken (ZW), revealed a marked divergence in cell type repertoires and functions during vertebrate evolution. Unlike mammals, fetal Leydig cells are absent from the early gonads of T. scripta, where the supporting lineage expresses genes required for androgen synthesis. Evolutionary reconstructions show that this lineage derives from a Pax2-positive mesenchymal population, suggesting an ancestral condition in Archelosauria that differs from the primarily coelomic epithelium origin in the mammalian clade. Transcriptional dynamics and co-expression analyses revealed the recruitment of lineage-specific transcription factors, including Twist1 or Runx1, into the genetic programs of vertebrate clades. Our findings reveal extensive plasticity of the cellular and genetic mechanisms of vertebrate sex determination and suggest that this flexibility is a key feature of gonadal evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acemel, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tezak, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, V. W. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albertson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupianez, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.701242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flexibility of cell fates and functions across sex determination systems revealed by comparative single-cell analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Integrated Single-Cell and Epigenomic Resource for Comparative Analysis of the Basal Ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia regulate motor, cognitive, and affective behaviors, and their dysfunction underlies diverse neurological and psychiatric disorders. Comprehensive, accessible multi-omics resources are needed to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing basal ganglia cell types. Here we present an open, interactive web-based platform for exploring single-cell multi-omics datasets from basal ganglia, generated using 10X Multiome, snm3C-seq, and Paired-Tag technologies from the BICAN (NIH BRAIN Initiative Cell Atlas Network) consortium. The platform is available at https://basalganglia.epigenomes.net/ and enables integrated visualization of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin conformation across cell types and human, macaque, marmoset, and mouse species, with direct genome browser support and comparative epigenomic functionality. Representative analyses demonstrate cell-type-specific regulatory landscapes, conserved and species-specific regulatory elements, and links between epigenomic regulation and transcription. This resource provides a scalable, community-oriented foundation for advancing basal ganglia biology and interpreting regulatory mechanisms relevant to brain function and disease.

HighlightsO_LIIntegrated single-cell epigenomic resource for basal ganglia
C_LIO_LIInteractive genome browser enables multi-omics and cross-species exploration
C_LIO_LIReveals cell-type-specific and species-specific regulatory landscapes
C_LIO_LISupports community access to complex brain epigenomic datasets
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollenkopf, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakken, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lein, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrylycz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Integrated Single-Cell and Epigenomic Resource for Comparative Analysis of the Basal Ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural representations of dynamic social interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans effortlessly learn attributes of other individuals and their complex web of connections through navigating the social world1,2. Yet, the neural mechanisms that transform these transient interactions into structured, multidimensional knowledge remain unknown3,4. Here, using a naturalistic fMRI paradigm5, we develop a computational framework to demonstrate how the human brain factorizes and integrates dynamic social interactions to construct multiplex social graphs. This approach not only predicts neural responses during movie-viewing but also allows for the reconstruction of subjective social cognitive maps directly from brain activity. Crucially, the relational geometry of these reconstructed maps accurately predicts inferred personality traits, indicating that relational and trait knowledge emerge from a shared neural representation reflecting interactional dynamics. These findings reveal an organizing computational principle by which the brain transforms dynamic social experiences into structured cognitive maps6, providing a key mechanism for the emergence of multiplex social knowledge in the human mind.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.703160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural representations of dynamic social interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.699492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Forward Programming Identifies Inducers of Blood-Brain Barrier Properties in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.699492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintain brain homeostasis through specialized properties such as tight junctions, efflux transporters, and low levels of transcytosis. However, mechanisms governing induction of BBB properties during development remain poorly understood. We mined single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to identify transcription factors (TFs) critical for BBB development. Forty-four TFs were overexpressed in human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells cultured in the presence of the Wnt pathway agonist CHIR99021 to identify TFs capable of directing acquisition of BBB properties via forward programming. Individual TFs, including KLF2, KLF4, FOXF1, FOXF2, ZIC2, ZIC3, NR4A1, NR4A2, FOXC1, and FOXQ1, induced distinct BBB-like gene expression patterns. Combinations of these TFs induced many canonical BBB genes, yielding ECs with reduced endocytosis, increased efflux activity, and improved barrier function. The resultant forward programmed CNS-like ECs (fpCECs) offer promising tools for modeling human BBB development and neurovascular disease and for drug screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tamhankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaghoobi Hashjin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutom, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palecek, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shusta, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.699492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Forward Programming Identifies Inducers of Blood-Brain Barrier Properties in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703166v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell Atlas of Transcription and Chromatin States Reveals Regulatory Programs in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703166v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Directly measuring chromatin states alongside transcription is essential for understanding how cell-type-specific regulatory programs are established and maintained in the adult human brain. We present a large-scale single-cell multimodal atlas generated by jointly profiling transcriptome with active (H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3) histone modifications across 18 brain regions. We profile >750,000 nuclei spanning 160 cell types and integrate these data with chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, 3D genome architecture, and spatial transcriptome. This framework annotates >500,000 regulatory elements and resolves cell-type-specific chromatin states. We link enhancers to target genes, infer gene regulatory networks, and classify chromatin interactions, revealing neuron-enriched long-range Polycomb repression of developmental genes. Integrating these maps with GWAS data and sequence-based model prioritizes noncoding variants, effector genes, and vulnerable cell types for neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, cross-species comparisons show conserved activation but more divergent repression. Together, this study provides a functional reference for interpreting noncoding variants, epigenetic memory, and brain organization.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIJoint single-cell profiling of transcriptomes with active or repressive histone modification in >750,000 nuclei across adult human brain.
C_LIO_LIChromatin state annotation of >500,000 candidate cis-regulatory elements distinguishes active enhancers from accessible and Polycomb-repressed regions.
C_LIO_LICell-type-resolved regulatory networks and sequence-based deep learning model prioritize functional neuropsychiatric risk variants.
C_LIO_LISpatial epigenomic imputation reveals laminar layer-specific Polycomb repression programs.
C_LIO_LIIntegration with 3D genome architecture reveals neuron-specific super long-range chromatin loops silencing early developmental genes.
C_LIO_LIEvolutionary analysis uncovers conserved active regulatory grammar but divergent repressive landscape.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghadami, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osteen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodge, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703166</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell Atlas of Transcription and Chromatin States Reveals Regulatory Programs in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.702459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous optimization of lignocellulosic sugar catabolism via systematic laboratory evolution in dynamic conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.702459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient co-utilization of hexose and pentose sugars from lignocellulose is essential for microbial production of bio-based chemicals, yet engineered non-native catabolic pathways can be suboptimal and evolutionarily unstable in complex resource environments. We used a Pseudomonas putida strain, previously engineered to catabolize xylose and arabinose to examine how resource abundance, temporal availability, and sub-culturing criteria shape evolutionary outcomes. Using an automated adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) platform, we evolved the strain under static conditions with single selection pressures and dynamic regimes that imposed selection pressures on multiple sugars. These environments drove divergence between catabolic specialists and generalists. While selection regimes with weak or absent selection for xylose frequently resulted in loss of xylose catabolism, evolution under carbon-limited, mixed-sugar environments promoted stable retention and coordinated optimization of multiple catabolic pathways, increasing total sugar consumption in mixed-sugar conditions. Genomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses showed that evolutionary stability was determined by pathway-specific fitness costs, leading to either pathway loss or cost-reducing refinement, depending on selection strength. An isolated generalist clone also exhibited improved indigoidine production from mixed sugars when compared to the parental strain. Together, these findings link resource dynamics to fitness landscapes that determine catabolic specialization, generalization, evolutionary trade-offs, and applicability to bioconversion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton-Baker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladden, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guss, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckham, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.702459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous optimization of lignocellulosic sugar catabolism via systematic laboratory evolution in dynamic conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The CD8 immgenT framework as a universal reference of mouse CD8 Tαβ cell differentiation states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.02.703365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse CD8 T cell differentiation has been studied extensively in models of infections and cancer, yet no unified framework spans the full spectrum of immunological contexts. We present the CD8 immgenT framework, integrating >200,000 single-cell transcriptomes and 128-plex surface proteomes from 734 samples spanning multiple perturbations, tissues, and timepoints. Unbiased analysis identifies 21 states encompassing naive, effector, circulating memory, tissue-resident memory, progenitor-exhausted, and terminally-exhausted compartments, among others. These states re-emerge with striking molecular convergence across acute/chronic infections, cancer, autoimmunity, aging, and homeostasis, showing that near-identical transcriptional programs support protective or dysfunctional outcomes depending on developmental history and microenvironment. Classic archetypes map to discrete clusters but exhibit unappreciated heterogeneity and overlap, cautioning against rigid nomenclature. We provide validated combinatorial markers, flow cytometry gating strategies, and immgenT reference-based integration for reproducible annotation of new datasets. This universal coordinate system harmonizes fragmented CD8 T cell literature and clarifies relationships across diverse immune challenges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Globig, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreiro, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heim, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borys, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patravali, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scharping, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takehara, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinkawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spranger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behar, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaech, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemmour, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ImmgenT Project,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.02.703365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The CD8 immgenT framework as a universal reference of mouse CD8 Tαβ cell differentiation states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703609v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid optogenetic manipulation of autophagy reveals that the nuclear pore complex is a robust autophagy substrate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703609v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autophagy, a conserved recycling process, manages intracellular quality control to mitigate stress. To determine the rapid effects of autophagy perturbation, we developed the first optogenetic tool to rapidly inhibit autophagy, termed ASAP. Our approach selectively inhibits autophagy within 5 minutes, providing a precise and dynamic approach to study autophagy regulation. Proteomic profiling with ASAP revealed the most tightly regulated autophagy substrates along with novel, previously unidentified substrates, including nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins. Interestingly, autophagy regulates quality control of incomplete NPCs still in the cytoplasm via specific LC3-interacting regions (LIRs), sparing NPCs embedded in the nuclear envelope. Upon rapid autophagy inhibition, incomplete NPCs accumulate and instead of undergoing autophagic degradation, cytoplasmic NPCs aggregate in processing bodies. Using ASAP, we demonstrate rapid and specific inhibition of autophagy, revealing that the nuclear pore complex is a tightly regulated autophagy substrate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mondal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyril, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamriev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parham, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wierzbicki, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DAngelo, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Towers, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703609</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid optogenetic manipulation of autophagy reveals that the nuclear pore complex is a robust autophagy substrate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Multiome Analysis of Chromatin State and Transcriptome in the Human Basal Ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia play essential roles in motor control, emotion, learning and reward processing. Their dysfunction contributes to many neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the gene regulatory programs defining basal ganglia cell-type identity and function remain poorly understood, limiting interpretation of disease-associated non-coding variants. Here, we present the first single-cell multiome atlas of histone modifications and transcriptomes across eight basal ganglia regions from neurotypical adult human donors. Joint profiling reveals cell-type-specific deployment of active and repressive cis-regulatory elements and gene regulatory networks, and suggests a combinatorial homeobox transcription factor code underlying cell identity. Integration with matched spatial transcriptomic MERFISH data uncovers regional heterogeneity of epigenomic landscapes. Comparative analysis between human and mouse medium spiny neurons uncovers conservation of core gene regulatory features. This atlas interprets non-coding risk variants of neuropsychiatric disorders and supports the development of a deep learning model to predict gene regulation and functional effects of disease-associated variants.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIJoint single-cell profiling of transcriptomes and three histone modifications across eight human basal ganglia regions characterizes active and repressive chromatin states at cell-type resolution.
C_LIO_LICell-type-specific gene regulatory programs decode combinatorial homeobox TF grammar governing the identity and diversification of basal ganglia neurons.
C_LIO_LIIntergrative analyses link noncoding neuropsychiatric risk variants to specific cell types, regulatory elements, and candidate target genes.
C_LIO_LIA sequence-to-function deep-learning model predicts gene regulation from DNA sequence and prioritizes functional disease-associated variants.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Indralingam, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olness, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osgood, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemke, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Multiome Analysis of Chromatin State and Transcriptome in the Human Basal Ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.05.704079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Active gaze behavior organizes V1 activity in freely-moving marmosets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.05.704079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human and nonhuman primates rely heavily on vision to actively explore and navigate their environment. Although primate visual cortex has been studied extensively in head-fixed animals, little is known about how the primate visual system supports natural, active vision in freely moving animals. Here, we address this gap in the primary visual cortex (V1) by leveraging a head-mounted eye-tracking system while simultaneously recording the activity of ensembles of single V1 neurons in freely moving marmosets. Our results reveal that primate neural activity is tightly driven by visual input and organized by the temporal structure of natural gaze behavior, and these gaze-related responses are largely abolished in the absence of visual input. We further show that distinct phases of gaze movement, i.e. rapid redirection (gaze shift) and subsequent stabilization (fixation), engage separable suppression and enhancement of the V1 responses. The enhancement during fixation was clearly linked to visual input. These findings define the dynamics in V1 that link natural gaze behavior and stimulus-driven responses in freely moving primates. The work opens a previously inaccessible but fundamental regime of primate vision and establishes freely moving paradigms as a foundation for understanding real-world visual processing during ethologically relevant behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huk, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.05.704079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Active gaze behavior organizes V1 activity in freely-moving marmosets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.05.703862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of caveolin-driven membrane bending 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.05.703862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caveolins are monotopic membrane proteins essential for caveolae formation and have key roles in signaling and lipid regulation. Caveolins assemble into amphipathic discs with a central {beta}-barrel, an architecture distinct from other membrane-remodeling proteins. These discs embed in the membrane inducing membrane curvature. However, the mechanism of disc-driven bending remains unresolved. Using cryo-electron tomography, structure-guided mutagenesis, and mammalian cell studies, we show that evolutionarily distinct caveolins differ dramatically in their ability to curve membranes despite their conserved architecture. Through computational and theoretical analyses, we demonstrate that patterning of hydrophobic residues along the rim of the disc of human Caveolin-1 induces the deformation of the surrounding leaflet, dictating membrane bending. Finally, we determine a 4.1[A] resolution structure of Caveolin-1 within heterologous caveolae in situ, showing the disc adopts a funnel-like conformation, further shaping membrane architecture. Together, these findings reveal fundamental structural principles that empower caveolins to sculpt and remodel cellular membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Connelly, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brant, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medford, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tidwell, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doktorova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenworthy, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosalaganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohi, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.05.703862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of caveolin-driven membrane bending]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.702961v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly Sensitive Chemigenetic FRET-Based Kinase Biosensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.702961v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fluorescent protein-based biosensors have transformed the study of cell physiology and pathology by enabling direct, live-cell measurements of biochemical activities with spatiotemporal precision. FRET-based biosensors offer a quantitative and well-defined readout mechanism popular among researchers, but have struggled to break free of characteristically low dynamic ranges and overall dependence on the cyan-yellow spectral region. Chemigenetic approaches that combine synthetic fluorophores with self-labeling protein tags represent an attractive solution to these longstanding constraints. Here, we pair different fluorescent protein donors with a HaloTag acceptor conjugated to a far-red fluorophore to obtain a suite of highly sensitive, chemigenetic FRET-based kinase activity biosensors with red-shifted emission and unprecedented dynamic range. We demonstrate the generalizability of this chemigenetic platform by developing biosensors for multiple kinases, as well as small GTPases and second messengers, all while maintaining high sensitivity. The high sensitivity and spectral tunability of these chemigenetic tools enabled us to perform robust multiplexed activity imaging of receptor-mediated signaling networks to quantitatively map isoform-specific coupling by GPCRs, as well as clear visualization of kinase activity in acute brain slices via two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging. Our chemigenetic sensor toolkit thus provides the sensitivity and dimensionality needed to illuminate the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks in cells and tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berriman-Rozen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frei, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.702961</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly Sensitive Chemigenetic FRET-Based Kinase Biosensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A time-calibrated phylogeny of hummingbirds supports stepwise diversification in the Andes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hummingbirds (Trochilidae) represent the second largest avian family, with [~]356 species occupying diverse habitats across the Neotropical and Nearctic regions. Their extensive diversification includes notable adaptations to extreme environments, with nearly one-third of extant taxa belonging to the predominantly high-altitude Coquettes and Brilliants. Although recent work proposed a monophyletic Andean clade uniting these groups, consistent with rapid radiation during Andean orogeny, we find no support for this relationship. Using 2,949 nuclear loci sampled from 47 species spanning all nine major hummingbird clades, we recover a different evolutionary pattern: a stepwise sequence of diversification in which Brilliants are sister to a broader assemblage comprising Coquettes, the genus Patagona, Emeralds, Mountain Gems, and the recently diverged Bees. By assembling complete mitochondrial genomes, we additionally detect significant discordance between nuclear topologies and those derived from the mitogenome and Z chromosome. Analyses of gene-tree heterogeneity show that incomplete lineage sorting is pervasive across the phylogeny, with particularly strong impacts on branches associated with Andean diversification. Divergence-time estimation further indicates that the major Andean radiation--including Brilliants, Coquettes, Emeralds, Bees, and Mountain Gems--originated around [~]14 Ma, with the three younger clades diversifying [~]12 Ma, coinciding with both the mid-Miocene Andean uplift and the mid-Miocene Climate Transition that increased habitat heterogeneity and likely promoted rapid speciation. To support future phylogenomic efforts, we identify a reduced set of highly informative, independent protein-coding loci and present a near-complete species-level phylogeny constrained by our autosomal backbone. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating loci with distinct inheritance modes to detect and interpret phylogenetic incongruence in rapid radiations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>da Fonseca, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, G. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirarab, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkelmann, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claramunt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaniego Castruita, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penaloza, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escalona, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanz Moreta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albrechtsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warnow, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fjeldsa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, M. T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahbek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.704360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A time-calibrated phylogeny of hummingbirds supports stepwise diversification in the Andes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anaerobic methane oxidation by ANME-2a at two molar chloride in Orca Basin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anaerobic methane oxidation, typically mediated by consortia of archaea and bacteria, is a key process in the global methane cycle, but little is known about its upper salinity limits. We characterized the microbial methane cycle in the anoxic, hypersaline Orca Basin using metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and geochemical measurements at sub-meter resolution. In the brine, we detected transcriptional activity of the halophilic methylotrophic methanogen Methanohalophilus, consistent with a biological source for Orca Basin methane. In the particle-rich halocline ([~]2 M Cl-; [~]2235 meters depth), high mcrA transcription by a novel ANME-2a taxon was co-located with a positive shift in {delta}13C-CH4 indicative of anaerobic oxidation of methane. ANME-2a also transcribed genes for biosynthesis of the osmolyte N({varepsilon})-acetyl-{beta}-L-lysine, indicating adaptation for hypersaline conditions. At the same depth, consortia of sarcina-like archaea, likely ANME-2a, were observed in association with vibrioid and filamentous bacteria, potentially members of a halotolerant genus in the order Desulfobulbales (family SURF-16, which includes the previously identified ANME partner Seep-DBB) that were active at the same depth. At and above the oxic-anoxic interface, aerobic methane oxidation appears to be mediated by three genera of uncultivated Methylococcales bacteria. Our results double the upper salinity range of ANME-2a to [~]2 M Cl- and reveal the key microbial players in the methane bio-filter between the Orca Basin brine and overlying seawater.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adepoju, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKaig, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salcedo, R. S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buessecker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skoog, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbon, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paris, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desmarais, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sephus, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozarycki, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegelein, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quartini, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schartup, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingall, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murali, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raven, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekas, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anaerobic methane oxidation by ANME-2a at two molar chloride in Orca Basin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704519v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolic Perturbation Exacerbates Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704519v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 6.2 million people in the United States, with a 5-year mortality exceeding 50%. Bradyarrhythmia, a known complication in HF due to sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction (SAND), increases the morbidity and mortality of HF patients. Insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of SAND in HF could therefore uncover vital therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes. The SAN cells are endowed with a dense mitochondrial network crucial for sustaining their pacemaking function on a beat-to-beat basis. We have previously demonstrated significant disruptions in the mitochondrial-sarcoplasmic reticulum connectomics, resulting in abnormal mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and impaired mitochondrial function in HF. Here, we hypothesize that the metabolic perturbation is one of the critical mechanisms underlying SAND. To this end, we took advantage of a multi-omics approach combined with ultra-resolution imaging and functional analyses to decipher the metabolic shift that transpires in the HF SAN. Our findings revealed significant metabolic remodeling within the SAN mitochondria in HF, with a diminished reliance on fatty acid {beta}-oxidation, enhanced utilization of ketone bodies, and heightened dependence on carbohydrate catabolism. Notably, metabolomics analyses identified the pronounced increase of glucosylceramides and ceramides as one of the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. We directly test this hypothesis and demonstrate that ceramides induce a dose-dependent metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Importantly, these alterations lead to a significant impairment in SAN automaticity in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the findings support the notion that ceramides are not only markers of metabolic derangement, but also active mediators of mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction in the SAN. Overall, the study provides evidence that ceramides may be a potential therapeutic target for mitigating SAND in HF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diloretto, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caudal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woltz, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, R. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigorean, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamoah, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiamvimonvat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thai, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.704519</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolic Perturbation Exacerbates Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction in Heart Failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.07.704095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-Brain Co-Mapping of Gene Expression and NeuronalActivity at Cellular Resolution in Behaving Zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.07.704095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains capabilities rely on both the molecular properties of individual cells and their interactions across brain-wide networks. However, relating gene expression to activity in individual neurons across the entire brain remains elusive. Here we developed an experimental-computational platform, WARP, for whole-brain imaging of neuronal activity during behavior, expansion-assisted spatial transcriptomics, and cellular-level registration of these two modalities. Through joint analysis of whole-brain neuronal activity during multiple behaviors, cellular gene expression, and anatomy, we identified functions of molecularly defined populations--including luminance coding in a cckb-pou4f2 midbrain population and task-structured activity in pvalb7-eomesa hippocampal-like neurons--and defined over 2,000 other function-gene-anatomy subpopulations. Analysis of this unprecedented multimodal dataset also revealed that most gene-matched neurons showed stronger activity correlations, highlighting a brain-wide role for gene expression in functional organization. WARP establishes a foundational platform and open-access dataset for cross-experiment discovery, high-throughput function-to-gene mapping, unification of cell biology and systems neuroscience, and scalable circuit modeling at the whole-brain scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marquez Legorreta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleishman, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesselink, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eddison, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smeets, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stringer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narayan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mensh, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternson, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englitz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tillberg, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahrens, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.07.704095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-Brain Co-Mapping of Gene Expression and NeuronalActivity at Cellular Resolution in Behaving Zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteostasis sustains T cell differentiation potential and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) often fail to restrain tumor growth due to progressive differentiation to an  exhausted state. In healthy tissues, tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) maintain protection for years, and patient tumors that contain TIL with TRM features are associated with better prognosis. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of T cell populations identified proteostasis as a significant factor distinguishing TRM and progenitor-exhausted TIL from terminally-exhausted TIL, including loss of E3 ubiquitin ligases NEURL3, RNF149, and WSB1, with accumulation of unfolded proteins in spite of functional proteasome activity. Enforced expression of these ligases by TIL preserved stem-like TCF1+ populations and improved anti-tumor function, whereas their knockout impaired TIL and altered T cell differentiation in acute infection. Sustained ligase expression rescued accumulation of unfolded proteins in TIL and improved immunotherapy outcome in preclinical models, highlighting the critical role of proteostasis in TIL function and identifying new avenues for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scharping, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matias, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cafferata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heeg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monell, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galletti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rock, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuttleworth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takehara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koss, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldrath, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.08.704716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteostasis sustains T cell differentiation potential and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Existence of Causation without Correlation in Transcriptional Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is commonly assumed that lack of correlation is evidence for lack of causal relationship. Here, however we show that in transcriptional networks, causal linkages can exist in the absence of correlation. We find that a substantial proportion of transcribed genes in yeast and in mouse, show evidence of state-dependent (nonlinear) and temporally coordinated dynamics in their expression patterns (65-77%). Using a test that accommodates this fact, we uncover strong causal relationships that are invisible to correlation-based analyses for both yeast and mouse models. Specifically, for yeast we detect uncorrelated causal relationships for the transcriptional regulators WHI5 and YHP1, and can verify these relationships experimentally. These genes reside at important checkpoints in the cell cycle where multiple signals are integrated at single nodes, giving rise to causal relationships, that despite being uncorrelated, can be accurately detected (71-78%) using a nonlinear causality test.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pao, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyle, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guaderrma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorimer, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonnu, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saberski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wittenberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugihara, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Existence of Causation without Correlation in Transcriptional Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rp-vasa: a bona fide Primordial Germ Cell marker that drives embryonic expression in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rhodnius prolixus is an insect vector of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of debilitating Chagas disease, which is transmitted to humans during blood feeding. Identifying germline markers is a critical step in advancing vector control and transgenic technologies of these medically important insects. Transmission of genetic traits to the next generation requires proper differentiation of the germline that gives rise to gametes. Germline precursors are established during early stages of development as the primordial germ cell (PGC) population. Among the genes required for this process, vasa homologues exert a conserved role in germline specification. Here, we characterize and validate the genomic structure of the R. prolixus Rp-vasa locus and assess its expression during early embryogenesis. We observe widespread Rp-vasa expression in preblastoderm embryos. Later, during the cellular blastoderm and at the beginning of gastrulation, Rp-vasa and Rp-piwi2 expression is restricted to PGCs, morphologically identifiable as a cluster of cells at the posterior of the embryo. We also report, for the first time, the use of R. prolixus regulatory sequences to drive the expression of exogenous genes. We identify the Rp-vasa regulatory region and show that these cis-regulatory sequences are sufficient to drive Cas9 and dsRed expression in the early embryo. Together, these findings demonstrate that Rp-vasa has great potential for use as a PGC marker and as a driver for gene expression in transgenic and gene editing approaches for Triatomine vectors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guedes-Silva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieira, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardoso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bier, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Araujo, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rp-vasa: a bona fide Primordial Germ Cell marker that drives embryonic expression in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compositional decoding of neural activity enhances generalization in handwriting BCIs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in decoding behavior from neural activity. These models are typically trained on a con-strained set of behaviors, which limits their ability to generalize to real-world settings where behavior is variable, complex, and context-dependent. However, many complex behaviors can be decomposed into a set of reusable behavioral motifs, indicating a compositional organization. Here, we analyze human intracortical neural activity underlying attempted handwriting and find signatures of neural compositionality at a finer resolution than individual letters. We further introduce a compositional temporal decoding model, MOtif-based Temporal Inference Framework (MOTIF), that jointly predicts the fine-scale behavioral motifs (e.g., strokes, phonemes) and the longer-timescale behavior class (e.g., characters, words). We show that the compositional structure leveraged by MOTIF enables improved generalization in few-shot learning. Our results demonstrate that explicitly incorporating compositionality into neural decoders can enhance generalization and sample efficiency, while providing a principled approach to designing more scalable, robust, and interpretable BCIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Narasimha, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sristi, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishne, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compositional decoding of neural activity enhances generalization in handwriting BCIs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-expression-based models improve eQTL predictions and highlightnovel transcriptome-wide genes associated with schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-coding genetic variants statistically associated with complex heritability phenotypes are thought to act primarily through transcriptome regulatory mechanisms. Predictions of gene expression in tissue like the human brain traditionally rely primarily on cis-eQTLs. Here, we introduce INGENE and MODULE, trans-eQTLs models designed to enhance the prediction of gene expression by capturing the collective impact of candidate trans-eQTLs acting within co-expression networks. Exploiting RNA-seq data in six post-mortem brain regions (amygdala, caudate nucleus, dorsal/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus), we validate our models on two testing datasets, demonstrating increased gene predictability compared to both an original cis-based model and to EpiXcan, the leading benchmark in cis-model performance. Integration of cis- and trans-predictions significantly improves gene-level expression imputation (MLE = 0.05) for 18,744 genes across the six brain regions considered. Applying cis and trans models to PGC wave 3 genotypes identifies 766 SCZ-associated genes across brain regions (pFDR < .01), emphasizing the complementary nature of cis and trans predictions in trait association discovery. Of these genes, 641 represent novel transcriptome-wide associations with schizophrenia, highlighting the role of trans-heritability and genetic interactions underlying risk for this disorder, in addition to further supporting 125 previous candidates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rossi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sportelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kikidis, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grassi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Camillo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blasi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borcuk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fusco, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinman, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marnetto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rampino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vitiello, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ripke, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belangero, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menezes, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arango, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donovan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corvin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenici, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Os, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atbasoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saka, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Forti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>baune, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pato, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuillin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golimbet, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondratyev, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Escott-Price, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gareeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khusnutdinova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervilla, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent-Levins</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.704353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-expression-based models improve eQTL predictions and highlightnovel transcriptome-wide genes associated with schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PRECISE TBI Model Catalog: Increasing Accessibility and Reproducibility in TBI research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.704562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Preclinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) research relies on experimental models that vary by mechanism, parameters, surgical procedures, species, strains, and ages, to name a few. While these models are crucial for understanding injury mechanisms and testing therapies, the progress in translating this knowledge to the clinic has been limited. This is in part due to fragmented resources and inconsistent reporting of critical variables. Here, we introduce the PRECISE-TBI model catalog, a centralized, queryable resource that consolidates metadata from published studies. The catalog integrates curated annotations from more than 450 papers, including details such as age, sex, strain, model type, device, and injury parameters. Where available, entries are also linked to protocols and datasets to enhance transparency and reproducibility. The Model Catalog serves as a living resource that enables cross-study comparison, identifies gaps in reporting, and connects the literature to datasets, protocols, device information, and other relevant resources. Analysis of the initial catalog entries revealed gaps in the reporting of device, age, and weight. In contrast, the reporting of sex improved over time, with over 90% of recent studies within the catalog papers reporting sex. Strain was also reported in most studies, with consistent reporting of specificity, especially for the C57 mice substrain. We expect the Model Catalog to serve as a valuable tool to enhance study design and reproducibility in preclinical TBI research while advancing FAIR data principles in the TBI field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surles-Zeigler, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sincomb, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martone, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grethe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.704562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PRECISE TBI Model Catalog: Increasing Accessibility and Reproducibility in TBI research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.12.705594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multimodal Single-Cell Epigenomic and 3D Genome Atlas of the Human Basal Ganglia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.12.705594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia are a group of forebrain nuclei critical for motor control and reward processing, and their dysfunction contributes to neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we present the first multimodal single-cell epigenomic atlas of the human basal ganglia across major subregions and cell types. We jointly profiled DNA methylation and 3D chromatin conformation in 197,003 nuclei from eight basal ganglia subregions using multi-omic sequencing (snm3C-seq), and integrated these data with existing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation sequencing datasets to build a unified atlas of 261,331 cells spanning 31 subclasses and 59 groups. This atlas reveals extensive cell-type- and region-specific differential methylation, enriched for distinct transcription factor motifs, and validated by MERFISH spatial transcriptomics, which uncovered epigenetic gradients linked to transcriptional output. Compared to neuronal cells, non-neuronal cells exhibit distinct 3D genome organization including smaller chromatin compartments, increased long-range inter-compartment contacts, shorter loops, and stronger CG hypomethylation in A compartments. We further identified genes that display compartment switches, are strongly correlated with compartment scores, and exhibit differential domain boundaries and chromatin looping across basal ganglia cell types. We identified multiple medium spiny neuron subtypes defined by distinct hypomethylated signature genes, with 3D genome embeddings emphasizing dorsal, ventral, and hybrid populations. By integrating chromatin accessibility and histone modification profiles, we reconstructed cell-type-resolved enhancer-promoter links and gene regulatory networks, providing a comprehensive epigenomic framework for interpreting genetic risk loci and regulatory architecture in the human basal ganglia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baez-Becerra, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rink, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castanon, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nery, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osgood, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acerbo, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barcoma, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russo, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knutson, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willier, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arzavala, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altshul, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soma, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velazquez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenker-Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundaram, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manning, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bikkina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liem, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alt, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kern, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boone, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariharan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.12.705594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multimodal Single-Cell Epigenomic and 3D Genome Atlas of the Human Basal Ganglia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rhomboid protease Rhbdl2 regulates macrophage recruitment and wound regeneration in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tissue regeneration requires tight control of immune cell behavior, yet the mechanisms that restrain immune-driven regenerative responses remain poorly defined. Here, we identify the rhomboid intramembrane serine protease Rhbdl2 as a critical regulator of regeneration in zebrafish. We generated rhbdl2 mutants by CRISPR-Cas9 and found that it does not affect normal development, but triggers enhanced regenerative growth following injury, accompanied by increased macrophage accumulation at the wound site, which is accompanied by increased early apoptosis and proliferation. Proteomic analyses reveal increased Rac2 protein levels in rhbdl2 mutants, indicating dysregulated immune signaling. Functionally, Rac2 morpholino oligonucleotides-mediated knockdown in rhbdl2 mutant larvae suppresses the elevated macrophage recruitment and enhanced tissue regenerative phenotype. Together, these findings uncover Rhbdl2 as an immune checkpoint that constrains macrophage-driven enhanced regeneration, with vast implications for inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and tumor-immune interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gourkanti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramakrishnan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dohnalek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoen, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovett-Barron, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whisenant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strisovsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rhomboid protease Rhbdl2 regulates macrophage recruitment and wound regeneration in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A scalable approach to resolving variants of uncertain significance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over 90% of missense variants across [~]4,000 disease-associated genes are variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Experimental variant effect measurements provide critical evidence about pathogenicity and inform disease biology, but most variants lack data and clinical translation has been limited. The Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium generated experimental data for 62,215 variants across ten genes using multiplexed assays and 1,407 variants across 163 genes using arrayed assays, curated 193,139 additional community-generated variant effect measurements across 30 additional genes, and developed automated calibration methods for translating experimental data and variant effect predictions into clinical evidence. To reduce current VUS, we developed a scalable workflow using only experimental and predictive evidence, enabling reclassification of 75% of the 16,115 VUS in these genes as pathogenic or benign with <1% error. To minimize future VUS, we analyzed >90,000 unobserved variants; 62% had enough evidence to be "preclassified" as pathogenic or benign. We validated our data, evidence and classifications using All of Us and created interactive resources to enable clinical use of the calibrated data. Thus, for 40 genes, representing 1% of the clinical genome, we resolve most existing VUS and future variants, illustrating how systematic use of scalable evidence can empower genomic medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tejura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEwen, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sverchkov, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laval, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeiberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fayer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stone, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casadei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capodanno, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benazouz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heidl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muffley, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hitz, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabdank, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Da, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Best, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grindstaff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhart, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Salas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seid, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandi, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheelock, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pendyala, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosokai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tixhon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reno, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewald, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spirohn-Fitzgerald, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teelucksingh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haghighi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamid, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.14.705848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A scalable approach to resolving variants of uncertain significance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scAmp analyzes focal gene amplifications at single-cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.14.705928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogene amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a common driver of tumor progression and is associated with acquired drug resistance and poor patient survival. While whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies have revealed the landscape of genes amplified on ecDNA in tumors, it remains challenging to study the subclonal heterogeneity and functional (e.g., transcriptomic) consequences of ecDNA on tumors. To address this, we introduce scAmp: a probabilistic algorithm for detecting and analyzing ecDNA from single-cell datasets. We demonstrate scAmps improved accuracy over WGS approaches on well-characterized cell-lines and its applicability to clinical histopathology. We further showcase scAmp by analyzing 73 patient tumors profiled with single-cell ATAC-seq, where we analyze the subclonal evolution of ecDNA+ subclones and identify the effect of ecDNA amplifications on the chromatin accessibility landscape of cancer cells. Together, we anticipate that scAmp will broadly enable further studies - both retrospective and prospective - that dissect critical questions of how ecDNA affect cancer cells and the tumors in which they reside.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gnanasekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howitt, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraft, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amiri, V. V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satpathy, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.14.705928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scAmp analyzes focal gene amplifications at single-cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A haploid wild yeast resource for exploring the natural ecology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Saccharomyces cerevisiae predominantly exists as diploid cells in nature, a life-cycle feature that limits classical genetic analyses of wild populations. Here, we establish a stable haploid strain collection derived from 33 diverse Taiwanese S. cerevisiae isolates through targeted disruption of the HO endonuclease gene. This resource spans predomesticated Asian wild lineages and enables systematic analyses of mating compatibility, reproductive isolation, and ecological trait variation. Although all pairwise hybridizations formed zygotes, many produced low spore viabilities, revealing strong postzygotic barriers. Genome analyses show that reduced hybrid fertility is primarily associated with chromosomal inversions and inter-chromosomal rearrangements rather than sequence divergence, indicating that structural variation maintains lineage separation despite geographic coexistence. Phenotypic profiling uncovered marked ecological differentiation, with the most diverged TW1 lineage favoring cooler growth conditions and a naturally occurring hybrid exhibiting heterosis with expanded thermal tolerance. While most wild strains grew poorly on maltose, two anthropogenically associated strains displayed enhanced maltose utilization linked to functional MAL regulatory alleles and maltose-specific transporters. Together, these findings demonstrate how structural genomic variation and metabolic gene divergence drive ecological and reproductive divergence in wild S. cerevisiae and establish this haploid collection as a platform for studying yeast evolution in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A haploid wild yeast resource for exploring the natural ecology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.705962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Druggable G Protein Checkpoint in Cholesterol Efflux 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.705962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunometabolic diseases such as obesity, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis arise when lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) fail to clear excess lipids. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), the bodys sole macrophage-to-feces lipid-clearance pathway, remains therapeutically inaccessible. By integrating systems modeling with human plaque transcriptomes, we identify LAM subpopulations that drive plaque progression and nominate GIV (CCDC88A) as a molecular brake on RCT. Myeloid-specific GIV deletion reduces aortic plaque burden, mobilizes hepatic and adipose lipids, and restores systemic RCT. Mechanistically, GIV traps the efflux transporter ABCA1 in endomembranes and activates Gi[bullet]{beta}{gamma} to suppress cAMP/PKA-CREB signaling, silencing ABCA1 activity. Genetic or pharmacologic disruption of this checkpoint releases ABCA1 to the membrane, reactivating efflux and reprogramming LAMs toward an anti-atherogenic state. In murine and human plaque-in-a-dish models, targeting the GIV[bullet]Gi-cAMP checkpoint restored efflux where statins and {beta}-blockers failed, reducing modeled plaque-progression risk by [~]98%. Findings establish RCT-restoration as a druggable, macrophage-intrinsic therapeutic paradigm for immunometabolic disease.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=198 SRC="FIGDIR/small/705962v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (64K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b1c85org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ed9f6aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17d153forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fdf47b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG eTOC blurbLipid-associated macrophages drive immunometabolic disease. Katkar et al. show that disabling a GIV-dependent G-protein brake restores cholesterol efflux, reverses plaque lipid accumulation, and establishes reverse cholesterol transport as a druggable therapeutic axis.

HighlightsO_LIStatins slow but rarely reverse plaque burden, leaving residual risk driven by LAM dysfunction
C_LIO_LIGIV (CCDC88A) non-canonically modulates Gi to suppress macrophage cholesterol efflux
C_LIO_LIGIV loss or inhibition restores ABCA1 activity via transcriptional and post-translational control
C_LIO_LIBlocking the GIV[bullet]Gi checkpoint defats LAMs, regresses plaques, and relieves systemic lipid overload
C_LIO_LIIdentifies a druggable node that redefines RCT restoration as a therapeutic paradigm in immunometabolic disease
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estanol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nacayama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukharjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaren, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aviles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castillo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.15.705962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Druggable G Protein Checkpoint in Cholesterol Efflux]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone variant H2A.Z mutant suppresses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular senescence features a durable cell-cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) driven in part by chromatin remodeling. The histone variant H2A.Z plays an essential role in regulating gene expression through modulating nucleosome dynamics and is known to regulate the expression of cell cycle genes during the early stages of cellular senescence. However, how the intrinsic stability of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes plays a role in the establishment of the senescent phenotype remains unexplored. To investigate this, we employed H2A.Z R80C, a H2A.Z mutant that destabilizes nucleosomes by disrupting histone-DNA interactions. We observed that expression of H2A.Z R80C causes suppression of SASP in senescent primary human fibroblasts, without affecting expression of cell cycle genes. H2A.Z knockdown did not suppress the SASP, demonstrating that SASP suppression is likely due to altered stability of H2A.Z-containing nucleosomes rather than loss of H2A.Z function. Mechanistically, SASP suppression is linked to decreased H3K27ac at SASP gene loci. These findings offer a novel avenue for understanding and manipulating the SASP during aging and other senescence-related pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chua, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanaka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abele, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajesh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcos, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cano Macip, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddadin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.706244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone variant H2A.Z mutant suppresses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of the Balance between Concentric and Eccentric Cardiac Hypertrophy by a CDC14A-KMT5A Signaling Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.16.706249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDepending upon the type of pathological stress, the heart undergoes concentric or eccentric remodeling. This structural change is associated with diastolic and/or systolic ventricular dysfunction reflecting differentially altered cardiomyocyte morphology, ultrastructure, metabolism, contractility, and survival, as well as interstitial myocardial fibrosis. Despite an association of both concentric and eccentric remodeling with heart failure and sudden death, the molecular mechanisms resulting in abnormal cardiac geometry remain poorly understood. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms conferring these contrasting forms of remodeling should inform novel approaches to preserve normal cardiac structure and function in cardiovascular disease. The protein phosphatase Cell Division Cycle 14A (CDC14A) and its substrate the lysine methyltransferase KMT5A are identified herein as key regulators of the balance between concentric and eccentric pathological cardiac remodeling.

MethodsThe regulation of adult rat ventricular myocyte morphology by CDC14A and KMT5A was studied in vitro following gain and loss of function by expression of wild-type and mutant proteins and RNA interference (RNAi). Epigenomic regulation by KMT5A was studied by mapping histone 4 lysine 20 mono-methylation (H4K20me1) modified chromatin sites and correlating them with gene transcription. Regulation of pathological cardiac remodeling in vivo was demonstrated by CDC14A and KMT5A RNAi using adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated cardiomyocyte-specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression in mice.

ResultsCDC14A inhibited the growth in width of cultured adult myocytes stimulated by -adrenergic receptor activation or by serum response factor. KMT5A was downregulated by CDC14A in cardiomyocytes and was required for myocyte growth in width. -adrenergic stimulation of KMT5A-dependent H4K20 mono-methylation across transcription units correlated with regulation of gene transcription. Accordingly, AAV-expressed KMT5A shRNA induced eccentric remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in wild-type mice. Conversely, expression of Cdc14A shRNA improved systolic function and cardiac structure and inhibited pathological gene expression in the Tpm1 E54K mouse with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

ConclusionsCDC14A-KMT5A-dependent epigenomic regulation of gene transcription constitutes a molecular switch that determines concentric versus eccentric cardiac remodeling. These findings identify CDC14A as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy and other forms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Clinical PerspectiveO_ST_ABSWhat is newC_ST_ABSO_LIA function is identified for the first time for the protein phosphatase CDC14A in the heart, regulation of cardiomyocyte morphology and overall cardiac geometry in pathological cardiac remodeling.
C_LIO_LIThe lysine methyltransferase KMT5A is shown to mediate the effects of CDC14A in the adult cardiomyocyte by regulating H4K20 mono-methylation, such that reduced KMT5A expression promotes a phenotype resembling Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
C_LIO_LIH4K20me1 epigenomic modification is identified as a regulator of cardiac structure and function.
C_LI

Clinical implicationsO_LICDC14A loss of function experimentation in vivo, resulting in improved cardiac structure and function in a mouse model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy, suggests that CDC14A is a novel therapeutic target for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuelsson, A.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, R. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colombe, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapiloff, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.16.706249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of the Balance between Concentric and Eccentric Cardiac Hypertrophy by a CDC14A-KMT5A Signaling Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potassium-Selective Nanoelectrode Arrays for Single-Cell Profiling of human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Potassium ion (K) dynamics are central to cardiac electrophysiology, with early disruptions in K flux often preceding arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction. However, current sensing technologies, such as patch-clamp, Microelectrode arrays (MEAs), and fluorescent indicators, either lack chemical specificity for K or are unsuitable for long-term, single-cell analysis. Conventional ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), while more selective, are limited by bulk-phase design and poor spatial resolution. To address these limitations, we present KINESIS (K-Ion Nano-Electrode Selective Interface System), a nanofabricated, cell-compliant platform that enables direct, label-free potentiometric measurement of K gradients with subcellular precision. KINESIS features high-aspect-ratio nanopillars coated with a valinomycin-based K recognition membrane, forming a stable, non-invasive interface with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). This architecture allows localized, Nernstian sensing of K efflux or depletion without disrupting cell membranes. Pharmacological validation shows distinct potential shifts in response to caffeine and ouabain. KINESIS thus offers a highly selective, spatially resolved approach for studying K handling in cardiotoxicity screening and patient-specific disease modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meganathan, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banzon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarikhani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reade, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambika Devarajan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tahir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sasi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spain, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potassium-Selective Nanoelectrode Arrays for Single-Cell Profiling of human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.17.706267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Role of Glycan Structures in Modulating GM-CSF Bioactivity: Insights from Glycoengineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.17.706267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a glycoprotein cytokine with therapeutic potential in cancer and neutropenia treatment. While glycosylation of GM-CSF reduces immunogenicity and enhances serum bioavailability, it can also diminish receptor binding and bioactivity. Based on transcriptomic analysis of human T lymphocytes reported previously, GM-CSF-producing cells exhibit elevated expression of Alpha-1,6-Mannosylglycoprotein 6-Beta-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (MGAT5), which encodes N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V, an enzyme involved in N-glycan branching. Given this role of MGAT5 in glycosylation, we produced GM-CSF variants using glycoengineered Chinese hamster ovary cells to generate diverse glycoforms and assessed their bioactivity. Testing their activity on TF-1 cell proliferation, we found that decreases in GM-CSF N-glycan branching significantly suppressed its activity. These findings underscore the importance of glycosylation in modulating the efficacy and safety of GM-CSF-based therapeutics, suggesting that precise glycoengineering may be key to optimizing GM-CSF performance in clinical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cagdas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skovbakke, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agullet, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworkin, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scapin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fremming, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoffhelen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Putkaradze, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voldborg, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grav, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goletz, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.17.706267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Role of Glycan Structures in Modulating GM-CSF Bioactivity: Insights from Glycoengineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Architecture of Addiction-Relevant Behaviors in Outbred Sprague-Dawley Rats Reveals Loci for Anxiety-Like and Nociceptive Traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies have shown that substance use liability is associated with novelty seeking, anxiety-like behavior, and pain sensitivity. We examined whether common genetic variation in outbred Sprague-Dawley rats explained variation in behavioral measures from three assays with established links to substance use: locomotor response to a novel environment, elevated plus maze, and tail flick. We estimated single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability and performed genome-wide association analyses using permutation-derived significance thresholds (N=534-654 rats across traits). Heritability estimates ranged from 0.14-0.38 across eleven traits. Three independent loci were identified: chromosome 1 for elevated plus maze open-arm behavior (=0.05), chromosome 14 for elevated plus maze immobility (=0.10), and chromosome 17 for tail flick latency (=0.05). Candidate genes included Slc18a2, Gfra1, and Pdzd8 (chromosome 1); Rel and Bcl11a (chromosome 14); and Eci2 and Eci3 (chromosome 17). We compared these loci with our genome wide association study of a F2 intercross of selectively bred high- and low-responder rats, originally derived from Sprague-Dawleys, that model individual differences in externalizing and internalizing behavior. The current loci are distinct from the ones identified in the bred lines. This difference likely reflects selection history in the high- and low-responder F2s, which focused on facets of exploratory locomotion, while loci for anxiety and pain sensitivity traits were identified in the outbreds. This highlights the benefit of using both outbred and selectively bred rats to probe causal variants contributing to individual differences in substance use liability. The current outbred findings implicate monoaminergic signaling, transcriptional control, and lipid metabolism as testable mechanisms for addiction-relevant behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chitre, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebda-Bauer, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emery, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polesskaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watson, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.18.706481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Architecture of Addiction-Relevant Behaviors in Outbred Sprague-Dawley Rats Reveals Loci for Anxiety-Like and Nociceptive Traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
pH-dependent allosteric remodeling of a bacterial riboswitch couples alkaline activation to metal sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The widespread yybP-ykoY riboswitches control bacterial manganese (Mn) homeostasis by activating exporter expression in response to intracellular Mn2+ levels. The E. coli alx riboswitch distinctively couples Mn2+ sensing to cytoplasmic alkalinity, but the mechanism is unknown. We show that pH tunes the alx aptamers conformational sampling to modulate Mn2+ sensitivity. Single-molecule FRET reveals that Mn2+ stabilizes a docked three-way-junction conformation, and alkaline pH shifts this equilibrium to sensitize metal-dependent folding. Molecular dynamics simulations identify a loop whose low-pH-induced base pairing perturbs the adjacent helix, predicted to allosterically disrupt the Mn2+-binding state. In vivo reporters indicate that both this loop and the Mn2+-binding core are required for optimal pH-dependent translational activation: replacing the core with the non-pH-responsive mntP sequence abolishes activation. These results define how RNA allosterically integrates orthogonal metal and proton cues to enable combinatorial environmental sensing during alkaline stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauvier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, T. F. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ontiveros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bussi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishanina, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.18.706685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[pH-dependent allosteric remodeling of a bacterial riboswitch couples alkaline activation to metal sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unlocking the Bile Acid Universe: Advanced Workflows and a Multidimensional Library of 280 Unique Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.18.706700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes and bile acids are tightly intertwined, especially in the gut. While the liver produces primary bile acids from cholesterol, gut bacteria transform these into diverse secondary forms which act as powerful signaling molecules, influencing host metabolism and immune function. Since bile acid changes are increasingly linked to health and disease, their accurate measurement in the gut and circulation is essential. Analytical evaluations, however, remain challenging as many bile acids co-elute in liquid chromatography (LC), share identical precursor masses in mass spectrometry (MS), and produce similar tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. As a result, conventional LC-MS/MS workflows struggle to differentiate bile acids, motivating the addition of orthogonal separations such as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Here, we assess optimal bile acid extraction parameters for stool, serum, and plasma; compare LC conditions; and assess electrospray ionization performance across polarities. Additionally, we created a multidimensional reference library containing LC retention times, IMS collision cross section values, and accurate precursor masses for 280 unique bile acids (264 endogenous and 16 deuterium-labeled species) including unconjugated, host-conjugated, and microbially conjugated bile acids. This multidimensional library empowers bile acid identification in complex samples and enables a more comprehensive exploration of their biological roles and disease associations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Disselkoen, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodds, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DuVal-Smith, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiessen, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolton, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schymanski, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theriot, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.18.706700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unlocking the Bile Acid Universe: Advanced Workflows and a Multidimensional Library of 280 Unique Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A predictive mechanochemical modeling framework for the deformation and remodeling of the nuclear lamina 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1Nuclear envelope stretch and rupture are common to cell spreading and migration in a variety of microenvironments, leading to marked changes in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Predicting cell response to different mechanochemical cues that are transmitted to the nucleus remains an open problem in the field of mechanomedicine. We developed a predictive modeling framework to examine how nuclear deformation on substrates with different nanotopographies influences nucleocytoplasmic transport and rearrangement of the nuclear lamina. Using the finite element method, we simulated nuclear compression by the perinuclear actin cap on substrates with arrays of nanopillars, modeling the nuclear envelope as a nonlinear elastic structure and coupling deformations to a biochemical model of lamin remodeling and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These simulations predicted regions of high nuclear envelope stretch adjacent to cell-nanopillar contacts, leading to maximized nuclear envelope tension on small nanopillars spaced by 4-5 microns. We then considered the effects on nuclear transport of YAP and TAZ and found that increased nuclear compression led to YAP/TAZ nuclear localization in agreement with previous experiments. Furthermore, the simulated force load per lamin was maximized on nanopillar substrates with high nuclear stretch. The magnitude of this load was modulated by the rate of actin cap assembly and the overall expression level of lamin A/C - decreasing lamin content in the nuclear envelope led to a higher likelihood of rupture. We validated this prediction in subsequent experiments with lamin-depleted U2OS cells, establishing the central importance of lamin transport and microenvironment nanotopography to nuclear mechanotransduction.

2 SignificanceCell nuclei commonly experience large strains, but existing computational models do not explain the coupling between such deformations and molecular transport. Here, we present a modeling framework that includes the mechanics of nuclear deformations and the reaction-transport of molecules within the cytoplasm, nuclear envelope, and nuclear interior. As a well-controlled setup for comparing experiments and simulations, we consider nuclear indentations exhibited by cells on nanopillar substrates. Our simulations recapitulate measurements of nuclear YAP/TAZ localization from the literature and predict that low-lamin cells experience higher force loads at the nuclear envelope. We validate this prediction experimentally, showing that lamin-depleted cells are more likely to exhibit nuclear rupture. Overall, our framework presents opportunities to predict nuclear mechanoadaptation to different microenvironments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Francis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarikhani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naghsh-Nilchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangamani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A predictive mechanochemical modeling framework for the deformation and remodeling of the nuclear lamina]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural circuits regulating social dominance implement a strategy predicted by evolutionary game theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.706896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social conflict is a fundamental challenge for all animals and determines access to critical resources like mates and food. Evolutionary game theory predicts that natural selection should yield competitive strategies that balance the benefits and costs of social conflict. However, whether such strategies are embedded within the neural circuits that regulate aggression remains unclear. Here, we identify a neural circuit regulating the decision to flee during fighting in male Drosophila and show that the onset of defeat is governed by a probabilistic strategy predicted by evolutionary game theory. This mechanism arises from the inhibition of Tk-GAL4FruM neurons that promote aggressive arousal in males. Inhibition is mediated by a mushroom body circuit involving PPL1 dopaminergic neurons and V2 mushroom body output neurons, both classically associated with aversive learning. Silencing this circuit disrupts the onset of defeat, while activating it induces rapid defeat. Conversely, activation of reward-encoding PAM dopaminergic neurons promotes winning, revealing a dual role for dopamine in shaping contest dynamics. Finally, we find that internal state variables such as hunger and motivation shift the defeat onset probability distribution, consistent with game theory predictions of how payoff modulates fighting persistence. Together, our results provide direct evidence that evolutionary strategies based on payoff, long described by game theory, are implemented as circuit-level computations that regulate aggression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ventimiglia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chamiec-Case, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asahina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.706896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural circuits regulating social dominance implement a strategy predicted by evolutionary game theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data-driven RNA phenotyping captures genetically regulated dimensions of the transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptomic diversity across individuals arises from multiple modes of RNA regulation--including pre-mRNA expression, splicing, degradation, and other processes--and has been widely leveraged to map quantitative trait loci (xQTLs) and interpret GWAS signals. We recently developed a multimodal framework called Pantry that can extend discovery beyond total expression by integrating multiple transcriptomic modalities. However, Pantry and similar tools remain limited by their reliance on complete gene annotations and the statistical complexity of jointly analyzing correlated modalities. Here, we present LaDDR (Latent Data-Driven RNA phenotyping), a mechanism-agnostic framework that generates orthogonal, latent coverage features per gene, enabling xQTL discovery and GWAS integration without requiring complete gene annotations. Applied to GTEx, LaDDR identified an average of 95% more independent xQTLs per tissue than the six transcriptional regulation modes implemented in Pantry ("knowledge-driven"). Residualizing known modalities prior to LaDDR and combining with knowledge-driven phenotypes increased discovery by an additional 41% per tissue on average, while retaining the interpretability of knowledge-driven signals. In a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of 114 complex traits, using LaDDR-derived phenotypes uncovered an average of 11,790 unique gene-trait pairs per tissue, versus 8,579 from knowledge-driven phenotypes. The newly captured genetic signals exhibit functional and colocalization qualities consistent with known mechanisms, suggesting that LaDDR broadens the detectable landscape of trait-relevant transcriptomic regulation by efficiently recovering regulatory variation missed by current pipelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munro, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gusev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palmer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammadi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.707100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data-driven RNA phenotyping captures genetically regulated dimensions of the transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical oscillations reflect opponent ensemble dynamics through coordinated multifrequency activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.20.707132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural oscillations are widely used as proxies for neuronal activity, where power in individual frequency bands is commonly interpreted as functionally indexing neural circuit engagement. However, power in individual frequency bands shows heterogeneous and sometimes opposing relationships with neuronal activity across regions and behavioral contexts, challenging the assumption of a stable frequency-to-circuit mapping. Here we show that glutamatergic population activity in rat medial prefrontal cortex is not stably linked with power in isolated frequency bands, but rather with dynamically recurring multi-frequency amplitude co-fluctuations. These multi-frequency patterns, termed spectral motifs, occurred in opponent pairs with nearly identical frequency composition but inverted relationships to population calcium activity. This opponent motif structure, observed across cortical regions and species, provides a key component for understanding how oscillations are linked to neuronal activity. We found that shifts in motif opponency balance explained changes in glutamatergic activity that occur during brain-computer interface learning better than models based on frequency band power alone. Furthermore, opponent motifs map selectively onto opponent cell ensembles and enable bidirectional mapping between local field potentials and ensemble activity. These findings identify multi-frequency opponent motifs as a conserved organizational principle linking oscillatory dynamics to population-level circuit states and challenge the notion that individual frequency bands can serve as interpretable functional units mapping onto neural circuit activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mishler, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salimi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koloski, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rembado, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shilyansky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramanathan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.20.707132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical oscillations reflect opponent ensemble dynamics through coordinated multifrequency activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.21.707172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reln haploinsufficiency alters fentanyl-induced striatal activity and adaptive responding without affecting opioid reinforcement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.21.707172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Reln gene encodes the extracellular glycoprotein Reelin that regulates synaptic plasticity and activity-dependent gene expression with implications in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including substance use disorder. While reduced Reln expression alters responses to psychostimulants and cannabinoid, its role in opioid-related behaviors remains unknown. Here, we examined whether Reln haploinsufficiency modifies behavioral and molecular responses to the synthetic opioid fentanyl. Heterozygous Reeler (Reln+/-) mice and wild-type littermates were assessed using using complementary contingent and non-contingent models of fentanyl exposure, including multi-phase fentanyl intravenous self-administration paradigm, conditioned place preference paradigm, locomotor assay, and dorsal striatal immediate early gene expression. Reln haploinsufficiency did not alter acquisition, extinction, or cue-induced reinstatement during self-administration, indicating stable opioid reinforcement and relapse-like behavior. Progressive ratio testing revealed a sex-dependent effect in which male Reln+/- mice showed reduced motivation for fentanyl compared to male wild-type mice. In contrast, following passive fentanyl exposure, Reln+/- mice exhibited enhanced fentanyl-induced locomotion and increased Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal striatum, while CPP remained unchanged. Together, these findings demonstrate that Reln haploinsufficiency does not substantially modify opioid reinforcement or cue-driven drug seeking but enhances acute pharmacological sensitivity to fentanyl. These results identify Reln as a modulatory factor in opioid-responsive neural circuits that preferentially influences acute drug-evoked neuronal activation rather than the associative learning processes underlying opioid reinforcement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Telese, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litif, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libster, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desfor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liaw, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.21.707172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reln haploinsufficiency alters fentanyl-induced striatal activity and adaptive responding without affecting opioid reinforcement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Statins and genetic inhibition of the mevalonate pathway activate an ATF3-STMN2 regenerative program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Loss of neuronal regenerative capacity is a common feature of neurodegenerative disease and axonal injury, yet the transcriptional programs governing this state remain poorly defined. Stathmin-2 (STMN2), a tubulin-binding protein essential for axon maintenance and repair, is profoundly depleted following loss of nuclear TDP-43 in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we identify statins as potent inducers of STMN2 expression. Pharmacological and genetic suppression of the mevalonate pathway, and subsequent prevention of protein geranylgeranylation, restored STMN2 levels in TDP-43 deficient cells and promoted neurite growth. STMN2 induction was abrogated when using a statin analogue unable to interact with HMG-CoA reductase, and through co-administration of mevalonate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate substrates. RNA-seq revealed that statins induce a coordinated pro-regenerative transcriptional response, including activation of the AP-1 transcription factor complex gene, ATF3. Loss of ATF3 attenuated STMN2 induction in vitro, and diminished injury-induced Stmn2 upregulation in spinal motor neurons in vivo. These results demonstrate statins as modulators of ATF3 and STMN2 expression and highlight their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nolan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aryal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ndayambaje, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovde, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wlaschin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Held, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaussant, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wymann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agra Almeida Quadros, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Tayar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beccari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jourdan Ferraras Reyes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griesman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawrot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melamed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>P. Kleinstiver, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>W. Cleveland, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>E. Tanzi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Lutz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D. Hubbard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>R.R. Alves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wainger, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Pichon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagier-Tourenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.23.707492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Statins and genetic inhibition of the mevalonate pathway activate an ATF3-STMN2 regenerative program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A generalized synthetic control algorithm for sparse functional data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Synthetic Control Method (SCM) and its interactive factor model generalizations (GSC) are powerful for estimating causal effects from panel data but are not easily applied when follow-up is irregular or sparse, common features of biomedical cohorts. We develop a Bayesian functional extension of GSC that treats each units outcome path as a smooth latent trajectory and accommodates unequally spaced measurements. Trajectories are approximated using Functional Principal Components Analysis (FPCA), providing a data-driven basis that captures dominant patterns with minimal shape assumptions while borrowing strength across individuals. Within this representation, we learn unit and time latent factors jointly with FPCA scores from the control data, construct counterfactual trajectories for treated units, and quantify uncertainty via the posterior. Identification relies on a latent-factor/weak-trend condition and overlap of controls and treated units in the functional score space. Simulation studies varying donor pool and treated unit size and sampling density show that the proposed approach (a.k.a GSC-FPCA) yields low bias when sampling is irregular or sparse, with well-calibrated interval coverage across a broad range of scenarios. We apply the method to longitudinal neuroimaging data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence - Adulthood (NCANDA-A) study to estimate the effect of adolescent binge drinking on subsequent brain volumes. Leveraging from 1 to 9 observed time points per participant, GSC-FPCA produces stable counterfactuals and detects a negative impact on gray-matter volumes with sustained high levels of binge drinking. Our results demonstrate that embedding GSC within a functional framework enables robust causal inference in biomedical applications characterized by irregularly-spaced visits, limited observations, and complex outcome dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohl, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.23.707582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A generalized synthetic control algorithm for sparse functional data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geomorphic evolution of a Caribbean biological hotspot 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Continental shelf islands provide tractable systems for understanding how geomorphic history shapes ecological and evolutionary processes, yet most near-shore archipelagos lack comprehensive integration of spatial configuration and temporal dynamics. Here we reconstruct the land-sea geomorphic history of the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama, combining high-resolution bathymetry and topography with a Caribbean sea-level model corrected for sediment accumulation and tectonic movement. We quantify present-day multi-scale isolation, historical fragmentation dynamics, and composite metrics integrating spatial and temporal dimensions. Islands became isolated sequentially from 9.5 to 2.9 ka, with area contraction rates varying twentyfold amongst islands. Island number peaked at 40 around 7 ka before declining to 32 today as rising seas submerged smaller islands, whilst shallow marine habitat (0-10 m depth), where most coral reef, seagrass, and mangrove ecosystems develop, expanded nearly fivefold to peak at [~]9 ka before declining to 65% of that maximum by the present. Extending analyses through the Pleistocene reveals the modern archipelago is highly atypical: for over half of the last million years, the region existed as continuous coastal lowland rather than islands. Projections under moderate emissions scenarios predict [~]5% loss of terrestrial habitat but [~]50% expansion of shallow marine habitat by 2150, though whether degraded Caribbean reefs can exploit this expansion remains uncertain. Exploratory correlations between species richness of five terrestrial vertebrate groups (from Smithsonian museum collections) and geomorphometric predictors reveal that island area, maximum elevation, and cumulative habitat availability since isolation are the strongest correlates of diversity, whilst buffer-zone isolation indices developed for oceanic volcanic archipelagos perform poorly in this continental shelf context. This framework provides a time-calibrated foundation for testing how millennial-scale habitat dynamics shape biodiversity patterns across taxa with contrasting dispersal capabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O'Dea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Titcomb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Gracia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flantua, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hynes, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schloeder, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.24.707483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geomorphic evolution of a Caribbean biological hotspot]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spore-Based Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyesters with Enhanced Toughness and Programmable Disintegration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thermoplastic polyesters are widely used in commodity and high-performance applications due to their tunable and exceptional properties, versatile performance, and increasing relevance in sustainable materials. Integrating biological functionality into these polymers offers a promising route to enhance performance and end-of-life behavior beyond what conventional additives can achieve. Here, we report the generalization of an embedded spore-based engineered living material concept to three representative thermoplastic polyesters; polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Heat-shock-tolerized Bacillus subtilis spores were compounded with each polyester as a living biofiller via hot melt extrusion. The resulting biocomposite polyesters retained high spore viability (>90%) after extrusion and exhibited improved mechanical performance (up to 41% toughness improvement compared to neat polymers). End-of-life behavior was evaluated in a microbially-limited composting environment, where spore-containing PCL exhibited nearly complete disintegration within five months, corresponding to a [~]7-fold increase in degradation kinetics relative to neat PCL. Finally, 3D printing of biocomposite PCL was demonstrated through fused deposition modeling and direct ink writing methodologies. Together, this work demonstrated the successful extension of spore-based engineered living materials from thermoplastic polyurethane to multiple thermoplastic polyesters.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=86 SRC="FIGDIR/small/707801v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (26K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4eaafaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bb17c2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@114e4ceorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b9bd0c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feist, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pokorski, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.24.707801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spore-Based Biocomposite Thermoplastic Polyesters with Enhanced Toughness and Programmable Disintegration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 preserves mammalian neuronal lineage identity memory via promoting timely H3K27me3 restoration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitosis poses a daunting challenge to transgenerational inheritance of cell identity memory. How neuronal lineage identity is faithfully transmitted across mitosis remains largely unexplored. Here we report that, in mouse hippocampus, the transcription factor Prox1 acts as a mitotic bookmark for safeguarding neuronal lineage identity across cell divisions. Prox1 exhibits mitotic retention in dentate gyrus (DG) neural stem cells and defines DG lineage identity by suppressing the alternative cornu ammonis (CA) identity. Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 at key bivalent CA identity genes promotes timely and precise restoration of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 deposition to avoid ectopic expression of CA identity genes and lineage identity crisis. Remarkably, specific mitotic retention-deficient Prox1 conditional knock-in mice produce severe DG developmental defects. Thus, mitotic bookmarking imprints neuronal lineage identity in mouse hippocampus, which is likely to represent a fundamental principle underlying the preservation of lineage identity memory in mammalian brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.707603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 preserves mammalian neuronal lineage identity memory via promoting timely H3K27me3 restoration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.708046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying Robust Subclonal Structures through Tumor Progression Tree Alignment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.708046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding and comparing tumor evolutionary histories is fundamental to cancer genomics. Clonal trees, used to model tumor progression, are rooted, unordered trees in which each node represents a subclone labeled by a set of distinct mutations.

To compare two clonal trees, we introduce omlta, the optimal multi-label tree alignment, which removes the minimum number of mutation labels from the trees, so that the remaining trees are isomorphic. Computing omlta is NP-hard. Here, we present an algorithm to compute the omlta, with a running time of [Formula] where L [&ge;] 1 is the total number of mutation labels occurring in the input trees and k is the minimum possible number of mutation labels that need to be removed for the alignment.

Our implementation (https://github.com/algo-cancer/omlta) is the first computational tool for determining the optimal alignment between clonal trees. We applied omlta to 126 cases from the TRACERx study on non-small cell lung cancers and some melanoma single-cell data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knittel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schäffer, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malikic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahinalp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.708046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying Robust Subclonal Structures through Tumor Progression Tree Alignment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Translational Model of MASLD-Associated HFpEF Defines Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiac Plasticity During Disease Progression and Regression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), are strongly linked to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), yet the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear because robust integrative preclinical models are lacking and the liver and heart are rarely studied as a coordinated system. Here we show that Alms1-/- (Foz/Foz) mice fed a Western diet develop MASH with advanced liver fibrosis accompanied by a HFpEF phenotype characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, impaired cardiomyocyte contractility, reduced {beta}-adrenergic reserve, elevated BNP, and increased mortality despite ejection fraction >50. Liver fibrosis emerged as a strong predictor of cardiac dysfunction. Remarkably, dietary reversal restored hepatic architecture, normalized cardiac function, and improved survival, revealing marked plasticity of the liver-heart axis. Mechanistic analyses revealed coordinated mitochondrial dysfunction, altered substrate utilization, and extracellular matrix remodeling in the left ventricle, with strong concordance to human HFpEF transcriptomic signatures. Ultrastructural studies confirmed mitochondrial injury and sarcomeric disorganization, linking metabolic failure to impaired cardiomyocyte performance. Together, these findings identify mitochondrial dysfunction as a central mediator of MASLD-associated HFpEF and establish the Foz/Foz model as a powerful platform for dissecting liver-to-heart signaling pathways and testing mechanism-based therapeutic strategies.

STRUCTURED ABSTRACTO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSMetabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its advanced form, MASH, are closely linked to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the mechanisms driving MASLD-associated HFpEF and its reversibility remain poorly understood, largely due to the lack of robust preclinical models. Here, we established a translational model of MASLD-associated HFpEF and applied functional and transcriptomic analyses of the left ventricle (LV) to define the mechanisms underlying cardiac dysfunction and its reversibility.

MethodsAlms1-/- (Foz/Foz) mice and wild-type littermates were fed normal chow (NC) or Western diet (WD) for up to 34w. Reversibility was modeled by switching WD-fed Foz/Foz mice at 12w back to NC for 12w. Cardiac assessment included echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics with dobutamine stimulation, histopathology, electron microscopy and isolated cardiomyocyte contractility. LV transcriptomes were profiled by bulk RNA sequencing and analyzed by differential expression and pathway enrichment.

ResultFoz/Foz mice on WD for 24w developed metabolic syndrome and MASH with advanced liver fibrosis. Cardiac phenotyping showed LV hypertrophy, impaired cardiomyocyte contractility, reduced {beta}-adrenergic reserve, elevated plasma BNP, and increased mortality while the ejection fraction was preserved (>50%), consistent with HFpEF. Liver fibrosis was a strong predictor of HFpEF. Switching WD-fed Foz/Foz mice at 12w to normal chow diet reversed hepatic fibrosis, restored LV function, and reduced mortality, demonstrating plasticity of the liver-heart axis. LV transcriptome during disease progression and regression revealed mitochondrial dysfunction, altered substrate utilization, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolic stress as central drivers of HFpEF, with strong overlap to human HFpEF signatures. Cardiac electron microscopy revealed swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae, which normalized following dietary intervention.

ConclusionsMitochondrial dysfunction and fibroinflammatory remodeling are central mediators of MASLD-associated HFpEF. Reversal of hepatic and cardiac phenotypes with dietary intervention, together with elucidation of underlying pathways, establish the Foz/Foz model as a robust translational platform for mechanistic and therapeutic discovery targeting the liver-heart axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suarez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishizuka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kisseleva, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillmann, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.26.708088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Translational Model of MASLD-Associated HFpEF Defines Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiac Plasticity During Disease Progression and Regression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Hidden Binding Pocket in the β- ketoacyl-ACP Synthase FabB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Assembly-line enzymes carry out multi-step synthesis of diverse metabolites by using a handful of catalytic motifs in which minor structural differences control substrate specificity and reaction order. Here we examine differences in substrate binding to FabB and FabF, the two {beta}-ketoacyl-ACP synthases (KSs) responsible for fatty acid elongation in Escherichia coli, by exploring a peculiar mutational effect. In FabB, a blocking mutation in the acyl binding pocket yields a shifted, but broad product profile, while in FabF, the same mutation disrupts the binding of acyl chains longer than eight carbons (C8). X-ray crystal structures of the FabB mutant provide an explanation: a second, previously unobserved binding pocket allows medium-to-long acyl chains ([&ge;] C8) to bind with an alternate conformation. Molecular simulations suggest that this pocket is more stable in FabB than in FabF, where mutations reduce the catalytic competency of longer chains instead of shifting them to the alternate pocket. Our findings indicate that homologous KSs differ not only in their primary binding sites but also in the availability of alternative binding modes that can buffer against mutational effects and enable functional diversification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrzejewski, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mains, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sankaran, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkart, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirts, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.26.708327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Hidden Binding Pocket in the β- ketoacyl-ACP Synthase FabB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Refinement of Nucleus Accumbens Neuronal Dynamics During Cocaine Self-Administration Training 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.26.708295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug addiction is an acquired motivational-behavioral state that begins with drug taking, which is comprised of a series of phases, including initial acquisition, stabilization, habituation, and maintenance. In rodent models of cocaine self-administration, the forebrain region nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been critically implicated in the acquisition-maintenance process of drug taking and seeking behaviors. However, it remains unknown how NAc neurons shift their activity patterns in response to these phasic transitions during cocaine taking. To examine this, we used GCaMP6m-based in vivo Ca2+ imaging to monitor activities of principal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the NAc across eleven days of cocaine self-administration. Behaviorally, mice exhibited progressive stabilization of operant responding and locomotion across 11 days of cocaine self-administration. During the early training days, we detected a portion of NAc neurons--a potential neuronal ensemble--that exhibited increased activities temporally contingent to the lever-press for cocaine. The number of NAc neurons exhibiting contingent activity increased progressively over the first three training days and then decreased gradually during the later training days, exhibiting expansion-refinement dynamics that may correspond to the acquisition and subsequent stabilization/maintenance of cocaine self-administration. Using a neuron-tracking technique, we found that the lever-press-contingent NAc ensemble exhibited substantial compositional dynamics, with neurons dropping into and out across training days. These activity features of lever-press-contingent neurons may represent key circuit dynamics of the NAc that transition the acquisition toward the maintenance of cocaine-taking behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schall, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.26.708295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Refinement of Nucleus Accumbens Neuronal Dynamics During Cocaine Self-Administration Training]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.708039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational modelling of natural cell-to-cell heterogeneity reveals key parameters that control the diversity of human pancreatic islet β-cell excitability in response to glucose 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.708039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin-producing {beta}-cells demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity in their individual responsiveness to glucose, and that cellular heterogeneity contributes to coordinating islet activity and glucose homeostasis. Our current understanding of how variation in cell-intrinsic factors control cellular excitability and insulin secretion is informed by foundational experiments conducted on dispersed single {beta}-cells. Such studies are limited in their ability to link multiple electrical or metabolic properties within a single cell and preclude the ability to relate, post hoc, each parameters contribution to glucose responsiveness. Computational modelling represents a unique and underutilized tool to integrate and investigate the role of natural {beta}-cell heterogeneity in physiologic glucose responses. Herein, we utilize a high-volume single-cell electrophysiology "patch-seq" dataset to define the physiologically relevant sources of variability in human {beta}-cell electrophysiology and model their influence on single-cell glucose responses. Three thousand in silico human {beta}-cells were fitted to physiologically relevant variations in glucokinase activity, K+ current, Na+ current, Ca2+ current, and exocytotic function. Four dominant electrical phenotypes arose at low (2 mM) and high (20 mM) glucose: silent, bursting, spiking, and depolarized. Approximately 50% of uncoupled {beta}-cells remained electrically silent at high glucose. Furthermore, Na+ channel half-inactivation voltage was a major predictor of the silent and spiking phenotypes at each glucose concentration, and of cells that transition from silent to spiking when glucose increased. Indeed, experimentally observed variation in Na+ channel voltage dependence was second only to variation in ATP-sensitive potassium channel conductance in determining {beta}-cell excitability. Our data-driven computational modelling highlights the functional importance of electrical heterogeneity in human {beta}-cell glucose responses, and provides a useful tool for generating testable hypotheses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goswami, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koepke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baghelani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravets, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Light, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.27.708039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational modelling of natural cell-to-cell heterogeneity reveals key parameters that control the diversity of human pancreatic islet β-cell excitability in response to glucose]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.708653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Derlin-mediated ERAD of lipid regulator ORMDL3 safeguards mitochondrial function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.708653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian Derlin proteins (Derlin-1, Derlin-2, and Derlin-3) are conserved components of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery that mediate the retrotranslocation and proteasomal degradation of misfolded ER-resident proteins. However, their paralog-specific contributions to cellular homeostasis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Derlin deficiency disrupts mitochondrial architecture and results in mitochondrial fragmentation and tightening of ER-mitochondria contact sites (MERCs) in HEK293 cells. Mechanistically, we identify ORMDL proteins, evolutionarily conserved negative regulators of sphingolipid biosynthesis, as substrates of Derlin-2- and Derlin-3-dependent ERAD. Derlin deficiency leads to selective accumulation of ORMDL3 and its dose-dependent enrichment at MERCs, where it drives mitochondrial dysfunction in respiration and calcium handling. Reducing ORMDL3 levels restores mitochondrial function, establishing ORMDL3 as a key effector downstream of Derlin loss. Our work establishes ERAD as a critical mechanism of protein quantity control that safeguards organelle homeostasis by preventing aberrant accumulation and mislocalization of ER clients at inter-organelle contact sites. Given that ORMDL family members are central regulators of sphingolipid metabolism and are genetically linked to inflammation, cancer, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, these findings connect ERAD-dependent spatial control to sphingolipid homeostasis and a broad spectrum of human pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afolabi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marshall, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baskerville, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadam, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Som de Cerff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whisenant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillips, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McReynolds, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neal, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.27.708653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Derlin-mediated ERAD of lipid regulator ORMDL3 safeguards mitochondrial function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.28.707759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic profiling of mouse mammary tumors enables prognostic and predictive biomarker discovery for human breast cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.28.707759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development and validation of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer is limited by the availability of well-annotated datasets linking tumor molecular features to treatment response and survival outcomes. To address this need, we generated an extensive mouse models dataset comprised of 26 immunocompetent mammary tumor models spanning diverse genetic backgrounds, epithelial-mesenchymal states, the basal-luminal axis, and distinct immune microenvironments. For each model, we measured survival under no treatment, immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy. We performed RNA-seq on baseline tumors and on 7-day on-treatment samples for both regimens.

Using baseline murine tumor gene expression features, we trained a machine learning Elastic Net model that predicted survival outcomes on multiple human breast cancer datasets with performance comparable to that of existing prognostic assays. We next trained models for ICI benefit, using either the untreated or 7-day ICI treated samples; both models predicted ICI benefit on human ICI treated datasets, with the 7-day treated tumor model showing better performance. We also developed a predictor of carboplatin/paclitaxel response that performed well in mice but did not generalize to human chemotherapy cohorts.

Finally, we compared multiple computational approaches, including XGBoost, random forests, and support vector regression; all methods successfully predicted survival outcomes, with Elastic Net offering the best performance and interpretability. These results indicate conserved cancer biology between mouse and human tumors for prognosis and ICI response and establish this large preclinical dataset with linked phenotypic and genomic data, as a resource for benchmarking computational methods for survival prediction.

SignificanceThe development of a genomically and phenotypically diverse murine tumor dataset with linked treatment outcomes establishes a robust translational resource to develop, test, and benchmark clinically relevant prognostic and therapeutic response biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sutcliffe, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mott, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz-Swenson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felsheim, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobanov, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michmerhuizen, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raedler, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okumu, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfefferle, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dance-Barnes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>East, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollern, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elston, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perou, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.28.707759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic profiling of mouse mammary tumors enables prognostic and predictive biomarker discovery for human breast cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-type specific impact of opioid use disorder and HIV on the human forebrain and cerebellum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Opioid use disorder (OUD), which frequently co-occurs with HIV infection, causes long-term neurological disease, yet the epigenetic and transcriptomic effects of OUD and HIV on specific cell types and regions of the brain are poorly understood. To assess the cell-type specific impacts of OUD and HIV across the human brain, we measured single cell transcriptomes and epigenomes of 580,353 cells in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and cerebellum of 44 donors. We cataloged over 750k candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) and identified gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of transcription factor activity across 35 neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. We identified specific neuronal and glial populations whose cCREs were significantly enriched for genetic risk of addiction-related traits. In OUD donors, we found evidence for reduced metabolic function in neurons in the PFC and cerebellum as well as increased gene expression related to voltage-gated calcium channel activity in the cerebellum. Using a cerebellar organoid model, fentanyl treatment reduced metabolic activity while increasing neuronal activity. Across brain regions, HIV activated immune-related pathways in glial populations, while comorbid OUD and HIV exacerbated metabolic changes in cortical glial cells. Cerebellum-specific Bergmann glia, in addition to forebrain microglia and astrocytes, showed expansion of reactive state identity in HIV. These results highlight shared and specific changes to immune, synaptic, and metabolic processes in OUD and HIV across brain regions and reveal that cerebellar cell types are distinctly affected by opioid abuse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vashist, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakhmola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baidwan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchanan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gianella, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walss-Bass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.01.708876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-type specific impact of opioid use disorder and HIV on the human forebrain and cerebellum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enabling Megascale Microbiome Analysis with DartUniFrac 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We introduce a new algorithm, DartUniFrac, and a near-optimal implementation with GPU acceleration, up to three orders of magnitude faster than the state of the art and scaling to millions of samples (pairwise) and billions of taxa. DartUniFrac connects UniFrac with weighted Jaccard similarity and exploits sketching algorithms for fast computation. We benchmark DartUniFrac against exact UniFrac implementations, demonstrating that DartUniFrac is statistically indistinguishable from them on real-world microbiome and metagenomic datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sfiligoi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lladser, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khatib, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Degregori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lozupone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.01.708916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enabling Megascale Microbiome Analysis with DartUniFrac]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.709177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses and in vivo protection against SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.02.709177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine provides effective protection against viral infection and severe disease by inducing efficient adaptive immunity. However, vaccine efficacy is decreased against emerging variants, and immune memory is relatively short-lived. Here, we added new T cell epitopes to the RBD (receptor-binding domain) mRNA vaccine and identified a SARS-CoV-2 membrane epitope that significantly improved vaccine-induced immunity and protection in vivo. That new vaccine, designated G1-C, induced 8.2-fold higher levels of RBD-specific antibodies than did RBD and enhanced spike-specific T cell and B cell responses. Remarkably, the G1-C modulated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation and increased levels of B and NK cells by regulating multiple signaling pathways in bone marrow potentially via Fos, Klf4, and Klf6 transcription factors. Altogether, these findings identify a new vaccine candidate to control viral infection by affecting the lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias and suggest the potential role of T cell epitopes in vaccine design and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucciarone, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shresta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.02.709177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new mRNA antigen vaccine induces potent B and T cell responses and in vivo protection against SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-repository analysis reveals a drug-activating function of microbial bile acid conjugation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbially modified bile acids shape host physiology by regulating nutrient absorption, glucose homeostasis, circadian rhythms and thermoregulation. Here we identify a previously unrecognized drug-activating function of microbial bile acid conjugation. By systematically mining human LC-MS/MS datasets across public repositories and linking uncharacterized bile acid spectra to health-associated metadata, we discovered conjugates of the >75-year-old anti-inflammatory drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) with primary and secondary bile acids, including cholic, deoxycholic and lithocholic acids. These bile acid-drug conjugates were detected specifically in individuals treated with 5-ASA or its prodrugs. Multiple gut bacteria, including members of the Bacteroidota and Bacillota, generated cholyl-5-ASA in vitro, and bile salt hydrolase-associated transaminase activity was required for conjugate formation. In a mouse model of colitis, cholyl-5-ASA was associated with reduced intestinal inflammatory pathology and showed markedly enhanced activation of PPAR-{gamma} in cell-based reporter assays compared with 5-ASA alone. Consistent with this activity, cholyl-5-ASA elicited selective immunophenotypic changes in CD4 T cells in vitro, including increased Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Together with prior evidence that 5-ASA efficacy depends on the microbiome, these findings support a model in which microbial bile acid conjugation represents a key activation step for 5-ASA therapy. More broadly, this work demonstrates how pan-repository metabolomics can uncover previously unrecognized microbiome-dependent chemical functions with direct therapeutic relevance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sala-Climent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gouda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agongo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sallam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shore, S. F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoshal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harpavat, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murugesan, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadav, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Versalovic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orlovsky, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markle, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo Terrazas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarrinpar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffatellu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devkota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svolos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gkikas, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rattray, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.709330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-repository analysis reveals a drug-activating function of microbial bile acid conjugation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cannabis Use by People with HIV is Associated with an Anti-Inflammatory Immunometabolic Phenotype in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic neuroinflammation is associated with comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). While cannabis use is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in PWH, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, we analyzed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from a cohort of 50 PWH and 33 people without HIV (mean age: 61.9 years), categorized by frequency of cannabis use (naive/low, moderate, daily). We performed immunocytochemistry, RNA sequencing, and qPCR on MDMs and quantified related biomarkers in donor plasma. In this cohort study, daily cannabis use in PWH was associated with less global neurocognitive deficits, and with an anti-inflammatory immunometabolic-phenotype in MDMs characterized by (1) a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, (2) higher mitochondrial numbers, (3) altered cytokine profiles (pro-inflammatory downregulation, anti-inflammatory upregulation), and (4) higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. These cellular changes were corroborated by a plasma biomarker profile in PWH including (1) lower levels of growth differentiation factor 15 and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, and (2) higher mature BDNF/precursor BDNF ratios that correlated with better cognition. Thus, cannabis use may mitigate NCI in PWH by immunometabolically reprogramming MDM function towards an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective state.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=140 SRC="FIGDIR/small/709579v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (42K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15fb1adorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@189d79corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@aa6a89org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3852f8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ford, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halcrow, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laird, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leyva, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boustani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melcher, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Searson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Letendre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcondes, M. C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlachetzki, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iudicello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cannabis Use by People with HIV is Associated with an Anti-Inflammatory Immunometabolic Phenotype in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered OAA lectins as selective and sensitive high mannose glycan targeting tools 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAA) lectin interacts with N-glycans through a pentamannose core shared among all high mannose N-glycans (HMGs). Because HMGs only differ by number of mannose sugars, there is a scarcity of tools sensitive enough to resolve each specific HMG structure in their biological context. Here, we investigate the sequence space of OAA to tune the binding properties towards selectivity of Man5GlcNAc2, thus generating a structure-specific detection tool. Using phage display to screen a diverse library of OAA variants, we identify a variant with high selectivity for Man5GlcNAc2 that we further dissect to reveal four mutations necessary for selectivity and two mutations responsible for enhanced affinity for all HMGs. Coupling a crystal structure of the selective variant with binding analysis of specific point mutations, we reveal how co-dependent mutations achieve selectivity. We then demonstrate how variants can be valency-modulated on a single beta-barrel scaffold to improve their binding properties by orders of magnitude. Finally, we showcase the applicability of engineered OAA variants as improved HMG profiling tools and tunable antiviral agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariscal, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guseman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered OAA lectins as selective and sensitive high mannose glycan targeting tools]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule spatial genomics reveals the multi-scale organization and plasticity of extrachromosomal DNA in glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a major driver of intratumoral heterogeneity and is associated with poor clinical outcomes across cancers, yet how individual ecDNA molecules are organized and regulated within intact tumors remains unknown. Here, we leveraged single-molecule, multi-modal spatial genomics to resolve the three-dimensional chromatin organization and transcriptional activity of individual EGFR-containing ecDNA molecules in glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro, in orthotopic xenografts, and in patient-derived GBM tissue. At the larger scale, we find that distinct GBM molecular and functional states emerge depending on the local cellular environment. EGFR expression was markedly different between GBM subpopulations, and perturbations of EGFR dosage shifted GBM cellular states. ecDNA expression was modulated by multiple mechanisms, including variation in copy number, chromatin organization, DNA sequence, and chromosomal reintegration, which were simultaneously measured within the same cells. At the single-molecule scale, ecDNA adopts a physically expanded chromatin configuration with larger ecDNA molecules having higher transcriptional activity and interaction with active transcriptional machinery. ecDNA regulation was coordinated within cells and across GBM states, and ecDNA copy number, structure, and transcription were spatially organized across the tumor architecture. Co-culturing GBM cells with neurons recapitulated key features of infiltrative regions, including lower EGFR expression, reduced ecDNA copy number, and increased chromosomal reintegration, suggesting a causal role for the microenvironment in shaping ecDNA regulation. Collectively, these findings support a model in which GBM states and ecDNA are linked, plastic, and influenced by microenvironmental contexts, revealing a previously inaccessible layer of genome organization underlying tumor heterogeneity and malignant cell behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Taylor, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keal, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saravanan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyake, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawauchi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadla, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elkassih, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashyap, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malukhina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafisi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loe, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAllister, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furnari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bintu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule spatial genomics reveals the multi-scale organization and plasticity of extrachromosomal DNA in glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.07.710286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computed atlas of the human GPCR-G protein signaling complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.07.710286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experimental mapping of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)-G protein signaling coupling has illuminated hundreds of receptors, yet the coupling specificity of a large fraction of this large receptor family remains unknown, thereby preventing the development of new GPCR-targeting therapies. Here, we used AlphaFold3 (AF3) to predict the 3D structures of the human GPCRome in complex with heterotrimeric G proteins. We used experimental GPCR-G protein binding data to show that AF3 predictions significantly discriminate between positive and negative binders, and used 3D structural features to train a machine learning (ML) algorithm to predict coupling potency. Interpretation of the ML model helped discriminate universal features governing the strength of G protein coupling from those determining binding specificity.

We computationally illuminated the coupling preferences of 180 non-olfactory GPCRs (non-OR) with previously unreported transduction mechanisms and experimentally validate the predicted couplings for multiple previously uncharacterized GPCRs, including QRFPR, GPR50, GPR37, GPR37L1 and GPRC5A. Our predictions established that Gi/o is the most prevalent coupling among non-OR GPCRs, which is often co-occurring with Gq/11 and, to a lesser extent, G12/13 signaling. Gs coupling is less common and restricted to specific clusters within the non-OR GPCRome phylogeny, likely due to stricter structural requirements for its binding. We also computed G protein complexes for over 400 ORs, establishing Gs as the most prevalent coupling. ORs are predicted to bind to Gs with a simpler interface compared to non-ORs, ultimately leading to energetically less stable complexes. Additionally, we predict recurrent bindings to Gq/11 and Gi/o proteins for ORs, suggesting potentially novel ORs signaling mechanisms.

We exploited the GPCRome coupling atlas to interpret healthy and cancer expression data, revealing the coupling of most GPCR-G protein co-expressed pairs. This analysis highlights a richer coupling repertoire in healthy tissues compared to cancer, likely reflecting the high signaling requirements of specialized normal cell functions, which are lost in most cancer cells due to their de-differentiated state or under cancer selection processes.

In summary, this study provides the first computational 3D atlas of the human GPCR-G protein transductome, thereby illuminating the signaling mechanisms of neglected GPCR classes and providing the basis for interpreting omics datasets from a myriad of pathological conditions, thus enabling the development of novel precision therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miglionico, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franchini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemati Fard, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gherghinescu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeOliveira Rosa, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryoji, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutkind, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orlandi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raimondi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.07.710286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computed atlas of the human GPCR-G protein signaling complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipoxins Regulate Intercalated Disk-Associated Signaling and Immune Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We investigated whether pro-resolving lipid mediators of the lipoxin family can attenuate fibrosis and inflammation in muscle LIM protein knockout (MLPko) mice, a model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Male and female MLPko mice received either vehicle or a mix of lipoxin-A4 and lipoxin-B4 three times per week for six weeks. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, and fibrosis and DCM-associated cardiac signaling was evaluated through histology, immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses. Flow cytometry and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) was performed to identify changes in cardiac gene expression and characterize macrophage subpopulations, respectively.

Flow cytometry showed increased inflammatory CD11c+ M1-like macrophages and reduction of CD206+ M2-like macrophages in MLPko hearts compared to wild-type controls. Lipoxin treatment partially reversed the macrophage imbalance and showed mild improvements in cardiac physiology in MLPko males. RNAseq analyses revealed sex-dependent alterations in the expression of pro-fibrotic and inflammation-related genes, suggesting changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and composition, and to the adaptive immune response. Intriguingly, several ECM proteins showed unexpected localizations at cardiac intercalated disks, which are known to be involved in DCM etiology. Further analysis identified lipoxin-dependent reduction in the DCM-associated expression of intercalated disk components only in lipoxin-treated MLPko males. Lipoxins also modulated key cardiac signaling pathways in a sex-specific manner, including Erk1/2 and PKC-linked Ankrd1/Carp1, which is associated with DCM development in MLPko mice. While lipoxins do not directly reverse cardiac dysfunction or fibrosis in MLPko mice, they may provide sex-specific protective effects by modulating DCM-related cardiac signaling pathways and by influencing immune-cell populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clark, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, L. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalton, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suur, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiding-Jarbrink, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehler, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomgran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borgeson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipoxins Regulate Intercalated Disk-Associated Signaling and Immune Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PD1-induced Shp2 condensation organizes inhibitory signalosomes through selective substrate partitioning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The formation of microclusters is a hallmark of PD1 engagement with its ligands, yet the physical basis and functional significance of this phenomenon remain unclear. Here we show that ligand-bound PD1 licenses Shp2 self-association and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), producing dynamic PD1:Shp2 condensates whose liquidity depends on Shp2 catalytic activity. Mutations that selectively disrupt Shp2 self-association weaken PD1 microcluster formation and impair PD1 inhibitory function. Mechanistically, PD1-induced Shp2 LLPS promotes the co-compartmentalization of signaling substrates such as CD3{zeta} and CD28, thereby facilitating its dephosphorylation. These findings identify Shp2 LLPS as an intrinsic organizing principle of the PD1 inhibitory pathway that links enzymatic activation, substrate selectivity and mesoscale assembly to suppress T cell activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Masubuchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaddam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HUI, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PD1-induced Shp2 condensation organizes inhibitory signalosomes through selective substrate partitioning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Landscape of Pregnancy-Associated Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Mammary Gland Involution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.09.710650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pregnancy-associated triple negative breast cancer (PA-TNBC) is one of the highest-risk breast cancers, marked by an aggressive phenotype that lacks targeted treatment options. Studies have shown that post-lactational mammary gland involution plays a role in this increased risk. To delineate the underlying mechanisms, our study characterized the transcriptional state of the epithelia and surrounding microenvironment in women with PA-TNBC, comparing those diagnosed pre-involution (PRE) and post-involution (POST, <3 years after delivery). Spatial transcriptomics using the GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler was performed on treatment-naive PA-TNBC tissues from 33 women (10 PRE, 23 POST). Regions of interest were segmented with pan-cytokeratin staining. We found that the most prominent transcriptional differences between PRE and POST epithelia occurred in the adjacent non-invasive regions and during the transition into invasive TNBC. POST non-invasive epithelia uniquely showed inflammatory and developmental pathway activation, while the transition into TNBC involved increased chromatin remodeling and cell migration pathways. Further, the tumor microenvironment (TME) in POST showed the highest proportion of immune cells and the highest prevalence of tumor- and immune exhaustion-associated cell states. Finally, a pseudotime analysis of POST transcriptional dynamics found that women diagnosed 1-2 years after delivery exhibited the strongest evidence for inflammatory signaling across the tissue. Our results highlight biological mechanisms distinguishing PRE and POST PA-TNBC across tissue regions and cell types. We emphasize the importance of early detection of malignant molecular signatures in morphologically normal epithelium in post-involution women and suggest that targeting the TME may improve treatment efficacy in post-involution PA-TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veraksa, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukund, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankhouser, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomsic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatasubramani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmolze, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeBlanc, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miele, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochoa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seewaldt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.09.710650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Landscape of Pregnancy-Associated Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Mammary Gland Involution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Brain Age Gap as a Predictor of Alcohol Initiation in Adolescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests regional and network-level brain imaging features in late childhood are predictive of alcohol use in adolescence. However, the directionality of these effects (i.e. whether they reflect accelerated or delayed neuromaturation) are mixed. We applied a Brain Age Gap Estimation (BrainAGE) model to examine whether overall deviations from typical brain aging trajectories are predictive of (1) alcohol initiation and (2) use behaviour (experimentation versus binge drinking) in adolescence.

MethodsData from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study release 6.0 were used. Baseline (ages 9-11) structural imaging features (cortical volume, area, and subcortical volume) were used to estimate BrainAGE. Alcohol use was determined using self-report data from the Substance Use Interview and Timeline Follow-Back across follow-ups (waves 1-6; ages 10-17). Logistic generalized mixed effects models examined whether BrainAGE predicted group status between (1) non-initiators (n=3,639) and initiators (n=1,176), and; (2) experimentation (at least one full drink, no binge episodes; n=461) and binge drinking (at least one episode; n=438).

ResultsWhen adjusting for age, sex, and pubertal status, a one-standard-deviation decrease in BrainAGE (equivalent to 1.64 years) at baseline was associated with a 9.5% increase in odds of alcohol initiation in adolescence. However, this effect did not survive adjustment for sociodemographic and prior alcohol exposure covariates. Further, BrainAGE did not discriminate between experimentation and binge drinking.

ConclusionsFindings suggest BrainAGE in late childhood may reflect potential risk for alcohol initiation, but not behaviours, in adolescence. However, this association likely reflects complex interactions between brain structure and contextual factors, warranting further investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Byrne, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Visontay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devine, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Squeglia, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mewton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Brain Age Gap as a Predictor of Alcohol Initiation in Adolescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and accurate resolution of ecDNA sequence using Cycle-Extractor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) plays a key role in cancer pathology. EcDNAs mediate high oncogene amplification and expression and worse patient outcomes. Accurately determining the structure of these circular molecules is essential for understanding their function, yet reconstructing ecDNA cycles from sequencing data remains challenging. We introduce Cycle-Extractor (CE) for reconstruction. CE accepts a breakpoint graph derived from either short or long read sequencing data as input and extracts a cycle with the maximum length-weighted-copy-number. CE utilizes a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) and a separate traversal procedure, enabling fast optimization and compatibility with free solvers.

We evaluated CE against CoRAL (long-read-based quadratic optimization), Decoil (long-reads), and AmpliconArchitect (AA for short reads) on both simulated data and real cancer cell lines. On simulated ecDNA, CE achieves performance comparable to CoRAL across three accuracy metrics and consistently outperforms AA and Decoil. On cancer cell lines, CE produces longer and heavier cycles than AA, and achieves performance similar to CoRAL. Moreover, CE is, on average, 40x faster than CoRAL. These results demonstrate that CE accurately reconstructs ecDNA from both short- and long-read sequencing data, while long-read inputs allow CE to recover more complete and higher-confidence ecDNA structures. CE improved the prediction of many ecDNA structures. On a PC3 ecDNA containing MYC, CE uses ONT data to reconstruct a substantially larger and higher-copy sequence (4.2 Mbp) compared to the short-read-derived reconstruction (690 Kbp). CRISPR-CATCH experiments confirm the presence of a large ecDNA molecule, validating the long-read-based CE reconstruction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faizrahnemoon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsz-Lo Wong, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>G. Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S. Mischel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Y. Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and accurate resolution of ecDNA sequence using Cycle-Extractor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.710980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multi-Omics Processing Pipeline (MOPP) for Extracting Taxonomic and Functional Insights from Metaribosome Profiling (metaRibo-Seq) data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.710980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metaribosome profiling (metaRibo-Seq) enables genome-wide measurement of translation across complex microbial communities by sequencing ribosome-protected mRNA fragments, but the short length of these footprints creates substantial nonspecific mapping against large reference genome collections, leading to spurious taxonomic and functional assignments. Here we present MOPP (Multi-Omics Processing Pipeline), a modular reference-based workflow that denoises metaRibo-Seq data by leveraging matched metagenomic coverage breadth to identify genomes likely to be truly present in a sample before aligning metatranslatomic and optional metatranscriptomic reads. MOPP generates taxon-by-gene count tables across genomic, transcriptional and translational layers, enabling integrated downstream analyses of microbial function. We evaluated MOPP using a defined 79-member synthetic human gut community profiled by metagenomics and metaRibo-Seq. Coverage breadth filtering markedly improved detection accuracy relative to a standard baseline workflow, with performance remaining robust across a broad intermediate threshold range and peaking at 92-95% coverage breadth. At a 92% threshold, MOPP reduced the number of distinct detected operational genomic units by 99.4% while retaining 87.8% of aligned metaRibo-Seq reads on average, and increased the F1 score from 0.02 to 0.61. Residual false positives were predominantly attributable to genomes with extremely high nucleotide similarity to true community members, whereas false negatives were enriched among low-abundance taxa, indicating that remaining errors are driven primarily by biological similarity and detection limits rather than widespread nonspecific mapping. Together, these results establish MOPP as a high-throughput workflow for robust processing of metaRibo-Seq in the context of matched metagenomics and position it as a scalable framework for integrated taxonomic and functional analysis of microbial communities across genomic, transcriptional and translational layers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyne, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.11.710980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multi-Omics Processing Pipeline (MOPP) for Extracting Taxonomic and Functional Insights from Metaribosome Profiling (metaRibo-Seq) data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Altered Cardiac Neural Crest Migration Patterning in a Left Atrial Ligation Model of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) contribute to key cardiac structures during embryonic development. Disruption of CNCC patterning or function can lead to congenital heart defects. Here, we investigate whether hemodynamic perturbation alters CNCC behavior in chick embryos. We use the left atrial ligation model to modify intracardiac blood flow in the early common-atrium, common-ventricle heart and track retrovirally labelled CNCCs for lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Results revealed a significant reduction of CNCC derivatives in major cardiac regions, including the pharyngeal arch arteries and myocardium, in flow-perturbed embryos compared with controls. Notably, despite reduced CNCC numbers in the PAAs, their relative proportion increased, suggesting retention within the PAAs and delayed differentiation. Transcriptional analysis shows the expression of CNCC post-migratory markers (HAND1, FOXC2, GATA6, and TBX2) were consistently downregulated at 4, 24, and 48 hours after LAL. Together, these findings indicate that hemodynamic perturbation impairs CNCC migration and differentiation while preserving their capacity to contribute to mature cardiac structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.11.711140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Altered Cardiac Neural Crest Migration Patterning in a Left Atrial Ligation Model of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flipper: An advanced framework for identifyingdifferential RNA binding behavior with eCLIP data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationCrosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods remain the gold stan-dard for characterizing RNA binding protein (RBP) behavior. As a result, many researchers rely on CLIP to assess how treatments targeting RBPs alter binding patterns and regulatory activity. However, current tools for differential RBP binding analysis lack core features required for rigorous statistical inference, including proper normalization and appropriate handling of replicate experiments. Furthermore, existing approaches cannot adequately separate expression driven effects from true changes in RBP binding, complicating interpretation of differential analyses. Addressing these limitations is essential for producing reproducible and informative analyses of differential RBP binding.

ResultsHere we present Flipper, an application purpose built for the analysis of differential RBP binding. Flipper introduces several innovations that adapt the DESeq2 framework for robust differential analysis of eCLIP count data. These include integration of input controls to account for expression driven binding shifts, hierarchical normalization strategies that adjust for technical variation without confounding signal to noise ratios, and improved post-differential analysis tools. We demonstrate that Flipper exhibits high specificity when applied to real differential eCLIP data while also providing deeper biological insights. In addition, analyses of both real and simulated data indicate that Flipper achieves superior sensitivity and precision compared with existing approaches. Together, these results highlight Flipper as a robust and generalizable framework for differential RBP binding analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flanagan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flipper: An advanced framework for identifyingdifferential RNA binding behavior with eCLIP data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.707781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Migration of dI5 Reelin-Lmx1b-Zfhx3 and Disabled-1-Lmx1b-Zfhx3 neurons contribute to the superficial dorsal horn and lamina V 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.707781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In adult superficial dorsal horn, 90% of Reelin (Reln+) and 70% of Disabled-1 (Dab1+) neurons co-express the transcription factor LIM-homeobox 1-beta (Lmx1b+) and therefore are glutamatergic neurons. Here we asked if embryonic Reln+Lmx1b+ and Dab1+Lmx1b+ dorsal horn neurons are derived from Lmx1b-expressing early-born dI5 or late-born dILB dorsal neurons. On Embryonic day (E)11.5, Reln+ and Dab1+ neurons appear to be part of the migration of early-born dI5 Lmx1b-expressing neurons. Between E12.5-E15.5, the lateral Reln+Lmx1b+ and Dab1+Lmx1b+ neurons migrate circumferentially along the rim of what will become the superficial dorsal horn, whereas medial Reln+Lmx1b+ and Dab1+Lmx1b+ neurons move into the dorsal midline and then migrate into lamina V. The small, late-born dILB Reln+Lmx1b+ and Dab1-Lmx1b+ neurons fill the superficial dorsal horn. In Reln mutants, large Dab1+Lmx1b+ neurons were mispositioned in lamina I and at the border between the superficial and deep dorsal horn. To confirm the identity of the circumferential and midline Reln+Lmx1b+ and Dab1+Lmx1b+ neurons, we asked if they expressed the transcription factor Zfhx3, a marker of dI5 projection neurons. We detected examples of Reln+Lmx1b+Zfhx3+ and Dab1+Lmx1b+Zfhx3+ projection neurons that migrated along the outer rim of the superficial dorsal horn and others that migrated from the midline into lamina V. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the larger Reln+Lmx1b+Zfhx3+ and Dab+Lmx1b+Zfhx3+ neurons represent two subsets of dI5 projections neurons, whereas smaller Reln+Lmx1b+ and Dab1+Lmx1b+ neurons concentrated in lamina II are likely dILB interneurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yvone, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez-Martinez, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekonnen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phelps, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.707781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Migration of dI5 Reelin-Lmx1b-Zfhx3 and Disabled-1-Lmx1b-Zfhx3 neurons contribute to the superficial dorsal horn and lamina V]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D vascular quantitation with application to computational modeling: a pre-clinical light sheet microscopy, high resolution ultrasound, nano-computed tomography comparison study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is increasingly necessary to both study biology in 3D and obtain quantitative measurements. Not all 3D-reconstructions are created equal, particularly when using the anatomical model as a basis for force calculations, i.e. computational modeling. Here, we compare 3D anatomical reconstructions from two emerging imaging modalities: 4D ultrasound (4DUS) and light sheet fluorescent microscopy (LSFM) against our previous nano-computed tomography (nanoCT) cohort data, using the tortuous highly intricate pharyngeal arch artery system of the chick embryo as a test bed. We highlight modality-specific morphological image acquisition discrepancies and their influence on subsequent computational fluid dynamics results. Overall, LSFM accurately captured quantitative volumetric measurements of small rapidly-changing vascular morphologies while 4DUS systematically inflated small tortuous vessels. Differences in image-based morphology changes led to significant changes in computationally-obtained force magnitudes and flow patterns linked to vessel angle and tortuosity. This validates LSFM as a comparative preclinical vascular quantitative imaging tool and suggests that 4DUS needs extensive 3D anatomical validation for non cardiac chamber vessels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsey, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D vascular quantitation with application to computational modeling: a pre-clinical light sheet microscopy, high resolution ultrasound, nano-computed tomography comparison study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.15.711929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibitor-2 directs formation of PP1 holoenzymes through a docking motif-dependent transfer of catalytic subunits to adapters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.15.711929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) achieve spatiotemporal substrate specificity by assembling with diverse regulatory adapters to form holoenzymes. Three conserved proteins--Sds22, Inhibitor-2 and Inhibitor-3--facilitate loading of PP1 catalytic subunits (PP1cs) onto adapters. We show here that Inhibitor-2 is central to a dynamic cycle that directs formation of adapter-bound PP1 holoenzymes. Inhibitor-2 engages PP1cs via two adapter-like docking motifs (RVxF and SILK) and an active site-binding inhibitory region. While Inhibitor-2 depletion produced moderate phenotypes, mutation of its RVxF docking motif caused severe defects resembling global PP1c inhibition. The RVxF mutant did not prevent PP1c binding or reduce PP1c stability but inhibited formation of adapter-bound holoenzymes. The severe effects of the RVxF mutation were suppressed by linked mutation of the inhibitory active site-binding motif. These results suggest that Inhibitor-2 is integral to a dynamic cycle that delivers PP1cs to adapters, with its RVxF motif being critical for coupling relief of active site inhibition to adapter handoff.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Varshney, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlientz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meaders, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oegema, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.15.711929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibitor-2 directs formation of PP1 holoenzymes through a docking motif-dependent transfer of catalytic subunits to adapters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-related sleep changes in the human brain: insights from a large-scale thalamocortical model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation relies on slow oscillations (SOs) that coordinate large-scale brain dynamics during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Aging disrupts SO properties -- reducing amplitude, density, and slope while altering the spatiotemporal patterns of slow-wave propagation -- yet the circuit-level mechanisms linking structural brain changes to these disruptions remain poorly understood. Here we present a multi-scale, whole-brain thalamocortical network model incorporating biologically grounded human connectivity derived from diffusion MRI tractography, comprising over 10,000 cortical columns per hemisphere with spiking pyramidal and inhibitory neurons and an anatomically differentiated thalamic module. Simulating progressive synaptic loss, we find that selective degradation of recurrent excitatory connectivity, but not excitatory-inhibitory projections, reproduces empirically observed age-related SO changes. These results suggest that aging selectively disrupts the temporal structure of slow-wave sleep critical for interference-free memory consolidation, providing mechanistic insight into cognitive decline in the aging brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Navas Zuloaga, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazhenov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-related sleep changes in the human brain: insights from a large-scale thalamocortical model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Surfactant Cocktail Overcomes Air-Water Interface Artifacts in Single-Particle CryoEM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) is a widely used technique for structure determination of biomacromolecules to near-atomic resolution. Random distributions of these molecules in vitrified ice are necessary to accumulate enough two-dimensional views to generate a complete three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. However, interactions between the sample and the air-water interface (AWI) that occur during vitrification often bias the views of the sample, a phenomenon termed preferred orientation, limiting our ability to obtain 3-D reconstructions. Surfactants are often used as sample additives to prevent AWI-induced deterioration, but no general strategy exists for surfactant choice, requiring laborious screening for each sample. To circumvent these issues, we developed SurfACT, a cocktail of diverse surfactants with distinct physicochemical properties that limits AWI-dependent sample denaturation and orientation bias, while mitigating individual surfactant-specific drawbacks. Here we demonstrate SurfACTs effectiveness with four proteins plagued by AWI-induced issues, including two species of hemagglutinin (HA), molybdenum-iron protein (MoFeP) from the nitrogenase enzyme, and aldolase. All four samples show drastically improved viewing distribution and map completeness when SurfACT is applied. Cryogenic electron tomography demonstrates that SurfACT redistributes particles from the AWI into the bulk ice, driving signal recovery and inhibiting denaturation. This versatile sample additive minimizes sample-specific screening and expands the capabilities and range of suitable samples for cryoEM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enos, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narehood, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuschnerus, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redford, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dukakis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachochin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grotjahn, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzik, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.17.712260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Surfactant Cocktail Overcomes Air-Water Interface Artifacts in Single-Particle CryoEM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High specificity meets genomic flexibility in the Siphamia-Photobacterium symbiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host-microbe symbioses must balance partner specificity with enough flexibility to remain adaptable to environmental change. The Siphamia-Photobacterium symbiosis exemplifies this balance, as tropical siphonfish (Siphamia spp.) form a highly specific association with the bioluminescent bacterium Photobacterium mandapamensis, though it is unknown whether this specificity extends to temperate species of siphonfish. Here, we use long-read genome sequencing and functional assays to characterize the strain-level diversity of symbionts isolated from two temperate siphonfish hosts, Siphamia cephalotes and Siphamia roseigaster, and compare them to tropical isolates. We found that both hosts exclusively associate with P. mandapamensis in their light organs and that temperate strains form host-specific clades despite being collected in close proximity (< 5km). This is consistent with selective host filtering, microhabitat-driven adaptation, or conspecific host seeding. Pangenome analyses showed notable differences in accessory gene content, variation in the lux-rib operon, and a dramatic expansion of mobile genetic element (MGE) content in a subset of strains. We also identified the first host-derived P. mandapamensis isolate that is non-luminescent under laboratory conditions despite an intact lux-rib operon. Luminescence varied across strains, salinities, and temperature but was not correlated with the presence of luxF, with the majority of high-MGE strains exhibiting reduced light output. Together, these results extend the specificity of the Siphamia-Photobacterium symbiosis into temperate hosts and show that animals can maintain tight symbiont specificity despite the symbiont harboring substantial genomic and phenotypic flexibility at the strain level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Osland, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaisiner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hays, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High specificity meets genomic flexibility in the Siphamia-Photobacterium symbiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.711569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative food-web analysis of bluefin tuna spawning habitats in the eastern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Mexico 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.18.711569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using linear inverse ecosystem modeling as a data assimilation tool, we compare spawning grounds of Atlantic and Southern Bluefin Tuna (ABT and SBT, respectively) based on results from field campaigns in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and eastern Indian Ocean off northwest Australia (Argo Basin). Both regions are warm, stratified, low-nutrient waters dominated by cyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus). Despite these similarities, the Argo Basin is more productive, with [~]1.5X higher net primary production and nearly 2X higher production of top trophic levels in the model (tuna larvae, planktivorous fish, and predatory gelatinous zooplankton). Higher primary production in the Argo Basin is mainly driven by higher N2 fixation and storm mixing of new nutrients in the upper and lower euphotic zone, respectively. Increased ecosystem efficiency (secondary production of top trophic levels / primary production) results from differences in plankton food web organization. In the GoM, protistan zooplankton are the direct consumers of nearly all phytoplankton production. In contrast, higher rates of herbivory by crustaceans feeding on nanophytoplankton combines with a higher impact of appendicularians on cyanobacteria to convert plankton production into larval tuna prey more efficiently in the Argo Basin. Despite similarities in the proportions of phytoplankton production mediated by cyanobacteria and other picoplankton in both systems, food web pathways to larval tuna and other planktivorous fish are substantially shorter in the Argo Basin. Our results highlight the impact of distinct zooplankton ecological niches on ecosystem efficiency and suggest a need for better inclusion of plankton food-web structure in models simulating climate impacts on fisheries production.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIDeveloped food web models of tuna spawning habitat (Indian Ocean & Gulf of Mexico)
C_LIO_LISpawning habitats in the Argo Basin and Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are both oligotrophic
C_LIO_LIArgo Basin had higher net primary production in part as a result of nitrogen fixation
C_LIO_LIArgo Basin had higher rates of direct herbivory by metazoan zooplankton
C_LIO_LIThis resulted in greater ecosystem efficiency in the Argo Basin.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stukel, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landry, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decima, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fender, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laiz-Carrion, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>QUINTANILLA, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selph, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swalethorp, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yingling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.18.711569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative food-web analysis of bluefin tuna spawning habitats in the eastern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Mexico]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic optimization of extrachromosomal DNA copy number drives tumour evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is common in human cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, yet how ecDNA-driven genetic heterogeneity is translated into functional heterogeneity remains unclear. Using single-cell multiomics sequencing and multiplexed IF-FISH, we show that asymmetric inheritance of ecDNA generates copy number heterogeneity that propagates to gene expression programs, including oncogenic signaling and cellular stress responses. Transgenerational live-cell lineage tracking directly shows that ecDNA heterogeneity arises within only a few cell divisions and modulates daughter cell division timing in a copy number-dependent manner, a property not observed for evenly inherited chromosomal amplicons. We identify an optimal middle ecDNA copy number range that maximizes proliferative fitness at baseline, while drug selection pressure induced by low-dose CHK1 inhibition selects for cells with a new optimal range at low ecDNA copy numbers. These low ecDNA copy number cells pre-exist in the population and can be generated de novo, driving copy number shifts promoting drug resistance. In vivo experiments further demonstrate that shifts toward ecDNA copy numbers that are optimal under the tumour microenvironment enhance tumourigenicity. Together, these findings establish ecDNA copy number plasticity as a central driver of tumour evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gnanasekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curtis, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, I. T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ventura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Werner, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mischel, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic optimization of extrachromosomal DNA copy number drives tumour evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disease context dictates the cellular targets of IL-17 in inflammatory skin disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic blockade of IL-17 and TNF can effectively treat inflammatory skin diseases such as hidradenitis suppurativa and psoriasis, yet the relative importance of the different cell types that respond to IL-17 and TNF remains unresolved. Keratinocytes are viewed as the dominant effector cells, whereas fibroblasts have recently emerged as important contributors. In mice, topical imiquimod induces IL-17- and TNF-dependent skin inflammation and is frequently used to model psoriasis. Here, we demonstrate that intradermal injection of recombinant IL-17 and TNF elicits skin inflammation with features of hidradenitis suppurativa, including a gene expression program that is distinct from psoriasis and imiquimod-induced inflammation. Single-cell transcriptomic network analysis identified dermal fibroblasts as the dominant cell communication hub in hidradenitis suppurativa and in mice injected with IL-17 and TNF. In contrast, fibroblasts and keratinocytes both show strong network involvement in psoriasis and in mice challenged with imiquimod. Cell-type-specific deletion of IL-17 receptor A in mice revealed that imiquimod-induced inflammation depends equally on IL-17 signaling in fibroblasts and keratinocytes, whereas inflammation induced by intradermal IL-17 and TNF only requires fibroblasts to recognize IL-17 and is independent of keratinocyte IL-17 sensing. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of these conditional knockout mice further demonstrated that keratinocytes and fibroblasts activate divergent and disease-dependent transcriptional programs following activation by IL-17. Together, these findings introduce a new conceptual framework wherein IL-17 signaling is routed through distinct cellular and molecular pathways depending on disease context and establish complementary experimental systems for interrogating type 17 skin inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cavagnero, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahlenberg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoi, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudjonsson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallo, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disease context dictates the cellular targets of IL-17 in inflammatory skin disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.24.713987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alkaline phosphatase activity supports heterotrophic carbon acquisition in a coastal time series site and a representative marine bacterium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.24.713987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphorus is a vital nutrient required for the functioning of living organisms. In aquatic environments, dissolved inorganic phosphate is considered its most bioavailable form. However, phosphate can be scarce, which has the potential to limit microbial metabolism and ecosystem functioning. To overcome phosphate scarcity, microbes produce alkaline phosphatase (AP) to access dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Here, we conducted a year-long study of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) at the Ellen Browning Scripps Memorial Pier, a nutrient-rich coastal site. APA was observed throughout the year despite phosphate-replete conditions, suggesting that the role of APs in microbial nutrition is not completely understood. We tested the hypothesis that APA may promote acquisition of organic carbon liberated from DOP hydrolysis by growing the heterotrophic marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi on three DOP compounds as sole carbon sources and assessing APA. Controlling for carbon concentration, all DOP sources supported growth, but at lower levels than glucose, with the highest growth observed on glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), followed by adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Moreover, cell-specific APA was significantly enhanced in carbon-deplete conditions and during growth on G6P, relative to cultures grown on replete glucose or nucleotides. These findings suggest alkaline phosphatases (APs) are part of a generic carbon stress response and likely play a role in acquiring certain forms of organic carbon by R. pomeroyi, with implications for other taxa. Overall, this study helps advance the current state of knowledge regarding microbial phosphorus cycling and carbon utilization in aquatic environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sachdev, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanpher, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tostado, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingall, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.24.713987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alkaline phosphatase activity supports heterotrophic carbon acquisition in a coastal time series site and a representative marine bacterium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NetTracer3D Enables User-Friendly Analysis of Diverse Microscopic and Medical 3D Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in high-resolution imaging and spatial transcriptomics have enabled reconstruction of complex 3D tissue maps, providing unprecedented insights into cellular connectivity, organization, and tissue architecture. However, standardization challenges hinder integration, sharing, and analysis of these datasets across research communities. We developed NetTracer3D to simplify three-dimensional image analysis across diverse datasets. NetTracer3D is an integrated tool for defining, processing, and sharing 3D tissue maps with standardized data formats and interactive exploration capabilities. It provides three broadly applicable network analysis modalities: Connectivity networks for analyzing functional tissue units or cells connected via secondary structures such as nerves or vasculature; Branch Adjacency and Branchpoint networks for converting branched anatomical structures into analyzable representations; and Proximity networks for grouping structures by spatial relationships to identify cellular organization patterns. We demonstrate several use cases applying NetTracer3D to analyze multidimensional data from CODEX and label free Raman spectroscopy, multiscalar data encompassing subcellular and anatomical scales and a range of modalities. NetTracer3D was able to characterize neural relationships between functional tissue units in human and mouse kidneys and mouse bronchi. Branchpoint networks were used to identify vascular defects in human brain angiogram and define the innervation structure of a lymph node. Finally, we demonstrate how proximity networks characterize the tumor microenvironment in 3D light sheet cancer images and auto-detect cellular neighborhoods in multiplexed 2D CODEX datasets. Beyond network creation, NetTracer3D enables analysis, spatial statistics, and visual analytics tailored for volumetric tissue data. By establishing interoperable formats and analysis workflows, this work provides accessible and reproducible analytical tools for 3D spatial biology, enabling new discoveries of relationships between structure and physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villazon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamon, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sequeira-Lopez, M. L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.25.714104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NetTracer3D Enables User-Friendly Analysis of Diverse Microscopic and Medical 3D Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenic human mitochondrial tRNA variants impair RNA processing by compromising 5' leader removal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes multiple proteins in the oxidative phosphorylation complexes as well as the ribosomal and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) needed for in situ translation. These genes are transcribed from only three promoters, producing polycistronic transcripts that are co-transcriptionally cleaved by mitochondrial RNase enzymes to release majority of individual gene products. tRNAs separate many of these genes and are thought to serve as "punctuation" marks that enable RNase recognition, binding, and hydrolysis of the 5' "leader" and 3' "trailer" sequences flanking the tRNA. Mutations in the tRNA genes dominate the mtDNA-linked mitochondrial pathologies; yet a systematic study of the impact of tRNA sequence variation on the RNase-catalyzed processing is lacking. Here, we employed human mitochondrial tRNATyr as a model system to dissect the effect of tRNA variants on the in vitro 5' leader and 3' trailer hydrolysis. We found that nucleotide variations located near the catalytic interfaces - particularly within or near the tRNA acceptor stem - showed the strongest defects in 5' processing and prevented release of the downstream tRNA in a tRNA cluster where multiple tRNAs are transcribed in tandem. This work provides mechanistic insight into how mutations disrupt coordinated mitochondrial tRNA processing and establish a framework for predicting variant effects based on their structural position relative to the processing enzymes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Munozvilla, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ontiveros, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishanina, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.25.714317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenic human mitochondrial tRNA variants impair RNA processing by compromising 5' leader removal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibitory-modulatory coupling generates persistent activity during working memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Working memory requires the stable maintenance of neural representations across temporal gaps, yet the circuit mechanisms that generate and stabilize persistent activity remain unsolved. Prevailing models emphasize recurrent excitation as the principal substrate of persistence, but how inhibitory and modulatory interactions shape the stability of temporal dynamics is unclear. Here, using trace conditioning in Drosophila, a working memory-dependent form of associative learning, we identify reciprocal inhibition as a circuit mechanism for sustaining persistent activity. In trace conditioning, a "trace" interval separates the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, requiring maintenance of a neural representation across the trace interval, to support learning. Combining virtual-reality behavior, targeted neurogenetic perturbations, in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, and real-time neurotransmitter measurements, we uncover a reciprocal inhibitory microcircuit within the ellipsoid body that is selectively engaged during trace, but not delay (overlapping CS-US), conditioning. During the trace interval, ER2/4m neurons exhibit sustained activity, while reciprocally connected ER3/4d neurons show progressively strengthened suppression, forming a dynamically stabilized inhibitory loop. Disrupting GABA synthesis or reception within this circuit abolishes persistent activity and impairs trace learning, demonstrating the causal requirement for reciprocal inhibition in working memory maintenance. We further show that glutamatergic and nitric oxide signaling enhance inhibitory efficacy during the trace interval. In vivo neurotransmitter imaging reveals temporally structured dynamics in which glutamatergic signaling precedes and amplifies sustained GABAergic inhibition, consistent with modulatory stabilization of circuit persistence. Together, these findings identify reciprocal inhibition, reinforced by modulatory signaling, as a core circuit mechanism for dynamically stabilizing persistent neural representations. Our results challenge excitation-centric models of working memory and establish inhibitory-modulatory loops as a fundamental substrate for maintaining memory traces across time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heintschel, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grover, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibitory-modulatory coupling generates persistent activity during working memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A set of constitutive promoters with graded strengths for gene expression in diverse cyanobacterial strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.25.714268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyanobacteria have garnered interest as promising biological platforms for producing renewable biofuel, chemical feedstock, and bioactive molecules. For biotechnology applications, robust well-characterized genetic tools are required for genetically modifying cyanobacteria, but these tools are often developed for specific model strains. Here, we used broad host-range RSF1010-based plasmids to characterize a set of orthogonal constitutive promoters in diverse cyanobacterial strains. The promoters are random variants of the synthetic Escherichia coli PconII promoter. A library of PconII promoters driving a fluorescent reporter gene was first evaluated in Synechococcus elongatus and found to have a wide range of gene expression levels. A set of 25 promoter variants with graded strengths was selected after characterization in S. elongatus and three additional model cyanobacterial strains. To demonstrate the utility of these promoters, we isolated new genetically tractable cyanobacterial strains with high salt and alkalinity tolerance and transferred the subset of promoters into one of these newly isolated strains. Similar to the results with model strains, the subset of promoters had a wide range of expression levels in the non-model strain. These characterized promoters expand the genetic tools available for genetic engineering of model and non-model cyanobacterial strains.

ImportanceThe use of cyanobacteria to produce renewable products will require engineered expression of many genes that affect cell growth, metabolism, and agronomic properties, leading to efficient production of biomass and desired products. Engineering the strength of gene transcription is an important element of overall gene expression levels. The set of constitutive promoters described here, with a wide range of expression strengths characterized in several diverse cyanobacterial strains, provides an important resource for genetic engineering required for biotechnology applications.

Research AreasMicrobial genetics, plasmids and other genetic constructs, biotechnology

Journal SecctionBiotechnology
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Trieu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tieu, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golden, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.25.714268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A set of constitutive promoters with graded strengths for gene expression in diverse cyanobacterial strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.711974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Panmap: Scalable phylogeny-guided alignment, genotyping, and placement on pangenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.711974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pangenomes capture population-level variation but remain computationally challenging at scale. We present Panmap, a tool that leverages evolutionary structure to place, align, and genotype sequencing reads against mutation-annotated pangenomes containing up to millions of genomes. Panmap introduces a phylogenetically compressed k-mer index that stores only sequence differences along branches, enabling efficient comparison of reads to both sampled genomes and inferred ancestors. This approach reduces index size by up to 600-fold and construction time by over three orders of magnitude relative to existing tools. Panmap places a 100x coverage SARS-CoV-2 sample onto 20,000 genomes in 0.4 seconds and onto 8 million genomes in under two minutes. Furthermore, it enables accurate haplotype identification and abundance estimation in metagenomic samples and sensitive placement of ancient environmental DNA without prior alignment. Our approach makes large-scale pangenomes directly amenable to read mapping, genome assembly, alignment-free phylogenetic placement, and metagenomic analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kramer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayala, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Sanctis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karim, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinrichs, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turakhia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett-Detig, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.711974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Panmap: Scalable phylogeny-guided alignment, genotyping, and placement on pangenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adrβ2 in skeletal muscle cells is required for exercise-induced Pgc1α but not for metabolic benefits of exercise on diet-induced obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{beta}2-Adrenergic receptor (Adr{beta}2) is the most abundant form of adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle. Our previous studies have shown that the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) regulates metabolic benefits of exercise, potentially by skeletal muscle Adr{beta}2. Although a large body of literature has shown the importance of Adr{beta}2 on skeletal muscle physiology, it remains unexplored whether skeletal muscle Adr{beta}2 contributes to metabolic benefits of exercise, such as prevention of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we generated mice lacking Adr{beta}2 in skeletal muscle cells (SKMAdr{beta}2) and tested whether SKMAdr{beta}2 is required for metabolic benefits of exercise on DIO. Deletion of SKMAdr{beta}2 completely abolished the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Pgc-1) in skeletal muscle by {beta}2-agonist, which is a potent activator of Pgc-1. Exercise upregulates Pgc-1, which regulates a broad range of skeletal muscle physiology, including hypertrophy and mitochondrial function. Deletion of SKMAdr{beta}2 hampers augmented Pgc-1 in skeletal muscle by a single bout of exercise. Intriguingly, we found that deletion of SKMAdr{beta}2 increased endurance capacity. Further, our data showed that body weight in DIO mice lacking SKMAdr{beta}2 is comparable to that of control DIO mice during exercise training, suggesting that deletion of SKMAdr{beta}2 did not affect the metabolic benefits of exercise in DIO. Collectively, our data indicate that SKMAdr{beta}2 contributes to exercise-induced transcriptional changes and endurance capacity, however, it is not required for exercise benefits on bodyweight in DIO mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Galvan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujitani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dushime, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baset, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castorena, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmquist, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujikawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adrβ2 in skeletal muscle cells is required for exercise-induced Pgc1α but not for metabolic benefits of exercise on diet-induced obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-Metabolomics Repository Mapping of the Carnitine Landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carnitines are a structurally diverse class of metabolites formed by conjugation of L-carnitine with fatty acids, amino acids, xenobiotics, and microbial metabolites. They play roles in transport, mitochondrial and peroxisomal metabolism, detoxification, and systemic signaling, yet their chemical diversity remains incompletely defined. We applied a pan-repository data mining strategy of LC-MS/MS data across GNPS/MassIVE, MetaboLights, and Metabolomics Workbench using MassQL diagnostic fragment ion filtering to systematically extract acylcarnitine spectra. This yielded a library of 34,222 unique MS/MS spectra representing 2,857 atomic compositions, corresponding to 3,872,050 detections. These datasets provide an MS/MS library for annotation, discovery, and contextualization of acylcarnitines, enabling identification of previously unknown carnitines, such as dihydroferulic acid conjugated carnitines and supporting future exploration of this metabolite class across host metabolism, diet, microbial activity, pharmacological exposures, and metabolic dysregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agongo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gouda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves Nunes, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Faassen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siegel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnett, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-Metabolomics Repository Mapping of the Carnitine Landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715116v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A NOD2-Encoded Toggle Switch Resolves the Host-Microbe Battle Over Cyclic AMP Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715116v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathogens hijack macrophages by triggering pathological cAMP surges that block phagolysosomal killing--a defect mirrored in phagocytes from refractory colitis. We identify a host-encoded, pathogen-specific surge-protector comprised of a three-protein toggle: The innate sensor NOD2 binds and masks an evolutionarily conserved motif in GIV that activates trimeric-GTPase Gi, enforcing a biphasic surge-to-plunge cAMP-program: early, NOD2*GIV assembly permits a brief, tolerogenic cAMP rise, whereas subsequent GIV*Gi engagement collapses cAMP to drive phagolysosomal fusion and microbial clearance. Structural, biochemical, and ultrastructural analyses reveal how molecular toggling imposes precise spatial and temporal control. Pharmacogenomic perturbations pinpoint cAMP-PKA hyperactivation as the defining lesion in GIV-deficient macrophages. Functional studies in primary macrophages and human gut organoid co-cultures show that toggling the NOD2*GIV*Gi-axis is necessary and sufficient to convert tolerant macrophages into microbicidal machines that preserve mucosal barrier integrity. These findings uncover a druggable cAMP-control pathway with therapeutic promise in colitis.

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/715116v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (70K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b40beaorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7a6038org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@433d67org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@743f95_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG eTOC BlurbPathogens hijack macrophages by inducing cAMP surges that help them evade clearance. Anandachar et al. identify a host "toggle switch" in which NOD2 and G proteins compete for GIV, driving a rapid and robust surge-to-plunge transition in cAMP. This temporal switch limits tolerogenic signaling, restores microbial clearance and barrier integrity, and unveils a targetable host pathway in infection and IBD.

HighlightsO_LIPathogens exploit cAMP surges in macrophages to block phagolysosomal killing of microbes
C_LIO_LIGIV acts as a molecular "toggle" linking NOD2 sensing to Gi-mediated cAMP control
C_LIO_LIStructural and mutagenesis studies reveal mutually exclusive binding of NOD2 and Gi to GIV
C_LIO_LIPharmacogenomic perturbations pinpoint PKA, not EPAC, as the critical downstream effector
C_LIO_LIOrganoid co-cultures show NOD2-GIV-PKA crosstalk safeguards microbial clearance and gut barrier integrity
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Anandachar, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katkar, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinoza, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullick, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakayama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estanol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zablan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tindle, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kufareva, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.715116</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A NOD2-Encoded Toggle Switch Resolves the Host-Microbe Battle Over Cyclic AMP Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serum metabolic signatures of cognitive resilience in a longitudinal aging cohort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging is typically accompanied by a progressive decline in cognitive function, yet some individuals maintain exceptional cognitive performance, even across the transition from middle to older age, defining exceptional cognitive resilience. While existing measures of resilience primarily rely on clinical assessments, its molecular determinants and early predictive markers remain poorly understood. Here, we performed untargeted LC-MS/MS profiling of longitudinal serum samples to identify metabolic signatures associated with cognitive resilience, which was established based on cognitive tests conducted over 28 years in a cohort of 237 participants. We observed associations across multiple chemical classes, including carnitines, glutamine conjugates, phosphocholines, as well as diet-and drug-derived metabolites. Chemical class-specific analyses revealed distinct metabolic profiles, including predominantly negative associations of medium-chain acylcarnitines with cognitive resilience, increased accumulation of glucuronide conjugates in individuals with low cognitive resilience, altered metabolism of the antihypertensive drug, metoprolol, and elevated levels of dietary compounds such as piperine and lutein in individuals with high cognitive resilience. By leveraging public metabolomics data, we further contextualized the metabolic signatures with respect to their organ specificity, microbial origin, and disease associations. Collectively, these metabolic features, including several previously underexplored compounds, represent promising candidates for functional characterization in mechanisms of aging biology and provide mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of cognitive resilience.

HighlightsO_LISerum metabolite MS/MS features, including acyl carnitines, phosphocholines, and hippuric acid conjugates, are associated with cognitive resilience in 237 individuals transitioning from middle to older age.
C_LIO_LIDiet-derived piperine is positively associated with cognitive resilience.
C_LIO_LIDifferences in {beta}-blocker drug metabolism, rather than parent drug levels, are associated with cognitive resilience.
C_LIO_LIRepository-scale searches for the resilience-associated metabolites reveal organ specificity, microbial contributions, and their presence across multiple disease contexts.
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=166 SRC="FIGDIR/small/715122v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@133b7ceorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@686c5eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a297bcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@197d42d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheurink, T. A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina, A. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.715122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serum metabolic signatures of cognitive resilience in a longitudinal aging cohort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Farnesoid X receptor-dependent microbiome-bile acid signaling mediates obstructive sleep apnea-induced atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia (IHC), a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), accelerates atherosclerosis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The gut microbiota and metabolites, specifically bile acids, change with IHC and thus the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) might mediate IHC-induced atherosclerosis. In this study, ApoE-/- and ApoE-/- FXR-/- mice were exposed to IHC or room air and fed with a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Markers of atherosclerosis, fecal microbiome, and metabolome were then examined via Sudan IV staining, absolute abundance shotgun metagenomics, and untargeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). IHC markedly increased aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice, an increase that was abolished by FXR deficiency. In addition, IHC reshaped gut microbial composition, promoting enrichment of bile acid-modifying taxa and increasing levels of microbial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsdh). The bile acid pool was also remodeled and associated with aortic atherosclerosis via FXR-dependent metabolic signals in ApoE-/- mice. Knockout of FXR disrupted microbiome shift under IHC and uncoupled microbial bile acid metabolism from vascular lesion development, thereby protecting against aortic atherosclerosis. These findings show that FXR has a central role in linking IHC, microbial bile acid metabolism, and cardiovascular pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allaband, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poulsen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meadows, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambre, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackermann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birmingham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohanty, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haddad, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Farnesoid X receptor-dependent microbiome-bile acid signaling mediates obstructive sleep apnea-induced atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Receptor-guided AAV Tropism Engineering via MATCH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise control over viral tropism remains a major challenge in the development of gene delivery technologies. We present MATCH (Modulation of AAV Tropism through Conjugation to Homing proteins), a modular biochemical method that enables programmable, receptor-guided retargeting of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) through site-specific covalent protein conjugation. By incorporating a SpyTag peptide motif into selected AAV capsid loops, MATCH allows one-step, stoichiometrically defined attachment of recombinant SpyCatcher-linked targeting proteins to the viral surface. Using mosaic AAV-DJ and AAV9 capsids with controlled SpyTag incorporation, we achieve efficient assembly and tunable ligand display. MATCH-AAVs conjugated to an anti-CD3 single-chain antibody efficiently activate and transduce resting human T cells within mixed PBMC populations in vitro, achieving transduction levels of up to [~]58% of total PBMCs. Conjugation to transferrin receptor (TfR1)-binding proteins yielded enhanced brain transduction in vivo, with murine TfR1-targeted MATCH-AAV9 exhibiting up to an 84-fold increase in brain expression relative to wild-type AAV9. Human TfR1-targeted vectors similarly enabled robust, receptor-dependent transduction both in vitro and in humanized mouse models. Both TfR-targeted vectors enabled widespread transduction of the parenchyma, consistent with TfR1-mediated crossing of the blood-brain barrier. Finally, we establish a streamlined one-pot "Mix-and-MATCH" production strategy in which capsid and targeting ligands are co-expressed during vector generation, yielding functional, targeted AAVs at titers comparable to conventional production. This simple and generalizable synthetic-biology approach provides a versatile toolkit for rational AAV tropism engineering, offering a scalable route to custom vector design for research and therapeutic applications.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Graham, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rainaldi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoso, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Receptor-guided AAV Tropism Engineering via MATCH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Infant antibiotic treatment is associated with increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases, potentially through disruption of the gut microbiome. However, the impact of indirect antibiotic exposure via human milk remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate a cohort (n=80) of antibiotic-treated breastfeeding mother-infant dyads and untreated matching controls using integrative multi-omics analyses of fecal, milk, and skin samples (n=1,455). Maternal antibiotic treatment was associated with different infant fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles, including lower abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, and higher levels of antimicrobial resistance gene reads. Further, fecal metabolic alterations associated with indirect antibiotic exposure were exacerbated by formula milk supplementation. In a subset of infants (n=61), indirect exposure was associated with higher body mass index (BMI). These findings suggest that maternal antibiotic treatment during lactation may influence the early-life infant gut microbiome with potential long-term implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kvitne, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agongo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleray, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Abiead, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zemlin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghadishah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Momper, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhandynata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertrand, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsunoda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibiotic Exposure Through Human Milk Influences the Infant Gut Microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional genomics reveals mediators of beta cell survival in ER stress and type 2 diabetes risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pancreatic beta cells contributes to impaired function and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study we performed genome-wide perturbation screens and genomic profiling in beta cells to identify novel mediators of ER stress responses and diabetes risk. We defined gene regulatory networks in beta cells and identified specific beta cell networks enriched for T2D risk variants with altered expression in ER stress. We performed a loss-of-function CRISPR screen for survival under ER stress in EndoC-{beta}H1 cells, which identified 167 pro-survival and 47 pro-death genes involved in processes related to insulin secretion, mitochondrial transport and protein ubiquitination. Beta cell survival genes collectively had limited genomic change in stress yet showed significant, independent enrichment for T2D risk variants, including novel T2D candidate gene DTNB which we validated protects against beta cell death during stress. Overall, our results revealed mediators of ER stress responses in beta cells and identified new therapeutic targets to preserve beta cells in diabetes pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okino, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corban, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benaglio, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djulamsah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OMahony, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderstel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elgamal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaulton, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.30.715154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional genomics reveals mediators of beta cell survival in ER stress and type 2 diabetes risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupling between sterol and sphingolipid structure in ordered membrane domains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of eukaryotic membranes is the pairing of lineage-specific sterols with characteristic sphingolipid species. Mammalian cell membranes are enriched in both cholesterol and long-chain sphingolipids like sphingomyelin, whereas fungi synthesize ergosterol and very long-chain sphingolipids with sugar-containing head groups. It has been proposed that these two lipid classes co-evolved to support membrane structure and organization. Here we investigated how sterol structure and sphingolipid chain length together control membrane order and phase behavior. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of very long-chain C26 sphingolipids disrupted formation of liquid-ordered (Lo) domains in the vacuole membrane. Similarly, substitution of ergosterol synthesis for that of cholesterol also prevented vacuole Lo domains. To determine a possible physical basis of these effects, we investigated synthetic membranes of defined composition containing either ergosterol or cholesterol and sphingomyelin with different chain lengths. In membranes containing egg sphingomyelin with C16 chains, ergosterol only sparsely supported Lo domains, in contrast to cholesterol. Membranes containing sphingomyelin with C26 chains displayed a different pattern. Cholesterol mixtures were largely homogeneous across most compositions, with only a limited region that supported fluid domains. Ergosterol mixtures exhibited a distinct compositional window that supported fluid domains positioned between regimes of uniform membranes and gel phases. This window corresponded to stoichiometric changes in the vacuole as it phase-separates during nutritional restriction. Measurements of membrane order showed that cholesterol strongly increased membrane packing compared to ergosterol in membranes containing egg sphingomyelin, whereas this difference was lost in membranes containing C26 sphingomyelin. The results suggest that sphingolipid chain length can tune sterol interactions needed for membrane organization.

SignificanceMembrane phase separation into coexisting ordered and disordered fluid domains has largely been investigated using characteristic mammalian lipid components, cholesterol and long-chain saturated lipids like sphingomyelin. Under nutrient limitation, vacuole membranes in yeast organize into micron-scale domains that are important for their physiology. Compared to mammals, yeast synthesize an alternative sterol, ergosterol, and sphingolipids with very long-chains. We show that vacuole membrane domains are sensitive to both these features, which also show preferential interactions in liposomes that support membrane ordering and phase properties. In lipid mixtures containing very long-chain sphingomyelins, stoichiometric regimes that support phase separation of fluid domains are similar to those of the vacuole lipidome under nutrient limitation. This finding supports a model in which sterols and sphingolipids co-evolved to support membrane structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Juarez-Contreras, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupling between sterol and sphingolipid structure in ordered membrane domains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Left atrial flow and thrombosis risk from 4D CT contrast dynamics by physics-informed neural network and indicator dilution theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atrial fibrillation (AF) promotes blood stasis and thrombus formation, most often within the left atrial appendage (LAA), and can lead to stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Time-resolved contrast-enhanced computed tomography (4D CT) captures left atrial (LA) opacification and washout, but it does not directly provide quantitative stasis metrics such as blood residence time. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can quantify LA/LAA residence time, yet routine clinical use is limited by computational cost and sensitivity to patient-specific boundary conditions. Here, we present two complementary approaches to infer time-resolved 3D residence time fields directly from contrast dynamics. First, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) treats contrast as a passive scalar and jointly reconstructs velocity and residence time by enforcing the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and transport equations for contrast concentration and residence time in moving, patient-specific LA anatomies. Second, an indicator dilution theory (IDT) formulation computes voxelwise, time-resolved residence time maps from contrast time curves alone by constructing a PV-referenced impulse response and modeling transport with a tank-in-series model with spatially dependent parameters. Both methods are benchmarked against patient-specific CFD in six cases spanning diverse LA function, including three patients with TIA or thrombus in the LAA and three patients free of events. Both approaches reproduce expected spatial and temporal trends, with higher residence time in the distal LAA and higher LAA residence time in cases with TIA or thrombus. IDT demonstrates the closest agreement with CFD across the full range of residence times and produces maps in seconds, facilitating clinical translation. In contrast, the PINN additionally recovers phase-dependent atrial flow structures, but tends to smooth and underestimate the highest residence-time regions and requires hours of training. Together, these results support a scalable workflow in which IDT enables rapid stasis screening from contrast CT, and PINNs provide a complementary pathway for detailed, patient-specific hemodynamic inference when full-field flow information is needed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maidu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero-Hurtado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bargellini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Legazpi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermejo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contijoch, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Villalba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVeigh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>del Alamo, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Left atrial flow and thrombosis risk from 4D CT contrast dynamics by physics-informed neural network and indicator dilution theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Top-down regulation of ingestive behavior fragmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In natural environments, animals rarely feed continuously to satiation; instead, feeding occurs in brief bouts separated by pauses. This fragmentation is thought to balance internal drives with external demands, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. By combining bidirectional neural activity mapping and behavioral phenotyping, we identify a projection from the dorsal subiculum (dSub) of the hippocampus to the mammillary body (MB) as a key regulator of this fragmentation. Activity along the dSub-MB pathway tracks and gates the duration of individual feeding bouts, independent of homeostatic state. A simple bistable attractor model captures both dSub-MB neural dynamics and associated behaviors across optogenetic and behavioral perturbations. Together, these findings identify a top-down circuit mechanism that implements action selection in a naturalistic setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krull, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mardare, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heydari Seradj, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korotkova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Top-down regulation of ingestive behavior fragmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fatty acid scavenging enables cancer escape from KRAS inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although inhibitors of oncogenic KRAS have shown clinical efficacy1, resistance to KRAS inhibition is common2, and its molecular basis remains unclear. Here we show that KRASi-resistant cancer cells sustain mitochondrial bioenergetics through enhanced fatty acid (FA) metabolism, despite suppression of canonical KRAS signaling. Specifically, KRASi-resistant pancreatic cancer cells exploit macropinocytosis to scavenge FA released from adipose tissue, fueling beta-oxidation independently of KRAS-PI3K signaling. This adaptive metabolic program is driven by the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRB1, which activates non-canonical PI3K{gamma}-PAK1 signaling to stimulate macropinocytosis and maintain metabolic homeostasis under KRASi. Disruption of ADGRB1-PI3K{gamma} signaling dismantles this metabolic program and restores KRASi sensitivity. This pathway operates across multiple KRAS-mutated cancers and is associated with poor therapeutic response and outcome. These findings offer a promising strategy for overcoming KRASi resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fatty acid scavenging enables cancer escape from KRAS inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nonlinear associations between body mass index and brain microstructure across adolescence in the ABCD Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.716201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to screen for weight-related health risks during adolescence. Prior neuroimaging studies have assumed a linear relationship between BMI and brain microstructure, potentially obscuring how this association varies across the BMI distribution. Using restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, previous work has identified positive linear associations between BMI and weight-related metrics and the restricted normalized isotropic (RNI) signal fraction in subcortical structures, but it remains unclear whether these associations are uniform across the full BMI spectrum or driven by particular portions of the distribution. Methods: We examined the relationship between BMI percentile and voxelwise RNI in subcortical gray matter and white matter structures using data from the ABCD Study 6.1 release, which includes four imaging timepoints spanning ages 9-18 years (22,011 observations from 10,465 unique participants). Sex-stratified generalized additive mixed-effects models with smooth terms for BMI percentile, age, and pubertal development were used to model the shape of the BMI-microstructure association across the full percentile range, controlling for genetic principal components, household income, parental education, and MRI scanner/software version. Results: The association between BMI percentile and RNI was nonlinear in the bilateral nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, and forceps minor. A modest, positive association was present across most of the BMI range, but the rate of change accelerated markedly above the 80th percentile. This pattern was consistent across structures and sexes, though the overall magnitude of the partial effect was higher for males across most structures, while females showed steeper rates of change in most structures above the 80th percentile. Voxelwise analyses revealed spatial heterogeneity within structures, with stronger effects concentrated in specific subregions including the posterior forceps minor, dorsal pallidum, anterior putamen, and posterior thalamus. Discussion: The relationship between BMI and subcortical brain microstructure during adolescence is not uniform but instead accelerates at the upper end of the BMI distribution, suggesting that prior linear estimates may reflect a blended average of a modest slope across most of the range and a steep slope above the 80th percentile. These findings extend the existing literature by capturing a wider developmental window, employing voxelwise rather than ROI-averaged analyses, identifying the forceps minor as a novel region of interest, and highlighting the advantages of nonlinear modeling in revealing dynamic associations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rigby, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecheva, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parekh, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linkersdoerfer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watts, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loughnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagler, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jernigan, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dale, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.716201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nonlinear associations between body mass index and brain microstructure across adolescence in the ABCD Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.711742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stress-Induced PTBP1 Reprograms Neuronal Function and Activates Cellular Senescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.711742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic oxidative stress is a major contributor to neuronal aging. Due to the lack of homologous recombination (HR) DNA damage repair, high oxygen consumption in neurons causes DNA damage accumulation with age, resulting in a decline in neuronal function, senescence-like phenotypes and onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we identify increased PTBP1 as a stress-inducible negative regulator of neuronal gene expression and senescence-protectant genes. Oxidative stress robustly increases PTBP1 expression in ShSY-5Y differentiated neurons and primary mouse cortical neurons, coinciding with the loss of neuronal genes, including neuronal PTBP2, and activation of stress-responsive genes. Knockdown of PTBP1 in fibroblasts reduces the expression of key senescence genes. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that PTBP1 overexpression results in coordinated shift in gene expression characterized by repression of neuronal commitment genes and activation of stress and senescence genes. Mechanistically, PTBP1 induction is regulated by stress induced CTCF binding at the PTBP1 promoter. Together, our findings suggest that alteration in levels of PTBP1 acts as a molecular switch between neuronal function and survival, providing insight into transcriptional adaptations associated with aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Priyanka, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamliel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohgi, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenfeld, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.03.711742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stress-Induced PTBP1 Reprograms Neuronal Function and Activates Cellular Senescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.713023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding the scope of redox-balance growth coupling techniques with a carbon cofeeding strategy 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.713023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic engineering to produce molecules not naturally synthesized by the host often requires directed evolution to improve pathway enzyme performance. Growth-coupled selection can dramatically increase directed-evolution throughput, and manipulation of redox balance has proven effective for tying reductase fitness to microbial growth. However, most redox-balance selections require feeding the reductase substrate because of stoichiometric constraints. This is impractical for many biosynthetic pathways either due to practical limitations on cost or complexity of bulk substrate synthesis, or the lack of an ability to transport substrate into cells, for example intracellular acyl-CoA/ACP intermediates. Here we define stoichiometric constraints that make substrate feeding necessary for many acetyl-CoA-derived reduction pathways in NADPH-imbalanced hosts. We overcome these constraints with a dual-feedstock strategy in which glucose provides reducing power while acetate supplies additional acetyl-CoA without directly perturbing redox balance. In an engineered E. coli selection strain, acetate co-feeding enabled growth coupling of acetaldehyde, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and mevalonate production and produced a linear correlation between product formation and growth. We then used this selection to evolve a class II HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) from Delftia acidovorans toward NADPH utilization, enriching variants with improved NADPH-dependent activity. Finally, propionate co-feeding enabled growth coupling of propionyl-CoA reduction, supporting the generality of carbon co-feeding for selecting enzymes in pathways involving acyl-chain elongation and reduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cowan, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cawthon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perea, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabovac, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petzold, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keasling, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.713023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding the scope of redox-balance growth coupling techniques with a carbon cofeeding strategy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
